[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163991},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method":3,"nav-reference":2207},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2200,"extension":2201,"meta":2202,"navigation":217,"path":2203,"seo":2204,"stem":2205,"__hash__":2206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2164},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,42,47,134,140,147,156,159,177,180,241,244,289,297,301,327,330,343,349,351,384,386,422,429,435,438,449,452,454,513,515,568,571,581,584,641,643,719,732,744,748,762,765,768,821,823,859,862,917,919,955,958,965,970,975,978,980,1041,1043,1079,1082,1097,1100,1103,1146,1148,1174,1180,1189,1192,1194,1281,1283,1342,1345,1356,1365,1367,1443,1445,1463,1467,1470,1474,1502,1504,1513,1517,1552,1554,1568,1572,1575,1615,1617,1634,1640,1645,1656,1659,1670,1674,1677,1705,1708,1758,1760,1778,1781,1784,1837,1839,1872,1875,1934,1941,1945,1950,2055,2058,2072,2076,2086,2091,2096,2103,2109,2116,2119,2123,2129,2133,2160],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-split-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"split()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,27,28],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,31,32,36,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,37,38],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,40,41],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[43,44,46],"h2",{"id":45},"quick-example","Quick example",[48,49,54],"pre",{"className":50,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n","python","",[15,55,56,80,113,127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58,61,65,69,73,77],"span",{"class":59,"line":60},"line",1,[57,62,64],{"class":63},"su5hD","text ",[57,66,68],{"class":67},"smGrS","=",[57,70,72],{"class":71},"sjJ54"," \"",[57,74,76],{"class":75},"s_sjI","apple,banana,cherry",[57,78,79],{"class":71},"\"\n",[57,81,83,86,88,91,95,99,102,105,108,110],{"class":59,"line":82},2,[57,84,85],{"class":63},"parts ",[57,87,68],{"class":67},[57,89,90],{"class":63}," text",[57,92,94],{"class":93},"sP7_E",".",[57,96,98],{"class":97},"slqww","split",[57,100,101],{"class":93},"(",[57,103,104],{"class":71},"\"",[57,106,107],{"class":75},",",[57,109,104],{"class":71},[57,111,112],{"class":93},")\n",[57,114,116,120,122,125],{"class":59,"line":115},3,[57,117,119],{"class":118},"sptTA","print",[57,121,101],{"class":93},[57,123,124],{"class":97},"parts",[57,126,112],{"class":93},[57,128,130],{"class":59,"line":129},4,[57,131,133],{"class":132},"sutJx","# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,135,136,137,139],{},"Use ",[15,138,17],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[43,141,143,144,146],{"id":142},"what-split-does","What ",[15,145,17],{}," does",[20,148,149,151,152,94],{},[15,150,17],{}," is a ",[153,154,155],"strong",{},"string method",[20,157,158],{},"It:",[30,160,161,164,170],{},[33,162,163],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,165,166,167],{},"returns a ",[153,168,169],{},"new list of strings",[33,171,172,173,176],{},"does ",[153,174,175],{},"not"," change the original string",[20,178,179],{},"Example:",[48,181,183],{"className":50,"code":182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,184,185,198,213,219,230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,186,187,189,191,193,196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,188,64],{"class":63},[57,190,68],{"class":67},[57,192,72],{"class":71},[57,194,195],{"class":75},"red blue green",[57,197,79],{"class":71},[57,199,200,202,204,206,208,210],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,201,85],{"class":63},[57,203,68],{"class":67},[57,205,90],{"class":63},[57,207,94],{"class":93},[57,209,98],{"class":97},[57,211,212],{"class":93},"()\n",[57,214,215],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,216,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},true,"\n",[57,220,221,223,225,228],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,222,119],{"class":118},[57,224,101],{"class":93},[57,226,227],{"class":97},"text",[57,229,112],{"class":93},[57,231,233,235,237,239],{"class":59,"line":232},5,[57,234,119],{"class":118},[57,236,101],{"class":93},[57,238,124],{"class":97},[57,240,112],{"class":93},[20,242,243],{},"Output:",[48,245,247],{"className":50,"code":246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,248,249,254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,250,251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,252,253],{"class":63},"red blue green\n",[57,255,256,259,262,265,267,269,272,275,277,279,281,284,286],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,257,258],{"class":93},"[",[57,260,261],{"class":71},"'",[57,263,264],{"class":75},"red",[57,266,261],{"class":71},[57,268,107],{"class":93},[57,270,271],{"class":71}," '",[57,273,274],{"class":75},"blue",[57,276,261],{"class":71},[57,278,107],{"class":93},[57,280,271],{"class":71},[57,282,283],{"class":75},"green",[57,285,261],{"class":71},[57,287,288],{"class":93},"]\n",[20,290,291,292,94],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[293,294,296],"a",{"href":295},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[43,298,300],{"id":299},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[48,302,304],{"className":50,"code":303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,305,306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,307,308,311,313,315,317,320,322,325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,309,310],{"class":63},"string",[57,312,94],{"class":93},[57,314,98],{"class":97},[57,316,101],{"class":93},[57,318,319],{"class":97},"separator",[57,321,107],{"class":93},[57,323,324],{"class":97}," maxsplit",[57,326,112],{"class":93},[20,328,329],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,331,332,337],{},[33,333,334,336],{},[15,335,319],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,338,339,342],{},[15,340,341],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,344,345,346,348],{},"If ",[15,347,319],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,350,179],{},[48,352,354],{"className":50,"code":353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,355,356,369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,357,358,360,362,364,367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,359,64],{"class":63},[57,361,68],{"class":67},[57,363,72],{"class":71},[57,365,366],{"class":75},"one two three",[57,368,79],{"class":71},[57,370,371,373,375,377,379,381],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,372,119],{"class":118},[57,374,101],{"class":93},[57,376,227],{"class":97},[57,378,94],{"class":93},[57,380,98],{"class":97},[57,382,383],{"class":93},"())\n",[20,385,243],{},[48,387,389],{"className":50,"code":388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,390,391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,392,393,395,397,400,402,404,406,409,411,413,415,418,420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,394,258],{"class":93},[57,396,261],{"class":71},[57,398,399],{"class":75},"one",[57,401,261],{"class":71},[57,403,107],{"class":93},[57,405,271],{"class":71},[57,407,408],{"class":75},"two",[57,410,261],{"class":71},[57,412,107],{"class":93},[57,414,271],{"class":71},[57,416,417],{"class":75},"three",[57,419,261],{"class":71},[57,421,288],{"class":93},[43,423,425,426,428],{"id":424},"using-split-with-no-separator","Using ",[15,427,17],{}," with no separator",[20,430,431,432,434],{},"When you call ",[15,433,17],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,436,437],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,439,440,443,446],{},[33,441,442],{},"spaces",[33,444,445],{},"tabs",[33,447,448],{},"new lines",[20,450,451],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,453,179],{},[48,455,457],{"className":50,"code":456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,458,459,485,499,503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,460,461,463,465,467,470,474,477,480,483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,462,64],{"class":63},[57,464,68],{"class":67},[57,466,72],{"class":71},[57,468,469],{"class":75},"Python   is",[57,471,473],{"class":472},"s_hVV","\\t",[57,475,476],{"class":75},"fun",[57,478,479],{"class":472},"\\n",[57,481,482],{"class":75},"and useful",[57,484,79],{"class":71},[57,486,487,489,491,493,495,497],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,488,85],{"class":63},[57,490,68],{"class":67},[57,492,90],{"class":63},[57,494,94],{"class":93},[57,496,98],{"class":97},[57,498,212],{"class":93},[57,500,501],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,502,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,504,505,507,509,511],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,506,119],{"class":118},[57,508,101],{"class":93},[57,510,124],{"class":97},[57,512,112],{"class":93},[20,514,243],{},[48,516,518],{"className":50,"code":517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,519,520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,521,522,524,526,529,531,533,535,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,555,557,559,561,564,566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,523,258],{"class":93},[57,525,261],{"class":71},[57,527,528],{"class":75},"Python",[57,530,261],{"class":71},[57,532,107],{"class":93},[57,534,271],{"class":71},[57,536,537],{"class":75},"is",[57,539,261],{"class":71},[57,541,107],{"class":93},[57,543,271],{"class":71},[57,545,476],{"class":75},[57,547,261],{"class":71},[57,549,107],{"class":93},[57,551,271],{"class":71},[57,553,554],{"class":75},"and",[57,556,261],{"class":71},[57,558,107],{"class":93},[57,560,271],{"class":71},[57,562,563],{"class":75},"useful",[57,565,261],{"class":71},[57,567,288],{"class":93},[20,569,570],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[572,573,575,577,578],"h3",{"id":574},"split-vs-split",[15,576,17],{}," vs ",[15,579,580],{},"split(' ')",[20,582,583],{},"These are not the same.",[48,585,587],{"className":50,"code":586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,588,589,602,606,620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,590,591,593,595,597,600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,592,64],{"class":63},[57,594,68],{"class":67},[57,596,72],{"class":71},[57,598,599],{"class":75},"a  b   c",[57,601,79],{"class":71},[57,603,604],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,605,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,607,608,610,612,614,616,618],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,609,119],{"class":118},[57,611,101],{"class":93},[57,613,227],{"class":97},[57,615,94],{"class":93},[57,617,98],{"class":97},[57,619,383],{"class":93},[57,621,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636,638],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,623,119],{"class":118},[57,625,101],{"class":93},[57,627,227],{"class":97},[57,629,94],{"class":93},[57,631,98],{"class":97},[57,633,101],{"class":93},[57,635,104],{"class":71},[57,637,72],{"class":71},[57,639,640],{"class":93},"))\n",[20,642,243],{},[48,644,646],{"className":50,"code":645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,647,648,678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,649,650,652,654,656,658,660,662,665,667,669,671,674,676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,651,258],{"class":93},[57,653,261],{"class":71},[57,655,293],{"class":75},[57,657,261],{"class":71},[57,659,107],{"class":93},[57,661,271],{"class":71},[57,663,664],{"class":75},"b",[57,666,261],{"class":71},[57,668,107],{"class":93},[57,670,271],{"class":71},[57,672,673],{"class":75},"c",[57,675,261],{"class":71},[57,677,288],{"class":93},[57,679,680,682,684,686,688,690,693,695,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711,713,715,717],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,681,258],{"class":93},[57,683,261],{"class":71},[57,685,293],{"class":75},[57,687,261],{"class":71},[57,689,107],{"class":93},[57,691,692],{"class":71}," ''",[57,694,107],{"class":93},[57,696,271],{"class":71},[57,698,664],{"class":75},[57,700,261],{"class":71},[57,702,107],{"class":93},[57,704,692],{"class":71},[57,706,107],{"class":93},[57,708,692],{"class":71},[57,710,107],{"class":93},[57,712,271],{"class":71},[57,714,673],{"class":75},[57,716,261],{"class":71},[57,718,288],{"class":93},[30,720,721,726],{},[33,722,723,725],{},[15,724,17],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,727,728,731],{},[15,729,730],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,733,734,735,743],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[293,736,738,739,742],{"href":737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,740,741],{},"strip()"," method"," is often useful.",[43,745,747],{"id":746},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,749,750,751,754,755,758,759,94],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,752,753],{},"\",\"",", ",[15,756,757],{},"\"-\"",", or ",[15,760,761],{},"\"::\"",[20,763,764],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,766,767],{},"Example with commas:",[48,769,771],{"className":50,"code":770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,772,773,785,807,811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,774,775,777,779,781,783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,776,64],{"class":63},[57,778,68],{"class":67},[57,780,72],{"class":71},[57,782,76],{"class":75},[57,784,79],{"class":71},[57,786,787,789,791,793,795,797,799,801,803,805],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,788,85],{"class":63},[57,790,68],{"class":67},[57,792,90],{"class":63},[57,794,94],{"class":93},[57,796,98],{"class":97},[57,798,101],{"class":93},[57,800,104],{"class":71},[57,802,107],{"class":75},[57,804,104],{"class":71},[57,806,112],{"class":93},[57,808,809],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,810,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,812,813,815,817,819],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,814,119],{"class":118},[57,816,101],{"class":93},[57,818,124],{"class":97},[57,820,112],{"class":93},[20,822,243],{},[48,824,826],{"className":50,"code":825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,827,828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,829,830,832,834,837,839,841,843,846,848,850,852,855,857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,831,258],{"class":93},[57,833,261],{"class":71},[57,835,836],{"class":75},"apple",[57,838,261],{"class":71},[57,840,107],{"class":93},[57,842,271],{"class":71},[57,844,845],{"class":75},"banana",[57,847,261],{"class":71},[57,849,107],{"class":93},[57,851,271],{"class":71},[57,853,854],{"class":75},"cherry",[57,856,261],{"class":71},[57,858,288],{"class":93},[20,860,861],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[48,863,865],{"className":50,"code":864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,866,867,880,903,907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,868,869,871,873,875,878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,870,64],{"class":63},[57,872,68],{"class":67},[57,874,72],{"class":71},[57,876,877],{"class":75},"2024::10::31",[57,879,79],{"class":71},[57,881,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896,899,901],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,883,85],{"class":63},[57,885,68],{"class":67},[57,887,90],{"class":63},[57,889,94],{"class":93},[57,891,98],{"class":97},[57,893,101],{"class":93},[57,895,104],{"class":71},[57,897,898],{"class":75},"::",[57,900,104],{"class":71},[57,902,112],{"class":93},[57,904,905],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,906,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,908,909,911,913,915],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,910,119],{"class":118},[57,912,101],{"class":93},[57,914,124],{"class":97},[57,916,112],{"class":93},[20,918,243],{},[48,920,922],{"className":50,"code":921,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,923,924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,925,926,928,930,933,935,937,939,942,944,946,948,951,953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,927,258],{"class":93},[57,929,261],{"class":71},[57,931,932],{"class":75},"2024",[57,934,261],{"class":71},[57,936,107],{"class":93},[57,938,271],{"class":71},[57,940,941],{"class":75},"10",[57,943,261],{"class":71},[57,945,107],{"class":93},[57,947,271],{"class":71},[57,949,950],{"class":75},"31",[57,952,261],{"class":71},[57,954,288],{"class":93},[20,956,957],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,959,960,961,94],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[293,962,964],{"href":963},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[43,966,425,968],{"id":967},"using-maxsplit",[15,969,341],{},[20,971,972,974],{},[15,973,341],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,976,977],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,979,179],{},[48,981,983],{"className":50,"code":982,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,984,985,998,1027,1031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,986,987,989,991,993,996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,988,64],{"class":63},[57,990,68],{"class":67},[57,992,72],{"class":71},[57,994,995],{"class":75},"name:age:city:country",[57,997,79],{"class":71},[57,999,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1017,1019,1021,1025],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1001,85],{"class":63},[57,1003,68],{"class":67},[57,1005,90],{"class":63},[57,1007,94],{"class":93},[57,1009,98],{"class":97},[57,1011,101],{"class":93},[57,1013,104],{"class":71},[57,1015,1016],{"class":75},":",[57,1018,104],{"class":71},[57,1020,107],{"class":93},[57,1022,1024],{"class":1023},"srdBf"," 2",[57,1026,112],{"class":93},[57,1028,1029],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1030,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1032,1033,1035,1037,1039],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1034,119],{"class":118},[57,1036,101],{"class":93},[57,1038,124],{"class":97},[57,1040,112],{"class":93},[20,1042,243],{},[48,1044,1046],{"className":50,"code":1045,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,1047,1048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1049,1050,1052,1054,1057,1059,1061,1063,1066,1068,1070,1072,1075,1077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1051,258],{"class":93},[57,1053,261],{"class":71},[57,1055,1056],{"class":75},"name",[57,1058,261],{"class":71},[57,1060,107],{"class":93},[57,1062,271],{"class":71},[57,1064,1065],{"class":75},"age",[57,1067,261],{"class":71},[57,1069,107],{"class":93},[57,1071,271],{"class":71},[57,1073,1074],{"class":75},"city:country",[57,1076,261],{"class":71},[57,1078,288],{"class":93},[20,1080,1081],{},"Here:",[30,1083,1084,1089,1094],{},[33,1085,1086,1087],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,1088,1016],{},[33,1090,1091,1092],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,1093,1016],{},[33,1095,1096],{},"then stops",[20,1098,1099],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,1101,1102],{},"Another example:",[48,1104,1106],{"className":50,"code":1105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,1107,1108,1121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1109,1110,1112,1114,1116,1119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1111,64],{"class":63},[57,1113,68],{"class":67},[57,1115,72],{"class":71},[57,1117,1118],{"class":75},"apple banana cherry grape",[57,1120,79],{"class":71},[57,1122,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1124,119],{"class":118},[57,1126,101],{"class":93},[57,1128,227],{"class":97},[57,1130,94],{"class":93},[57,1132,98],{"class":97},[57,1134,101],{"class":93},[57,1136,104],{"class":71},[57,1138,72],{"class":71},[57,1140,107],{"class":93},[57,1142,1143],{"class":1023}," 1",[57,1145,640],{"class":93},[20,1147,243],{},[48,1149,1151],{"className":50,"code":1150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,1152,1153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1154,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167,1170,1172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1156,258],{"class":93},[57,1158,261],{"class":71},[57,1160,836],{"class":75},[57,1162,261],{"class":71},[57,1164,107],{"class":93},[57,1166,271],{"class":71},[57,1168,1169],{"class":75},"banana cherry grape",[57,1171,261],{"class":71},[57,1173,288],{"class":93},[43,1175,143,1177,1179],{"id":1176},"what-split-returns",[15,1178,17],{}," returns",[20,1181,1182,1183,1185,1186,94],{},"The result of ",[15,1184,17],{}," is always a ",[153,1187,1188],{},"list",[20,1190,1191],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,1193,179],{},[48,1195,1197],{"className":50,"code":1196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,1198,1199,1212,1234,1238,1248,1264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207,1210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1202,64],{"class":63},[57,1204,68],{"class":67},[57,1206,72],{"class":71},[57,1208,1209],{"class":75},"cat,dog,bird",[57,1211,79],{"class":71},[57,1213,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1215,85],{"class":63},[57,1217,68],{"class":67},[57,1219,90],{"class":63},[57,1221,94],{"class":93},[57,1223,98],{"class":97},[57,1225,101],{"class":93},[57,1227,104],{"class":71},[57,1229,107],{"class":75},[57,1231,104],{"class":71},[57,1233,112],{"class":93},[57,1235,1236],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1237,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1239,1240,1242,1244,1246],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1241,119],{"class":118},[57,1243,101],{"class":93},[57,1245,124],{"class":97},[57,1247,112],{"class":93},[57,1249,1250,1252,1254,1258,1260,1262],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,1251,119],{"class":118},[57,1253,101],{"class":93},[57,1255,1257],{"class":1256},"sZMiF","type",[57,1259,101],{"class":93},[57,1261,124],{"class":97},[57,1263,640],{"class":93},[57,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1278],{"class":59,"line":1266},6,[57,1268,119],{"class":118},[57,1270,101],{"class":93},[57,1272,124],{"class":97},[57,1274,258],{"class":93},[57,1276,1277],{"class":1023},"0",[57,1279,1280],{"class":93},"])\n",[20,1282,243],{},[48,1284,1286],{"className":50,"code":1285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,1287,1288,1319,1337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1289,1290,1292,1294,1297,1299,1301,1303,1306,1308,1310,1312,1315,1317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1291,258],{"class":93},[57,1293,261],{"class":71},[57,1295,1296],{"class":75},"cat",[57,1298,261],{"class":71},[57,1300,107],{"class":93},[57,1302,271],{"class":71},[57,1304,1305],{"class":75},"dog",[57,1307,261],{"class":71},[57,1309,107],{"class":93},[57,1311,271],{"class":71},[57,1313,1314],{"class":75},"bird",[57,1316,261],{"class":71},[57,1318,288],{"class":93},[57,1320,1321,1324,1328,1330,1332,1334],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1322,1323],{"class":67},"\u003C",[57,1325,1327],{"class":1326},"sbsja","class",[57,1329,271],{"class":71},[57,1331,1188],{"class":75},[57,1333,261],{"class":71},[57,1335,1336],{"class":67},">\n",[57,1338,1339],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1340,1341],{"class":63},"cat\n",[20,1343,1344],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,1346,1347,1350,1353],{},[33,1348,1349],{},"loop over it",[33,1351,1352],{},"access items by index",[33,1354,1355],{},"combine items again later",[20,1357,1358,1359,94],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[293,1360,738,1362,742],{"href":1361},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,1363,1364],{},"join()",[20,1366,179],{},[48,1368,1370],{"className":50,"code":1369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,1371,1372,1405,1429,1433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1373,1374,1376,1378,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1375,85],{"class":63},[57,1377,68],{"class":67},[57,1379,1380],{"class":93}," [",[57,1382,261],{"class":71},[57,1384,1296],{"class":75},[57,1386,261],{"class":71},[57,1388,107],{"class":93},[57,1390,271],{"class":71},[57,1392,1305],{"class":75},[57,1394,261],{"class":71},[57,1396,107],{"class":93},[57,1398,271],{"class":71},[57,1400,1314],{"class":75},[57,1402,261],{"class":71},[57,1404,288],{"class":93},[57,1406,1407,1409,1411,1413,1416,1418,1420,1423,1425,1427],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1408,64],{"class":63},[57,1410,68],{"class":67},[57,1412,72],{"class":71},[57,1414,1415],{"class":75},"-",[57,1417,104],{"class":71},[57,1419,94],{"class":93},[57,1421,1422],{"class":97},"join",[57,1424,101],{"class":93},[57,1426,124],{"class":97},[57,1428,112],{"class":93},[57,1430,1431],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1432,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1434,1435,1437,1439,1441],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1436,119],{"class":118},[57,1438,101],{"class":93},[57,1440,227],{"class":97},[57,1442,112],{"class":93},[20,1444,243],{},[48,1446,1448],{"className":50,"code":1447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,1449,1450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1451,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1453,1296],{"class":63},[57,1455,1415],{"class":67},[57,1457,1305],{"class":63},[57,1459,1415],{"class":67},[57,1461,1462],{"class":63},"bird\n",[43,1464,1466],{"id":1465},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,1468,1469],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[572,1471,1473],{"id":1472},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[48,1475,1477],{"className":50,"code":1476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,1478,1479,1488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1480,1481,1483,1485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1482,64],{"class":63},[57,1484,68],{"class":67},[57,1486,1487],{"class":71}," \"\"\n",[57,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1491,119],{"class":118},[57,1493,101],{"class":93},[57,1495,227],{"class":97},[57,1497,94],{"class":93},[57,1499,98],{"class":97},[57,1501,383],{"class":93},[20,1503,243],{},[48,1505,1507],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[]\n",[15,1508,1509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1510,1511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1512,1506],{"class":93},[572,1514,1516],{"id":1515},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[48,1518,1520],{"className":50,"code":1519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,1521,1522,1530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1523,1524,1526,1528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1525,64],{"class":63},[57,1527,68],{"class":67},[57,1529,1487],{"class":71},[57,1531,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1533,119],{"class":118},[57,1535,101],{"class":93},[57,1537,227],{"class":97},[57,1539,94],{"class":93},[57,1541,98],{"class":97},[57,1543,101],{"class":93},[57,1545,104],{"class":71},[57,1547,107],{"class":75},[57,1549,104],{"class":71},[57,1551,640],{"class":93},[20,1553,243],{},[48,1555,1557],{"className":50,"code":1556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['']\n",[15,1558,1559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1560,1561,1563,1566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1562,258],{"class":93},[57,1564,1565],{"class":71},"''",[57,1567,288],{"class":93},[572,1569,1571],{"id":1570},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,1573,1574],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[48,1576,1578],{"className":50,"code":1577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,1579,1580,1593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1581,1582,1584,1586,1588,1591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1583,64],{"class":63},[57,1585,68],{"class":67},[57,1587,72],{"class":71},[57,1589,1590],{"class":75},"hello",[57,1592,79],{"class":71},[57,1594,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1596,119],{"class":118},[57,1598,101],{"class":93},[57,1600,227],{"class":97},[57,1602,94],{"class":93},[57,1604,98],{"class":97},[57,1606,101],{"class":93},[57,1608,104],{"class":71},[57,1610,107],{"class":75},[57,1612,104],{"class":71},[57,1614,640],{"class":93},[20,1616,243],{},[48,1618,1620],{"className":50,"code":1619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello']\n",[15,1621,1622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1623,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1625,258],{"class":93},[57,1627,261],{"class":71},[57,1629,1590],{"class":75},[57,1631,261],{"class":71},[57,1633,288],{"class":93},[43,1635,1637,1638],{"id":1636},"when-to-use-split","When to use ",[15,1639,17],{},[20,1641,136,1642,1644],{},[15,1643,17],{}," when you need to:",[30,1646,1647,1650,1653],{},[33,1648,1649],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,1651,1652],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,1654,1655],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,1657,1658],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,1660,1661,1664,1667],{},[33,1662,1663],{},"cleaning text",[33,1665,1666],{},"parsing user input",[33,1668,1669],{},"processing simple file content",[43,1671,1673],{"id":1672},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1675,1676],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,1678,1679,1685,1691,1694,1702],{},[33,1680,1681,1682,1684],{},"expecting ",[15,1683,17],{}," to change the original string",[33,1686,1687,1688,1690],{},"forgetting that ",[15,1689,17],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,1692,1693],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,1695,1696,1697,1699,1700],{},"assuming ",[15,1698,580],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,1701,17],{},[33,1703,1704],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,1706,1707],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[48,1709,1711],{"className":50,"code":1710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,1712,1713,1726,1744,1748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1714,1715,1717,1719,1721,1724],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1716,64],{"class":63},[57,1718,68],{"class":67},[57,1720,72],{"class":71},[57,1722,1723],{"class":75},"a,b,c",[57,1725,79],{"class":71},[57,1727,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1729,227],{"class":63},[57,1731,94],{"class":93},[57,1733,98],{"class":97},[57,1735,101],{"class":93},[57,1737,104],{"class":71},[57,1739,107],{"class":75},[57,1741,104],{"class":71},[57,1743,112],{"class":93},[57,1745,1746],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1747,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1749,1750,1752,1754,1756],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1751,119],{"class":118},[57,1753,101],{"class":93},[57,1755,227],{"class":97},[57,1757,112],{"class":93},[20,1759,243],{},[48,1761,1763],{"className":50,"code":1762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a,b,c\n",[15,1764,1765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1766,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1768,293],{"class":63},[57,1770,107],{"class":93},[57,1772,664],{"class":63},[57,1774,107],{"class":93},[57,1776,1777],{"class":63},"c\n",[20,1779,1780],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,1782,1783],{},"Correct version:",[48,1785,1787],{"className":50,"code":1786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,1788,1789,1801,1823,1827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1790,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1792,64],{"class":63},[57,1794,68],{"class":67},[57,1796,72],{"class":71},[57,1798,1723],{"class":75},[57,1800,79],{"class":71},[57,1802,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1804,85],{"class":63},[57,1806,68],{"class":67},[57,1808,90],{"class":63},[57,1810,94],{"class":93},[57,1812,98],{"class":97},[57,1814,101],{"class":93},[57,1816,104],{"class":71},[57,1818,107],{"class":75},[57,1820,104],{"class":71},[57,1822,112],{"class":93},[57,1824,1825],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1826,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1828,1829,1831,1833,1835],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1830,119],{"class":118},[57,1832,101],{"class":93},[57,1834,124],{"class":97},[57,1836,112],{"class":93},[20,1838,243],{},[48,1840,1842],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,1843,1844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1845,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1847,258],{"class":93},[57,1849,261],{"class":71},[57,1851,293],{"class":75},[57,1853,261],{"class":71},[57,1855,107],{"class":93},[57,1857,271],{"class":71},[57,1859,664],{"class":75},[57,1861,261],{"class":71},[57,1863,107],{"class":93},[57,1865,271],{"class":71},[57,1867,673],{"class":75},[57,1869,261],{"class":71},[57,1871,288],{"class":93},[20,1873,1874],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[48,1876,1878],{"className":50,"code":1877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,1879,1880,1893,1915,1919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1881,1882,1884,1886,1888,1891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1883,64],{"class":63},[57,1885,68],{"class":67},[57,1887,72],{"class":71},[57,1889,1890],{"class":75},"apple,banana",[57,1892,79],{"class":71},[57,1894,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1896,85],{"class":63},[57,1898,68],{"class":67},[57,1900,90],{"class":63},[57,1902,94],{"class":93},[57,1904,98],{"class":97},[57,1906,101],{"class":93},[57,1908,104],{"class":71},[57,1910,107],{"class":75},[57,1912,104],{"class":71},[57,1914,112],{"class":93},[57,1916,1917],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1918,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,1920,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1932],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,1922,119],{"class":118},[57,1924,101],{"class":93},[57,1926,124],{"class":97},[57,1928,258],{"class":93},[57,1930,1931],{"class":1023},"2",[57,1933,1280],{"class":93},[20,1935,1936,1937,94],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[293,1938,1940],{"href":1939},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[572,1942,1944],{"id":1943},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[20,1946,345,1947,1949],{},[15,1948,17],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[48,1951,1953],{"className":50,"code":1952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,1954,1955,1965,1979,2001,2029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1956,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1958,119],{"class":118},[57,1960,101],{"class":93},[57,1962,227],{"class":97},[57,1964,112],{"class":93},[57,1966,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,1968,119],{"class":118},[57,1970,101],{"class":93},[57,1972,227],{"class":97},[57,1974,94],{"class":93},[57,1976,98],{"class":97},[57,1978,383],{"class":93},[57,1980,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,1982,119],{"class":118},[57,1984,101],{"class":93},[57,1986,227],{"class":97},[57,1988,94],{"class":93},[57,1990,98],{"class":97},[57,1992,101],{"class":93},[57,1994,261],{"class":71},[57,1996,107],{"class":75},[57,1998,261],{"class":71},[57,2000,640],{"class":93},[57,2002,2003,2005,2007,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,2004,119],{"class":118},[57,2006,101],{"class":93},[57,2008,2009],{"class":118},"len",[57,2011,101],{"class":93},[57,2013,227],{"class":97},[57,2015,94],{"class":93},[57,2017,98],{"class":97},[57,2019,101],{"class":93},[57,2021,261],{"class":71},[57,2023,107],{"class":75},[57,2025,261],{"class":71},[57,2027,2028],{"class":93},")))\n",[57,2030,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,2032,119],{"class":118},[57,2034,101],{"class":93},[57,2036,1257],{"class":1256},[57,2038,101],{"class":93},[57,2040,227],{"class":97},[57,2042,94],{"class":93},[57,2044,98],{"class":97},[57,2046,101],{"class":93},[57,2048,261],{"class":71},[57,2050,107],{"class":75},[57,2052,261],{"class":71},[57,2054,2028],{"class":93},[20,2056,2057],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,2059,2060,2063,2066,2069],{},[33,2061,2062],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,2064,2065],{},"which separator works",[33,2067,2068],{},"how many items were created",[33,2070,2071],{},"that the result is a list",[43,2073,2075],{"id":2074},"faq","FAQ",[572,2077,2079,2080,2082,2083,2085],{"id":2078},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split","What is the difference between ",[15,2081,17],{}," and ",[15,2084,580],{},"?",[20,2087,2088,2090],{},[15,2089,17],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,2092,2093,2095],{},[15,2094,580],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[572,2097,2099,2100,2102],{"id":2098},"does-split-change-the-original-string","Does ",[15,2101,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,2104,2105,2106,2108],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,2107,17],{}," returns a new list.",[572,2110,2112,2113,2115],{"id":2111},"what-does-maxsplit-do","What does ",[15,2114,341],{}," do?",[20,2117,2118],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[572,2120,2122],{"id":2121},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,2124,2125,2126,2128],{},"Because ",[15,2127,17],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[43,2130,2132],{"id":2131},"see-also","See also",[30,2134,2135,2140,2146,2152,2156],{},[33,2136,2137],{},[293,2138,2139],{"href":963},"How to split a string in Python",[33,2141,2142],{},[293,2143,738,2144,742],{"href":1361},[15,2145,1364],{},[33,2147,2148],{},[293,2149,738,2150,742],{"href":737},[15,2151,741],{},[33,2153,2154],{},[293,2155,296],{"href":295},[33,2157,2158],{},[293,2159,1940],{"href":1939},[2161,2162,2163],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":2165},[2166,2167,2169,2170,2175,2176,2178,2180,2185,2187,2190,2199],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":142,"depth":82,"text":2168},"What split() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":424,"depth":82,"text":2171,"children":2172},"Using split() with no separator",[2173],{"id":574,"depth":115,"text":2174},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":746,"depth":82,"text":747},{"id":967,"depth":82,"text":2177},"Using maxsplit",{"id":1176,"depth":82,"text":2179},"What split() returns",{"id":1465,"depth":82,"text":1466,"children":2181},[2182,2183,2184],{"id":1472,"depth":115,"text":1473},{"id":1515,"depth":115,"text":1516},{"id":1570,"depth":115,"text":1571},{"id":1636,"depth":82,"text":2186},"When to use split()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":2188},[2189],{"id":1943,"depth":115,"text":1944},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":2191},[2192,2194,2196,2198],{"id":2078,"depth":115,"text":2193},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":2098,"depth":115,"text":2195},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":2111,"depth":115,"text":2197},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":2121,"depth":115,"text":2122},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":5,"description":2200},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",[2208,3801,5509,7208,9345,11542,13059,15235,17442,19901,21740,24306,26405,28687,30634,32545,34542,35978,37806,40329,42490,43713,45084,46732,49053,50895,52875,54569,55822,57515,59264,61233,62982,65082,66442,68393,69953,71943,73738,75638,78079,80155,82795,84823,86785,88972,90976,93289,94971,96416,97610,98788,100628,103068,104772,106787,108311,109556,110719,112101,114172,116069,117843,119709,121826,123566,125025,126617,128540,130214,132147,133635,136413,137989,139548,141404,143356,144819,146008,147894,149305,151001,152555,153977,155380,157278,159672,161503],{"id":2209,"title":2210,"body":2211,"description":3795,"extension":2201,"meta":3796,"navigation":217,"path":3797,"seo":3798,"stem":3799,"__hash__":3800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2212,"toc":3767},[2213,2216,2223,2226,2237,2240,2242,2305,2307,2327,2332,2336,2341,2344,2359,2362,2388,2391,2393,2396,2412,2414,2439,2441,2501,2503,2518,2528,2539,2543,2546,2599,2601,2621,2624,2648,2655,2659,2664,2670,2672,2711,2713,2722,2728,2746,2749,2761,2765,2770,2774,2777,2798,2800,2858,2860,2868,2871,2875,2907,2909,2917,2920,2924,2929,2977,2979,2987,2991,3051,3053,3061,3064,3066,3070,3073,3096,3105,3121,3171,3173,3188,3199,3203,3206,3236,3243,3247,3252,3293,3295,3306,3309,3352,3354,3362,3366,3371,3393,3395,3404,3413,3417,3422,3444,3446,3516,3518,3565,3568,3571,3574,3653,3655,3686,3688,3692,3695,3699,3702,3706,3709,3713,3725,3729,3732,3734,3764],[10,2214,2210],{"id":2215},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2217,2218,2219,2222],{},"The ",[15,2220,2221],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2224,2225],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,2227,2228,2231,2234],{},[33,2229,2230],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,2232,2233],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,2235,2236],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2238,2239],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[43,2241,46],{"id":45},[48,2243,2245],{"className":50,"code":2244,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2246,2247,2265,2280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2248,2249,2251,2253,2256,2258,2260,2263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2250,119],{"class":118},[57,2252,101],{"class":93},[57,2254,2255],{"class":118},"abs",[57,2257,101],{"class":93},[57,2259,1415],{"class":67},[57,2261,2262],{"class":1023},"7",[57,2264,640],{"class":93},[57,2266,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2278],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2268,119],{"class":118},[57,2270,101],{"class":93},[57,2272,2255],{"class":118},[57,2274,101],{"class":93},[57,2276,2277],{"class":1023},"3.5",[57,2279,640],{"class":93},[57,2281,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2297,2300,2303],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2283,119],{"class":118},[57,2285,101],{"class":93},[57,2287,2255],{"class":118},[57,2289,101],{"class":93},[57,2291,1415],{"class":67},[57,2293,1931],{"class":1023},[57,2295,2296],{"class":67},"+",[57,2298,2299],{"class":1023},"3",[57,2301,2302],{"class":1326},"j",[57,2304,640],{"class":93},[20,2306,243],{},[48,2308,2310],{"className":50,"code":2309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2311,2312,2317,2322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2313,2314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2315,2316],{"class":1023},"7\n",[57,2318,2319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2320,2321],{"class":1023},"3.5\n",[57,2323,2324],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2325,2326],{"class":1023},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2328,136,2329,2331],{},[15,2330,2221],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[43,2333,2335],{"id":2334},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2337,2338,2340],{},[15,2339,2221],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2342,2343],{},"That means:",[30,2345,2346,2349,2352],{},[33,2347,2348],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2350,2351],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2353,2354,2356,2357],{},[15,2355,1277],{}," stays ",[15,2358,1277],{},[20,2360,2361],{},"Examples:",[30,2363,2364,2373,2381],{},[33,2365,2366,2369,2370],{},[15,2367,2368],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2371,2372],{},"5",[33,2374,2375,2369,2378],{},[15,2376,2377],{},"abs(9)",[15,2379,2380],{},"9",[33,2382,2383,2369,2386],{},[15,2384,2385],{},"abs(0)",[15,2387,1277],{},[20,2389,2390],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[43,2392,300],{"id":299},[20,2394,2395],{},"The syntax is:",[48,2397,2399],{"className":50,"code":2398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(x)\n",[15,2400,2401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2402,2403,2405,2407,2410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2404,2255],{"class":118},[57,2406,101],{"class":93},[57,2408,2409],{"class":97},"x",[57,2411,112],{"class":93},[20,2413,1081],{},[30,2415,2416,2431,2436],{},[33,2417,2418,2420,2421,754,2424,758,2427,2430],{},[15,2419,2409],{}," is usually an ",[15,2422,2423],{},"int",[15,2425,2426],{},"float",[15,2428,2429],{},"complex"," number",[33,2432,2433,2435],{},[15,2434,2221],{}," returns a new value",[33,2437,2438],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2440,179],{},[48,2442,2444],{"className":50,"code":2443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2445,2446,2459,2476,2480,2490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2447,2448,2451,2453,2456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2449,2450],{"class":63},"number ",[57,2452,68],{"class":67},[57,2454,2455],{"class":67}," -",[57,2457,2458],{"class":1023},"12\n",[57,2460,2461,2464,2466,2469,2471,2474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2462,2463],{"class":63},"result ",[57,2465,68],{"class":67},[57,2467,2468],{"class":118}," abs",[57,2470,101],{"class":93},[57,2472,2473],{"class":97},"number",[57,2475,112],{"class":93},[57,2477,2478],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2479,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,2481,2482,2484,2486,2488],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,2483,119],{"class":118},[57,2485,101],{"class":93},[57,2487,2473],{"class":97},[57,2489,112],{"class":93},[57,2491,2492,2494,2496,2499],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,2493,119],{"class":118},[57,2495,101],{"class":93},[57,2497,2498],{"class":97},"result",[57,2500,112],{"class":93},[20,2502,243],{},[48,2504,2506],{"className":50,"code":2505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-12\n12\n",[15,2507,2508,2514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2509,2510,2512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2511,1415],{"class":67},[57,2513,2458],{"class":1023},[57,2515,2516],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2517,2458],{"class":1023},[20,2519,2520,2521,2523,2524,2527],{},"Notice that ",[15,2522,2473],{}," is still ",[15,2525,2526],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2529,2530,2531,2538],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[293,2532,2534,2537],{"href":2533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2535,2536],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[43,2540,2542],{"id":2541},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2544,2545],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[48,2547,2549],{"className":50,"code":2548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2550,2551,2567,2582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2552,2553,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2554,119],{"class":118},[57,2556,101],{"class":93},[57,2558,2255],{"class":118},[57,2560,101],{"class":93},[57,2562,1415],{"class":67},[57,2564,941],{"class":1023},[57,2566,640],{"class":93},[57,2568,2569,2571,2573,2575,2577,2580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2570,119],{"class":118},[57,2572,101],{"class":93},[57,2574,2255],{"class":118},[57,2576,101],{"class":93},[57,2578,2579],{"class":1023},"8",[57,2581,640],{"class":93},[57,2583,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594,2597],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2585,119],{"class":118},[57,2587,101],{"class":93},[57,2589,2255],{"class":118},[57,2591,101],{"class":93},[57,2593,1415],{"class":67},[57,2595,2596],{"class":1023},"4.2",[57,2598,640],{"class":93},[20,2600,243],{},[48,2602,2604],{"className":50,"code":2603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2605,2606,2611,2616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2607,2608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2609,2610],{"class":1023},"10\n",[57,2612,2613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2614,2615],{"class":1023},"8\n",[57,2617,2618],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2619,2620],{"class":1023},"4.2\n",[20,2622,2623],{},"What each line does:",[30,2625,2626,2634,2641],{},[33,2627,2628,2631,2632],{},[15,2629,2630],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2633,941],{},[33,2635,2636,2631,2639],{},[15,2637,2638],{},"abs(8)",[15,2640,2579],{},[33,2642,2643,2631,2646],{},[15,2644,2645],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2647,2596],{},[20,2649,2650,2651,94],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[293,2652,2654],{"href":2653},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[43,2656,2658],{"id":2657},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2660,2661,2663],{},[15,2662,2221],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2665,2666,2667,2669],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2668,1277],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2671,179],{},[48,2673,2675],{"className":50,"code":2674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2676,2677,2696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2678,2679,2682,2684,2687,2690,2693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2680,2681],{"class":63},"value ",[57,2683,68],{"class":67},[57,2685,2686],{"class":1023}," 3",[57,2688,2689],{"class":67}," +",[57,2691,2692],{"class":1023}," 4",[57,2694,2695],{"class":1326},"j\n",[57,2697,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2699,119],{"class":118},[57,2701,101],{"class":93},[57,2703,2255],{"class":118},[57,2705,101],{"class":93},[57,2707,2708],{"class":97},"value",[57,2710,640],{"class":93},[20,2712,243],{},[48,2714,2716],{"className":50,"code":2715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n",[15,2717,2718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2719,2720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2721,2715],{"class":1023},[20,2723,2724,2725,2085],{},"Why ",[15,2726,2727],{},"5.0",[30,2729,2730,2735,2741],{},[33,2731,2732,2733],{},"the real part is ",[15,2734,2299],{},[33,2736,2737,2738],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2739,2740],{},"4",[33,2742,2743,2744],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2745,2727],{},[20,2747,2748],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2750,2751,2758],{},[33,2752,2753,2755,2756],{},[15,2754,2221],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2757,2426],{},[33,2759,2760],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[43,2762,2764],{"id":2763},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2766,2767,2768,94],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2769,2221],{},[572,2771,2773],{"id":2772},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2775,2776],{},"A very common pattern is:",[48,2778,2780],{"className":50,"code":2779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2781,2782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2783,2784,2786,2788,2791,2793,2796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2785,2255],{"class":118},[57,2787,101],{"class":93},[57,2789,2790],{"class":97},"a ",[57,2792,1415],{"class":67},[57,2794,2795],{"class":97}," b",[57,2797,112],{"class":93},[20,2799,179],{},[48,2801,2803],{"className":50,"code":2802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2804,2805,2814,2824,2828,2847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2806,2807,2809,2811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2808,2790],{"class":63},[57,2810,68],{"class":67},[57,2812,2813],{"class":1023}," 3\n",[57,2815,2816,2819,2821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2817,2818],{"class":63},"b ",[57,2820,68],{"class":67},[57,2822,2823],{"class":1023}," 10\n",[57,2825,2826],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2827,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,2829,2830,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841,2843,2845],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,2831,2832],{"class":63},"distance ",[57,2834,68],{"class":67},[57,2836,2468],{"class":118},[57,2838,101],{"class":93},[57,2840,2790],{"class":97},[57,2842,1415],{"class":67},[57,2844,2795],{"class":97},[57,2846,112],{"class":93},[57,2848,2849,2851,2853,2856],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,2850,119],{"class":118},[57,2852,101],{"class":93},[57,2854,2855],{"class":97},"distance",[57,2857,112],{"class":93},[20,2859,243],{},[48,2861,2862],{"className":50,"code":2316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2863,2864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2865,2866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2867,2316],{"class":1023},[20,2869,2870],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[572,2872,2874],{"id":2873},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[48,2876,2878],{"className":50,"code":2877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2879,2880,2892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2881,2882,2885,2887,2889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2883,2884],{"class":63},"temperature_change ",[57,2886,68],{"class":67},[57,2888,2455],{"class":67},[57,2890,2891],{"class":1023},"6\n",[57,2893,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2905],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2895,119],{"class":118},[57,2897,101],{"class":93},[57,2899,2255],{"class":118},[57,2901,101],{"class":93},[57,2903,2904],{"class":97},"temperature_change",[57,2906,640],{"class":93},[20,2908,243],{},[48,2910,2911],{"className":50,"code":2891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2912,2913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2914,2915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2916,2891],{"class":1023},[20,2918,2919],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[572,2921,2923],{"id":2922},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2925,2926,2927,2538],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2928,2221],{},[48,2930,2932],{"className":50,"code":2931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2933,2934,2946,2962,2966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2935,2936,2939,2941,2943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2937,2938],{"class":63},"balance_change ",[57,2940,68],{"class":67},[57,2942,2455],{"class":67},[57,2944,2945],{"class":1023},"25\n",[57,2947,2948,2951,2953,2955,2957,2960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,2949,2950],{"class":63},"safe_value ",[57,2952,68],{"class":67},[57,2954,2468],{"class":118},[57,2956,101],{"class":93},[57,2958,2959],{"class":97},"balance_change",[57,2961,112],{"class":93},[57,2963,2964],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,2965,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,2967,2968,2970,2972,2975],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,2969,119],{"class":118},[57,2971,101],{"class":93},[57,2973,2974],{"class":97},"safe_value",[57,2976,112],{"class":93},[20,2978,243],{},[48,2980,2981],{"className":50,"code":2945,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2982,2983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2984,2985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2986,2945],{"class":1023},[572,2988,2990],{"id":2989},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[48,2992,2994],{"className":50,"code":2993,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2995,2996,3006,3016,3020,3040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2997,2998,3001,3003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2999,3000],{"class":63},"guess ",[57,3002,68],{"class":67},[57,3004,3005],{"class":1023}," 42\n",[57,3007,3008,3011,3013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3009,3010],{"class":63},"target ",[57,3012,68],{"class":67},[57,3014,3015],{"class":1023}," 50\n",[57,3017,3018],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3019,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,3021,3022,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3038],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,3023,3024],{"class":63},"difference ",[57,3026,68],{"class":67},[57,3028,2468],{"class":118},[57,3030,101],{"class":93},[57,3032,3000],{"class":97},[57,3034,1415],{"class":67},[57,3036,3037],{"class":97}," target",[57,3039,112],{"class":93},[57,3041,3042,3044,3046,3049],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,3043,119],{"class":118},[57,3045,101],{"class":93},[57,3047,3048],{"class":97},"difference",[57,3050,112],{"class":93},[20,3052,243],{},[48,3054,3055],{"className":50,"code":2615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3056,3057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3058,3059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3060,2615],{"class":1023},[20,3062,3063],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[43,3065,1673],{"id":1672},[572,3067,3069],{"id":3068},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3071,3072],{},"This causes an error:",[48,3074,3076],{"className":50,"code":3075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3077,3078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3079,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3081,119],{"class":118},[57,3083,101],{"class":93},[57,3085,2255],{"class":118},[57,3087,101],{"class":93},[57,3089,104],{"class":71},[57,3091,2372],{"class":75},[57,3093,104],{"class":71},[57,3095,640],{"class":93},[20,3097,3098,3101,3102,3104],{},[15,3099,3100],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3103,2221],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3106,3107,3108,3114,3115,1016],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[293,3109,3111],{"href":3110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3112,3113],{},"int()"," or ",[293,3116,3118],{"href":3117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3119,3120],{},"float()",[48,3122,3124],{"className":50,"code":3123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3125,3126,3148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3127,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3129,119],{"class":118},[57,3131,101],{"class":93},[57,3133,2255],{"class":118},[57,3135,101],{"class":93},[57,3137,2423],{"class":1256},[57,3139,101],{"class":93},[57,3141,104],{"class":71},[57,3143,2372],{"class":75},[57,3145,104],{"class":71},[57,3147,2028],{"class":93},[57,3149,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160,3162,3164,3167,3169],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3151,119],{"class":118},[57,3153,101],{"class":93},[57,3155,2255],{"class":118},[57,3157,101],{"class":93},[57,3159,2426],{"class":1256},[57,3161,101],{"class":93},[57,3163,104],{"class":71},[57,3165,3166],{"class":75},"-3.2",[57,3168,104],{"class":71},[57,3170,2028],{"class":93},[20,3172,243],{},[48,3174,3176],{"className":50,"code":3175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3177,3178,3183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3179,3180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3181,3182],{"class":1023},"5\n",[57,3184,3185],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3186,3187],{"class":1023},"3.2\n",[20,3189,3190,3191,3194,3195,94],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3192,3193],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[293,3196,3198],{"href":3197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[572,3200,3202],{"id":3201},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3204,3205],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[48,3207,3209],{"className":50,"code":3208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3210,3211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3212,3213,3215,3217,3219,3222,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3214,119],{"class":118},[57,3216,101],{"class":93},[57,3218,2255],{"class":118},[57,3220,3221],{"class":93},"([",[57,3223,3224],{"class":1023},"1",[57,3226,107],{"class":93},[57,3228,1024],{"class":1023},[57,3230,107],{"class":93},[57,3232,2686],{"class":1023},[57,3234,3235],{"class":93},"]))\n",[20,3237,3238,3239,3242],{},"This raises a ",[15,3240,3241],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[572,3244,3246],{"id":3245},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3248,3249,3251],{},[15,3250,2221],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[48,3253,3255],{"className":50,"code":3254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3256,3257,3269,3279,3283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3258,3259,3262,3264,3266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3260,3261],{"class":63},"x ",[57,3263,68],{"class":67},[57,3265,2455],{"class":67},[57,3267,3268],{"class":1023},"9\n",[57,3270,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3272,2255],{"class":118},[57,3274,101],{"class":93},[57,3276,2409],{"class":97},[57,3278,112],{"class":93},[57,3280,3281],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3282,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,3284,3285,3287,3289,3291],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,3286,119],{"class":118},[57,3288,101],{"class":93},[57,3290,2409],{"class":97},[57,3292,112],{"class":93},[20,3294,243],{},[48,3296,3298],{"className":50,"code":3297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-9\n",[15,3299,3300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3301,3302,3304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3303,1415],{"class":67},[57,3305,3268],{"class":1023},[20,3307,3308],{},"If you want to store the result:",[48,3310,3312],{"className":50,"code":3311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3313,3314,3324,3338,3342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3315,3316,3318,3320,3322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3317,3261],{"class":63},[57,3319,68],{"class":67},[57,3321,2455],{"class":67},[57,3323,3268],{"class":1023},[57,3325,3326,3328,3330,3332,3334,3336],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3327,3261],{"class":63},[57,3329,68],{"class":67},[57,3331,2468],{"class":118},[57,3333,101],{"class":93},[57,3335,2409],{"class":97},[57,3337,112],{"class":93},[57,3339,3340],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3341,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,3343,3344,3346,3348,3350],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,3345,119],{"class":118},[57,3347,101],{"class":93},[57,3349,2409],{"class":97},[57,3351,112],{"class":93},[20,3353,243],{},[48,3355,3356],{"className":50,"code":3268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3357,3358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3359,3360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3361,3268],{"class":1023},[572,3363,3365],{"id":3364},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3367,3368,3370],{},[15,3369,2221],{}," does not round numbers.",[48,3372,3374],{"className":50,"code":3373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3375,3376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3377,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3379,119],{"class":118},[57,3381,101],{"class":93},[57,3383,2255],{"class":118},[57,3385,101],{"class":93},[57,3387,1415],{"class":67},[57,3389,3390],{"class":1023},"4.7",[57,3392,640],{"class":93},[20,3394,243],{},[48,3396,3398],{"className":50,"code":3397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.7\n",[15,3399,3400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3401,3402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3403,3397],{"class":1023},[20,3405,3406,3407,3409,3410,3412],{},"If you expected ",[15,3408,2372],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3411,2221],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[43,3414,3416],{"id":3415},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3418,3419,3421],{},[15,3420,2221],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3423,3424,3431,3438],{},[33,3425,3426,3428,3429],{},[15,3427,2423],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3430,2423],{},[33,3432,3433,3435,3436],{},[15,3434,2426],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3437,2426],{},[33,3439,3440,3435,3442],{},[15,3441,2429],{},[15,3443,2426],{},[20,3445,179],{},[48,3447,3449],{"className":50,"code":3448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3450,3451,3471,3492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3452,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467,3469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3454,119],{"class":118},[57,3456,101],{"class":93},[57,3458,1257],{"class":1256},[57,3460,101],{"class":93},[57,3462,2255],{"class":118},[57,3464,101],{"class":93},[57,3466,1415],{"class":67},[57,3468,2372],{"class":1023},[57,3470,2028],{"class":93},[57,3472,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3485,3487,3490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3474,119],{"class":118},[57,3476,101],{"class":93},[57,3478,1257],{"class":1256},[57,3480,101],{"class":93},[57,3482,2255],{"class":118},[57,3484,101],{"class":93},[57,3486,1415],{"class":67},[57,3488,3489],{"class":1023},"3.2",[57,3491,2028],{"class":93},[57,3493,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510,3512,3514],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3495,119],{"class":118},[57,3497,101],{"class":93},[57,3499,1257],{"class":1256},[57,3501,101],{"class":93},[57,3503,2255],{"class":118},[57,3505,101],{"class":93},[57,3507,2299],{"class":1023},[57,3509,2689],{"class":67},[57,3511,2692],{"class":1023},[57,3513,2302],{"class":1326},[57,3515,2028],{"class":93},[20,3517,243],{},[48,3519,3521],{"className":50,"code":3520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3522,3523,3537,3551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3524,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3526,1323],{"class":67},[57,3528,1327],{"class":1326},[57,3530,271],{"class":71},[57,3532,2423],{"class":75},[57,3534,261],{"class":71},[57,3536,1336],{"class":67},[57,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3540,1323],{"class":67},[57,3542,1327],{"class":1326},[57,3544,271],{"class":71},[57,3546,2426],{"class":75},[57,3548,261],{"class":71},[57,3550,1336],{"class":67},[57,3552,3553,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3554,1323],{"class":67},[57,3556,1327],{"class":1326},[57,3558,271],{"class":71},[57,3560,2426],{"class":75},[57,3562,261],{"class":71},[57,3564,1336],{"class":67},[20,3566,3567],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3569,3570],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3572,3573],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[48,3575,3577],{"className":50,"code":3576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3578,3579,3592,3602,3616,3620,3634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3580,3581,3583,3585,3587,3590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3582,2681],{"class":63},[57,3584,68],{"class":67},[57,3586,72],{"class":71},[57,3588,3589],{"class":75},"-5",[57,3591,79],{"class":71},[57,3593,3594,3596,3598,3600],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3595,119],{"class":118},[57,3597,101],{"class":93},[57,3599,2708],{"class":97},[57,3601,112],{"class":93},[57,3603,3604,3606,3608,3610,3612,3614],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3605,119],{"class":118},[57,3607,101],{"class":93},[57,3609,1257],{"class":1256},[57,3611,101],{"class":93},[57,3613,2708],{"class":97},[57,3615,640],{"class":93},[57,3617,3618],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,3619,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,3621,3622,3625,3627,3629,3632],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,3623,3624],{"class":63},"user_input ",[57,3626,68],{"class":67},[57,3628,72],{"class":71},[57,3630,3631],{"class":75},"-3.7",[57,3633,79],{"class":71},[57,3635,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3651],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,3637,119],{"class":118},[57,3639,101],{"class":93},[57,3641,2255],{"class":118},[57,3643,101],{"class":93},[57,3645,2426],{"class":1256},[57,3647,101],{"class":93},[57,3649,3650],{"class":97},"user_input",[57,3652,2028],{"class":93},[20,3654,243],{},[48,3656,3658],{"className":50,"code":3657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3659,3660,3666,3681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3661,3662,3664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3663,1415],{"class":67},[57,3665,3182],{"class":1023},[57,3667,3668,3670,3672,3674,3677,3679],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3669,1323],{"class":67},[57,3671,1327],{"class":1326},[57,3673,271],{"class":71},[57,3675,3676],{"class":75},"str",[57,3678,261],{"class":71},[57,3680,1336],{"class":67},[57,3682,3683],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3684,3685],{"class":1023},"3.7\n",[43,3687,2075],{"id":2074},[572,3689,3691],{"id":3690},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3693,3694],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[572,3696,3698],{"id":3697},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3700,3701],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[572,3703,3705],{"id":3704},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3707,3708],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[572,3710,3712],{"id":3711},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3714,3715,3717,3718,3114,3720,3722,3723,94],{},[15,3716,3193],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3719,3113],{},[15,3721,3120],{}," before using ",[15,3724,2221],{},[572,3726,3728],{"id":3727},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3730,3731],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[43,3733,2132],{"id":2131},[30,3735,3736,3743,3749,3755,3760],{},[33,3737,3738],{},[293,3739,3740,3742],{"href":3110},[15,3741,3113],{}," function explained",[33,3744,3745],{},[293,3746,3747,3742],{"href":3117},[15,3748,3120],{},[33,3750,3751],{},[293,3752,3753,3742],{"href":2533},[15,3754,2536],{},[33,3756,3757],{},[293,3758,3759],{"href":3197},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3761,3762],{},[293,3763,2654],{"href":2653},[2161,3765,3766],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":3768},[3769,3770,3771,3772,3773,3774,3780,3786,3787,3794],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":2334,"depth":82,"text":2335},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":2541,"depth":82,"text":2542},{"id":2657,"depth":82,"text":2658},{"id":2763,"depth":82,"text":2764,"children":3775},[3776,3777,3778,3779],{"id":2772,"depth":115,"text":2773},{"id":2873,"depth":115,"text":2874},{"id":2922,"depth":115,"text":2923},{"id":2989,"depth":115,"text":2990},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":3781},[3782,3783,3784,3785],{"id":3068,"depth":115,"text":3069},{"id":3201,"depth":115,"text":3202},{"id":3245,"depth":115,"text":3246},{"id":3364,"depth":115,"text":3365},{"id":3415,"depth":82,"text":3416},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":3788},[3789,3790,3791,3792,3793],{"id":3690,"depth":115,"text":3691},{"id":3697,"depth":115,"text":3698},{"id":3704,"depth":115,"text":3705},{"id":3711,"depth":115,"text":3712},{"id":3727,"depth":115,"text":3728},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2210,"description":3795},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3802,"title":3803,"body":3804,"description":5503,"extension":2201,"meta":5504,"navigation":217,"path":5505,"seo":5506,"stem":5507,"__hash__":5508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3805,"toc":5467},[3806,3814,3820,3823,3840,3844,3900,3910,3915,3919,3938,3941,3958,3961,3965,3973,3990,3993,4032,4035,4042,4048,4123,4125,4156,4162,4166,4170,4209,4211,4220,4227,4231,4270,4272,4281,4291,4295,4348,4350,4358,4361,4364,4411,4413,4421,4427,4434,4439,4442,4445,4512,4514,4522,4525,4592,4594,4602,4616,4619,4630,4634,4640,4643,4645,4661,4663,4671,4674,4677,4680,4697,4700,4703,4733,4735,4748,4752,4756,4759,4774,4779,4782,4809,4816,4819,4859,4865,4871,4879,4882,4934,4941,5005,5010,5019,5022,5040,5046,5049,5191,5196,5201,5204,5215,5218,5274,5276,5284,5287,5346,5348,5356,5359,5370,5372,5378,5387,5396,5399,5406,5409,5417,5430,5432,5464],[10,3807,3809,3810,3813],{"id":3808},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3811,3812],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3815,3816,3817,3819],{},"Python’s ",[15,3818,3812],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3821,3822],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3824,3825,3828,3831],{},[33,3826,3827],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3829,3830],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3832,3833,2631,3836,3839],{},[15,3834,3835],{},"all([])",[15,3837,3838],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[43,3841,3843],{"id":3842},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[48,3845,3847],{"className":50,"code":3846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3848,3849,3870,3886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3850,3851,3854,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3852,3853],{"class":63},"numbers ",[57,3855,68],{"class":67},[57,3857,1380],{"class":93},[57,3859,3224],{"class":1023},[57,3861,107],{"class":93},[57,3863,1024],{"class":1023},[57,3865,107],{"class":93},[57,3867,2686],{"class":1023},[57,3869,288],{"class":93},[57,3871,3872,3874,3876,3879,3881,3884],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,3873,2463],{"class":63},[57,3875,68],{"class":67},[57,3877,3878],{"class":118}," all",[57,3880,101],{"class":93},[57,3882,3883],{"class":97},"numbers",[57,3885,112],{"class":93},[57,3887,3888,3890,3892,3894,3897],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,3889,119],{"class":118},[57,3891,101],{"class":93},[57,3893,2498],{"class":97},[57,3895,3896],{"class":93},")",[57,3898,3899],{"class":132},"  # True\n",[20,3901,3902,2631,3904,3906,3907,94],{},[15,3903,3812],{},[15,3905,3838],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3908,3909],{},"False",[43,3911,143,3913,146],{"id":3912},"what-all-does",[15,3914,3812],{},[20,3916,3917,1016],{},[15,3918,3812],{},[30,3920,3921,3924,3930,3935],{},[33,3922,3923],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3925,3926,3927,3929],{},"returns ",[15,3928,3838],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3931,3926,3932,3934],{},[15,3933,3909],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3936,3937],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3939,3940],{},"Basic syntax:",[48,3942,3944],{"className":50,"code":3943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3945,3946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3947,3948,3951,3953,3956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3949,3950],{"class":118},"all",[57,3952,101],{"class":93},[57,3954,3955],{"class":97},"iterable",[57,3957,112],{"class":93},[20,3959,3960],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[43,3962,3964],{"id":3963},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3966,3967,3968,3114,3970,3972],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3969,3838],{},[15,3971,3909],{}," in conditions.",[30,3974,3975,3983],{},[33,3976,3977,3980,3981],{},[153,3978,3979],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3982,3838],{},[33,3984,3985,3980,3988],{},[153,3986,3987],{},"Falsy",[15,3989,3909],{},[20,3991,3992],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3994,3995,3999,4004,4008,4013,4017,4022,4027],{},[33,3996,3997],{},[15,3998,1277],{},[33,4000,4001],{},[15,4002,4003],{},"0.0",[33,4005,4006],{},[15,4007,1565],{},[33,4009,4010],{},[15,4011,4012],{},"None",[33,4014,4015],{},[15,4016,3909],{},[33,4018,4019],{},[15,4020,4021],{},"[]",[33,4023,4024],{},[15,4025,4026],{},"{}",[33,4028,4029],{},[15,4030,4031],{},"set()",[20,4033,4034],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4036,4037,4038,94],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[293,4039,4041],{"href":4040},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4043,4044,4045,1016],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4046,4047],{},"bool()",[48,4049,4051],{"className":50,"code":4050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4052,4053,4089,4093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4054,4055,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066,4069,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4056,4057],{"class":63},"values ",[57,4059,68],{"class":67},[57,4061,1380],{"class":93},[57,4063,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4065,107],{"class":93},[57,4067,4068],{"class":1023}," 0",[57,4070,107],{"class":93},[57,4072,692],{"class":71},[57,4074,107],{"class":93},[57,4076,271],{"class":71},[57,4078,1590],{"class":75},[57,4080,261],{"class":71},[57,4082,107],{"class":93},[57,4084,4086],{"class":4085},"s39Yj"," None",[57,4088,288],{"class":93},[57,4090,4091],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4092,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,4094,4095,4097,4099,4102,4104,4106,4108,4112,4115,4118,4121],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,4096,119],{"class":118},[57,4098,3221],{"class":93},[57,4100,4101],{"class":1256},"bool",[57,4103,101],{"class":93},[57,4105,2409],{"class":97},[57,4107,3896],{"class":93},[57,4109,4111],{"class":4110},"sVHd0"," for",[57,4113,4114],{"class":97}," x ",[57,4116,4117],{"class":4110},"in",[57,4119,4120],{"class":97}," values",[57,4122,1280],{"class":93},[20,4124,243],{},[48,4126,4128],{"className":50,"code":4127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4129,4130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4141,4143,4145,4147,4150,4152,4154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4133,258],{"class":93},[57,4135,3838],{"class":4085},[57,4137,107],{"class":93},[57,4139,4140],{"class":4085}," False",[57,4142,107],{"class":93},[57,4144,4140],{"class":4085},[57,4146,107],{"class":93},[57,4148,4149],{"class":4085}," True",[57,4151,107],{"class":93},[57,4153,4140],{"class":4085},[57,4155,288],{"class":93},[20,4157,4158,4159,4161],{},"This matters because ",[15,4160,3812],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[43,4163,4165],{"id":4164},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[572,4167,4169],{"id":4168},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[48,4171,4173],{"className":50,"code":4172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4174,4175,4195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4176,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4178,3853],{"class":63},[57,4180,68],{"class":67},[57,4182,1380],{"class":93},[57,4184,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4186,107],{"class":93},[57,4188,1024],{"class":1023},[57,4190,107],{"class":93},[57,4192,2686],{"class":1023},[57,4194,288],{"class":93},[57,4196,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4198,119],{"class":118},[57,4200,101],{"class":93},[57,4202,3950],{"class":118},[57,4204,101],{"class":93},[57,4206,3883],{"class":97},[57,4208,640],{"class":93},[20,4210,243],{},[48,4212,4214],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n",[15,4215,4216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4217,4218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4219,4213],{"class":4085},[20,4221,4222,4223,2631,4225,94],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4224,3812],{},[15,4226,3838],{},[572,4228,4230],{"id":4229},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[48,4232,4234],{"className":50,"code":4233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4235,4236,4256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4237,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4239,3853],{"class":63},[57,4241,68],{"class":67},[57,4243,1380],{"class":93},[57,4245,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4247,107],{"class":93},[57,4249,4068],{"class":1023},[57,4251,107],{"class":93},[57,4253,2686],{"class":1023},[57,4255,288],{"class":93},[57,4257,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4259,119],{"class":118},[57,4261,101],{"class":93},[57,4263,3950],{"class":118},[57,4265,101],{"class":93},[57,4267,3883],{"class":97},[57,4269,640],{"class":93},[20,4271,243],{},[48,4273,4275],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\n",[15,4276,4277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4278,4279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4280,4274],{"class":4085},[20,4282,4283,4284,4286,4287,2631,4289,94],{},"The value ",[15,4285,1277],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4288,3812],{},[15,4290,3909],{},[572,4292,4294],{"id":4293},"example-strings","Example: strings",[48,4296,4298],{"className":50,"code":4297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4299,4300,4333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4301,4302,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4303,4304],{"class":63},"words ",[57,4306,68],{"class":67},[57,4308,1380],{"class":93},[57,4310,261],{"class":71},[57,4312,836],{"class":75},[57,4314,261],{"class":71},[57,4316,107],{"class":93},[57,4318,271],{"class":71},[57,4320,845],{"class":75},[57,4322,261],{"class":71},[57,4324,107],{"class":93},[57,4326,271],{"class":71},[57,4328,854],{"class":75},[57,4330,261],{"class":71},[57,4332,288],{"class":93},[57,4334,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4336,119],{"class":118},[57,4338,101],{"class":93},[57,4340,3950],{"class":118},[57,4342,101],{"class":93},[57,4344,4345],{"class":97},"words",[57,4347,640],{"class":93},[20,4349,243],{},[48,4351,4352],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4353,4354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4355,4356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4357,4213],{"class":4085},[20,4359,4360],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4362,4363],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[48,4365,4367],{"className":50,"code":4366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4368,4369,4397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4370,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4372,4304],{"class":63},[57,4374,68],{"class":67},[57,4376,1380],{"class":93},[57,4378,261],{"class":71},[57,4380,836],{"class":75},[57,4382,261],{"class":71},[57,4384,107],{"class":93},[57,4386,692],{"class":71},[57,4388,107],{"class":93},[57,4390,271],{"class":71},[57,4392,854],{"class":75},[57,4394,261],{"class":71},[57,4396,288],{"class":93},[57,4398,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4400,119],{"class":118},[57,4402,101],{"class":93},[57,4404,3950],{"class":118},[57,4406,101],{"class":93},[57,4408,4345],{"class":97},[57,4410,640],{"class":93},[20,4412,243],{},[48,4414,4415],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4416,4417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4418,4419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4420,4274],{"class":4085},[20,4422,4423,4424,4426],{},"The empty string ",[15,4425,1565],{}," is falsy.",[43,4428,4430,4431,4433],{"id":4429},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4432,3812],{}," works with conditions",[20,4435,4436,4438],{},[15,4437,3812],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4440,4441],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4443,4444],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[48,4446,4448],{"className":50,"code":4447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4449,4450,4470,4498,4502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4451,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4453,3853],{"class":63},[57,4455,68],{"class":67},[57,4457,1380],{"class":93},[57,4459,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4461,107],{"class":93},[57,4463,1024],{"class":1023},[57,4465,107],{"class":93},[57,4467,2686],{"class":1023},[57,4469,288],{"class":93},[57,4471,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4496],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4473,2463],{"class":63},[57,4475,68],{"class":67},[57,4477,3878],{"class":118},[57,4479,101],{"class":93},[57,4481,3261],{"class":97},[57,4483,4484],{"class":67},">",[57,4486,4068],{"class":1023},[57,4488,4111],{"class":4110},[57,4490,4114],{"class":97},[57,4492,4117],{"class":4110},[57,4494,4495],{"class":97}," numbers",[57,4497,112],{"class":93},[57,4499,4500],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,4501,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,4503,4504,4506,4508,4510],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,4505,119],{"class":118},[57,4507,101],{"class":93},[57,4509,2498],{"class":97},[57,4511,112],{"class":93},[20,4513,243],{},[48,4515,4516],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4517,4518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4519,4520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4521,4213],{"class":4085},[20,4523,4524],{},"Here is one that fails:",[48,4526,4528],{"className":50,"code":4527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4529,4530,4552,4578,4582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4531,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546,4548,4550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4533,3853],{"class":63},[57,4535,68],{"class":67},[57,4537,1380],{"class":93},[57,4539,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4541,107],{"class":93},[57,4543,2455],{"class":67},[57,4545,1931],{"class":1023},[57,4547,107],{"class":93},[57,4549,2686],{"class":1023},[57,4551,288],{"class":93},[57,4553,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4555,2463],{"class":63},[57,4557,68],{"class":67},[57,4559,3878],{"class":118},[57,4561,101],{"class":93},[57,4563,3261],{"class":97},[57,4565,4484],{"class":67},[57,4567,4068],{"class":1023},[57,4569,4111],{"class":4110},[57,4571,4114],{"class":97},[57,4573,4117],{"class":4110},[57,4575,4495],{"class":97},[57,4577,112],{"class":93},[57,4579,4580],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,4581,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,4585,119],{"class":118},[57,4587,101],{"class":93},[57,4589,2498],{"class":97},[57,4591,112],{"class":93},[20,4593,243],{},[48,4595,4596],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4597,4598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4599,4600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4601,4274],{"class":4085},[20,4603,4604,4605,4608,4609,4611,4612,2631,4614,94],{},"The expression ",[15,4606,4607],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4610,3838],{},", then ",[15,4613,3812],{},[15,4615,3838],{},[20,4617,4618],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4620,4621,4622,2082,4626,94],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[293,4623,4625],{"href":4624},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[293,4627,4629],{"href":4628},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[43,4631,4633],{"id":4632},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4635,4636,2631,4638,94],{},[15,4637,3835],{},[15,4639,3838],{},[20,4641,4642],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4644,179],{},[48,4646,4648],{"className":50,"code":4647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4649,4650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4651,4652,4654,4656,4658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4653,119],{"class":118},[57,4655,101],{"class":93},[57,4657,3950],{"class":118},[57,4659,4660],{"class":93},"([]))\n",[20,4662,243],{},[48,4664,4665],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4666,4667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4668,4669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4670,4213],{"class":4085},[20,4672,4673],{},"Why?",[20,4675,4676],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4678,4679],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4681,4682,4689,4692],{},[33,4683,4684,2631,4686,4688],{},[15,4685,3812],{},[15,4687,3909],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4690,4691],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4693,4694,4695],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4696,3909],{},[20,4698,4699],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4701,4702],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[48,4704,4706],{"className":50,"code":4705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4707,4708,4719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4709,4710,4712,4714,4716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4711,119],{"class":118},[57,4713,101],{"class":93},[57,4715,3950],{"class":118},[57,4717,4718],{"class":93},"(()))\n",[57,4720,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4722,119],{"class":118},[57,4724,101],{"class":93},[57,4726,3950],{"class":118},[57,4728,101],{"class":93},[57,4730,1565],{"class":71},[57,4732,640],{"class":93},[20,4734,243],{},[48,4736,4738],{"className":50,"code":4737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4739,4740,4744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4741,4742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4743,4213],{"class":4085},[57,4745,4746],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4747,4213],{"class":4085},[43,4749,4751],{"id":4750},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[572,4753,4755],{"id":4754},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4757,4758],{},"This is wrong:",[48,4760,4762],{"className":50,"code":4761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4763,4764,4769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4765,4766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4767,4768],{"class":132},"# Wrong\n",[57,4770,4771],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4772,4773],{"class":132},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4775,4776,4778],{},[15,4777,3812],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4780,4781],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[48,4783,4785],{"className":50,"code":4784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4786,4787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4788,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4790,119],{"class":118},[57,4792,101],{"class":93},[57,4794,3950],{"class":118},[57,4796,3221],{"class":93},[57,4798,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4800,107],{"class":93},[57,4802,1024],{"class":1023},[57,4804,107],{"class":93},[57,4806,2686],{"class":1023},[57,4808,3235],{"class":93},[572,4810,4812,4813,4815],{"id":4811},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4814,3812],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4817,4818],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[48,4820,4822],{"className":50,"code":4821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4823,4824,4845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4825,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4839,4841,4843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4827,3853],{"class":63},[57,4829,68],{"class":67},[57,4831,1380],{"class":93},[57,4833,2372],{"class":1023},[57,4835,107],{"class":93},[57,4837,4838],{"class":1023}," 5",[57,4840,107],{"class":93},[57,4842,4838],{"class":1023},[57,4844,288],{"class":93},[57,4846,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4848,119],{"class":118},[57,4850,101],{"class":93},[57,4852,3950],{"class":118},[57,4854,101],{"class":93},[57,4856,3883],{"class":97},[57,4858,640],{"class":93},[20,4860,4861,4862,4864],{},"This does ",[153,4863,175],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4866,4867,4868,4870],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4869,2372],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[48,4872,4873],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4874,4875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4876,4877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4878,4213],{"class":4085},[20,4880,4881],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[48,4883,4885],{"className":50,"code":4884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4886,4887,4907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4888,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4890,3853],{"class":63},[57,4892,68],{"class":67},[57,4894,1380],{"class":93},[57,4896,2372],{"class":1023},[57,4898,107],{"class":93},[57,4900,4838],{"class":1023},[57,4902,107],{"class":93},[57,4904,4838],{"class":1023},[57,4906,288],{"class":93},[57,4908,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4910,119],{"class":118},[57,4912,101],{"class":93},[57,4914,3950],{"class":118},[57,4916,101],{"class":93},[57,4918,3261],{"class":97},[57,4920,4921],{"class":67},"==",[57,4923,4838],{"class":1023},[57,4925,4111],{"class":4110},[57,4927,4114],{"class":97},[57,4929,4117],{"class":4110},[57,4931,4495],{"class":97},[57,4933,640],{"class":93},[572,4935,4937,4938,4940],{"id":4936},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4939,1277],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[48,4942,4944],{"className":50,"code":4943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4945,4946,4972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4947,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4949,119],{"class":118},[57,4951,101],{"class":93},[57,4953,3950],{"class":118},[57,4955,3221],{"class":93},[57,4957,3224],{"class":1023},[57,4959,107],{"class":93},[57,4961,1024],{"class":1023},[57,4963,107],{"class":93},[57,4965,4068],{"class":1023},[57,4967,4968],{"class":93},"]))",[57,4970,4971],{"class":132},"       # False\n",[57,4973,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,4975,119],{"class":118},[57,4977,101],{"class":93},[57,4979,3950],{"class":118},[57,4981,3221],{"class":93},[57,4983,261],{"class":71},[57,4985,293],{"class":75},[57,4987,261],{"class":71},[57,4989,107],{"class":93},[57,4991,271],{"class":71},[57,4993,664],{"class":75},[57,4995,261],{"class":71},[57,4997,107],{"class":93},[57,4999,692],{"class":71},[57,5001,4968],{"class":93},[57,5003,5004],{"class":132},"  # False\n",[20,5006,5007,5008,94],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5009,3909],{},[572,5011,5013,5014,5016,5017],{"id":5012},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5015,3835],{}," is ",[15,5018,3838],{},[20,5020,5021],{},"This is expected behavior:",[48,5023,5025],{"className":50,"code":5024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5026,5027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035,5038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5030,119],{"class":118},[57,5032,101],{"class":93},[57,5034,3950],{"class":118},[57,5036,5037],{"class":93},"([]))",[57,5039,3899],{"class":132},[20,5041,5042,5043,5045],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5044,3838],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5047,5048],{},"Useful quick tests:",[48,5050,5052],{"className":50,"code":5051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5053,5054,5076,5098,5145,5181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5055,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5057,119],{"class":118},[57,5059,101],{"class":93},[57,5061,3950],{"class":118},[57,5063,3221],{"class":93},[57,5065,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5067,107],{"class":93},[57,5069,1024],{"class":1023},[57,5071,107],{"class":93},[57,5073,2686],{"class":1023},[57,5075,3235],{"class":93},[57,5077,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5079,119],{"class":118},[57,5081,101],{"class":93},[57,5083,3950],{"class":118},[57,5085,3221],{"class":93},[57,5087,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5089,107],{"class":93},[57,5091,4068],{"class":1023},[57,5093,107],{"class":93},[57,5095,2686],{"class":1023},[57,5097,3235],{"class":93},[57,5099,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,5101,119],{"class":118},[57,5103,3221],{"class":93},[57,5105,4101],{"class":1256},[57,5107,101],{"class":93},[57,5109,2409],{"class":97},[57,5111,3896],{"class":93},[57,5113,4111],{"class":4110},[57,5115,4114],{"class":97},[57,5117,4117],{"class":4110},[57,5119,1380],{"class":93},[57,5121,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5123,107],{"class":93},[57,5125,4068],{"class":1023},[57,5127,107],{"class":93},[57,5129,692],{"class":71},[57,5131,107],{"class":93},[57,5133,271],{"class":71},[57,5135,1590],{"class":75},[57,5137,261],{"class":71},[57,5139,107],{"class":93},[57,5141,4086],{"class":4085},[57,5143,5144],{"class":93},"]])\n",[57,5146,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,5148,119],{"class":118},[57,5150,101],{"class":93},[57,5152,3950],{"class":118},[57,5154,101],{"class":93},[57,5156,3261],{"class":97},[57,5158,4484],{"class":67},[57,5160,4068],{"class":1023},[57,5162,4111],{"class":4110},[57,5164,4114],{"class":97},[57,5166,4117],{"class":4110},[57,5168,1380],{"class":93},[57,5170,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5172,107],{"class":93},[57,5174,1024],{"class":1023},[57,5176,107],{"class":93},[57,5178,2686],{"class":1023},[57,5180,3235],{"class":93},[57,5182,5183,5185,5187,5189],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,5184,119],{"class":118},[57,5186,101],{"class":93},[57,5188,3950],{"class":118},[57,5190,4660],{"class":93},[43,5192,1637,5194],{"id":5193},"when-to-use-all",[15,5195,3812],{},[20,5197,5198,5200],{},[15,5199,3812],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5202,5203],{},"Common use cases:",[30,5205,5206,5209,5212],{},[33,5207,5208],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,5210,5211],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,5213,5214],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5216,5217],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[48,5219,5221],{"className":50,"code":5220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5222,5223,5259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5224,5225,5228,5230,5232,5234,5237,5239,5241,5243,5246,5248,5250,5252,5255,5257],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5226,5227],{"class":63},"names ",[57,5229,68],{"class":67},[57,5231,1380],{"class":93},[57,5233,261],{"class":71},[57,5235,5236],{"class":75},"Alice",[57,5238,261],{"class":71},[57,5240,107],{"class":93},[57,5242,271],{"class":71},[57,5244,5245],{"class":75},"Bob",[57,5247,261],{"class":71},[57,5249,107],{"class":93},[57,5251,271],{"class":71},[57,5253,5254],{"class":75},"Charlie",[57,5256,261],{"class":71},[57,5258,288],{"class":93},[57,5260,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5272],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5262,119],{"class":118},[57,5264,101],{"class":93},[57,5266,3950],{"class":118},[57,5268,101],{"class":93},[57,5270,5271],{"class":97},"names",[57,5273,640],{"class":93},[20,5275,243],{},[48,5277,5278],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5279,5280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5281,5282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5283,4213],{"class":4085},[20,5285,5286],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[48,5288,5290],{"className":50,"code":5289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5291,5292,5316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5293,5294,5297,5299,5301,5304,5306,5309,5311,5314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5295,5296],{"class":63},"scores ",[57,5298,68],{"class":67},[57,5300,1380],{"class":93},[57,5302,5303],{"class":1023},"75",[57,5305,107],{"class":93},[57,5307,5308],{"class":1023}," 80",[57,5310,107],{"class":93},[57,5312,5313],{"class":1023}," 50",[57,5315,288],{"class":93},[57,5317,5318,5320,5322,5324,5326,5329,5332,5334,5336,5339,5341,5344],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5319,119],{"class":118},[57,5321,101],{"class":93},[57,5323,3950],{"class":118},[57,5325,101],{"class":93},[57,5327,5328],{"class":97},"score ",[57,5330,5331],{"class":67},">=",[57,5333,5313],{"class":1023},[57,5335,4111],{"class":4110},[57,5337,5338],{"class":97}," score ",[57,5340,4117],{"class":4110},[57,5342,5343],{"class":97}," scores",[57,5345,640],{"class":93},[20,5347,243],{},[48,5349,5350],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5351,5352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5353,5354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5355,4213],{"class":4085},[20,5357,5358],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5360,5361,5362,2082,5366,94],{},"For related tasks, see ",[293,5363,5365],{"href":5364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[293,5367,5369],{"href":5368},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[43,5371,2075],{"id":2074},[572,5373,2112,5375,5377],{"id":5374},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5376,3812],{}," return in Python?",[20,5379,5380,5381,5383,5384,5386],{},"It returns ",[15,5382,3838],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5385,3909],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[572,5388,5390,5391,5393,5394,2085],{"id":5389},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5392,3835],{}," return ",[15,5395,3838],{},[20,5397,5398],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[572,5400,5402,5403,5405],{"id":5401},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5404,3812],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5407,5408],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[572,5410,2079,5412,2082,5414,2085],{"id":5411},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5413,3812],{},[15,5415,5416],{},"any()",[20,5418,5419,5421,5422,5424,5425,94],{},[15,5420,3812],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5423,5416],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[293,5426,3809,5428,3742],{"href":5427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5429,5416],{},[43,5431,2132],{"id":2131},[30,5433,5434,5440,5444,5449,5454,5459],{},[33,5435,5436],{},[293,5437,3809,5438,3742],{"href":5427},[15,5439,5416],{},[33,5441,5442],{},[293,5443,4041],{"href":4040},[33,5445,5446],{},[293,5447,5448],{"href":5368},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5450,5451],{},[293,5452,5453],{"href":5364},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5455,5456],{},[293,5457,5458],{"href":4624},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5460,5461],{},[293,5462,5463],{"href":4628},"What is an iterable in Python",[2161,5465,5466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":5468},[5469,5470,5472,5473,5478,5480,5481,5490,5492,5502],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":3912,"depth":82,"text":5471},"What all() does",{"id":3963,"depth":82,"text":3964},{"id":4164,"depth":82,"text":4165,"children":5474},[5475,5476,5477],{"id":4168,"depth":115,"text":4169},{"id":4229,"depth":115,"text":4230},{"id":4293,"depth":115,"text":4294},{"id":4429,"depth":82,"text":5479},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4632,"depth":82,"text":4633},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":5482},[5483,5484,5486,5488],{"id":4754,"depth":115,"text":4755},{"id":4811,"depth":115,"text":5485},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4936,"depth":115,"text":5487},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5012,"depth":115,"text":5489},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5193,"depth":82,"text":5491},"When to use all()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":5493},[5494,5496,5498,5500],{"id":5374,"depth":115,"text":5495},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5389,"depth":115,"text":5497},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5401,"depth":115,"text":5499},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5411,"depth":115,"text":5501},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3803,"description":5503},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5510,"title":5511,"body":5512,"description":7203,"extension":2201,"meta":7204,"navigation":217,"path":5427,"seo":7205,"stem":7206,"__hash__":7207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5513,"toc":7181},[5514,5517,5525,5528,5545,5553,5597,5606,5610,5615,5618,5635,5638,5649,5661,5665,5668,5683,5688,5691,5703,5706,5790,5793,5814,5820,5822,5830,5844,5846,5880,5882,5885,5946,5948,5965,5968,5995,5997,6005,6017,6021,6024,6063,6065,6073,6075,6091,6099,6102,6145,6147,6155,6160,6164,6172,6175,6202,6205,6208,6282,6284,6292,6299,6323,6334,6337,6416,6418,6426,6433,6437,6442,6457,6459,6467,6470,6476,6479,6525,6527,6544,6548,6553,6564,6567,6682,6685,6744,6750,6752,6757,6761,6763,6782,6788,6791,6810,6814,6822,6849,6851,6859,6867,6871,6877,6900,6902,6910,6917,6921,6924,6975,6978,7029,7032,7034,7038,7045,7049,7056,7060,7068,7072,7075,7097,7099,7149,7151,7178],[10,5515,5511],{"id":5516},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5518,5519,5521,5522,94],{},[15,5520,5416],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[153,5523,5524],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5526,5527],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5529,5530,5533,5536,5539,5542],{},[33,5531,5532],{},"lists",[33,5534,5535],{},"tuples",[33,5537,5538],{},"sets",[33,5540,5541],{},"strings",[33,5543,5544],{},"generator expressions",[20,5546,5547,5548,3114,5550,5552],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5549,3838],{},[15,5551,3909],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[48,5554,5556],{"className":50,"code":5555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5557,5558,5578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5559,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5561,4057],{"class":63},[57,5563,68],{"class":67},[57,5565,1380],{"class":93},[57,5567,1277],{"class":1023},[57,5569,107],{"class":93},[57,5571,692],{"class":71},[57,5573,107],{"class":93},[57,5575,4838],{"class":1023},[57,5577,288],{"class":93},[57,5579,5580,5582,5584,5587,5589,5592,5595],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5581,119],{"class":118},[57,5583,101],{"class":93},[57,5585,5586],{"class":118},"any",[57,5588,101],{"class":93},[57,5590,5591],{"class":97},"values",[57,5593,5594],{"class":93},"))",[57,5596,3899],{"class":132},[20,5598,136,5599,5602,5603,5605],{},[15,5600,5601],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5604,3838],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[43,5607,5609],{"id":5608},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5611,5612,5614],{},[15,5613,5416],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5616,5617],{},"It returns:",[30,5619,5620,5625,5630],{},[33,5621,5622,5624],{},[15,5623,3838],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5626,5627,5629],{},[15,5628,3909],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5631,5632,5634],{},[15,5633,3909],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5636,5637],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5639,5640,5643,5646],{},[33,5641,5642],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5644,5645],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5647,5648],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5650,5651,5652,5655,5656,94],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[153,5653,5654],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[293,5657,5659],{"href":5658},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5660,3812],{},[43,5662,5664],{"id":5663},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5666,5667],{},"The syntax is simple:",[48,5669,5671],{"className":50,"code":5670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5672,5673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5674,5675,5677,5679,5681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5676,5586],{"class":118},[57,5678,101],{"class":93},[57,5680,3955],{"class":97},[57,5682,112],{"class":93},[20,5684,5685,5686,94],{},"The argument must be an ",[153,5687,3955],{},[20,5689,5690],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5692,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701],{},[33,5694,5532],{},[33,5696,5535],{},[33,5698,5538],{},[33,5700,5541],{},[33,5702,5544],{},[20,5704,5705],{},"For example:",[48,5707,5709],{"className":50,"code":5708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5710,5711,5733,5752,5772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727,5729,5731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5714,119],{"class":118},[57,5716,101],{"class":93},[57,5718,5586],{"class":118},[57,5720,3221],{"class":93},[57,5722,1277],{"class":1023},[57,5724,107],{"class":93},[57,5726,4068],{"class":1023},[57,5728,107],{"class":93},[57,5730,1143],{"class":1023},[57,5732,3235],{"class":93},[57,5734,5735,5737,5739,5741,5744,5746,5748,5750],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5736,119],{"class":118},[57,5738,101],{"class":93},[57,5740,5586],{"class":118},[57,5742,5743],{"class":93},"((",[57,5745,3909],{"class":4085},[57,5747,107],{"class":93},[57,5749,4140],{"class":4085},[57,5751,2028],{"class":93},[57,5753,5754,5756,5758,5760,5763,5765,5767,5769],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,5755,119],{"class":118},[57,5757,101],{"class":93},[57,5759,5586],{"class":118},[57,5761,5762],{"class":93},"({",[57,5764,1277],{"class":1023},[57,5766,107],{"class":93},[57,5768,1024],{"class":1023},[57,5770,5771],{"class":93},"}))\n",[57,5773,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,5775,119],{"class":118},[57,5777,101],{"class":93},[57,5779,5586],{"class":118},[57,5781,101],{"class":93},[57,5783,104],{"class":71},[57,5785,1590],{"class":75},[57,5787,104],{"class":71},[57,5789,640],{"class":93},[20,5791,5792],{},"Expected output:",[48,5794,5796],{"className":50,"code":5795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5797,5798,5802,5806,5810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5799,5800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5801,4213],{"class":4085},[57,5803,5804],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5805,4274],{"class":4085},[57,5807,5808],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,5809,4213],{"class":4085},[57,5811,5812],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,5813,4213],{"class":4085},[20,5815,5816,5817,94],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[293,5818,5369],{"href":5819},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[43,5821,3964],{"id":3963},[20,5823,3967,5824,3114,5827,3972],{},[153,5825,5826],{},"truthy",[153,5828,5829],{},"falsy",[30,5831,5832,5838],{},[33,5833,5834,3980,5836],{},[153,5835,3979],{},[15,5837,3838],{},[33,5839,5840,3980,5842],{},[153,5841,3987],{},[15,5843,3909],{},[20,5845,3992],{},[30,5847,5848,5852,5856,5860,5864,5868,5872,5876],{},[33,5849,5850],{},[15,5851,3909],{},[33,5853,5854],{},[15,5855,1277],{},[33,5857,5858],{},[15,5859,4003],{},[33,5861,5862],{},[15,5863,1565],{},[33,5865,5866],{},[15,5867,4021],{},[33,5869,5870],{},[15,5871,4026],{},[33,5873,5874],{},[15,5875,4031],{},[33,5877,5878],{},[15,5879,4012],{},[20,5881,4034],{},[20,5883,5884],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[48,5886,5888],{"className":50,"code":5887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5889,5890,5904,5922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5891,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5893,119],{"class":118},[57,5895,101],{"class":93},[57,5897,5586],{"class":118},[57,5899,3221],{"class":93},[57,5901,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5903,3235],{"class":93},[57,5905,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5907,119],{"class":118},[57,5909,101],{"class":93},[57,5911,5586],{"class":118},[57,5913,3221],{"class":93},[57,5915,261],{"class":71},[57,5917,1590],{"class":75},[57,5919,261],{"class":71},[57,5921,3235],{"class":93},[57,5923,5924,5926,5928,5930,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,5925,119],{"class":118},[57,5927,101],{"class":93},[57,5929,5586],{"class":118},[57,5931,5932],{"class":93},"([[",[57,5934,3224],{"class":1023},[57,5936,107],{"class":93},[57,5938,1024],{"class":1023},[57,5940,107],{"class":93},[57,5942,2686],{"class":1023},[57,5944,5945],{"class":93},"]]))\n",[20,5947,5792],{},[48,5949,5951],{"className":50,"code":5950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5952,5953,5957,5961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5954,5955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5956,4213],{"class":4085},[57,5958,5959],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,5960,4213],{"class":4085},[57,5962,5963],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,5964,4213],{"class":4085},[20,5966,5967],{},"And these are all falsy:",[48,5969,5971],{"className":50,"code":5970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5972,5973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5974,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5976,119],{"class":118},[57,5978,101],{"class":93},[57,5980,5586],{"class":118},[57,5982,3221],{"class":93},[57,5984,1277],{"class":1023},[57,5986,107],{"class":93},[57,5988,692],{"class":71},[57,5990,107],{"class":93},[57,5992,4086],{"class":4085},[57,5994,3235],{"class":93},[20,5996,5792],{},[48,5998,5999],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6000,6001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6002,6003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6004,4274],{"class":4085},[20,6006,6007,6008,2082,6011,94],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[293,6009,4041],{"href":6010},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[293,6012,6014,6016],{"href":6013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6015,4047],{}," explained",[43,6018,6020],{"id":6019},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6022,6023],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[48,6025,6027],{"className":50,"code":6026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6028,6029,6049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6030,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6032,4057],{"class":63},[57,6034,68],{"class":67},[57,6036,1380],{"class":93},[57,6038,1277],{"class":1023},[57,6040,107],{"class":93},[57,6042,692],{"class":71},[57,6044,107],{"class":93},[57,6046,4838],{"class":1023},[57,6048,288],{"class":93},[57,6050,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6052,119],{"class":118},[57,6054,101],{"class":93},[57,6056,5586],{"class":118},[57,6058,101],{"class":93},[57,6060,5591],{"class":97},[57,6062,640],{"class":93},[20,6064,243],{},[48,6066,6067],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6068,6069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6070,6071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6072,4213],{"class":4085},[20,6074,4673],{},[30,6076,6077,6082,6086],{},[33,6078,6079,6081],{},[15,6080,1277],{}," is falsy",[33,6083,6084,6081],{},[15,6085,1565],{},[33,6087,6088,6090],{},[15,6089,2372],{}," is truthy",[20,6092,6093,6094,2631,6097,94],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6095,6096],{},"any(values)",[15,6098,3838],{},[20,6100,6101],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[48,6103,6105],{"className":50,"code":6104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6106,6107,6131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6108,6109,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6110,4057],{"class":63},[57,6112,68],{"class":67},[57,6114,1380],{"class":93},[57,6116,1277],{"class":1023},[57,6118,107],{"class":93},[57,6120,692],{"class":71},[57,6122,107],{"class":93},[57,6124,4086],{"class":4085},[57,6126,107],{"class":93},[57,6128,4140],{"class":4085},[57,6130,288],{"class":93},[57,6132,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6134,119],{"class":118},[57,6136,101],{"class":93},[57,6138,5586],{"class":118},[57,6140,101],{"class":93},[57,6142,5591],{"class":97},[57,6144,640],{"class":93},[20,6146,243],{},[48,6148,6149],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6150,6151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6152,6153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6154,4274],{"class":4085},[20,6156,6157,6158,94],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6159,3909],{},[43,6161,6163],{"id":6162},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6165,6166,6168,6169,94],{},[15,6167,5416],{}," is often used with a ",[153,6170,6171],{},"generator expression",[20,6173,6174],{},"This is a common pattern:",[48,6176,6178],{"className":50,"code":6177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6179,6180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6181,6182,6184,6186,6189,6192,6195,6197,6200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6183,5586],{"class":118},[57,6185,101],{"class":93},[57,6187,6188],{"class":97},"condition ",[57,6190,6191],{"class":4110},"for",[57,6193,6194],{"class":97}," item ",[57,6196,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6198,6199],{"class":97}," items",[57,6201,112],{"class":93},[20,6203,6204],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6206,6207],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[48,6209,6211],{"className":50,"code":6210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6212,6213,6241,6245,6272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6214,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223,6225,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236,6239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6216,3853],{"class":63},[57,6218,68],{"class":67},[57,6220,1380],{"class":93},[57,6222,2740],{"class":1023},[57,6224,107],{"class":93},[57,6226,6227],{"class":1023}," 7",[57,6229,107],{"class":93},[57,6231,2455],{"class":67},[57,6233,1931],{"class":1023},[57,6235,107],{"class":93},[57,6237,6238],{"class":1023}," 10",[57,6240,288],{"class":93},[57,6242,6243],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6244,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,6246,6247,6249,6251,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,6248,2463],{"class":63},[57,6250,68],{"class":67},[57,6252,6253],{"class":118}," any",[57,6255,101],{"class":93},[57,6257,3261],{"class":97},[57,6259,1323],{"class":67},[57,6261,4068],{"class":1023},[57,6263,4111],{"class":4110},[57,6265,4114],{"class":97},[57,6267,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6269,4495],{"class":97},[57,6271,112],{"class":93},[57,6273,6274,6276,6278,6280],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,6275,119],{"class":118},[57,6277,101],{"class":93},[57,6279,2498],{"class":97},[57,6281,112],{"class":93},[20,6283,243],{},[48,6285,6286],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6287,6288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6289,6290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6291,4213],{"class":4085},[20,6293,6294,6295,6298],{},"This works because ",[15,6296,6297],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6300,6301,6309,6316],{},[33,6302,6303,6306,6307],{},[15,6304,6305],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6308,3909],{},[33,6310,6311,6306,6314],{},[15,6312,6313],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6315,3909],{},[33,6317,6318,6306,6321],{},[15,6319,6320],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6322,3838],{},[20,6324,6325,6326,6328,6329,6331,6332,94],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6327,3838],{}," result, ",[15,6330,5416],{}," can return ",[15,6333,3838],{},[20,6335,6336],{},"Here is another example:",[48,6338,6340],{"className":50,"code":6339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6341,6342,6371,6375,6405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6343,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6345,4304],{"class":63},[57,6347,68],{"class":67},[57,6349,1380],{"class":93},[57,6351,104],{"class":71},[57,6353,836],{"class":75},[57,6355,104],{"class":71},[57,6357,107],{"class":93},[57,6359,6360],{"class":71}," \"\"",[57,6362,107],{"class":93},[57,6364,72],{"class":71},[57,6366,845],{"class":75},[57,6368,104],{"class":71},[57,6370,288],{"class":93},[57,6372,6373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6374,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,6376,6377,6380,6382,6384,6386,6389,6391,6393,6395,6398,6400,6403],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,6378,6379],{"class":63},"has_empty_string ",[57,6381,68],{"class":67},[57,6383,6253],{"class":118},[57,6385,101],{"class":93},[57,6387,6388],{"class":97},"word ",[57,6390,4921],{"class":67},[57,6392,6360],{"class":71},[57,6394,4111],{"class":4110},[57,6396,6397],{"class":97}," word ",[57,6399,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6401,6402],{"class":97}," words",[57,6404,112],{"class":93},[57,6406,6407,6409,6411,6414],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,6408,119],{"class":118},[57,6410,101],{"class":93},[57,6412,6413],{"class":97},"has_empty_string",[57,6415,112],{"class":93},[20,6417,243],{},[48,6419,6420],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6421,6422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6423,6424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6425,4213],{"class":4085},[20,6427,6428,6429,94],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[293,6430,6432],{"href":6431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[43,6434,6436],{"id":6435},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6438,6439,6440,1016],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6441,3909],{},[48,6443,6445],{"className":50,"code":6444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6446,6447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6448,6449,6451,6453,6455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6450,119],{"class":118},[57,6452,101],{"class":93},[57,6454,5586],{"class":118},[57,6456,4660],{"class":93},[20,6458,243],{},[48,6460,6461],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6462,6463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6464,6465],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6466,4274],{"class":4085},[20,6468,6469],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6471,6472,6473,6475],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6474,5416],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6477,6478],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[48,6480,6482],{"className":50,"code":6481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6483,6484,6494,6509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6485,6486,6488,6490,6492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6487,119],{"class":118},[57,6489,101],{"class":93},[57,6491,5586],{"class":118},[57,6493,4718],{"class":93},[57,6495,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6507],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6497,119],{"class":118},[57,6499,101],{"class":93},[57,6501,5586],{"class":118},[57,6503,101],{"class":93},[57,6505,6506],{"class":71},"\"\"",[57,6508,640],{"class":93},[57,6510,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519,6522],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,6512,119],{"class":118},[57,6514,101],{"class":93},[57,6516,5586],{"class":118},[57,6518,101],{"class":93},[57,6520,6521],{"class":1256},"set",[57,6523,6524],{"class":93},"()))\n",[20,6526,243],{},[48,6528,6530],{"className":50,"code":6529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6531,6532,6536,6540],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6533,6534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6535,4274],{"class":4085},[57,6537,6538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6539,4274],{"class":4085},[57,6541,6542],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,6543,4274],{"class":4085},[43,6545,6547],{"id":6546},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6549,136,6550,6552],{},[15,6551,5416],{}," when you want to:",[30,6554,6555,6558,6561],{},[33,6556,6557],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6559,6560],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6562,6563],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6565,6566],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[48,6568,6570],{"className":50,"code":6569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6571,6572,6597,6601,6611,6615,6629,6648,6659,6665,6670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6573,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6575,3853],{"class":63},[57,6577,68],{"class":67},[57,6579,1380],{"class":93},[57,6581,3224],{"class":1023},[57,6583,107],{"class":93},[57,6585,2686],{"class":1023},[57,6587,107],{"class":93},[57,6589,4838],{"class":1023},[57,6591,107],{"class":93},[57,6593,6594],{"class":1023}," 8",[57,6596,288],{"class":93},[57,6598,6599],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6600,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,6602,6603,6606,6608],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,6604,6605],{"class":63},"found_even ",[57,6607,68],{"class":67},[57,6609,6610],{"class":4085}," False\n",[57,6612,6613],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,6614,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,6616,6617,6619,6622,6624,6626],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,6618,6191],{"class":4110},[57,6620,6621],{"class":63}," number ",[57,6623,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6625,4495],{"class":63},[57,6627,6628],{"class":93},":\n",[57,6630,6631,6634,6636,6639,6641,6644,6646],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,6632,6633],{"class":4110},"    if",[57,6635,6621],{"class":63},[57,6637,6638],{"class":67},"%",[57,6640,1024],{"class":1023},[57,6642,6643],{"class":67}," ==",[57,6645,4068],{"class":1023},[57,6647,6628],{"class":93},[57,6649,6651,6654,6656],{"class":59,"line":6650},7,[57,6652,6653],{"class":63},"        found_even ",[57,6655,68],{"class":67},[57,6657,6658],{"class":4085}," True\n",[57,6660,6662],{"class":59,"line":6661},8,[57,6663,6664],{"class":4110},"        break\n",[57,6666,6668],{"class":59,"line":6667},9,[57,6669,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,6671,6673,6675,6677,6680],{"class":59,"line":6672},10,[57,6674,119],{"class":118},[57,6676,101],{"class":93},[57,6678,6679],{"class":97},"found_even",[57,6681,112],{"class":93},[20,6683,6684],{},"You can write:",[48,6686,6688],{"className":50,"code":6687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6689,6690,6714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6691,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6693,3853],{"class":63},[57,6695,68],{"class":67},[57,6697,1380],{"class":93},[57,6699,3224],{"class":1023},[57,6701,107],{"class":93},[57,6703,2686],{"class":1023},[57,6705,107],{"class":93},[57,6707,4838],{"class":1023},[57,6709,107],{"class":93},[57,6711,6594],{"class":1023},[57,6713,288],{"class":93},[57,6715,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6717,119],{"class":118},[57,6719,101],{"class":93},[57,6721,5586],{"class":118},[57,6723,101],{"class":93},[57,6725,2450],{"class":97},[57,6727,6638],{"class":67},[57,6729,1024],{"class":1023},[57,6731,6643],{"class":67},[57,6733,4068],{"class":1023},[57,6735,4111],{"class":4110},[57,6737,6621],{"class":97},[57,6739,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6741,4495],{"class":97},[57,6743,640],{"class":93},[20,6745,6746,6747,6749],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6748,5416],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[43,6751,4751],{"id":4750},[20,6753,6754,6755,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6756,5416],{},[572,6758,6760],{"id":6759},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6762,4758],{},[48,6764,6766],{"className":50,"code":6765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6767,6768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6769,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6771,119],{"class":118},[57,6773,101],{"class":93},[57,6775,5586],{"class":118},[57,6777,101],{"class":93},[57,6779,2372],{"class":1023},[57,6781,640],{"class":93},[20,6783,6784,6785,6787],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6786,2372],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6789,6790],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[48,6792,6794],{"className":50,"code":6793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6795,6796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6797,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6799,119],{"class":118},[57,6801,101],{"class":93},[57,6803,5586],{"class":118},[57,6805,3221],{"class":93},[57,6807,2372],{"class":1023},[57,6809,3235],{"class":93},[572,6811,6813],{"id":6812},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6815,6816,6818,6819,6821],{},[15,6817,5416],{}," needs only ",[153,6820,399],{}," truthy item.",[48,6823,6825],{"className":50,"code":6824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6826,6827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6828,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6830,119],{"class":118},[57,6832,101],{"class":93},[57,6834,5586],{"class":118},[57,6836,3221],{"class":93},[57,6838,3909],{"class":4085},[57,6840,107],{"class":93},[57,6842,4140],{"class":4085},[57,6844,107],{"class":93},[57,6846,4149],{"class":4085},[57,6848,3235],{"class":93},[20,6850,243],{},[48,6852,6853],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6854,6855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6856,6857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6858,4213],{"class":4085},[20,6860,6861,6862,6866],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[293,6863,6864],{"href":5658},[15,6865,3812],{}," instead.",[572,6868,6870],{"id":6869},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6872,6873,6874,94],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6875,6876],{},"\"True\"",[48,6878,6880],{"className":50,"code":6879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6881,6882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6883,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6885,119],{"class":118},[57,6887,101],{"class":93},[57,6889,5586],{"class":118},[57,6891,3221],{"class":93},[57,6893,104],{"class":71},[57,6895,3909],{"class":75},[57,6897,104],{"class":71},[57,6899,3235],{"class":93},[20,6901,243],{},[48,6903,6904],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6905,6906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6907,6908],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6909,4213],{"class":4085},[20,6911,6912,6913,6916],{},"That is because ",[15,6914,6915],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[572,6918,6920],{"id":6919},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6922,6923],{},"This works:",[48,6925,6927],{"className":50,"code":6926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6928,6929,6949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6930,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6932,3853],{"class":63},[57,6934,68],{"class":67},[57,6936,1380],{"class":93},[57,6938,3224],{"class":1023},[57,6940,107],{"class":93},[57,6942,1024],{"class":1023},[57,6944,107],{"class":93},[57,6946,2686],{"class":1023},[57,6948,288],{"class":93},[57,6950,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,6952,119],{"class":118},[57,6954,101],{"class":93},[57,6956,5586],{"class":118},[57,6958,3221],{"class":93},[57,6960,3261],{"class":97},[57,6962,4484],{"class":67},[57,6964,1024],{"class":1023},[57,6966,4111],{"class":4110},[57,6968,4114],{"class":97},[57,6970,4117],{"class":4110},[57,6972,4495],{"class":97},[57,6974,3235],{"class":93},[20,6976,6977],{},"But this is usually better:",[48,6979,6981],{"className":50,"code":6980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6982,6983,7003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6984,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6986,3853],{"class":63},[57,6988,68],{"class":67},[57,6990,1380],{"class":93},[57,6992,3224],{"class":1023},[57,6994,107],{"class":93},[57,6996,1024],{"class":1023},[57,6998,107],{"class":93},[57,7000,2686],{"class":1023},[57,7002,288],{"class":93},[57,7004,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7006,119],{"class":118},[57,7008,101],{"class":93},[57,7010,5586],{"class":118},[57,7012,101],{"class":93},[57,7014,3261],{"class":97},[57,7016,4484],{"class":67},[57,7018,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7020,4111],{"class":4110},[57,7022,4114],{"class":97},[57,7024,4117],{"class":4110},[57,7026,4495],{"class":97},[57,7028,640],{"class":93},[20,7030,7031],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[43,7033,2075],{"id":2074},[572,7035,7037],{"id":7036},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7039,5380,7040,7042,7043,94],{},[15,7041,3838],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7044,3909],{},[572,7046,7048],{"id":7047},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7050,7051,2631,7053,7055],{},[15,7052,5416],{},[15,7054,3909],{}," for an empty iterable.",[572,7057,7059],{"id":7058},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7061,7062,7064,7065,7067],{},[15,7063,5416],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7066,3812],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[572,7069,7071],{"id":7070},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7073,7074],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[48,7076,7077],{"className":50,"code":6177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7078,7079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7080,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7082,5586],{"class":118},[57,7084,101],{"class":93},[57,7086,6188],{"class":97},[57,7088,6191],{"class":4110},[57,7090,6194],{"class":97},[57,7092,4117],{"class":4110},[57,7094,6199],{"class":97},[57,7096,112],{"class":93},[20,7098,5705],{},[48,7100,7101],{"className":50,"code":6980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7102,7103,7123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7104,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7106,3853],{"class":63},[57,7108,68],{"class":67},[57,7110,1380],{"class":93},[57,7112,3224],{"class":1023},[57,7114,107],{"class":93},[57,7116,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7118,107],{"class":93},[57,7120,2686],{"class":1023},[57,7122,288],{"class":93},[57,7124,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139,7141,7143,7145,7147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7126,119],{"class":118},[57,7128,101],{"class":93},[57,7130,5586],{"class":118},[57,7132,101],{"class":93},[57,7134,3261],{"class":97},[57,7136,4484],{"class":67},[57,7138,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7140,4111],{"class":4110},[57,7142,4114],{"class":97},[57,7144,4117],{"class":4110},[57,7146,4495],{"class":97},[57,7148,640],{"class":93},[43,7150,2132],{"id":2131},[30,7152,7153,7159,7163,7167,7172],{},[33,7154,7155],{},[293,7156,7157,3742],{"href":5658},[15,7158,3812],{},[33,7160,7161],{},[293,7162,4041],{"href":6010},[33,7164,7165],{},[293,7166,5448],{"href":5819},[33,7168,7169],{},[293,7170,7171],{"href":6431},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,7173,7174],{},[293,7175,7176,3742],{"href":6013},[15,7177,4047],{},[2161,7179,7180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":7182},[7183,7184,7185,7186,7187,7188,7189,7190,7196,7202],{"id":5608,"depth":82,"text":5609},{"id":5663,"depth":82,"text":5664},{"id":3963,"depth":82,"text":3964},{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":6162,"depth":82,"text":6163},{"id":6435,"depth":82,"text":6436},{"id":6546,"depth":82,"text":6547},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":7191},[7192,7193,7194,7195],{"id":6759,"depth":115,"text":6760},{"id":6812,"depth":115,"text":6813},{"id":6869,"depth":115,"text":6870},{"id":6919,"depth":115,"text":6920},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":7197},[7198,7199,7200,7201],{"id":7036,"depth":115,"text":7037},{"id":7047,"depth":115,"text":7048},{"id":7058,"depth":115,"text":7059},{"id":7070,"depth":115,"text":7071},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5511,"description":7203},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7209,"title":7210,"body":7211,"description":9339,"extension":2201,"meta":9340,"navigation":217,"path":9341,"seo":9342,"stem":9343,"__hash__":9344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7212,"toc":9302},[7213,7216,7225,7235,7237,7334,7336,7365,7381,7385,7390,7393,7403,7409,7415,7430,7432,7440,7447,7451,7454,7469,7474,7492,7497,7499,7546,7548,7565,7569,7575,7578,7613,7615,7721,7723,7760,7764,7772,7774,7794,7796,7916,7918,7947,7950,7973,7975,7983,7991,7995,8001,8005,8048,8050,8058,8061,8089,8091,8099,8103,8131,8133,8141,8173,8175,8183,8187,8238,8240,8248,8256,8260,8263,8316,8318,8338,8345,8349,8355,8358,8366,8388,8390,8398,8406,8429,8431,8439,8444,8449,8461,8463,8504,8515,8519,8528,8531,8534,8593,8596,8648,8651,8656,8672,8678,8680,8685,8694,8697,8719,8721,8729,8734,8737,8772,8774,8782,8786,8791,8829,8841,8844,8898,8906,8910,8913,8935,8944,8947,8988,8990,9013,9019,9025,9040,9042,9062,9065,9084,9086,9105,9109,9114,9193,9196,9210,9217,9219,9223,9230,9234,9238,9242,9247,9251,9256,9260,9267,9269,9299],[10,7214,7210],{"id":7215},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7217,2218,7218,7220,7221,3114,7223,94],{},[15,7219,4047],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7222,3838],{},[15,7224,3909],{},[20,7226,7227,7228,7230,7231,7234],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7229,4047],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7232,7233],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[43,7236,3843],{"id":3842},[48,7238,7240],{"className":50,"code":7239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7241,7242,7256,7270,7284,7302,7312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7243,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7245,119],{"class":118},[57,7247,101],{"class":93},[57,7249,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7251,101],{"class":93},[57,7253,1277],{"class":1023},[57,7255,640],{"class":93},[57,7257,7258,7260,7262,7264,7266,7268],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7259,119],{"class":118},[57,7261,101],{"class":93},[57,7263,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7265,101],{"class":93},[57,7267,3224],{"class":1023},[57,7269,640],{"class":93},[57,7271,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7273,119],{"class":118},[57,7275,101],{"class":93},[57,7277,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7279,101],{"class":93},[57,7281,6506],{"class":71},[57,7283,640],{"class":93},[57,7285,7286,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7287,119],{"class":118},[57,7289,101],{"class":93},[57,7291,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7293,101],{"class":93},[57,7295,104],{"class":71},[57,7297,1590],{"class":75},[57,7299,104],{"class":71},[57,7301,640],{"class":93},[57,7303,7304,7306,7308,7310],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7305,119],{"class":118},[57,7307,101],{"class":93},[57,7309,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7311,4660],{"class":93},[57,7313,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7315,119],{"class":118},[57,7317,101],{"class":93},[57,7319,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7321,3221],{"class":93},[57,7323,3224],{"class":1023},[57,7325,107],{"class":93},[57,7327,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7329,107],{"class":93},[57,7331,2686],{"class":1023},[57,7333,3235],{"class":93},[20,7335,5792],{},[48,7337,7339],{"className":50,"code":7338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7340,7341,7345,7349,7353,7357,7361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7342,7343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7344,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7346,7347],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7348,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7350,7351],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7352,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7354,7355],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7356,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7358,7359],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7360,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7362,7363],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7364,4213],{"class":4085},[20,7366,136,7367,7370,7371,3114,7373,7375,7376,7378,7379,94],{},[15,7368,7369],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7372,3838],{},[15,7374,3909],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7377,3909],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7380,3838],{},[43,7382,7384],{"id":7383},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7386,7387,7389],{},[15,7388,4047],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7391,7392],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7394,7395,7399],{},[33,7396,7397],{},[15,7398,3838],{},[33,7400,7401],{},[15,7402,3909],{},[20,7404,7405,7406,7408],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7407,7233],{}," statements.",[20,7410,7411,7412,7414],{},"You can also call ",[15,7413,4047],{}," with no argument:",[48,7416,7418],{"className":50,"code":7417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool())\n",[15,7419,7420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7421,7422,7424,7426,7428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7423,119],{"class":118},[57,7425,101],{"class":93},[57,7427,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7429,383],{"class":93},[20,7431,243],{},[48,7433,7434],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7435,7436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7437,7438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7439,4274],{"class":4085},[20,7441,7442,7443,94],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[293,7444,7446],{"href":7445},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[43,7448,7450],{"id":7449},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7452,7453],{},"The basic syntax is:",[48,7455,7457],{"className":50,"code":7456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bool(value)\n",[15,7458,7459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7460,7461,7463,7465,7467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7462,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7464,101],{"class":93},[57,7466,2708],{"class":97},[57,7468,112],{"class":93},[20,7470,2218,7471,7473],{},[15,7472,2708],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7487,7489],{},[33,7477,3883],{},[33,7479,5541],{},[33,7481,5532],{},[33,7483,5535],{},[33,7485,7486],{},"dictionaries",[33,7488,5538],{},[33,7490,7491],{},"other objects",[20,7493,7494,7495,94],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7496,3909],{},[20,7498,179],{},[48,7500,7502],{"className":50,"code":7501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7503,7504,7518,7536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7507,119],{"class":118},[57,7509,101],{"class":93},[57,7511,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7513,101],{"class":93},[57,7515,941],{"class":1023},[57,7517,640],{"class":93},[57,7519,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528,7530,7532,7534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7521,119],{"class":118},[57,7523,101],{"class":93},[57,7525,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7527,101],{"class":93},[57,7529,104],{"class":71},[57,7531,528],{"class":75},[57,7533,104],{"class":71},[57,7535,640],{"class":93},[57,7537,7538,7540,7542,7544],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7539,119],{"class":118},[57,7541,101],{"class":93},[57,7543,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7545,383],{"class":93},[20,7547,243],{},[48,7549,7551],{"className":50,"code":7550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7552,7553,7557,7561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7554,7555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7556,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7558,7559],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7560,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7562,7563],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7564,4274],{"class":4085},[43,7566,7568],{"id":7567},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7570,7571,7572,7574],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[153,7573,5829],{}," values.",[20,7576,7577],{},"Common examples:",[30,7579,7580,7584,7588,7592,7596,7601,7605,7609],{},[33,7581,7582],{},[15,7583,1277],{},[33,7585,7586],{},[15,7587,4003],{},[33,7589,7590],{},[15,7591,6506],{},[33,7593,7594],{},[15,7595,4021],{},[33,7597,7598],{},[15,7599,7600],{},"()",[33,7602,7603],{},[15,7604,4026],{},[33,7606,7607],{},[15,7608,4031],{},[33,7610,7611],{},[15,7612,4012],{},[20,7614,179],{},[48,7616,7618],{"className":50,"code":7617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7619,7620,7634,7648,7662,7672,7682,7693,7707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7621,7622,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7623,119],{"class":118},[57,7625,101],{"class":93},[57,7627,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7629,101],{"class":93},[57,7631,1277],{"class":1023},[57,7633,640],{"class":93},[57,7635,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7637,119],{"class":118},[57,7639,101],{"class":93},[57,7641,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7643,101],{"class":93},[57,7645,4003],{"class":1023},[57,7647,640],{"class":93},[57,7649,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7651,119],{"class":118},[57,7653,101],{"class":93},[57,7655,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7657,101],{"class":93},[57,7659,6506],{"class":71},[57,7661,640],{"class":93},[57,7663,7664,7666,7668,7670],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7665,119],{"class":118},[57,7667,101],{"class":93},[57,7669,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7671,4660],{"class":93},[57,7673,7674,7676,7678,7680],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7675,119],{"class":118},[57,7677,101],{"class":93},[57,7679,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7681,4718],{"class":93},[57,7683,7684,7686,7688,7690],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7685,119],{"class":118},[57,7687,101],{"class":93},[57,7689,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7691,7692],{"class":93},"({}))\n",[57,7694,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,7696,119],{"class":118},[57,7698,101],{"class":93},[57,7700,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7702,101],{"class":93},[57,7704,6521],{"class":1256},[57,7706,6524],{"class":93},[57,7708,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,7710,119],{"class":118},[57,7712,101],{"class":93},[57,7714,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7716,101],{"class":93},[57,7718,4012],{"class":4085},[57,7720,640],{"class":93},[20,7722,243],{},[48,7724,7726],{"className":50,"code":7725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7727,7728,7732,7736,7740,7744,7748,7752,7756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7729,7730],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7731,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7733,7734],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7735,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7737,7738],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7739,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7741,7742],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7743,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7745,7746],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7747,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7749,7750],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7751,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7753,7754],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,7755,4274],{"class":4085},[57,7757,7758],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,7759,4274],{"class":4085},[43,7761,7763],{"id":7762},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7765,7766,7767,7769,7770,7574],{},"Many values become ",[15,7768,3838],{},". These are often called ",[153,7771,5826],{},[20,7773,7577],{},[30,7775,7776,7779,7782,7785,7788,7791],{},[33,7777,7778],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7780,7781],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7783,7784],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7786,7787],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7789,7790],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7792,7793],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7795,179],{},[48,7797,7799],{"className":50,"code":7798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7800,7801,7815,7831,7849,7871,7889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7802,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811,7813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7804,119],{"class":118},[57,7806,101],{"class":93},[57,7808,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7810,101],{"class":93},[57,7812,2372],{"class":1023},[57,7814,640],{"class":93},[57,7816,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825,7827,7829],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7818,119],{"class":118},[57,7820,101],{"class":93},[57,7822,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7824,101],{"class":93},[57,7826,1415],{"class":67},[57,7828,1931],{"class":1023},[57,7830,640],{"class":93},[57,7832,7833,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843,7845,7847],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7834,119],{"class":118},[57,7836,101],{"class":93},[57,7838,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7840,101],{"class":93},[57,7842,104],{"class":71},[57,7844,1590],{"class":75},[57,7846,104],{"class":71},[57,7848,640],{"class":93},[57,7850,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867,7869],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7852,119],{"class":118},[57,7854,101],{"class":93},[57,7856,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7858,3221],{"class":93},[57,7860,3224],{"class":1023},[57,7862,107],{"class":93},[57,7864,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7866,107],{"class":93},[57,7868,2686],{"class":1023},[57,7870,3235],{"class":93},[57,7872,7873,7875,7877,7879,7881,7883,7885,7887],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7874,119],{"class":118},[57,7876,101],{"class":93},[57,7878,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7880,5743],{"class":93},[57,7882,3224],{"class":1023},[57,7884,107],{"class":93},[57,7886,1024],{"class":1023},[57,7888,2028],{"class":93},[57,7890,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909,7912,7914],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7892,119],{"class":118},[57,7894,101],{"class":93},[57,7896,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7898,5762],{"class":93},[57,7900,104],{"class":71},[57,7902,1056],{"class":75},[57,7904,104],{"class":71},[57,7906,1016],{"class":93},[57,7908,72],{"class":71},[57,7910,7911],{"class":75},"Sam",[57,7913,104],{"class":71},[57,7915,5771],{"class":93},[20,7917,243],{},[48,7919,7921],{"className":50,"code":7920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7922,7923,7927,7931,7935,7939,7943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7924,7925],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7926,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7928,7929],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,7930,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7932,7933],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,7934,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7936,7937],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,7938,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7940,7941],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,7942,4213],{"class":4085},[57,7944,7945],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,7946,4213],{"class":4085},[20,7948,7949],{},"One important example is this:",[48,7951,7953],{"className":50,"code":7952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7954,7955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7956,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7958,119],{"class":118},[57,7960,101],{"class":93},[57,7962,4101],{"class":1256},[57,7964,101],{"class":93},[57,7966,104],{"class":71},[57,7968,3909],{"class":75},[57,7970,104],{"class":71},[57,7972,640],{"class":93},[20,7974,243],{},[48,7976,7977],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7978,7979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7980,7981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7982,4213],{"class":4085},[20,7984,7985,7986,7988,7989,94],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7987,6915],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7990,3838],{},[43,7992,7994],{"id":7993},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7996,7997,7998,8000],{},"You can use ",[15,7999,4047],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[572,8002,8004],{"id":8003},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[48,8006,8008],{"className":50,"code":8007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8009,8010,8033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8011,8012,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8026,8028,8031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8013,8014],{"class":63},"items ",[57,8016,68],{"class":67},[57,8018,1380],{"class":93},[57,8020,941],{"class":1023},[57,8022,107],{"class":93},[57,8024,8025],{"class":1023}," 20",[57,8027,107],{"class":93},[57,8029,8030],{"class":1023}," 30",[57,8032,288],{"class":93},[57,8034,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043,8046],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8036,119],{"class":118},[57,8038,101],{"class":93},[57,8040,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8042,101],{"class":93},[57,8044,8045],{"class":97},"items",[57,8047,640],{"class":93},[20,8049,243],{},[48,8051,8052],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8053,8054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8055,8056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8057,4213],{"class":4085},[20,8059,8060],{},"With an empty list:",[48,8062,8064],{"className":50,"code":8063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8065,8066,8075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8067,8068,8070,8072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8069,8014],{"class":63},[57,8071,68],{"class":67},[57,8073,8074],{"class":93}," []\n",[57,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8078,119],{"class":118},[57,8080,101],{"class":93},[57,8082,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8084,101],{"class":93},[57,8086,8045],{"class":97},[57,8088,640],{"class":93},[20,8090,243],{},[48,8092,8093],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8094,8095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8096,8097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8098,4274],{"class":4085},[572,8100,8102],{"id":8101},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[48,8104,8106],{"className":50,"code":8105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8107,8108,8117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8109,8110,8113,8115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8111,8112],{"class":63},"name ",[57,8114,68],{"class":67},[57,8116,1487],{"class":71},[57,8118,8119,8121,8123,8125,8127,8129],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8120,119],{"class":118},[57,8122,101],{"class":93},[57,8124,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8126,101],{"class":93},[57,8128,1056],{"class":97},[57,8130,640],{"class":93},[20,8132,243],{},[48,8134,8135],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8136,8137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8138,8139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8140,4274],{"class":4085},[48,8142,8144],{"className":50,"code":8143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8145,8146,8159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8147,8148,8150,8152,8154,8157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8149,8112],{"class":63},[57,8151,68],{"class":67},[57,8153,72],{"class":71},[57,8155,8156],{"class":75},"Mia",[57,8158,79],{"class":71},[57,8160,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8162,119],{"class":118},[57,8164,101],{"class":93},[57,8166,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8168,101],{"class":93},[57,8170,1056],{"class":97},[57,8172,640],{"class":93},[20,8174,243],{},[48,8176,8177],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8178,8179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8180,8181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8182,4213],{"class":4085},[572,8184,8186],{"id":8185},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[48,8188,8190],{"className":50,"code":8189,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8191,8192,8206,8223,8227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8193,8194,8197,8199,8201,8204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8195,8196],{"class":63},"username ",[57,8198,68],{"class":67},[57,8200,72],{"class":71},[57,8202,8203],{"class":75},"alex",[57,8205,79],{"class":71},[57,8207,8208,8211,8213,8216,8218,8221],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8209,8210],{"class":63},"has_name ",[57,8212,68],{"class":67},[57,8214,8215],{"class":1256}," bool",[57,8217,101],{"class":93},[57,8219,8220],{"class":97},"username",[57,8222,112],{"class":93},[57,8224,8225],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,8226,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,8228,8229,8231,8233,8236],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,8230,119],{"class":118},[57,8232,101],{"class":93},[57,8234,8235],{"class":97},"has_name",[57,8237,112],{"class":93},[20,8239,243],{},[48,8241,8242],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8243,8244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8245,8246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8247,4213],{"class":4085},[20,8249,8250,8251,3114,8253,8255],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8252,3838],{},[15,8254,3909],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[572,8257,8259],{"id":8258},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8261,8262],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[48,8264,8266],{"className":50,"code":8265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8267,8268,8288,8292,8300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8269,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8271,3853],{"class":63},[57,8273,68],{"class":67},[57,8275,1380],{"class":93},[57,8277,3224],{"class":1023},[57,8279,107],{"class":93},[57,8281,1024],{"class":1023},[57,8283,107],{"class":93},[57,8285,2686],{"class":1023},[57,8287,288],{"class":93},[57,8289,8290],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8291,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,8293,8294,8296,8298],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,8295,7233],{"class":4110},[57,8297,4495],{"class":63},[57,8299,6628],{"class":93},[57,8301,8302,8305,8307,8309,8312,8314],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,8303,8304],{"class":118},"    print",[57,8306,101],{"class":93},[57,8308,104],{"class":71},[57,8310,8311],{"class":75},"The list is not empty",[57,8313,104],{"class":71},[57,8315,112],{"class":93},[20,8317,243],{},[48,8319,8321],{"className":50,"code":8320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8322,8323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8324,8325,8327,8329,8332,8335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8326,2218],{"class":63},[57,8328,1188],{"class":1256},[57,8330,8331],{"class":67}," is",[57,8333,8334],{"class":67}," not",[57,8336,8337],{"class":63}," empty\n",[20,8339,8340,8341,94],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[293,8342,8344],{"href":8343},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[43,8346,8348],{"id":8347},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8350,8351,8352,8354],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8353,4047],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8356,8357],{},"It does not do that.",[572,8359,8361,2631,8364],{"id":8360},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8362,8363],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8365,3838],{},[48,8367,8368],{"className":50,"code":7952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8369,8370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8371,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8373,119],{"class":118},[57,8375,101],{"class":93},[57,8377,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8379,101],{"class":93},[57,8381,104],{"class":71},[57,8383,3909],{"class":75},[57,8385,104],{"class":71},[57,8387,640],{"class":93},[20,8389,243],{},[48,8391,8392],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8393,8394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8395,8396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8397,4213],{"class":4085},[572,8399,8401,2631,8404],{"id":8400},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8402,8403],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8405,3838],{},[48,8407,8409],{"className":50,"code":8408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8410,8411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8412,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425,8427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8414,119],{"class":118},[57,8416,101],{"class":93},[57,8418,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8420,101],{"class":93},[57,8422,104],{"class":71},[57,8424,1277],{"class":75},[57,8426,104],{"class":71},[57,8428,640],{"class":93},[20,8430,243],{},[48,8432,8433],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8434,8435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8436,8437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8438,4213],{"class":4085},[20,8440,8441,8442,94],{},"This happens because both values are ",[153,8443,7781],{},[20,8445,8446,8448],{},[15,8447,4047],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8450,8451,8452,8457,8458,8460],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[293,8453,8455],{"href":8454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8456,3193],{},", because ",[15,8459,3193],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8462,179],{},[48,8464,8466],{"className":50,"code":8465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8467,8468,8489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8469,8470,8473,8475,8478,8480,8482,8485,8487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8471,8472],{"class":63},"user_value ",[57,8474,68],{"class":67},[57,8476,8477],{"class":118}," input",[57,8479,101],{"class":93},[57,8481,104],{"class":71},[57,8483,8484],{"class":75},"Enter True or False: ",[57,8486,104],{"class":71},[57,8488,112],{"class":93},[57,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8492,119],{"class":118},[57,8494,101],{"class":93},[57,8496,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8498,101],{"class":93},[57,8500,8501],{"class":97},"user_value",[57,8503,640],{"class":93},[20,8505,8506,8507,8509,8510,8457,8512,8514],{},"If the user types ",[15,8508,3909],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8511,3838],{},[15,8513,6915],{}," is not empty.",[43,8516,8518],{"id":8517},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8520,8521,8522,8524,8525,8527],{},"In many ",[15,8523,7233],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8526,4047],{}," yourself.",[20,8529,8530],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8532,8533],{},"Instead of this:",[48,8535,8537],{"className":50,"code":8536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8538,8539,8560,8564,8578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8540,8541,8544,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8542,8543],{"class":63},"my_list ",[57,8545,68],{"class":67},[57,8547,1380],{"class":93},[57,8549,3224],{"class":1023},[57,8551,107],{"class":93},[57,8553,1024],{"class":1023},[57,8555,107],{"class":93},[57,8557,2686],{"class":1023},[57,8559,288],{"class":93},[57,8561,8562],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8563,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,8565,8566,8568,8570,8572,8575],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,8567,7233],{"class":4110},[57,8569,8215],{"class":1256},[57,8571,101],{"class":93},[57,8573,8574],{"class":97},"my_list",[57,8576,8577],{"class":93},"):\n",[57,8579,8580,8582,8584,8586,8589,8591],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,8581,8304],{"class":118},[57,8583,101],{"class":93},[57,8585,104],{"class":71},[57,8587,8588],{"class":75},"List has items",[57,8590,104],{"class":71},[57,8592,112],{"class":93},[20,8594,8595],{},"You can simply write:",[48,8597,8599],{"className":50,"code":8598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8600,8601,8621,8625,8634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8602,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613,8615,8617,8619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8604,8543],{"class":63},[57,8606,68],{"class":67},[57,8608,1380],{"class":93},[57,8610,3224],{"class":1023},[57,8612,107],{"class":93},[57,8614,1024],{"class":1023},[57,8616,107],{"class":93},[57,8618,2686],{"class":1023},[57,8620,288],{"class":93},[57,8622,8623],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8624,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,8626,8627,8629,8632],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,8628,7233],{"class":4110},[57,8630,8631],{"class":63}," my_list",[57,8633,6628],{"class":93},[57,8635,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,8637,8304],{"class":118},[57,8639,101],{"class":93},[57,8641,104],{"class":71},[57,8643,8588],{"class":75},[57,8645,104],{"class":71},[57,8647,112],{"class":93},[20,8649,8650],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8652,425,8653,8655],{},[15,8654,4047],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8657,8658,8661,8669],{},[33,8659,8660],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8662,8663,8664,3114,8666,8668],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8665,3838],{},[15,8667,3909],{}," value",[33,8670,8671],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8673,8674,8675,94],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[293,8676,8677],{"href":2533},"Python type() function explained",[43,8679,1673],{"id":1672},[20,8681,8682,8683,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8684,4047],{},[572,8686,8688,8689,8691,8692],{"id":8687},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8690,8363],{}," to return ",[15,8693,3909],{},[20,8695,8696],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[48,8698,8699],{"className":50,"code":7952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8700,8701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8702,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8704,119],{"class":118},[57,8706,101],{"class":93},[57,8708,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8710,101],{"class":93},[57,8712,104],{"class":71},[57,8714,3909],{"class":75},[57,8716,104],{"class":71},[57,8718,640],{"class":93},[20,8720,243],{},[48,8722,8723],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8724,8725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8726,8727],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8728,4213],{"class":4085},[20,8730,8731,8732,6916],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8733,6915],{},[20,8735,8736],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[48,8738,8740],{"className":50,"code":8739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8741,8742,8754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8743,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8745,2681],{"class":63},[57,8747,68],{"class":67},[57,8749,72],{"class":71},[57,8751,3909],{"class":75},[57,8753,79],{"class":71},[57,8755,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8757,119],{"class":118},[57,8759,101],{"class":93},[57,8761,2681],{"class":97},[57,8763,4921],{"class":67},[57,8765,72],{"class":71},[57,8767,3838],{"class":75},[57,8769,104],{"class":71},[57,8771,112],{"class":93},[20,8773,243],{},[48,8775,8776],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8777,8778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8779,8780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8781,4274],{"class":4085},[572,8783,8785],{"id":8784},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8787,8788,8790],{},[15,8789,3193],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[48,8792,8794],{"className":50,"code":8793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8795,8796,8815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8797,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8811,8813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8799,2681],{"class":63},[57,8801,68],{"class":67},[57,8803,8477],{"class":118},[57,8805,101],{"class":93},[57,8807,104],{"class":71},[57,8809,8810],{"class":75},"Enter yes or no: ",[57,8812,104],{"class":71},[57,8814,112],{"class":93},[57,8816,8817,8819,8821,8823,8825,8827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8818,119],{"class":118},[57,8820,101],{"class":93},[57,8822,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8824,101],{"class":93},[57,8826,2708],{"class":97},[57,8828,640],{"class":93},[20,8830,8506,8831,8834,8835,8837,8838,8514],{},[15,8832,8833],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8836,3838],{}," because ",[15,8839,8840],{},"\"no\"",[20,8842,8843],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[48,8845,8847],{"className":50,"code":8846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8848,8849,8879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8850,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8868,8871,8874,8877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8852,2681],{"class":63},[57,8854,68],{"class":67},[57,8856,8477],{"class":118},[57,8858,101],{"class":93},[57,8860,104],{"class":71},[57,8862,8810],{"class":75},[57,8864,104],{"class":71},[57,8866,8867],{"class":93},").",[57,8869,8870],{"class":97},"strip",[57,8872,8873],{"class":93},"().",[57,8875,8876],{"class":97},"lower",[57,8878,212],{"class":93},[57,8880,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891,8894,8896],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8882,119],{"class":118},[57,8884,101],{"class":93},[57,8886,2681],{"class":97},[57,8888,4921],{"class":67},[57,8890,72],{"class":71},[57,8892,8893],{"class":75},"yes",[57,8895,104],{"class":71},[57,8897,112],{"class":93},[20,8899,8900,8901,8903,8904,94],{},"This gives ",[15,8902,3838],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8905,8893],{},[572,8907,8909],{"id":8908},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8911,8912],{},"These are different:",[30,8914,8915,8919,8923,8927,8931],{},[33,8916,8917],{},[15,8918,3909],{},[33,8920,8921],{},[15,8922,1277],{},[33,8924,8925],{},[15,8926,6506],{},[33,8928,8929],{},[15,8930,4021],{},[33,8932,8933],{},[15,8934,4012],{},[20,8936,8937,8938,8940,8941,8943],{},"They all become ",[15,8939,3909],{}," with ",[15,8942,4047],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8945,8946],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[48,8948,8950],{"className":50,"code":8949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8951,8952,8960,8974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8953,8954,8956,8958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8955,2681],{"class":63},[57,8957,68],{"class":67},[57,8959,8074],{"class":93},[57,8961,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,8963,119],{"class":118},[57,8965,101],{"class":93},[57,8967,1257],{"class":1256},[57,8969,101],{"class":93},[57,8971,2708],{"class":97},[57,8973,640],{"class":93},[57,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,8977,119],{"class":118},[57,8979,101],{"class":93},[57,8981,4101],{"class":1256},[57,8983,101],{"class":93},[57,8985,2708],{"class":97},[57,8987,640],{"class":93},[20,8989,243],{},[48,8991,8993],{"className":50,"code":8992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8994,8995,9009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8996,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8998,1323],{"class":67},[57,9000,1327],{"class":1326},[57,9002,271],{"class":71},[57,9004,1188],{"class":75},[57,9006,261],{"class":71},[57,9008,1336],{"class":67},[57,9010,9011],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9012,4274],{"class":4085},[572,9014,425,9016,9018],{"id":9015},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9017,4026],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9020,9021,9022,9024],{},"In Python, ",[15,9023,4026],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[48,9026,9028],{"className":50,"code":9027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9029,9030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9031,9032,9034,9036,9038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9033,119],{"class":118},[57,9035,101],{"class":93},[57,9037,1257],{"class":1256},[57,9039,7692],{"class":93},[20,9041,243],{},[48,9043,9045],{"className":50,"code":9044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9046,9047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9048,9049,9051,9053,9055,9058,9060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9050,1323],{"class":67},[57,9052,1327],{"class":1326},[57,9054,271],{"class":71},[57,9056,9057],{"class":75},"dict",[57,9059,261],{"class":71},[57,9061,1336],{"class":67},[20,9063,9064],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[48,9066,9068],{"className":50,"code":9067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9069,9070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9071,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9073,119],{"class":118},[57,9075,101],{"class":93},[57,9077,1257],{"class":1256},[57,9079,101],{"class":93},[57,9081,6521],{"class":1256},[57,9083,6524],{"class":93},[20,9085,243],{},[48,9087,9089],{"className":50,"code":9088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9090,9091],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9094,1323],{"class":67},[57,9096,1327],{"class":1326},[57,9098,271],{"class":71},[57,9100,6521],{"class":75},[57,9102,261],{"class":71},[57,9104,1336],{"class":67},[43,9106,9108],{"id":9107},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9110,345,9111,9113],{},[15,9112,4047],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[48,9115,9117],{"className":50,"code":9116,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9118,9119,9133,9147,9157,9175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9120,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9122,119],{"class":118},[57,9124,101],{"class":93},[57,9126,4101],{"class":1256},[57,9128,101],{"class":93},[57,9130,2708],{"class":97},[57,9132,640],{"class":93},[57,9134,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9136,119],{"class":118},[57,9138,101],{"class":93},[57,9140,1257],{"class":1256},[57,9142,101],{"class":93},[57,9144,2708],{"class":97},[57,9146,640],{"class":93},[57,9148,9149,9151,9153,9155],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,9150,119],{"class":118},[57,9152,101],{"class":93},[57,9154,2708],{"class":97},[57,9156,112],{"class":93},[57,9158,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,9160,119],{"class":118},[57,9162,101],{"class":93},[57,9164,2681],{"class":97},[57,9166,4921],{"class":67},[57,9168,72],{"class":71},[57,9170,3838],{"class":75},[57,9172,104],{"class":71},[57,9174,112],{"class":93},[57,9176,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,9178,119],{"class":118},[57,9180,101],{"class":93},[57,9182,2708],{"class":97},[57,9184,94],{"class":93},[57,9186,8870],{"class":97},[57,9188,8873],{"class":93},[57,9190,8876],{"class":97},[57,9192,383],{"class":93},[20,9194,9195],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,9197,9198,9201,9204,9207],{},[33,9199,9200],{},"what the value really is",[33,9202,9203],{},"whether it is a string",[33,9205,9206],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,9208,9209],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9211,9212,9213,94],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[293,9214,9216],{"href":9215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[43,9218,2075],{"id":2074},[572,9220,9222],{"id":9221},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9224,9225,9226,3114,9228,94],{},"It returns either ",[15,9227,3838],{},[15,9229,3909],{},[572,9231,9233],{"id":9232},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9235,5380,9236,94],{},[15,9237,3909],{},[572,9239,9241],{"id":9240},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9243,9244,9245,94],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9246,3838],{},[572,9248,9250],{"id":9249},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9252,9253,9254,94],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9255,3909],{},[572,9257,9259],{"id":9258},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9261,9262,9263,3114,9265,3972],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9264,3838],{},[15,9266,3909],{},[43,9268,2132],{"id":2131},[30,9270,9271,9276,9280,9285,9289,9294],{},[33,9272,9273],{},[293,9274,9275],{"href":6010},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,9277,9278],{},[293,9279,8344],{"href":8343},[33,9281,9282],{},[293,9283,9284],{"href":8454},"Python input() function explained",[33,9286,9287],{},[293,9288,8677],{"href":2533},[33,9290,9291],{},[293,9292,9293],{"href":9215},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9295,9296],{},[293,9297,9298],{"href":7445},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2161,9300,9301],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":9303},[9304,9305,9306,9307,9308,9309,9315,9321,9322,9330,9331,9338],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":7383,"depth":82,"text":7384},{"id":7449,"depth":82,"text":7450},{"id":7567,"depth":82,"text":7568},{"id":7762,"depth":82,"text":7763},{"id":7993,"depth":82,"text":7994,"children":9310},[9311,9312,9313,9314],{"id":8003,"depth":115,"text":8004},{"id":8101,"depth":115,"text":8102},{"id":8185,"depth":115,"text":8186},{"id":8258,"depth":115,"text":8259},{"id":8347,"depth":82,"text":8348,"children":9316},[9317,9319],{"id":8360,"depth":115,"text":9318},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8400,"depth":115,"text":9320},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8517,"depth":82,"text":8518},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":9323},[9324,9326,9327,9328],{"id":8687,"depth":115,"text":9325},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8784,"depth":115,"text":8785},{"id":8908,"depth":115,"text":8909},{"id":9015,"depth":115,"text":9329},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9107,"depth":82,"text":9108},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":9332},[9333,9334,9335,9336,9337],{"id":9221,"depth":115,"text":9222},{"id":9232,"depth":115,"text":9233},{"id":9240,"depth":115,"text":9241},{"id":9249,"depth":115,"text":9250},{"id":9258,"depth":115,"text":9259},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7210,"description":9339},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9346,"title":9347,"body":9348,"description":11536,"extension":2201,"meta":11537,"navigation":217,"path":11538,"seo":11539,"stem":11540,"__hash__":11541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9349,"toc":11498},[9350,9356,9362,9369,9374,9385,9392,9501,9505,9573,9578,9583,9588,9591,9602,9607,9610,9621,9628,9630,9635,9639,9664,9668,9677,9681,9744,9748,9781,9785,9830,9834,9871,9875,9878,9934,9938,9983,9986,9991,10030,10034,10057,10060,10074,10087,10091,10096,10163,10167,10203,10206,10214,10217,10281,10285,10317,10323,10325,10385,10392,10395,10473,10477,10510,10514,10517,10561,10565,10601,10604,10621,10624,10627,10680,10683,10693,10700,10709,10712,10770,10774,10815,10822,10830,10836,10844,10856,10861,10872,10945,10948,10960,10975,10979,10984,10988,10990,11033,11039,11041,11104,11108,11111,11120,11125,11162,11166,11169,11177,11180,11219,11223,11226,11277,11281,11302,11309,11311,11317,11344,11347,11401,11403,11414,11416,11423,11431,11437,11442,11449,11452,11459,11466,11468,11495],[10,9351,3809,9353,3813],{"id":9352},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9354,9355],{},"dict()",[20,9357,9358,9359,9361],{},"The built-in ",[15,9360,9355],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9363,9364,9365,9368],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[153,9366,9367],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9370,9371,9373],{},[15,9372,9355],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9375,9376,9379,9382],{},[33,9377,9378],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9380,9381],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9383,9384],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9386,9387,9388,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[293,9389,9391],{"href":9390},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[48,9393,9395],{"className":50,"code":9394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9396,9397,9432,9443,9447,9486],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9398,9399,9402,9404,9407,9409,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9425,9427,9430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9400,9401],{"class":63},"data ",[57,9403,68],{"class":67},[57,9405,9406],{"class":1256}," dict",[57,9408,101],{"class":93},[57,9410,1056],{"class":9411},"s99_P",[57,9413,68],{"class":67},[57,9415,261],{"class":71},[57,9417,5236],{"class":75},[57,9419,261],{"class":71},[57,9421,107],{"class":93},[57,9423,9424],{"class":9411}," age",[57,9426,68],{"class":67},[57,9428,9429],{"class":1023},"25",[57,9431,112],{"class":93},[57,9433,9434,9436,9438,9441],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9435,119],{"class":118},[57,9437,101],{"class":93},[57,9439,9440],{"class":97},"data",[57,9442,112],{"class":93},[57,9444,9445],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,9446,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,9448,9449,9452,9454,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9470,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,9450,9451],{"class":63},"pairs ",[57,9453,68],{"class":67},[57,9455,9456],{"class":93}," [(",[57,9458,261],{"class":71},[57,9460,293],{"class":75},[57,9462,261],{"class":71},[57,9464,107],{"class":93},[57,9466,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9468,9469],{"class":93},"),",[57,9471,9472],{"class":93}," (",[57,9474,261],{"class":71},[57,9476,664],{"class":75},[57,9478,261],{"class":71},[57,9480,107],{"class":93},[57,9482,1024],{"class":1023},[57,9484,9485],{"class":93},")]\n",[57,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9499],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,9489,119],{"class":118},[57,9491,101],{"class":93},[57,9493,9057],{"class":1256},[57,9495,101],{"class":93},[57,9497,9498],{"class":97},"pairs",[57,9500,640],{"class":93},[20,9502,9503],{},[153,9504,243],{},[48,9506,9508],{"className":50,"code":9507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9509,9510,9545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9511,9512,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539,9542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9513,9514],{"class":93},"{",[57,9516,261],{"class":71},[57,9518,1056],{"class":75},[57,9520,261],{"class":71},[57,9522,1016],{"class":93},[57,9524,271],{"class":71},[57,9526,5236],{"class":75},[57,9528,261],{"class":71},[57,9530,107],{"class":93},[57,9532,271],{"class":71},[57,9534,1065],{"class":75},[57,9536,261],{"class":71},[57,9538,1016],{"class":93},[57,9540,9541],{"class":1023}," 25",[57,9543,9544],{"class":93},"}\n",[57,9546,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9548,9514],{"class":93},[57,9550,261],{"class":71},[57,9552,293],{"class":75},[57,9554,261],{"class":71},[57,9556,1016],{"class":93},[57,9558,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9560,107],{"class":93},[57,9562,271],{"class":71},[57,9564,664],{"class":75},[57,9566,261],{"class":71},[57,9568,1016],{"class":93},[57,9570,1024],{"class":1023},[57,9572,9544],{"class":93},[20,9574,136,9575,9577],{},[15,9576,9355],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[43,9579,143,9581,146],{"id":9580},"what-dict-does",[15,9582,9355],{},[20,9584,9585,9587],{},[15,9586,9355],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9589,9590],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9592,9593,9596,9599],{},[33,9594,9595],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9597,9598],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9600,9601],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9603,9604,9606],{},[15,9605,9355],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9608,9609],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9611,9612,9615,9618],{},[33,9613,9614],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9616,9617],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9619,9620],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9622,9623,9624,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[293,9625,9627],{"href":9626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[43,9629,300],{"id":299},[20,9631,9632,9634],{},[15,9633,9355],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[572,9636,9638],{"id":9637},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[48,9640,9642],{"className":50,"code":9641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9643,9644,9654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9645,9646,9648,9650,9652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9647,9401],{"class":63},[57,9649,68],{"class":67},[57,9651,9406],{"class":1256},[57,9653,212],{"class":93},[57,9655,9656,9658,9660,9662],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9657,119],{"class":118},[57,9659,101],{"class":93},[57,9661,9440],{"class":97},[57,9663,112],{"class":93},[20,9665,9666],{},[153,9667,243],{},[48,9669,9671],{"className":50,"code":9670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n",[15,9672,9673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9674,9675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9676,9670],{"class":93},[572,9678,9680],{"id":9679},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[48,9682,9684],{"className":50,"code":9683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9685,9686,9720,9734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9687,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9689,9451],{"class":63},[57,9691,68],{"class":67},[57,9693,9456],{"class":93},[57,9695,261],{"class":71},[57,9697,293],{"class":75},[57,9699,261],{"class":71},[57,9701,107],{"class":93},[57,9703,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9705,9469],{"class":93},[57,9707,9472],{"class":93},[57,9709,261],{"class":71},[57,9711,664],{"class":75},[57,9713,261],{"class":71},[57,9715,107],{"class":93},[57,9717,1024],{"class":1023},[57,9719,9485],{"class":93},[57,9721,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9723,9401],{"class":63},[57,9725,68],{"class":67},[57,9727,9406],{"class":1256},[57,9729,101],{"class":93},[57,9731,9498],{"class":97},[57,9733,112],{"class":93},[57,9735,9736,9738,9740,9742],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,9737,119],{"class":118},[57,9739,101],{"class":93},[57,9741,9440],{"class":97},[57,9743,112],{"class":93},[20,9745,9746],{},[153,9747,243],{},[48,9749,9751],{"className":50,"code":9750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9752,9753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9754,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9756,9514],{"class":93},[57,9758,261],{"class":71},[57,9760,293],{"class":75},[57,9762,261],{"class":71},[57,9764,1016],{"class":93},[57,9766,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9768,107],{"class":93},[57,9770,271],{"class":71},[57,9772,664],{"class":75},[57,9774,261],{"class":71},[57,9776,1016],{"class":93},[57,9778,1024],{"class":1023},[57,9780,9544],{"class":93},[572,9782,9784],{"id":9783},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[48,9786,9788],{"className":50,"code":9787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9789,9790,9820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9791,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9793,9401],{"class":63},[57,9795,68],{"class":67},[57,9797,9406],{"class":1256},[57,9799,101],{"class":93},[57,9801,1056],{"class":9411},[57,9803,68],{"class":67},[57,9805,261],{"class":71},[57,9807,5236],{"class":75},[57,9809,261],{"class":71},[57,9811,107],{"class":93},[57,9813,9424],{"class":9411},[57,9815,68],{"class":67},[57,9817,9429],{"class":1023},[57,9819,112],{"class":93},[57,9821,9822,9824,9826,9828],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9823,119],{"class":118},[57,9825,101],{"class":93},[57,9827,9440],{"class":97},[57,9829,112],{"class":93},[20,9831,9832],{},[153,9833,243],{},[48,9835,9837],{"className":50,"code":9836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9838,9839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9842,9514],{"class":93},[57,9844,261],{"class":71},[57,9846,1056],{"class":75},[57,9848,261],{"class":71},[57,9850,1016],{"class":93},[57,9852,271],{"class":71},[57,9854,5236],{"class":75},[57,9856,261],{"class":71},[57,9858,107],{"class":93},[57,9860,271],{"class":71},[57,9862,1065],{"class":75},[57,9864,261],{"class":71},[57,9866,1016],{"class":93},[57,9868,9541],{"class":1023},[57,9870,9544],{"class":93},[572,9872,9874],{"id":9873},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9876,9877],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[48,9879,9881],{"className":50,"code":9880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9882,9883,9924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9884,9885,9887,9889,9891,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9918,9920,9922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9886,9401],{"class":63},[57,9888,68],{"class":67},[57,9890,9406],{"class":1256},[57,9892,9893],{"class":93},"([(",[57,9895,261],{"class":71},[57,9897,293],{"class":75},[57,9899,261],{"class":71},[57,9901,107],{"class":93},[57,9903,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9905,9906],{"class":93},")],",[57,9908,2795],{"class":9411},[57,9910,68],{"class":67},[57,9912,1931],{"class":1023},[57,9914,107],{"class":93},[57,9916,9917],{"class":9411}," c",[57,9919,68],{"class":67},[57,9921,2299],{"class":1023},[57,9923,112],{"class":93},[57,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,9927,119],{"class":118},[57,9929,101],{"class":93},[57,9931,9440],{"class":97},[57,9933,112],{"class":93},[20,9935,9936],{},[153,9937,243],{},[48,9939,9941],{"className":50,"code":9940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9942,9943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9946,9514],{"class":93},[57,9948,261],{"class":71},[57,9950,293],{"class":75},[57,9952,261],{"class":71},[57,9954,1016],{"class":93},[57,9956,1143],{"class":1023},[57,9958,107],{"class":93},[57,9960,271],{"class":71},[57,9962,664],{"class":75},[57,9964,261],{"class":71},[57,9966,1016],{"class":93},[57,9968,1024],{"class":1023},[57,9970,107],{"class":93},[57,9972,271],{"class":71},[57,9974,673],{"class":75},[57,9976,261],{"class":71},[57,9978,1016],{"class":93},[57,9980,2686],{"class":1023},[57,9982,9544],{"class":93},[43,9984,9638],{"id":9985},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9987,136,9988,9990],{},[15,9989,9355],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[48,9992,9994],{"className":50,"code":9993,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9995,9996,10006,10020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9997,9998,10000,10002,10004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9999,9401],{"class":63},[57,10001,68],{"class":67},[57,10003,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10005,212],{"class":93},[57,10007,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10009,119],{"class":118},[57,10011,101],{"class":93},[57,10013,1257],{"class":1256},[57,10015,101],{"class":93},[57,10017,9440],{"class":97},[57,10019,640],{"class":93},[57,10021,10022,10024,10026,10028],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,10023,119],{"class":118},[57,10025,101],{"class":93},[57,10027,9440],{"class":97},[57,10029,112],{"class":93},[20,10031,10032],{},[153,10033,243],{},[48,10035,10037],{"className":50,"code":10036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10038,10039,10053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10040,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10042,1323],{"class":67},[57,10044,1327],{"class":1326},[57,10046,271],{"class":71},[57,10048,9057],{"class":75},[57,10050,261],{"class":71},[57,10052,1336],{"class":67},[57,10054,10055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10056,9670],{"class":93},[20,10058,10059],{},"This gives the same result as:",[48,10061,10063],{"className":50,"code":10062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n",[15,10064,10065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10066,10067,10069,10071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10068,9401],{"class":63},[57,10070,68],{"class":67},[57,10072,10073],{"class":93}," {}\n",[20,10075,10076,10077,10079,10080,10083,10084,10086],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10078,4026],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10081,10082],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10085,9355],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[43,10088,10090],{"id":10089},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10092,10093,10094,94],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10095,9355],{},[48,10097,10099],{"className":50,"code":10098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10100,10101,10139,10153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10102,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10104,9451],{"class":63},[57,10106,68],{"class":67},[57,10108,9456],{"class":93},[57,10110,261],{"class":71},[57,10112,1056],{"class":75},[57,10114,261],{"class":71},[57,10116,107],{"class":93},[57,10118,271],{"class":71},[57,10120,5236],{"class":75},[57,10122,261],{"class":71},[57,10124,9469],{"class":93},[57,10126,9472],{"class":93},[57,10128,261],{"class":71},[57,10130,1065],{"class":75},[57,10132,261],{"class":71},[57,10134,107],{"class":93},[57,10136,9541],{"class":1023},[57,10138,9485],{"class":93},[57,10140,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10142,9401],{"class":63},[57,10144,68],{"class":67},[57,10146,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10148,101],{"class":93},[57,10150,9498],{"class":97},[57,10152,112],{"class":93},[57,10154,10155,10157,10159,10161],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,10156,119],{"class":118},[57,10158,101],{"class":93},[57,10160,9440],{"class":97},[57,10162,112],{"class":93},[20,10164,10165],{},[153,10166,243],{},[48,10168,10169],{"className":50,"code":9836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10170,10171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10172,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10174,9514],{"class":93},[57,10176,261],{"class":71},[57,10178,1056],{"class":75},[57,10180,261],{"class":71},[57,10182,1016],{"class":93},[57,10184,271],{"class":71},[57,10186,5236],{"class":75},[57,10188,261],{"class":71},[57,10190,107],{"class":93},[57,10192,271],{"class":71},[57,10194,1065],{"class":75},[57,10196,261],{"class":71},[57,10198,1016],{"class":93},[57,10200,9541],{"class":1023},[57,10202,9544],{"class":93},[20,10204,10205],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,10207,10208,10211],{},[33,10209,10210],{},"the first item as the key",[33,10212,10213],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10215,10216],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[48,10218,10220],{"className":50,"code":10219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10221,10222,10257,10271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10223,10224,10226,10228,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10225,9451],{"class":63},[57,10227,68],{"class":67},[57,10229,10230],{"class":93}," ((",[57,10232,261],{"class":71},[57,10234,293],{"class":75},[57,10236,261],{"class":71},[57,10238,107],{"class":93},[57,10240,1143],{"class":1023},[57,10242,9469],{"class":93},[57,10244,9472],{"class":93},[57,10246,261],{"class":71},[57,10248,664],{"class":75},[57,10250,261],{"class":71},[57,10252,107],{"class":93},[57,10254,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10256,640],{"class":93},[57,10258,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10260,9401],{"class":63},[57,10262,68],{"class":67},[57,10264,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10266,101],{"class":93},[57,10268,9498],{"class":97},[57,10270,112],{"class":93},[57,10272,10273,10275,10277,10279],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,10274,119],{"class":118},[57,10276,101],{"class":93},[57,10278,9440],{"class":97},[57,10280,112],{"class":93},[20,10282,10283],{},[153,10284,243],{},[48,10286,10287],{"className":50,"code":9750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10288,10289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10290,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10292,9514],{"class":93},[57,10294,261],{"class":71},[57,10296,293],{"class":75},[57,10298,261],{"class":71},[57,10300,1016],{"class":93},[57,10302,1143],{"class":1023},[57,10304,107],{"class":93},[57,10306,271],{"class":71},[57,10308,664],{"class":75},[57,10310,261],{"class":71},[57,10312,1016],{"class":93},[57,10314,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10316,9544],{"class":93},[20,10318,10319,10320,94],{},"Each item must contain ",[153,10321,10322],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10324,3072],{},[48,10326,10328],{"className":50,"code":10327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10329,10330,10370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10331,10332,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10333,10334],{"class":63},"bad_data ",[57,10336,68],{"class":67},[57,10338,9456],{"class":93},[57,10340,261],{"class":71},[57,10342,293],{"class":75},[57,10344,261],{"class":71},[57,10346,107],{"class":93},[57,10348,1143],{"class":1023},[57,10350,107],{"class":93},[57,10352,10353],{"class":1023}," 100",[57,10355,9469],{"class":93},[57,10357,9472],{"class":93},[57,10359,261],{"class":71},[57,10361,664],{"class":75},[57,10363,261],{"class":71},[57,10365,107],{"class":93},[57,10367,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10369,9485],{"class":93},[57,10371,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10383],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10373,2463],{"class":63},[57,10375,68],{"class":67},[57,10377,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10379,101],{"class":93},[57,10381,10382],{"class":97},"bad_data",[57,10384,112],{"class":93},[20,10386,10387,10388,10391],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10389,10390],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10393,10394],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[48,10396,10398],{"className":50,"code":10397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10399,10400,10449,10463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10403,9451],{"class":63},[57,10405,68],{"class":67},[57,10407,9456],{"class":93},[57,10409,261],{"class":71},[57,10411,293],{"class":75},[57,10413,261],{"class":71},[57,10415,107],{"class":93},[57,10417,1143],{"class":1023},[57,10419,9469],{"class":93},[57,10421,9472],{"class":93},[57,10423,261],{"class":71},[57,10425,293],{"class":75},[57,10427,261],{"class":71},[57,10429,107],{"class":93},[57,10431,10432],{"class":1023}," 99",[57,10434,9469],{"class":93},[57,10436,9472],{"class":93},[57,10438,261],{"class":71},[57,10440,664],{"class":75},[57,10442,261],{"class":71},[57,10444,107],{"class":93},[57,10446,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10448,9485],{"class":93},[57,10450,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10452,9401],{"class":63},[57,10454,68],{"class":67},[57,10456,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10458,101],{"class":93},[57,10460,9498],{"class":97},[57,10462,112],{"class":93},[57,10464,10465,10467,10469,10471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,10466,119],{"class":118},[57,10468,101],{"class":93},[57,10470,9440],{"class":97},[57,10472,112],{"class":93},[20,10474,10475],{},[153,10476,243],{},[48,10478,10480],{"className":50,"code":10479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10481,10482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10483,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10485,9514],{"class":93},[57,10487,261],{"class":71},[57,10489,293],{"class":75},[57,10491,261],{"class":71},[57,10493,1016],{"class":93},[57,10495,10432],{"class":1023},[57,10497,107],{"class":93},[57,10499,271],{"class":71},[57,10501,664],{"class":75},[57,10503,261],{"class":71},[57,10505,1016],{"class":93},[57,10507,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10509,9544],{"class":93},[43,10511,10513],{"id":10512},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10515,10516],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[48,10518,10519],{"className":50,"code":9787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10520,10521,10551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10522,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10524,9401],{"class":63},[57,10526,68],{"class":67},[57,10528,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10530,101],{"class":93},[57,10532,1056],{"class":9411},[57,10534,68],{"class":67},[57,10536,261],{"class":71},[57,10538,5236],{"class":75},[57,10540,261],{"class":71},[57,10542,107],{"class":93},[57,10544,9424],{"class":9411},[57,10546,68],{"class":67},[57,10548,9429],{"class":1023},[57,10550,112],{"class":93},[57,10552,10553,10555,10557,10559],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10554,119],{"class":118},[57,10556,101],{"class":93},[57,10558,9440],{"class":97},[57,10560,112],{"class":93},[20,10562,10563],{},[153,10564,243],{},[48,10566,10567],{"className":50,"code":9836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10568,10569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10570,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10572,9514],{"class":93},[57,10574,261],{"class":71},[57,10576,1056],{"class":75},[57,10578,261],{"class":71},[57,10580,1016],{"class":93},[57,10582,271],{"class":71},[57,10584,5236],{"class":75},[57,10586,261],{"class":71},[57,10588,107],{"class":93},[57,10590,271],{"class":71},[57,10592,1065],{"class":75},[57,10594,261],{"class":71},[57,10596,1016],{"class":93},[57,10598,9541],{"class":1023},[57,10600,9544],{"class":93},[20,10602,10603],{},"In this form:",[30,10605,10606,10614],{},[33,10607,10608,10610,10611],{},[15,10609,1056],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10612,10613],{},"'name'",[33,10615,10616,10610,10618],{},[15,10617,1065],{},[15,10619,10620],{},"'age'",[20,10622,10623],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10625,10626],{},"Valid examples:",[48,10628,10630],{"className":50,"code":10629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10631,10632,10670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10633,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10645,10647,10649,10652,10654,10656,10659,10661,10663,10666,10668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10635,9401],{"class":63},[57,10637,68],{"class":67},[57,10639,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10641,101],{"class":93},[57,10643,10644],{"class":9411},"city",[57,10646,68],{"class":67},[57,10648,261],{"class":71},[57,10650,10651],{"class":75},"Paris",[57,10653,261],{"class":71},[57,10655,107],{"class":93},[57,10657,10658],{"class":9411}," country",[57,10660,68],{"class":67},[57,10662,261],{"class":71},[57,10664,10665],{"class":75},"France",[57,10667,261],{"class":71},[57,10669,112],{"class":93},[57,10671,10672,10674,10676,10678],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10673,119],{"class":118},[57,10675,101],{"class":93},[57,10677,9440],{"class":97},[57,10679,112],{"class":93},[20,10681,10682],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10684,10685,10687,10690],{},[33,10686,442],{},[33,10688,10689],{},"hyphens",[33,10691,10692],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10694,10695,10696,10699],{},"For example, this is ",[153,10697,10698],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[48,10701,10703],{"className":50,"code":10702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10704,10705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10706,10707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10708,10702],{"class":132},[20,10710,10711],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[48,10713,10715],{"className":50,"code":10714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10716,10717,10760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10718,10719,10721,10723,10726,10728,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10720,9401],{"class":63},[57,10722,68],{"class":67},[57,10724,10725],{"class":93}," {",[57,10727,261],{"class":71},[57,10729,10730],{"class":75},"first-name",[57,10732,261],{"class":71},[57,10734,1016],{"class":93},[57,10736,271],{"class":71},[57,10738,7911],{"class":75},[57,10740,261],{"class":71},[57,10742,107],{"class":93},[57,10744,271],{"class":71},[57,10746,10747],{"class":75},"first name",[57,10749,261],{"class":71},[57,10751,1016],{"class":93},[57,10753,271],{"class":71},[57,10755,7911],{"class":75},[57,10757,261],{"class":71},[57,10759,9544],{"class":93},[57,10761,10762,10764,10766,10768],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10763,119],{"class":118},[57,10765,101],{"class":93},[57,10767,9440],{"class":97},[57,10769,112],{"class":93},[20,10771,10772],{},[153,10773,243],{},[48,10775,10777],{"className":50,"code":10776,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10778,10779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10780,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10782,9514],{"class":93},[57,10784,261],{"class":71},[57,10786,10730],{"class":75},[57,10788,261],{"class":71},[57,10790,1016],{"class":93},[57,10792,271],{"class":71},[57,10794,7911],{"class":75},[57,10796,261],{"class":71},[57,10798,107],{"class":93},[57,10800,271],{"class":71},[57,10802,10747],{"class":75},[57,10804,261],{"class":71},[57,10806,1016],{"class":93},[57,10808,271],{"class":71},[57,10810,7911],{"class":75},[57,10812,261],{"class":71},[57,10814,9544],{"class":93},[43,10816,10818,577,10820],{"id":10817},"dict-vs",[15,10819,9355],{},[15,10821,4026],{},[20,10823,10824,10825,2082,10827,10829],{},"Both ",[15,10826,9355],{},[15,10828,4026],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[572,10831,136,10833,10835],{"id":10832},"use-when",[15,10834,4026],{}," when:",[30,10837,10838,10841],{},[33,10839,10840],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10842,10843],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[48,10845,10846],{"className":50,"code":10062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10847,10848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10849,10850,10852,10854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10851,9401],{"class":63},[57,10853,68],{"class":67},[57,10855,10073],{"class":93},[572,10857,136,10859,10835],{"id":10858},"use-dict-when",[15,10860,9355],{},[30,10862,10863,10866,10869],{},[33,10864,10865],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10867,10868],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10870,10871],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[48,10873,10875],{"className":50,"code":10874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10876,10877,10914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10880,9401],{"class":63},[57,10882,68],{"class":67},[57,10884,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10886,9893],{"class":93},[57,10888,261],{"class":71},[57,10890,293],{"class":75},[57,10892,261],{"class":71},[57,10894,107],{"class":93},[57,10896,1143],{"class":1023},[57,10898,9469],{"class":93},[57,10900,9472],{"class":93},[57,10902,261],{"class":71},[57,10904,664],{"class":75},[57,10906,261],{"class":71},[57,10908,107],{"class":93},[57,10910,1024],{"class":1023},[57,10912,10913],{"class":93},")])\n",[57,10915,10916,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,10917,10918],{"class":63},"info ",[57,10920,68],{"class":67},[57,10922,9406],{"class":1256},[57,10924,101],{"class":93},[57,10926,1056],{"class":9411},[57,10928,68],{"class":67},[57,10930,261],{"class":71},[57,10932,5236],{"class":75},[57,10934,261],{"class":71},[57,10936,107],{"class":93},[57,10938,9424],{"class":9411},[57,10940,68],{"class":67},[57,10942,9429],{"class":1023},[57,10944,112],{"class":93},[20,10946,10947],{},"So:",[30,10949,10950,10955],{},[33,10951,10952,10954],{},[15,10953,4026],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10956,10957,10959],{},[15,10958,9355],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10961,10962,10963,10967,10968,94],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[293,10964,10966],{"href":10965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[293,10969,10971,10972,742],{"href":10970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10973,10974],{},"get()",[43,10976,10978],{"id":10977},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10980,10981,10982,94],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10983,9355],{},[572,10985,10987],{"id":10986},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10989,4758],{},[48,10991,10993],{"className":50,"code":10992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10994,10995,11019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10996,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10998,8014],{"class":63},[57,11000,68],{"class":67},[57,11002,1380],{"class":93},[57,11004,261],{"class":71},[57,11006,293],{"class":75},[57,11008,261],{"class":71},[57,11010,107],{"class":93},[57,11012,271],{"class":71},[57,11014,664],{"class":75},[57,11016,261],{"class":71},[57,11018,288],{"class":93},[57,11020,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11022,9401],{"class":63},[57,11024,68],{"class":67},[57,11026,9406],{"class":1256},[57,11028,101],{"class":93},[57,11030,8045],{"class":97},[57,11032,112],{"class":93},[20,11034,11035,11036,94],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11037,11038],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11040,1783],{},[48,11042,11044],{"className":50,"code":11043,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11045,11046,11080,11094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11047,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11049,8014],{"class":63},[57,11051,68],{"class":67},[57,11053,9456],{"class":93},[57,11055,261],{"class":71},[57,11057,293],{"class":75},[57,11059,261],{"class":71},[57,11061,107],{"class":93},[57,11063,1143],{"class":1023},[57,11065,9469],{"class":93},[57,11067,9472],{"class":93},[57,11069,261],{"class":71},[57,11071,664],{"class":75},[57,11073,261],{"class":71},[57,11075,107],{"class":93},[57,11077,1024],{"class":1023},[57,11079,9485],{"class":93},[57,11081,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11083,9401],{"class":63},[57,11085,68],{"class":67},[57,11087,9406],{"class":1256},[57,11089,101],{"class":93},[57,11091,8045],{"class":97},[57,11093,112],{"class":93},[57,11095,11096,11098,11100,11102],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,11097,119],{"class":118},[57,11099,101],{"class":93},[57,11101,9440],{"class":97},[57,11103,112],{"class":93},[572,11105,11107],{"id":11106},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11109,11110],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[48,11112,11114],{"className":50,"code":11113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11115,11116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11117,11118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11119,11113],{"class":132},[20,11121,11122,11123,1016],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11124,68],{},[48,11126,11128],{"className":50,"code":11127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11129,11130,11152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11131,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11133,9401],{"class":63},[57,11135,68],{"class":67},[57,11137,9406],{"class":1256},[57,11139,101],{"class":93},[57,11141,1056],{"class":9411},[57,11143,68],{"class":67},[57,11145,261],{"class":71},[57,11147,5236],{"class":75},[57,11149,261],{"class":71},[57,11151,112],{"class":93},[57,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11155,119],{"class":118},[57,11157,101],{"class":93},[57,11159,9440],{"class":97},[57,11161,112],{"class":93},[572,11163,11165],{"id":11164},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11167,11168],{},"This will not work:",[48,11170,11171],{"className":50,"code":10702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,11172,11173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11174,11175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11176,10702],{"class":132},[20,11178,11179],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[48,11181,11183],{"className":50,"code":11182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11184,11185,11209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11186,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11188,9401],{"class":63},[57,11190,68],{"class":67},[57,11192,10725],{"class":93},[57,11194,261],{"class":71},[57,11196,10730],{"class":75},[57,11198,261],{"class":71},[57,11200,1016],{"class":93},[57,11202,271],{"class":71},[57,11204,7911],{"class":75},[57,11206,261],{"class":71},[57,11208,9544],{"class":93},[57,11210,11211,11213,11215,11217],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11212,119],{"class":118},[57,11214,101],{"class":93},[57,11216,9440],{"class":97},[57,11218,112],{"class":93},[572,11220,11222],{"id":11221},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11224,11225],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[48,11227,11229],{"className":50,"code":11228,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11230,11231,11267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11232,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11234,9401],{"class":63},[57,11236,68],{"class":67},[57,11238,9406],{"class":1256},[57,11240,9893],{"class":93},[57,11242,261],{"class":71},[57,11244,2409],{"class":75},[57,11246,261],{"class":71},[57,11248,107],{"class":93},[57,11250,1143],{"class":1023},[57,11252,9469],{"class":93},[57,11254,9472],{"class":93},[57,11256,261],{"class":71},[57,11258,2409],{"class":75},[57,11260,261],{"class":71},[57,11262,107],{"class":93},[57,11264,1024],{"class":1023},[57,11266,10913],{"class":93},[57,11268,11269,11271,11273,11275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11270,119],{"class":118},[57,11272,101],{"class":93},[57,11274,9440],{"class":97},[57,11276,112],{"class":93},[20,11278,11279],{},[153,11280,243],{},[48,11282,11284],{"className":50,"code":11283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11285,11286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11287,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11289,9514],{"class":93},[57,11291,261],{"class":71},[57,11293,2409],{"class":75},[57,11295,261],{"class":71},[57,11297,1016],{"class":93},[57,11299,1024],{"class":1023},[57,11301,9544],{"class":93},[20,11303,11304,11305,94],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[293,11306,11308],{"href":11307},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[43,11310,1673],{"id":1672},[20,11312,11313,11314,11316],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11315,9355],{}," include:",[30,11318,11319,11329,11335,11338],{},[33,11320,11321,11322,11325,11326],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11323,11324],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11327,11328],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11330,11331,11332],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11333,11334],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11336,11337],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11339,11340,11341,11343],{},"confusing ",[15,11342,9355],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11345,11346],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,11348,11350],{"className":50,"code":11349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11351,11352,11366,11376,11387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11353,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11355,119],{"class":118},[57,11357,101],{"class":93},[57,11359,1257],{"class":1256},[57,11361,101],{"class":93},[57,11363,9440],{"class":97},[57,11365,640],{"class":93},[57,11367,11368,11370,11372,11374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11369,119],{"class":118},[57,11371,101],{"class":93},[57,11373,9440],{"class":97},[57,11375,112],{"class":93},[57,11377,11378,11380,11382,11385],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,11379,119],{"class":118},[57,11381,101],{"class":93},[57,11383,11384],{"class":97},"list_of_pairs",[57,11386,112],{"class":93},[57,11388,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,11390,119],{"class":118},[57,11392,101],{"class":93},[57,11394,2009],{"class":118},[57,11396,101],{"class":93},[57,11398,11384],{"class":97},[57,11400,640],{"class":93},[20,11402,2057],{},[30,11404,11405,11408,11411],{},[33,11406,11407],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,11409,11410],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,11412,11413],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[43,11415,2075],{"id":2074},[572,11417,2079,11419,2082,11421,2085],{"id":11418},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11420,9355],{},[15,11422,4026],{},[20,11424,11425,11427,11428,11430],{},[15,11426,4026],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11429,9355],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[572,11432,5402,11434,11436],{"id":11433},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11435,9355],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11438,11439,11440,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11441,11328],{},[572,11443,5390,11445,11448],{"id":11444},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11446,11447],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11450,11451],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[572,11453,11455,11456,11458],{"id":11454},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11457,9355],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11460,11461,11462,11465],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11463,11464],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[43,11467,2132],{"id":2131},[30,11469,11470,11475,11479,11484,11490],{},[33,11471,11472],{},[293,11473,11474],{"href":9626},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11476,11477],{},[293,11478,9391],{"href":9390},[33,11480,11481],{},[293,11482,11483],{"href":10965},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11485,11486],{},[293,11487,10971,11488,742],{"href":10970},[15,11489,10974],{},[33,11491,11492],{},[293,11493,11494],{"href":11307},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2161,11496,11497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":11499},[11500,11502,11508,11509,11510,11511,11518,11524,11525,11535],{"id":9580,"depth":82,"text":11501},"What dict() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":11503},[11504,11505,11506,11507],{"id":9637,"depth":115,"text":9638},{"id":9679,"depth":115,"text":9680},{"id":9783,"depth":115,"text":9784},{"id":9873,"depth":115,"text":9874},{"id":9985,"depth":82,"text":9638},{"id":10089,"depth":82,"text":10090},{"id":10512,"depth":82,"text":10513},{"id":10817,"depth":82,"text":11512,"children":11513},"dict() vs {}",[11514,11516],{"id":10832,"depth":115,"text":11515},"Use {} when:",{"id":10858,"depth":115,"text":11517},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10977,"depth":82,"text":10978,"children":11519},[11520,11521,11522,11523],{"id":10986,"depth":115,"text":10987},{"id":11106,"depth":115,"text":11107},{"id":11164,"depth":115,"text":11165},{"id":11221,"depth":115,"text":11222},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":11526},[11527,11529,11531,11533],{"id":11418,"depth":115,"text":11528},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11433,"depth":115,"text":11530},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11444,"depth":115,"text":11532},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11454,"depth":115,"text":11534},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9347,"description":11536},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11543,"title":11544,"body":11545,"description":13053,"extension":2201,"meta":13054,"navigation":217,"path":13055,"seo":13056,"stem":13057,"__hash__":13058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11546,"toc":13022},[11547,11554,11560,11567,11569,11630,11635,11640,11645,11663,11666,11670,11672,11688,11691,11704,11708,11711,11845,11847,11914,11917,11933,11938,11944,11947,12029,12031,12045,12049,12055,12120,12122,12130,12133,12156,12162,12225,12231,12234,12248,12261,12265,12276,12281,12292,12299,12303,12309,12430,12432,12458,12461,12478,12481,12592,12594,12643,12645,12658,12667,12672,12677,12688,12690,12793,12816,12818,12822,12841,12844,12902,12905,12931,12933,12939,12942,12948,12952,12959,12967,12973,12976,12978,13019],[10,11548,11550,11551,18],{"id":11549},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11552,11553],{},"clear()",[20,11555,11556,11559],{},[15,11557,11558],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11561,11562,11563,11566],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[153,11564,11565],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[43,11568,46],{"id":45},[48,11570,11572],{"className":50,"code":11571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11573,11574,11606,11617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11575,11576,11578,11580,11582,11584,11586,11588,11590,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602,11604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11577,9401],{"class":63},[57,11579,68],{"class":67},[57,11581,10725],{"class":93},[57,11583,104],{"class":71},[57,11585,293],{"class":75},[57,11587,104],{"class":71},[57,11589,1016],{"class":93},[57,11591,1143],{"class":1023},[57,11593,107],{"class":93},[57,11595,72],{"class":71},[57,11597,664],{"class":75},[57,11599,104],{"class":71},[57,11601,1016],{"class":93},[57,11603,1024],{"class":1023},[57,11605,9544],{"class":93},[57,11607,11608,11610,11612,11615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11609,9440],{"class":63},[57,11611,94],{"class":93},[57,11613,11614],{"class":97},"clear",[57,11616,212],{"class":93},[57,11618,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,11620,119],{"class":118},[57,11622,101],{"class":93},[57,11624,9440],{"class":97},[57,11626,3896],{"class":93},[57,11628,11629],{"class":132},"  # {}\n",[20,11631,11632,11634],{},[15,11633,11553],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[43,11636,143,11638,146],{"id":11637},"what-clear-does",[15,11639,11553],{},[20,11641,2218,11642,11644],{},[15,11643,11553],{}," method:",[30,11646,11647,11650,11653,11658],{},[33,11648,11649],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11651,11652],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11654,11655,11656],{},"Returns ",[15,11657,4012],{},[33,11659,11660,11661],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11662,4026],{},[20,11664,11665],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11667,9387,11668,94],{},[293,11669,9391],{"href":9390},[43,11671,300],{"id":299},[48,11673,11675],{"className":50,"code":11674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11676,11677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11678,11679,11682,11684,11686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11680,11681],{"class":63},"my_dict",[57,11683,94],{"class":93},[57,11685,11614],{"class":97},[57,11687,212],{"class":93},[20,11689,11690],{},"Important points:",[30,11692,11693,11698,11701],{},[33,11694,11695,11697],{},[15,11696,11553],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11699,11700],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11702,11703],{},"It empties that dictionary",[43,11705,11707],{"id":11706},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11709,11710],{},"Here is a basic example:",[48,11712,11714],{"className":50,"code":11713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11715,11716,11726,11747,11761,11778,11782,11786,11806,11810,11821,11825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11717,11718,11721,11723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11719,11720],{"class":63},"user ",[57,11722,68],{"class":67},[57,11724,11725],{"class":93}," {\n",[57,11727,11728,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11742,11744],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11729,11730],{"class":71},"    \"",[57,11732,1056],{"class":75},[57,11734,104],{"class":71},[57,11736,1016],{"class":93},[57,11738,72],{"class":71},[57,11740,11741],{"class":75},"Maya",[57,11743,104],{"class":71},[57,11745,11746],{"class":93},",\n",[57,11748,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,11750,11730],{"class":71},[57,11752,1065],{"class":75},[57,11754,104],{"class":71},[57,11756,1016],{"class":93},[57,11758,9541],{"class":1023},[57,11760,11746],{"class":93},[57,11762,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11776],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,11764,11730],{"class":71},[57,11766,10644],{"class":75},[57,11768,104],{"class":71},[57,11770,1016],{"class":93},[57,11772,72],{"class":71},[57,11774,11775],{"class":75},"Berlin",[57,11777,79],{"class":71},[57,11779,11780],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,11781,9544],{"class":93},[57,11783,11784],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,11785,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,11787,11788,11790,11792,11794,11797,11799,11801,11804],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,11789,119],{"class":118},[57,11791,101],{"class":93},[57,11793,104],{"class":71},[57,11795,11796],{"class":75},"Before:",[57,11798,104],{"class":71},[57,11800,107],{"class":93},[57,11802,11803],{"class":97}," user",[57,11805,112],{"class":93},[57,11807,11808],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,11809,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,11811,11812,11815,11817,11819],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,11813,11814],{"class":63},"user",[57,11816,94],{"class":93},[57,11818,11614],{"class":97},[57,11820,212],{"class":93},[57,11822,11823],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,11824,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11837,11839,11841,11843],{"class":59,"line":11827},11,[57,11829,119],{"class":118},[57,11831,101],{"class":93},[57,11833,104],{"class":71},[57,11835,11836],{"class":75},"After:",[57,11838,104],{"class":71},[57,11840,107],{"class":93},[57,11842,11803],{"class":97},[57,11844,112],{"class":93},[20,11846,5792],{},[48,11848,11850],{"className":50,"code":11849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11851,11852,11905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11853,11854,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901,11903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11855,11856],{"class":63},"Before",[57,11858,1016],{"class":93},[57,11860,10725],{"class":93},[57,11862,261],{"class":71},[57,11864,1056],{"class":75},[57,11866,261],{"class":71},[57,11868,1016],{"class":93},[57,11870,271],{"class":71},[57,11872,11741],{"class":75},[57,11874,261],{"class":71},[57,11876,107],{"class":93},[57,11878,271],{"class":71},[57,11880,1065],{"class":75},[57,11882,261],{"class":71},[57,11884,1016],{"class":93},[57,11886,9541],{"class":1023},[57,11888,107],{"class":93},[57,11890,271],{"class":71},[57,11892,10644],{"class":75},[57,11894,261],{"class":71},[57,11896,1016],{"class":93},[57,11898,271],{"class":71},[57,11900,11775],{"class":75},[57,11902,261],{"class":71},[57,11904,9544],{"class":93},[57,11906,11907,11910,11912],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11908,11909],{"class":63},"After",[57,11911,1016],{"class":93},[57,11913,10073],{"class":93},[20,11915,11916],{},"What happens here:",[30,11918,11919,11924,11930],{},[33,11920,11921,11923],{},[15,11922,11814],{}," starts with three items",[33,11925,11926,11929],{},[15,11927,11928],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11931,11932],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[43,11934,143,11936,1179],{"id":11935},"what-clear-returns",[15,11937,11553],{},[20,11939,11940,2631,11942,94],{},[15,11941,11553],{},[15,11943,4012],{},[20,11945,11946],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,11948,11950],{"className":50,"code":11949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11951,11952,11986,11990,12005,12009,12019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11953,11954,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11978,11980,11982,11984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11955,11956],{"class":63},"my_dict ",[57,11958,68],{"class":67},[57,11960,10725],{"class":93},[57,11962,104],{"class":71},[57,11964,2409],{"class":75},[57,11966,104],{"class":71},[57,11968,1016],{"class":93},[57,11970,1143],{"class":1023},[57,11972,107],{"class":93},[57,11974,72],{"class":71},[57,11976,11977],{"class":75},"y",[57,11979,104],{"class":71},[57,11981,1016],{"class":93},[57,11983,1024],{"class":1023},[57,11985,9544],{"class":93},[57,11987,11988],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,11989,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,11991,11992,11994,11996,11999,12001,12003],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,11993,2463],{"class":63},[57,11995,68],{"class":67},[57,11997,11998],{"class":63}," my_dict",[57,12000,94],{"class":93},[57,12002,11614],{"class":97},[57,12004,212],{"class":93},[57,12006,12007],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12008,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,12012,119],{"class":118},[57,12014,101],{"class":93},[57,12016,2498],{"class":97},[57,12018,112],{"class":93},[57,12020,12021,12023,12025,12027],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,12022,119],{"class":118},[57,12024,101],{"class":93},[57,12026,11681],{"class":97},[57,12028,112],{"class":93},[20,12030,243],{},[48,12032,12034],{"className":50,"code":12033,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{}\n",[15,12035,12036,12041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12037,12038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12039,12040],{"class":4085},"None\n",[57,12042,12043],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12044,9670],{"class":93},[572,12046,12048],{"id":12047},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12050,12051,12052,12054],{},"Do ",[153,12053,175],{}," do this:",[48,12056,12058],{"className":50,"code":12057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12059,12060,12092,12106,12110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12061,12062,12064,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074,12076,12078,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12063,11956],{"class":63},[57,12065,68],{"class":67},[57,12067,10725],{"class":93},[57,12069,104],{"class":71},[57,12071,2409],{"class":75},[57,12073,104],{"class":71},[57,12075,1016],{"class":93},[57,12077,1143],{"class":1023},[57,12079,107],{"class":93},[57,12081,72],{"class":71},[57,12083,11977],{"class":75},[57,12085,104],{"class":71},[57,12087,1016],{"class":93},[57,12089,1024],{"class":1023},[57,12091,9544],{"class":93},[57,12093,12094,12096,12098,12100,12102,12104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12095,11956],{"class":63},[57,12097,68],{"class":67},[57,12099,11998],{"class":63},[57,12101,94],{"class":93},[57,12103,11614],{"class":97},[57,12105,212],{"class":93},[57,12107,12108],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12109,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12111,12112,12114,12116,12118],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12113,119],{"class":118},[57,12115,101],{"class":93},[57,12117,11681],{"class":97},[57,12119,112],{"class":93},[20,12121,243],{},[48,12123,12124],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,12125,12126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12127,12128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12129,12040],{"class":4085},[20,12131,12132],{},"Why this happens:",[30,12134,12135,12141,12146],{},[33,12136,12137,12140],{},[15,12138,12139],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,12142,12143,12144],{},"The method returns ",[15,12145,4012],{},[33,12147,12148,12149,12152,12153,12155],{},"Then ",[15,12150,12151],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12154,4012],{}," in the variable",[20,12157,12158,12159,12161],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12160,11553],{}," by itself:",[48,12163,12165],{"className":50,"code":12164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12166,12167,12199,12209,12213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12168,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181,12183,12185,12187,12189,12191,12193,12195,12197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12170,11956],{"class":63},[57,12172,68],{"class":67},[57,12174,10725],{"class":93},[57,12176,104],{"class":71},[57,12178,2409],{"class":75},[57,12180,104],{"class":71},[57,12182,1016],{"class":93},[57,12184,1143],{"class":1023},[57,12186,107],{"class":93},[57,12188,72],{"class":71},[57,12190,11977],{"class":75},[57,12192,104],{"class":71},[57,12194,1016],{"class":93},[57,12196,1024],{"class":1023},[57,12198,9544],{"class":93},[57,12200,12201,12203,12205,12207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12202,11681],{"class":63},[57,12204,94],{"class":93},[57,12206,11614],{"class":97},[57,12208,212],{"class":93},[57,12210,12211],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12212,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12214,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12216,119],{"class":118},[57,12218,101],{"class":93},[57,12220,11681],{"class":97},[57,12222,3896],{"class":93},[57,12224,11629],{"class":132},[43,12226,12228,12230],{"id":12227},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12229,11553],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12232,12233],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[48,12235,12236],{"className":50,"code":11674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,12237,12238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12239,12240,12242,12244,12246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12241,11681],{"class":63},[57,12243,94],{"class":93},[57,12245,11614],{"class":97},[57,12247,212],{"class":93},[48,12249,12251],{"className":50,"code":12250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12252,12253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12254,12255,12257,12259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12256,11956],{"class":63},[57,12258,68],{"class":67},[57,12260,10073],{"class":93},[572,12262,12263],{"id":11614},[15,12264,11553],{},[30,12266,12267,12270,12273],{},[33,12268,12269],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,12271,12272],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,12274,12275],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[572,12277,12278],{"id":11681},[15,12279,12280],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,12282,12283,12286,12289],{},[33,12284,12285],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,12287,12288],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,12290,12291],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12293,12294,12295,94],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[293,12296,12298],{"href":12297},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[43,12300,12302],{"id":12301},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12304,12305,12306,12308],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12307,11553],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[48,12310,12312],{"className":50,"code":12311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12313,12314,12347,12357,12361,12372,12376,12396,12416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12315,12316,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12317,12318],{"class":63},"original ",[57,12320,68],{"class":67},[57,12322,10725],{"class":93},[57,12324,104],{"class":71},[57,12326,293],{"class":75},[57,12328,104],{"class":71},[57,12330,1016],{"class":93},[57,12332,1143],{"class":1023},[57,12334,107],{"class":93},[57,12336,72],{"class":71},[57,12338,664],{"class":75},[57,12340,104],{"class":71},[57,12342,1016],{"class":93},[57,12344,1024],{"class":1023},[57,12346,9544],{"class":93},[57,12348,12349,12352,12354],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12350,12351],{"class":63},"other_ref ",[57,12353,68],{"class":67},[57,12355,12356],{"class":63}," original\n",[57,12358,12359],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12360,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12362,12363,12366,12368,12370],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12364,12365],{"class":63},"original",[57,12367,94],{"class":93},[57,12369,11614],{"class":97},[57,12371,212],{"class":93},[57,12373,12374],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,12375,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12377,12378,12380,12382,12384,12387,12389,12391,12394],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,12379,119],{"class":118},[57,12381,101],{"class":93},[57,12383,104],{"class":71},[57,12385,12386],{"class":75},"original:",[57,12388,104],{"class":71},[57,12390,107],{"class":93},[57,12392,12393],{"class":97}," original",[57,12395,112],{"class":93},[57,12397,12398,12400,12402,12404,12407,12409,12411,12414],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,12399,119],{"class":118},[57,12401,101],{"class":93},[57,12403,104],{"class":71},[57,12405,12406],{"class":75},"other_ref:",[57,12408,104],{"class":71},[57,12410,107],{"class":93},[57,12412,12413],{"class":97}," other_ref",[57,12415,112],{"class":93},[57,12417,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,12419,119],{"class":118},[57,12421,101],{"class":93},[57,12423,12318],{"class":97},[57,12425,537],{"class":4110},[57,12427,12413],{"class":97},[57,12429,112],{"class":93},[20,12431,243],{},[48,12433,12435],{"className":50,"code":12434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12436,12437,12445,12454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12438,12439,12441,12443],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12440,12365],{"class":63},[57,12442,1016],{"class":93},[57,12444,10073],{"class":93},[57,12446,12447,12450,12452],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12448,12449],{"class":63},"other_ref",[57,12451,1016],{"class":93},[57,12453,10073],{"class":93},[57,12455,12456],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12457,4213],{"class":4085},[20,12459,12460],{},"This shows:",[30,12462,12463,12470,12475],{},[33,12464,12465,2082,12467,12469],{},[15,12466,12365],{},[15,12468,12449],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12471,12472,12474],{},[15,12473,11553],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12476,12477],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12479,12480],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[48,12482,12484],{"className":50,"code":12483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12485,12486,12518,12526,12530,12538,12542,12560,12578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12487,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12489,12318],{"class":63},[57,12491,68],{"class":67},[57,12493,10725],{"class":93},[57,12495,104],{"class":71},[57,12497,293],{"class":75},[57,12499,104],{"class":71},[57,12501,1016],{"class":93},[57,12503,1143],{"class":1023},[57,12505,107],{"class":93},[57,12507,72],{"class":71},[57,12509,664],{"class":75},[57,12511,104],{"class":71},[57,12513,1016],{"class":93},[57,12515,1024],{"class":1023},[57,12517,9544],{"class":93},[57,12519,12520,12522,12524],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12521,12351],{"class":63},[57,12523,68],{"class":67},[57,12525,12356],{"class":63},[57,12527,12528],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12529,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12531,12532,12534,12536],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12533,12318],{"class":63},[57,12535,68],{"class":67},[57,12537,10073],{"class":93},[57,12539,12540],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,12541,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12543,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,12545,119],{"class":118},[57,12547,101],{"class":93},[57,12549,104],{"class":71},[57,12551,12386],{"class":75},[57,12553,104],{"class":71},[57,12555,107],{"class":93},[57,12557,12393],{"class":97},[57,12559,112],{"class":93},[57,12561,12562,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,12563,119],{"class":118},[57,12565,101],{"class":93},[57,12567,104],{"class":71},[57,12569,12406],{"class":75},[57,12571,104],{"class":71},[57,12573,107],{"class":93},[57,12575,12413],{"class":97},[57,12577,112],{"class":93},[57,12579,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,12581,119],{"class":118},[57,12583,101],{"class":93},[57,12585,12318],{"class":97},[57,12587,537],{"class":4110},[57,12589,12413],{"class":97},[57,12591,112],{"class":93},[20,12593,243],{},[48,12595,12597],{"className":50,"code":12596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12598,12599,12607,12639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12600,12601,12603,12605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12602,12365],{"class":63},[57,12604,1016],{"class":93},[57,12606,10073],{"class":93},[57,12608,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12610,12449],{"class":63},[57,12612,1016],{"class":93},[57,12614,10725],{"class":93},[57,12616,261],{"class":71},[57,12618,293],{"class":75},[57,12620,261],{"class":71},[57,12622,1016],{"class":93},[57,12624,1143],{"class":1023},[57,12626,107],{"class":93},[57,12628,271],{"class":71},[57,12630,664],{"class":75},[57,12632,261],{"class":71},[57,12634,1016],{"class":93},[57,12636,1024],{"class":1023},[57,12638,9544],{"class":93},[57,12640,12641],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12642,4274],{"class":4085},[20,12644,1081],{},[30,12646,12647,12653],{},[33,12648,12649,12652],{},[15,12650,12651],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12654,12655,12657],{},[15,12656,12449],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12659,12660,12661,94],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[293,12662,12664],{"href":12663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12665,12666],{},"dict.copy()",[43,12668,1637,12670],{"id":12669},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12671,11553],{},[20,12673,12674,12676],{},[15,12675,11553],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12678,12679,12682,12685],{},[33,12680,12681],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12683,12684],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12686,12687],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12689,179],{},[48,12691,12693],{"className":50,"code":12692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12694,12695,12704,12720,12740,12753,12757,12761,12766,12777,12781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12696,12697,12700,12702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12698,12699],{"class":63},"session_data ",[57,12701,68],{"class":67},[57,12703,11725],{"class":93},[57,12705,12706,12708,12711,12713,12715,12718],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12707,11730],{"class":71},[57,12709,12710],{"class":75},"user_id",[57,12712,104],{"class":71},[57,12714,1016],{"class":93},[57,12716,12717],{"class":1023}," 101",[57,12719,11746],{"class":93},[57,12721,12722,12724,12727,12729,12731,12733,12736,12738],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12723,11730],{"class":71},[57,12725,12726],{"class":75},"theme",[57,12728,104],{"class":71},[57,12730,1016],{"class":93},[57,12732,72],{"class":71},[57,12734,12735],{"class":75},"dark",[57,12737,104],{"class":71},[57,12739,11746],{"class":93},[57,12741,12742,12744,12747,12749,12751],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12743,11730],{"class":71},[57,12745,12746],{"class":75},"logged_in",[57,12748,104],{"class":71},[57,12750,1016],{"class":93},[57,12752,6658],{"class":4085},[57,12754,12755],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,12756,9544],{"class":93},[57,12758,12759],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,12760,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12762,12763],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,12764,12765],{"class":132},"# Reset for a new session\n",[57,12767,12768,12771,12773,12775],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,12769,12770],{"class":63},"session_data",[57,12772,94],{"class":93},[57,12774,11614],{"class":97},[57,12776,212],{"class":93},[57,12778,12779],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,12780,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,12782,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,12784,119],{"class":118},[57,12786,101],{"class":93},[57,12788,12770],{"class":97},[57,12790,3896],{"class":93},[57,12792,11629],{"class":132},[20,12794,12795,12796,12802,12803,94,12807,12809,12810,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[293,12797,12799],{"href":12798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12800,12801],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[293,12804,12806],{"href":12805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10081,12808],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[293,12811,12813],{"href":12812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12814,12815],{},"dict.popitem()",[43,12817,1673],{"id":1672},[20,12819,10981,12820,1016],{},[15,12821,11553],{},[30,12823,12824,12830,12835,12838],{},[33,12825,12826,12827,12829],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12828,11553],{}," to a variable",[33,12831,8688,12832,12834],{},[15,12833,11553],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12836,12837],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12839,12840],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12842,12843],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[48,12845,12847],{"className":50,"code":12846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12848,12849,12859,12873,12888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12850,12851,12853,12855,12857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12852,119],{"class":118},[57,12854,101],{"class":93},[57,12856,11681],{"class":97},[57,12858,112],{"class":93},[57,12860,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,12862,119],{"class":118},[57,12864,101],{"class":93},[57,12866,1257],{"class":1256},[57,12868,101],{"class":93},[57,12870,11681],{"class":97},[57,12872,640],{"class":93},[57,12874,12875,12877,12879,12882,12884,12886],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,12876,119],{"class":118},[57,12878,101],{"class":93},[57,12880,12881],{"class":118},"id",[57,12883,101],{"class":93},[57,12885,11681],{"class":97},[57,12887,640],{"class":93},[57,12889,12890,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,12891,119],{"class":118},[57,12893,101],{"class":93},[57,12895,12351],{"class":97},[57,12897,537],{"class":4110},[57,12899,11998],{"class":97},[57,12901,112],{"class":93},[20,12903,12904],{},"What these show:",[30,12906,12907,12913,12919,12925],{},[33,12908,12909,12912],{},[15,12910,12911],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12914,12915,12918],{},[15,12916,12917],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12920,12921,12924],{},[15,12922,12923],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12926,12927,12930],{},[15,12928,12929],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[43,12932,2075],{"id":2074},[572,12934,2099,12936,12938],{"id":12935},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12937,11553],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12940,12941],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[572,12943,2112,12945,12947],{"id":12944},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12946,11558],{}," return?",[20,12949,5380,12950,94],{},[15,12951,4012],{},[572,12953,2079,12955,2082,12957,2085],{"id":12954},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12956,11553],{},[15,12958,4026],{},[20,12960,12961,12963,12964,12966],{},[15,12962,11553],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12965,4026],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[572,12968,2099,12970,12972],{"id":12969},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12971,11553],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12974,12975],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[43,12977,2132],{"id":2131},[30,12979,12980,12984,12988,12995,13002,13009,13014],{},[33,12981,12982],{},[293,12983,9391],{"href":9390},[33,12985,12986],{},[293,12987,11474],{"href":9626},[33,12989,12990],{},[293,12991,10971,12992,742],{"href":12798},[15,12993,12994],{},"pop()",[33,12996,12997],{},[293,12998,10971,12999,742],{"href":12812},[15,13000,13001],{},"popitem()",[33,13003,13004],{},[293,13005,10971,13006,742],{"href":12663},[15,13007,13008],{},"copy()",[33,13010,13011],{},[293,13012,13013],{"href":12297},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,13015,13016],{},[293,13017,13018],{"href":12805},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2161,13020,13021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":13023},[13024,13025,13027,13028,13029,13033,13038,13039,13041,13042,13052],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":11637,"depth":82,"text":13026},"What clear() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":11935,"depth":82,"text":13030,"children":13031},"What clear() returns",[13032],{"id":12047,"depth":115,"text":12048},{"id":12227,"depth":82,"text":13034,"children":13035},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13036,13037],{"id":11614,"depth":115,"text":11553},{"id":11681,"depth":115,"text":12280},{"id":12301,"depth":82,"text":12302},{"id":12669,"depth":82,"text":13040},"When to use clear()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":13043},[13044,13046,13048,13050],{"id":12935,"depth":115,"text":13045},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12944,"depth":115,"text":13047},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12954,"depth":115,"text":13049},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12969,"depth":115,"text":13051},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11544,"description":13053},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13060,"title":13061,"body":13062,"description":15229,"extension":2201,"meta":15230,"navigation":217,"path":15231,"seo":15232,"stem":15233,"__hash__":15234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13063,"toc":15201},[13064,13069,13074,13084,13086,13175,13179,13220,13225,13232,13250,13259,13261,13282,13285,13297,13299,13376,13380,13421,13423,13426,13554,13558,13638,13641,13659,13662,13666,13672,13674,13685,13687,13882,13886,13992,13995,14013,14016,14023,14028,14032,14046,14048,14175,14179,14259,14272,14278,14281,14289,14293,14419,14423,14497,14502,14633,14637,14711,14714,14728,14732,14736,14750,14752,14888,14892,14961,14963,14968,14990,14993,15100,15103,15114,15121,15123,15129,15132,15139,15142,15149,15157,15161,15164,15166,15198],[10,13065,11550,13067,18],{"id":13066},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13068,13008],{},[20,13070,13071,13073],{},[15,13072,12666],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13075,13076,13077,13079,13080,13083],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13078,13008],{}," makes a ",[153,13081,13082],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[43,13085,46],{"id":45},[48,13087,13089],{"className":50,"code":13088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13090,13091,13129,13146,13150,13161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13092,13093,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13094,13095],{"class":63},"student ",[57,13097,68],{"class":67},[57,13099,10725],{"class":93},[57,13101,104],{"class":71},[57,13103,1056],{"class":75},[57,13105,104],{"class":71},[57,13107,1016],{"class":93},[57,13109,72],{"class":71},[57,13111,13112],{"class":75},"Ana",[57,13114,104],{"class":71},[57,13116,107],{"class":93},[57,13118,72],{"class":71},[57,13120,1065],{"class":75},[57,13122,104],{"class":71},[57,13124,1016],{"class":93},[57,13126,8025],{"class":1023},[57,13128,9544],{"class":93},[57,13130,13131,13134,13136,13139,13141,13144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13132,13133],{"class":63},"student_copy ",[57,13135,68],{"class":67},[57,13137,13138],{"class":63}," student",[57,13140,94],{"class":93},[57,13142,13143],{"class":97},"copy",[57,13145,212],{"class":93},[57,13147,13148],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,13149,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13151,13152,13154,13156,13159],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,13153,119],{"class":118},[57,13155,101],{"class":93},[57,13157,13158],{"class":97},"student_copy",[57,13160,112],{"class":93},[57,13162,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,13164,119],{"class":118},[57,13166,101],{"class":93},[57,13168,13133],{"class":97},[57,13170,537],{"class":4110},[57,13172,13138],{"class":97},[57,13174,112],{"class":93},[20,13176,13177],{},[153,13178,243],{},[48,13180,13182],{"className":50,"code":13181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13183,13184,13216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13185,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13187,9514],{"class":93},[57,13189,261],{"class":71},[57,13191,1056],{"class":75},[57,13193,261],{"class":71},[57,13195,1016],{"class":93},[57,13197,271],{"class":71},[57,13199,13112],{"class":75},[57,13201,261],{"class":71},[57,13203,107],{"class":93},[57,13205,271],{"class":71},[57,13207,1065],{"class":75},[57,13209,261],{"class":71},[57,13211,1016],{"class":93},[57,13213,8025],{"class":1023},[57,13215,9544],{"class":93},[57,13217,13218],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13219,4274],{"class":4085},[20,13221,136,13222,13224],{},[15,13223,13008],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[43,13226,13228,13229,13231],{"id":13227},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13230,13008],{}," method does",[30,13233,13234,13239,13242,13247],{},[33,13235,13236,13238],{},[15,13237,12666],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,13240,13241],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,13243,13244,13245],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13246,13008],{},[33,13248,13249],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13251,13252,13253,3114,13256,94],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[293,13254,9391],{"href":13255},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[293,13257,9627],{"href":13258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[43,13260,300],{"id":299},[48,13262,13264],{"className":50,"code":13263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13265,13266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13267,13268,13271,13273,13276,13278,13280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13269,13270],{"class":63},"new_dict ",[57,13272,68],{"class":67},[57,13274,13275],{"class":63}," old_dict",[57,13277,94],{"class":93},[57,13279,13143],{"class":97},[57,13281,212],{"class":93},[20,13283,13284],{},"Key points:",[30,13286,13287,13291,13294],{},[33,13288,13289,11697],{},[15,13290,13008],{},[33,13292,13293],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13295,13296],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13298,179],{},[48,13300,13302],{"className":50,"code":13301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13303,13304,13345,13361,13365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13305,13306,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13307,13308],{"class":63},"colors ",[57,13310,68],{"class":67},[57,13312,10725],{"class":93},[57,13314,104],{"class":71},[57,13316,293],{"class":75},[57,13318,104],{"class":71},[57,13320,1016],{"class":93},[57,13322,72],{"class":71},[57,13324,264],{"class":75},[57,13326,104],{"class":71},[57,13328,107],{"class":93},[57,13330,72],{"class":71},[57,13332,664],{"class":75},[57,13334,104],{"class":71},[57,13336,1016],{"class":93},[57,13338,72],{"class":71},[57,13340,274],{"class":75},[57,13342,104],{"class":71},[57,13344,9544],{"class":93},[57,13346,13347,13350,13352,13355,13357,13359],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13348,13349],{"class":63},"new_colors ",[57,13351,68],{"class":67},[57,13353,13354],{"class":63}," colors",[57,13356,94],{"class":93},[57,13358,13143],{"class":97},[57,13360,212],{"class":93},[57,13362,13363],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,13364,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13366,13367,13369,13371,13374],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,13368,119],{"class":118},[57,13370,101],{"class":93},[57,13372,13373],{"class":97},"new_colors",[57,13375,112],{"class":93},[20,13377,13378],{},[153,13379,243],{},[48,13381,13383],{"className":50,"code":13382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13384,13385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13386,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13388,9514],{"class":93},[57,13390,261],{"class":71},[57,13392,293],{"class":75},[57,13394,261],{"class":71},[57,13396,1016],{"class":93},[57,13398,271],{"class":71},[57,13400,264],{"class":75},[57,13402,261],{"class":71},[57,13404,107],{"class":93},[57,13406,271],{"class":71},[57,13408,664],{"class":75},[57,13410,261],{"class":71},[57,13412,1016],{"class":93},[57,13414,271],{"class":71},[57,13416,274],{"class":75},[57,13418,261],{"class":71},[57,13420,9544],{"class":93},[43,13422,11707],{"id":11706},[20,13424,13425],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[48,13427,13429],{"className":50,"code":13428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13430,13431,13469,13485,13489,13511,13515,13534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13432,13433,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13434,13435],{"class":63},"person ",[57,13437,68],{"class":67},[57,13439,10725],{"class":93},[57,13441,104],{"class":71},[57,13443,1056],{"class":75},[57,13445,104],{"class":71},[57,13447,1016],{"class":93},[57,13449,72],{"class":71},[57,13451,13452],{"class":75},"Liam",[57,13454,104],{"class":71},[57,13456,107],{"class":93},[57,13458,72],{"class":71},[57,13460,1065],{"class":75},[57,13462,104],{"class":71},[57,13464,1016],{"class":93},[57,13466,9541],{"class":1023},[57,13468,9544],{"class":93},[57,13470,13471,13474,13476,13479,13481,13483],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13472,13473],{"class":63},"person_copy ",[57,13475,68],{"class":67},[57,13477,13478],{"class":63}," person",[57,13480,94],{"class":93},[57,13482,13143],{"class":97},[57,13484,212],{"class":93},[57,13486,13487],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,13488,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13490,13491,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13505,13508],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,13492,13493],{"class":63},"person_copy",[57,13495,258],{"class":93},[57,13497,104],{"class":71},[57,13499,1065],{"class":75},[57,13501,104],{"class":71},[57,13503,13504],{"class":93},"]",[57,13506,13507],{"class":67}," =",[57,13509,13510],{"class":1023}," 26\n",[57,13512,13513],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,13514,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13516,13517,13519,13521,13523,13526,13528,13530,13532],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,13518,119],{"class":118},[57,13520,101],{"class":93},[57,13522,104],{"class":71},[57,13524,13525],{"class":75},"Original:",[57,13527,104],{"class":71},[57,13529,107],{"class":93},[57,13531,13478],{"class":97},[57,13533,112],{"class":93},[57,13535,13536,13538,13540,13542,13545,13547,13549,13552],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,13537,119],{"class":118},[57,13539,101],{"class":93},[57,13541,104],{"class":71},[57,13543,13544],{"class":75},"Copy:",[57,13546,104],{"class":71},[57,13548,107],{"class":93},[57,13550,13551],{"class":97}," person_copy",[57,13553,112],{"class":93},[20,13555,13556],{},[153,13557,243],{},[48,13559,13561],{"className":50,"code":13560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13562,13563,13600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13566,13567],{"class":63},"Original",[57,13569,1016],{"class":93},[57,13571,10725],{"class":93},[57,13573,261],{"class":71},[57,13575,1056],{"class":75},[57,13577,261],{"class":71},[57,13579,1016],{"class":93},[57,13581,271],{"class":71},[57,13583,13452],{"class":75},[57,13585,261],{"class":71},[57,13587,107],{"class":93},[57,13589,271],{"class":71},[57,13591,1065],{"class":75},[57,13593,261],{"class":71},[57,13595,1016],{"class":93},[57,13597,9541],{"class":1023},[57,13599,9544],{"class":93},[57,13601,13602,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13636],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13603,13604],{"class":63},"Copy",[57,13606,1016],{"class":93},[57,13608,10725],{"class":93},[57,13610,261],{"class":71},[57,13612,1056],{"class":75},[57,13614,261],{"class":71},[57,13616,1016],{"class":93},[57,13618,271],{"class":71},[57,13620,13452],{"class":75},[57,13622,261],{"class":71},[57,13624,107],{"class":93},[57,13626,271],{"class":71},[57,13628,1065],{"class":75},[57,13630,261],{"class":71},[57,13632,1016],{"class":93},[57,13634,13635],{"class":1023}," 26",[57,13637,9544],{"class":93},[20,13639,13640],{},"What happened here:",[30,13642,13643,13649,13656],{},[33,13644,13645,13648],{},[15,13646,13647],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13650,13651,13652,13655],{},"Changing ",[15,13653,13654],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13657,13658],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13660,13661],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[43,13663,13665],{"id":13664},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13667,13668,13079,13670,94],{},[15,13669,13008],{},[153,13671,13082],{},[20,13673,2343],{},[30,13675,13676,13679,13682],{},[33,13677,13678],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13680,13681],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13683,13684],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13686,179],{},[48,13688,13690],{"className":50,"code":13689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13691,13692,13700,13718,13741,13745,13749,13763,13767,13792,13796,13814,13833,13848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13693,13694,13696,13698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13695,13095],{"class":63},[57,13697,68],{"class":67},[57,13699,11725],{"class":93},[57,13701,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13703,11730],{"class":71},[57,13705,1056],{"class":75},[57,13707,104],{"class":71},[57,13709,1016],{"class":93},[57,13711,72],{"class":71},[57,13713,13112],{"class":75},[57,13715,104],{"class":71},[57,13717,11746],{"class":93},[57,13719,13720,13722,13725,13727,13729,13731,13734,13736,13739],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,13721,11730],{"class":71},[57,13723,13724],{"class":75},"grades",[57,13726,104],{"class":71},[57,13728,1016],{"class":93},[57,13730,1380],{"class":93},[57,13732,13733],{"class":1023},"90",[57,13735,107],{"class":93},[57,13737,13738],{"class":1023}," 85",[57,13740,288],{"class":93},[57,13742,13743],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,13744,9544],{"class":93},[57,13746,13747],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,13748,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13750,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,13752,13133],{"class":63},[57,13754,68],{"class":67},[57,13756,13138],{"class":63},[57,13758,94],{"class":93},[57,13760,13143],{"class":97},[57,13762,212],{"class":93},[57,13764,13765],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,13766,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13768,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13782,13785,13787,13790],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,13770,13158],{"class":63},[57,13772,258],{"class":93},[57,13774,104],{"class":71},[57,13776,13724],{"class":75},[57,13778,104],{"class":71},[57,13780,13781],{"class":93},"].",[57,13783,13784],{"class":97},"append",[57,13786,101],{"class":93},[57,13788,13789],{"class":1023},"100",[57,13791,112],{"class":93},[57,13793,13794],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,13795,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,13797,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,13799,119],{"class":118},[57,13801,101],{"class":93},[57,13803,104],{"class":71},[57,13805,13525],{"class":75},[57,13807,104],{"class":71},[57,13809,107],{"class":93},[57,13811,13138],{"class":97},[57,13813,112],{"class":93},[57,13815,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13831],{"class":59,"line":11827},[57,13817,119],{"class":118},[57,13819,101],{"class":93},[57,13821,104],{"class":71},[57,13823,13544],{"class":75},[57,13825,104],{"class":71},[57,13827,107],{"class":93},[57,13829,13830],{"class":97}," student_copy",[57,13832,112],{"class":93},[57,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846],{"class":59,"line":13835},12,[57,13837,119],{"class":118},[57,13839,101],{"class":93},[57,13841,13095],{"class":97},[57,13843,537],{"class":4110},[57,13845,13830],{"class":97},[57,13847,112],{"class":93},[57,13849,13851,13853,13855,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880],{"class":59,"line":13850},13,[57,13852,119],{"class":118},[57,13854,101],{"class":93},[57,13856,13857],{"class":97},"student",[57,13859,258],{"class":93},[57,13861,104],{"class":71},[57,13863,13724],{"class":75},[57,13865,104],{"class":71},[57,13867,13504],{"class":93},[57,13869,8331],{"class":4110},[57,13871,13830],{"class":97},[57,13873,258],{"class":93},[57,13875,104],{"class":71},[57,13877,13724],{"class":75},[57,13879,104],{"class":71},[57,13881,1280],{"class":93},[20,13883,13884],{},[153,13885,243],{},[48,13887,13889],{"className":50,"code":13888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13890,13891,13938,13984,13988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13892,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13894,13567],{"class":63},[57,13896,1016],{"class":93},[57,13898,10725],{"class":93},[57,13900,261],{"class":71},[57,13902,1056],{"class":75},[57,13904,261],{"class":71},[57,13906,1016],{"class":93},[57,13908,271],{"class":71},[57,13910,13112],{"class":75},[57,13912,261],{"class":71},[57,13914,107],{"class":93},[57,13916,271],{"class":71},[57,13918,13724],{"class":75},[57,13920,261],{"class":71},[57,13922,1016],{"class":93},[57,13924,1380],{"class":93},[57,13926,13733],{"class":1023},[57,13928,107],{"class":93},[57,13930,13738],{"class":1023},[57,13932,107],{"class":93},[57,13934,10353],{"class":1023},[57,13936,13937],{"class":93},"]}\n",[57,13939,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,13941,13604],{"class":63},[57,13943,1016],{"class":93},[57,13945,10725],{"class":93},[57,13947,261],{"class":71},[57,13949,1056],{"class":75},[57,13951,261],{"class":71},[57,13953,1016],{"class":93},[57,13955,271],{"class":71},[57,13957,13112],{"class":75},[57,13959,261],{"class":71},[57,13961,107],{"class":93},[57,13963,271],{"class":71},[57,13965,13724],{"class":75},[57,13967,261],{"class":71},[57,13969,1016],{"class":93},[57,13971,1380],{"class":93},[57,13973,13733],{"class":1023},[57,13975,107],{"class":93},[57,13977,13738],{"class":1023},[57,13979,107],{"class":93},[57,13981,10353],{"class":1023},[57,13983,13937],{"class":93},[57,13985,13986],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,13987,4274],{"class":4085},[57,13989,13990],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,13991,4213],{"class":4085},[20,13993,13994],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13996,13997,14005],{},[33,13998,13999,5016,14002,14004],{},[15,14000,14001],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14003,3909],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,14006,14007,5016,14010,14012],{},[15,14008,14009],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14011,3838],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14014,14015],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14017,14018,14019,94],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[293,14020,14022],{"href":14021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[43,14024,1637,14026],{"id":14025},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14027,13008],{},[20,14029,136,14030,10835],{},[15,14031,13008],{},[30,14033,14034,14037,14040,14043],{},[33,14035,14036],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,14038,14039],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,14041,14042],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,14044,14045],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14047,179],{},[48,14049,14051],{"className":50,"code":14050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14052,14053,14092,14108,14112,14132,14136,14155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14054,14055,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14083,14085,14087,14090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14056,14057],{"class":63},"settings ",[57,14059,68],{"class":67},[57,14061,10725],{"class":93},[57,14063,104],{"class":71},[57,14065,12726],{"class":75},[57,14067,104],{"class":71},[57,14069,1016],{"class":93},[57,14071,72],{"class":71},[57,14073,12735],{"class":75},[57,14075,104],{"class":71},[57,14077,107],{"class":93},[57,14079,72],{"class":71},[57,14081,14082],{"class":75},"font_size",[57,14084,104],{"class":71},[57,14086,1016],{"class":93},[57,14088,14089],{"class":1023}," 14",[57,14091,9544],{"class":93},[57,14093,14094,14097,14099,14102,14104,14106],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14095,14096],{"class":63},"settings_backup ",[57,14098,68],{"class":67},[57,14100,14101],{"class":63}," settings",[57,14103,94],{"class":93},[57,14105,13143],{"class":97},[57,14107,212],{"class":93},[57,14109,14110],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14111,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14113,14114,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,14115,14116],{"class":63},"settings",[57,14118,258],{"class":93},[57,14120,104],{"class":71},[57,14122,14082],{"class":75},[57,14124,104],{"class":71},[57,14126,13504],{"class":93},[57,14128,13507],{"class":67},[57,14130,14131],{"class":1023}," 16\n",[57,14133,14134],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,14135,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14137,14138,14140,14142,14144,14147,14149,14151,14153],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,14139,119],{"class":118},[57,14141,101],{"class":93},[57,14143,104],{"class":71},[57,14145,14146],{"class":75},"Current:",[57,14148,104],{"class":71},[57,14150,107],{"class":93},[57,14152,14101],{"class":97},[57,14154,112],{"class":93},[57,14156,14157,14159,14161,14163,14166,14168,14170,14173],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,14158,119],{"class":118},[57,14160,101],{"class":93},[57,14162,104],{"class":71},[57,14164,14165],{"class":75},"Backup:",[57,14167,104],{"class":71},[57,14169,107],{"class":93},[57,14171,14172],{"class":97}," settings_backup",[57,14174,112],{"class":93},[20,14176,14177],{},[153,14178,243],{},[48,14180,14182],{"className":50,"code":14181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14183,14184,14222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14185,14186,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14187,14188],{"class":63},"Current",[57,14190,1016],{"class":93},[57,14192,10725],{"class":93},[57,14194,261],{"class":71},[57,14196,12726],{"class":75},[57,14198,261],{"class":71},[57,14200,1016],{"class":93},[57,14202,271],{"class":71},[57,14204,12735],{"class":75},[57,14206,261],{"class":71},[57,14208,107],{"class":93},[57,14210,271],{"class":71},[57,14212,14082],{"class":75},[57,14214,261],{"class":71},[57,14216,1016],{"class":93},[57,14218,14219],{"class":1023}," 16",[57,14221,9544],{"class":93},[57,14223,14224,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14225,14226],{"class":63},"Backup",[57,14228,1016],{"class":93},[57,14230,10725],{"class":93},[57,14232,261],{"class":71},[57,14234,12726],{"class":75},[57,14236,261],{"class":71},[57,14238,1016],{"class":93},[57,14240,271],{"class":71},[57,14242,12735],{"class":75},[57,14244,261],{"class":71},[57,14246,107],{"class":93},[57,14248,271],{"class":71},[57,14250,14082],{"class":75},[57,14252,261],{"class":71},[57,14254,1016],{"class":93},[57,14256,14089],{"class":1023},[57,14258,9544],{"class":93},[20,14260,14261,14262,3114,14268,94],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[293,14263,14265],{"href":14264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14266,14267],{},"dict.update()",[293,14269,14270],{"href":13055},[15,14271,11558],{},[43,14273,14275,14277],{"id":14274},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14276,13008],{}," vs assignment",[20,14279,14280],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14282,425,14283,14285,14286,14288],{},[15,14284,68],{}," does ",[153,14287,175],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[572,14290,14292],{"id":14291},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[48,14294,14296],{"className":50,"code":14295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14297,14298,14330,14339,14343,14363,14367,14385,14405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14299,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14301,12318],{"class":63},[57,14303,68],{"class":67},[57,14305,10725],{"class":93},[57,14307,104],{"class":71},[57,14309,2409],{"class":75},[57,14311,104],{"class":71},[57,14313,1016],{"class":93},[57,14315,1143],{"class":1023},[57,14317,107],{"class":93},[57,14319,72],{"class":71},[57,14321,11977],{"class":75},[57,14323,104],{"class":71},[57,14325,1016],{"class":93},[57,14327,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14329,9544],{"class":93},[57,14331,14332,14335,14337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14333,14334],{"class":63},"assigned ",[57,14336,68],{"class":67},[57,14338,12356],{"class":63},[57,14340,14341],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14342,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14344,14345,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,14346,14347],{"class":63},"assigned",[57,14349,258],{"class":93},[57,14351,104],{"class":71},[57,14353,2409],{"class":75},[57,14355,104],{"class":71},[57,14357,13504],{"class":93},[57,14359,13507],{"class":67},[57,14361,14362],{"class":1023}," 99\n",[57,14364,14365],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,14366,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14368,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,14370,119],{"class":118},[57,14372,101],{"class":93},[57,14374,104],{"class":71},[57,14376,13525],{"class":75},[57,14378,104],{"class":71},[57,14380,107],{"class":93},[57,14382,12393],{"class":97},[57,14384,112],{"class":93},[57,14386,14387,14389,14391,14393,14396,14398,14400,14403],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,14388,119],{"class":118},[57,14390,101],{"class":93},[57,14392,104],{"class":71},[57,14394,14395],{"class":75},"Assigned:",[57,14397,104],{"class":71},[57,14399,107],{"class":93},[57,14401,14402],{"class":97}," assigned",[57,14404,112],{"class":93},[57,14406,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,14408,119],{"class":118},[57,14410,101],{"class":93},[57,14412,12318],{"class":97},[57,14414,537],{"class":4110},[57,14416,14402],{"class":97},[57,14418,112],{"class":93},[20,14420,14421],{},[153,14422,243],{},[48,14424,14426],{"className":50,"code":14425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14427,14428,14460,14493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14429,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14431,13567],{"class":63},[57,14433,1016],{"class":93},[57,14435,10725],{"class":93},[57,14437,261],{"class":71},[57,14439,2409],{"class":75},[57,14441,261],{"class":71},[57,14443,1016],{"class":93},[57,14445,10432],{"class":1023},[57,14447,107],{"class":93},[57,14449,271],{"class":71},[57,14451,11977],{"class":75},[57,14453,261],{"class":71},[57,14455,1016],{"class":93},[57,14457,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14459,9544],{"class":93},[57,14461,14462,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14463,14464],{"class":63},"Assigned",[57,14466,1016],{"class":93},[57,14468,10725],{"class":93},[57,14470,261],{"class":71},[57,14472,2409],{"class":75},[57,14474,261],{"class":71},[57,14476,1016],{"class":93},[57,14478,10432],{"class":1023},[57,14480,107],{"class":93},[57,14482,271],{"class":71},[57,14484,11977],{"class":75},[57,14486,261],{"class":71},[57,14488,1016],{"class":93},[57,14490,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14492,9544],{"class":93},[57,14494,14495],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14496,4213],{"class":4085},[572,14498,425,14500],{"id":14499},"using-copy",[15,14501,13008],{},[48,14503,14505],{"className":50,"code":14504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14506,14507,14539,14554,14558,14577,14581,14599,14619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14508,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14510,12318],{"class":63},[57,14512,68],{"class":67},[57,14514,10725],{"class":93},[57,14516,104],{"class":71},[57,14518,2409],{"class":75},[57,14520,104],{"class":71},[57,14522,1016],{"class":93},[57,14524,1143],{"class":1023},[57,14526,107],{"class":93},[57,14528,72],{"class":71},[57,14530,11977],{"class":75},[57,14532,104],{"class":71},[57,14534,1016],{"class":93},[57,14536,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14538,9544],{"class":93},[57,14540,14541,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14542,14543],{"class":63},"copied ",[57,14545,68],{"class":67},[57,14547,12393],{"class":63},[57,14549,94],{"class":93},[57,14551,13143],{"class":97},[57,14553,212],{"class":93},[57,14555,14556],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14557,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14559,14560,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,14561,14562],{"class":63},"copied",[57,14564,258],{"class":93},[57,14566,104],{"class":71},[57,14568,2409],{"class":75},[57,14570,104],{"class":71},[57,14572,13504],{"class":93},[57,14574,13507],{"class":67},[57,14576,14362],{"class":1023},[57,14578,14579],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,14580,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14582,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,14584,119],{"class":118},[57,14586,101],{"class":93},[57,14588,104],{"class":71},[57,14590,13525],{"class":75},[57,14592,104],{"class":71},[57,14594,107],{"class":93},[57,14596,12393],{"class":97},[57,14598,112],{"class":93},[57,14600,14601,14603,14605,14607,14610,14612,14614,14617],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,14602,119],{"class":118},[57,14604,101],{"class":93},[57,14606,104],{"class":71},[57,14608,14609],{"class":75},"Copied:",[57,14611,104],{"class":71},[57,14613,107],{"class":93},[57,14615,14616],{"class":97}," copied",[57,14618,112],{"class":93},[57,14620,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,14622,119],{"class":118},[57,14624,101],{"class":93},[57,14626,12318],{"class":97},[57,14628,537],{"class":4110},[57,14630,14616],{"class":97},[57,14632,112],{"class":93},[20,14634,14635],{},[153,14636,243],{},[48,14638,14640],{"className":50,"code":14639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14641,14642,14674,14707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14643,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14645,13567],{"class":63},[57,14647,1016],{"class":93},[57,14649,10725],{"class":93},[57,14651,261],{"class":71},[57,14653,2409],{"class":75},[57,14655,261],{"class":71},[57,14657,1016],{"class":93},[57,14659,1143],{"class":1023},[57,14661,107],{"class":93},[57,14663,271],{"class":71},[57,14665,11977],{"class":75},[57,14667,261],{"class":71},[57,14669,1016],{"class":93},[57,14671,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14673,9544],{"class":93},[57,14675,14676,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14677,14678],{"class":63},"Copied",[57,14680,1016],{"class":93},[57,14682,10725],{"class":93},[57,14684,261],{"class":71},[57,14686,2409],{"class":75},[57,14688,261],{"class":71},[57,14690,1016],{"class":93},[57,14692,10432],{"class":1023},[57,14694,107],{"class":93},[57,14696,271],{"class":71},[57,14698,11977],{"class":75},[57,14700,261],{"class":71},[57,14702,1016],{"class":93},[57,14704,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14706,9544],{"class":93},[57,14708,14709],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14710,4274],{"class":4085},[20,14712,14713],{},"Summary:",[30,14715,14716,14722],{},[33,14717,14718,14721],{},[15,14719,14720],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14723,14724,14727],{},[15,14725,14726],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[43,14729,14731],{"id":14730},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14733,14734,1016],{},[15,14735,13008],{},[30,14737,14738,14741,14744,14747],{},[33,14739,14740],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14742,14743],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14745,14746],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14748,14749],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14751,179],{},[48,14753,14755],{"className":50,"code":14754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14756,14757,14789,14805,14809,14827,14847,14851,14869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14758,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14760,9401],{"class":63},[57,14762,68],{"class":67},[57,14764,10725],{"class":93},[57,14766,104],{"class":71},[57,14768,293],{"class":75},[57,14770,104],{"class":71},[57,14772,1016],{"class":93},[57,14774,1143],{"class":1023},[57,14776,107],{"class":93},[57,14778,72],{"class":71},[57,14780,664],{"class":75},[57,14782,104],{"class":71},[57,14784,1016],{"class":93},[57,14786,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14788,9544],{"class":93},[57,14790,14791,14794,14796,14799,14801,14803],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14792,14793],{"class":63},"data_copy ",[57,14795,68],{"class":67},[57,14797,14798],{"class":63}," data",[57,14800,94],{"class":93},[57,14802,13143],{"class":97},[57,14804,212],{"class":93},[57,14806,14807],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,14808,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,14812,9440],{"class":63},[57,14814,258],{"class":93},[57,14816,104],{"class":71},[57,14818,293],{"class":75},[57,14820,104],{"class":71},[57,14822,13504],{"class":93},[57,14824,13507],{"class":67},[57,14826,2823],{"class":1023},[57,14828,14829,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,14830,14831],{"class":63},"data_copy",[57,14833,258],{"class":93},[57,14835,104],{"class":71},[57,14837,664],{"class":75},[57,14839,104],{"class":71},[57,14841,13504],{"class":93},[57,14843,13507],{"class":67},[57,14845,14846],{"class":1023}," 20\n",[57,14848,14849],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,14850,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,14852,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,14854,119],{"class":118},[57,14856,101],{"class":93},[57,14858,104],{"class":71},[57,14860,13525],{"class":75},[57,14862,104],{"class":71},[57,14864,107],{"class":93},[57,14866,14798],{"class":97},[57,14868,112],{"class":93},[57,14870,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14886],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,14872,119],{"class":118},[57,14874,101],{"class":93},[57,14876,104],{"class":71},[57,14878,13544],{"class":75},[57,14880,104],{"class":71},[57,14882,107],{"class":93},[57,14884,14885],{"class":97}," data_copy",[57,14887,112],{"class":93},[20,14889,14890],{},[153,14891,243],{},[48,14893,14895],{"className":50,"code":14894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14896,14897,14929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14898,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14900,13567],{"class":63},[57,14902,1016],{"class":93},[57,14904,10725],{"class":93},[57,14906,261],{"class":71},[57,14908,293],{"class":75},[57,14910,261],{"class":71},[57,14912,1016],{"class":93},[57,14914,6238],{"class":1023},[57,14916,107],{"class":93},[57,14918,271],{"class":71},[57,14920,664],{"class":75},[57,14922,261],{"class":71},[57,14924,1016],{"class":93},[57,14926,1024],{"class":1023},[57,14928,9544],{"class":93},[57,14930,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,14932,13604],{"class":63},[57,14934,1016],{"class":93},[57,14936,10725],{"class":93},[57,14938,261],{"class":71},[57,14940,293],{"class":75},[57,14942,261],{"class":71},[57,14944,1016],{"class":93},[57,14946,1143],{"class":1023},[57,14948,107],{"class":93},[57,14950,271],{"class":71},[57,14952,664],{"class":75},[57,14954,261],{"class":71},[57,14956,1016],{"class":93},[57,14958,8025],{"class":1023},[57,14960,9544],{"class":93},[43,14962,1673],{"id":1672},[20,14964,14965,14966,1016],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14967,12666],{},[30,14969,14970,14977,14982,14987],{},[33,14971,425,14972,11325,14974,14976],{},[15,14973,68],{},[15,14975,13008],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14978,4812,14979,14981],{},[15,14980,13008],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14983,14984,14985],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14986,13008],{},[33,14988,14989],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14991,14992],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[48,14994,14996],{"className":50,"code":14995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14997,14998,15008,15018,15032,15055,15078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14999,15000,15002,15004,15006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15001,119],{"class":118},[57,15003,101],{"class":93},[57,15005,12365],{"class":97},[57,15007,112],{"class":93},[57,15009,15010,15012,15014,15016],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15011,119],{"class":118},[57,15013,101],{"class":93},[57,15015,14562],{"class":97},[57,15017,112],{"class":93},[57,15019,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15021,119],{"class":118},[57,15023,101],{"class":93},[57,15025,12318],{"class":97},[57,15027,537],{"class":4110},[57,15029,14616],{"class":97},[57,15031,112],{"class":93},[57,15033,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15049,15051,15053],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,15035,119],{"class":118},[57,15037,101],{"class":93},[57,15039,12881],{"class":118},[57,15041,101],{"class":93},[57,15043,12365],{"class":97},[57,15045,9469],{"class":93},[57,15047,15048],{"class":118}," id",[57,15050,101],{"class":93},[57,15052,14562],{"class":97},[57,15054,640],{"class":93},[57,15056,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15074,15076],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,15058,119],{"class":118},[57,15060,101],{"class":93},[57,15062,12881],{"class":118},[57,15064,101],{"class":93},[57,15066,12365],{"class":97},[57,15068,258],{"class":93},[57,15070,104],{"class":71},[57,15072,15073],{"class":75},"key",[57,15075,104],{"class":71},[57,15077,3235],{"class":93},[57,15079,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,15081,119],{"class":118},[57,15083,101],{"class":93},[57,15085,12881],{"class":118},[57,15087,101],{"class":93},[57,15089,14562],{"class":97},[57,15091,258],{"class":93},[57,15093,104],{"class":71},[57,15095,15073],{"class":75},[57,15097,104],{"class":71},[57,15099,3235],{"class":93},[20,15101,15102],{},"What these help you check:",[30,15104,15105,15108,15111],{},[33,15106,15107],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,15109,15110],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,15112,15113],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15115,15116,15117,94],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[293,15118,15120],{"href":15119},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[43,15122,2075],{"id":2074},[572,15124,2099,15126,15128],{"id":15125},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15127,12666],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15130,15131],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[572,15133,15135,15136,15138],{"id":15134},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15137,12666],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15140,15141],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[572,15143,2079,15145,2082,15147,2085],{"id":15144},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15146,13008],{},[15,15148,68],{},[20,15150,15151,15153,15154,15156],{},[15,15152,13008],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15155,68],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[572,15158,15160],{"id":15159},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15162,15163],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[43,15165,2132],{"id":2131},[30,15167,15168,15172,15176,15180,15187,15193],{},[33,15169,15170],{},[293,15171,11474],{"href":13258},[33,15173,15174],{},[293,15175,9391],{"href":13255},[33,15177,15178],{},[293,15179,14022],{"href":14021},[33,15181,15182],{},[293,15183,10971,15184,742],{"href":14264},[15,15185,15186],{},"update()",[33,15188,15189],{},[293,15190,10971,15191,742],{"href":13055},[15,15192,11553],{},[33,15194,15195],{},[293,15196,15197],{"href":15119},"How to copy a list in Python",[2161,15199,15200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":15202},[15203,15204,15206,15207,15208,15209,15211,15217,15218,15219,15228],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":13227,"depth":82,"text":15205},"What the copy() method does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":13664,"depth":82,"text":13665},{"id":14025,"depth":82,"text":15210},"When to use copy()",{"id":14274,"depth":82,"text":15212,"children":15213},"copy() vs assignment",[15214,15215],{"id":14291,"depth":115,"text":14292},{"id":14499,"depth":115,"text":15216},"Using copy()",{"id":14730,"depth":82,"text":14731},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":15220},[15221,15223,15225,15227],{"id":15125,"depth":115,"text":15222},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15134,"depth":115,"text":15224},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15144,"depth":115,"text":15226},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15159,"depth":115,"text":15160},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13061,"description":15229},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15236,"title":15237,"body":15238,"description":17437,"extension":2201,"meta":17438,"navigation":217,"path":13258,"seo":17439,"stem":17440,"__hash__":17441},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15239,"toc":17399},[15240,15243,15249,15258,15260,15336,15340,15389,15392,15396,15410,15413,15417,15430,15433,15466,15480,15483,15495,15499,15502,15510,15590,15594,15647,15651,15669,15671,15753,15756,15758,15761,15764,15787,15811,15815,15823,15826,15830,15839,15844,15902,15906,15939,15945,15951,15954,16009,16013,16063,16066,16072,16075,16083,16085,16130,16135,16144,16147,16150,16197,16199,16204,16207,16301,16305,16358,16361,16417,16420,16424,16427,16441,16445,16511,16515,16540,16543,16547,16625,16629,16632,16635,16655,16658,16711,16715,16718,16721,16734,16736,16825,16832,16835,16846,16848,16851,16871,16875,16878,16887,16890,16929,16933,16935,16944,16953,16955,16993,16997,17044,17048,17069,17073,17076,17188,17193,17291,17313,17315,17319,17326,17330,17336,17340,17343,17347,17350,17357,17365,17367,17393,17396],[10,15241,15237],{"id":15242},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15244,15245,15246,15248],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[153,15247,9367],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15250,15251,15252,3114,15254,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[293,15253,9391],{"href":9390},[293,15255,15257],{"href":15256},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[43,15259,46],{"id":45},[48,15261,15263],{"className":50,"code":15262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15264,15265,15273,15291,15305,15318,15322,15326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15266,15267,15269,15271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15268,13095],{"class":63},[57,15270,68],{"class":67},[57,15272,11725],{"class":93},[57,15274,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15276,11730],{"class":71},[57,15278,1056],{"class":75},[57,15280,104],{"class":71},[57,15282,1016],{"class":93},[57,15284,72],{"class":71},[57,15286,13112],{"class":75},[57,15288,104],{"class":71},[57,15290,11746],{"class":93},[57,15292,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15294,11730],{"class":71},[57,15296,1065],{"class":75},[57,15298,104],{"class":71},[57,15300,1016],{"class":93},[57,15302,8025],{"class":1023},[57,15304,11746],{"class":93},[57,15306,15307,15309,15312,15314,15316],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,15308,11730],{"class":71},[57,15310,15311],{"class":75},"is_active",[57,15313,104],{"class":71},[57,15315,1016],{"class":93},[57,15317,6658],{"class":4085},[57,15319,15320],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,15321,9544],{"class":93},[57,15323,15324],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,15325,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,15327,15328,15330,15332,15334],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,15329,119],{"class":118},[57,15331,101],{"class":93},[57,15333,13857],{"class":97},[57,15335,112],{"class":93},[20,15337,15338],{},[153,15339,243],{},[48,15341,15343],{"className":50,"code":15342,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15344,15345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15346,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15348,9514],{"class":93},[57,15350,261],{"class":71},[57,15352,1056],{"class":75},[57,15354,261],{"class":71},[57,15356,1016],{"class":93},[57,15358,271],{"class":71},[57,15360,13112],{"class":75},[57,15362,261],{"class":71},[57,15364,107],{"class":93},[57,15366,271],{"class":71},[57,15368,1065],{"class":75},[57,15370,261],{"class":71},[57,15372,1016],{"class":93},[57,15374,8025],{"class":1023},[57,15376,107],{"class":93},[57,15378,271],{"class":71},[57,15380,15311],{"class":75},[57,15382,261],{"class":71},[57,15384,1016],{"class":93},[57,15386,4149],{"class":4085},[57,15388,9544],{"class":93},[20,15390,15391],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[43,15393,15395],{"id":15394},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,15397,15398,15401,15404,15407],{},[33,15399,15400],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,15402,15403],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,15405,15406],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,15408,15409],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[43,15411,15400],{"id":15412},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15414,9364,15415,94],{},[153,15416,9367],{},[30,15418,15419,15425],{},[33,15420,15421,15422,15424],{},"A ",[153,15423,15073],{}," is the label",[33,15426,15421,15427,15429],{},[153,15428,2708],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15431,15432],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[48,15434,15436],{"className":50,"code":15435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15437,15438,15446,15462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15439,15440,15442,15444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15441,13095],{"class":63},[57,15443,68],{"class":67},[57,15445,11725],{"class":93},[57,15447,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15449,11730],{"class":71},[57,15451,1056],{"class":75},[57,15453,104],{"class":71},[57,15455,1016],{"class":93},[57,15457,72],{"class":71},[57,15459,13112],{"class":75},[57,15461,79],{"class":71},[57,15463,15464],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15465,9544],{"class":93},[30,15467,15468,15474],{},[33,15469,15470,15473],{},[15,15471,15472],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15475,15476,15479],{},[15,15477,15478],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15481,15482],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15484,15485,15487,15489,15492],{},[33,15486,1056],{},[33,15488,1065],{},[33,15490,15491],{},"email",[33,15493,15494],{},"country",[43,15496,15498],{"id":15497},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15500,15501],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15503,136,15504,15506,15507,94],{},[15,15505,4026],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15508,15509],{},"key: value",[48,15511,15513],{"className":50,"code":15512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15514,15515,15523,15541,15555,15572,15576,15580],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15516,15517,15519,15521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15518,13095],{"class":63},[57,15520,68],{"class":67},[57,15522,11725],{"class":93},[57,15524,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15526,11730],{"class":71},[57,15528,1056],{"class":75},[57,15530,104],{"class":71},[57,15532,1016],{"class":93},[57,15534,72],{"class":71},[57,15536,13112],{"class":75},[57,15538,104],{"class":71},[57,15540,11746],{"class":93},[57,15542,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15544,11730],{"class":71},[57,15546,1065],{"class":75},[57,15548,104],{"class":71},[57,15550,1016],{"class":93},[57,15552,8025],{"class":1023},[57,15554,11746],{"class":93},[57,15556,15557,15559,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,15558,11730],{"class":71},[57,15560,15561],{"class":75},"course",[57,15563,104],{"class":71},[57,15565,1016],{"class":93},[57,15567,72],{"class":71},[57,15569,528],{"class":75},[57,15571,79],{"class":71},[57,15573,15574],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,15575,9544],{"class":93},[57,15577,15578],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,15579,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,15581,15582,15584,15586,15588],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,15583,119],{"class":118},[57,15585,101],{"class":93},[57,15587,13857],{"class":97},[57,15589,112],{"class":93},[20,15591,15592],{},[153,15593,243],{},[48,15595,15597],{"className":50,"code":15596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15598,15599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15600,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643,15645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15602,9514],{"class":93},[57,15604,261],{"class":71},[57,15606,1056],{"class":75},[57,15608,261],{"class":71},[57,15610,1016],{"class":93},[57,15612,271],{"class":71},[57,15614,13112],{"class":75},[57,15616,261],{"class":71},[57,15618,107],{"class":93},[57,15620,271],{"class":71},[57,15622,1065],{"class":75},[57,15624,261],{"class":71},[57,15626,1016],{"class":93},[57,15628,8025],{"class":1023},[57,15630,107],{"class":93},[57,15632,271],{"class":71},[57,15634,15561],{"class":75},[57,15636,261],{"class":71},[57,15638,1016],{"class":93},[57,15640,271],{"class":71},[57,15642,528],{"class":75},[57,15644,261],{"class":71},[57,15646,9544],{"class":93},[572,15648,15650],{"id":15649},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15652,15653,15658,15663,15666],{},[33,15654,136,15655,15657],{},[15,15656,4026],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15659,15660,15661],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15662,15509],{},[33,15664,15665],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15667,15668],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15670,179],{},[48,15672,15674],{"className":50,"code":15673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15675,15676,15685,15705,15721,15734,15738,15742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15677,15678,15681,15683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15679,15680],{"class":63},"book ",[57,15682,68],{"class":67},[57,15684,11725],{"class":93},[57,15686,15687,15689,15692,15694,15696,15698,15701,15703],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15688,11730],{"class":71},[57,15690,15691],{"class":75},"title",[57,15693,104],{"class":71},[57,15695,1016],{"class":93},[57,15697,72],{"class":71},[57,15699,15700],{"class":75},"Python Basics",[57,15702,104],{"class":71},[57,15704,11746],{"class":93},[57,15706,15707,15709,15712,15714,15716,15719],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15708,11730],{"class":71},[57,15710,15711],{"class":75},"pages",[57,15713,104],{"class":71},[57,15715,1016],{"class":93},[57,15717,15718],{"class":1023}," 150",[57,15720,11746],{"class":93},[57,15722,15723,15725,15728,15730,15732],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,15724,11730],{"class":71},[57,15726,15727],{"class":75},"available",[57,15729,104],{"class":71},[57,15731,1016],{"class":93},[57,15733,6658],{"class":4085},[57,15735,15736],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,15737,9544],{"class":93},[57,15739,15740],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,15741,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,15743,15744,15746,15748,15751],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,15745,119],{"class":118},[57,15747,101],{"class":93},[57,15749,15750],{"class":97},"book",[57,15752,112],{"class":93},[20,15754,15755],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[43,15757,9638],{"id":9637},[20,15759,15760],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15762,15763],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[48,15765,15767],{"className":50,"code":15766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15768,15769,15777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15770,15771,15773,15775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15772,9401],{"class":63},[57,15774,68],{"class":67},[57,15776,10073],{"class":93},[57,15778,15779,15781,15783,15785],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15780,119],{"class":118},[57,15782,101],{"class":93},[57,15784,9440],{"class":97},[57,15786,112],{"class":93},[48,15788,15789],{"className":50,"code":9641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15790,15791,15801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15792,15793,15795,15797,15799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15794,9401],{"class":63},[57,15796,68],{"class":67},[57,15798,9406],{"class":1256},[57,15800,212],{"class":93},[57,15802,15803,15805,15807,15809],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15804,119],{"class":118},[57,15806,101],{"class":93},[57,15808,9440],{"class":97},[57,15810,112],{"class":93},[20,15812,15813],{},[153,15814,243],{},[48,15816,15817],{"className":50,"code":9670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15818,15819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15820,15821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15822,9670],{"class":93},[20,15824,15825],{},"Both are correct.",[572,15827,15829],{"id":15828},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15831,15832,15834,15835,15838],{},[15,15833,4026],{}," creates an empty ",[153,15836,15837],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15840,15841,15842,94],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15843,4031],{},[48,15845,15847],{"className":50,"code":15846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15848,15849,15857,15869,15873,15887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15850,15851,15853,15855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15852,11956],{"class":63},[57,15854,68],{"class":67},[57,15856,10073],{"class":93},[57,15858,15859,15862,15864,15867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15860,15861],{"class":63},"my_set ",[57,15863,68],{"class":67},[57,15865,15866],{"class":1256}," set",[57,15868,212],{"class":93},[57,15870,15871],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,15872,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,15874,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,15876,119],{"class":118},[57,15878,101],{"class":93},[57,15880,1257],{"class":1256},[57,15882,101],{"class":93},[57,15884,11681],{"class":97},[57,15886,640],{"class":93},[57,15888,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15900],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,15890,119],{"class":118},[57,15892,101],{"class":93},[57,15894,1257],{"class":1256},[57,15896,101],{"class":93},[57,15898,15899],{"class":97},"my_set",[57,15901,640],{"class":93},[20,15903,15904],{},[153,15905,243],{},[48,15907,15909],{"className":50,"code":15908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15910,15911,15925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15912,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15914,1323],{"class":67},[57,15916,1327],{"class":1326},[57,15918,271],{"class":71},[57,15920,9057],{"class":75},[57,15922,261],{"class":71},[57,15924,1336],{"class":67},[57,15926,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,15928,1323],{"class":67},[57,15930,1327],{"class":1326},[57,15932,271],{"class":71},[57,15934,6521],{"class":75},[57,15936,261],{"class":71},[57,15938,1336],{"class":67},[43,15940,15942,15943],{"id":15941},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15944,9355],{},[20,15946,15947,15948,15950],{},"You can also use ",[15,15949,9355],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15952,15953],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[48,15955,15957],{"className":50,"code":15956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15958,15959,15999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15988,15990,15993,15995,15997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15962,13095],{"class":63},[57,15964,68],{"class":67},[57,15966,9406],{"class":1256},[57,15968,101],{"class":93},[57,15970,1056],{"class":9411},[57,15972,68],{"class":67},[57,15974,104],{"class":71},[57,15976,13112],{"class":75},[57,15978,104],{"class":71},[57,15980,107],{"class":93},[57,15982,9424],{"class":9411},[57,15984,68],{"class":67},[57,15986,15987],{"class":1023},"20",[57,15989,107],{"class":93},[57,15991,15992],{"class":9411}," active",[57,15994,68],{"class":67},[57,15996,3838],{"class":4085},[57,15998,112],{"class":93},[57,16000,16001,16003,16005,16007],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16002,119],{"class":118},[57,16004,101],{"class":93},[57,16006,13857],{"class":97},[57,16008,112],{"class":93},[20,16010,16011],{},[153,16012,243],{},[48,16014,16016],{"className":50,"code":16015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16017,16018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16019,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16055,16057,16059,16061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16021,9514],{"class":93},[57,16023,261],{"class":71},[57,16025,1056],{"class":75},[57,16027,261],{"class":71},[57,16029,1016],{"class":93},[57,16031,271],{"class":71},[57,16033,13112],{"class":75},[57,16035,261],{"class":71},[57,16037,107],{"class":93},[57,16039,271],{"class":71},[57,16041,1065],{"class":75},[57,16043,261],{"class":71},[57,16045,1016],{"class":93},[57,16047,8025],{"class":1023},[57,16049,107],{"class":93},[57,16051,271],{"class":71},[57,16053,16054],{"class":75},"active",[57,16056,261],{"class":71},[57,16058,1016],{"class":93},[57,16060,4149],{"class":4085},[57,16062,9544],{"class":93},[20,16064,16065],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[572,16067,16069,16070],{"id":16068},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16071,9355],{},[20,16073,16074],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,16076,16077,16080],{},[33,16078,16079],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,16081,16082],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16084,6923],{},[48,16086,16088],{"className":50,"code":16087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16089,16090,16120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16091,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16093,11720],{"class":63},[57,16095,68],{"class":67},[57,16097,9406],{"class":1256},[57,16099,101],{"class":93},[57,16101,1056],{"class":9411},[57,16103,68],{"class":67},[57,16105,104],{"class":71},[57,16107,7911],{"class":75},[57,16109,104],{"class":71},[57,16111,107],{"class":93},[57,16113,9424],{"class":9411},[57,16115,68],{"class":67},[57,16117,9429],{"class":1023},[57,16119,112],{"class":93},[57,16121,16122,16124,16126,16128],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16123,119],{"class":118},[57,16125,101],{"class":93},[57,16127,11814],{"class":97},[57,16129,112],{"class":93},[20,16131,4861,16132,16134],{},[153,16133,175],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[48,16136,16138],{"className":50,"code":16137,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16139,16140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16141,16142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16143,16137],{"class":132},[20,16145,16146],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16148,16149],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[48,16151,16153],{"className":50,"code":16152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16154,16155,16163,16179,16183,16187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16156,16157,16159,16161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16158,11720],{"class":63},[57,16160,68],{"class":67},[57,16162,11725],{"class":93},[57,16164,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16166,11730],{"class":71},[57,16168,10730],{"class":75},[57,16170,104],{"class":71},[57,16172,1016],{"class":93},[57,16174,72],{"class":71},[57,16176,7911],{"class":75},[57,16178,79],{"class":71},[57,16180,16181],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16182,9544],{"class":93},[57,16184,16185],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16186,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16188,16189,16191,16193,16195],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16190,119],{"class":118},[57,16192,101],{"class":93},[57,16194,11814],{"class":97},[57,16196,112],{"class":93},[43,16198,9680],{"id":9679},[20,16200,16201,16203],{},[15,16202,9355],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16205,16206],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[48,16208,16210],{"className":50,"code":16209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16211,16212,16269,16273,16287,16291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16213,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16265,16267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16215,9451],{"class":63},[57,16217,68],{"class":67},[57,16219,9456],{"class":93},[57,16221,104],{"class":71},[57,16223,1056],{"class":75},[57,16225,104],{"class":71},[57,16227,107],{"class":93},[57,16229,72],{"class":71},[57,16231,13112],{"class":75},[57,16233,104],{"class":71},[57,16235,9469],{"class":93},[57,16237,9472],{"class":93},[57,16239,104],{"class":71},[57,16241,1065],{"class":75},[57,16243,104],{"class":71},[57,16245,107],{"class":93},[57,16247,8025],{"class":1023},[57,16249,9469],{"class":93},[57,16251,9472],{"class":93},[57,16253,104],{"class":71},[57,16255,10644],{"class":75},[57,16257,104],{"class":71},[57,16259,107],{"class":93},[57,16261,72],{"class":71},[57,16263,16264],{"class":75},"Lima",[57,16266,104],{"class":71},[57,16268,9485],{"class":93},[57,16270,16271],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16272,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16274,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16276,13095],{"class":63},[57,16278,68],{"class":67},[57,16280,9406],{"class":1256},[57,16282,101],{"class":93},[57,16284,9498],{"class":97},[57,16286,112],{"class":93},[57,16288,16289],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16290,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16292,16293,16295,16297,16299],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16294,119],{"class":118},[57,16296,101],{"class":93},[57,16298,13857],{"class":97},[57,16300,112],{"class":93},[20,16302,16303],{},[153,16304,243],{},[48,16306,16308],{"className":50,"code":16307,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16309,16310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16311,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16313,9514],{"class":93},[57,16315,261],{"class":71},[57,16317,1056],{"class":75},[57,16319,261],{"class":71},[57,16321,1016],{"class":93},[57,16323,271],{"class":71},[57,16325,13112],{"class":75},[57,16327,261],{"class":71},[57,16329,107],{"class":93},[57,16331,271],{"class":71},[57,16333,1065],{"class":75},[57,16335,261],{"class":71},[57,16337,1016],{"class":93},[57,16339,8025],{"class":1023},[57,16341,107],{"class":93},[57,16343,271],{"class":71},[57,16345,10644],{"class":75},[57,16347,261],{"class":71},[57,16349,1016],{"class":93},[57,16351,271],{"class":71},[57,16353,16264],{"class":75},[57,16355,261],{"class":71},[57,16357,9544],{"class":93},[20,16359,16360],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[48,16362,16364],{"className":50,"code":16363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16365,16366,16407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16367,16368,16370,16372,16374,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16369,13095],{"class":63},[57,16371,68],{"class":67},[57,16373,9406],{"class":1256},[57,16375,16376],{"class":93},"(((",[57,16378,104],{"class":71},[57,16380,1056],{"class":75},[57,16382,104],{"class":71},[57,16384,107],{"class":93},[57,16386,72],{"class":71},[57,16388,13112],{"class":75},[57,16390,104],{"class":71},[57,16392,9469],{"class":93},[57,16394,9472],{"class":93},[57,16396,104],{"class":71},[57,16398,1065],{"class":75},[57,16400,104],{"class":71},[57,16402,107],{"class":93},[57,16404,8025],{"class":1023},[57,16406,2028],{"class":93},[57,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16410,119],{"class":118},[57,16412,101],{"class":93},[57,16414,13857],{"class":97},[57,16416,112],{"class":93},[20,16418,16419],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[43,16421,16423],{"id":16422},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16425,16426],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,16428,16429,16432,16435,16438],{},[33,16430,16431],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,16433,16434],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,16436,16437],{},"Values can repeat",[33,16439,16440],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[572,16442,16444],{"id":16443},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[48,16446,16448],{"className":50,"code":16447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16449,16450,16458,16476,16493,16497,16501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16451,16452,16454,16456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16453,9401],{"class":63},[57,16455,68],{"class":67},[57,16457,11725],{"class":93},[57,16459,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16461,11730],{"class":71},[57,16463,1056],{"class":75},[57,16465,104],{"class":71},[57,16467,1016],{"class":93},[57,16469,72],{"class":71},[57,16471,13112],{"class":75},[57,16473,104],{"class":71},[57,16475,11746],{"class":93},[57,16477,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16491],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16479,11730],{"class":71},[57,16481,1056],{"class":75},[57,16483,104],{"class":71},[57,16485,1016],{"class":93},[57,16487,72],{"class":71},[57,16489,16490],{"class":75},"Maria",[57,16492,79],{"class":71},[57,16494,16495],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16496,9544],{"class":93},[57,16498,16499],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16500,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16502,16503,16505,16507,16509],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,16504,119],{"class":118},[57,16506,101],{"class":93},[57,16508,9440],{"class":97},[57,16510,112],{"class":93},[20,16512,16513],{},[153,16514,243],{},[48,16516,16518],{"className":50,"code":16517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16519,16520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16521,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16523,9514],{"class":93},[57,16525,261],{"class":71},[57,16527,1056],{"class":75},[57,16529,261],{"class":71},[57,16531,1016],{"class":93},[57,16533,271],{"class":71},[57,16535,16490],{"class":75},[57,16537,261],{"class":71},[57,16539,9544],{"class":93},[20,16541,16542],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[572,16544,16546],{"id":16545},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[48,16548,16550],{"className":50,"code":16549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16551,16552,16560,16576,16592,16606,16610,16614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16553,16554,16556,16558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16555,5296],{"class":63},[57,16557,68],{"class":67},[57,16559,11725],{"class":93},[57,16561,16562,16565,16567,16569,16572,16574],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16563,16564],{"class":1023},"    1",[57,16566,1016],{"class":93},[57,16568,72],{"class":71},[57,16570,16571],{"class":75},"low",[57,16573,104],{"class":71},[57,16575,11746],{"class":93},[57,16577,16578,16581,16583,16585,16588,16590],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16579,16580],{"class":1023},"    2",[57,16582,1016],{"class":93},[57,16584,72],{"class":71},[57,16586,16587],{"class":75},"medium",[57,16589,104],{"class":71},[57,16591,11746],{"class":93},[57,16593,16594,16597,16599,16601,16604],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16595,16596],{"class":1023},"    3",[57,16598,1016],{"class":93},[57,16600,72],{"class":71},[57,16602,16603],{"class":75},"high",[57,16605,79],{"class":71},[57,16607,16608],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16609,9544],{"class":93},[57,16611,16612],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,16613,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16615,16616,16618,16620,16623],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,16617,119],{"class":118},[57,16619,101],{"class":93},[57,16621,16622],{"class":97},"scores",[57,16624,112],{"class":93},[572,16626,16628],{"id":16627},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16630,16631],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16633,16634],{},"This will cause an error:",[48,16636,16638],{"className":50,"code":16637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16639,16640,16645,16650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16641,16642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16643,16644],{"class":132},"# bad = {\n",[57,16646,16647],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16648,16649],{"class":132},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[57,16651,16652],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16653,16654],{"class":132},"# }\n",[20,16656,16657],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[48,16659,16661],{"className":50,"code":16660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16662,16663,16672,16692,16696,16700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16664,16665,16668,16670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16666,16667],{"class":63},"good ",[57,16669,68],{"class":67},[57,16671,11725],{"class":93},[57,16673,16674,16677,16679,16681,16683,16686,16688,16690],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16675,16676],{"class":93},"    (",[57,16678,3224],{"class":1023},[57,16680,107],{"class":93},[57,16682,1024],{"class":1023},[57,16684,16685],{"class":93},"):",[57,16687,72],{"class":71},[57,16689,3883],{"class":75},[57,16691,79],{"class":71},[57,16693,16694],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16695,9544],{"class":93},[57,16697,16698],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16699,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16701,16702,16704,16706,16709],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16703,119],{"class":118},[57,16705,101],{"class":93},[57,16707,16708],{"class":97},"good",[57,16710,112],{"class":93},[43,16712,16714],{"id":16713},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16716,16717],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16719,16720],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16722,16723,16726,16728,16731],{},[33,16724,16725],{},"user data",[33,16727,14116],{},[33,16729,16730],{},"counters",[33,16732,16733],{},"lookups",[20,16735,179],{},[48,16737,16739],{"className":50,"code":16738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16740,16741,16749,16768,16787,16799,16803,16807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16742,16743,16745,16747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16744,11720],{"class":63},[57,16746,68],{"class":67},[57,16748,11725],{"class":93},[57,16750,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759,16761,16764,16766],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16752,11730],{"class":71},[57,16754,8220],{"class":75},[57,16756,104],{"class":71},[57,16758,1016],{"class":93},[57,16760,72],{"class":71},[57,16762,16763],{"class":75},"ana123",[57,16765,104],{"class":71},[57,16767,11746],{"class":93},[57,16769,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16783,16785],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,16771,11730],{"class":71},[57,16773,15491],{"class":75},[57,16775,104],{"class":71},[57,16777,1016],{"class":93},[57,16779,72],{"class":71},[57,16781,16782],{"class":75},"ana@example.com",[57,16784,104],{"class":71},[57,16786,11746],{"class":93},[57,16788,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,16790,11730],{"class":71},[57,16792,12746],{"class":75},[57,16794,104],{"class":71},[57,16796,1016],{"class":93},[57,16798,6658],{"class":4085},[57,16800,16801],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,16802,9544],{"class":93},[57,16804,16805],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,16806,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,16808,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,16810,119],{"class":118},[57,16812,101],{"class":93},[57,16814,11814],{"class":97},[57,16816,258],{"class":93},[57,16818,104],{"class":71},[57,16820,15491],{"class":75},[57,16822,104],{"class":71},[57,16824,1280],{"class":93},[20,16826,16827,16828,94],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[293,16829,16831],{"href":16830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16833,16834],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16836,16837,16840,16843],{},[33,16838,16839],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16841,16842],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16844,16845],{},"order matters more than named fields",[43,16847,1673],{"id":1672},[20,16849,16850],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16852,16853,16856,16859,16862,16865],{},[33,16854,16855],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16857,16858],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16860,16861],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16863,16864],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16866,16867,16868,16870],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16869,4026],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[572,16872,16874],{"id":16873},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16876,16877],{},"Wrong:",[48,16879,16881],{"className":50,"code":16880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16882,16883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16884,16885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16886,16880],{"class":132},[20,16888,16889],{},"Correct:",[48,16891,16893],{"className":50,"code":16892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16894,16895,16919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16896,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16898,13095],{"class":63},[57,16900,68],{"class":67},[57,16902,10725],{"class":93},[57,16904,104],{"class":71},[57,16906,1056],{"class":75},[57,16908,104],{"class":71},[57,16910,1016],{"class":93},[57,16912,72],{"class":71},[57,16914,13112],{"class":75},[57,16916,104],{"class":71},[57,16918,9544],{"class":93},[57,16920,16921,16923,16925,16927],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16922,119],{"class":118},[57,16924,101],{"class":93},[57,16926,13857],{"class":97},[57,16928,112],{"class":93},[572,16930,16932],{"id":16931},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16934,16877],{},[48,16936,16938],{"className":50,"code":16937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16939,16940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16941,16942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16943,16937],{"class":132},[20,16945,16946,16947,16949,16950,16952],{},"This only works if ",[15,16948,1056],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16951,15472],{},", use quotes.",[20,16954,16889],{},[48,16956,16957],{"className":50,"code":16892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,16958,16959,16983],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16962,13095],{"class":63},[57,16964,68],{"class":67},[57,16966,10725],{"class":93},[57,16968,104],{"class":71},[57,16970,1056],{"class":75},[57,16972,104],{"class":71},[57,16974,1016],{"class":93},[57,16976,72],{"class":71},[57,16978,13112],{"class":75},[57,16980,104],{"class":71},[57,16982,9544],{"class":93},[57,16984,16985,16987,16989,16991],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,16986,119],{"class":118},[57,16988,101],{"class":93},[57,16990,13857],{"class":97},[57,16992,112],{"class":93},[572,16994,16996],{"id":16995},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[48,16998,17000],{"className":50,"code":16999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17001,17002,17034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17003,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17005,9401],{"class":63},[57,17007,68],{"class":67},[57,17009,10725],{"class":93},[57,17011,104],{"class":71},[57,17013,1065],{"class":75},[57,17015,104],{"class":71},[57,17017,1016],{"class":93},[57,17019,8025],{"class":1023},[57,17021,107],{"class":93},[57,17023,72],{"class":71},[57,17025,1065],{"class":75},[57,17027,104],{"class":71},[57,17029,1016],{"class":93},[57,17031,8030],{"class":1023},[57,17033,9544],{"class":93},[57,17035,17036,17038,17040,17042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17037,119],{"class":118},[57,17039,101],{"class":93},[57,17041,9440],{"class":97},[57,17043,112],{"class":93},[20,17045,17046],{},[153,17047,243],{},[48,17049,17051],{"className":50,"code":17050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17052,17053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17054,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17056,9514],{"class":93},[57,17058,261],{"class":71},[57,17060,1065],{"class":75},[57,17062,261],{"class":71},[57,17064,1016],{"class":93},[57,17066,8030],{"class":1023},[57,17068,9544],{"class":93},[43,17070,17072],{"id":17071},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17074,17075],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[48,17077,17079],{"className":50,"code":17078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17080,17081,17117,17121,17131,17145,17160,17174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17082,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17084,11956],{"class":63},[57,17086,68],{"class":67},[57,17088,10725],{"class":93},[57,17090,104],{"class":71},[57,17092,1056],{"class":75},[57,17094,104],{"class":71},[57,17096,1016],{"class":93},[57,17098,72],{"class":71},[57,17100,13112],{"class":75},[57,17102,104],{"class":71},[57,17104,107],{"class":93},[57,17106,72],{"class":71},[57,17108,1065],{"class":75},[57,17110,104],{"class":71},[57,17112,1016],{"class":93},[57,17114,8025],{"class":1023},[57,17116,9544],{"class":93},[57,17118,17119],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17120,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,17122,17123,17125,17127,17129],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,17124,119],{"class":118},[57,17126,101],{"class":93},[57,17128,11681],{"class":97},[57,17130,112],{"class":93},[57,17132,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,17134,119],{"class":118},[57,17136,101],{"class":93},[57,17138,1257],{"class":1256},[57,17140,101],{"class":93},[57,17142,11681],{"class":97},[57,17144,640],{"class":93},[57,17146,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17158],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,17148,119],{"class":118},[57,17150,101],{"class":93},[57,17152,11681],{"class":97},[57,17154,94],{"class":93},[57,17156,17157],{"class":97},"keys",[57,17159,383],{"class":93},[57,17161,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,17163,119],{"class":118},[57,17165,101],{"class":93},[57,17167,11681],{"class":97},[57,17169,94],{"class":93},[57,17171,5591],{"class":97},[57,17173,383],{"class":93},[57,17175,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,17177,119],{"class":118},[57,17179,101],{"class":93},[57,17181,2009],{"class":118},[57,17183,101],{"class":93},[57,17185,11681],{"class":97},[57,17187,640],{"class":93},[20,17189,17190],{},[153,17191,17192],{},"Example output:",[48,17194,17196],{"className":50,"code":17195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17197,17198,17230,17244,17267,17286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17199,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17201,9514],{"class":93},[57,17203,261],{"class":71},[57,17205,1056],{"class":75},[57,17207,261],{"class":71},[57,17209,1016],{"class":93},[57,17211,271],{"class":71},[57,17213,13112],{"class":75},[57,17215,261],{"class":71},[57,17217,107],{"class":93},[57,17219,271],{"class":71},[57,17221,1065],{"class":75},[57,17223,261],{"class":71},[57,17225,1016],{"class":93},[57,17227,8025],{"class":1023},[57,17229,9544],{"class":93},[57,17231,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17233,1323],{"class":67},[57,17235,1327],{"class":1326},[57,17237,271],{"class":71},[57,17239,9057],{"class":75},[57,17241,261],{"class":71},[57,17243,1336],{"class":67},[57,17245,17246,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,17247,17248],{"class":97},"dict_keys",[57,17250,3221],{"class":93},[57,17252,261],{"class":71},[57,17254,1056],{"class":75},[57,17256,261],{"class":71},[57,17258,107],{"class":93},[57,17260,271],{"class":71},[57,17262,1065],{"class":75},[57,17264,261],{"class":71},[57,17266,1280],{"class":93},[57,17268,17269,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,17270,17271],{"class":97},"dict_values",[57,17273,3221],{"class":93},[57,17275,261],{"class":71},[57,17277,13112],{"class":75},[57,17279,261],{"class":71},[57,17281,107],{"class":93},[57,17283,8025],{"class":1023},[57,17285,1280],{"class":93},[57,17287,17288],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,17289,17290],{"class":1023},"2\n",[20,17292,17293,17294,754,17300,17306,17307,94],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[293,17295,10971,17297],{"href":17296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17298,17299],{},"keys()",[293,17301,10971,17303],{"href":17302},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17304,17305],{},"values()",", and ",[293,17308,10971,17310],{"href":17309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17311,17312],{},"items()",[43,17314,2075],{"id":2074},[572,17316,17318],{"id":17317},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17320,136,17321,3114,17323,17325],{},[15,17322,4026],{},[15,17324,9355],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[572,17327,17329],{"id":17328},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17331,17332,17333,94],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17334,17335],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[572,17337,17339],{"id":17338},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17341,17342],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[572,17344,17346],{"id":17345},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17348,17349],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[572,17351,2079,17353,2082,17355,2085],{"id":17352},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17354,4026],{},[15,17356,9355],{},[20,17358,17359,17361,17362,17364],{},[15,17360,4026],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17363,9355],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[43,17366,2132],{"id":2131},[30,17368,17369,17373,17379,17383,17389],{},[33,17370,17371],{},[293,17372,9391],{"href":9390},[33,17374,17375],{},[293,17376,10971,17377,742],{"href":10970},[15,17378,10974],{},[33,17380,17381],{},[293,17382,11483],{"href":10965},[33,17384,17385],{},[293,17386,17388],{"href":17387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,17390,17391],{},[293,17392,11494],{"href":11307},[20,17394,17395],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2161,17397,17398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":17400},[17401,17402,17403,17404,17407,17410,17415,17416,17421,17422,17427,17428,17436],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":15412,"depth":82,"text":15400},{"id":15497,"depth":82,"text":15498,"children":17405},[17406],{"id":15649,"depth":115,"text":15650},{"id":9637,"depth":82,"text":9638,"children":17408},[17409],{"id":15828,"depth":115,"text":15829},{"id":15941,"depth":82,"text":17411,"children":17412},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17413],{"id":16068,"depth":115,"text":17414},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9679,"depth":82,"text":9680},{"id":16422,"depth":82,"text":16423,"children":17417},[17418,17419,17420],{"id":16443,"depth":115,"text":16444},{"id":16545,"depth":115,"text":16546},{"id":16627,"depth":115,"text":16628},{"id":16713,"depth":82,"text":16714},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":17423},[17424,17425,17426],{"id":16873,"depth":115,"text":16874},{"id":16931,"depth":115,"text":16932},{"id":16995,"depth":115,"text":16996},{"id":17071,"depth":82,"text":17072},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":17429},[17430,17431,17432,17433,17434],{"id":17317,"depth":115,"text":17318},{"id":17328,"depth":115,"text":17329},{"id":17338,"depth":115,"text":17339},{"id":17345,"depth":115,"text":17346},{"id":17352,"depth":115,"text":17435},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15237,"description":17437},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17443,"title":17444,"body":17445,"description":19895,"extension":2201,"meta":19896,"navigation":217,"path":19897,"seo":19898,"stem":19899,"__hash__":19900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17446,"toc":19851},[17447,17453,17459,17462,17465,17467,17549,17555,17560,17564,17582,17594,17599,17603,17626,17630,17642,17650,17654,17660,17662,17665,17739,17741,17786,17788,17805,17810,17816,17821,17895,17897,17942,17945,17956,17958,18077,18079,18132,18139,18143,18146,18163,18169,18173,18271,18273,18325,18332,18336,18342,18345,18348,18375,18380,18384,18387,18491,18493,18538,18541,18544,18549,18554,18565,18567,18628,18688,18694,18702,18708,18713,18718,18778,18782,18849,18852,18856,18927,18930,18943,18950,18952,18956,18960,19031,19033,19070,19073,19076,19139,19146,19149,19191,19201,19204,19273,19279,19284,19368,19370,19419,19426,19432,19477,19479,19512,19517,19521,19527,19566,19610,19678,19721,19723,19729,19732,19736,19741,19745,19748,19752,19754,19815,19817,19843,19848],[10,17448,11550,17450,18],{"id":17449},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17451,17452],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17454,17455,17458],{},[15,17456,17457],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17460,17461],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17463,17464],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[43,17466,46],{"id":45},[48,17468,17470],{"className":50,"code":17469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17471,17472,17505,17533,17544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17473,17474,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17475,17476],{"class":63},"keys ",[57,17478,68],{"class":67},[57,17480,1380],{"class":93},[57,17482,104],{"class":71},[57,17484,1056],{"class":75},[57,17486,104],{"class":71},[57,17488,107],{"class":93},[57,17490,72],{"class":71},[57,17492,1065],{"class":75},[57,17494,104],{"class":71},[57,17496,107],{"class":93},[57,17498,72],{"class":71},[57,17500,10644],{"class":75},[57,17502,104],{"class":71},[57,17504,288],{"class":93},[57,17506,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17529,17531],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17508,13435],{"class":63},[57,17510,68],{"class":67},[57,17512,9406],{"class":1256},[57,17514,94],{"class":93},[57,17516,17517],{"class":97},"fromkeys",[57,17519,101],{"class":93},[57,17521,17157],{"class":97},[57,17523,107],{"class":93},[57,17525,72],{"class":71},[57,17527,17528],{"class":75},"unknown",[57,17530,104],{"class":71},[57,17532,112],{"class":93},[57,17534,17535,17537,17539,17542],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,17536,119],{"class":118},[57,17538,101],{"class":93},[57,17540,17541],{"class":97},"person",[57,17543,112],{"class":93},[57,17545,17546],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,17547,17548],{"class":132},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17550,136,17551,17554],{},[15,17552,17553],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[43,17556,143,17558,146],{"id":17557},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17559,17457],{},[20,17561,17562,1016],{},[15,17563,17457],{},[30,17565,17566,17569,17572,17575],{},[33,17567,17568],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17570,17571],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17573,17574],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17576,17577,17578,17581],{},"Is called as ",[15,17579,17580],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17583,17584,17585,17587,17588,17590,17591,94],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17586,9057],{},", so you write ",[15,17589,17580],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17592,17593],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17595,17596,17597,94],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[293,17598,9391],{"href":13255},[43,17600,17602],{"id":17601},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[48,17604,17606],{"className":50,"code":17605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17607,17608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17609,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17611,9057],{"class":1256},[57,17613,94],{"class":93},[57,17615,17517],{"class":97},[57,17617,101],{"class":93},[57,17619,3955],{"class":97},[57,17621,107],{"class":93},[57,17623,8668],{"class":97},[57,17625,112],{"class":93},[572,17627,17629],{"id":17628},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17631,17632,17637],{},[33,17633,17634,17636],{},[15,17635,3955],{},": the keys to use",[33,17638,17639,17641],{},[15,17640,2708],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17643,17644,17645,17647,17648,94],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17646,2708],{},", each key gets ",[15,17649,4012],{},[572,17651,17653],{"id":17652},"return-value","Return value",[20,17655,17656,17657,94],{},"It returns a ",[153,17658,17659],{},"new dictionary",[43,17661,6020],{"id":6019},[20,17663,17664],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[48,17666,17668],{"className":50,"code":17667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17669,17670,17702,17724,17728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17671,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17673,17476],{"class":63},[57,17675,68],{"class":67},[57,17677,1380],{"class":93},[57,17679,104],{"class":71},[57,17681,264],{"class":75},[57,17683,104],{"class":71},[57,17685,107],{"class":93},[57,17687,72],{"class":71},[57,17689,283],{"class":75},[57,17691,104],{"class":71},[57,17693,107],{"class":93},[57,17695,72],{"class":71},[57,17697,274],{"class":75},[57,17699,104],{"class":71},[57,17701,288],{"class":93},[57,17703,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17705,13308],{"class":63},[57,17707,68],{"class":67},[57,17709,9406],{"class":1256},[57,17711,94],{"class":93},[57,17713,17517],{"class":97},[57,17715,101],{"class":93},[57,17717,17157],{"class":97},[57,17719,107],{"class":93},[57,17721,4068],{"class":1023},[57,17723,112],{"class":93},[57,17725,17726],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,17727,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,17729,17730,17732,17734,17737],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,17731,119],{"class":118},[57,17733,101],{"class":93},[57,17735,17736],{"class":97},"colors",[57,17738,112],{"class":93},[20,17740,243],{},[48,17742,17744],{"className":50,"code":17743,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17745,17746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17747,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17749,9514],{"class":93},[57,17751,261],{"class":71},[57,17753,264],{"class":75},[57,17755,261],{"class":71},[57,17757,1016],{"class":93},[57,17759,4068],{"class":1023},[57,17761,107],{"class":93},[57,17763,271],{"class":71},[57,17765,283],{"class":75},[57,17767,261],{"class":71},[57,17769,1016],{"class":93},[57,17771,4068],{"class":1023},[57,17773,107],{"class":93},[57,17775,271],{"class":71},[57,17777,274],{"class":75},[57,17779,261],{"class":71},[57,17781,1016],{"class":93},[57,17783,4068],{"class":1023},[57,17785,9544],{"class":93},[20,17787,11916],{},[30,17789,17790,17795,17800],{},[33,17791,17792,17794],{},[15,17793,17157],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17796,17797,17799],{},[15,17798,1277],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17801,17802,17804],{},[15,17803,17457],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17806,17807,17808,94],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[293,17809,9627],{"href":13258},[43,17811,425,17813,17815],{"id":17812},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17814,17452],{}," without a value",[20,17817,17818,17819,94],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17820,4012],{},[48,17822,17824],{"className":50,"code":17823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17825,17826,17860,17880,17884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17827,17828,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17856,17858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17829,17830],{"class":63},"fields ",[57,17832,68],{"class":67},[57,17834,1380],{"class":93},[57,17836,104],{"class":71},[57,17838,8220],{"class":75},[57,17840,104],{"class":71},[57,17842,107],{"class":93},[57,17844,72],{"class":71},[57,17846,15491],{"class":75},[57,17848,104],{"class":71},[57,17850,107],{"class":93},[57,17852,72],{"class":71},[57,17854,17855],{"class":75},"password",[57,17857,104],{"class":71},[57,17859,288],{"class":93},[57,17861,17862,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17878],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17863,17864],{"class":63},"user_data ",[57,17866,68],{"class":67},[57,17868,9406],{"class":1256},[57,17870,94],{"class":93},[57,17872,17517],{"class":97},[57,17874,101],{"class":93},[57,17876,17877],{"class":97},"fields",[57,17879,112],{"class":93},[57,17881,17882],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,17883,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,17885,17886,17888,17890,17893],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,17887,119],{"class":118},[57,17889,101],{"class":93},[57,17891,17892],{"class":97},"user_data",[57,17894,112],{"class":93},[20,17896,243],{},[48,17898,17900],{"className":50,"code":17899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17901,17902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17903,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17905,9514],{"class":93},[57,17907,261],{"class":71},[57,17909,8220],{"class":75},[57,17911,261],{"class":71},[57,17913,1016],{"class":93},[57,17915,4086],{"class":4085},[57,17917,107],{"class":93},[57,17919,271],{"class":71},[57,17921,15491],{"class":75},[57,17923,261],{"class":71},[57,17925,1016],{"class":93},[57,17927,4086],{"class":4085},[57,17929,107],{"class":93},[57,17931,271],{"class":71},[57,17933,17855],{"class":75},[57,17935,261],{"class":71},[57,17937,1016],{"class":93},[57,17939,4086],{"class":4085},[57,17941,9544],{"class":93},[20,17943,17944],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17946,17947,17950,17953],{},[33,17948,17949],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17951,17952],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17954,17955],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17957,179],{},[48,17959,17961],{"className":50,"code":17960,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17962,17963,17995,18013,18017,18040,18063,18067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17964,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17966,17830],{"class":63},[57,17968,68],{"class":67},[57,17970,1380],{"class":93},[57,17972,104],{"class":71},[57,17974,8220],{"class":75},[57,17976,104],{"class":71},[57,17978,107],{"class":93},[57,17980,72],{"class":71},[57,17982,15491],{"class":75},[57,17984,104],{"class":71},[57,17986,107],{"class":93},[57,17988,72],{"class":71},[57,17990,17855],{"class":75},[57,17992,104],{"class":71},[57,17994,288],{"class":93},[57,17996,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,17998,17864],{"class":63},[57,18000,68],{"class":67},[57,18002,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18004,94],{"class":93},[57,18006,17517],{"class":97},[57,18008,101],{"class":93},[57,18010,17877],{"class":97},[57,18012,112],{"class":93},[57,18014,18015],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,18016,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18018,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18038],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,18020,17892],{"class":63},[57,18022,258],{"class":93},[57,18024,104],{"class":71},[57,18026,8220],{"class":75},[57,18028,104],{"class":71},[57,18030,13504],{"class":93},[57,18032,13507],{"class":67},[57,18034,72],{"class":71},[57,18036,18037],{"class":75},"alice",[57,18039,79],{"class":71},[57,18041,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18061],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,18043,17892],{"class":63},[57,18045,258],{"class":93},[57,18047,104],{"class":71},[57,18049,15491],{"class":75},[57,18051,104],{"class":71},[57,18053,13504],{"class":93},[57,18055,13507],{"class":67},[57,18057,72],{"class":71},[57,18059,18060],{"class":75},"alice@example.com",[57,18062,79],{"class":71},[57,18064,18065],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,18066,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18068,18069,18071,18073,18075],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,18070,119],{"class":118},[57,18072,101],{"class":93},[57,18074,17892],{"class":97},[57,18076,112],{"class":93},[20,18078,243],{},[48,18080,18082],{"className":50,"code":18081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18083,18084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18085,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18087,9514],{"class":93},[57,18089,261],{"class":71},[57,18091,8220],{"class":75},[57,18093,261],{"class":71},[57,18095,1016],{"class":93},[57,18097,271],{"class":71},[57,18099,18037],{"class":75},[57,18101,261],{"class":71},[57,18103,107],{"class":93},[57,18105,271],{"class":71},[57,18107,15491],{"class":75},[57,18109,261],{"class":71},[57,18111,1016],{"class":93},[57,18113,271],{"class":71},[57,18115,18060],{"class":75},[57,18117,261],{"class":71},[57,18119,107],{"class":93},[57,18121,271],{"class":71},[57,18123,17855],{"class":75},[57,18125,261],{"class":71},[57,18127,1016],{"class":93},[57,18129,4086],{"class":4085},[57,18131,9544],{"class":93},[20,18133,18134,18135,94],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[293,18136,18138],{"href":18137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[43,18140,18142],{"id":18141},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18144,18145],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,18147,18148,18153,18158],{},[33,18149,18150,18152],{},[15,18151,4021],{}," (list)",[33,18154,18155,18157],{},[15,18156,4026],{}," (dictionary)",[33,18159,18160,18162],{},[15,18161,4031],{}," (set)",[20,18164,18165,18166,94],{},"All keys will point to the ",[153,18167,18168],{},"same object",[572,18170,18172],{"id":18171},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[48,18174,18176],{"className":50,"code":18175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18177,18178,18210,18231,18235,18257,18261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18179,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18181,17476],{"class":63},[57,18183,68],{"class":67},[57,18185,1380],{"class":93},[57,18187,104],{"class":71},[57,18189,293],{"class":75},[57,18191,104],{"class":71},[57,18193,107],{"class":93},[57,18195,72],{"class":71},[57,18197,664],{"class":75},[57,18199,104],{"class":71},[57,18201,107],{"class":93},[57,18203,72],{"class":71},[57,18205,673],{"class":75},[57,18207,104],{"class":71},[57,18209,288],{"class":93},[57,18211,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18213,9401],{"class":63},[57,18215,68],{"class":67},[57,18217,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18219,94],{"class":93},[57,18221,17517],{"class":97},[57,18223,101],{"class":93},[57,18225,17157],{"class":97},[57,18227,107],{"class":93},[57,18229,18230],{"class":93}," [])\n",[57,18232,18233],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,18234,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18236,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,18238,9440],{"class":63},[57,18240,258],{"class":93},[57,18242,104],{"class":71},[57,18244,293],{"class":75},[57,18246,104],{"class":71},[57,18248,13781],{"class":93},[57,18250,13784],{"class":97},[57,18252,101],{"class":93},[57,18254,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18256,112],{"class":93},[57,18258,18259],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,18260,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18262,18263,18265,18267,18269],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,18264,119],{"class":118},[57,18266,101],{"class":93},[57,18268,9440],{"class":97},[57,18270,112],{"class":93},[20,18272,243],{},[48,18274,18276],{"className":50,"code":18275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18277,18278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18279,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18281,9514],{"class":93},[57,18283,261],{"class":71},[57,18285,293],{"class":75},[57,18287,261],{"class":71},[57,18289,1016],{"class":93},[57,18291,1380],{"class":93},[57,18293,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18295,18296],{"class":93},"],",[57,18298,271],{"class":71},[57,18300,664],{"class":75},[57,18302,261],{"class":71},[57,18304,1016],{"class":93},[57,18306,1380],{"class":93},[57,18308,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18310,18296],{"class":93},[57,18312,271],{"class":71},[57,18314,673],{"class":75},[57,18316,261],{"class":71},[57,18318,1016],{"class":93},[57,18320,1380],{"class":93},[57,18322,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18324,13937],{"class":93},[20,18326,18327,18328,18331],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18329,18330],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[572,18333,18335],{"id":18334},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18337,18338,18341],{},[15,18339,18340],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18343,18344],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18346,18347],{},"So this:",[48,18349,18351],{"className":50,"code":18350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18352,18353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18354,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18356,9440],{"class":63},[57,18358,258],{"class":93},[57,18360,104],{"class":71},[57,18362,293],{"class":75},[57,18364,104],{"class":71},[57,18366,13781],{"class":93},[57,18368,13784],{"class":97},[57,18370,101],{"class":93},[57,18372,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18374,112],{"class":93},[20,18376,18377,18378,94],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18379,18330],{},[572,18381,18383],{"id":18382},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18385,18386],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[48,18388,18390],{"className":50,"code":18389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18391,18392,18424,18451,18455,18477,18481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18393,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18395,17476],{"class":63},[57,18397,68],{"class":67},[57,18399,1380],{"class":93},[57,18401,104],{"class":71},[57,18403,293],{"class":75},[57,18405,104],{"class":71},[57,18407,107],{"class":93},[57,18409,72],{"class":71},[57,18411,664],{"class":75},[57,18413,104],{"class":71},[57,18415,107],{"class":93},[57,18417,72],{"class":71},[57,18419,673],{"class":75},[57,18421,104],{"class":71},[57,18423,288],{"class":93},[57,18425,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18439,18441,18444,18446,18449],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18427,9401],{"class":63},[57,18429,68],{"class":67},[57,18431,10725],{"class":93},[57,18433,15073],{"class":63},[57,18435,1016],{"class":93},[57,18437,18438],{"class":93}," []",[57,18440,4111],{"class":4110},[57,18442,18443],{"class":63}," key ",[57,18445,4117],{"class":4110},[57,18447,18448],{"class":63}," keys",[57,18450,9544],{"class":93},[57,18452,18453],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,18454,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18456,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,18458,9440],{"class":63},[57,18460,258],{"class":93},[57,18462,104],{"class":71},[57,18464,293],{"class":75},[57,18466,104],{"class":71},[57,18468,13781],{"class":93},[57,18470,13784],{"class":97},[57,18472,101],{"class":93},[57,18474,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18476,112],{"class":93},[57,18478,18479],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,18480,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,18482,18483,18485,18487,18489],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,18484,119],{"class":118},[57,18486,101],{"class":93},[57,18488,9440],{"class":97},[57,18490,112],{"class":93},[20,18492,243],{},[48,18494,18496],{"className":50,"code":18495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18497,18498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18499,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18501,9514],{"class":93},[57,18503,261],{"class":71},[57,18505,293],{"class":75},[57,18507,261],{"class":71},[57,18509,1016],{"class":93},[57,18511,1380],{"class":93},[57,18513,3224],{"class":1023},[57,18515,18296],{"class":93},[57,18517,271],{"class":71},[57,18519,664],{"class":75},[57,18521,261],{"class":71},[57,18523,1016],{"class":93},[57,18525,18526],{"class":93}," [],",[57,18528,271],{"class":71},[57,18530,673],{"class":75},[57,18532,261],{"class":71},[57,18534,1016],{"class":93},[57,18536,18537],{"class":93}," []}\n",[20,18539,18540],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18542,18543],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[43,18545,1637,18547],{"id":18546},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18548,17452],{},[20,18550,18551,18553],{},[15,18552,17457],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18555,18556,18559,18562],{},[33,18557,18558],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18560,18561],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18563,18564],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18566,2361],{},[48,18568,18570],{"className":50,"code":18569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18571,18572,18617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18573,18574,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18609,18611,18613,18615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18575,18576],{"class":63},"flags ",[57,18578,68],{"class":67},[57,18580,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18582,94],{"class":93},[57,18584,17517],{"class":97},[57,18586,3221],{"class":93},[57,18588,104],{"class":71},[57,18590,18591],{"class":75},"is_admin",[57,18593,104],{"class":71},[57,18595,107],{"class":93},[57,18597,72],{"class":71},[57,18599,15311],{"class":75},[57,18601,104],{"class":71},[57,18603,107],{"class":93},[57,18605,72],{"class":71},[57,18607,18608],{"class":75},"is_verified",[57,18610,104],{"class":71},[57,18612,18296],{"class":93},[57,18614,4140],{"class":4085},[57,18616,112],{"class":93},[57,18618,18619,18621,18623,18626],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18620,119],{"class":118},[57,18622,101],{"class":93},[57,18624,18625],{"class":97},"flags",[57,18627,112],{"class":93},[48,18629,18631],{"className":50,"code":18630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18632,18633,18678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18634,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18652,18654,18656,18658,18661,18663,18665,18667,18670,18672,18674,18676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18636,5296],{"class":63},[57,18638,68],{"class":67},[57,18640,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18642,94],{"class":93},[57,18644,17517],{"class":97},[57,18646,3221],{"class":93},[57,18648,104],{"class":71},[57,18650,18651],{"class":75},"math",[57,18653,104],{"class":71},[57,18655,107],{"class":93},[57,18657,72],{"class":71},[57,18659,18660],{"class":75},"science",[57,18662,104],{"class":71},[57,18664,107],{"class":93},[57,18666,72],{"class":71},[57,18668,18669],{"class":75},"history",[57,18671,104],{"class":71},[57,18673,18296],{"class":93},[57,18675,4068],{"class":1023},[57,18677,112],{"class":93},[57,18679,18680,18682,18684,18686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18681,119],{"class":118},[57,18683,101],{"class":93},[57,18685,16622],{"class":97},[57,18687,112],{"class":93},[20,18689,18690,18691,18693],{},"It is ",[153,18692,175],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18695,18696,18699],{},[33,18697,18698],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18700,18701],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[43,18703,18705,18707],{"id":18704},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18706,17452],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18709,18710,18712],{},[15,18711,17452],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[572,18714,425,18716],{"id":18715},"using-fromkeys",[15,18717,17452],{},[48,18719,18721],{"className":50,"code":18720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18722,18723,18768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18724,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18742,18744,18746,18748,18751,18753,18755,18757,18760,18762,18764,18766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18726,14057],{"class":63},[57,18728,68],{"class":67},[57,18730,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18732,94],{"class":93},[57,18734,17517],{"class":97},[57,18736,3221],{"class":93},[57,18738,104],{"class":71},[57,18740,18741],{"class":75},"sound",[57,18743,104],{"class":71},[57,18745,107],{"class":93},[57,18747,72],{"class":71},[57,18749,18750],{"class":75},"music",[57,18752,104],{"class":71},[57,18754,107],{"class":93},[57,18756,72],{"class":71},[57,18758,18759],{"class":75},"notifications",[57,18761,104],{"class":71},[57,18763,18296],{"class":93},[57,18765,4149],{"class":4085},[57,18767,112],{"class":93},[57,18769,18770,18772,18774,18776],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18771,119],{"class":118},[57,18773,101],{"class":93},[57,18775,14116],{"class":97},[57,18777,112],{"class":93},[572,18779,18781],{"id":18780},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[48,18783,18785],{"className":50,"code":18784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18786,18787,18795,18809,18823,18835,18839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18788,18789,18791,18793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18790,14057],{"class":63},[57,18792,68],{"class":67},[57,18794,11725],{"class":93},[57,18796,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18798,11730],{"class":71},[57,18800,18741],{"class":75},[57,18802,104],{"class":71},[57,18804,1016],{"class":93},[57,18806,4149],{"class":4085},[57,18808,11746],{"class":93},[57,18810,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,18812,11730],{"class":71},[57,18814,18750],{"class":75},[57,18816,104],{"class":71},[57,18818,1016],{"class":93},[57,18820,4140],{"class":4085},[57,18822,11746],{"class":93},[57,18824,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,18826,11730],{"class":71},[57,18828,18759],{"class":75},[57,18830,104],{"class":71},[57,18832,1016],{"class":93},[57,18834,6658],{"class":4085},[57,18836,18837],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,18838,9544],{"class":93},[57,18840,18841,18843,18845,18847],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,18842,119],{"class":118},[57,18844,101],{"class":93},[57,18846,14116],{"class":97},[57,18848,112],{"class":93},[20,18850,18851],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[572,18853,18855],{"id":18854},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[48,18857,18859],{"className":50,"code":18858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18860,18861,18893,18917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18862,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18864,17476],{"class":63},[57,18866,68],{"class":67},[57,18868,1380],{"class":93},[57,18870,104],{"class":71},[57,18872,293],{"class":75},[57,18874,104],{"class":71},[57,18876,107],{"class":93},[57,18878,72],{"class":71},[57,18880,664],{"class":75},[57,18882,104],{"class":71},[57,18884,107],{"class":93},[57,18886,72],{"class":71},[57,18888,673],{"class":75},[57,18890,104],{"class":71},[57,18892,288],{"class":93},[57,18894,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,18896,9401],{"class":63},[57,18898,68],{"class":67},[57,18900,10725],{"class":93},[57,18902,15073],{"class":63},[57,18904,1016],{"class":93},[57,18906,18438],{"class":93},[57,18908,4111],{"class":4110},[57,18910,18443],{"class":63},[57,18912,4117],{"class":4110},[57,18914,18448],{"class":63},[57,18916,9544],{"class":93},[57,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,18920,119],{"class":118},[57,18922,101],{"class":93},[57,18924,9440],{"class":97},[57,18926,112],{"class":93},[20,18928,18929],{},"Use:",[30,18931,18932,18937,18940],{},[33,18933,18934,18936],{},[15,18935,17452],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18938,18939],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18941,18942],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18944,18945,18946,94],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[293,18947,10971,18948,742],{"href":14264},[15,18949,15186],{},[43,18951,1673],{"id":1672},[20,18953,14965,18954,94],{},[15,18955,17457],{},[572,18957,18959],{"id":18958},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[48,18961,18963],{"className":50,"code":18962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18964,18965,18998,19021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18966,18967,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18968,18969],{"class":63},"d ",[57,18971,68],{"class":67},[57,18973,9406],{"class":1256},[57,18975,94],{"class":93},[57,18977,17517],{"class":97},[57,18979,3221],{"class":93},[57,18981,104],{"class":71},[57,18983,293],{"class":75},[57,18985,104],{"class":71},[57,18987,107],{"class":93},[57,18989,72],{"class":71},[57,18991,664],{"class":75},[57,18993,104],{"class":71},[57,18995,18296],{"class":93},[57,18997,18230],{"class":93},[57,18999,19000,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19001,19002],{"class":63},"d",[57,19004,258],{"class":93},[57,19006,104],{"class":71},[57,19008,293],{"class":75},[57,19010,104],{"class":71},[57,19012,13781],{"class":93},[57,19014,13784],{"class":97},[57,19016,101],{"class":93},[57,19018,3224],{"class":1023},[57,19020,112],{"class":93},[57,19022,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19024,119],{"class":118},[57,19026,101],{"class":93},[57,19028,19002],{"class":97},[57,19030,112],{"class":93},[20,19032,243],{},[48,19034,19036],{"className":50,"code":19035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19037,19038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19039,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19041,9514],{"class":93},[57,19043,261],{"class":71},[57,19045,293],{"class":75},[57,19047,261],{"class":71},[57,19049,1016],{"class":93},[57,19051,1380],{"class":93},[57,19053,3224],{"class":1023},[57,19055,18296],{"class":93},[57,19057,271],{"class":71},[57,19059,664],{"class":75},[57,19061,261],{"class":71},[57,19063,1016],{"class":93},[57,19065,1380],{"class":93},[57,19067,3224],{"class":1023},[57,19069,13937],{"class":93},[20,19071,19072],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19074,19075],{},"Use this instead:",[48,19077,19079],{"className":50,"code":19078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19080,19081,19105,19129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19082,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19084,17476],{"class":63},[57,19086,68],{"class":67},[57,19088,1380],{"class":93},[57,19090,104],{"class":71},[57,19092,293],{"class":75},[57,19094,104],{"class":71},[57,19096,107],{"class":93},[57,19098,72],{"class":71},[57,19100,664],{"class":75},[57,19102,104],{"class":71},[57,19104,288],{"class":93},[57,19106,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19108,18969],{"class":63},[57,19110,68],{"class":67},[57,19112,10725],{"class":93},[57,19114,15073],{"class":63},[57,19116,1016],{"class":93},[57,19118,18438],{"class":93},[57,19120,4111],{"class":4110},[57,19122,18443],{"class":63},[57,19124,4117],{"class":4110},[57,19126,18448],{"class":63},[57,19128,9544],{"class":93},[57,19130,19131,19133,19135,19137],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19132,119],{"class":118},[57,19134,101],{"class":93},[57,19136,19002],{"class":97},[57,19138,112],{"class":93},[572,19140,19142,19143,19145],{"id":19141},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19144,17452],{}," on a list",[20,19147,19148],{},"Wrong idea:",[48,19150,19152],{"className":50,"code":19151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19153,19154,19186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19155,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19157,17476],{"class":63},[57,19159,68],{"class":67},[57,19161,1380],{"class":93},[57,19163,104],{"class":71},[57,19165,293],{"class":75},[57,19167,104],{"class":71},[57,19169,107],{"class":93},[57,19171,72],{"class":71},[57,19173,664],{"class":75},[57,19175,104],{"class":71},[57,19177,107],{"class":93},[57,19179,72],{"class":71},[57,19181,673],{"class":75},[57,19183,104],{"class":71},[57,19185,288],{"class":93},[57,19187,19188],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19189,19190],{"class":132},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19192,19193,19195,19196,19198,19199,94],{},[15,19194,17452],{}," belongs to ",[15,19197,9057],{},", not ",[15,19200,1188],{},[20,19202,19203],{},"Correct usage:",[48,19205,19207],{"className":50,"code":19206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19208,19209,19241,19263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19210,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19212,17476],{"class":63},[57,19214,68],{"class":67},[57,19216,1380],{"class":93},[57,19218,104],{"class":71},[57,19220,293],{"class":75},[57,19222,104],{"class":71},[57,19224,107],{"class":93},[57,19226,72],{"class":71},[57,19228,664],{"class":75},[57,19230,104],{"class":71},[57,19232,107],{"class":93},[57,19234,72],{"class":71},[57,19236,673],{"class":75},[57,19238,104],{"class":71},[57,19240,288],{"class":93},[57,19242,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19244,18969],{"class":63},[57,19246,68],{"class":67},[57,19248,9406],{"class":1256},[57,19250,94],{"class":93},[57,19252,17517],{"class":97},[57,19254,101],{"class":93},[57,19256,17157],{"class":97},[57,19258,107],{"class":93},[57,19260,4068],{"class":1023},[57,19262,112],{"class":93},[57,19264,19265,19267,19269,19271],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19266,119],{"class":118},[57,19268,101],{"class":93},[57,19270,19002],{"class":97},[57,19272,112],{"class":93},[572,19274,8688,19276,19278],{"id":19275},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19277,17452],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19280,19281,19283],{},[15,19282,17457],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[48,19285,19287],{"className":50,"code":19286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19288,19289,19309,19343,19347,19357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19290,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19292,12318],{"class":63},[57,19294,68],{"class":67},[57,19296,10725],{"class":93},[57,19298,104],{"class":71},[57,19300,2409],{"class":75},[57,19302,104],{"class":71},[57,19304,1016],{"class":93},[57,19306,1143],{"class":1023},[57,19308,9544],{"class":93},[57,19310,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19312,13270],{"class":63},[57,19314,68],{"class":67},[57,19316,9406],{"class":1256},[57,19318,94],{"class":93},[57,19320,17517],{"class":97},[57,19322,3221],{"class":93},[57,19324,104],{"class":71},[57,19326,293],{"class":75},[57,19328,104],{"class":71},[57,19330,107],{"class":93},[57,19332,72],{"class":71},[57,19334,664],{"class":75},[57,19336,104],{"class":71},[57,19338,18296],{"class":93},[57,19340,4068],{"class":1023},[57,19342,112],{"class":93},[57,19344,19345],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19346,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,19348,19349,19351,19353,19355],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,19350,119],{"class":118},[57,19352,101],{"class":93},[57,19354,12365],{"class":97},[57,19356,112],{"class":93},[57,19358,19359,19361,19363,19366],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,19360,119],{"class":118},[57,19362,101],{"class":93},[57,19364,19365],{"class":97},"new_dict",[57,19367,112],{"class":93},[20,19369,243],{},[48,19371,19373],{"className":50,"code":19372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19374,19375,19391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19376,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19378,9514],{"class":93},[57,19380,261],{"class":71},[57,19382,2409],{"class":75},[57,19384,261],{"class":71},[57,19386,1016],{"class":93},[57,19388,1143],{"class":1023},[57,19390,9544],{"class":93},[57,19392,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19394,9514],{"class":93},[57,19396,261],{"class":71},[57,19398,293],{"class":75},[57,19400,261],{"class":71},[57,19402,1016],{"class":93},[57,19404,4068],{"class":1023},[57,19406,107],{"class":93},[57,19408,271],{"class":71},[57,19410,664],{"class":75},[57,19412,261],{"class":71},[57,19414,1016],{"class":93},[57,19416,4068],{"class":1023},[57,19418,9544],{"class":93},[20,19420,19421,19422,94],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[293,19423,10971,19424,742],{"href":14264},[15,19425,15186],{},[572,19427,19429,19430],{"id":19428},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19431,4012],{},[48,19433,19435],{"className":50,"code":19434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19436,19437,19467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19438,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19440,18969],{"class":63},[57,19442,68],{"class":67},[57,19444,9406],{"class":1256},[57,19446,94],{"class":93},[57,19448,17517],{"class":97},[57,19450,3221],{"class":93},[57,19452,104],{"class":71},[57,19454,2409],{"class":75},[57,19456,104],{"class":71},[57,19458,107],{"class":93},[57,19460,72],{"class":71},[57,19462,11977],{"class":75},[57,19464,104],{"class":71},[57,19466,1280],{"class":93},[57,19468,19469,19471,19473,19475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19470,119],{"class":118},[57,19472,101],{"class":93},[57,19474,19002],{"class":97},[57,19476,112],{"class":93},[20,19478,243],{},[48,19480,19482],{"className":50,"code":19481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19483,19484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19485,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19487,9514],{"class":93},[57,19489,261],{"class":71},[57,19491,2409],{"class":75},[57,19493,261],{"class":71},[57,19495,1016],{"class":93},[57,19497,4086],{"class":4085},[57,19499,107],{"class":93},[57,19501,271],{"class":71},[57,19503,11977],{"class":75},[57,19505,261],{"class":71},[57,19507,1016],{"class":93},[57,19509,4086],{"class":4085},[57,19511,9544],{"class":93},[20,19513,19514,19515,94],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19516,4012],{},[43,19518,19520],{"id":19519},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19522,19523,19524,19526],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19525,17452],{}," works.",[48,19528,19530],{"className":50,"code":19529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19531,19532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19533,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19535,119],{"class":118},[57,19537,101],{"class":93},[57,19539,9057],{"class":1256},[57,19541,94],{"class":93},[57,19543,17517],{"class":97},[57,19545,3221],{"class":93},[57,19547,104],{"class":71},[57,19549,293],{"class":75},[57,19551,104],{"class":71},[57,19553,107],{"class":93},[57,19555,72],{"class":71},[57,19557,664],{"class":75},[57,19559,104],{"class":71},[57,19561,18296],{"class":93},[57,19563,4068],{"class":1023},[57,19565,640],{"class":93},[48,19567,19568],{"className":50,"code":19434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,19569,19570,19600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19571,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19573,18969],{"class":63},[57,19575,68],{"class":67},[57,19577,9406],{"class":1256},[57,19579,94],{"class":93},[57,19581,17517],{"class":97},[57,19583,3221],{"class":93},[57,19585,104],{"class":71},[57,19587,2409],{"class":75},[57,19589,104],{"class":71},[57,19591,107],{"class":93},[57,19593,72],{"class":71},[57,19595,11977],{"class":75},[57,19597,104],{"class":71},[57,19599,1280],{"class":93},[57,19601,19602,19604,19606,19608],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19603,119],{"class":118},[57,19605,101],{"class":93},[57,19607,19002],{"class":97},[57,19609,112],{"class":93},[48,19611,19612],{"className":50,"code":18962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,19613,19614,19646,19668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19615,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19617,18969],{"class":63},[57,19619,68],{"class":67},[57,19621,9406],{"class":1256},[57,19623,94],{"class":93},[57,19625,17517],{"class":97},[57,19627,3221],{"class":93},[57,19629,104],{"class":71},[57,19631,293],{"class":75},[57,19633,104],{"class":71},[57,19635,107],{"class":93},[57,19637,72],{"class":71},[57,19639,664],{"class":75},[57,19641,104],{"class":71},[57,19643,18296],{"class":93},[57,19645,18230],{"class":93},[57,19647,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19649,19002],{"class":63},[57,19651,258],{"class":93},[57,19653,104],{"class":71},[57,19655,293],{"class":75},[57,19657,104],{"class":71},[57,19659,13781],{"class":93},[57,19661,13784],{"class":97},[57,19663,101],{"class":93},[57,19665,3224],{"class":1023},[57,19667,112],{"class":93},[57,19669,19670,19672,19674,19676],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19671,119],{"class":118},[57,19673,101],{"class":93},[57,19675,19002],{"class":97},[57,19677,112],{"class":93},[48,19679,19681],{"className":50,"code":19680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19682,19683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19684,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19686,119],{"class":118},[57,19688,101],{"class":93},[57,19690,1257],{"class":1256},[57,19692,101],{"class":93},[57,19694,9057],{"class":1256},[57,19696,94],{"class":93},[57,19698,17517],{"class":97},[57,19700,3221],{"class":93},[57,19702,3224],{"class":1023},[57,19704,107],{"class":93},[57,19706,1024],{"class":1023},[57,19708,107],{"class":93},[57,19710,2686],{"class":1023},[57,19712,18296],{"class":93},[57,19714,72],{"class":71},[57,19716,2708],{"class":75},[57,19718,104],{"class":71},[57,19720,2028],{"class":93},[43,19722,2075],{"id":2074},[572,19724,2099,19726,19728],{"id":19725},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19727,17452],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19730,19731],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[572,19733,19735],{"id":19734},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19737,19738,19739,94],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19740,4012],{},[572,19742,19744],{"id":19743},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19746,19747],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[572,19749,19751],{"id":19750},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19753,18386],{},[48,19755,19757],{"className":50,"code":19756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19758,19759,19791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19760,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19762,17476],{"class":63},[57,19764,68],{"class":67},[57,19766,1380],{"class":93},[57,19768,104],{"class":71},[57,19770,293],{"class":75},[57,19772,104],{"class":71},[57,19774,107],{"class":93},[57,19776,72],{"class":71},[57,19778,664],{"class":75},[57,19780,104],{"class":71},[57,19782,107],{"class":93},[57,19784,72],{"class":71},[57,19786,673],{"class":75},[57,19788,104],{"class":71},[57,19790,288],{"class":93},[57,19792,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19794,9401],{"class":63},[57,19796,68],{"class":67},[57,19798,10725],{"class":93},[57,19800,15073],{"class":63},[57,19802,1016],{"class":93},[57,19804,18438],{"class":93},[57,19806,4111],{"class":4110},[57,19808,18443],{"class":63},[57,19810,4117],{"class":4110},[57,19812,18448],{"class":63},[57,19814,9544],{"class":93},[43,19816,2132],{"id":2131},[30,19818,19819,19823,19827,19831,19837],{},[33,19820,19821],{},[293,19822,11474],{"href":13258},[33,19824,19825],{},[293,19826,9391],{"href":13255},[33,19828,19829],{},[293,19830,11483],{"href":18137},[33,19832,19833],{},[293,19834,10971,19835,742],{"href":14264},[15,19836,15186],{},[33,19838,19839],{},[293,19840,10971,19841,742],{"href":15231},[15,19842,13008],{},[20,19844,136,19845,19847],{},[15,19846,17457],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2161,19849,19850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":19852},[19853,19854,19856,19860,19861,19863,19868,19870,19877,19886,19887,19894],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":17557,"depth":82,"text":19855},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17601,"depth":82,"text":17602,"children":19857},[19858,19859],{"id":17628,"depth":115,"text":17629},{"id":17652,"depth":115,"text":17653},{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":17812,"depth":82,"text":19862},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18141,"depth":82,"text":18142,"children":19864},[19865,19866,19867],{"id":18171,"depth":115,"text":18172},{"id":18334,"depth":115,"text":18335},{"id":18382,"depth":115,"text":18383},{"id":18546,"depth":82,"text":19869},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18704,"depth":82,"text":19871,"children":19872},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19873,19875,19876],{"id":18715,"depth":115,"text":19874},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18780,"depth":115,"text":18781},{"id":18854,"depth":115,"text":18855},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":19878},[19879,19880,19882,19884],{"id":18958,"depth":115,"text":18959},{"id":19141,"depth":115,"text":19881},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19275,"depth":115,"text":19883},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19428,"depth":115,"text":19885},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19519,"depth":82,"text":19520},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":19888},[19889,19891,19892,19893],{"id":19725,"depth":115,"text":19890},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19734,"depth":115,"text":19735},{"id":19743,"depth":115,"text":19744},{"id":19750,"depth":115,"text":19751},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17444,"description":19895},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19902,"title":19903,"body":19904,"description":21734,"extension":2201,"meta":21735,"navigation":217,"path":21736,"seo":21737,"stem":21738,"__hash__":21739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19905,"toc":21701},[19906,19911,19917,19928,20058,20065,20070,20074,20090,20092,20190,20193,20210,20214,20216,20221,20259,20262,20280,20282,20400,20405,20409,20425,20428,20564,20567,20572,20578,20581,20618,20621,20625,20630,20706,20710,20715,20797,20799,20815,20820,20824,20830,20899,20902,20919,20922,21004,21010,21013,21033,21037,21042,21048,21054,21125,21128,21134,21137,21211,21218,21224,21232,21242,21244,21339,21345,21350,21437,21443,21445,21450,21472,21475,21570,21573,21604,21617,21619,21627,21633,21639,21642,21648,21653,21660,21665,21667,21698],[10,19907,11550,19909,18],{"id":19908},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19910,10974],{},[20,19912,19913,19914,19916],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19915,10974],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19918,19919,19920,754,19923,2631,19925,19927],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19921,19922],{},"KeyError",[15,19924,10974],{},[15,19926,4012],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[48,19929,19931],{"className":50,"code":19930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19932,19933,19969,19973,19999,20024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19934,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19936,13435],{"class":63},[57,19938,68],{"class":67},[57,19940,10725],{"class":93},[57,19942,104],{"class":71},[57,19944,1056],{"class":75},[57,19946,104],{"class":71},[57,19948,1016],{"class":93},[57,19950,72],{"class":71},[57,19952,13112],{"class":75},[57,19954,104],{"class":71},[57,19956,107],{"class":93},[57,19958,72],{"class":71},[57,19960,1065],{"class":75},[57,19962,104],{"class":71},[57,19964,1016],{"class":93},[57,19966,9541],{"class":1023},[57,19968,9544],{"class":93},[57,19970,19971],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,19972,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,19974,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,19976,119],{"class":118},[57,19978,101],{"class":93},[57,19980,17541],{"class":97},[57,19982,94],{"class":93},[57,19984,19985],{"class":97},"get",[57,19987,101],{"class":93},[57,19989,104],{"class":71},[57,19991,1056],{"class":75},[57,19993,104],{"class":71},[57,19995,5594],{"class":93},[57,19997,19998],{"class":132},"           # Ana\n",[57,20000,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20002,119],{"class":118},[57,20004,101],{"class":93},[57,20006,17541],{"class":97},[57,20008,94],{"class":93},[57,20010,19985],{"class":97},[57,20012,101],{"class":93},[57,20014,104],{"class":71},[57,20016,10644],{"class":75},[57,20018,104],{"class":71},[57,20020,5594],{"class":93},[57,20022,20023],{"class":132},"           # None\n",[57,20025,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20051,20053,20055],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,20027,119],{"class":118},[57,20029,101],{"class":93},[57,20031,17541],{"class":97},[57,20033,94],{"class":93},[57,20035,19985],{"class":97},[57,20037,101],{"class":93},[57,20039,104],{"class":71},[57,20041,10644],{"class":75},[57,20043,104],{"class":71},[57,20045,107],{"class":93},[57,20047,72],{"class":71},[57,20049,20050],{"class":75},"N\u002FA",[57,20052,104],{"class":71},[57,20054,5594],{"class":93},[57,20056,20057],{"class":132},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20059,136,20060,20062,20063,94],{},[15,20061,10974],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20064,19922],{},[43,20066,143,20068,146],{"id":20067},"what-get-does",[15,20069,10974],{},[20,20071,2218,20072,11644],{},[15,20073,10974],{},[30,20075,20076,20079,20084,20087],{},[33,20077,20078],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,20080,11655,20081,20083],{},[15,20082,4012],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,20085,20086],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,20088,20089],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20091,179],{},[48,20093,20095],{"className":50,"code":20094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20096,20097,20136,20140,20165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20098,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20118,20120,20122,20124,20127,20129,20131,20134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20100,13095],{"class":63},[57,20102,68],{"class":67},[57,20104,10725],{"class":93},[57,20106,104],{"class":71},[57,20108,1056],{"class":75},[57,20110,104],{"class":71},[57,20112,1016],{"class":93},[57,20114,72],{"class":71},[57,20116,20117],{"class":75},"Lina",[57,20119,104],{"class":71},[57,20121,107],{"class":93},[57,20123,72],{"class":71},[57,20125,20126],{"class":75},"grade",[57,20128,104],{"class":71},[57,20130,1016],{"class":93},[57,20132,20133],{"class":1023}," 90",[57,20135,9544],{"class":93},[57,20137,20138],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20139,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20141,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20143,119],{"class":118},[57,20145,101],{"class":93},[57,20147,13857],{"class":97},[57,20149,94],{"class":93},[57,20151,19985],{"class":97},[57,20153,101],{"class":93},[57,20155,104],{"class":71},[57,20157,1056],{"class":75},[57,20159,104],{"class":71},[57,20161,5594],{"class":93},[57,20163,20164],{"class":132},"     # Lina\n",[57,20166,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20168,119],{"class":118},[57,20170,101],{"class":93},[57,20172,13857],{"class":97},[57,20174,94],{"class":93},[57,20176,19985],{"class":97},[57,20178,101],{"class":93},[57,20180,104],{"class":71},[57,20182,15491],{"class":75},[57,20184,104],{"class":71},[57,20186,5594],{"class":93},[57,20188,20189],{"class":132},"    # None\n",[20,20191,20192],{},"In this example:",[30,20194,20195,20200],{},[33,20196,20197,20199],{},[15,20198,15472],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,20201,20202,20205,20206,2631,20208],{},[15,20203,20204],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20207,10974],{},[15,20209,4012],{},[20,20211,13252,20212,94],{},[293,20213,9391],{"href":9390},[43,20215,300],{"id":299},[20,20217,20218,20219,1016],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20220,10974],{},[48,20222,20224],{"className":50,"code":20223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20225,20226,20240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20227,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20229,15837],{"class":63},[57,20231,94],{"class":93},[57,20233,19985],{"class":97},[57,20235,101],{"class":93},[57,20237,15073],{"class":97},[57,20239,112],{"class":93},[57,20241,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20257],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20243,15837],{"class":63},[57,20245,94],{"class":93},[57,20247,19985],{"class":97},[57,20249,101],{"class":93},[57,20251,15073],{"class":97},[57,20253,107],{"class":93},[57,20255,20256],{"class":97}," default_value",[57,20258,112],{"class":93},[20,20260,20261],{},"What each part means:",[30,20263,20264,20269,20275],{},[33,20265,20266,20268],{},[15,20267,15073],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,20270,20271,20274],{},[15,20272,20273],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,20276,20277,20278],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20279,4012],{},[20,20281,179],{},[48,20283,20285],{"className":50,"code":20284,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20286,20287,20311,20315,20340,20366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20288,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20290,14057],{"class":63},[57,20292,68],{"class":67},[57,20294,10725],{"class":93},[57,20296,104],{"class":71},[57,20298,12726],{"class":75},[57,20300,104],{"class":71},[57,20302,1016],{"class":93},[57,20304,72],{"class":71},[57,20306,12735],{"class":75},[57,20308,104],{"class":71},[57,20310,9544],{"class":93},[57,20312,20313],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20314,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20316,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20318,119],{"class":118},[57,20320,101],{"class":93},[57,20322,14116],{"class":97},[57,20324,94],{"class":93},[57,20326,19985],{"class":97},[57,20328,101],{"class":93},[57,20330,104],{"class":71},[57,20332,12726],{"class":75},[57,20334,104],{"class":71},[57,20336,5594],{"class":93},[57,20338,20339],{"class":132},"            # dark\n",[57,20341,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20359,20361,20363],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20343,119],{"class":118},[57,20345,101],{"class":93},[57,20347,14116],{"class":97},[57,20349,94],{"class":93},[57,20351,19985],{"class":97},[57,20353,101],{"class":93},[57,20355,104],{"class":71},[57,20357,20358],{"class":75},"language",[57,20360,104],{"class":71},[57,20362,5594],{"class":93},[57,20364,20365],{"class":132},"         # None\n",[57,20367,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20393,20395,20397],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,20369,119],{"class":118},[57,20371,101],{"class":93},[57,20373,14116],{"class":97},[57,20375,94],{"class":93},[57,20377,19985],{"class":97},[57,20379,101],{"class":93},[57,20381,104],{"class":71},[57,20383,20358],{"class":75},[57,20385,104],{"class":71},[57,20387,107],{"class":93},[57,20389,72],{"class":71},[57,20391,20392],{"class":75},"en",[57,20394,104],{"class":71},[57,20396,5594],{"class":93},[57,20398,20399],{"class":132},"   # en\n",[43,20401,1637,20403],{"id":20402},"when-to-use-get",[15,20404,10974],{},[20,20406,136,20407,10835],{},[15,20408,10974],{},[30,20410,20411,20414,20419,20422],{},[33,20412,20413],{},"A key might not exist",[33,20415,20416,20417],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20418,19922],{},[33,20420,20421],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,20423,20424],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20426,20427],{},"Example with optional user data:",[48,20429,20431],{"className":50,"code":20430,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20432,20433,20475,20479,20504,20530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20434,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20471,20473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20436,11720],{"class":63},[57,20438,68],{"class":67},[57,20440,10725],{"class":93},[57,20442,104],{"class":71},[57,20444,8220],{"class":75},[57,20446,104],{"class":71},[57,20448,1016],{"class":93},[57,20450,72],{"class":71},[57,20452,20453],{"class":75},"sam",[57,20455,104],{"class":71},[57,20457,107],{"class":93},[57,20459,72],{"class":71},[57,20461,15491],{"class":75},[57,20463,104],{"class":71},[57,20465,1016],{"class":93},[57,20467,72],{"class":71},[57,20469,20470],{"class":75},"sam@example.com",[57,20472,104],{"class":71},[57,20474,9544],{"class":93},[57,20476,20477],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20478,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20480,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20482,119],{"class":118},[57,20484,101],{"class":93},[57,20486,11814],{"class":97},[57,20488,94],{"class":93},[57,20490,19985],{"class":97},[57,20492,101],{"class":93},[57,20494,104],{"class":71},[57,20496,8220],{"class":75},[57,20498,104],{"class":71},[57,20500,5594],{"class":93},[57,20502,20503],{"class":132},"              # sam\n",[57,20505,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20523,20525,20527],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20507,119],{"class":118},[57,20509,101],{"class":93},[57,20511,11814],{"class":97},[57,20513,94],{"class":93},[57,20515,19985],{"class":97},[57,20517,101],{"class":93},[57,20519,104],{"class":71},[57,20521,20522],{"class":75},"phone",[57,20524,104],{"class":71},[57,20526,5594],{"class":93},[57,20528,20529],{"class":132},"                 # None\n",[57,20531,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20557,20559,20561],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,20533,119],{"class":118},[57,20535,101],{"class":93},[57,20537,11814],{"class":97},[57,20539,94],{"class":93},[57,20541,19985],{"class":97},[57,20543,101],{"class":93},[57,20545,104],{"class":71},[57,20547,20522],{"class":75},[57,20549,104],{"class":71},[57,20551,107],{"class":93},[57,20553,72],{"class":71},[57,20555,20556],{"class":75},"Not provided",[57,20558,104],{"class":71},[57,20560,5594],{"class":93},[57,20562,20563],{"class":132}," # Not provided\n",[20,20565,20566],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20568,20569,20570,94],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[293,20571,16831],{"href":16830},[43,20573,20575,20577],{"id":20574},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20576,10974],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20579,20580],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[48,20582,20584],{"className":50,"code":20583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20585,20586,20600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20587,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20589,9440],{"class":63},[57,20591,258],{"class":93},[57,20593,104],{"class":71},[57,20595,15073],{"class":75},[57,20597,104],{"class":71},[57,20599,288],{"class":93},[57,20601,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20603,9440],{"class":63},[57,20605,94],{"class":93},[57,20607,19985],{"class":97},[57,20609,101],{"class":93},[57,20611,104],{"class":71},[57,20613,15073],{"class":75},[57,20615,104],{"class":71},[57,20617,112],{"class":93},[20,20619,20620],{},"The difference is important.",[572,20622,20624],{"id":20623},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20626,20627,20628,94],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20629,19922],{},[48,20631,20633],{"className":50,"code":20632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20634,20635,20659,20663,20685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20636,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20638,9401],{"class":63},[57,20640,68],{"class":67},[57,20642,10725],{"class":93},[57,20644,104],{"class":71},[57,20646,1056],{"class":75},[57,20648,104],{"class":71},[57,20650,1016],{"class":93},[57,20652,72],{"class":71},[57,20654,13112],{"class":75},[57,20656,104],{"class":71},[57,20658,9544],{"class":93},[57,20660,20661],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20662,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20664,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20682],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20666,119],{"class":118},[57,20668,101],{"class":93},[57,20670,9440],{"class":97},[57,20672,258],{"class":93},[57,20674,104],{"class":71},[57,20676,1056],{"class":75},[57,20678,104],{"class":71},[57,20680,20681],{"class":93},"])",[57,20683,20684],{"class":132},"   # Ana\n",[57,20686,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20688,119],{"class":118},[57,20690,101],{"class":93},[57,20692,9440],{"class":97},[57,20694,258],{"class":93},[57,20696,104],{"class":71},[57,20698,10644],{"class":75},[57,20700,104],{"class":71},[57,20702,20681],{"class":93},[57,20704,20705],{"class":132},"   # KeyError\n",[572,20707,20708],{"id":19985},[15,20709,10974],{},[20,20711,20712,20714],{},[15,20713,10974],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[48,20716,20718],{"className":50,"code":20717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20719,20720,20744,20748,20772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20721,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20723,9401],{"class":63},[57,20725,68],{"class":67},[57,20727,10725],{"class":93},[57,20729,104],{"class":71},[57,20731,1056],{"class":75},[57,20733,104],{"class":71},[57,20735,1016],{"class":93},[57,20737,72],{"class":71},[57,20739,13112],{"class":75},[57,20741,104],{"class":71},[57,20743,9544],{"class":93},[57,20745,20746],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20747,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20749,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20751,119],{"class":118},[57,20753,101],{"class":93},[57,20755,9440],{"class":97},[57,20757,94],{"class":93},[57,20759,19985],{"class":97},[57,20761,101],{"class":93},[57,20763,104],{"class":71},[57,20765,1056],{"class":75},[57,20767,104],{"class":71},[57,20769,5594],{"class":93},[57,20771,20684],{"class":132},[57,20773,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20775,119],{"class":118},[57,20777,101],{"class":93},[57,20779,9440],{"class":97},[57,20781,94],{"class":93},[57,20783,19985],{"class":97},[57,20785,101],{"class":93},[57,20787,104],{"class":71},[57,20789,10644],{"class":75},[57,20791,104],{"class":71},[57,20793,5594],{"class":93},[57,20795,20796],{"class":132},"   # None\n",[20,20798,18929],{},[30,20800,20801,20807],{},[33,20802,20803,20804],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[153,20805,20806],{},"must exist",[33,20808,20809,20811,20812],{},[15,20810,10974],{}," when the key is ",[153,20813,20814],{},"optional",[20,20816,20817,20818,94],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[293,20819,11494],{"href":11307},[43,20821,20823],{"id":20822},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20825,20826,20827,20829],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20828,10974],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[48,20831,20833],{"className":50,"code":20832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20834,20835,20860,20864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20836,20837,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20838,20839],{"class":63},"profile ",[57,20841,68],{"class":67},[57,20843,10725],{"class":93},[57,20845,104],{"class":71},[57,20847,1056],{"class":75},[57,20849,104],{"class":71},[57,20851,1016],{"class":93},[57,20853,72],{"class":71},[57,20855,8156],{"class":75},[57,20857,104],{"class":71},[57,20859,9544],{"class":93},[57,20861,20862],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20863,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20865,20866,20868,20870,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20892,20894,20896],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20867,119],{"class":118},[57,20869,101],{"class":93},[57,20871,20872],{"class":97},"profile",[57,20874,94],{"class":93},[57,20876,19985],{"class":97},[57,20878,101],{"class":93},[57,20880,104],{"class":71},[57,20882,15494],{"class":75},[57,20884,104],{"class":71},[57,20886,107],{"class":93},[57,20888,72],{"class":71},[57,20890,20891],{"class":75},"Unknown",[57,20893,104],{"class":71},[57,20895,5594],{"class":93},[57,20897,20898],{"class":132},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20900,20901],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20903,20904,20909,20914],{},[33,20905,20906],{},[15,20907,20908],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20910,20911],{},[15,20912,20913],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20915,20916],{},[15,20917,20918],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20920,20921],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[48,20923,20925],{"className":50,"code":20924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20926,20927,20959,20963,20990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20928,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20930,5296],{"class":63},[57,20932,68],{"class":67},[57,20934,10725],{"class":93},[57,20936,104],{"class":71},[57,20938,18651],{"class":75},[57,20940,104],{"class":71},[57,20942,1016],{"class":93},[57,20944,6238],{"class":1023},[57,20946,107],{"class":93},[57,20948,72],{"class":71},[57,20950,18660],{"class":75},[57,20952,104],{"class":71},[57,20954,1016],{"class":93},[57,20956,6594],{"class":1023},[57,20958,9544],{"class":93},[57,20960,20961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,20962,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,20964,20965,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,20966,20967],{"class":63},"total_history ",[57,20969,68],{"class":67},[57,20971,5343],{"class":63},[57,20973,94],{"class":93},[57,20975,19985],{"class":97},[57,20977,101],{"class":93},[57,20979,104],{"class":71},[57,20981,18669],{"class":75},[57,20983,104],{"class":71},[57,20985,107],{"class":93},[57,20987,4068],{"class":1023},[57,20989,112],{"class":93},[57,20991,20992,20994,20996,20999,21001],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,20993,119],{"class":118},[57,20995,101],{"class":93},[57,20997,20998],{"class":97},"total_history",[57,21000,3896],{"class":93},[57,21002,21003],{"class":132},"   # 0\n",[20,21005,21006,21007,21009],{},"Here, ",[15,21008,1277],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21011,21012],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,21014,21015,21018,21023,21028],{},[33,21016,21017],{},"Use a string for text",[33,21019,136,21020,21022],{},[15,21021,1277],{}," for numbers",[33,21024,136,21025,21027],{},[15,21026,4021],{}," for lists if needed",[33,21029,136,21030,21032],{},[15,21031,4026],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[43,21034,21036],{"id":21035},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21038,21039,21040,94],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21041,10974],{},[572,21043,21045,21047],{"id":21044},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21046,10974],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21049,21050,21051,21053],{},"This code does ",[153,21052,175],{}," create a new key:",[48,21055,21057],{"className":50,"code":21056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21058,21059,21083,21087,21112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21060,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21062,13435],{"class":63},[57,21064,68],{"class":67},[57,21066,10725],{"class":93},[57,21068,104],{"class":71},[57,21070,1056],{"class":75},[57,21072,104],{"class":71},[57,21074,1016],{"class":93},[57,21076,72],{"class":71},[57,21078,13112],{"class":75},[57,21080,104],{"class":71},[57,21082,9544],{"class":93},[57,21084,21085],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21086,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21088,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21090,119],{"class":118},[57,21092,101],{"class":93},[57,21094,17541],{"class":97},[57,21096,94],{"class":93},[57,21098,19985],{"class":97},[57,21100,101],{"class":93},[57,21102,104],{"class":71},[57,21104,10644],{"class":75},[57,21106,104],{"class":71},[57,21108,5594],{"class":93},[57,21110,21111],{"class":132},"  # None\n",[57,21113,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21115,119],{"class":118},[57,21117,101],{"class":93},[57,21119,17541],{"class":97},[57,21121,3896],{"class":93},[57,21123,21124],{"class":132},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21126,21127],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[572,21129,21131,21133],{"id":21130},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21132,10974],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21135,21136],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[48,21138,21140],{"className":50,"code":21139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21141,21142,21168,21172,21198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21143,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21155,21157,21159,21161,21164,21166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21145,14057],{"class":63},[57,21147,68],{"class":67},[57,21149,10725],{"class":93},[57,21151,104],{"class":71},[57,21153,21154],{"class":75},"mode",[57,21156,104],{"class":71},[57,21158,1016],{"class":93},[57,21160,72],{"class":71},[57,21162,21163],{"class":75},"light",[57,21165,104],{"class":71},[57,21167,9544],{"class":93},[57,21169,21170],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21171,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21173,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21175,14116],{"class":63},[57,21177,94],{"class":93},[57,21179,19985],{"class":97},[57,21181,101],{"class":93},[57,21183,104],{"class":71},[57,21185,12726],{"class":75},[57,21187,104],{"class":71},[57,21189,107],{"class":93},[57,21191,72],{"class":71},[57,21193,12735],{"class":75},[57,21195,104],{"class":71},[57,21197,112],{"class":93},[57,21199,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21201,119],{"class":118},[57,21203,101],{"class":93},[57,21205,14116],{"class":97},[57,21207,3896],{"class":93},[57,21209,21210],{"class":132},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21212,21213,21214,21217],{},"Even though ",[15,21215,21216],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[572,21219,21221,21222],{"id":21220},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21223,4012],{},[20,21225,21226,21227,2631,21229,21231],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21228,10974],{},[15,21230,4012],{}," because:",[30,21233,21234,21237],{},[33,21235,21236],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,21238,21239,21240],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21241,4012],{},[20,21243,179],{},[48,21245,21247],{"className":50,"code":21246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21248,21249,21286,21290,21314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21250,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21278,21280,21282,21284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21252,9401],{"class":63},[57,21254,68],{"class":67},[57,21256,10725],{"class":93},[57,21258,104],{"class":71},[57,21260,1056],{"class":75},[57,21262,104],{"class":71},[57,21264,1016],{"class":93},[57,21266,72],{"class":71},[57,21268,13112],{"class":75},[57,21270,104],{"class":71},[57,21272,107],{"class":93},[57,21274,72],{"class":71},[57,21276,21277],{"class":75},"nickname",[57,21279,104],{"class":71},[57,21281,1016],{"class":93},[57,21283,4086],{"class":4085},[57,21285,9544],{"class":93},[57,21287,21288],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21289,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21291,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21293,119],{"class":118},[57,21295,101],{"class":93},[57,21297,9440],{"class":97},[57,21299,94],{"class":93},[57,21301,19985],{"class":97},[57,21303,101],{"class":93},[57,21305,104],{"class":71},[57,21307,21277],{"class":75},[57,21309,104],{"class":71},[57,21311,5594],{"class":93},[57,21313,21111],{"class":132},[57,21315,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21317,119],{"class":118},[57,21319,101],{"class":93},[57,21321,9440],{"class":97},[57,21323,94],{"class":93},[57,21325,19985],{"class":97},[57,21327,101],{"class":93},[57,21329,104],{"class":71},[57,21331,10644],{"class":75},[57,21333,104],{"class":71},[57,21335,5594],{"class":93},[57,21337,21338],{"class":132},"      # None\n",[20,21340,21341,21342,21344],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21343,4012],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21346,21347,21348,1016],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21349,4117],{},[48,21351,21353],{"className":50,"code":21352,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21354,21355,21391,21395,21416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21356,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21358,9401],{"class":63},[57,21360,68],{"class":67},[57,21362,10725],{"class":93},[57,21364,104],{"class":71},[57,21366,1056],{"class":75},[57,21368,104],{"class":71},[57,21370,1016],{"class":93},[57,21372,72],{"class":71},[57,21374,13112],{"class":75},[57,21376,104],{"class":71},[57,21378,107],{"class":93},[57,21380,72],{"class":71},[57,21382,21277],{"class":75},[57,21384,104],{"class":71},[57,21386,1016],{"class":93},[57,21388,4086],{"class":4085},[57,21390,9544],{"class":93},[57,21392,21393],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21394,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21396,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21410,21412,21414],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21398,119],{"class":118},[57,21400,101],{"class":93},[57,21402,104],{"class":71},[57,21404,21277],{"class":75},[57,21406,104],{"class":71},[57,21408,21409],{"class":4110}," in",[57,21411,14798],{"class":97},[57,21413,3896],{"class":93},[57,21415,3899],{"class":132},[57,21417,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21419,119],{"class":118},[57,21421,101],{"class":93},[57,21423,104],{"class":71},[57,21425,10644],{"class":75},[57,21427,104],{"class":71},[57,21429,21409],{"class":4110},[57,21431,14798],{"class":97},[57,21433,3896],{"class":93},[57,21435,21436],{"class":132},"      # False\n",[20,21438,21439,21440,94],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[293,21441,21442],{"href":17387},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[43,21444,1673],{"id":1672},[20,21446,21447,21448,1016],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21449,10974],{},[30,21451,21452,21457,21464,21469],{},[33,21453,21454,21455],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21456,19922],{},[33,21458,4937,21459,2631,21461,21463],{},[15,21460,10974],{},[15,21462,4012],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21465,4812,21466,21468],{},[15,21467,10974],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21470,21471],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21473,21474],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[48,21476,21478],{"className":50,"code":21477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21479,21480,21490,21504,21522,21544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21481,21482,21484,21486,21488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21483,119],{"class":118},[57,21485,101],{"class":93},[57,21487,11681],{"class":97},[57,21489,112],{"class":93},[57,21491,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21493,119],{"class":118},[57,21495,101],{"class":93},[57,21497,11681],{"class":97},[57,21499,94],{"class":93},[57,21501,17157],{"class":97},[57,21503,383],{"class":93},[57,21505,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21507,119],{"class":118},[57,21509,101],{"class":93},[57,21511,261],{"class":71},[57,21513,1056],{"class":75},[57,21515,261],{"class":71},[57,21517,21409],{"class":4110},[57,21519,11998],{"class":97},[57,21521,112],{"class":93},[57,21523,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21525,119],{"class":118},[57,21527,101],{"class":93},[57,21529,11681],{"class":97},[57,21531,94],{"class":93},[57,21533,19985],{"class":97},[57,21535,101],{"class":93},[57,21537,261],{"class":71},[57,21539,1056],{"class":75},[57,21541,261],{"class":71},[57,21543,640],{"class":93},[57,21545,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,21547,119],{"class":118},[57,21549,101],{"class":93},[57,21551,1257],{"class":1256},[57,21553,101],{"class":93},[57,21555,11681],{"class":97},[57,21557,94],{"class":93},[57,21559,19985],{"class":97},[57,21561,101],{"class":93},[57,21563,261],{"class":71},[57,21565,1056],{"class":75},[57,21567,261],{"class":71},[57,21569,2028],{"class":93},[20,21571,21572],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21574,21575,21580,21586,21592,21598],{},[33,21576,21577,21579],{},[15,21578,12911],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21581,21582,21585],{},[15,21583,21584],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21587,21588,21591],{},[15,21589,21590],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21593,21594,21597],{},[15,21595,21596],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21599,21600,21603],{},[15,21601,21602],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21605,21606,21607,2082,21612,21616],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[293,21608,21609,21610,742],{"href":17296},"the dictionary ",[15,21611,17299],{},[293,21613,21609,21614,742],{"href":17309},[15,21615,17312],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[43,21618,2075],{"id":2074},[572,21620,2099,21622,21624,21625,2085],{"id":21621},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21623,10974],{}," raise ",[15,21626,19922],{},[20,21628,21629,21630,21632],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21631,4012],{}," or the default value you provide.",[572,21634,2099,21636,21638],{"id":21635},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21637,10974],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21640,21641],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[572,21643,21645,21646,2085],{"id":21644},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21647,10974],{},[20,21649,21650,21652],{},[15,21651,4012],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[572,21654,21656,21657,21659],{"id":21655},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21658,10974],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21661,136,21662,21664],{},[15,21663,10974],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[43,21666,2132],{"id":2131},[30,21668,21669,21673,21679,21685,21689,21694],{},[33,21670,21671],{},[293,21672,9391],{"href":9390},[33,21674,21675],{},[293,21676,10971,21677,742],{"href":17296},[15,21678,17299],{},[33,21680,21681],{},[293,21682,10971,21683,742],{"href":17309},[15,21684,17312],{},[33,21686,21687],{},[293,21688,17388],{"href":17387},[33,21690,21691],{},[293,21692,21693],{"href":16830},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21695,21696],{},[293,21697,11494],{"href":11307},[2161,21699,21700],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":21702},[21703,21705,21706,21708,21713,21714,21722,21723,21733],{"id":20067,"depth":82,"text":21704},"What get() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":20402,"depth":82,"text":21707},"When to use get()",{"id":20574,"depth":82,"text":21709,"children":21710},"get() vs square brackets",[21711,21712],{"id":20623,"depth":115,"text":20624},{"id":19985,"depth":115,"text":10974},{"id":20822,"depth":82,"text":20823},{"id":21035,"depth":82,"text":21036,"children":21715},[21716,21718,21720],{"id":21044,"depth":115,"text":21717},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21130,"depth":115,"text":21719},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21220,"depth":115,"text":21721},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":21724},[21725,21727,21729,21731],{"id":21621,"depth":115,"text":21726},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21635,"depth":115,"text":21728},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21644,"depth":115,"text":21730},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21655,"depth":115,"text":21732},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19903,"description":21734},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21741,"title":21742,"body":21743,"description":24300,"extension":2201,"meta":24301,"navigation":217,"path":24302,"seo":24303,"stem":24304,"__hash__":24305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21744,"toc":24266},[21745,21750,21756,21762,21764,21846,21850,21867,21872,21877,21882,21884,21898,21900,21963,21967,22007,22015,22017,22019,22034,22037,22050,22052,22131,22135,22201,22203,22207,22215,22217,22228,22230,22340,22344,22423,22429,22435,22440,22553,22557,22589,22592,22699,22705,22712,22716,22719,22822,22826,22887,22890,22893,22904,22913,22916,22933,22935,23034,23038,23113,23116,23139,23144,23149,23166,23168,23289,23293,23327,23329,23334,23341,23351,23353,23431,23434,23505,23515,23518,23550,23553,23592,23598,23605,23608,23699,23703,23784,23790,23793,23796,23901,23904,23907,24029,24033,24036,24103,24107,24144,24150,24152,24158,24163,24169,24176,24182,24185,24224,24230,24233,24235,24263],[10,21746,11550,21748,18],{"id":21747},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21749,17312],{},[20,21751,2218,21752,21755],{},[15,21753,21754],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21757,21758,21759,21761],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21760,17312],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[43,21763,46],{"id":45},[48,21765,21767],{"className":50,"code":21766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21768,21769,21805,21809,21832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21770,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21772,13435],{"class":63},[57,21774,68],{"class":67},[57,21776,10725],{"class":93},[57,21778,104],{"class":71},[57,21780,1056],{"class":75},[57,21782,104],{"class":71},[57,21784,1016],{"class":93},[57,21786,72],{"class":71},[57,21788,13112],{"class":75},[57,21790,104],{"class":71},[57,21792,107],{"class":93},[57,21794,72],{"class":71},[57,21796,1065],{"class":75},[57,21798,104],{"class":71},[57,21800,1016],{"class":93},[57,21802,9541],{"class":1023},[57,21804,9544],{"class":93},[57,21806,21807],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21808,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21810,21811,21813,21816,21818,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21812,6191],{"class":4110},[57,21814,21815],{"class":63}," key",[57,21817,107],{"class":93},[57,21819,21820],{"class":63}," value ",[57,21822,4117],{"class":4110},[57,21824,13478],{"class":63},[57,21826,94],{"class":93},[57,21828,8045],{"class":97},[57,21830,21831],{"class":93},"():\n",[57,21833,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,21835,8304],{"class":118},[57,21837,101],{"class":93},[57,21839,15073],{"class":97},[57,21841,107],{"class":93},[57,21843,8668],{"class":97},[57,21845,112],{"class":93},[20,21847,21848],{},[153,21849,243],{},[48,21851,21853],{"className":50,"code":21852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21854,21855,21860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21856,21857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21858,21859],{"class":63},"name Ana\n",[57,21861,21862,21865],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21863,21864],{"class":63},"age ",[57,21866,2945],{"class":1023},[20,21868,136,21869,21871],{},[15,21870,17312],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[43,21873,143,21875,146],{"id":21874},"what-items-does",[15,21876,17312],{},[20,21878,21879,21881],{},[15,21880,17312],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21883,11690],{},[30,21885,21886,21892,21895],{},[33,21887,21888,21889],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21890,21891],{},"(key, value)",[33,21893,21894],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21896,21897],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21899,179],{},[48,21901,21903],{"className":50,"code":21902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21904,21905,21941,21945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21906,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21908,13435],{"class":63},[57,21910,68],{"class":67},[57,21912,10725],{"class":93},[57,21914,104],{"class":71},[57,21916,1056],{"class":75},[57,21918,104],{"class":71},[57,21920,1016],{"class":93},[57,21922,72],{"class":71},[57,21924,13112],{"class":75},[57,21926,104],{"class":71},[57,21928,107],{"class":93},[57,21930,72],{"class":71},[57,21932,1065],{"class":75},[57,21934,104],{"class":71},[57,21936,1016],{"class":93},[57,21938,9541],{"class":1023},[57,21940,9544],{"class":93},[57,21942,21943],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,21944,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,21946,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,21948,119],{"class":118},[57,21950,101],{"class":93},[57,21952,1188],{"class":1256},[57,21954,101],{"class":93},[57,21956,17541],{"class":97},[57,21958,94],{"class":93},[57,21960,8045],{"class":97},[57,21962,6524],{"class":93},[20,21964,21965],{},[153,21966,243],{},[48,21968,21970],{"className":50,"code":21969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21971,21972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21973,21974,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21975,21976],{"class":93},"[(",[57,21978,261],{"class":71},[57,21980,1056],{"class":75},[57,21982,261],{"class":71},[57,21984,107],{"class":93},[57,21986,271],{"class":71},[57,21988,13112],{"class":75},[57,21990,261],{"class":71},[57,21992,9469],{"class":93},[57,21994,9472],{"class":93},[57,21996,261],{"class":71},[57,21998,1065],{"class":75},[57,22000,261],{"class":71},[57,22002,107],{"class":93},[57,22004,9541],{"class":1023},[57,22006,9485],{"class":93},[20,22008,22009,22010,3114,22012,94],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[293,22011,9391],{"href":13255},[293,22013,15257],{"href":22014},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[43,22016,300],{"id":299},[20,22018,5667],{},[48,22020,22022],{"className":50,"code":22021,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22023,22024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22025,22026,22028,22030,22032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22027,11681],{"class":63},[57,22029,94],{"class":93},[57,22031,8045],{"class":97},[57,22033,212],{"class":93},[20,22035,22036],{},"Things to remember:",[30,22038,22039,22044,22047],{},[33,22040,22041,22043],{},[15,22042,17312],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,22045,22046],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,22048,22049],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22051,179],{},[48,22053,22055],{"className":50,"code":22054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22056,22057,22089,22093,22107,22111,22121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22058,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22060,5296],{"class":63},[57,22062,68],{"class":67},[57,22064,10725],{"class":93},[57,22066,104],{"class":71},[57,22068,5236],{"class":75},[57,22070,104],{"class":71},[57,22072,1016],{"class":93},[57,22074,20133],{"class":1023},[57,22076,107],{"class":93},[57,22078,72],{"class":71},[57,22080,5245],{"class":75},[57,22082,104],{"class":71},[57,22084,1016],{"class":93},[57,22086,13738],{"class":1023},[57,22088,9544],{"class":93},[57,22090,22091],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22092,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22094,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22096,2463],{"class":63},[57,22098,68],{"class":67},[57,22100,5343],{"class":63},[57,22102,94],{"class":93},[57,22104,8045],{"class":97},[57,22106,212],{"class":93},[57,22108,22109],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,22110,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22112,22113,22115,22117,22119],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,22114,119],{"class":118},[57,22116,101],{"class":93},[57,22118,2498],{"class":97},[57,22120,112],{"class":93},[57,22122,22123,22125,22127,22129],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,22124,119],{"class":118},[57,22126,101],{"class":93},[57,22128,16622],{"class":97},[57,22130,112],{"class":93},[20,22132,22133],{},[153,22134,243],{},[48,22136,22138],{"className":50,"code":22137,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22139,22140,22173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22141,22142,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22143,22144],{"class":97},"dict_items",[57,22146,9893],{"class":93},[57,22148,261],{"class":71},[57,22150,5236],{"class":75},[57,22152,261],{"class":71},[57,22154,107],{"class":93},[57,22156,20133],{"class":1023},[57,22158,9469],{"class":93},[57,22160,9472],{"class":93},[57,22162,261],{"class":71},[57,22164,5245],{"class":75},[57,22166,261],{"class":71},[57,22168,107],{"class":93},[57,22170,13738],{"class":1023},[57,22172,10913],{"class":93},[57,22174,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22176,9514],{"class":93},[57,22178,261],{"class":71},[57,22180,5236],{"class":75},[57,22182,261],{"class":71},[57,22184,1016],{"class":93},[57,22186,20133],{"class":1023},[57,22188,107],{"class":93},[57,22190,271],{"class":71},[57,22192,5245],{"class":75},[57,22194,261],{"class":71},[57,22196,1016],{"class":93},[57,22198,13738],{"class":1023},[57,22200,9544],{"class":93},[20,22202,21127],{},[43,22204,22206],{"id":22205},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22208,22209,22211,22212,22214],{},[15,22210,17312],{}," returns a ",[15,22213,22144],{}," view object.",[20,22216,2343],{},[30,22218,22219,22222,22225],{},[33,22220,22221],{},"You can loop over it",[33,22223,22224],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,22226,22227],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22229,179],{},[48,22231,22233],{"className":50,"code":22232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22234,22235,22267,22281,22285,22299,22303,22322,22326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22236,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22238,9401],{"class":63},[57,22240,68],{"class":67},[57,22242,10725],{"class":93},[57,22244,104],{"class":71},[57,22246,2409],{"class":75},[57,22248,104],{"class":71},[57,22250,1016],{"class":93},[57,22252,1143],{"class":1023},[57,22254,107],{"class":93},[57,22256,72],{"class":71},[57,22258,11977],{"class":75},[57,22260,104],{"class":71},[57,22262,1016],{"class":93},[57,22264,1024],{"class":1023},[57,22266,9544],{"class":93},[57,22268,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22270,9451],{"class":63},[57,22272,68],{"class":67},[57,22274,14798],{"class":63},[57,22276,94],{"class":93},[57,22278,8045],{"class":97},[57,22280,212],{"class":93},[57,22282,22283],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22284,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22286,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,22288,119],{"class":118},[57,22290,101],{"class":93},[57,22292,1188],{"class":1256},[57,22294,101],{"class":93},[57,22296,9498],{"class":97},[57,22298,640],{"class":93},[57,22300,22301],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,22302,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22304,22305,22307,22309,22311,22314,22316,22318,22320],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,22306,9440],{"class":63},[57,22308,258],{"class":93},[57,22310,104],{"class":71},[57,22312,22313],{"class":75},"z",[57,22315,104],{"class":71},[57,22317,13504],{"class":93},[57,22319,13507],{"class":67},[57,22321,2813],{"class":1023},[57,22323,22324],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,22325,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22327,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,22329,119],{"class":118},[57,22331,101],{"class":93},[57,22333,1188],{"class":1256},[57,22335,101],{"class":93},[57,22337,9498],{"class":97},[57,22339,640],{"class":93},[20,22341,22342],{},[153,22343,243],{},[48,22345,22347],{"className":50,"code":22346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22348,22349,22379],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22350,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22352,21976],{"class":93},[57,22354,261],{"class":71},[57,22356,2409],{"class":75},[57,22358,261],{"class":71},[57,22360,107],{"class":93},[57,22362,1143],{"class":1023},[57,22364,9469],{"class":93},[57,22366,9472],{"class":93},[57,22368,261],{"class":71},[57,22370,11977],{"class":75},[57,22372,261],{"class":71},[57,22374,107],{"class":93},[57,22376,1024],{"class":1023},[57,22378,9485],{"class":93},[57,22380,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22382,21976],{"class":93},[57,22384,261],{"class":71},[57,22386,2409],{"class":75},[57,22388,261],{"class":71},[57,22390,107],{"class":93},[57,22392,1143],{"class":1023},[57,22394,9469],{"class":93},[57,22396,9472],{"class":93},[57,22398,261],{"class":71},[57,22400,11977],{"class":75},[57,22402,261],{"class":71},[57,22404,107],{"class":93},[57,22406,1024],{"class":1023},[57,22408,9469],{"class":93},[57,22410,9472],{"class":93},[57,22412,261],{"class":71},[57,22414,22313],{"class":75},[57,22416,261],{"class":71},[57,22418,107],{"class":93},[57,22420,2686],{"class":1023},[57,22422,9485],{"class":93},[20,22424,22425,22426,22428],{},"This happens because ",[15,22427,9498],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[43,22430,22432,22433],{"id":22431},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22434,17312],{},[20,22436,22437,22438,1016],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22439,17312],{},[48,22441,22443],{"className":50,"code":22442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22444,22445,22498,22502,22522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22446,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22448,13095],{"class":63},[57,22450,68],{"class":67},[57,22452,10725],{"class":93},[57,22454,104],{"class":71},[57,22456,1056],{"class":75},[57,22458,104],{"class":71},[57,22460,1016],{"class":93},[57,22462,72],{"class":71},[57,22464,8156],{"class":75},[57,22466,104],{"class":71},[57,22468,107],{"class":93},[57,22470,72],{"class":71},[57,22472,20126],{"class":75},[57,22474,104],{"class":71},[57,22476,1016],{"class":93},[57,22478,72],{"class":71},[57,22480,22481],{"class":75},"A",[57,22483,104],{"class":71},[57,22485,107],{"class":93},[57,22487,72],{"class":71},[57,22489,1065],{"class":75},[57,22491,104],{"class":71},[57,22493,1016],{"class":93},[57,22495,14089],{"class":1023},[57,22497,9544],{"class":93},[57,22499,22500],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22501,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22503,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22505,6191],{"class":4110},[57,22507,21815],{"class":63},[57,22509,107],{"class":93},[57,22511,21820],{"class":63},[57,22513,4117],{"class":4110},[57,22515,13138],{"class":63},[57,22517,94],{"class":93},[57,22519,8045],{"class":97},[57,22521,21831],{"class":93},[57,22523,22524,22526,22528,22531,22533,22535,22537,22540,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,22525,8304],{"class":118},[57,22527,101],{"class":93},[57,22529,22530],{"class":1326},"f",[57,22532,104],{"class":75},[57,22534,9514],{"class":1023},[57,22536,15073],{"class":97},[57,22538,22539],{"class":1023},"}",[57,22541,22542],{"class":75},": ",[57,22544,9514],{"class":1023},[57,22546,2708],{"class":97},[57,22548,22539],{"class":1023},[57,22550,104],{"class":75},[57,22552,112],{"class":93},[20,22554,22555],{},[153,22556,243],{},[48,22558,22560],{"className":50,"code":22559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22561,22562,22571,22580],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22563,22564,22566,22568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22565,1056],{"class":63},[57,22567,1016],{"class":93},[57,22569,22570],{"class":63}," Mia\n",[57,22572,22573,22575,22577],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22574,20126],{"class":63},[57,22576,1016],{"class":93},[57,22578,22579],{"class":63}," A\n",[57,22581,22582,22584,22586],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22583,1065],{"class":63},[57,22585,1016],{"class":93},[57,22587,22588],{"class":1023}," 14\n",[20,22590,22591],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[48,22593,22595],{"className":50,"code":22594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22596,22597,22649,22653,22665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22598,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22600,13095],{"class":63},[57,22602,68],{"class":67},[57,22604,10725],{"class":93},[57,22606,104],{"class":71},[57,22608,1056],{"class":75},[57,22610,104],{"class":71},[57,22612,1016],{"class":93},[57,22614,72],{"class":71},[57,22616,8156],{"class":75},[57,22618,104],{"class":71},[57,22620,107],{"class":93},[57,22622,72],{"class":71},[57,22624,20126],{"class":75},[57,22626,104],{"class":71},[57,22628,1016],{"class":93},[57,22630,72],{"class":71},[57,22632,22481],{"class":75},[57,22634,104],{"class":71},[57,22636,107],{"class":93},[57,22638,72],{"class":71},[57,22640,1065],{"class":75},[57,22642,104],{"class":71},[57,22644,1016],{"class":93},[57,22646,14089],{"class":1023},[57,22648,9544],{"class":93},[57,22650,22651],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22652,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22654,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22656,6191],{"class":4110},[57,22658,18443],{"class":63},[57,22660,4117],{"class":4110},[57,22662,13138],{"class":63},[57,22664,6628],{"class":93},[57,22666,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,22668,8304],{"class":118},[57,22670,101],{"class":93},[57,22672,22530],{"class":1326},[57,22674,104],{"class":75},[57,22676,9514],{"class":1023},[57,22678,15073],{"class":97},[57,22680,22539],{"class":1023},[57,22682,22542],{"class":75},[57,22684,9514],{"class":1023},[57,22686,13857],{"class":97},[57,22688,258],{"class":93},[57,22690,15073],{"class":97},[57,22692,13504],{"class":93},[57,22694,22539],{"class":1023},[57,22696,104],{"class":75},[57,22698,112],{"class":93},[20,22700,6746,22701,22704],{},[15,22702,22703],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22706,22707,22708,94],{},"For a full guide, see ",[293,22709,22711],{"href":22710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[43,22713,22715],{"id":22714},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22717,22718],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[48,22720,22722],{"className":50,"code":22721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22723,22724,22783,22787,22807,22811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22725,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22761,22763,22765,22767,22770,22772,22774,22776,22779,22781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22727,13308],{"class":63},[57,22729,68],{"class":67},[57,22731,10725],{"class":93},[57,22733,104],{"class":71},[57,22735,836],{"class":75},[57,22737,104],{"class":71},[57,22739,1016],{"class":93},[57,22741,72],{"class":71},[57,22743,264],{"class":75},[57,22745,104],{"class":71},[57,22747,107],{"class":93},[57,22749,72],{"class":71},[57,22751,845],{"class":75},[57,22753,104],{"class":71},[57,22755,1016],{"class":93},[57,22757,72],{"class":71},[57,22759,22760],{"class":75},"yellow",[57,22762,104],{"class":71},[57,22764,107],{"class":93},[57,22766,72],{"class":71},[57,22768,22769],{"class":75},"grape",[57,22771,104],{"class":71},[57,22773,1016],{"class":93},[57,22775,72],{"class":71},[57,22777,22778],{"class":75},"purple",[57,22780,104],{"class":71},[57,22782,9544],{"class":93},[57,22784,22785],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22786,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22788,22789,22792,22794,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22790,22791],{"class":63},"pairs_list ",[57,22793,68],{"class":67},[57,22795,22796],{"class":1256}," list",[57,22798,101],{"class":93},[57,22800,17736],{"class":97},[57,22802,94],{"class":93},[57,22804,8045],{"class":97},[57,22806,383],{"class":93},[57,22808,22809],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,22810,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22812,22813,22815,22817,22820],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,22814,119],{"class":118},[57,22816,101],{"class":93},[57,22818,22819],{"class":97},"pairs_list",[57,22821,112],{"class":93},[20,22823,22824],{},[153,22825,243],{},[48,22827,22829],{"className":50,"code":22828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22830,22831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22832,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22834,21976],{"class":93},[57,22836,261],{"class":71},[57,22838,836],{"class":75},[57,22840,261],{"class":71},[57,22842,107],{"class":93},[57,22844,271],{"class":71},[57,22846,264],{"class":75},[57,22848,261],{"class":71},[57,22850,9469],{"class":93},[57,22852,9472],{"class":93},[57,22854,261],{"class":71},[57,22856,845],{"class":75},[57,22858,261],{"class":71},[57,22860,107],{"class":93},[57,22862,271],{"class":71},[57,22864,22760],{"class":75},[57,22866,261],{"class":71},[57,22868,9469],{"class":93},[57,22870,9472],{"class":93},[57,22872,261],{"class":71},[57,22874,22769],{"class":75},[57,22876,261],{"class":71},[57,22878,107],{"class":93},[57,22880,271],{"class":71},[57,22882,22778],{"class":75},[57,22884,261],{"class":71},[57,22886,9485],{"class":93},[20,22888,22889],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22891,22892],{},"Use this when:",[30,22894,22895,22898,22901],{},[33,22896,22897],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22899,22900],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22902,22903],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[43,22905,22907,577,22909,577,22911],{"id":22906},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22908,17312],{},[15,22910,17299],{},[15,22912,17305],{},[20,22914,22915],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22917,22918,22923,22928],{},[33,22919,22920,22922],{},[15,22921,17312],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22924,22925,22927],{},[15,22926,17299],{}," gives only keys",[33,22929,22930,22932],{},[15,22931,17305],{}," gives only values",[20,22934,179],{},[48,22936,22938],{"className":50,"code":22937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22939,22940,22976,22980,22998,23016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22941,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22943,13435],{"class":63},[57,22945,68],{"class":67},[57,22947,10725],{"class":93},[57,22949,104],{"class":71},[57,22951,1056],{"class":75},[57,22953,104],{"class":71},[57,22955,1016],{"class":93},[57,22957,72],{"class":71},[57,22959,13112],{"class":75},[57,22961,104],{"class":71},[57,22963,107],{"class":93},[57,22965,72],{"class":71},[57,22967,1065],{"class":75},[57,22969,104],{"class":71},[57,22971,1016],{"class":93},[57,22973,9541],{"class":1023},[57,22975,9544],{"class":93},[57,22977,22978],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,22979,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,22981,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,22983,119],{"class":118},[57,22985,101],{"class":93},[57,22987,1188],{"class":1256},[57,22989,101],{"class":93},[57,22991,17541],{"class":97},[57,22993,94],{"class":93},[57,22995,17157],{"class":97},[57,22997,6524],{"class":93},[57,22999,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23001,119],{"class":118},[57,23003,101],{"class":93},[57,23005,1188],{"class":1256},[57,23007,101],{"class":93},[57,23009,17541],{"class":97},[57,23011,94],{"class":93},[57,23013,5591],{"class":97},[57,23015,6524],{"class":93},[57,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,23019,119],{"class":118},[57,23021,101],{"class":93},[57,23023,1188],{"class":1256},[57,23025,101],{"class":93},[57,23027,17541],{"class":97},[57,23029,94],{"class":93},[57,23031,8045],{"class":97},[57,23033,6524],{"class":93},[20,23035,23036],{},[153,23037,243],{},[48,23039,23041],{"className":50,"code":23040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23042,23043,23063,23079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23044,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23046,258],{"class":93},[57,23048,261],{"class":71},[57,23050,1056],{"class":75},[57,23052,261],{"class":71},[57,23054,107],{"class":93},[57,23056,271],{"class":71},[57,23058,1065],{"class":75},[57,23060,261],{"class":71},[57,23062,288],{"class":93},[57,23064,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23066,258],{"class":93},[57,23068,261],{"class":71},[57,23070,13112],{"class":75},[57,23072,261],{"class":71},[57,23074,107],{"class":93},[57,23076,9541],{"class":1023},[57,23078,288],{"class":93},[57,23080,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23082,21976],{"class":93},[57,23084,261],{"class":71},[57,23086,1056],{"class":75},[57,23088,261],{"class":71},[57,23090,107],{"class":93},[57,23092,271],{"class":71},[57,23094,13112],{"class":75},[57,23096,261],{"class":71},[57,23098,9469],{"class":93},[57,23100,9472],{"class":93},[57,23102,261],{"class":71},[57,23104,1065],{"class":75},[57,23106,261],{"class":71},[57,23108,107],{"class":93},[57,23110,9541],{"class":1023},[57,23112,9485],{"class":93},[20,23114,23115],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,23117,23118,23126,23134],{},[33,23119,23120,23121],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[293,23122,23124],{"href":23123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23125,17299],{},[33,23127,23128,23129],{},"Need just values? Use ",[293,23130,23132],{"href":23131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23133,17305],{},[33,23135,23136,23137],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23138,17312],{},[43,23140,1637,23142],{"id":23141},"when-to-use-items",[15,23143,17312],{},[20,23145,23146,23148],{},[15,23147,17312],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,23150,23151,23154,23157,23160,23163],{},[33,23152,23153],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,23155,23156],{},"Building formatted output",[33,23158,23159],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,23161,23162],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,23164,23165],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23167,179],{},[48,23169,23171],{"className":50,"code":23170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23172,23173,23181,23199,23218,23230,23234,23238,23259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23174,23175,23177,23179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23176,14057],{"class":63},[57,23178,68],{"class":67},[57,23180,11725],{"class":93},[57,23182,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23184,11730],{"class":71},[57,23186,12726],{"class":75},[57,23188,104],{"class":71},[57,23190,1016],{"class":93},[57,23192,72],{"class":71},[57,23194,12735],{"class":75},[57,23196,104],{"class":71},[57,23198,11746],{"class":93},[57,23200,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23214,23216],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23202,11730],{"class":71},[57,23204,20358],{"class":75},[57,23206,104],{"class":71},[57,23208,1016],{"class":93},[57,23210,72],{"class":71},[57,23212,23213],{"class":75},"English",[57,23215,104],{"class":71},[57,23217,11746],{"class":93},[57,23219,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23221,11730],{"class":71},[57,23223,18759],{"class":75},[57,23225,104],{"class":71},[57,23227,1016],{"class":93},[57,23229,6658],{"class":4085},[57,23231,23232],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,23233,9544],{"class":93},[57,23235,23236],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,23237,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23239,23240,23242,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,23241,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23243,23244],{"class":63}," setting",[57,23246,107],{"class":93},[57,23248,21820],{"class":63},[57,23250,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23252,14101],{"class":63},[57,23254,94],{"class":93},[57,23256,8045],{"class":97},[57,23258,21831],{"class":93},[57,23260,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23274,23276,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,23262,8304],{"class":118},[57,23264,101],{"class":93},[57,23266,22530],{"class":1326},[57,23268,104],{"class":75},[57,23270,9514],{"class":1023},[57,23272,23273],{"class":97},"setting",[57,23275,22539],{"class":1023},[57,23277,23278],{"class":75}," = ",[57,23280,9514],{"class":1023},[57,23282,2708],{"class":97},[57,23284,22539],{"class":1023},[57,23286,104],{"class":75},[57,23288,112],{"class":93},[20,23290,23291],{},[153,23292,243],{},[48,23294,23296],{"className":50,"code":23295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23297,23298,23308,23318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23299,23300,23303,23305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23301,23302],{"class":63},"theme ",[57,23304,68],{"class":67},[57,23306,23307],{"class":63}," dark\n",[57,23309,23310,23313,23315],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23311,23312],{"class":63},"language ",[57,23314,68],{"class":67},[57,23316,23317],{"class":63}," English\n",[57,23319,23320,23323,23325],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23321,23322],{"class":63},"notifications ",[57,23324,68],{"class":67},[57,23326,6658],{"class":4085},[43,23328,1673],{"id":1672},[20,23330,23331,23332,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23333,17312],{},[572,23335,23337,23338,23340],{"id":23336},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23339,17312],{}," incorrectly",[20,23342,23343,23344,23346,23347,23350],{},"Each result from ",[15,23345,17312],{}," has ",[153,23348,23349],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23352,6923],{},[48,23354,23355],{"className":50,"code":21766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,23356,23357,23393,23397,23417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23360,13435],{"class":63},[57,23362,68],{"class":67},[57,23364,10725],{"class":93},[57,23366,104],{"class":71},[57,23368,1056],{"class":75},[57,23370,104],{"class":71},[57,23372,1016],{"class":93},[57,23374,72],{"class":71},[57,23376,13112],{"class":75},[57,23378,104],{"class":71},[57,23380,107],{"class":93},[57,23382,72],{"class":71},[57,23384,1065],{"class":75},[57,23386,104],{"class":71},[57,23388,1016],{"class":93},[57,23390,9541],{"class":1023},[57,23392,9544],{"class":93},[57,23394,23395],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23396,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23398,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23400,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23402,21815],{"class":63},[57,23404,107],{"class":93},[57,23406,21820],{"class":63},[57,23408,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23410,13478],{"class":63},[57,23412,94],{"class":93},[57,23414,8045],{"class":97},[57,23416,21831],{"class":93},[57,23418,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23420,8304],{"class":118},[57,23422,101],{"class":93},[57,23424,15073],{"class":97},[57,23426,107],{"class":93},[57,23428,8668],{"class":97},[57,23430,112],{"class":93},[20,23432,23433],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[48,23435,23437],{"className":50,"code":23436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23438,23439,23475,23479,23495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23440,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23442,13435],{"class":63},[57,23444,68],{"class":67},[57,23446,10725],{"class":93},[57,23448,104],{"class":71},[57,23450,1056],{"class":75},[57,23452,104],{"class":71},[57,23454,1016],{"class":93},[57,23456,72],{"class":71},[57,23458,13112],{"class":75},[57,23460,104],{"class":71},[57,23462,107],{"class":93},[57,23464,72],{"class":71},[57,23466,1065],{"class":75},[57,23468,104],{"class":71},[57,23470,1016],{"class":93},[57,23472,9541],{"class":1023},[57,23474,9544],{"class":93},[57,23476,23477],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23478,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23480,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23482,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23484,18443],{"class":63},[57,23486,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23488,13478],{"class":63},[57,23490,94],{"class":93},[57,23492,8045],{"class":97},[57,23494,21831],{"class":93},[57,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23498,8304],{"class":118},[57,23500,101],{"class":93},[57,23502,15073],{"class":97},[57,23504,112],{"class":93},[20,23506,23507,23508,23510,23511,23514],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23509,15073],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23512,23513],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23516,23517],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[48,23519,23521],{"className":50,"code":23520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23522,23523,23539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23524,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23526,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23528,6194],{"class":63},[57,23530,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23532,13478],{"class":63},[57,23534,94],{"class":93},[57,23536,8045],{"class":97},[57,23538,21831],{"class":93},[57,23540,23541,23543,23545,23548],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23542,8304],{"class":118},[57,23544,101],{"class":93},[57,23546,23547],{"class":97},"item",[57,23549,112],{"class":93},[20,23551,23552],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[48,23554,23556],{"className":50,"code":23555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23557,23558,23578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23559,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23561,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23563,21815],{"class":63},[57,23565,107],{"class":93},[57,23567,21820],{"class":63},[57,23569,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23571,13478],{"class":63},[57,23573,94],{"class":93},[57,23575,8045],{"class":97},[57,23577,21831],{"class":93},[57,23579,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23581,8304],{"class":118},[57,23583,101],{"class":93},[57,23585,15073],{"class":97},[57,23587,107],{"class":93},[57,23589,8668],{"class":97},[57,23591,112],{"class":93},[572,23593,8688,23595,23597],{"id":23594},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23596,17312],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23599,23600,22211,23602,23604],{},[15,23601,17312],{},[15,23603,22144],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23606,23607],{},"Check it:",[48,23609,23611],{"className":50,"code":23610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23612,23613,23645,23649,23663,23681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23614,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23616,11956],{"class":63},[57,23618,68],{"class":67},[57,23620,10725],{"class":93},[57,23622,104],{"class":71},[57,23624,293],{"class":75},[57,23626,104],{"class":71},[57,23628,1016],{"class":93},[57,23630,1143],{"class":1023},[57,23632,107],{"class":93},[57,23634,72],{"class":71},[57,23636,664],{"class":75},[57,23638,104],{"class":71},[57,23640,1016],{"class":93},[57,23642,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23644,9544],{"class":93},[57,23646,23647],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23648,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23650,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23652,119],{"class":118},[57,23654,101],{"class":93},[57,23656,11681],{"class":97},[57,23658,94],{"class":93},[57,23660,8045],{"class":97},[57,23662,383],{"class":93},[57,23664,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23666,119],{"class":118},[57,23668,101],{"class":93},[57,23670,1257],{"class":1256},[57,23672,101],{"class":93},[57,23674,11681],{"class":97},[57,23676,94],{"class":93},[57,23678,8045],{"class":97},[57,23680,6524],{"class":93},[57,23682,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,23684,119],{"class":118},[57,23686,101],{"class":93},[57,23688,1188],{"class":1256},[57,23690,101],{"class":93},[57,23692,11681],{"class":97},[57,23694,94],{"class":93},[57,23696,8045],{"class":97},[57,23698,6524],{"class":93},[20,23700,23701],{},[153,23702,243],{},[48,23704,23706],{"className":50,"code":23705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23707,23708,23740,23754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23709,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23711,22144],{"class":97},[57,23713,9893],{"class":93},[57,23715,261],{"class":71},[57,23717,293],{"class":75},[57,23719,261],{"class":71},[57,23721,107],{"class":93},[57,23723,1143],{"class":1023},[57,23725,9469],{"class":93},[57,23727,9472],{"class":93},[57,23729,261],{"class":71},[57,23731,664],{"class":75},[57,23733,261],{"class":71},[57,23735,107],{"class":93},[57,23737,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23739,10913],{"class":93},[57,23741,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23743,1323],{"class":67},[57,23745,1327],{"class":1326},[57,23747,271],{"class":71},[57,23749,22144],{"class":75},[57,23751,261],{"class":71},[57,23753,1336],{"class":67},[57,23755,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23757,21976],{"class":93},[57,23759,261],{"class":71},[57,23761,293],{"class":75},[57,23763,261],{"class":71},[57,23765,107],{"class":93},[57,23767,1143],{"class":1023},[57,23769,9469],{"class":93},[57,23771,9472],{"class":93},[57,23773,261],{"class":71},[57,23775,664],{"class":75},[57,23777,261],{"class":71},[57,23779,107],{"class":93},[57,23781,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23783,9485],{"class":93},[572,23785,23787,23788],{"id":23786},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23789,17312],{},[20,23791,23792],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23794,23795],{},"Problem example:",[48,23797,23799],{"className":50,"code":23798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23800,23801,23845,23849,23869,23881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23802,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23804,3853],{"class":63},[57,23806,68],{"class":67},[57,23808,10725],{"class":93},[57,23810,104],{"class":71},[57,23812,293],{"class":75},[57,23814,104],{"class":71},[57,23816,1016],{"class":93},[57,23818,1143],{"class":1023},[57,23820,107],{"class":93},[57,23822,72],{"class":71},[57,23824,664],{"class":75},[57,23826,104],{"class":71},[57,23828,1016],{"class":93},[57,23830,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23832,107],{"class":93},[57,23834,72],{"class":71},[57,23836,673],{"class":75},[57,23838,104],{"class":71},[57,23840,1016],{"class":93},[57,23842,2686],{"class":1023},[57,23844,9544],{"class":93},[57,23846,23847],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23848,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23850,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23852,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23854,21815],{"class":63},[57,23856,107],{"class":93},[57,23858,21820],{"class":63},[57,23860,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23862,4495],{"class":63},[57,23864,94],{"class":93},[57,23866,8045],{"class":97},[57,23868,21831],{"class":93},[57,23870,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23872,6633],{"class":4110},[57,23874,21820],{"class":63},[57,23876,4921],{"class":67},[57,23878,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23880,6628],{"class":93},[57,23882,23883,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,23884,23885],{"class":63},"        numbers",[57,23887,258],{"class":93},[57,23889,104],{"class":71},[57,23891,19002],{"class":75},[57,23893,104],{"class":71},[57,23895,13504],{"class":93},[57,23897,13507],{"class":67},[57,23899,23900],{"class":1023}," 4\n",[20,23902,23903],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23905,23906],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[48,23908,23910],{"className":50,"code":23909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23911,23912,23956,23960,23985,23997,24015,24019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23913,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23915,3853],{"class":63},[57,23917,68],{"class":67},[57,23919,10725],{"class":93},[57,23921,104],{"class":71},[57,23923,293],{"class":75},[57,23925,104],{"class":71},[57,23927,1016],{"class":93},[57,23929,1143],{"class":1023},[57,23931,107],{"class":93},[57,23933,72],{"class":71},[57,23935,664],{"class":75},[57,23937,104],{"class":71},[57,23939,1016],{"class":93},[57,23941,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23943,107],{"class":93},[57,23945,72],{"class":71},[57,23947,673],{"class":75},[57,23949,104],{"class":71},[57,23951,1016],{"class":93},[57,23953,2686],{"class":1023},[57,23955,9544],{"class":93},[57,23957,23958],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,23959,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,23961,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,23963,6191],{"class":4110},[57,23965,21815],{"class":63},[57,23967,107],{"class":93},[57,23969,21820],{"class":63},[57,23971,4117],{"class":4110},[57,23973,22796],{"class":1256},[57,23975,101],{"class":93},[57,23977,3883],{"class":97},[57,23979,94],{"class":93},[57,23981,8045],{"class":97},[57,23983,23984],{"class":93},"()):\n",[57,23986,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,23988,6633],{"class":4110},[57,23990,21820],{"class":63},[57,23992,4921],{"class":67},[57,23994,1024],{"class":1023},[57,23996,6628],{"class":93},[57,23998,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,24000,23885],{"class":63},[57,24002,258],{"class":93},[57,24004,104],{"class":71},[57,24006,19002],{"class":75},[57,24008,104],{"class":71},[57,24010,13504],{"class":93},[57,24012,13507],{"class":67},[57,24014,23900],{"class":1023},[57,24016,24017],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,24018,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24020,24021,24023,24025,24027],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,24022,119],{"class":118},[57,24024,101],{"class":93},[57,24026,3883],{"class":97},[57,24028,112],{"class":93},[572,24030,24032],{"id":24031},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24034,24035],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[48,24037,24039],{"className":50,"code":24038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24040,24041,24073,24077,24093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24042,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24044,9401],{"class":63},[57,24046,68],{"class":67},[57,24048,10725],{"class":93},[57,24050,104],{"class":71},[57,24052,2409],{"class":75},[57,24054,104],{"class":71},[57,24056,1016],{"class":93},[57,24058,6238],{"class":1023},[57,24060,107],{"class":93},[57,24062,72],{"class":71},[57,24064,11977],{"class":75},[57,24066,104],{"class":71},[57,24068,1016],{"class":93},[57,24070,8025],{"class":1023},[57,24072,9544],{"class":93},[57,24074,24075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24076,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24078,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,24080,6191],{"class":4110},[57,24082,6194],{"class":63},[57,24084,4117],{"class":4110},[57,24086,14798],{"class":63},[57,24088,94],{"class":93},[57,24090,8045],{"class":97},[57,24092,21831],{"class":93},[57,24094,24095,24097,24099,24101],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,24096,8304],{"class":118},[57,24098,101],{"class":93},[57,24100,23547],{"class":97},[57,24102,112],{"class":93},[20,24104,24105],{},[153,24106,243],{},[48,24108,24110],{"className":50,"code":24109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24111,24112,24128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24113,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24115,101],{"class":93},[57,24117,261],{"class":71},[57,24119,2409],{"class":75},[57,24121,261],{"class":71},[57,24123,107],{"class":93},[57,24125,6238],{"class":1023},[57,24127,112],{"class":93},[57,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24131,101],{"class":93},[57,24133,261],{"class":71},[57,24135,11977],{"class":75},[57,24137,261],{"class":71},[57,24139,107],{"class":93},[57,24141,8025],{"class":1023},[57,24143,112],{"class":93},[20,24145,24146,24147,24149],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24148,21891],{}," pair.",[43,24151,2075],{"id":2074},[572,24153,24155,24156,5377],{"id":24154},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24157,17312],{},[20,24159,17656,24160,24162],{},[15,24161,22144],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[572,24164,2099,24166,24168],{"id":24165},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24167,17312],{}," return a list?",[20,24170,24171,24172,24175],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24173,24174],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[572,24177,24179,24180,2085],{"id":24178},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24181,17312],{},[20,24183,24184],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[48,24186,24188],{"className":50,"code":24187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24189,24190,24210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24191,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24193,6191],{"class":4110},[57,24195,21815],{"class":63},[57,24197,107],{"class":93},[57,24199,21820],{"class":63},[57,24201,4117],{"class":4110},[57,24203,11998],{"class":63},[57,24205,94],{"class":93},[57,24207,8045],{"class":97},[57,24209,21831],{"class":93},[57,24211,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24213,8304],{"class":118},[57,24215,101],{"class":93},[57,24217,15073],{"class":97},[57,24219,107],{"class":93},[57,24221,8668],{"class":97},[57,24223,112],{"class":93},[572,24225,2099,24227,24229],{"id":24226},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24228,17312],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24231,24232],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[43,24234,2132],{"id":2131},[30,24236,24237,24243,24249,24254,24258],{},[33,24238,24239],{},[293,24240,10971,24241,742],{"href":23123},[15,24242,17299],{},[33,24244,24245],{},[293,24246,10971,24247,742],{"href":23131},[15,24248,17305],{},[33,24250,24251],{},[293,24252,24253],{"href":22710},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,24255,24256],{},[293,24257,9391],{"href":13255},[33,24259,24260],{},[293,24261,24262],{"href":22014},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2161,24264,24265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":24267},[24268,24269,24271,24272,24273,24275,24276,24278,24280,24289,24299],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":21874,"depth":82,"text":24270},"What items() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":22205,"depth":82,"text":22206},{"id":22431,"depth":82,"text":24274},"Looping with items()",{"id":22714,"depth":82,"text":22715},{"id":22906,"depth":82,"text":24277},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23141,"depth":82,"text":24279},"When to use items()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":24281},[24282,24284,24286,24288],{"id":23336,"depth":115,"text":24283},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23594,"depth":115,"text":24285},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23786,"depth":115,"text":24287},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24031,"depth":115,"text":24032},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":24290},[24291,24293,24295,24297],{"id":24154,"depth":115,"text":24292},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24165,"depth":115,"text":24294},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24178,"depth":115,"text":24296},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24226,"depth":115,"text":24298},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21742,"description":24300},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24307,"title":24308,"body":24309,"description":26400,"extension":2201,"meta":26401,"navigation":217,"path":23123,"seo":26402,"stem":26403,"__hash__":26404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24310,"toc":26366},[24311,24316,24322,24325,24336,24343,24345,24428,24432,24479,24484,24489,24494,24496,24512,24514,24613,24617,24674,24677,24679,24682,24775,24779,24842,24845,24861,24866,24868,24870,24885,24887,24898,24900,24943,24946,24990,24993,24995,25002,25005,25022,25024,25117,25121,25162,25174,25178,25181,25269,25273,25293,25296,25323,25330,25335,25339,25350,25352,25456,25460,25486,25489,25556,25561,25564,25587,25592,25596,25601,25607,25612,25614,25669,25673,25700,25707,25713,25716,25741,25747,25773,25776,25851,25858,25863,25865,25904,25922,25926,25929,25972,25975,25977,25996,25998,26003,26028,26031,26101,26104,26177,26181,26183,26244,26247,26263,26265,26270,26275,26282,26291,26297,26303,26310,26316,26320,26325,26327,26363],[10,24312,11550,24314,18],{"id":24313},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24315,17299],{},[20,24317,24318,24319,24321],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24320,17299],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24323,24324],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,24326,24327,24330,24333],{},[33,24328,24329],{},"view the available keys",[33,24331,24332],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,24334,24335],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24337,24338,24340,24341,94],{},[15,24339,17299],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24342,17248],{},[43,24344,46],{"id":45},[48,24346,24348],{"className":50,"code":24347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24349,24350,24386,24400,24404,24414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24351,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24353,13095],{"class":63},[57,24355,68],{"class":67},[57,24357,10725],{"class":93},[57,24359,104],{"class":71},[57,24361,1056],{"class":75},[57,24363,104],{"class":71},[57,24365,1016],{"class":93},[57,24367,72],{"class":71},[57,24369,13112],{"class":75},[57,24371,104],{"class":71},[57,24373,107],{"class":93},[57,24375,72],{"class":71},[57,24377,1065],{"class":75},[57,24379,104],{"class":71},[57,24381,1016],{"class":93},[57,24383,8025],{"class":1023},[57,24385,9544],{"class":93},[57,24387,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24389,17476],{"class":63},[57,24391,68],{"class":67},[57,24393,13138],{"class":63},[57,24395,94],{"class":93},[57,24397,17157],{"class":97},[57,24399,212],{"class":93},[57,24401,24402],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,24403,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24405,24406,24408,24410,24412],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,24407,119],{"class":118},[57,24409,101],{"class":93},[57,24411,17157],{"class":97},[57,24413,112],{"class":93},[57,24415,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,24417,119],{"class":118},[57,24419,101],{"class":93},[57,24421,1188],{"class":1256},[57,24423,101],{"class":93},[57,24425,17157],{"class":97},[57,24427,640],{"class":93},[20,24429,24430],{},[153,24431,243],{},[48,24433,24435],{"className":50,"code":24434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24436,24437,24459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24438,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24440,17248],{"class":97},[57,24442,3221],{"class":93},[57,24444,261],{"class":71},[57,24446,1056],{"class":75},[57,24448,261],{"class":71},[57,24450,107],{"class":93},[57,24452,271],{"class":71},[57,24454,1065],{"class":75},[57,24456,261],{"class":71},[57,24458,1280],{"class":93},[57,24460,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24462,258],{"class":93},[57,24464,261],{"class":71},[57,24466,1056],{"class":75},[57,24468,261],{"class":71},[57,24470,107],{"class":93},[57,24472,271],{"class":71},[57,24474,1065],{"class":75},[57,24476,261],{"class":71},[57,24478,288],{"class":93},[20,24480,136,24481,24483],{},[15,24482,17299],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[43,24485,143,24487,146],{"id":24486},"what-keys-does",[15,24488,17299],{},[20,24490,24491,24493],{},[15,24492,17299],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24495,11690],{},[30,24497,24498,24501,24504,24509],{},[33,24499,24500],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,24502,24503],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,24505,17656,24506,24508],{},[15,24507,17248],{}," view object, not a list",[33,24510,24511],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24513,179],{},[48,24515,24517],{"className":50,"code":24516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24518,24519,24555,24559,24573,24577,24599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24520,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24522,13435],{"class":63},[57,24524,68],{"class":67},[57,24526,10725],{"class":93},[57,24528,104],{"class":71},[57,24530,1056],{"class":75},[57,24532,104],{"class":71},[57,24534,1016],{"class":93},[57,24536,72],{"class":71},[57,24538,13452],{"class":75},[57,24540,104],{"class":71},[57,24542,107],{"class":93},[57,24544,72],{"class":71},[57,24546,1065],{"class":75},[57,24548,104],{"class":71},[57,24550,1016],{"class":93},[57,24552,9541],{"class":1023},[57,24554,9544],{"class":93},[57,24556,24557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24558,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24560,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,24562,119],{"class":118},[57,24564,101],{"class":93},[57,24566,17541],{"class":97},[57,24568,94],{"class":93},[57,24570,17157],{"class":97},[57,24572,383],{"class":93},[57,24574,24575],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,24576,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24578,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,24580,17541],{"class":63},[57,24582,258],{"class":93},[57,24584,104],{"class":71},[57,24586,10644],{"class":75},[57,24588,104],{"class":71},[57,24590,13504],{"class":93},[57,24592,13507],{"class":67},[57,24594,72],{"class":71},[57,24596,10651],{"class":75},[57,24598,79],{"class":71},[57,24600,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,24602,119],{"class":118},[57,24604,101],{"class":93},[57,24606,17541],{"class":97},[57,24608,94],{"class":93},[57,24610,17157],{"class":97},[57,24612,383],{"class":93},[20,24614,24615],{},[153,24616,243],{},[48,24618,24620],{"className":50,"code":24619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24621,24622,24644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24623,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24625,17248],{"class":97},[57,24627,3221],{"class":93},[57,24629,261],{"class":71},[57,24631,1056],{"class":75},[57,24633,261],{"class":71},[57,24635,107],{"class":93},[57,24637,271],{"class":71},[57,24639,1065],{"class":75},[57,24641,261],{"class":71},[57,24643,1280],{"class":93},[57,24645,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24647,17248],{"class":97},[57,24649,3221],{"class":93},[57,24651,261],{"class":71},[57,24653,1056],{"class":75},[57,24655,261],{"class":71},[57,24657,107],{"class":93},[57,24659,271],{"class":71},[57,24661,1065],{"class":75},[57,24663,261],{"class":71},[57,24665,107],{"class":93},[57,24667,271],{"class":71},[57,24669,10644],{"class":75},[57,24671,261],{"class":71},[57,24673,1280],{"class":93},[20,24675,24676],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[43,24678,6020],{"id":6019},[20,24680,24681],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[48,24683,24685],{"className":50,"code":24684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24686,24687,24739,24743,24757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24688,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24690,9401],{"class":63},[57,24692,68],{"class":67},[57,24694,10725],{"class":93},[57,24696,104],{"class":71},[57,24698,1056],{"class":75},[57,24700,104],{"class":71},[57,24702,1016],{"class":93},[57,24704,72],{"class":71},[57,24706,13112],{"class":75},[57,24708,104],{"class":71},[57,24710,107],{"class":93},[57,24712,72],{"class":71},[57,24714,1065],{"class":75},[57,24716,104],{"class":71},[57,24718,1016],{"class":93},[57,24720,8025],{"class":1023},[57,24722,107],{"class":93},[57,24724,72],{"class":71},[57,24726,20126],{"class":75},[57,24728,104],{"class":71},[57,24730,1016],{"class":93},[57,24732,72],{"class":71},[57,24734,22481],{"class":75},[57,24736,104],{"class":71},[57,24738,9544],{"class":93},[57,24740,24741],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24742,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,24744,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,24746,119],{"class":118},[57,24748,101],{"class":93},[57,24750,9440],{"class":97},[57,24752,94],{"class":93},[57,24754,17157],{"class":97},[57,24756,383],{"class":93},[57,24758,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,24760,119],{"class":118},[57,24762,101],{"class":93},[57,24764,1188],{"class":1256},[57,24766,101],{"class":93},[57,24768,9440],{"class":97},[57,24770,94],{"class":93},[57,24772,17157],{"class":97},[57,24774,6524],{"class":93},[20,24776,24777],{},[153,24778,243],{},[48,24780,24782],{"className":50,"code":24781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24783,24784,24814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24785,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24787,17248],{"class":97},[57,24789,3221],{"class":93},[57,24791,261],{"class":71},[57,24793,1056],{"class":75},[57,24795,261],{"class":71},[57,24797,107],{"class":93},[57,24799,271],{"class":71},[57,24801,1065],{"class":75},[57,24803,261],{"class":71},[57,24805,107],{"class":93},[57,24807,271],{"class":71},[57,24809,20126],{"class":75},[57,24811,261],{"class":71},[57,24813,1280],{"class":93},[57,24815,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24817,258],{"class":93},[57,24819,261],{"class":71},[57,24821,1056],{"class":75},[57,24823,261],{"class":71},[57,24825,107],{"class":93},[57,24827,271],{"class":71},[57,24829,1065],{"class":75},[57,24831,261],{"class":71},[57,24833,107],{"class":93},[57,24835,271],{"class":71},[57,24837,20126],{"class":75},[57,24839,261],{"class":71},[57,24841,288],{"class":93},[20,24843,24844],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24846,24847,24855],{},[33,24848,24849,22211,24852,24854],{},[15,24850,24851],{},"data.keys()",[15,24853,17248],{}," object",[33,24856,24857,24860],{},[15,24858,24859],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24862,9387,24863,94],{},[293,24864,24865],{"href":9626},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[43,24867,5664],{"id":5663},[20,24869,2395],{},[48,24871,24873],{"className":50,"code":24872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24874,24875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24876,24877,24879,24881,24883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24878,11681],{"class":63},[57,24880,94],{"class":93},[57,24882,17157],{"class":97},[57,24884,212],{"class":93},[20,24886,22036],{},[30,24888,24889,24892,24895],{},[33,24890,24891],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24893,24894],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24896,24897],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24899,16889],{},[48,24901,24903],{"className":50,"code":24902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24904,24905,24929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24906,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24908,13095],{"class":63},[57,24910,68],{"class":67},[57,24912,10725],{"class":93},[57,24914,104],{"class":71},[57,24916,1056],{"class":75},[57,24918,104],{"class":71},[57,24920,1016],{"class":93},[57,24922,72],{"class":71},[57,24924,13112],{"class":75},[57,24926,104],{"class":71},[57,24928,9544],{"class":93},[57,24930,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24932,119],{"class":118},[57,24934,101],{"class":93},[57,24936,13857],{"class":97},[57,24938,94],{"class":93},[57,24940,17157],{"class":97},[57,24942,383],{"class":93},[20,24944,24945],{},"Incorrect:",[48,24947,24949],{"className":50,"code":24948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24950,24951,24975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24952,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24954,13095],{"class":63},[57,24956,68],{"class":67},[57,24958,10725],{"class":93},[57,24960,104],{"class":71},[57,24962,1056],{"class":75},[57,24964,104],{"class":71},[57,24966,1016],{"class":93},[57,24968,72],{"class":71},[57,24970,13112],{"class":75},[57,24972,104],{"class":71},[57,24974,9544],{"class":93},[57,24976,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24988],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,24978,119],{"class":118},[57,24980,101],{"class":93},[57,24982,13857],{"class":97},[57,24984,94],{"class":93},[57,24986,17157],{"class":24987},"skxfh",[57,24989,112],{"class":93},[20,24991,24992],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[43,24994,17653],{"id":17652},[20,24996,24997,22211,24999,25001],{},[15,24998,17299],{},[15,25000,17248],{}," object.",[20,25003,25004],{},"This object:",[30,25006,25007,25010,25013,25019],{},[33,25008,25009],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,25011,25012],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,25014,25015,25016],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25017,25018],{},"list()",[33,25020,25021],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25023,179],{},[48,25025,25027],{"className":50,"code":25026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25028,25029,25070,25074,25089,25093,25103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25030,25031,25034,25036,25038,25040,25043,25045,25047,25049,25052,25054,25056,25058,25061,25063,25065,25068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25032,25033],{"class":63},"car ",[57,25035,68],{"class":67},[57,25037,10725],{"class":93},[57,25039,104],{"class":71},[57,25041,25042],{"class":75},"brand",[57,25044,104],{"class":71},[57,25046,1016],{"class":93},[57,25048,72],{"class":71},[57,25050,25051],{"class":75},"Toyota",[57,25053,104],{"class":71},[57,25055,107],{"class":93},[57,25057,72],{"class":71},[57,25059,25060],{"class":75},"year",[57,25062,104],{"class":71},[57,25064,1016],{"class":93},[57,25066,25067],{"class":1023}," 2020",[57,25069,9544],{"class":93},[57,25071,25072],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25073,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25075,25076,25078,25080,25083,25085,25087],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25077,2463],{"class":63},[57,25079,68],{"class":67},[57,25081,25082],{"class":63}," car",[57,25084,94],{"class":93},[57,25086,17157],{"class":97},[57,25088,212],{"class":93},[57,25090,25091],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,25092,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25094,25095,25097,25099,25101],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,25096,119],{"class":118},[57,25098,101],{"class":93},[57,25100,2498],{"class":97},[57,25102,112],{"class":93},[57,25104,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,25106,119],{"class":118},[57,25108,101],{"class":93},[57,25110,1257],{"class":1256},[57,25112,101],{"class":93},[57,25114,2498],{"class":97},[57,25116,640],{"class":93},[20,25118,25119],{},[153,25120,243],{},[48,25122,25124],{"className":50,"code":25123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25125,25126,25148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25127,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25129,17248],{"class":97},[57,25131,3221],{"class":93},[57,25133,261],{"class":71},[57,25135,25042],{"class":75},[57,25137,261],{"class":71},[57,25139,107],{"class":93},[57,25141,271],{"class":71},[57,25143,25060],{"class":75},[57,25145,261],{"class":71},[57,25147,1280],{"class":93},[57,25149,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25151,1323],{"class":67},[57,25153,1327],{"class":1326},[57,25155,271],{"class":71},[57,25157,17248],{"class":75},[57,25159,261],{"class":71},[57,25161,1336],{"class":67},[20,25163,25164,25165,25169,25170,94],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[293,25166,10971,25167,742],{"href":17302},[15,25168,17305],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[293,25171,10971,25172,742],{"href":17309},[15,25173,17312],{},[43,25175,25177],{"id":25176},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25179,25180],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[48,25182,25184],{"className":50,"code":25183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25185,25186,25239,25243,25259],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25187,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25235,25237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25189,13095],{"class":63},[57,25191,68],{"class":67},[57,25193,10725],{"class":93},[57,25195,104],{"class":71},[57,25197,1056],{"class":75},[57,25199,104],{"class":71},[57,25201,1016],{"class":93},[57,25203,72],{"class":71},[57,25205,13112],{"class":75},[57,25207,104],{"class":71},[57,25209,107],{"class":93},[57,25211,72],{"class":71},[57,25213,1065],{"class":75},[57,25215,104],{"class":71},[57,25217,1016],{"class":93},[57,25219,8025],{"class":1023},[57,25221,107],{"class":93},[57,25223,72],{"class":71},[57,25225,15561],{"class":75},[57,25227,104],{"class":71},[57,25229,1016],{"class":93},[57,25231,72],{"class":71},[57,25233,25234],{"class":75},"Math",[57,25236,104],{"class":71},[57,25238,9544],{"class":93},[57,25240,25241],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25242,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25244,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25246,6191],{"class":4110},[57,25248,18443],{"class":63},[57,25250,4117],{"class":4110},[57,25252,13138],{"class":63},[57,25254,94],{"class":93},[57,25256,17157],{"class":97},[57,25258,21831],{"class":93},[57,25260,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,25262,8304],{"class":118},[57,25264,101],{"class":93},[57,25266,15073],{"class":97},[57,25268,112],{"class":93},[20,25270,25271],{},[153,25272,243],{},[48,25274,25276],{"className":50,"code":25275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25277,25278,25283,25288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25279,25280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25281,25282],{"class":63},"name\n",[57,25284,25285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25286,25287],{"class":63},"age\n",[57,25289,25290],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25291,25292],{"class":63},"course\n",[20,25294,25295],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[48,25297,25299],{"className":50,"code":25298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25300,25301,25313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25302,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25304,6191],{"class":4110},[57,25306,18443],{"class":63},[57,25308,4117],{"class":4110},[57,25310,13138],{"class":63},[57,25312,6628],{"class":93},[57,25314,25315,25317,25319,25321],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25316,8304],{"class":118},[57,25318,101],{"class":93},[57,25320,15073],{"class":97},[57,25322,112],{"class":93},[20,25324,25325,25326,25329],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25327,25328],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[43,25331,1637,25333],{"id":25332},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25334,17299],{},[20,25336,136,25337,10835],{},[15,25338,17299],{},[30,25340,25341,25344,25347],{},[33,25342,25343],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,25345,25346],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,25348,25349],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25351,179],{},[48,25353,25355],{"className":50,"code":25354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25356,25357,25410,25414,25429,25446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25358,25359,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25379,25381,25383,25385,25388,25390,25392,25395,25397,25399,25402,25404,25406,25408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25360,25361],{"class":63},"product ",[57,25363,68],{"class":67},[57,25365,10725],{"class":93},[57,25367,104],{"class":71},[57,25369,1056],{"class":75},[57,25371,104],{"class":71},[57,25373,1016],{"class":93},[57,25375,72],{"class":71},[57,25377,25378],{"class":75},"Book",[57,25380,104],{"class":71},[57,25382,107],{"class":93},[57,25384,72],{"class":71},[57,25386,25387],{"class":75},"price",[57,25389,104],{"class":71},[57,25391,1016],{"class":93},[57,25393,25394],{"class":1023}," 12.99",[57,25396,107],{"class":93},[57,25398,72],{"class":71},[57,25400,25401],{"class":75},"stock",[57,25403,104],{"class":71},[57,25405,1016],{"class":93},[57,25407,4838],{"class":1023},[57,25409,9544],{"class":93},[57,25411,25412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25413,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25415,25416,25418,25420,25422,25425,25427],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25417,119],{"class":118},[57,25419,101],{"class":93},[57,25421,104],{"class":71},[57,25423,25424],{"class":75},"Available fields:",[57,25426,104],{"class":71},[57,25428,112],{"class":93},[57,25430,25431,25433,25435,25437,25440,25442,25444],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,25432,6191],{"class":4110},[57,25434,18443],{"class":63},[57,25436,4117],{"class":4110},[57,25438,25439],{"class":63}," product",[57,25441,94],{"class":93},[57,25443,17157],{"class":97},[57,25445,21831],{"class":93},[57,25447,25448,25450,25452,25454],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,25449,8304],{"class":118},[57,25451,101],{"class":93},[57,25453,15073],{"class":97},[57,25455,112],{"class":93},[20,25457,25458],{},[153,25459,243],{},[48,25461,25463],{"className":50,"code":25462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25464,25465,25472,25476,25481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25466,25467,25470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25468,25469],{"class":63},"Available fields",[57,25471,6628],{"class":93},[57,25473,25474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25475,25282],{"class":63},[57,25477,25478],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25479,25480],{"class":63},"price\n",[57,25482,25483],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,25484,25485],{"class":63},"stock\n",[20,25487,25488],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[48,25490,25492],{"className":50,"code":25491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25493,25494,25530,25534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25495,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25497,25361],{"class":63},[57,25499,68],{"class":67},[57,25501,10725],{"class":93},[57,25503,104],{"class":71},[57,25505,1056],{"class":75},[57,25507,104],{"class":71},[57,25509,1016],{"class":93},[57,25511,72],{"class":71},[57,25513,25378],{"class":75},[57,25515,104],{"class":71},[57,25517,107],{"class":93},[57,25519,72],{"class":71},[57,25521,25387],{"class":75},[57,25523,104],{"class":71},[57,25525,1016],{"class":93},[57,25527,25394],{"class":1023},[57,25529,9544],{"class":93},[57,25531,25532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25533,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25535,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25537,119],{"class":118},[57,25539,101],{"class":93},[57,25541,104],{"class":71},[57,25543,1056],{"class":75},[57,25545,104],{"class":71},[57,25547,21409],{"class":4110},[57,25549,25439],{"class":97},[57,25551,94],{"class":93},[57,25553,17157],{"class":97},[57,25555,383],{"class":93},[20,25557,25558,25559,94],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25560,3838],{},[20,25562,25563],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[48,25565,25567],{"className":50,"code":25566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25568,25569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25570,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25572,119],{"class":118},[57,25574,101],{"class":93},[57,25576,104],{"class":71},[57,25578,1056],{"class":75},[57,25580,104],{"class":71},[57,25582,21409],{"class":4110},[57,25584,25439],{"class":97},[57,25586,112],{"class":93},[20,25588,25589,25590,94],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[293,25591,21442],{"href":17387},[43,25593,25595],{"id":25594},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25597,25598,25599,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25600,17299],{},[572,25602,8688,25604,25606],{"id":25603},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25605,17299],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25608,25609,25611],{},[15,25610,17299],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25613,179],{},[48,25615,25617],{"className":50,"code":25616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25618,25619,25655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25620,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25622,9401],{"class":63},[57,25624,68],{"class":67},[57,25626,10725],{"class":93},[57,25628,104],{"class":71},[57,25630,1056],{"class":75},[57,25632,104],{"class":71},[57,25634,1016],{"class":93},[57,25636,72],{"class":71},[57,25638,13112],{"class":75},[57,25640,104],{"class":71},[57,25642,107],{"class":93},[57,25644,72],{"class":71},[57,25646,1065],{"class":75},[57,25648,104],{"class":71},[57,25650,1016],{"class":93},[57,25652,8025],{"class":1023},[57,25654,9544],{"class":93},[57,25656,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25658,119],{"class":118},[57,25660,101],{"class":93},[57,25662,9440],{"class":97},[57,25664,94],{"class":93},[57,25666,17157],{"class":97},[57,25668,383],{"class":93},[20,25670,25671],{},[153,25672,243],{},[48,25674,25676],{"className":50,"code":25675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25677,25678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25679,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25681,17248],{"class":97},[57,25683,3221],{"class":93},[57,25685,261],{"class":71},[57,25687,1056],{"class":75},[57,25689,261],{"class":71},[57,25691,107],{"class":93},[57,25693,271],{"class":71},[57,25695,1065],{"class":75},[57,25697,261],{"class":71},[57,25699,1280],{"class":93},[20,25701,25702,25703,94],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[293,25704,25705],{"href":17309},[15,25706,17312],{},[572,25708,25710,25711],{"id":25709},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25712,17248],{},[20,25714,25715],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[48,25717,25719],{"className":50,"code":25718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25720,25721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25722,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25724,258],{"class":93},[57,25726,261],{"class":71},[57,25728,1056],{"class":75},[57,25730,261],{"class":71},[57,25732,107],{"class":93},[57,25734,271],{"class":71},[57,25736,1065],{"class":75},[57,25738,261],{"class":71},[57,25740,288],{"class":93},[20,25742,25743,25744,25746],{},"But ",[15,25745,17299],{}," returns:",[48,25748,25749],{"className":50,"code":25675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,25750,25751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25752,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25754,17248],{"class":97},[57,25756,3221],{"class":93},[57,25758,261],{"class":71},[57,25760,1056],{"class":75},[57,25762,261],{"class":71},[57,25764,107],{"class":93},[57,25766,271],{"class":71},[57,25768,1065],{"class":75},[57,25770,261],{"class":71},[57,25772,1280],{"class":93},[20,25774,25775],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[48,25777,25779],{"className":50,"code":25778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25780,25781,25817,25836,25840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25784,9401],{"class":63},[57,25786,68],{"class":67},[57,25788,10725],{"class":93},[57,25790,104],{"class":71},[57,25792,1056],{"class":75},[57,25794,104],{"class":71},[57,25796,1016],{"class":93},[57,25798,72],{"class":71},[57,25800,13112],{"class":75},[57,25802,104],{"class":71},[57,25804,107],{"class":93},[57,25806,72],{"class":71},[57,25808,1065],{"class":75},[57,25810,104],{"class":71},[57,25812,1016],{"class":93},[57,25814,8025],{"class":1023},[57,25816,9544],{"class":93},[57,25818,25819,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25820,25821],{"class":63},"key_list ",[57,25823,68],{"class":67},[57,25825,22796],{"class":1256},[57,25827,101],{"class":93},[57,25829,9440],{"class":97},[57,25831,94],{"class":93},[57,25833,17157],{"class":97},[57,25835,383],{"class":93},[57,25837,25838],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,25839,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,25841,25842,25844,25846,25849],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,25843,119],{"class":118},[57,25845,101],{"class":93},[57,25847,25848],{"class":97},"key_list",[57,25850,112],{"class":93},[572,25852,25854,25855,25857],{"id":25853},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25856,17299],{}," on a list or string",[20,25859,25860,25862],{},[15,25861,17299],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25864,3072],{},[48,25866,25868],{"className":50,"code":25867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25869,25870,25890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25871,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25873,3853],{"class":63},[57,25875,68],{"class":67},[57,25877,1380],{"class":93},[57,25879,3224],{"class":1023},[57,25881,107],{"class":93},[57,25883,1024],{"class":1023},[57,25885,107],{"class":93},[57,25887,2686],{"class":1023},[57,25889,288],{"class":93},[57,25891,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25893,119],{"class":118},[57,25895,101],{"class":93},[57,25897,3883],{"class":97},[57,25899,94],{"class":93},[57,25901,17157],{"class":97},[57,25903,383],{"class":93},[20,25905,25906,25907,25910,25911,25913,25914,94],{},"You may get an ",[15,25908,25909],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25912,17299],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[293,25915,25917,25918,25921],{"href":25916},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25919,25920],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[572,25923,25925],{"id":25924},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25927,25928],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[48,25930,25932],{"className":50,"code":25931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25933,25934,25958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25935,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25937,9401],{"class":63},[57,25939,68],{"class":67},[57,25941,10725],{"class":93},[57,25943,104],{"class":71},[57,25945,1056],{"class":75},[57,25947,104],{"class":71},[57,25949,1016],{"class":93},[57,25951,72],{"class":71},[57,25953,13112],{"class":75},[57,25955,104],{"class":71},[57,25957,9544],{"class":93},[57,25959,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,25961,119],{"class":118},[57,25963,101],{"class":93},[57,25965,9440],{"class":97},[57,25967,94],{"class":93},[57,25969,17157],{"class":24987},[57,25971,112],{"class":93},[20,25973,25974],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25976,18929],{},[48,25978,25980],{"className":50,"code":25979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25981,25982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25983,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25985,119],{"class":118},[57,25987,101],{"class":93},[57,25989,9440],{"class":97},[57,25991,94],{"class":93},[57,25993,17157],{"class":97},[57,25995,383],{"class":93},[43,25997,1673],{"id":1672},[20,25999,26000,26001,1016],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26002,17299],{},[30,26004,26005,26010,26016,26022],{},[33,26006,425,26007,26009],{},[15,26008,17299],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,26011,26012,26013,26015],{},"Thinking ",[15,26014,17299],{}," returns values too",[33,26017,26018,26019,26021],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26020,17248],{}," like a normal list",[33,26023,26024,26025,26027],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26026,17248],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26029,26030],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[48,26032,26034],{"className":50,"code":26033,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26035,26036,26068,26082,26086,26096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26037,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26039,9401],{"class":63},[57,26041,68],{"class":67},[57,26043,10725],{"class":93},[57,26045,104],{"class":71},[57,26047,293],{"class":75},[57,26049,104],{"class":71},[57,26051,1016],{"class":93},[57,26053,1143],{"class":1023},[57,26055,107],{"class":93},[57,26057,72],{"class":71},[57,26059,664],{"class":75},[57,26061,104],{"class":71},[57,26063,1016],{"class":93},[57,26065,1024],{"class":1023},[57,26067,9544],{"class":93},[57,26069,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26071,17476],{"class":63},[57,26073,68],{"class":67},[57,26075,14798],{"class":63},[57,26077,94],{"class":93},[57,26079,17157],{"class":97},[57,26081,212],{"class":93},[57,26083,26084],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26085,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26087,26088,26090,26092,26094],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26089,119],{"class":118},[57,26091,101],{"class":93},[57,26093,17157],{"class":97},[57,26095,112],{"class":93},[57,26097,26098],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,26099,26100],{"class":132},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26102,26103],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[48,26105,26107],{"className":50,"code":26106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26108,26109,26141,26159,26163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26110,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26112,9401],{"class":63},[57,26114,68],{"class":67},[57,26116,10725],{"class":93},[57,26118,104],{"class":71},[57,26120,293],{"class":75},[57,26122,104],{"class":71},[57,26124,1016],{"class":93},[57,26126,1143],{"class":1023},[57,26128,107],{"class":93},[57,26130,72],{"class":71},[57,26132,664],{"class":75},[57,26134,104],{"class":71},[57,26136,1016],{"class":93},[57,26138,1024],{"class":1023},[57,26140,9544],{"class":93},[57,26142,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26144,17476],{"class":63},[57,26146,68],{"class":67},[57,26148,22796],{"class":1256},[57,26150,101],{"class":93},[57,26152,9440],{"class":97},[57,26154,94],{"class":93},[57,26156,17157],{"class":97},[57,26158,383],{"class":93},[57,26160,26161],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26162,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26164,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26166,119],{"class":118},[57,26168,101],{"class":93},[57,26170,17157],{"class":97},[57,26172,258],{"class":93},[57,26174,1277],{"class":1023},[57,26176,1280],{"class":93},[43,26178,26180],{"id":26179},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26182,11346],{},[48,26184,26186],{"className":50,"code":26185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26187,26188,26202,26212,26226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26189,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26191,119],{"class":118},[57,26193,101],{"class":93},[57,26195,1257],{"class":1256},[57,26197,101],{"class":93},[57,26199,11681],{"class":97},[57,26201,640],{"class":93},[57,26203,26204,26206,26208,26210],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26205,119],{"class":118},[57,26207,101],{"class":93},[57,26209,11681],{"class":97},[57,26211,112],{"class":93},[57,26213,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26215,119],{"class":118},[57,26217,101],{"class":93},[57,26219,11681],{"class":97},[57,26221,94],{"class":93},[57,26223,17157],{"class":97},[57,26225,383],{"class":93},[57,26227,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26229,119],{"class":118},[57,26231,101],{"class":93},[57,26233,1188],{"class":1256},[57,26235,101],{"class":93},[57,26237,11681],{"class":97},[57,26239,94],{"class":93},[57,26241,17157],{"class":97},[57,26243,6524],{"class":93},[20,26245,26246],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,26248,26249,26252,26255,26260],{},[33,26250,26251],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,26253,26254],{},"what data it contains",[33,26256,26257,26258,1179],{},"what ",[15,26259,17299],{},[33,26261,26262],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[43,26264,2075],{"id":2074},[572,26266,24155,26268,5377],{"id":26267},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26269,17299],{},[20,26271,17656,26272,26274],{},[15,26273,17248],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[572,26276,15135,26278,26281],{"id":26277},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26279,26280],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26283,26284,26285,26287,26288,94],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26286,17248],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26289,26290],{},"list(dict.keys())",[572,26292,26294,26295,2085],{"id":26293},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26296,26280],{},[20,26298,26299,26300,26302],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26301,6191],{}," loop.",[572,26304,26306,26307,26309],{"id":26305},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26308,17299],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26311,26312,26313,26315],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26314,17299],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[572,26317,26319],{"id":26318},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26321,136,26322,94],{},[15,26323,26324],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[43,26326,2132],{"id":2131},[30,26328,26329,26334,26340,26346,26352,26356],{},[33,26330,26331],{},[293,26332,26333],{"href":9626},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,26335,26336],{},[293,26337,10971,26338,742],{"href":17302},[15,26339,17305],{},[33,26341,26342],{},[293,26343,10971,26344,742],{"href":17309},[15,26345,17312],{},[33,26347,26348],{},[293,26349,26351],{"href":26350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,26353,26354],{},[293,26355,17388],{"href":17387},[33,26357,26358],{},[293,26359,26360,26361,25921],{"href":25916},"How to fix ",[15,26362,25920],{},[2161,26364,26365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":26367},[26368,26369,26371,26372,26373,26374,26375,26377,26386,26387,26388,26399],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":24486,"depth":82,"text":26370},"What keys() does",{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":5663,"depth":82,"text":5664},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":25176,"depth":82,"text":25177},{"id":25332,"depth":82,"text":26376},"When to use keys()",{"id":25594,"depth":82,"text":25595,"children":26378},[26379,26381,26383,26385],{"id":25603,"depth":115,"text":26380},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25709,"depth":115,"text":26382},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25853,"depth":115,"text":26384},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25924,"depth":115,"text":25925},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":26179,"depth":82,"text":26180},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":26389},[26390,26392,26394,26396,26398],{"id":26267,"depth":115,"text":26391},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26277,"depth":115,"text":26393},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26293,"depth":115,"text":26395},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26305,"depth":115,"text":26397},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26318,"depth":115,"text":26319},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24308,"description":26400},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26406,"title":26407,"body":26408,"description":28681,"extension":2201,"meta":28682,"navigation":217,"path":28683,"seo":28684,"stem":28685,"__hash__":28686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26409,"toc":28634},[26410,26415,26420,26423,26425,26571,26584,26589,26593,26607,26609,26712,26721,26723,26726,26764,26789,26791,26898,26900,26907,26910,26918,26920,27061,27069,27074,27078,27089,27091,27253,27256,27264,27271,27277,27374,27380,27457,27460,27472,27477,27483,27486,27490,27579,27582,27586,27690,27697,27784,27793,27795,27800,27806,27809,27855,27858,27924,27933,27939,28032,28038,28044,28087,28090,28155,28161,28253,28256,28260,28266,28291,28294,28390,28397,28399,28404,28495,28497,28525,28530,28532,28539,28542,28546,28556,28561,28564,28571,28581,28588,28596,28598,28631],[10,26411,11550,26413,18],{"id":26412},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26414,12994],{},[20,26416,26417,26419],{},[15,26418,12801],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26421,26422],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[43,26424,3843],{"id":3842},[48,26426,26428],{"className":50,"code":26427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26429,26430,26466,26490,26504,26517,26521,26526,26558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26431,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26433,13435],{"class":63},[57,26435,68],{"class":67},[57,26437,10725],{"class":93},[57,26439,104],{"class":71},[57,26441,1056],{"class":75},[57,26443,104],{"class":71},[57,26445,1016],{"class":93},[57,26447,72],{"class":71},[57,26449,13112],{"class":75},[57,26451,104],{"class":71},[57,26453,107],{"class":93},[57,26455,72],{"class":71},[57,26457,1065],{"class":75},[57,26459,104],{"class":71},[57,26461,1016],{"class":93},[57,26463,9541],{"class":1023},[57,26465,9544],{"class":93},[57,26467,26468,26471,26473,26475,26477,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26469,26470],{"class":63},"removed_age ",[57,26472,68],{"class":67},[57,26474,13478],{"class":63},[57,26476,94],{"class":93},[57,26478,26479],{"class":97},"pop",[57,26481,101],{"class":93},[57,26483,104],{"class":71},[57,26485,1065],{"class":75},[57,26487,104],{"class":71},[57,26489,112],{"class":93},[57,26491,26492,26494,26496,26499,26501],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26493,119],{"class":118},[57,26495,101],{"class":93},[57,26497,26498],{"class":97},"removed_age",[57,26500,3896],{"class":93},[57,26502,26503],{"class":132},"   # 25\n",[57,26505,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26507,119],{"class":118},[57,26509,101],{"class":93},[57,26511,17541],{"class":97},[57,26513,3896],{"class":93},[57,26515,26516],{"class":132},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[57,26518,26519],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,26520,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26522,26523],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,26524,26525],{"class":132},"# Safe version with default value\n",[57,26527,26528,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26554,26556],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,26529,26530],{"class":63},"country ",[57,26532,68],{"class":67},[57,26534,13478],{"class":63},[57,26536,94],{"class":93},[57,26538,26479],{"class":97},[57,26540,101],{"class":93},[57,26542,104],{"class":71},[57,26544,15494],{"class":75},[57,26546,104],{"class":71},[57,26548,107],{"class":93},[57,26550,72],{"class":71},[57,26552,26553],{"class":75},"Not found",[57,26555,104],{"class":71},[57,26557,112],{"class":93},[57,26559,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,26561,119],{"class":118},[57,26563,101],{"class":93},[57,26565,15494],{"class":97},[57,26567,3896],{"class":93},[57,26569,26570],{"class":132},"       # Not found\n",[20,26572,136,26573,26576,26577,26580,26581,26583],{},[15,26574,26575],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26578,26579],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26582,19922],{}," when the key might not exist.",[43,26585,143,26587,146],{"id":26586},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26588,12801],{},[20,26590,26591,1016],{},[15,26592,12801],{},[30,26594,26595,26598,26601,26604],{},[33,26596,26597],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26599,26600],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26602,26603],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26605,26606],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26608,179],{},[48,26610,26612],{"className":50,"code":26611,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26613,26614,26654,26658,26681,26685,26699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26615,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26617,11720],{"class":63},[57,26619,68],{"class":67},[57,26621,10725],{"class":93},[57,26623,104],{"class":71},[57,26625,1056],{"class":75},[57,26627,104],{"class":71},[57,26629,1016],{"class":93},[57,26631,72],{"class":71},[57,26633,13452],{"class":75},[57,26635,104],{"class":71},[57,26637,107],{"class":93},[57,26639,72],{"class":71},[57,26641,10644],{"class":75},[57,26643,104],{"class":71},[57,26645,1016],{"class":93},[57,26647,72],{"class":71},[57,26649,10651],{"class":75},[57,26651,104],{"class":71},[57,26653,9544],{"class":93},[57,26655,26656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26657,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26659,26660,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26661,26662],{"class":63},"removed_city ",[57,26664,68],{"class":67},[57,26666,11803],{"class":63},[57,26668,94],{"class":93},[57,26670,26479],{"class":97},[57,26672,101],{"class":93},[57,26674,104],{"class":71},[57,26676,10644],{"class":75},[57,26678,104],{"class":71},[57,26680,112],{"class":93},[57,26682,26683],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26684,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26686,26687,26689,26691,26694,26696],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,26688,119],{"class":118},[57,26690,101],{"class":93},[57,26692,26693],{"class":97},"removed_city",[57,26695,3896],{"class":93},[57,26697,26698],{"class":132},"  # Paris\n",[57,26700,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,26702,119],{"class":118},[57,26704,101],{"class":93},[57,26706,11814],{"class":97},[57,26708,3896],{"class":93},[57,26710,26711],{"class":132},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26713,21006,26714,26717,26718,94],{},[15,26715,26716],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26719,26720],{},"\"Paris\"",[43,26722,300],{"id":299},[20,26724,26725],{},"There are two common forms:",[48,26727,26729],{"className":50,"code":26728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26730,26731,26745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26732,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26734,11681],{"class":63},[57,26736,94],{"class":93},[57,26738,26479],{"class":97},[57,26740,101],{"class":93},[57,26742,15073],{"class":97},[57,26744,112],{"class":93},[57,26746,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26762],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26748,11681],{"class":63},[57,26750,94],{"class":93},[57,26752,26479],{"class":97},[57,26754,101],{"class":93},[57,26756,15073],{"class":97},[57,26758,107],{"class":93},[57,26760,26761],{"class":97}," default",[57,26763,112],{"class":93},[30,26765,26766,26772,26780,26786],{},[33,26767,26768,26771],{},[15,26769,26770],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26773,26774,26776,26777,26779],{},[15,26775,26770],{}," raises ",[15,26778,19922],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26781,26782,26785],{},[15,26783,26784],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26787,26788],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26790,179],{},[48,26792,26794],{"className":50,"code":26793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26795,26796,26828,26832,26857,26885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26797,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26799,5296],{"class":63},[57,26801,68],{"class":67},[57,26803,10725],{"class":93},[57,26805,104],{"class":71},[57,26807,18651],{"class":75},[57,26809,104],{"class":71},[57,26811,1016],{"class":93},[57,26813,20133],{"class":1023},[57,26815,107],{"class":93},[57,26817,72],{"class":71},[57,26819,18660],{"class":75},[57,26821,104],{"class":71},[57,26823,1016],{"class":93},[57,26825,13738],{"class":1023},[57,26827,9544],{"class":93},[57,26829,26830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26831,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26833,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26835,119],{"class":118},[57,26837,101],{"class":93},[57,26839,16622],{"class":97},[57,26841,94],{"class":93},[57,26843,26479],{"class":97},[57,26845,101],{"class":93},[57,26847,104],{"class":71},[57,26849,18651],{"class":75},[57,26851,104],{"class":71},[57,26853,5594],{"class":93},[57,26855,26856],{"class":132},"         # 90\n",[57,26858,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26860,119],{"class":118},[57,26862,101],{"class":93},[57,26864,16622],{"class":97},[57,26866,94],{"class":93},[57,26868,26479],{"class":97},[57,26870,101],{"class":93},[57,26872,104],{"class":71},[57,26874,18669],{"class":75},[57,26876,104],{"class":71},[57,26878,107],{"class":93},[57,26880,4068],{"class":1023},[57,26882,5594],{"class":93},[57,26884,21003],{"class":132},[57,26886,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,26888,119],{"class":118},[57,26890,101],{"class":93},[57,26892,16622],{"class":97},[57,26894,3896],{"class":93},[57,26896,26897],{"class":132},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[43,26899,17653],{"id":17652},[20,26901,26902,14285,26904,26906],{},[15,26903,12994],{},[153,26905,175],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26908,26909],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26911,26912,26915],{},[33,26913,26914],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26916,26917],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26919,179],{},[48,26921,26923],{"className":50,"code":26922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26924,26925,26957,26961,26984,27016,27020,27034,27048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26926,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26928,9401],{"class":63},[57,26930,68],{"class":67},[57,26932,10725],{"class":93},[57,26934,104],{"class":71},[57,26936,293],{"class":75},[57,26938,104],{"class":71},[57,26940,1016],{"class":93},[57,26942,6238],{"class":1023},[57,26944,107],{"class":93},[57,26946,72],{"class":71},[57,26948,664],{"class":75},[57,26950,104],{"class":71},[57,26952,1016],{"class":93},[57,26954,8025],{"class":1023},[57,26956,9544],{"class":93},[57,26958,26959],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,26960,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,26962,26963,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,26964,26965],{"class":63},"result1 ",[57,26967,68],{"class":67},[57,26969,14798],{"class":63},[57,26971,94],{"class":93},[57,26973,26479],{"class":97},[57,26975,101],{"class":93},[57,26977,104],{"class":71},[57,26979,293],{"class":75},[57,26981,104],{"class":71},[57,26983,112],{"class":93},[57,26985,26986,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27012,27014],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,26987,26988],{"class":63},"result2 ",[57,26990,68],{"class":67},[57,26992,14798],{"class":63},[57,26994,94],{"class":93},[57,26996,26479],{"class":97},[57,26998,101],{"class":93},[57,27000,104],{"class":71},[57,27002,673],{"class":75},[57,27004,104],{"class":71},[57,27006,107],{"class":93},[57,27008,72],{"class":71},[57,27010,27011],{"class":75},"missing",[57,27013,104],{"class":71},[57,27015,112],{"class":93},[57,27017,27018],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27019,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27021,27022,27024,27026,27029,27031],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27023,119],{"class":118},[57,27025,101],{"class":93},[57,27027,27028],{"class":97},"result1",[57,27030,3896],{"class":93},[57,27032,27033],{"class":132},"  # 10\n",[57,27035,27036,27038,27040,27043,27045],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,27037,119],{"class":118},[57,27039,101],{"class":93},[57,27041,27042],{"class":97},"result2",[57,27044,3896],{"class":93},[57,27046,27047],{"class":132},"  # missing\n",[57,27049,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,27051,119],{"class":118},[57,27053,101],{"class":93},[57,27055,9440],{"class":97},[57,27057,3896],{"class":93},[57,27059,27060],{"class":132},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27062,27063,27064,6866],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[293,27065,27066],{"href":10970},[15,27067,27068],{},"dict.get()",[43,27070,1637,27072],{"id":27071},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27073,12994],{},[20,27075,136,27076,10835],{},[15,27077,12994],{},[30,27079,27080,27083,27086],{},[33,27081,27082],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,27084,27085],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,27087,27088],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27090,179],{},[48,27092,27094],{"className":50,"code":27093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27095,27096,27148,27152,27179,27183,27207,27211,27225,27239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27097,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27132,27134,27136,27139,27141,27143,27146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27099,25361],{"class":63},[57,27101,68],{"class":67},[57,27103,10725],{"class":93},[57,27105,104],{"class":71},[57,27107,1056],{"class":75},[57,27109,104],{"class":71},[57,27111,1016],{"class":93},[57,27113,72],{"class":71},[57,27115,27116],{"class":75},"Laptop",[57,27118,104],{"class":71},[57,27120,107],{"class":93},[57,27122,72],{"class":71},[57,27124,25387],{"class":75},[57,27126,104],{"class":71},[57,27128,1016],{"class":93},[57,27130,27131],{"class":1023}," 1200",[57,27133,107],{"class":93},[57,27135,72],{"class":71},[57,27137,27138],{"class":75},"discount",[57,27140,104],{"class":71},[57,27142,1016],{"class":93},[57,27144,27145],{"class":1023}," 200",[57,27147,9544],{"class":93},[57,27149,27150],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27151,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27153,27154,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27155,27156],{"class":63},"discount_amount ",[57,27158,68],{"class":67},[57,27160,25439],{"class":63},[57,27162,94],{"class":93},[57,27164,26479],{"class":97},[57,27166,101],{"class":93},[57,27168,104],{"class":71},[57,27170,27138],{"class":75},[57,27172,104],{"class":71},[57,27174,107],{"class":93},[57,27176,4068],{"class":1023},[57,27178,112],{"class":93},[57,27180,27181],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27182,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27184,27185,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27186,27187],{"class":63},"final_price ",[57,27189,68],{"class":67},[57,27191,25439],{"class":63},[57,27193,258],{"class":93},[57,27195,104],{"class":71},[57,27197,25387],{"class":75},[57,27199,104],{"class":71},[57,27201,13504],{"class":93},[57,27203,2455],{"class":67},[57,27205,27206],{"class":63}," discount_amount\n",[57,27208,27209],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27210,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27212,27213,27215,27217,27220,27222],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,27214,119],{"class":118},[57,27216,101],{"class":93},[57,27218,27219],{"class":97},"discount_amount",[57,27221,3896],{"class":93},[57,27223,27224],{"class":132},"  # 200\n",[57,27226,27227,27229,27231,27234,27236],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,27228,119],{"class":118},[57,27230,101],{"class":93},[57,27232,27233],{"class":97},"final_price",[57,27235,3896],{"class":93},[57,27237,27238],{"class":132},"      # 1000\n",[57,27240,27241,27243,27245,27248,27250],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,27242,119],{"class":118},[57,27244,101],{"class":93},[57,27246,27247],{"class":97},"product",[57,27249,3896],{"class":93},[57,27251,27252],{"class":132},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27254,27255],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[43,27257,27259,577,27261],{"id":27258},"pop-vs-del",[15,27260,12994],{},[15,27262,27263],{},"del",[20,27265,10824,27266,2082,27268,27270],{},[15,27267,12994],{},[15,27269,27263],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[572,27272,136,27274,27276],{"id":27273},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27275,12994],{}," when you need the removed value",[48,27278,27280],{"className":50,"code":27279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27281,27282,27318,27322,27344,27348,27361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27283,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27285,13435],{"class":63},[57,27287,68],{"class":67},[57,27289,10725],{"class":93},[57,27291,104],{"class":71},[57,27293,1056],{"class":75},[57,27295,104],{"class":71},[57,27297,1016],{"class":93},[57,27299,72],{"class":71},[57,27301,13112],{"class":75},[57,27303,104],{"class":71},[57,27305,107],{"class":93},[57,27307,72],{"class":71},[57,27309,1065],{"class":75},[57,27311,104],{"class":71},[57,27313,1016],{"class":93},[57,27315,9541],{"class":1023},[57,27317,9544],{"class":93},[57,27319,27320],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27321,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27325,21864],{"class":63},[57,27327,68],{"class":67},[57,27329,13478],{"class":63},[57,27331,94],{"class":93},[57,27333,26479],{"class":97},[57,27335,101],{"class":93},[57,27337,104],{"class":71},[57,27339,1065],{"class":75},[57,27341,104],{"class":71},[57,27343,112],{"class":93},[57,27345,27346],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27347,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27349,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27351,119],{"class":118},[57,27353,101],{"class":93},[57,27355,1065],{"class":97},[57,27357,3896],{"class":93},[57,27359,27360],{"class":132},"     # 25\n",[57,27362,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27364,119],{"class":118},[57,27366,101],{"class":93},[57,27368,17541],{"class":97},[57,27370,3896],{"class":93},[57,27372,27373],{"class":132},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[572,27375,136,27377,27379],{"id":27376},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27378,27263],{}," when you only want deletion",[48,27381,27383],{"className":50,"code":27382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27384,27385,27421,27425,27441,27445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27386,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27388,13435],{"class":63},[57,27390,68],{"class":67},[57,27392,10725],{"class":93},[57,27394,104],{"class":71},[57,27396,1056],{"class":75},[57,27398,104],{"class":71},[57,27400,1016],{"class":93},[57,27402,72],{"class":71},[57,27404,13112],{"class":75},[57,27406,104],{"class":71},[57,27408,107],{"class":93},[57,27410,72],{"class":71},[57,27412,1065],{"class":75},[57,27414,104],{"class":71},[57,27416,1016],{"class":93},[57,27418,9541],{"class":1023},[57,27420,9544],{"class":93},[57,27422,27423],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27424,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27426,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27428,27263],{"class":4110},[57,27430,13478],{"class":63},[57,27432,258],{"class":93},[57,27434,104],{"class":71},[57,27436,1065],{"class":75},[57,27438,104],{"class":71},[57,27440,288],{"class":93},[57,27442,27443],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27444,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27446,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27448,119],{"class":118},[57,27450,101],{"class":93},[57,27452,17541],{"class":97},[57,27454,3896],{"class":93},[57,27456,27373],{"class":132},[20,27458,27459],{},"Difference:",[30,27461,27462,27467],{},[33,27463,27464,27466],{},[15,27465,12994],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27468,27469,27471],{},[15,27470,27263],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27473,27474,27475,94],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[293,27476,12806],{"href":12805},[43,27478,27480,27481],{"id":27479},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27482,19922],{},[20,27484,27485],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[572,27487,27489],{"id":27488},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[48,27491,27493],{"className":50,"code":27492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27494,27495,27520,27524,27550,27554,27566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27516,27518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27498,11956],{"class":63},[57,27500,68],{"class":67},[57,27502,10725],{"class":93},[57,27504,104],{"class":71},[57,27506,1056],{"class":75},[57,27508,104],{"class":71},[57,27510,1016],{"class":93},[57,27512,72],{"class":71},[57,27514,27515],{"class":75},"Sara",[57,27517,104],{"class":71},[57,27519,9544],{"class":93},[57,27521,27522],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27523,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27527,2681],{"class":63},[57,27529,68],{"class":67},[57,27531,11998],{"class":63},[57,27533,94],{"class":93},[57,27535,26479],{"class":97},[57,27537,101],{"class":93},[57,27539,104],{"class":71},[57,27541,1065],{"class":75},[57,27543,104],{"class":71},[57,27545,107],{"class":93},[57,27547,4086],{"class":4085},[57,27549,112],{"class":93},[57,27551,27552],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27553,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27555,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27557,119],{"class":118},[57,27559,101],{"class":93},[57,27561,2708],{"class":97},[57,27563,3896],{"class":93},[57,27565,20796],{"class":132},[57,27567,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27569,119],{"class":118},[57,27571,101],{"class":93},[57,27573,11681],{"class":97},[57,27575,3896],{"class":93},[57,27577,27578],{"class":132}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27580,27581],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[572,27583,27585],{"id":27584},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[48,27587,27589],{"className":50,"code":27588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27590,27591,27615,27619,27635,27658,27668,27675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27594,11956],{"class":63},[57,27596,68],{"class":67},[57,27598,10725],{"class":93},[57,27600,104],{"class":71},[57,27602,1056],{"class":75},[57,27604,104],{"class":71},[57,27606,1016],{"class":93},[57,27608,72],{"class":71},[57,27610,27515],{"class":75},[57,27612,104],{"class":71},[57,27614,9544],{"class":93},[57,27616,27617],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27618,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27620,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27622,7233],{"class":4110},[57,27624,72],{"class":71},[57,27626,1065],{"class":75},[57,27628,104],{"class":71},[57,27630,21409],{"class":67},[57,27632,11998],{"class":63},[57,27634,6628],{"class":93},[57,27636,27637,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27638,27639],{"class":63},"    value ",[57,27641,68],{"class":67},[57,27643,11998],{"class":63},[57,27645,94],{"class":93},[57,27647,26479],{"class":97},[57,27649,101],{"class":93},[57,27651,104],{"class":71},[57,27653,1065],{"class":75},[57,27655,104],{"class":71},[57,27657,112],{"class":93},[57,27659,27660,27662,27664,27666],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27661,8304],{"class":118},[57,27663,101],{"class":93},[57,27665,2708],{"class":97},[57,27667,112],{"class":93},[57,27669,27670,27673],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27671,27672],{"class":4110},"else",[57,27674,6628],{"class":93},[57,27676,27677,27679,27681,27683,27686,27688],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,27678,8304],{"class":118},[57,27680,101],{"class":93},[57,27682,104],{"class":71},[57,27684,27685],{"class":75},"Key not found",[57,27687,104],{"class":71},[57,27689,112],{"class":93},[572,27691,27693,27694,27696],{"id":27692},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27695,10974],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[48,27698,27700],{"className":50,"code":27699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27701,27702,27726,27730,27756,27760,27772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27703,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27705,11956],{"class":63},[57,27707,68],{"class":67},[57,27709,10725],{"class":93},[57,27711,104],{"class":71},[57,27713,1056],{"class":75},[57,27715,104],{"class":71},[57,27717,1016],{"class":93},[57,27719,72],{"class":71},[57,27721,27515],{"class":75},[57,27723,104],{"class":71},[57,27725,9544],{"class":93},[57,27727,27728],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27729,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27731,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27733,2681],{"class":63},[57,27735,68],{"class":67},[57,27737,11998],{"class":63},[57,27739,94],{"class":93},[57,27741,19985],{"class":97},[57,27743,101],{"class":93},[57,27745,104],{"class":71},[57,27747,1065],{"class":75},[57,27749,104],{"class":71},[57,27751,107],{"class":93},[57,27753,4086],{"class":4085},[57,27755,112],{"class":93},[57,27757,27758],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,27759,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27761,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,27763,119],{"class":118},[57,27765,101],{"class":93},[57,27767,2708],{"class":97},[57,27769,3896],{"class":93},[57,27771,20796],{"class":132},[57,27773,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,27775,119],{"class":118},[57,27777,101],{"class":93},[57,27779,11681],{"class":97},[57,27781,3896],{"class":93},[57,27783,27578],{"class":132},[20,27785,136,27786,27790,27791,94],{},[293,27787,27788],{"href":10970},[15,27789,27068],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[293,27792,11494],{"href":11307},[43,27794,4751],{"id":4750},[20,27796,27797,27798,94],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27799,12801],{},[572,27801,26012,27803,27805],{"id":27802},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27804,12994],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27807,27808],{},"Lists use indexes:",[48,27810,27812],{"className":50,"code":27811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27813,27814,27834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27815,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27817,3853],{"class":63},[57,27819,68],{"class":67},[57,27821,1380],{"class":93},[57,27823,941],{"class":1023},[57,27825,107],{"class":93},[57,27827,8025],{"class":1023},[57,27829,107],{"class":93},[57,27831,8030],{"class":1023},[57,27833,288],{"class":93},[57,27835,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27837,119],{"class":118},[57,27839,101],{"class":93},[57,27841,3883],{"class":97},[57,27843,94],{"class":93},[57,27845,26479],{"class":97},[57,27847,101],{"class":93},[57,27849,3224],{"class":1023},[57,27851,5594],{"class":93},[57,27853,27854],{"class":132},"  # 20\n",[20,27856,27857],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[48,27859,27861],{"className":50,"code":27860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27862,27863,27899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27864,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27866,13435],{"class":63},[57,27868,68],{"class":67},[57,27870,10725],{"class":93},[57,27872,104],{"class":71},[57,27874,1056],{"class":75},[57,27876,104],{"class":71},[57,27878,1016],{"class":93},[57,27880,72],{"class":71},[57,27882,13112],{"class":75},[57,27884,104],{"class":71},[57,27886,107],{"class":93},[57,27888,72],{"class":71},[57,27890,1065],{"class":75},[57,27892,104],{"class":71},[57,27894,1016],{"class":93},[57,27896,9541],{"class":1023},[57,27898,9544],{"class":93},[57,27900,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27902,119],{"class":118},[57,27904,101],{"class":93},[57,27906,17541],{"class":97},[57,27908,94],{"class":93},[57,27910,26479],{"class":97},[57,27912,101],{"class":93},[57,27914,104],{"class":71},[57,27916,1065],{"class":75},[57,27918,104],{"class":71},[57,27920,5594],{"class":93},[57,27922,27923],{"class":132},"  # 25\n",[20,27925,27926,27927,27929,27930,27932],{},"A dictionary does ",[153,27928,175],{}," use positions with ",[15,27931,12994],{},". It uses keys.",[572,27934,4937,27936,27938],{"id":27935},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27937,12994],{}," changes the original dictionary",[48,27940,27942],{"className":50,"code":27941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27943,27944,27976,27980,28002,28006,28019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27945,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27947,9401],{"class":63},[57,27949,68],{"class":67},[57,27951,10725],{"class":93},[57,27953,104],{"class":71},[57,27955,2409],{"class":75},[57,27957,104],{"class":71},[57,27959,1016],{"class":93},[57,27961,1143],{"class":1023},[57,27963,107],{"class":93},[57,27965,72],{"class":71},[57,27967,11977],{"class":75},[57,27969,104],{"class":71},[57,27971,1016],{"class":93},[57,27973,1024],{"class":1023},[57,27975,9544],{"class":93},[57,27977,27978],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,27979,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,27981,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,27983,2681],{"class":63},[57,27985,68],{"class":67},[57,27987,14798],{"class":63},[57,27989,94],{"class":93},[57,27991,26479],{"class":97},[57,27993,101],{"class":93},[57,27995,104],{"class":71},[57,27997,2409],{"class":75},[57,27999,104],{"class":71},[57,28001,112],{"class":93},[57,28003,28004],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28005,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28007,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,28009,119],{"class":118},[57,28011,101],{"class":93},[57,28013,2708],{"class":97},[57,28015,3896],{"class":93},[57,28017,28018],{"class":132},"  # 1\n",[57,28020,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,28022,119],{"class":118},[57,28024,101],{"class":93},[57,28026,9440],{"class":97},[57,28028,3896],{"class":93},[57,28030,28031],{"class":132},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28033,28034,28035,28037],{},"After ",[15,28036,12994],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[572,28039,425,28041,28043],{"id":28040},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28042,12994],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[48,28045,28047],{"className":50,"code":28046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28048,28049,28073,28077,28082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28050,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28052,9401],{"class":63},[57,28054,68],{"class":67},[57,28056,10725],{"class":93},[57,28058,104],{"class":71},[57,28060,1056],{"class":75},[57,28062,104],{"class":71},[57,28064,1016],{"class":93},[57,28066,72],{"class":71},[57,28068,8156],{"class":75},[57,28070,104],{"class":71},[57,28072,9544],{"class":93},[57,28074,28075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28076,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28078,28079],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28080,28081],{"class":132},"# This causes an error\n",[57,28083,28084],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28085,28086],{"class":132},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28088,28089],{},"Safer version:",[48,28091,28093],{"className":50,"code":28092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28094,28095,28119,28123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28096,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28098,9401],{"class":63},[57,28100,68],{"class":67},[57,28102,10725],{"class":93},[57,28104,104],{"class":71},[57,28106,1056],{"class":75},[57,28108,104],{"class":71},[57,28110,1016],{"class":93},[57,28112,72],{"class":71},[57,28114,8156],{"class":75},[57,28116,104],{"class":71},[57,28118,9544],{"class":93},[57,28120,28121],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28122,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28124,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28126,119],{"class":118},[57,28128,101],{"class":93},[57,28130,9440],{"class":97},[57,28132,94],{"class":93},[57,28134,26479],{"class":97},[57,28136,101],{"class":93},[57,28138,104],{"class":71},[57,28140,1065],{"class":75},[57,28142,104],{"class":71},[57,28144,107],{"class":93},[57,28146,72],{"class":71},[57,28148,27011],{"class":75},[57,28150,104],{"class":71},[57,28152,5594],{"class":93},[57,28154,27047],{"class":132},[572,28156,8688,28158,28160],{"id":28157},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28159,12994],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[48,28162,28164],{"className":50,"code":28163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28165,28166,28198,28202,28224,28228,28240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28167,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28169,9401],{"class":63},[57,28171,68],{"class":67},[57,28173,10725],{"class":93},[57,28175,104],{"class":71},[57,28177,293],{"class":75},[57,28179,104],{"class":71},[57,28181,1016],{"class":93},[57,28183,1143],{"class":1023},[57,28185,107],{"class":93},[57,28187,72],{"class":71},[57,28189,664],{"class":75},[57,28191,104],{"class":71},[57,28193,1016],{"class":93},[57,28195,1024],{"class":1023},[57,28197,9544],{"class":93},[57,28199,28200],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28201,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28203,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28205,2463],{"class":63},[57,28207,68],{"class":67},[57,28209,14798],{"class":63},[57,28211,94],{"class":93},[57,28213,26479],{"class":97},[57,28215,101],{"class":93},[57,28217,104],{"class":71},[57,28219,293],{"class":75},[57,28221,104],{"class":71},[57,28223,112],{"class":93},[57,28225,28226],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28227,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28229,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,28231,119],{"class":118},[57,28233,101],{"class":93},[57,28235,2498],{"class":97},[57,28237,3896],{"class":93},[57,28239,28018],{"class":132},[57,28241,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,28243,119],{"class":118},[57,28245,101],{"class":93},[57,28247,9440],{"class":97},[57,28249,3896],{"class":93},[57,28251,28252],{"class":132},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28254,28255],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[43,28257,28259],{"id":28258},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28261,28262,28263,28265],{},"Problems with ",[15,28264,12801],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,28267,28268,28271,28280,28283],{},[33,28269,28270],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,28272,28273,28274,28277,28278],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28275,28276],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28279,26575],{},[33,28281,28282],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,28284,28285,28286,11325,28288],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28287,3224],{},[15,28289,28290],{},"\"1\"",[20,28292,28293],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[48,28295,28297],{"className":50,"code":28296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28298,28299,28323,28327,28357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28300,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28302,9401],{"class":63},[57,28304,68],{"class":67},[57,28306,10725],{"class":93},[57,28308,104],{"class":71},[57,28310,3224],{"class":75},[57,28312,104],{"class":71},[57,28314,1016],{"class":93},[57,28316,72],{"class":71},[57,28318,399],{"class":75},[57,28320,104],{"class":71},[57,28322,9544],{"class":93},[57,28324,28325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28326,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28328,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28350,28352,28354],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28330,119],{"class":118},[57,28332,101],{"class":93},[57,28334,9440],{"class":97},[57,28336,94],{"class":93},[57,28338,26479],{"class":97},[57,28340,101],{"class":93},[57,28342,3224],{"class":1023},[57,28344,107],{"class":93},[57,28346,72],{"class":71},[57,28348,28349],{"class":75},"not found",[57,28351,104],{"class":71},[57,28353,5594],{"class":93},[57,28355,28356],{"class":132},"    # not found\n",[57,28358,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28360,119],{"class":118},[57,28362,101],{"class":93},[57,28364,9440],{"class":97},[57,28366,94],{"class":93},[57,28368,26479],{"class":97},[57,28370,101],{"class":93},[57,28372,104],{"class":71},[57,28374,3224],{"class":75},[57,28376,104],{"class":71},[57,28378,107],{"class":93},[57,28380,72],{"class":71},[57,28382,28349],{"class":75},[57,28384,104],{"class":71},[57,28386,5594],{"class":93},[57,28388,28389],{"class":132},"  # one\n",[20,28391,28392,2082,28394,28396],{},[15,28393,3224],{},[15,28395,28290],{}," are different keys.",[43,28398,9108],{"id":9107},[20,28400,345,28401,28403],{},[15,28402,12994],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,28405,28407],{"className":50,"code":28406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28408,28409,28419,28433,28451,28481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28410,28411,28413,28415,28417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28412,119],{"class":118},[57,28414,101],{"class":93},[57,28416,11681],{"class":97},[57,28418,112],{"class":93},[57,28420,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28422,119],{"class":118},[57,28424,101],{"class":93},[57,28426,11681],{"class":97},[57,28428,94],{"class":93},[57,28430,17157],{"class":97},[57,28432,383],{"class":93},[57,28434,28435,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28436,119],{"class":118},[57,28438,101],{"class":93},[57,28440,261],{"class":71},[57,28442,1056],{"class":75},[57,28444,261],{"class":71},[57,28446,21409],{"class":4110},[57,28448,11998],{"class":97},[57,28450,112],{"class":93},[57,28452,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28454,119],{"class":118},[57,28456,101],{"class":93},[57,28458,11681],{"class":97},[57,28460,94],{"class":93},[57,28462,26479],{"class":97},[57,28464,101],{"class":93},[57,28466,261],{"class":71},[57,28468,1056],{"class":75},[57,28470,261],{"class":71},[57,28472,107],{"class":93},[57,28474,271],{"class":71},[57,28476,27011],{"class":75},[57,28478,261],{"class":71},[57,28480,640],{"class":93},[57,28482,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,28484,119],{"class":118},[57,28486,101],{"class":93},[57,28488,1257],{"class":1256},[57,28490,101],{"class":93},[57,28492,11681],{"class":97},[57,28494,640],{"class":93},[20,28496,21572],{},[30,28498,28499,28504,28509,28514,28520],{},[33,28500,28501,28503],{},[15,28502,12911],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28505,28506,28508],{},[15,28507,21584],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28510,28511,28513],{},[15,28512,21590],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28515,28516,28519],{},[15,28517,28518],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28521,28522,28524],{},[15,28523,12917],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28526,28527,28528,94],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[293,28529,9627],{"href":9626},[43,28531,2075],{"id":2074},[572,28533,28535,28536,28538],{"id":28534},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28537,12994],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28540,28541],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[572,28543,28545],{"id":28544},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28547,28548,26776,28550,28552,28553,28555],{},[15,28549,26575],{},[15,28551,19922],{},". ",[15,28554,26579],{}," returns the default value instead.",[572,28557,2099,28559,15128],{"id":28558},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28560,12994],{},[20,28562,28563],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[572,28565,28567,28568,28570],{"id":28566},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28569,12994],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28572,28573,28574,28576,28577,94],{},"Not with ",[15,28575,12801],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[293,28578,28579],{"href":12812},[15,28580,13001],{},[572,28582,2079,28584,2082,28586,2085],{"id":28583},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28585,10974],{},[15,28587,12994],{},[20,28589,28590,28592,28593,28595],{},[15,28591,10974],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28594,12994],{}," reads and removes it.",[43,28597,2132],{"id":2131},[30,28599,28600,28606,28613,28617,28621,28625],{},[33,28601,28602],{},[293,28603,28604],{"href":10970},[15,28605,19903],{},[33,28607,28608],{},[293,28609,28610],{"href":12812},[15,28611,28612],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28614,28615],{},[293,28616,13018],{"href":12805},[33,28618,28619],{},[293,28620,21693],{"href":16830},[33,28622,28623],{},[293,28624,11494],{"href":11307},[33,28626,28627],{},[293,28628,28630],{"href":28629},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2161,28632,28633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":28635},[28636,28637,28639,28640,28641,28643,28650,28657,28667,28668,28669,28680],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":26586,"depth":82,"text":28638},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":27071,"depth":82,"text":28642},"When to use pop()",{"id":27258,"depth":82,"text":28644,"children":28645},"pop() vs del",[28646,28648],{"id":27273,"depth":115,"text":28647},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27376,"depth":115,"text":28649},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27479,"depth":82,"text":28651,"children":28652},"How to avoid KeyError",[28653,28654,28655],{"id":27488,"depth":115,"text":27489},{"id":27584,"depth":115,"text":27585},{"id":27692,"depth":115,"text":28656},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":28658},[28659,28661,28663,28665],{"id":27802,"depth":115,"text":28660},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27935,"depth":115,"text":28662},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28040,"depth":115,"text":28664},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28157,"depth":115,"text":28666},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28258,"depth":82,"text":28259},{"id":9107,"depth":82,"text":9108},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":28670},[28671,28673,28674,28676,28678],{"id":28534,"depth":115,"text":28672},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28544,"depth":115,"text":28545},{"id":28558,"depth":115,"text":28675},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28566,"depth":115,"text":28677},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28583,"depth":115,"text":28679},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26407,"description":28681},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28688,"title":28612,"body":28689,"description":30628,"extension":2201,"meta":30629,"navigation":217,"path":30630,"seo":30631,"stem":30632,"__hash__":30633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28690,"toc":30592},[28691,28696,28701,28704,28712,28722,28724,28813,28817,28866,28871,28876,28880,28896,28899,28901,28916,28918,28934,28941,28945,28951,28960,28962,29031,29035,29056,29059,29078,29081,29104,29106,29109,29224,29228,29287,29294,29298,29303,29428,29432,29482,29485,29489,29496,29498,29561,29565,29586,29589,29598,29613,29621,29628,29632,29644,29648,29659,29661,29807,29811,29870,29877,29882,29886,29892,29915,29920,29939,29943,30014,30021,30094,30103,30108,30113,30124,30127,30264,30269,30301,30306,30308,30312,30372,30375,30432,30435,30478,30480,30485,30491,30497,30500,30507,30515,30520,30523,30530,30538,30540,30589],[10,28692,11550,28694,18],{"id":28693},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28695,13001],{},[20,28697,2218,28698,28700],{},[15,28699,13001],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28702,28703],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28705,28706,28709],{},[33,28707,28708],{},"remove an item",[33,28710,28711],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28713,28714,28715,28717,28718,28721],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28716,13001],{}," removes the ",[153,28719,28720],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[43,28723,46],{"id":45},[48,28725,28727],{"className":50,"code":28726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28728,28729,28773,28789,28793,28803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28730,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28732,9401],{"class":63},[57,28734,68],{"class":67},[57,28736,10725],{"class":93},[57,28738,104],{"class":71},[57,28740,293],{"class":75},[57,28742,104],{"class":71},[57,28744,1016],{"class":93},[57,28746,1143],{"class":1023},[57,28748,107],{"class":93},[57,28750,72],{"class":71},[57,28752,664],{"class":75},[57,28754,104],{"class":71},[57,28756,1016],{"class":93},[57,28758,1024],{"class":1023},[57,28760,107],{"class":93},[57,28762,72],{"class":71},[57,28764,673],{"class":75},[57,28766,104],{"class":71},[57,28768,1016],{"class":93},[57,28770,2686],{"class":1023},[57,28772,9544],{"class":93},[57,28774,28775,28778,28780,28782,28784,28787],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28776,28777],{"class":63},"item ",[57,28779,68],{"class":67},[57,28781,14798],{"class":63},[57,28783,94],{"class":93},[57,28785,28786],{"class":97},"popitem",[57,28788,212],{"class":93},[57,28790,28791],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,28792,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,28794,28795,28797,28799,28801],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,28796,119],{"class":118},[57,28798,101],{"class":93},[57,28800,23547],{"class":97},[57,28802,112],{"class":93},[57,28804,28805,28807,28809,28811],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,28806,119],{"class":118},[57,28808,101],{"class":93},[57,28810,9440],{"class":97},[57,28812,112],{"class":93},[20,28814,28815],{},[153,28816,243],{},[48,28818,28820],{"className":50,"code":28819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28821,28822,28838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28823,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28825,101],{"class":93},[57,28827,261],{"class":71},[57,28829,673],{"class":75},[57,28831,261],{"class":71},[57,28833,107],{"class":93},[57,28835,2686],{"class":1023},[57,28837,112],{"class":93},[57,28839,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,28841,9514],{"class":93},[57,28843,261],{"class":71},[57,28845,293],{"class":75},[57,28847,261],{"class":71},[57,28849,1016],{"class":93},[57,28851,1143],{"class":1023},[57,28853,107],{"class":93},[57,28855,271],{"class":71},[57,28857,664],{"class":75},[57,28859,261],{"class":71},[57,28861,1016],{"class":93},[57,28863,1024],{"class":1023},[57,28865,9544],{"class":93},[20,28867,28868,28870],{},[15,28869,13001],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[43,28872,143,28874,146],{"id":28873},"what-popitem-does",[15,28875,13001],{},[20,28877,28878,1016],{},[15,28879,13001],{},[30,28881,28882,28885,28890,28893],{},[33,28883,28884],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28886,28887,28888],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28889,21891],{},[33,28891,28892],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28894,28895],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28897,28898],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[43,28900,300],{"id":299},[48,28902,28904],{"className":50,"code":28903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28905,28906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28907,28908,28910,28912,28914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28909,15837],{"class":63},[57,28911,94],{"class":93},[57,28913,28786],{"class":97},[57,28915,212],{"class":93},[20,28917,11690],{},[30,28919,28920,28928,28931],{},[33,28921,28922,28924,28925],{},[15,28923,13001],{}," takes ",[153,28926,28927],{},"no arguments",[33,28929,28930],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28932,28933],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28935,28936,28937,6866],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[293,28938,28939],{"href":12798},[15,28940,12994],{},[43,28942,28944],{"id":28943},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28946,28947,28948,28950],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28949,13001],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28952,28953,28954,28957],"ol",{},[33,28955,28956],{},"the key",[33,28958,28959],{},"the value",[20,28961,179],{},[48,28963,28965],{"className":50,"code":28964,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28966,28967,29003,29017,29021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28968,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28970,13435],{"class":63},[57,28972,68],{"class":67},[57,28974,10725],{"class":93},[57,28976,104],{"class":71},[57,28978,1056],{"class":75},[57,28980,104],{"class":71},[57,28982,1016],{"class":93},[57,28984,72],{"class":71},[57,28986,5236],{"class":75},[57,28988,104],{"class":71},[57,28990,107],{"class":93},[57,28992,72],{"class":71},[57,28994,1065],{"class":75},[57,28996,104],{"class":71},[57,28998,1016],{"class":93},[57,29000,9541],{"class":1023},[57,29002,9544],{"class":93},[57,29004,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29006,2463],{"class":63},[57,29008,68],{"class":67},[57,29010,13478],{"class":63},[57,29012,94],{"class":93},[57,29014,28786],{"class":97},[57,29016,212],{"class":93},[57,29018,29019],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29020,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29022,29023,29025,29027,29029],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,29024,119],{"class":118},[57,29026,101],{"class":93},[57,29028,2498],{"class":97},[57,29030,112],{"class":93},[20,29032,29033],{},[153,29034,243],{},[48,29036,29038],{"className":50,"code":29037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29039,29040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29041,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29043,101],{"class":93},[57,29045,261],{"class":71},[57,29047,1065],{"class":75},[57,29049,261],{"class":71},[57,29051,107],{"class":93},[57,29053,9541],{"class":1023},[57,29055,112],{"class":93},[20,29057,29058],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[48,29060,29062],{"className":50,"code":29061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29063,29064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29065,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29067,2463],{"class":63},[57,29069,68],{"class":67},[57,29071,13478],{"class":63},[57,29073,94],{"class":93},[57,29075,28786],{"class":97},[57,29077,212],{"class":93},[20,29079,29080],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[48,29082,29084],{"className":50,"code":29083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29085,29086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29087,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29089,15073],{"class":63},[57,29091,107],{"class":93},[57,29093,21820],{"class":63},[57,29095,68],{"class":67},[57,29097,13478],{"class":63},[57,29099,94],{"class":93},[57,29101,28786],{"class":97},[57,29103,212],{"class":93},[43,29105,11707],{"id":11706},[20,29107,29108],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[48,29110,29112],{"className":50,"code":29111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29113,29114,29162,29166,29181,29185,29205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29115,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29146,29148,29150,29153,29155,29157,29160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29117,5296],{"class":63},[57,29119,68],{"class":67},[57,29121,10725],{"class":93},[57,29123,104],{"class":71},[57,29125,29126],{"class":75},"Tom",[57,29128,104],{"class":71},[57,29130,1016],{"class":93},[57,29132,5308],{"class":1023},[57,29134,107],{"class":93},[57,29136,72],{"class":71},[57,29138,13112],{"class":75},[57,29140,104],{"class":71},[57,29142,1016],{"class":93},[57,29144,29145],{"class":1023}," 95",[57,29147,107],{"class":93},[57,29149,72],{"class":71},[57,29151,29152],{"class":75},"Leo",[57,29154,104],{"class":71},[57,29156,1016],{"class":93},[57,29158,29159],{"class":1023}," 88",[57,29161,9544],{"class":93},[57,29163,29164],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29165,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29167,29168,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29169,29170],{"class":63},"removed_pair ",[57,29172,68],{"class":67},[57,29174,5343],{"class":63},[57,29176,94],{"class":93},[57,29178,28786],{"class":97},[57,29180,212],{"class":93},[57,29182,29183],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,29184,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29186,29187,29189,29191,29193,29196,29198,29200,29203],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,29188,119],{"class":118},[57,29190,101],{"class":93},[57,29192,104],{"class":71},[57,29194,29195],{"class":75},"Removed:",[57,29197,104],{"class":71},[57,29199,107],{"class":93},[57,29201,29202],{"class":97}," removed_pair",[57,29204,112],{"class":93},[57,29206,29207,29209,29211,29213,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,29208,119],{"class":118},[57,29210,101],{"class":93},[57,29212,104],{"class":71},[57,29214,29215],{"class":75},"After removal:",[57,29217,104],{"class":71},[57,29219,107],{"class":93},[57,29221,5343],{"class":97},[57,29223,112],{"class":93},[20,29225,29226],{},[153,29227,243],{},[48,29229,29231],{"className":50,"code":29230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29232,29233,29254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29234,29235,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29236,29237],{"class":63},"Removed",[57,29239,1016],{"class":93},[57,29241,9472],{"class":93},[57,29243,261],{"class":71},[57,29245,29152],{"class":75},[57,29247,261],{"class":71},[57,29249,107],{"class":93},[57,29251,29159],{"class":1023},[57,29253,112],{"class":93},[57,29255,29256,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29257,29258],{"class":63},"After removal",[57,29260,1016],{"class":93},[57,29262,10725],{"class":93},[57,29264,261],{"class":71},[57,29266,29126],{"class":75},[57,29268,261],{"class":71},[57,29270,1016],{"class":93},[57,29272,5308],{"class":1023},[57,29274,107],{"class":93},[57,29276,271],{"class":71},[57,29278,13112],{"class":75},[57,29280,261],{"class":71},[57,29282,1016],{"class":93},[57,29284,29145],{"class":1023},[57,29286,9544],{"class":93},[20,29288,29289,29290,29293],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29291,29292],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[43,29295,29297],{"id":29296},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29299,2125,29300,29302],{},[15,29301,13001],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[48,29304,29306],{"className":50,"code":29305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29307,29308,29344,29348,29367,29371,29390,29409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29309,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29311,15680],{"class":63},[57,29313,68],{"class":67},[57,29315,10725],{"class":93},[57,29317,104],{"class":71},[57,29319,15691],{"class":75},[57,29321,104],{"class":71},[57,29323,1016],{"class":93},[57,29325,72],{"class":71},[57,29327,15700],{"class":75},[57,29329,104],{"class":71},[57,29331,107],{"class":93},[57,29333,72],{"class":71},[57,29335,15711],{"class":75},[57,29337,104],{"class":71},[57,29339,1016],{"class":93},[57,29341,27145],{"class":1023},[57,29343,9544],{"class":93},[57,29345,29346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29347,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29349,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29361,29363,29365],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29351,15073],{"class":63},[57,29353,107],{"class":93},[57,29355,21820],{"class":63},[57,29357,68],{"class":67},[57,29359,29360],{"class":63}," book",[57,29362,94],{"class":93},[57,29364,28786],{"class":97},[57,29366,212],{"class":93},[57,29368,29369],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,29370,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29372,29373,29375,29377,29379,29382,29384,29386,29388],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,29374,119],{"class":118},[57,29376,101],{"class":93},[57,29378,104],{"class":71},[57,29380,29381],{"class":75},"Key:",[57,29383,104],{"class":71},[57,29385,107],{"class":93},[57,29387,21815],{"class":97},[57,29389,112],{"class":93},[57,29391,29392,29394,29396,29398,29401,29403,29405,29407],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,29393,119],{"class":118},[57,29395,101],{"class":93},[57,29397,104],{"class":71},[57,29399,29400],{"class":75},"Value:",[57,29402,104],{"class":71},[57,29404,107],{"class":93},[57,29406,8668],{"class":97},[57,29408,112],{"class":93},[57,29410,29411,29413,29415,29417,29420,29422,29424,29426],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,29412,119],{"class":118},[57,29414,101],{"class":93},[57,29416,104],{"class":71},[57,29418,29419],{"class":75},"Dictionary:",[57,29421,104],{"class":71},[57,29423,107],{"class":93},[57,29425,29360],{"class":97},[57,29427,112],{"class":93},[20,29429,29430],{},[153,29431,243],{},[48,29433,29435],{"className":50,"code":29434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29436,29437,29447,29457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29438,29439,29442,29444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29440,29441],{"class":63},"Key",[57,29443,1016],{"class":93},[57,29445,29446],{"class":63}," pages\n",[57,29448,29449,29452,29454],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29450,29451],{"class":63},"Value",[57,29453,1016],{"class":93},[57,29455,29456],{"class":1023}," 200\n",[57,29458,29459,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29460,29461],{"class":63},"Dictionary",[57,29463,1016],{"class":93},[57,29465,10725],{"class":93},[57,29467,261],{"class":71},[57,29469,15691],{"class":75},[57,29471,261],{"class":71},[57,29473,1016],{"class":93},[57,29475,271],{"class":71},[57,29477,15700],{"class":75},[57,29479,261],{"class":71},[57,29481,9544],{"class":93},[20,29483,29484],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[43,29486,29488],{"id":29487},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29490,29491,29492,28717,29494,94],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29493,13001],{},[153,29495,28720],{},[20,29497,179],{},[48,29499,29501],{"className":50,"code":29500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29502,29503,29547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29504,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29506,9401],{"class":63},[57,29508,68],{"class":67},[57,29510,10725],{"class":93},[57,29512,104],{"class":71},[57,29514,2409],{"class":75},[57,29516,104],{"class":71},[57,29518,1016],{"class":93},[57,29520,1143],{"class":1023},[57,29522,107],{"class":93},[57,29524,72],{"class":71},[57,29526,11977],{"class":75},[57,29528,104],{"class":71},[57,29530,1016],{"class":93},[57,29532,1024],{"class":1023},[57,29534,107],{"class":93},[57,29536,72],{"class":71},[57,29538,22313],{"class":75},[57,29540,104],{"class":71},[57,29542,1016],{"class":93},[57,29544,2686],{"class":1023},[57,29546,9544],{"class":93},[57,29548,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29550,119],{"class":118},[57,29552,101],{"class":93},[57,29554,9440],{"class":97},[57,29556,94],{"class":93},[57,29558,28786],{"class":97},[57,29560,383],{"class":93},[20,29562,29563],{},[153,29564,243],{},[48,29566,29568],{"className":50,"code":29567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29569,29570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29571,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29573,101],{"class":93},[57,29575,261],{"class":71},[57,29577,22313],{"class":75},[57,29579,261],{"class":71},[57,29581,107],{"class":93},[57,29583,2686],{"class":1023},[57,29585,112],{"class":93},[20,29587,29588],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29590,29591,29592,29594,29595,29597],{},"As a beginner, do ",[153,29593,175],{}," think of ",[15,29596,13001],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29599,29600,29601,754,29605,17306,29609,94],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[293,29602,29603],{"href":17309},[15,29604,17312],{},[293,29606,29607],{"href":17296},[15,29608,17299],{},[293,29610,29611],{"href":17302},[15,29612,17305],{},[43,29614,29616,29617,2082,29619],{"id":29615},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29618,13001],{},[15,29620,12994],{},[20,29622,29623,2082,29625,29627],{},[15,29624,13001],{},[15,29626,12994],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[572,29629,29630],{"id":28786},[15,29631,13001],{},[30,29633,29634,29637,29640],{},[33,29635,29636],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29638,29639],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29641,3926,29642],{},[15,29643,21891],{},[572,29645,29646],{"id":26479},[15,29647,12994],{},[30,29649,29650,29653,29656],{},[33,29651,29652],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29654,29655],{},"needs the key name",[33,29657,29658],{},"returns only the value",[20,29660,179],{},[48,29662,29664],{"className":50,"code":29663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29665,29666,29710,29714,29728,29748,29752,29774,29793,29797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29667,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706,29708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29669,9401],{"class":63},[57,29671,68],{"class":67},[57,29673,10725],{"class":93},[57,29675,104],{"class":71},[57,29677,293],{"class":75},[57,29679,104],{"class":71},[57,29681,1016],{"class":93},[57,29683,1143],{"class":1023},[57,29685,107],{"class":93},[57,29687,72],{"class":71},[57,29689,664],{"class":75},[57,29691,104],{"class":71},[57,29693,1016],{"class":93},[57,29695,1024],{"class":1023},[57,29697,107],{"class":93},[57,29699,72],{"class":71},[57,29701,673],{"class":75},[57,29703,104],{"class":71},[57,29705,1016],{"class":93},[57,29707,2686],{"class":1023},[57,29709,9544],{"class":93},[57,29711,29712],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29713,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29717,28777],{"class":63},[57,29719,68],{"class":67},[57,29721,14798],{"class":63},[57,29723,94],{"class":93},[57,29725,28786],{"class":97},[57,29727,212],{"class":93},[57,29729,29730,29732,29734,29736,29739,29741,29743,29746],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,29731,119],{"class":118},[57,29733,101],{"class":93},[57,29735,104],{"class":71},[57,29737,29738],{"class":75},"popitem():",[57,29740,104],{"class":71},[57,29742,107],{"class":93},[57,29744,29745],{"class":97}," item",[57,29747,112],{"class":93},[57,29749,29750],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,29751,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,29755,2681],{"class":63},[57,29757,68],{"class":67},[57,29759,14798],{"class":63},[57,29761,94],{"class":93},[57,29763,26479],{"class":97},[57,29765,101],{"class":93},[57,29767,104],{"class":71},[57,29769,293],{"class":75},[57,29771,104],{"class":71},[57,29773,112],{"class":93},[57,29775,29776,29778,29780,29782,29785,29787,29789,29791],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,29777,119],{"class":118},[57,29779,101],{"class":93},[57,29781,104],{"class":71},[57,29783,29784],{"class":75},"pop('a'):",[57,29786,104],{"class":71},[57,29788,107],{"class":93},[57,29790,8668],{"class":97},[57,29792,112],{"class":93},[57,29794,29795],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,29796,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29798,29799,29801,29803,29805],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,29800,119],{"class":118},[57,29802,101],{"class":93},[57,29804,9440],{"class":97},[57,29806,112],{"class":93},[20,29808,29809],{},[153,29810,243],{},[48,29812,29814],{"className":50,"code":29813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29815,29816,29837,29854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29817,29818,29820,29823,29825,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29819,28786],{"class":97},[57,29821,29822],{"class":93},"():",[57,29824,9472],{"class":93},[57,29826,261],{"class":71},[57,29828,673],{"class":75},[57,29830,261],{"class":71},[57,29832,107],{"class":93},[57,29834,2686],{"class":1023},[57,29836,112],{"class":93},[57,29838,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29840,26479],{"class":97},[57,29842,101],{"class":93},[57,29844,261],{"class":71},[57,29846,293],{"class":75},[57,29848,261],{"class":71},[57,29850,16685],{"class":93},[57,29852,29853],{"class":1023}," 1\n",[57,29855,29856,29858,29860,29862,29864,29866,29868],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29857,9514],{"class":93},[57,29859,261],{"class":71},[57,29861,664],{"class":75},[57,29863,261],{"class":71},[57,29865,1016],{"class":93},[57,29867,1024],{"class":1023},[57,29869,9544],{"class":93},[20,29871,136,29872,29876],{},[293,29873,29874],{"href":12798},[15,29875,12994],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29878,136,29879,29881],{},[15,29880,13001],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[43,29883,29885],{"id":29884},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29887,29888,29889,29891],{},"Calling ",[15,29890,13001],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[48,29893,29895],{"className":50,"code":29894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29896,29897,29905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29898,29899,29901,29903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29900,9401],{"class":63},[57,29902,68],{"class":67},[57,29904,10073],{"class":93},[57,29906,29907,29909,29911,29913],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29908,9440],{"class":63},[57,29910,94],{"class":93},[57,29912,28786],{"class":97},[57,29914,212],{"class":93},[20,29916,29917],{},[153,29918,29919],{},"Error:",[48,29921,29923],{"className":50,"code":29922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29924,29925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29926,29927,29929,29931,29933,29936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29928,19922],{"class":1256},[57,29930,1016],{"class":93},[57,29932,271],{"class":71},[57,29934,29935],{"class":75},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[57,29937,29938],{"class":71},"'\n",[572,29940,29942],{"id":29941},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[48,29944,29946],{"className":50,"code":29945,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29947,29948,29956,29960,29968,29983,29993,29999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29949,29950,29952,29954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29951,9401],{"class":63},[57,29953,68],{"class":67},[57,29955,10073],{"class":93},[57,29957,29958],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,29959,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,29961,29962,29964,29966],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,29963,7233],{"class":4110},[57,29965,14798],{"class":63},[57,29967,6628],{"class":93},[57,29969,29970,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,29971,29972],{"class":63},"    item ",[57,29974,68],{"class":67},[57,29976,14798],{"class":63},[57,29978,94],{"class":93},[57,29980,28786],{"class":97},[57,29982,212],{"class":93},[57,29984,29985,29987,29989,29991],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,29986,8304],{"class":118},[57,29988,101],{"class":93},[57,29990,23547],{"class":97},[57,29992,112],{"class":93},[57,29994,29995,29997],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,29996,27672],{"class":4110},[57,29998,6628],{"class":93},[57,30000,30001,30003,30005,30007,30010,30012],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,30002,8304],{"class":118},[57,30004,101],{"class":93},[57,30006,104],{"class":71},[57,30008,30009],{"class":75},"Dictionary is empty",[57,30011,104],{"class":71},[57,30013,112],{"class":93},[572,30015,30017,30018],{"id":30016},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30019,30020],{},"try-except",[48,30022,30024],{"className":50,"code":30023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30025,30026,30034,30038,30045,30059,30069,30079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30027,30028,30030,30032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30029,9401],{"class":63},[57,30031,68],{"class":67},[57,30033,10073],{"class":93},[57,30035,30036],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30037,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,30039,30040,30043],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30041,30042],{"class":4110},"try",[57,30044,6628],{"class":93},[57,30046,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,30048,29972],{"class":63},[57,30050,68],{"class":67},[57,30052,14798],{"class":63},[57,30054,94],{"class":93},[57,30056,28786],{"class":97},[57,30058,212],{"class":93},[57,30060,30061,30063,30065,30067],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,30062,8304],{"class":118},[57,30064,101],{"class":93},[57,30066,23547],{"class":97},[57,30068,112],{"class":93},[57,30070,30071,30074,30077],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,30072,30073],{"class":4110},"except",[57,30075,30076],{"class":1256}," KeyError",[57,30078,6628],{"class":93},[57,30080,30081,30083,30085,30087,30090,30092],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,30082,8304],{"class":118},[57,30084,101],{"class":93},[57,30086,104],{"class":71},[57,30088,30089],{"class":75},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[57,30091,104],{"class":71},[57,30093,112],{"class":93},[20,30095,30096,30097,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[293,30098,25917,30100],{"href":30099},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30101,30102],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[43,30104,1637,30106],{"id":30105},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30107,13001],{},[20,30109,30110,30112],{},[15,30111,13001],{}," is useful when:",[30,30114,30115,30118,30121],{},[33,30116,30117],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,30119,30120],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,30122,30123],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30125,30126],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[48,30128,30130],{"className":50,"code":30129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30131,30132,30141,30161,30181,30199,30203,30207,30217,30236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30133,30134,30137,30139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30135,30136],{"class":63},"tasks ",[57,30138,68],{"class":67},[57,30140,11725],{"class":93},[57,30142,30143,30145,30148,30150,30152,30154,30157,30159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30144,11730],{"class":71},[57,30146,30147],{"class":75},"first",[57,30149,104],{"class":71},[57,30151,1016],{"class":93},[57,30153,72],{"class":71},[57,30155,30156],{"class":75},"wash dishes",[57,30158,104],{"class":71},[57,30160,11746],{"class":93},[57,30162,30163,30165,30168,30170,30172,30174,30177,30179],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30164,11730],{"class":71},[57,30166,30167],{"class":75},"second",[57,30169,104],{"class":71},[57,30171,1016],{"class":93},[57,30173,72],{"class":71},[57,30175,30176],{"class":75},"do homework",[57,30178,104],{"class":71},[57,30180,11746],{"class":93},[57,30182,30183,30185,30188,30190,30192,30194,30197],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,30184,11730],{"class":71},[57,30186,30187],{"class":75},"third",[57,30189,104],{"class":71},[57,30191,1016],{"class":93},[57,30193,72],{"class":71},[57,30195,30196],{"class":75},"read book",[57,30198,79],{"class":71},[57,30200,30201],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,30202,9544],{"class":93},[57,30204,30205],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,30206,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,30208,30209,30212,30215],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,30210,30211],{"class":4110},"while",[57,30213,30214],{"class":63}," tasks",[57,30216,6628],{"class":93},[57,30218,30219,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,30220,30221],{"class":63},"    key",[57,30223,107],{"class":93},[57,30225,21820],{"class":63},[57,30227,68],{"class":67},[57,30229,30214],{"class":63},[57,30231,94],{"class":93},[57,30233,28786],{"class":97},[57,30235,212],{"class":93},[57,30237,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,30239,8304],{"class":118},[57,30241,101],{"class":93},[57,30243,22530],{"class":1326},[57,30245,104],{"class":75},[57,30247,9514],{"class":1023},[57,30249,15073],{"class":97},[57,30251,22539],{"class":1023},[57,30253,22542],{"class":75},[57,30255,9514],{"class":1023},[57,30257,2708],{"class":97},[57,30259,22539],{"class":1023},[57,30261,104],{"class":75},[57,30263,112],{"class":93},[20,30265,30266],{},[153,30267,30268],{},"Possible output:",[48,30270,30272],{"className":50,"code":30271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30273,30274,30283,30292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30275,30276,30278,30280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30277,30187],{"class":63},[57,30279,1016],{"class":93},[57,30281,30282],{"class":63}," read book\n",[57,30284,30285,30287,30289],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30286,30167],{"class":63},[57,30288,1016],{"class":93},[57,30290,30291],{"class":63}," do homework\n",[57,30293,30294,30296,30298],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30295,30147],{"class":63},[57,30297,1016],{"class":93},[57,30299,30300],{"class":63}," wash dishes\n",[20,30302,2125,30303,30305],{},[15,30304,13001],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[43,30307,1673],{"id":1672},[20,30309,14965,30310,1016],{},[15,30311,13001],{},[30,30313,30314,30328,30347,30358],{},[33,30315,30316,30321],{},[153,30317,29888,30318,30320],{},[15,30319,13001],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,30322,30323],{},[33,30324,30325,30326,94],{},"This raises ",[15,30327,19922],{},[33,30329,30330,30335],{},[153,30331,8688,30332,30334],{},[15,30333,13001],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,30336,30337,30340],{},[33,30338,30339],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,30341,136,30342,30346],{},[293,30343,30344],{"href":12798},[15,30345,12994],{}," if you need that.",[33,30348,30349,30353],{},[153,30350,4937,30351,27938],{},[15,30352,13001],{},[30,30354,30355],{},[33,30356,30357],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,30359,30360,30363],{},[153,30361,30362],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,30364,30365],{},[33,30366,30367,22211,30369,30371],{},[15,30368,13001],{},[15,30370,21891],{}," tuple.",[20,30373,30374],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[48,30376,30378],{"className":50,"code":30377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30379,30380,30390,30404,30408,30422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30381,30382,30384,30386,30388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30383,119],{"class":118},[57,30385,101],{"class":93},[57,30387,11681],{"class":97},[57,30389,112],{"class":93},[57,30391,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30393,119],{"class":118},[57,30395,101],{"class":93},[57,30397,2009],{"class":118},[57,30399,101],{"class":93},[57,30401,11681],{"class":97},[57,30403,640],{"class":93},[57,30405,30406],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30407,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,30409,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,30411,28777],{"class":63},[57,30413,68],{"class":67},[57,30415,11998],{"class":63},[57,30417,94],{"class":93},[57,30419,28786],{"class":97},[57,30421,212],{"class":93},[57,30423,30424,30426,30428,30430],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,30425,119],{"class":118},[57,30427,101],{"class":93},[57,30429,23547],{"class":97},[57,30431,112],{"class":93},[20,30433,30434],{},"Or with unpacking:",[48,30436,30438],{"className":50,"code":30437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30439,30440,30458,30468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30441,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30443,15073],{"class":63},[57,30445,107],{"class":93},[57,30447,21820],{"class":63},[57,30449,68],{"class":67},[57,30451,11998],{"class":63},[57,30453,94],{"class":93},[57,30455,28786],{"class":97},[57,30457,212],{"class":93},[57,30459,30460,30462,30464,30466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30461,119],{"class":118},[57,30463,101],{"class":93},[57,30465,15073],{"class":97},[57,30467,112],{"class":93},[57,30469,30470,30472,30474,30476],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30471,119],{"class":118},[57,30473,101],{"class":93},[57,30475,2708],{"class":97},[57,30477,112],{"class":93},[43,30479,2075],{"id":2074},[572,30481,2112,30483,5377],{"id":30482},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30484,13001],{},[20,30486,30487,30488,94],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30489,30490],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[572,30492,2099,30494,30496],{"id":30493},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30495,13001],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30498,30499],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[572,30501,30503,30504,30506],{"id":30502},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30505,13001],{}," removes?",[20,30508,30509,30510,30514],{},"No. Use ",[293,30511,30512],{"href":12798},[15,30513,12994],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[572,30516,2099,30518,15128],{"id":30517},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30519,13001],{},[20,30521,30522],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[572,30524,30526,30527,30529],{"id":30525},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30528,13001],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30531,30532,30533,30535,30536,94],{},"It raises ",[15,30534,19922],{}," with the message ",[15,30537,29935],{},[43,30539,2132],{"id":2131},[30,30541,30542,30549,30555,30561,30567,30574,30578,30582],{},[33,30543,30544],{},[293,30545,30546,30548],{"href":12798},[15,30547,12994],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,30550,30551],{},[293,30552,30553,30548],{"href":17309},[15,30554,17312],{},[33,30556,30557],{},[293,30558,30559,30548],{"href":17296},[15,30560,17299],{},[33,30562,30563],{},[293,30564,30565,30548],{"href":17302},[15,30566,17305],{},[33,30568,30569],{},[293,30570,30572,30548],{"href":30571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30573,11553],{},[33,30575,30576],{},[293,30577,13018],{"href":12805},[33,30579,30580],{},[293,30581,21693],{"href":16830},[33,30583,30584],{},[293,30585,30586,30587],{"href":30099},"Fix ",[15,30588,30102],{},[2161,30590,30591],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":30593},[30594,30595,30597,30598,30599,30600,30601,30602,30607,30612,30614,30615,30627],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":28873,"depth":82,"text":30596},"What popitem() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":28943,"depth":82,"text":28944},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":29296,"depth":82,"text":29297},{"id":29487,"depth":82,"text":29488},{"id":29615,"depth":82,"text":30603,"children":30604},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30605,30606],{"id":28786,"depth":115,"text":13001},{"id":26479,"depth":115,"text":12994},{"id":29884,"depth":82,"text":29885,"children":30608},[30609,30610],{"id":29941,"depth":115,"text":29942},{"id":30016,"depth":115,"text":30611},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30105,"depth":82,"text":30613},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":30616},[30617,30619,30621,30623,30625],{"id":30482,"depth":115,"text":30618},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30493,"depth":115,"text":30620},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30502,"depth":115,"text":30622},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30517,"depth":115,"text":30624},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30525,"depth":115,"text":30626},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28612,"description":30628},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30635,"title":30636,"body":30637,"description":32540,"extension":2201,"meta":32541,"navigation":217,"path":14264,"seo":32542,"stem":32543,"__hash__":32544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30638,"toc":32512},[30639,30644,30649,30652,30654,30751,30756,30761,30766,30769,30777,30780,30795,30797,30897,30899,30956,30960,30962,30965,30985,30990,31001,31004,31031,31034,31036,31093,31095,31116,31122,31127,31130,31141,31143,31251,31253,31306,31308,31320,31327,31333,31338,31341,31429,31431,31476,31479,31487,31490,31493,31562,31565,31568,31572,31575,31646,31648,31701,31704,31707,31710,31725,31728,31740,31743,31806,31808,31814,31816,31818,31897,31899,31940,31942,32007,32009,32046,32051,32056,32060,32074,32077,32200,32202,32287,32292,32294,32298,32320,32323,32403,32406,32425,32430,32432,32438,32443,32449,32452,32458,32461,32467,32472,32478,32484,32486,32509],[10,30640,11550,30642,18],{"id":30641},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30643,15186],{},[20,30645,2218,30646,30648],{},[15,30647,15186],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30650,30651],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[43,30653,46],{"id":45},[48,30655,30657],{"className":50,"code":30656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30658,30659,30695,30736,30746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30660,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30662,13435],{"class":63},[57,30664,68],{"class":67},[57,30666,10725],{"class":93},[57,30668,104],{"class":71},[57,30670,1056],{"class":75},[57,30672,104],{"class":71},[57,30674,1016],{"class":93},[57,30676,72],{"class":71},[57,30678,13112],{"class":75},[57,30680,104],{"class":71},[57,30682,107],{"class":93},[57,30684,72],{"class":71},[57,30686,1065],{"class":75},[57,30688,104],{"class":71},[57,30690,1016],{"class":93},[57,30692,8025],{"class":1023},[57,30694,9544],{"class":93},[57,30696,30697,30699,30701,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30698,17541],{"class":63},[57,30700,94],{"class":93},[57,30702,30703],{"class":97},"update",[57,30705,5762],{"class":93},[57,30707,104],{"class":71},[57,30709,1065],{"class":75},[57,30711,104],{"class":71},[57,30713,1016],{"class":93},[57,30715,30716],{"class":1023}," 21",[57,30718,107],{"class":93},[57,30720,72],{"class":71},[57,30722,10644],{"class":75},[57,30724,104],{"class":71},[57,30726,1016],{"class":93},[57,30728,72],{"class":71},[57,30730,16264],{"class":75},[57,30732,104],{"class":71},[57,30734,30735],{"class":93},"})\n",[57,30737,30738,30740,30742,30744],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30739,119],{"class":118},[57,30741,101],{"class":93},[57,30743,17541],{"class":97},[57,30745,112],{"class":93},[57,30747,30748],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,30749,30750],{"class":132},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30752,136,30753,30755],{},[15,30754,15186],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[43,30757,143,30759,146],{"id":30758},"what-update-does",[15,30760,15186],{},[20,30762,30763,30765],{},[15,30764,15186],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30767,30768],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30770,30771,30774],{},[33,30772,30773],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30775,30776],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30778,30779],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30781,30782,30785,30788,30792],{},[33,30783,30784],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30786,30787],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30789,5380,30790],{},[15,30791,4012],{},[33,30793,30794],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30796,179],{},[48,30798,30800],{"className":50,"code":30799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30801,30802,30844,30887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30840,30842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30805,13095],{"class":63},[57,30807,68],{"class":67},[57,30809,10725],{"class":93},[57,30811,104],{"class":71},[57,30813,1056],{"class":75},[57,30815,104],{"class":71},[57,30817,1016],{"class":93},[57,30819,72],{"class":71},[57,30821,30822],{"class":75},"Mira",[57,30824,104],{"class":71},[57,30826,107],{"class":93},[57,30828,72],{"class":71},[57,30830,20126],{"class":75},[57,30832,104],{"class":71},[57,30834,1016],{"class":93},[57,30836,72],{"class":71},[57,30838,30839],{"class":75},"B",[57,30841,104],{"class":71},[57,30843,9544],{"class":93},[57,30845,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30883,30885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,30847,13857],{"class":63},[57,30849,94],{"class":93},[57,30851,30703],{"class":97},[57,30853,5762],{"class":93},[57,30855,104],{"class":71},[57,30857,20126],{"class":75},[57,30859,104],{"class":71},[57,30861,1016],{"class":93},[57,30863,72],{"class":71},[57,30865,22481],{"class":75},[57,30867,104],{"class":71},[57,30869,107],{"class":93},[57,30871,72],{"class":71},[57,30873,10644],{"class":75},[57,30875,104],{"class":71},[57,30877,1016],{"class":93},[57,30879,72],{"class":71},[57,30881,30882],{"class":75},"Quito",[57,30884,104],{"class":71},[57,30886,30735],{"class":93},[57,30888,30889,30891,30893,30895],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,30890,119],{"class":118},[57,30892,101],{"class":93},[57,30894,13857],{"class":97},[57,30896,112],{"class":93},[20,30898,243],{},[48,30900,30902],{"className":50,"code":30901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30903,30904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30907,9514],{"class":93},[57,30909,261],{"class":71},[57,30911,1056],{"class":75},[57,30913,261],{"class":71},[57,30915,1016],{"class":93},[57,30917,271],{"class":71},[57,30919,30822],{"class":75},[57,30921,261],{"class":71},[57,30923,107],{"class":93},[57,30925,271],{"class":71},[57,30927,20126],{"class":75},[57,30929,261],{"class":71},[57,30931,1016],{"class":93},[57,30933,271],{"class":71},[57,30935,22481],{"class":75},[57,30937,261],{"class":71},[57,30939,107],{"class":93},[57,30941,271],{"class":71},[57,30943,10644],{"class":75},[57,30945,261],{"class":71},[57,30947,1016],{"class":93},[57,30949,271],{"class":71},[57,30951,30882],{"class":75},[57,30953,261],{"class":71},[57,30955,9544],{"class":93},[20,30957,9387,30958,94],{},[293,30959,24865],{"href":9626},[43,30961,300],{"id":299},[20,30963,30964],{},"The basic form is:",[48,30966,30968],{"className":50,"code":30967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30969,30970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30973,15837],{"class":63},[57,30975,94],{"class":93},[57,30977,30703],{"class":97},[57,30979,101],{"class":93},[57,30981,30982],{"class":97},"other",[57,30984,112],{"class":93},[20,30986,30987,30989],{},[15,30988,30982],{}," can be:",[30,30991,30992,30995,30998],{},[33,30993,30994],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30996,30997],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30999,31000],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31002,31003],{},"You can also use:",[48,31005,31007],{"className":50,"code":31006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31008,31009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31010,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31012,15837],{"class":63},[57,31014,94],{"class":93},[57,31016,30703],{"class":97},[57,31018,101],{"class":93},[57,31020,1056],{"class":9411},[57,31022,68],{"class":67},[57,31024,104],{"class":71},[57,31026,7911],{"class":75},[57,31028,104],{"class":71},[57,31030,112],{"class":93},[20,31032,31033],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31035,179],{},[48,31037,31039],{"className":50,"code":31038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31040,31041,31061,31083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31042,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31044,9401],{"class":63},[57,31046,68],{"class":67},[57,31048,10725],{"class":93},[57,31050,104],{"class":71},[57,31052,293],{"class":75},[57,31054,104],{"class":71},[57,31056,1016],{"class":93},[57,31058,1143],{"class":1023},[57,31060,9544],{"class":93},[57,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31064,9440],{"class":63},[57,31066,94],{"class":93},[57,31068,30703],{"class":97},[57,31070,5762],{"class":93},[57,31072,104],{"class":71},[57,31074,293],{"class":75},[57,31076,104],{"class":71},[57,31078,1016],{"class":93},[57,31080,6238],{"class":1023},[57,31082,30735],{"class":93},[57,31084,31085,31087,31089,31091],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31086,119],{"class":118},[57,31088,101],{"class":93},[57,31090,9440],{"class":97},[57,31092,112],{"class":93},[20,31094,243],{},[48,31096,31098],{"className":50,"code":31097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31099,31100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31101,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31103,9514],{"class":93},[57,31105,261],{"class":71},[57,31107,293],{"class":75},[57,31109,261],{"class":71},[57,31111,1016],{"class":93},[57,31113,6238],{"class":1023},[57,31115,9544],{"class":93},[43,31117,425,31119,31121],{"id":31118},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31120,15186],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31123,31124,31125,94],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31126,15186],{},[20,31128,31129],{},"It is useful when:",[30,31131,31132,31135,31138],{},[33,31133,31134],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,31136,31137],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,31139,31140],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31142,179],{},[48,31144,31146],{"className":50,"code":31145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31147,31148,31185,31222,31226,31241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31149,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31151,14057],{"class":63},[57,31153,68],{"class":67},[57,31155,10725],{"class":93},[57,31157,104],{"class":71},[57,31159,12726],{"class":75},[57,31161,104],{"class":71},[57,31163,1016],{"class":93},[57,31165,72],{"class":71},[57,31167,21163],{"class":75},[57,31169,104],{"class":71},[57,31171,107],{"class":93},[57,31173,72],{"class":71},[57,31175,14082],{"class":75},[57,31177,104],{"class":71},[57,31179,1016],{"class":93},[57,31181,31182],{"class":1023}," 12",[57,31184,9544],{"class":93},[57,31186,31187,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31188,31189],{"class":63},"new_settings ",[57,31191,68],{"class":67},[57,31193,10725],{"class":93},[57,31195,104],{"class":71},[57,31197,14082],{"class":75},[57,31199,104],{"class":71},[57,31201,1016],{"class":93},[57,31203,14089],{"class":1023},[57,31205,107],{"class":93},[57,31207,72],{"class":71},[57,31209,20358],{"class":75},[57,31211,104],{"class":71},[57,31213,1016],{"class":93},[57,31215,72],{"class":71},[57,31217,20392],{"class":75},[57,31219,104],{"class":71},[57,31221,9544],{"class":93},[57,31223,31224],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31225,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,31227,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31239],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,31229,14116],{"class":63},[57,31231,94],{"class":93},[57,31233,30703],{"class":97},[57,31235,101],{"class":93},[57,31237,31238],{"class":97},"new_settings",[57,31240,112],{"class":93},[57,31242,31243,31245,31247,31249],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,31244,119],{"class":118},[57,31246,101],{"class":93},[57,31248,14116],{"class":97},[57,31250,112],{"class":93},[20,31252,243],{},[48,31254,31256],{"className":50,"code":31255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31257,31258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31259,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31261,9514],{"class":93},[57,31263,261],{"class":71},[57,31265,12726],{"class":75},[57,31267,261],{"class":71},[57,31269,1016],{"class":93},[57,31271,271],{"class":71},[57,31273,21163],{"class":75},[57,31275,261],{"class":71},[57,31277,107],{"class":93},[57,31279,271],{"class":71},[57,31281,14082],{"class":75},[57,31283,261],{"class":71},[57,31285,1016],{"class":93},[57,31287,14089],{"class":1023},[57,31289,107],{"class":93},[57,31291,271],{"class":71},[57,31293,20358],{"class":75},[57,31295,261],{"class":71},[57,31297,1016],{"class":93},[57,31299,271],{"class":71},[57,31301,20392],{"class":75},[57,31303,261],{"class":71},[57,31305,9544],{"class":93},[20,31307,13640],{},[30,31309,31310,31315],{},[33,31311,31312,31314],{},[15,31313,14082],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,31316,31317,31319],{},[15,31318,20358],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31321,31322,31323,94],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[293,31324,31326],{"href":31325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[43,31328,425,31330,31332],{"id":31329},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31331,15186],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31334,31335,31337],{},[15,31336,15186],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31339,31340],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[48,31342,31344],{"className":50,"code":31343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31345,31346,31366,31401,31405,31419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31349,5296],{"class":63},[57,31351,68],{"class":67},[57,31353,10725],{"class":93},[57,31355,104],{"class":71},[57,31357,18651],{"class":75},[57,31359,104],{"class":71},[57,31361,1016],{"class":93},[57,31363,20133],{"class":1023},[57,31365,9544],{"class":93},[57,31367,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31393,31395,31397,31399],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31369,9451],{"class":63},[57,31371,68],{"class":67},[57,31373,9456],{"class":93},[57,31375,104],{"class":71},[57,31377,18660],{"class":75},[57,31379,104],{"class":71},[57,31381,107],{"class":93},[57,31383,13738],{"class":1023},[57,31385,9469],{"class":93},[57,31387,9472],{"class":93},[57,31389,104],{"class":71},[57,31391,31392],{"class":75},"english",[57,31394,104],{"class":71},[57,31396,107],{"class":93},[57,31398,29159],{"class":1023},[57,31400,9485],{"class":93},[57,31402,31403],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31404,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,31408,16622],{"class":63},[57,31410,94],{"class":93},[57,31412,30703],{"class":97},[57,31414,101],{"class":93},[57,31416,9498],{"class":97},[57,31418,112],{"class":93},[57,31420,31421,31423,31425,31427],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,31422,119],{"class":118},[57,31424,101],{"class":93},[57,31426,16622],{"class":97},[57,31428,112],{"class":93},[20,31430,243],{},[48,31432,31434],{"className":50,"code":31433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31435,31436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31437,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31439,9514],{"class":93},[57,31441,261],{"class":71},[57,31443,18651],{"class":75},[57,31445,261],{"class":71},[57,31447,1016],{"class":93},[57,31449,20133],{"class":1023},[57,31451,107],{"class":93},[57,31453,271],{"class":71},[57,31455,18660],{"class":75},[57,31457,261],{"class":71},[57,31459,1016],{"class":93},[57,31461,13738],{"class":1023},[57,31463,107],{"class":93},[57,31465,271],{"class":71},[57,31467,31392],{"class":75},[57,31469,261],{"class":71},[57,31471,1016],{"class":93},[57,31473,29159],{"class":1023},[57,31475,9544],{"class":93},[20,31477,31478],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31480,31481,31484],{},[33,31482,31483],{},"The key",[33,31485,31486],{},"The value",[20,31488,31489],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31491,31492],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[48,31494,31496],{"className":50,"code":31495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31497,31498,31518,31543,31547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31499,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31501,9401],{"class":63},[57,31503,68],{"class":67},[57,31505,10725],{"class":93},[57,31507,104],{"class":71},[57,31509,293],{"class":75},[57,31511,104],{"class":71},[57,31513,1016],{"class":93},[57,31515,1143],{"class":1023},[57,31517,9544],{"class":93},[57,31519,31520,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31521,31522],{"class":63},"bad_pairs ",[57,31524,68],{"class":67},[57,31526,9456],{"class":93},[57,31528,104],{"class":71},[57,31530,664],{"class":75},[57,31532,104],{"class":71},[57,31534,107],{"class":93},[57,31536,1024],{"class":1023},[57,31538,107],{"class":93},[57,31540,2686],{"class":1023},[57,31542,9485],{"class":93},[57,31544,31545],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31546,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,31548,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31560],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,31550,9440],{"class":63},[57,31552,94],{"class":93},[57,31554,30703],{"class":97},[57,31556,101],{"class":93},[57,31558,31559],{"class":97},"bad_pairs",[57,31561,112],{"class":93},[20,31563,31564],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31566,31567],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[43,31569,31571],{"id":31570},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31573,31574],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[48,31576,31578],{"className":50,"code":31577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31579,31580,31604,31636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31581,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31583,11720],{"class":63},[57,31585,68],{"class":67},[57,31587,10725],{"class":93},[57,31589,104],{"class":71},[57,31591,1056],{"class":75},[57,31593,104],{"class":71},[57,31595,1016],{"class":93},[57,31597,72],{"class":71},[57,31599,29152],{"class":75},[57,31601,104],{"class":71},[57,31603,9544],{"class":93},[57,31605,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31625,31627,31629,31632,31634],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31607,11814],{"class":63},[57,31609,94],{"class":93},[57,31611,30703],{"class":97},[57,31613,101],{"class":93},[57,31615,1065],{"class":9411},[57,31617,68],{"class":67},[57,31619,9429],{"class":1023},[57,31621,107],{"class":93},[57,31623,31624],{"class":9411}," city",[57,31626,68],{"class":67},[57,31628,104],{"class":71},[57,31630,31631],{"class":75},"Madrid",[57,31633,104],{"class":71},[57,31635,112],{"class":93},[57,31637,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31639,119],{"class":118},[57,31641,101],{"class":93},[57,31643,11814],{"class":97},[57,31645,112],{"class":93},[20,31647,243],{},[48,31649,31651],{"className":50,"code":31650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31652,31653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31654,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31656,9514],{"class":93},[57,31658,261],{"class":71},[57,31660,1056],{"class":75},[57,31662,261],{"class":71},[57,31664,1016],{"class":93},[57,31666,271],{"class":71},[57,31668,29152],{"class":75},[57,31670,261],{"class":71},[57,31672,107],{"class":93},[57,31674,271],{"class":71},[57,31676,1065],{"class":75},[57,31678,261],{"class":71},[57,31680,1016],{"class":93},[57,31682,9541],{"class":1023},[57,31684,107],{"class":93},[57,31686,271],{"class":71},[57,31688,10644],{"class":75},[57,31690,261],{"class":71},[57,31692,1016],{"class":93},[57,31694,271],{"class":71},[57,31696,31631],{"class":75},[57,31698,261],{"class":71},[57,31700,9544],{"class":93},[20,31702,31703],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31705,31706],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31708,31709],{},"These work:",[30,31711,31712,31716,31720],{},[33,31713,31714],{},[15,31715,1065],{},[33,31717,31718],{},[15,31719,10644],{},[33,31721,31722],{},[15,31723,31724],{},"first_name",[20,31726,31727],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31729,31730,31735],{},[33,31731,31732],{},[15,31733,31734],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31736,31737],{},[15,31738,31739],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31741,31742],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[48,31744,31746],{"className":50,"code":31745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31747,31748,31756,31796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31749,31750,31752,31754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31751,11720],{"class":63},[57,31753,68],{"class":67},[57,31755,10073],{"class":93},[57,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31787,31789,31791,31794],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31759,11814],{"class":63},[57,31761,94],{"class":93},[57,31763,30703],{"class":97},[57,31765,5762],{"class":93},[57,31767,104],{"class":71},[57,31769,10747],{"class":75},[57,31771,104],{"class":71},[57,31773,1016],{"class":93},[57,31775,72],{"class":71},[57,31777,29152],{"class":75},[57,31779,104],{"class":71},[57,31781,107],{"class":93},[57,31783,72],{"class":71},[57,31785,31786],{"class":75},"user-id",[57,31788,104],{"class":71},[57,31790,1016],{"class":93},[57,31792,31793],{"class":1023}," 1001",[57,31795,30735],{"class":93},[57,31797,31798,31800,31802,31804],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31799,119],{"class":118},[57,31801,101],{"class":93},[57,31803,11814],{"class":97},[57,31805,112],{"class":93},[43,31807,17653],{"id":17652},[20,31809,31810,2631,31812,94],{},[15,31811,15186],{},[15,31813,4012],{},[20,31815,14280],{},[20,31817,24945],{},[48,31819,31821],{"className":50,"code":31820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31822,31823,31847,31873,31877,31887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31826,13435],{"class":63},[57,31828,68],{"class":67},[57,31830,10725],{"class":93},[57,31832,104],{"class":71},[57,31834,1056],{"class":75},[57,31836,104],{"class":71},[57,31838,1016],{"class":93},[57,31840,72],{"class":71},[57,31842,13112],{"class":75},[57,31844,104],{"class":71},[57,31846,9544],{"class":93},[57,31848,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31850,2463],{"class":63},[57,31852,68],{"class":67},[57,31854,13478],{"class":63},[57,31856,94],{"class":93},[57,31858,30703],{"class":97},[57,31860,5762],{"class":93},[57,31862,104],{"class":71},[57,31864,1065],{"class":75},[57,31866,104],{"class":71},[57,31868,1016],{"class":93},[57,31870,8025],{"class":1023},[57,31872,30735],{"class":93},[57,31874,31875],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31876,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,31878,31879,31881,31883,31885],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,31880,119],{"class":118},[57,31882,101],{"class":93},[57,31884,2498],{"class":97},[57,31886,112],{"class":93},[57,31888,31889,31891,31893,31895],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,31890,119],{"class":118},[57,31892,101],{"class":93},[57,31894,17541],{"class":97},[57,31896,112],{"class":93},[20,31898,243],{},[48,31900,31902],{"className":50,"code":31901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31903,31904,31908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31905,31906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31907,12040],{"class":4085},[57,31909,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31911,9514],{"class":93},[57,31913,261],{"class":71},[57,31915,1056],{"class":75},[57,31917,261],{"class":71},[57,31919,1016],{"class":93},[57,31921,271],{"class":71},[57,31923,13112],{"class":75},[57,31925,261],{"class":71},[57,31927,107],{"class":93},[57,31929,271],{"class":71},[57,31931,1065],{"class":75},[57,31933,261],{"class":71},[57,31935,1016],{"class":93},[57,31937,8025],{"class":1023},[57,31939,9544],{"class":93},[20,31941,16889],{},[48,31943,31945],{"className":50,"code":31944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31946,31947,31971,31993,31997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31948,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31950,13435],{"class":63},[57,31952,68],{"class":67},[57,31954,10725],{"class":93},[57,31956,104],{"class":71},[57,31958,1056],{"class":75},[57,31960,104],{"class":71},[57,31962,1016],{"class":93},[57,31964,72],{"class":71},[57,31966,13112],{"class":75},[57,31968,104],{"class":71},[57,31970,9544],{"class":93},[57,31972,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,31974,17541],{"class":63},[57,31976,94],{"class":93},[57,31978,30703],{"class":97},[57,31980,5762],{"class":93},[57,31982,104],{"class":71},[57,31984,1065],{"class":75},[57,31986,104],{"class":71},[57,31988,1016],{"class":93},[57,31990,8025],{"class":1023},[57,31992,30735],{"class":93},[57,31994,31995],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,31996,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,31998,31999,32001,32003,32005],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,32000,119],{"class":118},[57,32002,101],{"class":93},[57,32004,17541],{"class":97},[57,32006,112],{"class":93},[20,32008,243],{},[48,32010,32012],{"className":50,"code":32011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32013,32014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32015,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32017,9514],{"class":93},[57,32019,261],{"class":71},[57,32021,1056],{"class":75},[57,32023,261],{"class":71},[57,32025,1016],{"class":93},[57,32027,271],{"class":71},[57,32029,13112],{"class":75},[57,32031,261],{"class":71},[57,32033,107],{"class":93},[57,32035,271],{"class":71},[57,32037,1065],{"class":75},[57,32039,261],{"class":71},[57,32041,1016],{"class":93},[57,32043,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32045,9544],{"class":93},[20,32047,32048,32049,94],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[293,32050,18138],{"href":10965},[43,32052,1637,32054],{"id":32053},"when-to-use-update",[15,32055,15186],{},[20,32057,136,32058,10835],{},[15,32059,15186],{},[30,32061,32062,32065,32068,32071],{},[33,32063,32064],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,32066,32067],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,32069,32070],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,32072,32073],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32075,32076],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[48,32078,32080],{"className":50,"code":32079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32081,32082,32118,32133,32137,32176,32180,32190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32083,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32085,12318],{"class":63},[57,32087,68],{"class":67},[57,32089,10725],{"class":93},[57,32091,104],{"class":71},[57,32093,1056],{"class":75},[57,32095,104],{"class":71},[57,32097,1016],{"class":93},[57,32099,72],{"class":71},[57,32101,13112],{"class":75},[57,32103,104],{"class":71},[57,32105,107],{"class":93},[57,32107,72],{"class":71},[57,32109,1065],{"class":75},[57,32111,104],{"class":71},[57,32113,1016],{"class":93},[57,32115,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32117,9544],{"class":93},[57,32119,32120,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32121,32122],{"class":63},"updated ",[57,32124,68],{"class":67},[57,32126,12393],{"class":63},[57,32128,94],{"class":93},[57,32130,13143],{"class":97},[57,32132,212],{"class":93},[57,32134,32135],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,32136,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,32138,32139,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,32140,32141],{"class":63},"updated",[57,32143,94],{"class":93},[57,32145,30703],{"class":97},[57,32147,5762],{"class":93},[57,32149,104],{"class":71},[57,32151,1065],{"class":75},[57,32153,104],{"class":71},[57,32155,1016],{"class":93},[57,32157,30716],{"class":1023},[57,32159,107],{"class":93},[57,32161,72],{"class":71},[57,32163,10644],{"class":75},[57,32165,104],{"class":71},[57,32167,1016],{"class":93},[57,32169,72],{"class":71},[57,32171,16264],{"class":75},[57,32173,104],{"class":71},[57,32175,30735],{"class":93},[57,32177,32178],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,32179,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,32181,32182,32184,32186,32188],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,32183,119],{"class":118},[57,32185,101],{"class":93},[57,32187,12365],{"class":97},[57,32189,112],{"class":93},[57,32191,32192,32194,32196,32198],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,32193,119],{"class":118},[57,32195,101],{"class":93},[57,32197,32141],{"class":97},[57,32199,112],{"class":93},[20,32201,243],{},[48,32203,32205],{"className":50,"code":32204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32206,32207,32239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32208,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32210,9514],{"class":93},[57,32212,261],{"class":71},[57,32214,1056],{"class":75},[57,32216,261],{"class":71},[57,32218,1016],{"class":93},[57,32220,271],{"class":71},[57,32222,13112],{"class":75},[57,32224,261],{"class":71},[57,32226,107],{"class":93},[57,32228,271],{"class":71},[57,32230,1065],{"class":75},[57,32232,261],{"class":71},[57,32234,1016],{"class":93},[57,32236,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32238,9544],{"class":93},[57,32240,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32242,9514],{"class":93},[57,32244,261],{"class":71},[57,32246,1056],{"class":75},[57,32248,261],{"class":71},[57,32250,1016],{"class":93},[57,32252,271],{"class":71},[57,32254,13112],{"class":75},[57,32256,261],{"class":71},[57,32258,107],{"class":93},[57,32260,271],{"class":71},[57,32262,1065],{"class":75},[57,32264,261],{"class":71},[57,32266,1016],{"class":93},[57,32268,30716],{"class":1023},[57,32270,107],{"class":93},[57,32272,271],{"class":71},[57,32274,10644],{"class":75},[57,32276,261],{"class":71},[57,32278,1016],{"class":93},[57,32280,271],{"class":71},[57,32282,16264],{"class":75},[57,32284,261],{"class":71},[57,32286,9544],{"class":93},[20,32288,32289,32290,94],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[293,32291,16831],{"href":16830},[43,32293,1673],{"id":1672},[20,32295,10981,32296,1016],{},[15,32297,15186],{},[30,32299,32300,32307,32311,32314,32317],{},[33,32301,12826,32302,32304,32305],{},[15,32303,15186],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32306,4012],{},[33,32308,8688,32309,12834],{},[15,32310,15186],{},[33,32312,32313],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,32315,32316],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,32318,32319],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32321,32322],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[48,32324,32326],{"className":50,"code":32325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32327,32328,32338,32352,32366,32388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32329,32330,32332,32334,32336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32331,119],{"class":118},[57,32333,101],{"class":93},[57,32335,11681],{"class":97},[57,32337,112],{"class":93},[57,32339,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32341,119],{"class":118},[57,32343,101],{"class":93},[57,32345,1257],{"class":1256},[57,32347,101],{"class":93},[57,32349,9440],{"class":97},[57,32351,640],{"class":93},[57,32353,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,32355,119],{"class":118},[57,32357,101],{"class":93},[57,32359,1188],{"class":1256},[57,32361,101],{"class":93},[57,32363,9440],{"class":97},[57,32365,640],{"class":93},[57,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,32369,119],{"class":118},[57,32371,101],{"class":93},[57,32373,11681],{"class":97},[57,32375,94],{"class":93},[57,32377,19985],{"class":97},[57,32379,101],{"class":93},[57,32381,261],{"class":71},[57,32383,15073],{"class":75},[57,32385,261],{"class":71},[57,32387,640],{"class":93},[57,32389,32390,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,32391,32392],{"class":118},"help",[57,32394,101],{"class":93},[57,32396,9057],{"class":1256},[57,32398,94],{"class":93},[57,32400,30703],{"class":24987},[57,32402,112],{"class":93},[20,32404,32405],{},"These can help you check:",[30,32407,32408,32411,32416,32419,32422],{},[33,32409,32410],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,32412,32413,32414],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32415,15186],{},[33,32417,32418],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,32420,32421],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,32423,32424],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32426,32427,32428,94],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[293,32429,11494],{"href":11307},[43,32431,2075],{"id":2074},[572,32433,2099,32435,32437],{"id":32434},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32436,15186],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32439,32440,32441,94],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32442,4012],{},[572,32444,2099,32446,32448],{"id":32445},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32447,15186],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32450,32451],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[572,32453,5402,32455,32457],{"id":32454},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32456,15186],{}," add new keys?",[20,32459,32460],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[572,32462,28567,32464,32466],{"id":32463},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32465,15186],{}," with a list?",[20,32468,32469,32470,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32471,11328],{},[572,32473,2079,32475,32477],{"id":32474},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32476,15186],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32479,32480,32481,32483],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32482,15186],{}," can change many keys at once.",[43,32485,2132],{"id":2131},[30,32487,32488,32492,32496,32501,32505],{},[33,32489,32490],{},[293,32491,26333],{"href":9626},[33,32493,32494],{},[293,32495,11483],{"href":10965},[33,32497,32498],{},[293,32499,32500],{"href":31325},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32502,32503],{},[293,32504,21693],{"href":16830},[33,32506,32507],{},[293,32508,11494],{"href":11307},[2161,32510,32511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":32513},[32514,32515,32517,32518,32520,32522,32523,32524,32526,32527,32539],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":30758,"depth":82,"text":32516},"What update() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":31118,"depth":82,"text":32519},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31329,"depth":82,"text":32521},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31570,"depth":82,"text":31571},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":32053,"depth":82,"text":32525},"When to use update()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":32528},[32529,32531,32533,32535,32537],{"id":32434,"depth":115,"text":32530},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32445,"depth":115,"text":32532},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32454,"depth":115,"text":32534},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32463,"depth":115,"text":32536},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32474,"depth":115,"text":32538},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30636,"description":32540},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32546,"title":32547,"body":32548,"description":34537,"extension":2201,"meta":34538,"navigation":217,"path":23131,"seo":34539,"stem":34540,"__hash__":34541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32549,"toc":34500},[32550,32555,32562,32565,32567,32666,32668,32723,32728,32733,32747,32752,32754,32769,32771,32785,32798,32803,32809,32816,32818,32925,32927,32976,32982,33057,33059,33080,33082,33085,33190,33192,33247,33249,33277,33281,33286,33365,33367,33387,33389,33400,33410,33414,33419,33523,33525,33550,33553,33564,33569,33578,33581,33598,33600,33687,33689,33752,33754,33777,33779,33784,33790,33795,33797,33836,33842,33845,33864,33875,33881,33884,33957,33959,33978,33983,33986,34009,34015,34018,34082,34085,34162,34169,34172,34231,34237,34239,34258,34262,34265,34316,34319,34339,34341,34402,34404,34409,34414,34419,34424,34429,34434,34440,34443,34452,34460,34462,34497],[10,32551,11550,32553,18],{"id":32552},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32554,17305],{},[20,32556,32557,32558,32561],{},"The Python ",[15,32559,32560],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32563,32564],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[43,32566,46],{"id":45},[48,32568,32570],{"className":50,"code":32569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32571,32572,32624,32638,32642,32652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32573,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32575,13095],{"class":63},[57,32577,68],{"class":67},[57,32579,10725],{"class":93},[57,32581,104],{"class":71},[57,32583,1056],{"class":75},[57,32585,104],{"class":71},[57,32587,1016],{"class":93},[57,32589,72],{"class":71},[57,32591,13112],{"class":75},[57,32593,104],{"class":71},[57,32595,107],{"class":93},[57,32597,72],{"class":71},[57,32599,1065],{"class":75},[57,32601,104],{"class":71},[57,32603,1016],{"class":93},[57,32605,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32607,107],{"class":93},[57,32609,72],{"class":71},[57,32611,10644],{"class":75},[57,32613,104],{"class":71},[57,32615,1016],{"class":93},[57,32617,72],{"class":71},[57,32619,16264],{"class":75},[57,32621,104],{"class":71},[57,32623,9544],{"class":93},[57,32625,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32627,4057],{"class":63},[57,32629,68],{"class":67},[57,32631,13138],{"class":63},[57,32633,94],{"class":93},[57,32635,5591],{"class":97},[57,32637,212],{"class":93},[57,32639,32640],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,32641,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,32643,32644,32646,32648,32650],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,32645,119],{"class":118},[57,32647,101],{"class":93},[57,32649,5591],{"class":97},[57,32651,112],{"class":93},[57,32653,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,32655,119],{"class":118},[57,32657,101],{"class":93},[57,32659,1188],{"class":1256},[57,32661,101],{"class":93},[57,32663,5591],{"class":97},[57,32665,640],{"class":93},[20,32667,243],{},[48,32669,32671],{"className":50,"code":32670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32672,32673,32699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32674,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32676,17271],{"class":97},[57,32678,3221],{"class":93},[57,32680,261],{"class":71},[57,32682,13112],{"class":75},[57,32684,261],{"class":71},[57,32686,107],{"class":93},[57,32688,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32690,107],{"class":93},[57,32692,271],{"class":71},[57,32694,16264],{"class":75},[57,32696,261],{"class":71},[57,32698,1280],{"class":93},[57,32700,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32702,258],{"class":93},[57,32704,261],{"class":71},[57,32706,13112],{"class":75},[57,32708,261],{"class":71},[57,32710,107],{"class":93},[57,32712,8025],{"class":1023},[57,32714,107],{"class":93},[57,32716,271],{"class":71},[57,32718,16264],{"class":75},[57,32720,261],{"class":71},[57,32722,288],{"class":93},[20,32724,32725,32727],{},[15,32726,17305],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[43,32729,143,32731,146],{"id":32730},"what-values-does",[15,32732,17305],{},[30,32734,32735,32738,32741,32744],{},[33,32736,32737],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32739,32740],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32742,32743],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32745,32746],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32748,32749,32750,94],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[293,32751,9627],{"href":9626},[43,32753,300],{"id":299},[48,32755,32757],{"className":50,"code":32756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32758,32759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32760,32761,32763,32765,32767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32762,11681],{"class":63},[57,32764,94],{"class":93},[57,32766,5591],{"class":97},[57,32768,212],{"class":93},[20,32770,13284],{},[30,32772,32773,32777,32780],{},[33,32774,32775,11697],{},[15,32776,17305],{},[33,32778,32779],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32781,32782,32783],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32784,17305],{},[20,32786,32787,32788,2082,32793,94],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[293,32789,32790,32792],{"href":17296},[15,32791,17299],{}," for dictionary keys",[293,32794,32795,32797],{"href":17309},[15,32796,17312],{}," for key-value pairs",[43,32799,143,32801,1179],{"id":32800},"what-values-returns",[15,32802,17305],{},[20,32804,32805,22211,32807,25001],{},[15,32806,17305],{},[15,32808,17271],{},[20,32810,32811,32812,32815],{},"This object is a ",[153,32813,32814],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32817,179],{},[48,32819,32821],{"className":50,"code":32820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32822,32823,32859,32863,32878,32889,32893,32915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32824,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32826,13435],{"class":63},[57,32828,68],{"class":67},[57,32830,10725],{"class":93},[57,32832,104],{"class":71},[57,32834,1056],{"class":75},[57,32836,104],{"class":71},[57,32838,1016],{"class":93},[57,32840,72],{"class":71},[57,32842,8156],{"class":75},[57,32844,104],{"class":71},[57,32846,107],{"class":93},[57,32848,72],{"class":71},[57,32850,1065],{"class":75},[57,32852,104],{"class":71},[57,32854,1016],{"class":93},[57,32856,9541],{"class":1023},[57,32858,9544],{"class":93},[57,32860,32861],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32862,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,32864,32865,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,32866,32867],{"class":63},"values_view ",[57,32869,68],{"class":67},[57,32871,13478],{"class":63},[57,32873,94],{"class":93},[57,32875,5591],{"class":97},[57,32877,212],{"class":93},[57,32879,32880,32882,32884,32887],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,32881,119],{"class":118},[57,32883,101],{"class":93},[57,32885,32886],{"class":97},"values_view",[57,32888,112],{"class":93},[57,32890,32891],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,32892,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,32894,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,32896,17541],{"class":63},[57,32898,258],{"class":93},[57,32900,104],{"class":71},[57,32902,10644],{"class":75},[57,32904,104],{"class":71},[57,32906,13504],{"class":93},[57,32908,13507],{"class":67},[57,32910,72],{"class":71},[57,32912,30882],{"class":75},[57,32914,79],{"class":71},[57,32916,32917,32919,32921,32923],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,32918,119],{"class":118},[57,32920,101],{"class":93},[57,32922,32886],{"class":97},[57,32924,112],{"class":93},[20,32926,243],{},[48,32928,32930],{"className":50,"code":32929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32931,32932,32950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32933,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32935,17271],{"class":97},[57,32937,3221],{"class":93},[57,32939,261],{"class":71},[57,32941,8156],{"class":75},[57,32943,261],{"class":71},[57,32945,107],{"class":93},[57,32947,9541],{"class":1023},[57,32949,1280],{"class":93},[57,32951,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,32953,17271],{"class":97},[57,32955,3221],{"class":93},[57,32957,261],{"class":71},[57,32959,8156],{"class":75},[57,32961,261],{"class":71},[57,32963,107],{"class":93},[57,32965,9541],{"class":1023},[57,32967,107],{"class":93},[57,32969,271],{"class":71},[57,32971,30882],{"class":75},[57,32973,261],{"class":71},[57,32975,1280],{"class":93},[20,32977,32978,32979,94],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32980,32981],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[48,32983,32985],{"className":50,"code":32984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32986,32987,33023,33042,33046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32988,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32990,13435],{"class":63},[57,32992,68],{"class":67},[57,32994,10725],{"class":93},[57,32996,104],{"class":71},[57,32998,1056],{"class":75},[57,33000,104],{"class":71},[57,33002,1016],{"class":93},[57,33004,72],{"class":71},[57,33006,8156],{"class":75},[57,33008,104],{"class":71},[57,33010,107],{"class":93},[57,33012,72],{"class":71},[57,33014,1065],{"class":75},[57,33016,104],{"class":71},[57,33018,1016],{"class":93},[57,33020,9541],{"class":1023},[57,33022,9544],{"class":93},[57,33024,33025,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33026,33027],{"class":63},"values_list ",[57,33029,68],{"class":67},[57,33031,22796],{"class":1256},[57,33033,101],{"class":93},[57,33035,17541],{"class":97},[57,33037,94],{"class":93},[57,33039,5591],{"class":97},[57,33041,383],{"class":93},[57,33043,33044],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33045,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33047,33048,33050,33052,33055],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33049,119],{"class":118},[57,33051,101],{"class":93},[57,33053,33054],{"class":97},"values_list",[57,33056,112],{"class":93},[20,33058,243],{},[48,33060,33062],{"className":50,"code":33061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33063,33064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33065,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33067,258],{"class":93},[57,33069,261],{"class":71},[57,33071,8156],{"class":75},[57,33073,261],{"class":71},[57,33075,107],{"class":93},[57,33077,9541],{"class":1023},[57,33079,288],{"class":93},[43,33081,11707],{"id":11706},[20,33083,33084],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[48,33086,33088],{"className":50,"code":33087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33089,33090,33144,33148,33162,33166,33176],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33125,33127,33129,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33093,25033],{"class":63},[57,33095,68],{"class":67},[57,33097,10725],{"class":93},[57,33099,104],{"class":71},[57,33101,25042],{"class":75},[57,33103,104],{"class":71},[57,33105,1016],{"class":93},[57,33107,72],{"class":71},[57,33109,25051],{"class":75},[57,33111,104],{"class":71},[57,33113,107],{"class":93},[57,33115,72],{"class":71},[57,33117,25060],{"class":75},[57,33119,104],{"class":71},[57,33121,1016],{"class":93},[57,33123,33124],{"class":1023}," 2022",[57,33126,107],{"class":93},[57,33128,72],{"class":71},[57,33130,33131],{"class":75},"color",[57,33133,104],{"class":71},[57,33135,1016],{"class":93},[57,33137,72],{"class":71},[57,33139,274],{"class":75},[57,33141,104],{"class":71},[57,33143,9544],{"class":93},[57,33145,33146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33147,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33149,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33151,2463],{"class":63},[57,33153,68],{"class":67},[57,33155,25082],{"class":63},[57,33157,94],{"class":93},[57,33159,5591],{"class":97},[57,33161,212],{"class":93},[57,33163,33164],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33165,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33167,33168,33170,33172,33174],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,33169,119],{"class":118},[57,33171,101],{"class":93},[57,33173,2498],{"class":97},[57,33175,112],{"class":93},[57,33177,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,33179,119],{"class":118},[57,33181,101],{"class":93},[57,33183,1188],{"class":1256},[57,33185,101],{"class":93},[57,33187,2498],{"class":97},[57,33189,640],{"class":93},[20,33191,243],{},[48,33193,33195],{"className":50,"code":33194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33196,33197,33223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33198,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33200,17271],{"class":97},[57,33202,3221],{"class":93},[57,33204,261],{"class":71},[57,33206,25051],{"class":75},[57,33208,261],{"class":71},[57,33210,107],{"class":93},[57,33212,33124],{"class":1023},[57,33214,107],{"class":93},[57,33216,271],{"class":71},[57,33218,274],{"class":75},[57,33220,261],{"class":71},[57,33222,1280],{"class":93},[57,33224,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33226,258],{"class":93},[57,33228,261],{"class":71},[57,33230,25051],{"class":75},[57,33232,261],{"class":71},[57,33234,107],{"class":93},[57,33236,33124],{"class":1023},[57,33238,107],{"class":93},[57,33240,271],{"class":71},[57,33242,274],{"class":75},[57,33244,261],{"class":71},[57,33246,288],{"class":93},[20,33248,11916],{},[30,33250,33251,33257,33263,33271],{},[33,33252,33253,33256],{},[15,33254,33255],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,33258,33259,33262],{},[15,33260,33261],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,33264,33265,33268,33269,24854],{},[15,33266,33267],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33270,17271],{},[33,33272,33273,33276],{},[15,33274,33275],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[43,33278,33280],{"id":33279},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33282,33283,33284,26302],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33285,6191],{},[48,33287,33289],{"className":50,"code":33288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33290,33291,33335,33339,33355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33292,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33294,5296],{"class":63},[57,33296,68],{"class":67},[57,33298,10725],{"class":93},[57,33300,104],{"class":71},[57,33302,18651],{"class":75},[57,33304,104],{"class":71},[57,33306,1016],{"class":93},[57,33308,20133],{"class":1023},[57,33310,107],{"class":93},[57,33312,72],{"class":71},[57,33314,31392],{"class":75},[57,33316,104],{"class":71},[57,33318,1016],{"class":93},[57,33320,13738],{"class":1023},[57,33322,107],{"class":93},[57,33324,72],{"class":71},[57,33326,18660],{"class":75},[57,33328,104],{"class":71},[57,33330,1016],{"class":93},[57,33332,29159],{"class":1023},[57,33334,9544],{"class":93},[57,33336,33337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33338,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33340,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33342,6191],{"class":4110},[57,33344,21820],{"class":63},[57,33346,4117],{"class":4110},[57,33348,5343],{"class":63},[57,33350,94],{"class":93},[57,33352,5591],{"class":97},[57,33354,21831],{"class":93},[57,33356,33357,33359,33361,33363],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33358,8304],{"class":118},[57,33360,101],{"class":93},[57,33362,2708],{"class":97},[57,33364,112],{"class":93},[20,33366,243],{},[48,33368,33370],{"className":50,"code":33369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33371,33372,33377,33382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33373,33374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33375,33376],{"class":1023},"90\n",[57,33378,33379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33380,33381],{"class":1023},"85\n",[57,33383,33384],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33385,33386],{"class":1023},"88\n",[20,33388,17944],{},[30,33390,33391,33394,33397],{},[33,33392,33393],{},"You only need the values",[33,33395,33396],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33398,33399],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33401,33402,33403,3114,33407,94],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[293,33404,10971,33405,742],{"href":17309},[15,33406,17312],{},[293,33408,22711],{"href":33409},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[43,33411,33413],{"id":33412},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33415,136,33416,33418],{},[15,33417,32981],{}," when you need a list.",[48,33420,33422],{"className":50,"code":33421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33423,33424,33470,33474,33494,33498,33509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33425,33426,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33462,33464,33466,33468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33427,33428],{"class":63},"fruit_prices ",[57,33430,68],{"class":67},[57,33432,10725],{"class":93},[57,33434,104],{"class":71},[57,33436,836],{"class":75},[57,33438,104],{"class":71},[57,33440,1016],{"class":93},[57,33442,1024],{"class":1023},[57,33444,107],{"class":93},[57,33446,72],{"class":71},[57,33448,845],{"class":75},[57,33450,104],{"class":71},[57,33452,1016],{"class":93},[57,33454,1143],{"class":1023},[57,33456,107],{"class":93},[57,33458,72],{"class":71},[57,33460,33461],{"class":75},"orange",[57,33463,104],{"class":71},[57,33465,1016],{"class":93},[57,33467,2686],{"class":1023},[57,33469,9544],{"class":93},[57,33471,33472],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33473,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33475,33476,33479,33481,33483,33485,33488,33490,33492],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33477,33478],{"class":63},"price_list ",[57,33480,68],{"class":67},[57,33482,22796],{"class":1256},[57,33484,101],{"class":93},[57,33486,33487],{"class":97},"fruit_prices",[57,33489,94],{"class":93},[57,33491,5591],{"class":97},[57,33493,383],{"class":93},[57,33495,33496],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33497,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33499,33500,33502,33504,33507],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,33501,119],{"class":118},[57,33503,101],{"class":93},[57,33505,33506],{"class":97},"price_list",[57,33508,112],{"class":93},[57,33510,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,33512,119],{"class":118},[57,33514,101],{"class":93},[57,33516,33506],{"class":97},[57,33518,258],{"class":93},[57,33520,1277],{"class":1023},[57,33522,1280],{"class":93},[20,33524,243],{},[48,33526,33528],{"className":50,"code":33527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33529,33530,33546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33531,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33533,258],{"class":93},[57,33535,1931],{"class":1023},[57,33537,107],{"class":93},[57,33539,1143],{"class":1023},[57,33541,107],{"class":93},[57,33543,2686],{"class":1023},[57,33545,288],{"class":93},[57,33547,33548],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33549,17290],{"class":1023},[20,33551,33552],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33554,33555,33558,33561],{},[33,33556,33557],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33559,33560],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33562,33563],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33565,4158,33566,33568],{},[15,33567,17271],{}," is not the same as a list.",[43,33570,33572,577,33574,577,33576],{"id":33571},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33573,17305],{},[15,33575,17299],{},[15,33577,17312],{},[20,33579,33580],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33582,33583,33588,33593],{},[33,33584,33585,33587],{},[15,33586,17305],{}," returns only the values",[33,33589,33590,33592],{},[15,33591,17299],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33594,33595,33597],{},[15,33596,17312],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33599,2361],{},[48,33601,33603],{"className":50,"code":33602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33604,33605,33641,33645,33659,33673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33606,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33608,13095],{"class":63},[57,33610,68],{"class":67},[57,33612,10725],{"class":93},[57,33614,104],{"class":71},[57,33616,1056],{"class":75},[57,33618,104],{"class":71},[57,33620,1016],{"class":93},[57,33622,72],{"class":71},[57,33624,13112],{"class":75},[57,33626,104],{"class":71},[57,33628,107],{"class":93},[57,33630,72],{"class":71},[57,33632,1065],{"class":75},[57,33634,104],{"class":71},[57,33636,1016],{"class":93},[57,33638,8025],{"class":1023},[57,33640,9544],{"class":93},[57,33642,33643],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33644,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33646,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33648,119],{"class":118},[57,33650,101],{"class":93},[57,33652,13857],{"class":97},[57,33654,94],{"class":93},[57,33656,17157],{"class":97},[57,33658,383],{"class":93},[57,33660,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33662,119],{"class":118},[57,33664,101],{"class":93},[57,33666,13857],{"class":97},[57,33668,94],{"class":93},[57,33670,5591],{"class":97},[57,33672,383],{"class":93},[57,33674,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,33676,119],{"class":118},[57,33678,101],{"class":93},[57,33680,13857],{"class":97},[57,33682,94],{"class":93},[57,33684,8045],{"class":97},[57,33686,383],{"class":93},[20,33688,243],{},[48,33690,33692],{"className":50,"code":33691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33693,33694,33716,33734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33695,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33697,17248],{"class":97},[57,33699,3221],{"class":93},[57,33701,261],{"class":71},[57,33703,1056],{"class":75},[57,33705,261],{"class":71},[57,33707,107],{"class":93},[57,33709,271],{"class":71},[57,33711,1065],{"class":75},[57,33713,261],{"class":71},[57,33715,1280],{"class":93},[57,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33719,17271],{"class":97},[57,33721,3221],{"class":93},[57,33723,261],{"class":71},[57,33725,13112],{"class":75},[57,33727,261],{"class":71},[57,33729,107],{"class":93},[57,33731,8025],{"class":1023},[57,33733,1280],{"class":93},[57,33735,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33737,22144],{"class":97},[57,33739,9893],{"class":93},[57,33741,261],{"class":71},[57,33743,1056],{"class":75},[57,33745,261],{"class":71},[57,33747,107],{"class":93},[57,33749,8025],{"class":1023},[57,33751,10913],{"class":93},[20,33753,18929],{},[30,33755,33756,33763,33770],{},[33,33757,33758,33762],{},[293,33759,33760],{"href":17296},[15,33761,17299],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33764,33765,33769],{},[293,33766,33767],{"href":17302},[15,33768,17305],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33771,33772,33776],{},[293,33773,33774],{"href":17309},[15,33775,17312],{}," when you need both",[43,33778,4751],{"id":4750},[20,33780,33781,33782,94],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33783,17305],{},[572,33785,29888,33787,33789],{"id":33786},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33788,17305],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33791,33792,33794],{},[15,33793,17305],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33796,16877],{},[48,33798,33800],{"className":50,"code":33799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33801,33802,33822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33803,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33805,8543],{"class":63},[57,33807,68],{"class":67},[57,33809,1380],{"class":93},[57,33811,3224],{"class":1023},[57,33813,107],{"class":93},[57,33815,1024],{"class":1023},[57,33817,107],{"class":93},[57,33819,2686],{"class":1023},[57,33821,288],{"class":93},[57,33823,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33825,119],{"class":118},[57,33827,101],{"class":93},[57,33829,8574],{"class":97},[57,33831,94],{"class":93},[57,33833,5591],{"class":97},[57,33835,383],{"class":93},[20,33837,33838,33839,33841],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33840,17305],{}," method.",[20,33843,33844],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[48,33846,33848],{"className":50,"code":33847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33849,33850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33851,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33853,119],{"class":118},[57,33855,101],{"class":93},[57,33857,1257],{"class":1256},[57,33859,101],{"class":93},[57,33861,8574],{"class":97},[57,33863,640],{"class":93},[20,33865,33866,33867,33869,33870,94],{},"If you get an ",[15,33868,25909],{},", see ",[293,33871,25917,33872,33874],{"href":25916},[15,33873,25920],{}," errors",[572,33876,4812,33878,33880],{"id":33877},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33879,17305],{}," returns a list",[20,33882,33883],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[48,33885,33887],{"className":50,"code":33886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33888,33889,33925,33939,33943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33890,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33892,13095],{"class":63},[57,33894,68],{"class":67},[57,33896,10725],{"class":93},[57,33898,104],{"class":71},[57,33900,1056],{"class":75},[57,33902,104],{"class":71},[57,33904,1016],{"class":93},[57,33906,72],{"class":71},[57,33908,13112],{"class":75},[57,33910,104],{"class":71},[57,33912,107],{"class":93},[57,33914,72],{"class":71},[57,33916,1065],{"class":75},[57,33918,104],{"class":71},[57,33920,1016],{"class":93},[57,33922,8025],{"class":1023},[57,33924,9544],{"class":93},[57,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,33928,4057],{"class":63},[57,33930,68],{"class":67},[57,33932,13138],{"class":63},[57,33934,94],{"class":93},[57,33936,5591],{"class":97},[57,33938,212],{"class":93},[57,33940,33941],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,33942,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,33944,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,33946,119],{"class":118},[57,33948,101],{"class":93},[57,33950,1257],{"class":1256},[57,33952,101],{"class":93},[57,33954,5591],{"class":97},[57,33956,640],{"class":93},[20,33958,243],{},[48,33960,33962],{"className":50,"code":33961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33963,33964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33965,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33967,1323],{"class":67},[57,33969,1327],{"class":1326},[57,33971,271],{"class":71},[57,33973,17271],{"class":75},[57,33975,261],{"class":71},[57,33977,1336],{"class":67},[20,33979,5380,33980,33982],{},[15,33981,17271],{},", not a list.",[20,33984,33985],{},"If you need a list:",[48,33987,33989],{"className":50,"code":33988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33990,33991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33992,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33994,4057],{"class":63},[57,33996,68],{"class":67},[57,33998,22796],{"class":1256},[57,34000,101],{"class":93},[57,34002,13857],{"class":97},[57,34004,94],{"class":93},[57,34006,5591],{"class":97},[57,34008,383],{"class":93},[572,34010,34012,34013],{"id":34011},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34014,17271],{},[20,34016,34017],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[48,34019,34021],{"className":50,"code":34020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34022,34023,34059,34073,34077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34024,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34026,13095],{"class":63},[57,34028,68],{"class":67},[57,34030,10725],{"class":93},[57,34032,104],{"class":71},[57,34034,1056],{"class":75},[57,34036,104],{"class":71},[57,34038,1016],{"class":93},[57,34040,72],{"class":71},[57,34042,13112],{"class":75},[57,34044,104],{"class":71},[57,34046,107],{"class":93},[57,34048,72],{"class":71},[57,34050,1065],{"class":75},[57,34052,104],{"class":71},[57,34054,1016],{"class":93},[57,34056,8025],{"class":1023},[57,34058,9544],{"class":93},[57,34060,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34062,4057],{"class":63},[57,34064,68],{"class":67},[57,34066,13138],{"class":63},[57,34068,94],{"class":93},[57,34070,5591],{"class":97},[57,34072,212],{"class":93},[57,34074,34075],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34076,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,34078,34079],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,34080,34081],{"class":132},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34083,34084],{},"Convert to a list first:",[48,34086,34088],{"className":50,"code":34087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34089,34090,34126,34144,34148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34091,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34093,13095],{"class":63},[57,34095,68],{"class":67},[57,34097,10725],{"class":93},[57,34099,104],{"class":71},[57,34101,1056],{"class":75},[57,34103,104],{"class":71},[57,34105,1016],{"class":93},[57,34107,72],{"class":71},[57,34109,13112],{"class":75},[57,34111,104],{"class":71},[57,34113,107],{"class":93},[57,34115,72],{"class":71},[57,34117,1065],{"class":75},[57,34119,104],{"class":71},[57,34121,1016],{"class":93},[57,34123,8025],{"class":1023},[57,34125,9544],{"class":93},[57,34127,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34129,4057],{"class":63},[57,34131,68],{"class":67},[57,34133,22796],{"class":1256},[57,34135,101],{"class":93},[57,34137,13857],{"class":97},[57,34139,94],{"class":93},[57,34141,5591],{"class":97},[57,34143,383],{"class":93},[57,34145,34146],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34147,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,34149,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,34151,119],{"class":118},[57,34153,101],{"class":93},[57,34155,5591],{"class":97},[57,34157,258],{"class":93},[57,34159,1277],{"class":1023},[57,34161,1280],{"class":93},[572,34163,425,34165,11325,34167],{"id":34164},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34166,5591],{},[15,34168,17305],{},[20,34170,34171],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[48,34173,34175],{"className":50,"code":34174,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34176,34177,34213,34217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34180,13095],{"class":63},[57,34182,68],{"class":67},[57,34184,10725],{"class":93},[57,34186,104],{"class":71},[57,34188,1056],{"class":75},[57,34190,104],{"class":71},[57,34192,1016],{"class":93},[57,34194,72],{"class":71},[57,34196,13112],{"class":75},[57,34198,104],{"class":71},[57,34200,107],{"class":93},[57,34202,72],{"class":71},[57,34204,1065],{"class":75},[57,34206,104],{"class":71},[57,34208,1016],{"class":93},[57,34210,8025],{"class":1023},[57,34212,9544],{"class":93},[57,34214,34215],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34216,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,34218,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34220,119],{"class":118},[57,34222,101],{"class":93},[57,34224,13857],{"class":97},[57,34226,94],{"class":93},[57,34228,5591],{"class":24987},[57,34230,112],{"class":93},[20,34232,34233,34236],{},[15,34234,34235],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34238,18929],{},[48,34240,34242],{"className":50,"code":34241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34243,34244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34245,34246,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34247,119],{"class":118},[57,34249,101],{"class":93},[57,34251,13857],{"class":97},[57,34253,94],{"class":93},[57,34255,5591],{"class":97},[57,34257,383],{"class":93},[572,34259,34261],{"id":34260},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34263,34264],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[48,34266,34268],{"className":50,"code":34267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34269,34270,34302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34271,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34273,9401],{"class":63},[57,34275,68],{"class":67},[57,34277,10725],{"class":93},[57,34279,104],{"class":71},[57,34281,293],{"class":75},[57,34283,104],{"class":71},[57,34285,1016],{"class":93},[57,34287,1143],{"class":1023},[57,34289,107],{"class":93},[57,34291,72],{"class":71},[57,34293,664],{"class":75},[57,34295,104],{"class":71},[57,34297,1016],{"class":93},[57,34299,1024],{"class":1023},[57,34301,9544],{"class":93},[57,34303,34304,34306,34308,34310,34312,34314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34305,119],{"class":118},[57,34307,101],{"class":93},[57,34309,9440],{"class":97},[57,34311,94],{"class":93},[57,34313,5591],{"class":97},[57,34315,383],{"class":93},[20,34317,34318],{},"Not like this:",[48,34320,34322],{"className":50,"code":34321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34323,34324,34329,34334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34325,34326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34327,34328],{"class":132},"# Wrong examples:\n",[57,34330,34331],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34332,34333],{"class":132},"# data().values()\n",[57,34335,34336],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34337,34338],{"class":132},"# values(data)\n",[20,34340,3573],{},[48,34342,34344],{"className":50,"code":34343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34345,34346,34360,34370,34384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34347,34348,34350,34352,34354,34356,34358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34349,119],{"class":118},[57,34351,101],{"class":93},[57,34353,1257],{"class":1256},[57,34355,101],{"class":93},[57,34357,11681],{"class":97},[57,34359,640],{"class":93},[57,34361,34362,34364,34366,34368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34363,119],{"class":118},[57,34365,101],{"class":93},[57,34367,11681],{"class":97},[57,34369,112],{"class":93},[57,34371,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34373,119],{"class":118},[57,34375,101],{"class":93},[57,34377,11681],{"class":97},[57,34379,94],{"class":93},[57,34381,5591],{"class":97},[57,34383,383],{"class":93},[57,34385,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,34387,119],{"class":118},[57,34389,101],{"class":93},[57,34391,1188],{"class":1256},[57,34393,101],{"class":93},[57,34395,11681],{"class":97},[57,34397,94],{"class":93},[57,34399,5591],{"class":97},[57,34401,6524],{"class":93},[43,34403,2075],{"id":2074},[572,34405,2112,34407,5377],{"id":34406},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34408,32560],{},[20,34410,17656,34411,34413],{},[15,34412,17271],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[572,34415,2099,34417,24168],{"id":34416},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34418,17305],{},[20,34420,24171,34421,24175],{},[15,34422,34423],{},"list(...)",[572,34425,26294,34427,2085],{"id":34426},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34428,32560],{},[20,34430,34431,34432,26302],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34433,6191],{},[572,34435,2099,34437,34439],{"id":34436},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34438,32560],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34441,34442],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[572,34444,34446,34447,34449,34450,2085],{"id":34445},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34448,17305],{}," different from ",[15,34451,17312],{},[20,34453,34454,34456,34457,34459],{},[15,34455,17305],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34458,17312],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[43,34461,2132],{"id":2131},[30,34463,34464,34470,34476,34480,34486,34490],{},[33,34465,34466],{},[293,34467,10971,34468,742],{"href":17296},[15,34469,17299],{},[33,34471,34472],{},[293,34473,10971,34474,742],{"href":17309},[15,34475,17312],{},[33,34477,34478],{},[293,34479,11474],{"href":9626},[33,34481,34482],{},[293,34483,34485],{"href":34484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34487,34488],{},[293,34489,24253],{"href":33409},[33,34491,34492],{},[293,34493,30586,34494],{"href":25916},[15,34495,34496],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2161,34498,34499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":34501},[34502,34503,34505,34506,34508,34509,34510,34511,34513,34524,34536],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":32730,"depth":82,"text":34504},"What values() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":32800,"depth":82,"text":34507},"What values() returns",{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":33279,"depth":82,"text":33280},{"id":33412,"depth":82,"text":33413},{"id":33571,"depth":82,"text":34512},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":34514},[34515,34517,34519,34521,34523],{"id":33786,"depth":115,"text":34516},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33877,"depth":115,"text":34518},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34011,"depth":115,"text":34520},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34164,"depth":115,"text":34522},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34260,"depth":115,"text":34261},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":34525},[34526,34528,34530,34532,34534],{"id":34406,"depth":115,"text":34527},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34416,"depth":115,"text":34529},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34426,"depth":115,"text":34531},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34436,"depth":115,"text":34533},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34445,"depth":115,"text":34535},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32547,"description":34537},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34543,"title":34544,"body":34545,"description":35972,"extension":2201,"meta":35973,"navigation":217,"path":35974,"seo":35975,"stem":35976,"__hash__":35977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34546,"toc":35924},[34547,34553,34558,34561,34577,34586,34588,34620,34626,34629,34722,34725,34730,34735,34738,34749,34751,34765,34771,34773,34778,34784,34787,34826,34834,34839,34842,34887,34890,34902,34908,34914,34918,34949,34952,34970,34973,34977,35016,35018,35038,35041,35053,35058,35064,35067,35122,35125,35136,35139,35150,35153,35157,35163,35165,35195,35198,35213,35216,35219,35238,35241,35257,35266,35268,35299,35305,35310,35313,35320,35351,35354,35376,35379,35382,35396,35400,35431,35446,35453,35460,35464,35472,35476,35484,35487,35536,35547,35549,35552,35558,35563,35573,35577,35580,35583,35587,35590,35592,35613,35617,35623,35634,35640,35642,35648,35672,35675,35738,35741,35769,35772,35834,35836,35841,35844,35851,35859,35866,35869,35877,35883,35885,35912,35921],[10,34548,3809,34550,3813],{"id":34549},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34551,34552],{},"dir()",[20,34554,32557,34555,34557],{},[15,34556,34552],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34559,34560],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34562,34563,34566,34569,34574],{},[33,34564,34565],{},"learning Python",[33,34567,34568],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34570,34571,34572],{},"debugging an ",[15,34573,25909],{},[33,34575,34576],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34578,34579,34580,34582,34583],{},"In short, ",[15,34581,34552],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[153,34584,34585],{},"“What can I use here?”",[43,34587,46],{"id":45},[48,34589,34591],{"className":50,"code":34590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34592,34593,34605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34594,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34596,8112],{"class":63},[57,34598,68],{"class":67},[57,34600,72],{"class":71},[57,34602,1590],{"class":75},[57,34604,79],{"class":71},[57,34606,34607,34609,34611,34614,34616,34618],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34608,119],{"class":118},[57,34610,101],{"class":93},[57,34612,34613],{"class":118},"dir",[57,34615,101],{"class":93},[57,34617,1056],{"class":97},[57,34619,640],{"class":93},[20,34621,136,34622,34625],{},[15,34623,34624],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34627,34628],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[48,34630,34632],{"className":50,"code":34631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34633,34634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34635,34636,34638,34640,34643,34645,34647,34649,34652,34654,34656,34658,34661,34663,34665,34667,34670,34672,34674,34676,34679,34681,34683,34685,34688,34690,34692,34695,34697,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715,34718,34720],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34637,258],{"class":93},[57,34639,261],{"class":71},[57,34641,34642],{"class":75},"__add__",[57,34644,261],{"class":71},[57,34646,107],{"class":93},[57,34648,271],{"class":71},[57,34650,34651],{"class":75},"__class__",[57,34653,261],{"class":71},[57,34655,107],{"class":93},[57,34657,271],{"class":71},[57,34659,34660],{"class":75},"__contains__",[57,34662,261],{"class":71},[57,34664,107],{"class":93},[57,34666,271],{"class":71},[57,34668,34669],{"class":75},"__delattr__",[57,34671,261],{"class":71},[57,34673,107],{"class":93},[57,34675,271],{"class":71},[57,34677,34678],{"class":75},"__dir__",[57,34680,261],{"class":71},[57,34682,107],{"class":93},[57,34684,271],{"class":71},[57,34686,34687],{"class":75},"__doc__",[57,34689,261],{"class":71},[57,34691,107],{"class":93},[57,34693,34694],{"class":472}," ...",[57,34696,107],{"class":93},[57,34698,271],{"class":71},[57,34700,8876],{"class":75},[57,34702,261],{"class":71},[57,34704,107],{"class":93},[57,34706,271],{"class":71},[57,34708,98],{"class":75},[57,34710,261],{"class":71},[57,34712,107],{"class":93},[57,34714,271],{"class":71},[57,34716,34717],{"class":75},"upper",[57,34719,261],{"class":71},[57,34721,288],{"class":93},[20,34723,34724],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[43,34726,143,34728,146],{"id":34727},"what-dir-does",[15,34729,34552],{},[20,34731,34732,34734],{},[15,34733,34552],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34736,34737],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34739,34740,34743,34746],{},[33,34741,34742],{},"attributes",[33,34744,34745],{},"methods",[33,34747,34748],{},"special Python names",[20,34750,11690],{},[30,34752,34753,34759,34762],{},[33,34754,34755,34756],{},"The result is a ",[153,34757,34758],{},"list of strings",[33,34760,34761],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34763,34764],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34766,34767,34768,34770],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34769,34552],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[43,34772,300],{"id":299},[20,34774,34775,34777],{},[15,34776,34552],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[572,34779,34781,34783],{"id":34780},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34782,34552],{}," with no argument",[20,34785,34786],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[48,34788,34790],{"className":50,"code":34789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34791,34792,34800,34812,34816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34793,34794,34796,34798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34795,3261],{"class":63},[57,34797,68],{"class":67},[57,34799,2823],{"class":1023},[57,34801,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34803,8112],{"class":63},[57,34805,68],{"class":67},[57,34807,72],{"class":71},[57,34809,7911],{"class":75},[57,34811,79],{"class":71},[57,34813,34814],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,34815,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,34817,34818,34820,34822,34824],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,34819,119],{"class":118},[57,34821,101],{"class":93},[57,34823,34613],{"class":118},[57,34825,383],{"class":93},[20,34827,34828,34829,2082,34831,34833],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34830,2409],{},[15,34832,1056],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[572,34835,34837],{"id":34836},"dirobject",[15,34838,34624],{},[20,34840,34841],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[48,34843,34845],{"className":50,"code":34844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34846,34847,34865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34848,34849,34851,34853,34855,34857,34859,34861,34863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34850,119],{"class":118},[57,34852,101],{"class":93},[57,34854,34613],{"class":118},[57,34856,101],{"class":93},[57,34858,104],{"class":71},[57,34860,1590],{"class":75},[57,34862,104],{"class":71},[57,34864,640],{"class":93},[57,34866,34867,34869,34871,34873,34875,34877,34879,34881,34883,34885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34868,119],{"class":118},[57,34870,101],{"class":93},[57,34872,34613],{"class":118},[57,34874,3221],{"class":93},[57,34876,3224],{"class":1023},[57,34878,107],{"class":93},[57,34880,1024],{"class":1023},[57,34882,107],{"class":93},[57,34884,2686],{"class":1023},[57,34886,3235],{"class":93},[20,34888,34889],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34891,34892,34894,34896,34899],{},[33,34893,5541],{},[33,34895,5532],{},[33,34897,34898],{},"modules",[33,34900,34901],{},"custom objects",[43,34903,425,34905,34907],{"id":34904},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34906,34552],{}," with a value",[20,34909,34910,34911,34913],{},"A common use of ",[15,34912,34552],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[572,34915,34917],{"id":34916},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[48,34919,34921],{"className":50,"code":34920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34922,34923,34935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34924,34925,34927,34929,34931,34933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34926,64],{"class":63},[57,34928,68],{"class":67},[57,34930,72],{"class":71},[57,34932,1590],{"class":75},[57,34934,79],{"class":71},[57,34936,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945,34947],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,34938,119],{"class":118},[57,34940,101],{"class":93},[57,34942,34613],{"class":118},[57,34944,101],{"class":93},[57,34946,227],{"class":97},[57,34948,640],{"class":93},[20,34950,34951],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34953,34954,34958,34962,34966],{},[33,34955,34956],{},[15,34957,8876],{},[33,34959,34960],{},[15,34961,34717],{},[33,34963,34964],{},[15,34965,98],{},[33,34967,34968],{},[15,34969,8870],{},[20,34971,34972],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[572,34974,34976],{"id":34975},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[48,34978,34980],{"className":50,"code":34979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34981,34982,35002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34983,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996,34998,35000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34985,3853],{"class":63},[57,34987,68],{"class":67},[57,34989,1380],{"class":93},[57,34991,3224],{"class":1023},[57,34993,107],{"class":93},[57,34995,1024],{"class":1023},[57,34997,107],{"class":93},[57,34999,2686],{"class":1023},[57,35001,288],{"class":93},[57,35003,35004,35006,35008,35010,35012,35014],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35005,119],{"class":118},[57,35007,101],{"class":93},[57,35009,34613],{"class":118},[57,35011,101],{"class":93},[57,35013,3883],{"class":97},[57,35015,640],{"class":93},[20,35017,34951],{},[30,35019,35020,35024,35028,35033],{},[33,35021,35022],{},[15,35023,13784],{},[33,35025,35026],{},[15,35027,26479],{},[33,35029,35030],{},[15,35031,35032],{},"remove",[33,35034,35035],{},[15,35036,35037],{},"sort",[20,35039,35040],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35042,35043,35044,35049,35050,35052],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[293,35045,35047],{"href":35046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35048,2536],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35051,34552],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[43,35054,425,35056,34783],{"id":35055},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35057,34552],{},[20,35059,35060,35061,35063],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35062,34552],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35065,35066],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[48,35068,35070],{"className":50,"code":35069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35071,35072,35081,35085,35096,35108,35112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35073,35074,35076,35078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35075,3261],{"class":63},[57,35077,68],{"class":67},[57,35079,35080],{"class":1023}," 5\n",[57,35082,35083],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35084,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35086,35087,35090,35094],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35088,35089],{"class":1326},"def",[57,35091,35093],{"class":35092},"sGLFI"," greet",[57,35095,21831],{"class":93},[57,35097,35098,35101,35103,35106],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,35099,35100],{"class":4110},"    return",[57,35102,72],{"class":71},[57,35104,35105],{"class":75},"Hello",[57,35107,79],{"class":71},[57,35109,35110],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,35111,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35113,35114,35116,35118,35120],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,35115,119],{"class":118},[57,35117,101],{"class":93},[57,35119,34613],{"class":118},[57,35121,383],{"class":93},[20,35123,35124],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,35126,35127,35131],{},[33,35128,35129],{},[15,35130,2409],{},[33,35132,35133],{},[15,35134,35135],{},"greet",[20,35137,35138],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,35140,35141,35144,35147],{},[33,35142,35143],{},"what variables exist",[33,35145,35146],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,35148,35149],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35151,35152],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[43,35154,35156],{"id":35155},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35158,35159,35160,35162],{},"When you first use ",[15,35161,34552],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35164,179],{},[48,35166,35167],{"className":50,"code":34920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,35168,35169,35181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35170,35171,35173,35175,35177,35179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35172,64],{"class":63},[57,35174,68],{"class":67},[57,35176,72],{"class":71},[57,35178,1590],{"class":75},[57,35180,79],{"class":71},[57,35182,35183,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35184,119],{"class":118},[57,35186,101],{"class":93},[57,35188,34613],{"class":118},[57,35190,101],{"class":93},[57,35192,227],{"class":97},[57,35194,640],{"class":93},[20,35196,35197],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,35199,35200,35204,35208],{},[33,35201,35202],{},[15,35203,34651],{},[33,35205,35206],{},[15,35207,34687],{},[33,35209,35210],{},[15,35211,35212],{},"__len__",[20,35214,35215],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35217,35218],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,35220,35221,35225,35229,35233],{},[33,35222,35223],{},[15,35224,34717],{},[33,35226,35227],{},[15,35228,8876],{},[33,35230,35231],{},[15,35232,98],{},[33,35234,35235],{},[15,35236,35237],{},"replace",[20,35239,35240],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,35242,35243,35251],{},[33,35244,35245,35247,35248],{},[15,35246,34552],{}," lists ",[153,35249,35250],{},"names only",[33,35252,35253,35254,35256],{},"it does ",[153,35255,175],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35258,35259,35260,94],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[293,35261,35263],{"href":35262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35264,35265],{},"help()",[20,35267,5705],{},[48,35269,35271],{"className":50,"code":35270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35272,35273,35285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35274,35275,35277,35279,35281,35283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35276,8112],{"class":63},[57,35278,68],{"class":67},[57,35280,72],{"class":71},[57,35282,1590],{"class":75},[57,35284,79],{"class":71},[57,35286,35287,35289,35291,35293,35295,35297],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35288,32392],{"class":118},[57,35290,101],{"class":93},[57,35292,1056],{"class":97},[57,35294,94],{"class":93},[57,35296,34717],{"class":24987},[57,35298,112],{"class":93},[43,35300,35302,35304],{"id":35301},"dir-on-modules",[15,35303,34552],{}," on modules",[20,35306,15947,35307,35309],{},[15,35308,34552],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35311,35312],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[572,35314,35316,35317,35319],{"id":35315},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35318,18651],{}," module",[48,35321,35323],{"className":50,"code":35322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35324,35325,35333,35337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35326,35327,35330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35328,35329],{"class":4110},"import",[57,35331,35332],{"class":63}," math\n",[57,35334,35335],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35336,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35338,35339,35341,35343,35345,35347,35349],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35340,119],{"class":118},[57,35342,101],{"class":93},[57,35344,34613],{"class":118},[57,35346,101],{"class":93},[57,35348,18651],{"class":97},[57,35350,640],{"class":93},[20,35352,35353],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35355,35356,35361,35366,35371],{},[33,35357,35358],{},[15,35359,35360],{},"sqrt",[33,35362,35363],{},[15,35364,35365],{},"ceil",[33,35367,35368],{},[15,35369,35370],{},"floor",[33,35372,35373],{},[15,35374,35375],{},"pi",[20,35377,35378],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35380,35381],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35383,35384,35390],{},[33,35385,35386],{},[293,35387,35389],{"href":35388},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35391,35392],{},[293,35393,35395],{"href":35394},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[572,35397,35399],{"id":35398},"another-example","Another example",[48,35401,35403],{"className":50,"code":35402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35404,35405,35412,35416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35406,35407,35409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35408,35329],{"class":4110},[57,35410,35411],{"class":63}," json\n",[57,35413,35414],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35415,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35417,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426,35429],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35419,119],{"class":118},[57,35421,101],{"class":93},[57,35423,34613],{"class":118},[57,35425,101],{"class":93},[57,35427,35428],{"class":97},"json",[57,35430,640],{"class":93},[20,35432,35433,35434,754,35437,754,35440,17306,35443,94],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35435,35436],{},"dump",[15,35438,35439],{},"dumps",[15,35441,35442],{},"load",[15,35444,35445],{},"loads",[43,35447,35449,577,35451],{"id":35448},"dir-vs-help",[15,35450,34552],{},[15,35452,35265],{},[20,35454,35455,2082,35457,35459],{},[15,35456,34552],{},[15,35458,35265],{}," are often used together.",[572,35461,35462],{"id":34613},[15,35463,34552],{},[30,35465,35466,35469],{},[33,35467,35468],{},"shows available names",[33,35470,35471],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[572,35473,35474],{"id":32392},[15,35475,35265],{},[30,35477,35478,35481],{},[33,35479,35480],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35482,35483],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35485,35486],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[48,35488,35490],{"className":50,"code":35489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35491,35492,35504,35508,35522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35493,35494,35496,35498,35500,35502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35495,8112],{"class":63},[57,35497,68],{"class":67},[57,35499,72],{"class":71},[57,35501,1590],{"class":75},[57,35503,79],{"class":71},[57,35505,35506],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35507,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35509,35510,35512,35514,35516,35518,35520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35511,119],{"class":118},[57,35513,101],{"class":93},[57,35515,34613],{"class":118},[57,35517,101],{"class":93},[57,35519,1056],{"class":97},[57,35521,640],{"class":93},[57,35523,35524,35526,35528,35530,35532,35534],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,35525,32392],{"class":118},[57,35527,101],{"class":93},[57,35529,1056],{"class":97},[57,35531,94],{"class":93},[57,35533,34717],{"class":24987},[57,35535,112],{"class":93},[20,35537,136,35538,35540,35541,35543,35544,35546],{},[15,35539,34552],{}," first to find a method name.",[10081,35542],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35545,35265],{}," to understand how to use it.",[43,35548,25595],{"id":25594},[20,35550,35551],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[572,35553,35555,35557],{"id":35554},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35556,34552],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35559,35560,35562],{},[15,35561,34552],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35564,35565,35566,35568,35569,35572],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35567,34717],{}," in ",[15,35570,35571],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[572,35574,35576],{"id":35575},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35578,35579],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35581,35582],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[572,35584,35586],{"id":35585},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35588,35589],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35591,5705],{},[30,35593,35594,35599,35605],{},[33,35595,35596,35598],{},[15,35597,35571],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35600,35601,35604],{},[15,35602,35603],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35606,35607,35610,35611,35319],{},[15,35608,35609],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35612,18651],{},[572,35614,35616],{"id":35615},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35618,35619,35620,35622],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35621,34552],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35624,35625,35628,35631],{},[33,35626,35627],{},"what it does",[33,35629,35630],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35632,35633],{},"what it returns",[20,35635,35636,35637,35639],{},"That is why ",[15,35638,35265],{}," is the natural next step.",[43,35641,1673],{"id":1672},[20,35643,35644,35645,35647],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35646,34552],{}," in these situations:",[30,35649,35650,35653,35662,35665],{},[33,35651,35652],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35654,35655,35656,35661],{},"Seeing an ",[293,35657,35659],{"href":35658},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35660,25909],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35663,35664],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35666,425,35667,35669,35670],{},[15,35668,34552],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35671,35265],{},[20,35673,35674],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[48,35676,35678],{"className":50,"code":35677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35679,35680,35692,35696,35710,35724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35681,35682,35684,35686,35688,35690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35683,8112],{"class":63},[57,35685,68],{"class":67},[57,35687,72],{"class":71},[57,35689,1590],{"class":75},[57,35691,79],{"class":71},[57,35693,35694],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35695,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35697,35698,35700,35702,35704,35706,35708],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35699,119],{"class":118},[57,35701,101],{"class":93},[57,35703,1257],{"class":1256},[57,35705,101],{"class":93},[57,35707,1056],{"class":97},[57,35709,640],{"class":93},[57,35711,35712,35714,35716,35718,35720,35722],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,35713,119],{"class":118},[57,35715,101],{"class":93},[57,35717,34613],{"class":118},[57,35719,101],{"class":93},[57,35721,1056],{"class":97},[57,35723,640],{"class":93},[57,35725,35726,35728,35730,35732,35734,35736],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,35727,32392],{"class":118},[57,35729,101],{"class":93},[57,35731,1056],{"class":97},[57,35733,94],{"class":93},[57,35735,34717],{"class":24987},[57,35737,112],{"class":93},[20,35739,35740],{},"And for modules:",[48,35742,35743],{"className":50,"code":35322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,35744,35745,35751,35755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35746,35747,35749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35748,35329],{"class":4110},[57,35750,35332],{"class":63},[57,35752,35753],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35754,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,35756,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35758,119],{"class":118},[57,35760,101],{"class":93},[57,35762,34613],{"class":118},[57,35764,101],{"class":93},[57,35766,18651],{"class":97},[57,35768,640],{"class":93},[20,35770,35771],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[48,35773,35775],{"className":50,"code":35774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35776,35777,35782,35794,35804,35818,35824],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35778,35779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35780,35781],{"class":63},"python\n",[57,35783,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,35785,8112],{"class":63},[57,35787,68],{"class":67},[57,35789,72],{"class":71},[57,35791,1590],{"class":75},[57,35793,79],{"class":71},[57,35795,35796,35798,35800,35802],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,35797,34613],{"class":118},[57,35799,101],{"class":93},[57,35801,1056],{"class":97},[57,35803,112],{"class":93},[57,35805,35806,35808,35810,35812,35814,35816],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,35807,32392],{"class":118},[57,35809,101],{"class":93},[57,35811,1056],{"class":97},[57,35813,94],{"class":93},[57,35815,34717],{"class":24987},[57,35817,112],{"class":93},[57,35819,35820,35822],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,35821,35329],{"class":4110},[57,35823,35332],{"class":63},[57,35825,35826,35828,35830,35832],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,35827,34613],{"class":118},[57,35829,101],{"class":93},[57,35831,18651],{"class":97},[57,35833,112],{"class":93},[43,35835,2075],{"id":2074},[572,35837,2112,35839,5377],{"id":35838},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35840,34552],{},[20,35842,35843],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[572,35845,2079,35847,2082,35849,2085],{"id":35846},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35848,34552],{},[15,35850,35265],{},[20,35852,35853,35855,35856,35858],{},[15,35854,34552],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35857,35265],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[572,35860,35862,35863,35865],{"id":35861},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35864,34552],{}," output?",[20,35867,35868],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[572,35870,5402,35872,35874,35875,2085],{"id":35871},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35873,34552],{}," help fix ",[15,35876,25909],{},[20,35878,35879,35880,94],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[293,35881,35882],{"href":35658},"object has no attribute",[43,35884,2132],{"id":2131},[30,35886,35887,35893,35898,35902,35906],{},[33,35888,35889],{},[293,35890,3809,35891,3742],{"href":35262},[15,35892,35265],{},[33,35894,35895],{},[293,35896,35897],{"href":35658},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35899,35900],{},[293,35901,35389],{"href":35388},[33,35903,35904],{},[293,35905,35395],{"href":35394},[33,35907,35908],{},[293,35909,3809,35910,3742],{"href":35046},[15,35911,2536],{},[20,35913,35914,35915,35917,35918,35920],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35916,34552],{}," together with ",[15,35919,35265],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2161,35922,35923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":35925},[35926,35927,35929,35934,35939,35941,35942,35948,35953,35960,35961,35971],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":34727,"depth":82,"text":35928},"What dir() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":35930},[35931,35933],{"id":34780,"depth":115,"text":35932},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34836,"depth":115,"text":34624},{"id":34904,"depth":82,"text":35935,"children":35936},"Using dir() with a value",[35937,35938],{"id":34916,"depth":115,"text":34917},{"id":34975,"depth":115,"text":34976},{"id":35055,"depth":82,"text":35940},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35155,"depth":82,"text":35156},{"id":35301,"depth":82,"text":35943,"children":35944},"dir() on modules",[35945,35947],{"id":35315,"depth":115,"text":35946},"Example: math module",{"id":35398,"depth":115,"text":35399},{"id":35448,"depth":82,"text":35949,"children":35950},"dir() vs help()",[35951,35952],{"id":34613,"depth":115,"text":34552},{"id":32392,"depth":115,"text":35265},{"id":25594,"depth":82,"text":25595,"children":35954},[35955,35957,35958,35959],{"id":35554,"depth":115,"text":35956},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35575,"depth":115,"text":35576},{"id":35585,"depth":115,"text":35586},{"id":35615,"depth":115,"text":35616},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":35962},[35963,35965,35967,35969],{"id":35838,"depth":115,"text":35964},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35846,"depth":115,"text":35966},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35861,"depth":115,"text":35968},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35871,"depth":115,"text":35970},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34544,"description":35972},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35979,"title":35980,"body":35981,"description":37800,"extension":2201,"meta":37801,"navigation":217,"path":37802,"seo":37803,"stem":37804,"__hash__":37805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35982,"toc":37769},[35983,35989,35994,35997,36005,36011,36013,36093,36095,36121,36126,36131,36136,36139,36150,36153,36155,36234,36236,36262,36269,36271,36273,36298,36301,36314,36319,36321,36402,36404,36430,36439,36444,36452,36458,36465,36468,36470,36549,36552,36609,36611,36648,36654,36659,36664,36667,36681,36683,36786,36788,36831,36840,36850,36857,36863,36870,36953,36955,36978,36981,36984,36986,36990,36994,36997,37060,37083,37086,37090,37096,37098,37165,37168,37245,37250,37256,37259,37262,37307,37309,37333,37338,37342,37347,37353,37416,37419,37421,37424,37449,37452,37587,37589,37690,37692,37697,37700,37706,37716,37724,37729,37735,37741,37743,37766],[10,35984,3809,35986,3813],{"id":35985},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35987,35988],{},"enumerate()",[20,35990,35991,35993],{},[15,35992,35988],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35995,35996],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35998,35999,36002],{},[33,36000,36001],{},"the item itself",[33,36003,36004],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36006,36007,36008,36010],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36009,35988],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[43,36012,46],{"id":45},[48,36014,36016],{"className":50,"code":36015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36017,36018,36050,36054,36077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36019,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36021,13308],{"class":63},[57,36023,68],{"class":67},[57,36025,1380],{"class":93},[57,36027,104],{"class":71},[57,36029,264],{"class":75},[57,36031,104],{"class":71},[57,36033,107],{"class":93},[57,36035,72],{"class":71},[57,36037,283],{"class":75},[57,36039,104],{"class":71},[57,36041,107],{"class":93},[57,36043,72],{"class":71},[57,36045,274],{"class":75},[57,36047,104],{"class":71},[57,36049,288],{"class":93},[57,36051,36052],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36053,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36055,36056,36058,36061,36063,36066,36068,36071,36073,36075],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36057,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36059,36060],{"class":63}," index",[57,36062,107],{"class":93},[57,36064,36065],{"class":63}," color ",[57,36067,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36069,36070],{"class":118}," enumerate",[57,36072,101],{"class":93},[57,36074,17736],{"class":97},[57,36076,8577],{"class":93},[57,36078,36079,36081,36083,36086,36088,36091],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36080,8304],{"class":118},[57,36082,101],{"class":93},[57,36084,36085],{"class":97},"index",[57,36087,107],{"class":93},[57,36089,36090],{"class":97}," color",[57,36092,112],{"class":93},[20,36094,243],{},[48,36096,36098],{"className":50,"code":36097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36099,36100,36107,36114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36101,36102,36104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36103,1277],{"class":1023},[57,36105,36106],{"class":63}," red\n",[57,36108,36109,36111],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36110,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36112,36113],{"class":63}," green\n",[57,36115,36116,36118],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36117,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36119,36120],{"class":63}," blue\n",[20,36122,136,36123,36125],{},[15,36124,35988],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[43,36127,143,36129,146],{"id":36128},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36130,35988],{},[20,36132,36133,36135],{},[15,36134,35988],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36137,36138],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,36140,36141,36143,36145,36147],{},[33,36142,5532],{},[33,36144,5535],{},[33,36146,5541],{},[33,36148,36149],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36151,36152],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36154,179],{},[48,36156,36158],{"className":50,"code":36157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36159,36160,36194,36198,36219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36161,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36181,36183,36185,36187,36190,36192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36163,5227],{"class":63},[57,36165,68],{"class":67},[57,36167,1380],{"class":93},[57,36169,104],{"class":71},[57,36171,13112],{"class":75},[57,36173,104],{"class":71},[57,36175,107],{"class":93},[57,36177,72],{"class":71},[57,36179,36180],{"class":75},"Ben",[57,36182,104],{"class":71},[57,36184,107],{"class":93},[57,36186,72],{"class":71},[57,36188,36189],{"class":75},"Cara",[57,36191,104],{"class":71},[57,36193,288],{"class":93},[57,36195,36196],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36197,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36199,36200,36202,36204,36206,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36201,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36203,36060],{"class":63},[57,36205,107],{"class":93},[57,36207,36208],{"class":63}," name ",[57,36210,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36212,36070],{"class":118},[57,36214,101],{"class":93},[57,36216,5271],{"class":97},[57,36218,8577],{"class":93},[57,36220,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36232],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36222,8304],{"class":118},[57,36224,101],{"class":93},[57,36226,36085],{"class":97},[57,36228,107],{"class":93},[57,36230,36231],{"class":97}," name",[57,36233,112],{"class":93},[20,36235,243],{},[48,36237,36239],{"className":50,"code":36238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36240,36241,36248,36255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36242,36243,36245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36244,1277],{"class":1023},[57,36246,36247],{"class":63}," Ana\n",[57,36249,36250,36252],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36251,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36253,36254],{"class":63}," Ben\n",[57,36256,36257,36259],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36258,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36260,36261],{"class":63}," Cara\n",[20,36263,36264,36265,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[293,36266,36268],{"href":36267},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[43,36270,300],{"id":299},[20,36272,2395],{},[48,36274,36276],{"className":50,"code":36275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36277,36278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36279,36280,36283,36285,36287,36289,36292,36294,36296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36281,36282],{"class":118},"enumerate",[57,36284,101],{"class":93},[57,36286,3955],{"class":97},[57,36288,107],{"class":93},[57,36290,36291],{"class":9411}," start",[57,36293,68],{"class":67},[57,36295,1277],{"class":1023},[57,36297,112],{"class":93},[20,36299,36300],{},"It has two parts:",[30,36302,36303,36308],{},[33,36304,36305,36307],{},[15,36306,3955],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,36309,36310,36313],{},[15,36311,36312],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36315,36316,36317,94],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36318,1277],{},[20,36320,179],{},[48,36322,36324],{"className":50,"code":36323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36325,36326,36359,36363,36386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36327,36328,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36329,36330],{"class":63},"letters ",[57,36332,68],{"class":67},[57,36334,1380],{"class":93},[57,36336,104],{"class":71},[57,36338,293],{"class":75},[57,36340,104],{"class":71},[57,36342,107],{"class":93},[57,36344,72],{"class":71},[57,36346,664],{"class":75},[57,36348,104],{"class":71},[57,36350,107],{"class":93},[57,36352,72],{"class":71},[57,36354,673],{"class":75},[57,36356,104],{"class":71},[57,36358,288],{"class":93},[57,36360,36361],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36362,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36364,36365,36367,36370,36372,36375,36377,36379,36381,36384],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36366,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36368,36369],{"class":63}," i",[57,36371,107],{"class":93},[57,36373,36374],{"class":63}," letter ",[57,36376,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36378,36070],{"class":118},[57,36380,101],{"class":93},[57,36382,36383],{"class":97},"letters",[57,36385,8577],{"class":93},[57,36387,36388,36390,36392,36395,36397,36400],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36389,8304],{"class":118},[57,36391,101],{"class":93},[57,36393,36394],{"class":97},"i",[57,36396,107],{"class":93},[57,36398,36399],{"class":97}," letter",[57,36401,112],{"class":93},[20,36403,243],{},[48,36405,36407],{"className":50,"code":36406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36408,36409,36416,36423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36410,36411,36413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36412,1277],{"class":1023},[57,36414,36415],{"class":63}," a\n",[57,36417,36418,36420],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36419,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36421,36422],{"class":63}," b\n",[57,36424,36425,36427],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36426,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36428,36429],{"class":63}," c\n",[20,36431,36432,36433,94],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[293,36434,3809,36436,3742],{"href":36435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36437,36438],{},"range()",[43,36440,143,36442,1179],{"id":36441},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36443,35988],{},[20,36445,36446,36448,36449,94],{},[15,36447,35988],{}," returns an ",[153,36450,36451],{},"enumerate object",[20,36453,36454,36455,36457],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36456,6191],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,36459,36460],{},[33,36461,36462],{},[15,36463,36464],{},"(index, item)",[20,36466,36467],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36469,179],{},[48,36471,36473],{"className":50,"code":36472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36474,36475,36508,36512,36534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36476,36477,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36478,36479],{"class":63},"fruits ",[57,36481,68],{"class":67},[57,36483,1380],{"class":93},[57,36485,104],{"class":71},[57,36487,836],{"class":75},[57,36489,104],{"class":71},[57,36491,107],{"class":93},[57,36493,72],{"class":71},[57,36495,845],{"class":75},[57,36497,104],{"class":71},[57,36499,107],{"class":93},[57,36501,72],{"class":71},[57,36503,33461],{"class":75},[57,36505,104],{"class":71},[57,36507,288],{"class":93},[57,36509,36510],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36511,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36513,36514,36516,36518,36520,36523,36525,36527,36529,36532],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36515,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36517,36060],{"class":63},[57,36519,107],{"class":93},[57,36521,36522],{"class":63}," fruit ",[57,36524,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36526,36070],{"class":118},[57,36528,101],{"class":93},[57,36530,36531],{"class":97},"fruits",[57,36533,8577],{"class":93},[57,36535,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36547],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36537,8304],{"class":118},[57,36539,101],{"class":93},[57,36541,36085],{"class":97},[57,36543,107],{"class":93},[57,36545,36546],{"class":97}," fruit",[57,36548,112],{"class":93},[20,36550,36551],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[48,36553,36555],{"className":50,"code":36554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36556,36557,36577,36581,36599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36558,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36560,3853],{"class":63},[57,36562,68],{"class":67},[57,36564,1380],{"class":93},[57,36566,941],{"class":1023},[57,36568,107],{"class":93},[57,36570,8025],{"class":1023},[57,36572,107],{"class":93},[57,36574,8030],{"class":1023},[57,36576,288],{"class":93},[57,36578,36579],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36580,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36582,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36584,2463],{"class":63},[57,36586,68],{"class":67},[57,36588,22796],{"class":1256},[57,36590,101],{"class":93},[57,36592,36282],{"class":118},[57,36594,101],{"class":93},[57,36596,3883],{"class":97},[57,36598,640],{"class":93},[57,36600,36601,36603,36605,36607],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36602,119],{"class":118},[57,36604,101],{"class":93},[57,36606,2498],{"class":97},[57,36608,112],{"class":93},[20,36610,243],{},[48,36612,36614],{"className":50,"code":36613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36615,36616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36617,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36619,21976],{"class":93},[57,36621,1277],{"class":1023},[57,36623,107],{"class":93},[57,36625,6238],{"class":1023},[57,36627,9469],{"class":93},[57,36629,9472],{"class":93},[57,36631,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36633,107],{"class":93},[57,36635,8025],{"class":1023},[57,36637,9469],{"class":93},[57,36639,9472],{"class":93},[57,36641,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36643,107],{"class":93},[57,36645,8030],{"class":1023},[57,36647,9485],{"class":93},[20,36649,36650,36651,36653],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36652,35988],{}," produces.",[43,36655,1637,36657],{"id":36656},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36658,35988],{},[20,36660,136,36661,36663],{},[15,36662,35988],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36665,36666],{},"Common cases:",[30,36668,36669,36672,36675,36678],{},[33,36670,36671],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36673,36674],{},"building menus",[33,36676,36677],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36679,36680],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36682,179],{},[48,36684,36686],{"className":50,"code":36685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36687,36688,36723,36727,36757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36689,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36701,36703,36705,36707,36710,36712,36714,36716,36719,36721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36691,30136],{"class":63},[57,36693,68],{"class":67},[57,36695,1380],{"class":93},[57,36697,104],{"class":71},[57,36699,36700],{"class":75},"Wash dishes",[57,36702,104],{"class":71},[57,36704,107],{"class":93},[57,36706,72],{"class":71},[57,36708,36709],{"class":75},"Study Python",[57,36711,104],{"class":71},[57,36713,107],{"class":93},[57,36715,72],{"class":71},[57,36717,36718],{"class":75},"Go for a walk",[57,36720,104],{"class":71},[57,36722,288],{"class":93},[57,36724,36725],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36726,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36728,36729,36731,36733,36735,36738,36740,36742,36744,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36730,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36732,2430],{"class":63},[57,36734,107],{"class":93},[57,36736,36737],{"class":63}," task ",[57,36739,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36741,36070],{"class":118},[57,36743,101],{"class":93},[57,36745,36746],{"class":97},"tasks",[57,36748,107],{"class":93},[57,36750,36291],{"class":9411},[57,36752,68],{"class":67},[57,36754,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36756,8577],{"class":93},[57,36758,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36780,36782,36784],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36760,8304],{"class":118},[57,36762,101],{"class":93},[57,36764,22530],{"class":1326},[57,36766,104],{"class":75},[57,36768,9514],{"class":1023},[57,36770,2473],{"class":97},[57,36772,22539],{"class":1023},[57,36774,28552],{"class":75},[57,36776,9514],{"class":1023},[57,36778,36779],{"class":97},"task",[57,36781,22539],{"class":1023},[57,36783,104],{"class":75},[57,36785,112],{"class":93},[20,36787,243],{},[48,36789,36791],{"className":50,"code":36790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36792,36793,36805,36817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36794,36795,36797,36799,36802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36796,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36798,94],{"class":93},[57,36800,36801],{"class":24987}," Wash",[57,36803,36804],{"class":63}," dishes\n",[57,36806,36807,36809,36811,36814],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36808,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36810,94],{"class":93},[57,36812,36813],{"class":24987}," Study",[57,36815,36816],{"class":63}," Python\n",[57,36818,36819,36821,36823,36826,36828],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36820,2299],{"class":1023},[57,36822,94],{"class":93},[57,36824,36825],{"class":24987}," Go",[57,36827,4111],{"class":4110},[57,36829,36830],{"class":63}," a walk\n",[20,36832,36833,36834,36836,36837,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36835,35988],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36838,36839],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36841,36842,36843,94],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[293,36844,36846,36847,36849],{"href":36845},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36848,35988],{}," in Python",[43,36851,36853,36854,36856],{"id":36852},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36855,36312],{}," argument",[20,36858,36859,36860,36862],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36861,36312],{}," argument.",[20,36864,36865,36866,11325,36868,1016],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36867,3224],{},[15,36869,1277],{},[48,36871,36873],{"className":50,"code":36872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36874,36875,36907,36911,36939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36876,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36878,13308],{"class":63},[57,36880,68],{"class":67},[57,36882,1380],{"class":93},[57,36884,104],{"class":71},[57,36886,264],{"class":75},[57,36888,104],{"class":71},[57,36890,107],{"class":93},[57,36892,72],{"class":71},[57,36894,283],{"class":75},[57,36896,104],{"class":71},[57,36898,107],{"class":93},[57,36900,72],{"class":71},[57,36902,274],{"class":75},[57,36904,104],{"class":71},[57,36906,288],{"class":93},[57,36908,36909],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36910,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,36912,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36914,6191],{"class":4110},[57,36916,36060],{"class":63},[57,36918,107],{"class":93},[57,36920,36065],{"class":63},[57,36922,4117],{"class":4110},[57,36924,36070],{"class":118},[57,36926,101],{"class":93},[57,36928,17736],{"class":97},[57,36930,107],{"class":93},[57,36932,36291],{"class":9411},[57,36934,68],{"class":67},[57,36936,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36938,8577],{"class":93},[57,36940,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,36942,8304],{"class":118},[57,36944,101],{"class":93},[57,36946,36085],{"class":97},[57,36948,107],{"class":93},[57,36950,36090],{"class":97},[57,36952,112],{"class":93},[20,36954,243],{},[48,36956,36958],{"className":50,"code":36957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36959,36960,36966,36972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36961,36962,36964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36963,3224],{"class":1023},[57,36965,36106],{"class":63},[57,36967,36968,36970],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,36969,1931],{"class":1023},[57,36971,36113],{"class":63},[57,36973,36974,36976],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,36975,2299],{"class":1023},[57,36977,36120],{"class":63},[20,36979,36980],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36982,36983],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[43,36985,25595],{"id":25594},[20,36987,25598,36988,94],{},[15,36989,35988],{},[572,36991,36993],{"id":36992},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36995,36996],{},"In this loop:",[48,36998,37000],{"className":50,"code":36999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37001,37002,37022,37026,37046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37003,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37005,3853],{"class":63},[57,37007,68],{"class":67},[57,37009,1380],{"class":93},[57,37011,941],{"class":1023},[57,37013,107],{"class":93},[57,37015,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37017,107],{"class":93},[57,37019,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37021,288],{"class":93},[57,37023,37024],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37025,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,37027,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37029,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37031,36060],{"class":63},[57,37033,107],{"class":93},[57,37035,21820],{"class":63},[57,37037,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37039,36070],{"class":118},[57,37041,101],{"class":93},[57,37043,3883],{"class":97},[57,37045,8577],{"class":93},[57,37047,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37049,8304],{"class":118},[57,37051,101],{"class":93},[57,37053,36085],{"class":97},[57,37055,107],{"class":93},[57,37057,8668],{"class":97},[57,37059,112],{"class":93},[30,37061,37062,37072],{},[33,37063,37064,5016,37066,754,37068,754,37070],{},[15,37065,36085],{},[15,37067,1277],{},[15,37069,3224],{},[15,37071,1931],{},[33,37073,37074,5016,37076,754,37078,754,37080],{},[15,37075,2708],{},[15,37077,941],{},[15,37079,15987],{},[15,37081,37082],{},"30",[20,37084,37085],{},"These are different things.",[572,37087,37089],{"id":37088},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37091,37092,37093,37095],{},"Each item from ",[15,37094,35988],{}," is a pair.",[20,37097,6923],{},[48,37099,37101],{"className":50,"code":37100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37102,37103,37127,37131,37151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37104,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37106,8014],{"class":63},[57,37108,68],{"class":67},[57,37110,1380],{"class":93},[57,37112,104],{"class":71},[57,37114,2409],{"class":75},[57,37116,104],{"class":71},[57,37118,107],{"class":93},[57,37120,72],{"class":71},[57,37122,11977],{"class":75},[57,37124,104],{"class":71},[57,37126,288],{"class":93},[57,37128,37129],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37130,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,37132,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37134,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37136,36369],{"class":63},[57,37138,107],{"class":93},[57,37140,6194],{"class":63},[57,37142,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37144,36070],{"class":118},[57,37146,101],{"class":93},[57,37148,8045],{"class":97},[57,37150,8577],{"class":93},[57,37152,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37154,8304],{"class":118},[57,37156,101],{"class":93},[57,37158,36394],{"class":97},[57,37160,107],{"class":93},[57,37162,29745],{"class":97},[57,37164,112],{"class":93},[20,37166,37167],{},"But this causes an error:",[48,37169,37171],{"className":50,"code":37170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37172,37173,37197,37201,37226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37174,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37176,8014],{"class":63},[57,37178,68],{"class":67},[57,37180,1380],{"class":93},[57,37182,104],{"class":71},[57,37184,2409],{"class":75},[57,37186,104],{"class":71},[57,37188,107],{"class":93},[57,37190,72],{"class":71},[57,37192,11977],{"class":75},[57,37194,104],{"class":71},[57,37196,288],{"class":93},[57,37198,37199],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37200,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,37202,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37204,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37206,36369],{"class":63},[57,37208,107],{"class":93},[57,37210,29745],{"class":63},[57,37212,107],{"class":93},[57,37214,37215],{"class":63}," extra ",[57,37217,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37219,36070],{"class":118},[57,37221,101],{"class":93},[57,37223,8045],{"class":97},[57,37225,8577],{"class":93},[57,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37243],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37229,8304],{"class":118},[57,37231,101],{"class":93},[57,37233,36394],{"class":97},[57,37235,107],{"class":93},[57,37237,29745],{"class":97},[57,37239,107],{"class":93},[57,37241,37242],{"class":97}," extra",[57,37244,112],{"class":93},[20,37246,2125,37247,37249],{},[15,37248,35988],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[572,37251,37253,37255],{"id":37252},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37254,35988],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37257,37258],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37260,37261],{},"Example with a string:",[48,37263,37265],{"className":50,"code":37264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37266,37267,37292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37268,37269,37271,37273,37275,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37270,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37272,36060],{"class":63},[57,37274,107],{"class":93},[57,37276,37277],{"class":63}," char ",[57,37279,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37281,36070],{"class":118},[57,37283,101],{"class":93},[57,37285,104],{"class":71},[57,37287,1296],{"class":75},[57,37289,104],{"class":71},[57,37291,8577],{"class":93},[57,37293,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37305],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37295,8304],{"class":118},[57,37297,101],{"class":93},[57,37299,36085],{"class":97},[57,37301,107],{"class":93},[57,37303,37304],{"class":97}," char",[57,37306,112],{"class":93},[20,37308,243],{},[48,37310,37312],{"className":50,"code":37311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37313,37314,37320,37326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37315,37316,37318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37317,1277],{"class":1023},[57,37319,36429],{"class":63},[57,37321,37322,37324],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37323,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37325,36415],{"class":63},[57,37327,37328,37330],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37329,1931],{"class":1023},[57,37331,37332],{"class":63}," t\n",[20,37334,37335,37336,94],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[293,37337,5369],{"href":5819},[572,37339,37341],{"id":37340},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37343,37344,37345,94],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37346,35988],{},[20,37348,37349,37350,37352],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37351,6191],{}," loop:",[48,37354,37356],{"className":50,"code":37355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37357,37358,37390,37394,37406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37359,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37361,13308],{"class":63},[57,37363,68],{"class":67},[57,37365,1380],{"class":93},[57,37367,104],{"class":71},[57,37369,264],{"class":75},[57,37371,104],{"class":71},[57,37373,107],{"class":93},[57,37375,72],{"class":71},[57,37377,283],{"class":75},[57,37379,104],{"class":71},[57,37381,107],{"class":93},[57,37383,72],{"class":71},[57,37385,274],{"class":75},[57,37387,104],{"class":71},[57,37389,288],{"class":93},[57,37391,37392],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37393,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,37395,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37397,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37399,36065],{"class":63},[57,37401,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37403,13354],{"class":63},[57,37405,6628],{"class":93},[57,37407,37408,37410,37412,37414],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37409,8304],{"class":118},[57,37411,101],{"class":93},[57,37413,33131],{"class":97},[57,37415,112],{"class":93},[20,37417,37418],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[43,37420,1673],{"id":1672},[20,37422,37423],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,37425,37426,37431,37437,37442],{},[33,37427,23337,37428,37430],{},[15,37429,35988],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,37432,37433,37434,37436],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37435,1277],{}," by default",[33,37438,425,37439,37441],{},[15,37440,35988],{}," when only values are needed",[33,37443,37444,37445,8940,37447],{},"Confusing ",[15,37446,35988],{},[15,37448,36438],{},[20,37450,37451],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[48,37453,37455],{"className":50,"code":37454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37456,37457,37479,37506,37540,37573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37458,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37460,119],{"class":118},[57,37462,101],{"class":93},[57,37464,36282],{"class":118},[57,37466,3221],{"class":93},[57,37468,941],{"class":1023},[57,37470,107],{"class":93},[57,37472,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37474,107],{"class":93},[57,37476,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37478,3235],{"class":93},[57,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37482,119],{"class":118},[57,37484,101],{"class":93},[57,37486,1188],{"class":1256},[57,37488,101],{"class":93},[57,37490,36282],{"class":118},[57,37492,3221],{"class":93},[57,37494,941],{"class":1023},[57,37496,107],{"class":93},[57,37498,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37500,107],{"class":93},[57,37502,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37504,37505],{"class":93},"])))\n",[57,37507,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37509,119],{"class":118},[57,37511,101],{"class":93},[57,37513,1188],{"class":1256},[57,37515,101],{"class":93},[57,37517,36282],{"class":118},[57,37519,3221],{"class":93},[57,37521,941],{"class":1023},[57,37523,107],{"class":93},[57,37525,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37527,107],{"class":93},[57,37529,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37531,18296],{"class":93},[57,37533,36291],{"class":9411},[57,37535,68],{"class":67},[57,37537,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37539,2028],{"class":93},[57,37541,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37543,6191],{"class":4110},[57,37545,36369],{"class":63},[57,37547,107],{"class":93},[57,37549,21820],{"class":63},[57,37551,4117],{"class":4110},[57,37553,36070],{"class":118},[57,37555,3221],{"class":93},[57,37557,261],{"class":71},[57,37559,293],{"class":75},[57,37561,261],{"class":71},[57,37563,107],{"class":93},[57,37565,271],{"class":71},[57,37567,664],{"class":75},[57,37569,261],{"class":71},[57,37571,37572],{"class":93},"]):\n",[57,37574,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,37576,8304],{"class":118},[57,37578,101],{"class":93},[57,37580,36394],{"class":97},[57,37582,107],{"class":93},[57,37584,8668],{"class":97},[57,37586,112],{"class":93},[20,37588,17192],{},[48,37590,37592],{"className":50,"code":37591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37593,37594,37614,37646,37678,37684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37595,37596,37598,37600,37602,37605,37609,37612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37597,1323],{"class":67},[57,37599,36282],{"class":118},[57,37601,24854],{"class":1256},[57,37603,37604],{"class":63}," at ",[57,37606,37608],{"class":37607},"srjyR","0x",[57,37610,37611],{"class":472},"...",[57,37613,1336],{"class":67},[57,37615,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37617,21976],{"class":93},[57,37619,1277],{"class":1023},[57,37621,107],{"class":93},[57,37623,6238],{"class":1023},[57,37625,9469],{"class":93},[57,37627,9472],{"class":93},[57,37629,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37631,107],{"class":93},[57,37633,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37635,9469],{"class":93},[57,37637,9472],{"class":93},[57,37639,1931],{"class":1023},[57,37641,107],{"class":93},[57,37643,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37645,9485],{"class":93},[57,37647,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37649,21976],{"class":93},[57,37651,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37653,107],{"class":93},[57,37655,6238],{"class":1023},[57,37657,9469],{"class":93},[57,37659,9472],{"class":93},[57,37661,1931],{"class":1023},[57,37663,107],{"class":93},[57,37665,8025],{"class":1023},[57,37667,9469],{"class":93},[57,37669,9472],{"class":93},[57,37671,2299],{"class":1023},[57,37673,107],{"class":93},[57,37675,8030],{"class":1023},[57,37677,9485],{"class":93},[57,37679,37680,37682],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,37681,1277],{"class":1023},[57,37683,36415],{"class":63},[57,37685,37686,37688],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,37687,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37689,36422],{"class":63},[43,37691,2075],{"id":2074},[572,37693,2112,37695,5377],{"id":37694},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37696,35988],{},[20,37698,37699],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[572,37701,2099,37703,37705],{"id":37702},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37704,35988],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37707,37708,37709,37711,37712,37715],{},"It starts at ",[15,37710,1277],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37713,37714],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[572,37717,21656,37719,11325,37721,2085],{"id":37718},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37720,35988],{},[15,37722,37723],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37725,36833,37726,37728],{},[15,37727,35988],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[572,37730,5402,37732,37734],{"id":37731},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37733,35988],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37736,37737,37738,37740],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37739,35988],{}," can return each character with its index.",[43,37742,2132],{"id":2131},[30,37744,37745,37749,37755,37762],{},[33,37746,37747],{},[293,37748,36268],{"href":36267},[33,37750,37751],{},[293,37752,3809,37753,3742],{"href":36435},[15,37754,36438],{},[33,37756,37757],{},[293,37758,37759,37760,36849],{"href":36845},"How to use ",[15,37761,35988],{},[33,37763,37764],{},[293,37765,5448],{"href":5819},[2161,37767,37768],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":37770},[37771,37772,37774,37775,37777,37779,37781,37788,37789,37799],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":36128,"depth":82,"text":37773},"What enumerate() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":36441,"depth":82,"text":37776},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36656,"depth":82,"text":37778},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36852,"depth":82,"text":37780},"Using the start argument",{"id":25594,"depth":82,"text":25595,"children":37782},[37783,37784,37785,37787],{"id":36992,"depth":115,"text":36993},{"id":37088,"depth":115,"text":37089},{"id":37252,"depth":115,"text":37786},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37340,"depth":115,"text":37341},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":37790},[37791,37793,37795,37797],{"id":37694,"depth":115,"text":37792},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37702,"depth":115,"text":37794},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37718,"depth":115,"text":37796},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37731,"depth":115,"text":37798},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35980,"description":37800},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37807,"title":37808,"body":37809,"description":40323,"extension":2201,"meta":40324,"navigation":217,"path":40325,"seo":40326,"stem":40327,"__hash__":40328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37810,"toc":40280},[37811,37817,37822,37825,37833,37847,37849,37940,37948,37953,37958,37960,37976,37978,38057,38059,38076,38082,38086,38088,38109,38113,38116,38128,38132,38135,38138,38155,38158,38234,38236,38253,38258,38262,38270,38273,38288,38290,38379,38381,38426,38429,38433,38436,38515,38517,38538,38541,38548,38553,38556,38659,38661,38686,38689,38696,38702,38707,38710,38721,38827,38829,38850,38858,38865,38871,38890,38895,38898,38917,38919,39004,39006,39035,39038,39043,39048,39051,39062,39064,39153,39155,39175,39181,39287,39289,39309,39312,39396,39398,39418,39425,39427,39431,39437,39440,39497,39500,39503,39564,39573,39576,39579,39607,39610,39670,39672,39689,39693,39696,39774,39776,39796,39799,39874,39878,39881,39883,39892,39897,39899,39950,39958,39970,39975,40036,40038,40055,40059,40122,40124,40149,40157,40159,40165,40171,40178,40186,40192,40195,40201,40211,40217,40223,40226,40243,40249,40251,40277],[10,37812,3809,37814,3813],{"id":37813},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37815,37816],{},"filter()",[20,37818,37819,37821],{},[15,37820,37816],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37823,37824],{},"It takes:",[30,37826,37827,37830],{},[33,37828,37829],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37831,37832],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37834,37835,37836,37839,37840,37843,37844,37846],{},"The result is ",[153,37837,37838],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37841,37842],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37845,25018],{}," to see the values.",[43,37848,46],{"id":45},[48,37850,37852],{"className":50,"code":37851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37853,37854,37887,37923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37855,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37857,3853],{"class":63},[57,37859,68],{"class":67},[57,37861,1380],{"class":93},[57,37863,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37865,107],{"class":93},[57,37867,1024],{"class":1023},[57,37869,107],{"class":93},[57,37871,2686],{"class":1023},[57,37873,107],{"class":93},[57,37875,2692],{"class":1023},[57,37877,107],{"class":93},[57,37879,4838],{"class":1023},[57,37881,107],{"class":93},[57,37883,37884],{"class":1023}," 6",[57,37886,288],{"class":93},[57,37888,37889,37891,37893,37896,37898,37901,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,37890,2463],{"class":63},[57,37892,68],{"class":67},[57,37894,37895],{"class":118}," filter",[57,37897,101],{"class":93},[57,37899,37900],{"class":1326},"lambda",[57,37902,37904],{"class":37903},"sFwrP"," x",[57,37906,1016],{"class":93},[57,37908,4114],{"class":97},[57,37910,6638],{"class":67},[57,37912,1024],{"class":1023},[57,37914,6643],{"class":67},[57,37916,4068],{"class":1023},[57,37918,107],{"class":93},[57,37920,4495],{"class":97},[57,37922,112],{"class":93},[57,37924,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,37926,119],{"class":118},[57,37928,101],{"class":93},[57,37930,1188],{"class":1256},[57,37932,101],{"class":93},[57,37934,2498],{"class":97},[57,37936,5594],{"class":93},[57,37938,37939],{"class":132},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37941,37942,37944,37945,37947],{},[15,37943,37816],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37946,25018],{}," to see the results.",[43,37949,143,37951,146],{"id":37950},"what-filter-does",[15,37952,37816],{},[20,37954,37955,37957],{},[15,37956,37816],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37959,2343],{},[30,37961,37962,37965,37971],{},[33,37963,37964],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37966,37967,37968,37970],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37969,3838],{},", the item is kept",[33,37972,37967,37973,37975],{},[15,37974,3909],{},", the item is removed",[20,37977,179],{},[48,37979,37981],{"className":50,"code":37980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37982,37983,38011,38015,38043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37984,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37986,3853],{"class":63},[57,37988,68],{"class":67},[57,37990,1380],{"class":93},[57,37992,3224],{"class":1023},[57,37994,107],{"class":93},[57,37996,1024],{"class":1023},[57,37998,107],{"class":93},[57,38000,2686],{"class":1023},[57,38002,107],{"class":93},[57,38004,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38006,107],{"class":93},[57,38008,4838],{"class":1023},[57,38010,288],{"class":93},[57,38012,38013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38014,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38016,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38018,2463],{"class":63},[57,38020,68],{"class":67},[57,38022,37895],{"class":118},[57,38024,101],{"class":93},[57,38026,37900],{"class":1326},[57,38028,37904],{"class":37903},[57,38030,1016],{"class":93},[57,38032,4114],{"class":97},[57,38034,4484],{"class":67},[57,38036,2686],{"class":1023},[57,38038,107],{"class":93},[57,38040,4495],{"class":97},[57,38042,112],{"class":93},[57,38044,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38046,119],{"class":118},[57,38048,101],{"class":93},[57,38050,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38052,101],{"class":93},[57,38054,2498],{"class":97},[57,38056,640],{"class":93},[20,38058,243],{},[48,38060,38062],{"className":50,"code":38061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38063,38064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38065,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38067,258],{"class":93},[57,38069,2740],{"class":1023},[57,38071,107],{"class":93},[57,38073,4838],{"class":1023},[57,38075,288],{"class":93},[20,38077,38078,38079,38081],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38080,2299],{}," are kept.",[43,38083,38085],{"id":38084},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38087,2395],{},[48,38089,38091],{"className":50,"code":38090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38092,38093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38094,38095,38097,38099,38102,38104,38107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38096,37842],{"class":118},[57,38098,101],{"class":93},[57,38100,38101],{"class":97},"function",[57,38103,107],{"class":93},[57,38105,38106],{"class":97}," iterable",[57,38108,112],{"class":93},[572,38110,38111],{"id":38101},[15,38112,38101],{},[20,38114,38115],{},"This is the test function.",[30,38117,38118,38121],{},[33,38119,38120],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,38122,38123,38124,3114,38126],{},"It should return ",[15,38125,3838],{},[15,38127,3909],{},[572,38129,38130],{"id":3955},[15,38131,3955],{},[20,38133,38134],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38136,38137],{},"It can be:",[30,38139,38140,38143,38146,38149,38152],{},[33,38141,38142],{},"a list",[33,38144,38145],{},"a tuple",[33,38147,38148],{},"a string",[33,38150,38151],{},"a set",[33,38153,38154],{},"another iterable object",[20,38156,38157],{},"Example with a tuple:",[48,38159,38161],{"className":50,"code":38160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38162,38163,38188,38192,38220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38164,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38166,3853],{"class":63},[57,38168,68],{"class":67},[57,38170,9472],{"class":93},[57,38172,941],{"class":1023},[57,38174,107],{"class":93},[57,38176,38177],{"class":1023}," 15",[57,38179,107],{"class":93},[57,38181,8025],{"class":1023},[57,38183,107],{"class":93},[57,38185,9541],{"class":1023},[57,38187,112],{"class":93},[57,38189,38190],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38191,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38193,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38195,2463],{"class":63},[57,38197,68],{"class":67},[57,38199,37895],{"class":118},[57,38201,101],{"class":93},[57,38203,37900],{"class":1326},[57,38205,37904],{"class":37903},[57,38207,1016],{"class":93},[57,38209,4114],{"class":97},[57,38211,5331],{"class":67},[57,38213,8025],{"class":1023},[57,38215,107],{"class":93},[57,38217,4495],{"class":97},[57,38219,112],{"class":93},[57,38221,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38223,119],{"class":118},[57,38225,101],{"class":93},[57,38227,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38229,101],{"class":93},[57,38231,2498],{"class":97},[57,38233,640],{"class":93},[20,38235,243],{},[48,38237,38239],{"className":50,"code":38238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38240,38241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38242,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38244,258],{"class":93},[57,38246,15987],{"class":1023},[57,38248,107],{"class":93},[57,38250,9541],{"class":1023},[57,38252,288],{"class":93},[20,38254,38255,38256,94],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[293,38257,5369],{"href":5819},[43,38259,38261],{"id":38260},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38263,38264,38265,22211,38267,94],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38266,37816],{},[153,38268,38269],{},"filter object",[20,38271,38272],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,38274,38275,38278,38283],{},[33,38276,38277],{},"loop through it",[33,38279,38280,38281],{},"convert it with ",[15,38282,25018],{},[33,38284,38280,38285],{},[15,38286,38287],{},"tuple()",[20,38289,179],{},[48,38291,38293],{"className":50,"code":38292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38294,38295,38337,38341,38351,38365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38296,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38298,2463],{"class":63},[57,38300,68],{"class":67},[57,38302,37895],{"class":118},[57,38304,101],{"class":93},[57,38306,37900],{"class":1326},[57,38308,37904],{"class":37903},[57,38310,1016],{"class":93},[57,38312,4114],{"class":97},[57,38314,4484],{"class":67},[57,38316,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38318,107],{"class":93},[57,38320,1380],{"class":93},[57,38322,3224],{"class":1023},[57,38324,107],{"class":93},[57,38326,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38328,107],{"class":93},[57,38330,2686],{"class":1023},[57,38332,107],{"class":93},[57,38334,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38336,1280],{"class":93},[57,38338,38339],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38340,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38342,38343,38345,38347,38349],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38344,119],{"class":118},[57,38346,101],{"class":93},[57,38348,2498],{"class":97},[57,38350,112],{"class":93},[57,38352,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38354,119],{"class":118},[57,38356,101],{"class":93},[57,38358,1257],{"class":1256},[57,38360,101],{"class":93},[57,38362,2498],{"class":97},[57,38364,640],{"class":93},[57,38366,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,38368,119],{"class":118},[57,38370,101],{"class":93},[57,38372,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38374,101],{"class":93},[57,38376,2498],{"class":97},[57,38378,640],{"class":93},[20,38380,243],{},[48,38382,38384],{"className":50,"code":38383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38385,38386,38400,38414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38387,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38389,1323],{"class":67},[57,38391,37842],{"class":118},[57,38393,24854],{"class":1256},[57,38395,37604],{"class":63},[57,38397,37611],{"class":472},[57,38399,1336],{"class":67},[57,38401,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38403,1323],{"class":67},[57,38405,1327],{"class":1326},[57,38407,271],{"class":71},[57,38409,37842],{"class":75},[57,38411,261],{"class":71},[57,38413,1336],{"class":67},[57,38415,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38417,258],{"class":93},[57,38419,2299],{"class":1023},[57,38421,107],{"class":93},[57,38423,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38425,288],{"class":93},[20,38427,38428],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[572,38430,38432],{"id":38431},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38434,38435],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[48,38437,38439],{"className":50,"code":38438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38440,38441,38483,38487,38501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38442,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38444,2463],{"class":63},[57,38446,68],{"class":67},[57,38448,37895],{"class":118},[57,38450,101],{"class":93},[57,38452,37900],{"class":1326},[57,38454,37904],{"class":37903},[57,38456,1016],{"class":93},[57,38458,4114],{"class":97},[57,38460,4484],{"class":67},[57,38462,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38464,107],{"class":93},[57,38466,1380],{"class":93},[57,38468,3224],{"class":1023},[57,38470,107],{"class":93},[57,38472,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38474,107],{"class":93},[57,38476,2686],{"class":1023},[57,38478,107],{"class":93},[57,38480,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38482,1280],{"class":93},[57,38484,38485],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38486,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38488,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38490,119],{"class":118},[57,38492,101],{"class":93},[57,38494,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38496,101],{"class":93},[57,38498,2498],{"class":97},[57,38500,640],{"class":93},[57,38502,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38504,119],{"class":118},[57,38506,101],{"class":93},[57,38508,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38510,101],{"class":93},[57,38512,2498],{"class":97},[57,38514,640],{"class":93},[20,38516,243],{},[48,38518,38520],{"className":50,"code":38519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38521,38522,38534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38523,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38525,258],{"class":93},[57,38527,2299],{"class":1023},[57,38529,107],{"class":93},[57,38531,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38533,288],{"class":93},[57,38535,38536],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38537,1506],{"class":93},[20,38539,38540],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[43,38542,425,38544,8940,38546],{"id":38543},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38545,37816],{},[15,38547,37900],{},[20,38549,15421,38550,38552],{},[15,38551,37900],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38554,38555],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[48,38557,38559],{"className":50,"code":38558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38560,38561,38603,38607,38645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38562,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38599,38601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38564,4304],{"class":63},[57,38566,68],{"class":67},[57,38568,1380],{"class":93},[57,38570,104],{"class":71},[57,38572,836],{"class":75},[57,38574,104],{"class":71},[57,38576,107],{"class":93},[57,38578,72],{"class":71},[57,38580,38581],{"class":75},"kiwi",[57,38583,104],{"class":71},[57,38585,107],{"class":93},[57,38587,72],{"class":71},[57,38589,845],{"class":75},[57,38591,104],{"class":71},[57,38593,107],{"class":93},[57,38595,72],{"class":71},[57,38597,38598],{"class":75},"fig",[57,38600,104],{"class":71},[57,38602,288],{"class":93},[57,38604,38605],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38606,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38622,38624,38627,38629,38632,38634,38637,38639,38641,38643],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38610,2463],{"class":63},[57,38612,68],{"class":67},[57,38614,37895],{"class":118},[57,38616,101],{"class":93},[57,38618,37900],{"class":1326},[57,38620,38621],{"class":37903}," word",[57,38623,1016],{"class":93},[57,38625,38626],{"class":118}," len",[57,38628,101],{"class":93},[57,38630,38631],{"class":97},"word",[57,38633,3896],{"class":93},[57,38635,38636],{"class":67}," >",[57,38638,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38640,107],{"class":93},[57,38642,6402],{"class":97},[57,38644,112],{"class":93},[57,38646,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38648,119],{"class":118},[57,38650,101],{"class":93},[57,38652,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38654,101],{"class":93},[57,38656,2498],{"class":97},[57,38658,640],{"class":93},[20,38660,243],{},[48,38662,38664],{"className":50,"code":38663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38665,38666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38667,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38669,258],{"class":93},[57,38671,261],{"class":71},[57,38673,836],{"class":75},[57,38675,261],{"class":71},[57,38677,107],{"class":93},[57,38679,271],{"class":71},[57,38681,845],{"class":75},[57,38683,261],{"class":71},[57,38685,288],{"class":93},[20,38687,38688],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38690,38691,38692,94],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[293,38693,38695],{"href":38694},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[43,38697,425,38699,38701],{"id":38698},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38700,37816],{}," with a named function",[20,38703,38704,38705,94],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38706,37900],{},[20,38708,38709],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38711,38712,38715,38718],{},[33,38713,38714],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38716,38717],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38719,38720],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[48,38722,38724],{"className":50,"code":38723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38725,38726,38739,38754,38758,38790,38809,38813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38727,38728,38730,38733,38735,38737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38729,35089],{"class":1326},[57,38731,38732],{"class":35092}," is_even",[57,38734,101],{"class":93},[57,38736,2473],{"class":37903},[57,38738,8577],{"class":93},[57,38740,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38742,35100],{"class":4110},[57,38744,6621],{"class":63},[57,38746,6638],{"class":67},[57,38748,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38750,6643],{"class":67},[57,38752,38753],{"class":1023}," 0\n",[57,38755,38756],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38757,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38759,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38761,3853],{"class":63},[57,38763,68],{"class":67},[57,38765,1380],{"class":93},[57,38767,3224],{"class":1023},[57,38769,107],{"class":93},[57,38771,1024],{"class":1023},[57,38773,107],{"class":93},[57,38775,2686],{"class":1023},[57,38777,107],{"class":93},[57,38779,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38781,107],{"class":93},[57,38783,4838],{"class":1023},[57,38785,107],{"class":93},[57,38787,37884],{"class":1023},[57,38789,288],{"class":93},[57,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38803,38805,38807],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,38793,2463],{"class":63},[57,38795,68],{"class":67},[57,38797,37895],{"class":118},[57,38799,101],{"class":93},[57,38801,38802],{"class":97},"is_even",[57,38804,107],{"class":93},[57,38806,4495],{"class":97},[57,38808,112],{"class":93},[57,38810,38811],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,38812,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38814,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,38816,119],{"class":118},[57,38818,101],{"class":93},[57,38820,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38822,101],{"class":93},[57,38824,2498],{"class":97},[57,38826,640],{"class":93},[20,38828,243],{},[48,38830,38832],{"className":50,"code":38831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38833,38834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38835,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38837,258],{"class":93},[57,38839,1931],{"class":1023},[57,38841,107],{"class":93},[57,38843,2692],{"class":1023},[57,38845,107],{"class":93},[57,38847,37884],{"class":1023},[57,38849,288],{"class":93},[20,38851,21006,38852,2631,38855,38857],{},[15,38853,38854],{},"is_even()",[15,38856,3838],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[43,38859,425,38861,8940,38863],{"id":38860},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38862,4012],{},[15,38864,37816],{},[20,38866,38867,38868,38870],{},"You can pass ",[15,38869,4012],{}," as the first argument:",[48,38872,38874],{"className":50,"code":38873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38875,38876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38877,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38879,37842],{"class":118},[57,38881,101],{"class":93},[57,38883,4012],{"class":4085},[57,38885,107],{"class":93},[57,38887,38106],{"class":97},[57,38889,112],{"class":93},[20,38891,38892,38893,7574],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[153,38894,5829],{},[20,38896,38897],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38899,38900,38904,38909,38913],{},[33,38901,38902],{},[15,38903,1277],{},[33,38905,38906,38908],{},[15,38907,1565],{}," (empty string)",[33,38910,38911],{},[15,38912,4012],{},[33,38914,38915],{},[15,38916,3909],{},[20,38918,179],{},[48,38920,38922],{"className":50,"code":38921,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38923,38924,38968,38972,38990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38925,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38927,8014],{"class":63},[57,38929,68],{"class":67},[57,38931,1380],{"class":93},[57,38933,1277],{"class":1023},[57,38935,107],{"class":93},[57,38937,1143],{"class":1023},[57,38939,107],{"class":93},[57,38941,6360],{"class":71},[57,38943,107],{"class":93},[57,38945,72],{"class":71},[57,38947,1590],{"class":75},[57,38949,104],{"class":71},[57,38951,107],{"class":93},[57,38953,4086],{"class":4085},[57,38955,107],{"class":93},[57,38957,4149],{"class":4085},[57,38959,107],{"class":93},[57,38961,4140],{"class":4085},[57,38963,107],{"class":93},[57,38965,4838],{"class":1023},[57,38967,288],{"class":93},[57,38969,38970],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,38971,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,38975,2463],{"class":63},[57,38977,68],{"class":67},[57,38979,37895],{"class":118},[57,38981,101],{"class":93},[57,38983,4012],{"class":4085},[57,38985,107],{"class":93},[57,38987,6199],{"class":97},[57,38989,112],{"class":93},[57,38991,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,38993,119],{"class":118},[57,38995,101],{"class":93},[57,38997,1188],{"class":1256},[57,38999,101],{"class":93},[57,39001,2498],{"class":97},[57,39003,640],{"class":93},[20,39005,243],{},[48,39007,39009],{"className":50,"code":39008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39010,39011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39012,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39014,258],{"class":93},[57,39016,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39018,107],{"class":93},[57,39020,271],{"class":71},[57,39022,1590],{"class":75},[57,39024,261],{"class":71},[57,39026,107],{"class":93},[57,39028,4149],{"class":4085},[57,39030,107],{"class":93},[57,39032,4838],{"class":1023},[57,39034,288],{"class":93},[20,39036,39037],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[43,39039,1637,39041],{"id":39040},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39042,37816],{},[20,39044,136,39045,39047],{},[15,39046,37816],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39049,39050],{},"It works well for:",[30,39052,39053,39056,39059],{},[33,39054,39055],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,39057,39058],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,39060,39061],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39063,179],{},[48,39065,39067],{"className":50,"code":39066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39068,39069,39101,39134,39138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39070,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39072,3853],{"class":63},[57,39074,68],{"class":67},[57,39076,1380],{"class":93},[57,39078,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39080,107],{"class":93},[57,39082,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39084,107],{"class":93},[57,39086,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39088,107],{"class":93},[57,39090,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39092,107],{"class":93},[57,39094,4838],{"class":1023},[57,39096,107],{"class":93},[57,39098,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39100,288],{"class":93},[57,39102,39103,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39104,39105],{"class":63},"evens ",[57,39107,68],{"class":67},[57,39109,37895],{"class":118},[57,39111,101],{"class":93},[57,39113,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39115,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39117,1016],{"class":93},[57,39119,4114],{"class":97},[57,39121,6638],{"class":67},[57,39123,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39125,6643],{"class":67},[57,39127,4068],{"class":1023},[57,39129,107],{"class":93},[57,39131,4495],{"class":97},[57,39133,112],{"class":93},[57,39135,39136],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,39137,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39151],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,39141,119],{"class":118},[57,39143,101],{"class":93},[57,39145,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39147,101],{"class":93},[57,39149,39150],{"class":97},"evens",[57,39152,640],{"class":93},[20,39154,243],{},[48,39156,39157],{"className":50,"code":38831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39158,39159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39162,258],{"class":93},[57,39164,1931],{"class":1023},[57,39166,107],{"class":93},[57,39168,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39170,107],{"class":93},[57,39172,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39174,288],{"class":93},[20,39176,39177,39178,39180],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39179,6191],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[48,39182,39184],{"className":50,"code":39183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39185,39186,39218,39226,39230,39242,39258,39273,39277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39187,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39189,3853],{"class":63},[57,39191,68],{"class":67},[57,39193,1380],{"class":93},[57,39195,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39197,107],{"class":93},[57,39199,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39201,107],{"class":93},[57,39203,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39205,107],{"class":93},[57,39207,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39209,107],{"class":93},[57,39211,4838],{"class":1023},[57,39213,107],{"class":93},[57,39215,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39217,288],{"class":93},[57,39219,39220,39222,39224],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39221,39105],{"class":63},[57,39223,68],{"class":67},[57,39225,8074],{"class":93},[57,39227,39228],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,39229,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39231,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,39233,6191],{"class":4110},[57,39235,6621],{"class":63},[57,39237,4117],{"class":4110},[57,39239,4495],{"class":63},[57,39241,6628],{"class":93},[57,39243,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,39245,6633],{"class":4110},[57,39247,6621],{"class":63},[57,39249,6638],{"class":67},[57,39251,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39253,6643],{"class":67},[57,39255,4068],{"class":1023},[57,39257,6628],{"class":93},[57,39259,39260,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,39261,39262],{"class":63},"        evens",[57,39264,94],{"class":93},[57,39266,13784],{"class":97},[57,39268,101],{"class":93},[57,39270,2473],{"class":97},[57,39272,112],{"class":93},[57,39274,39275],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,39276,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39278,39279,39281,39283,39285],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,39280,119],{"class":118},[57,39282,101],{"class":93},[57,39284,39150],{"class":97},[57,39286,112],{"class":93},[20,39288,243],{},[48,39290,39291],{"className":50,"code":38831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39292,39293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39294,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39296,258],{"class":93},[57,39298,1931],{"class":1023},[57,39300,107],{"class":93},[57,39302,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39304,107],{"class":93},[57,39306,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39308,288],{"class":93},[20,39310,39311],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[48,39313,39315],{"className":50,"code":39314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39316,39317,39349,39382,39386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39318,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39320,3853],{"class":63},[57,39322,68],{"class":67},[57,39324,1380],{"class":93},[57,39326,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39328,107],{"class":93},[57,39330,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39332,107],{"class":93},[57,39334,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39336,107],{"class":93},[57,39338,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39340,107],{"class":93},[57,39342,4838],{"class":1023},[57,39344,107],{"class":93},[57,39346,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39348,288],{"class":93},[57,39350,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39352,39105],{"class":63},[57,39354,68],{"class":67},[57,39356,1380],{"class":93},[57,39358,2450],{"class":63},[57,39360,6191],{"class":4110},[57,39362,6621],{"class":63},[57,39364,4117],{"class":4110},[57,39366,39367],{"class":63}," numbers ",[57,39369,7233],{"class":4110},[57,39371,6621],{"class":63},[57,39373,6638],{"class":67},[57,39375,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39377,6643],{"class":67},[57,39379,4068],{"class":1023},[57,39381,288],{"class":93},[57,39383,39384],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,39385,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39387,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,39389,119],{"class":118},[57,39391,101],{"class":93},[57,39393,39150],{"class":97},[57,39395,112],{"class":93},[20,39397,243],{},[48,39399,39400],{"className":50,"code":38831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39401,39402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39403,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39405,258],{"class":93},[57,39407,1931],{"class":1023},[57,39409,107],{"class":93},[57,39411,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39413,107],{"class":93},[57,39415,37884],{"class":1023},[57,39417,288],{"class":93},[20,39419,39420,39421,94],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[293,39422,39424],{"href":39423},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[43,39426,1673],{"id":1672},[20,39428,14965,39429,94],{},[15,39430,37816],{},[572,39432,8688,39434,39436],{"id":39433},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39435,37816],{}," to return a list",[20,39438,39439],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[48,39441,39443],{"className":50,"code":39442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39444,39445,39487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39446,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39448,2463],{"class":63},[57,39450,68],{"class":67},[57,39452,37895],{"class":118},[57,39454,101],{"class":93},[57,39456,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39458,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39460,1016],{"class":93},[57,39462,4114],{"class":97},[57,39464,4484],{"class":67},[57,39466,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39468,107],{"class":93},[57,39470,1380],{"class":93},[57,39472,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39474,107],{"class":93},[57,39476,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39478,107],{"class":93},[57,39480,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39482,107],{"class":93},[57,39484,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39486,1280],{"class":93},[57,39488,39489,39491,39493,39495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39490,119],{"class":118},[57,39492,101],{"class":93},[57,39494,2498],{"class":97},[57,39496,112],{"class":93},[20,39498,39499],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39501,39502],{},"Fix:",[48,39504,39506],{"className":50,"code":39505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39507,39508,39550],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39509,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39511,2463],{"class":63},[57,39513,68],{"class":67},[57,39515,37895],{"class":118},[57,39517,101],{"class":93},[57,39519,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39521,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39523,1016],{"class":93},[57,39525,4114],{"class":97},[57,39527,4484],{"class":67},[57,39529,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39531,107],{"class":93},[57,39533,1380],{"class":93},[57,39535,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39537,107],{"class":93},[57,39539,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39541,107],{"class":93},[57,39543,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39545,107],{"class":93},[57,39547,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39549,1280],{"class":93},[57,39551,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39553,119],{"class":118},[57,39555,101],{"class":93},[57,39557,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39559,101],{"class":93},[57,39561,2498],{"class":97},[57,39563,640],{"class":93},[572,39565,39567,39568,3114,39570,39572],{"id":39566},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39569,3838],{},[15,39571,3909],{}," clearly",[20,39574,39575],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39577,39578],{},"Good example:",[48,39580,39582],{"className":50,"code":39581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39583,39584,39597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39585,39586,39588,39591,39593,39595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39587,35089],{"class":1326},[57,39589,39590],{"class":35092}," is_positive",[57,39592,101],{"class":93},[57,39594,2473],{"class":37903},[57,39596,8577],{"class":93},[57,39598,39599,39601,39603,39605],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39600,35100],{"class":4110},[57,39602,6621],{"class":63},[57,39604,4484],{"class":67},[57,39606,38753],{"class":1023},[20,39608,39609],{},"Then use it with:",[48,39611,39613],{"className":50,"code":39612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39614,39615,39647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39616,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39618,3853],{"class":63},[57,39620,68],{"class":67},[57,39622,1380],{"class":93},[57,39624,1415],{"class":67},[57,39626,1931],{"class":1023},[57,39628,107],{"class":93},[57,39630,2455],{"class":67},[57,39632,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39634,107],{"class":93},[57,39636,4068],{"class":1023},[57,39638,107],{"class":93},[57,39640,1143],{"class":1023},[57,39642,107],{"class":93},[57,39644,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39646,288],{"class":93},[57,39648,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39664,39666,39668],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39650,119],{"class":118},[57,39652,101],{"class":93},[57,39654,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39656,101],{"class":93},[57,39658,37842],{"class":118},[57,39660,101],{"class":93},[57,39662,39663],{"class":97},"is_positive",[57,39665,107],{"class":93},[57,39667,4495],{"class":97},[57,39669,2028],{"class":93},[20,39671,243],{},[48,39673,39675],{"className":50,"code":39674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39676,39677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39678,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39680,258],{"class":93},[57,39682,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39684,107],{"class":93},[57,39686,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39688,288],{"class":93},[572,39690,39692],{"id":39691},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39694,39695],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[48,39697,39698],{"className":50,"code":38438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39699,39700,39742,39746,39760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39701,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39703,2463],{"class":63},[57,39705,68],{"class":67},[57,39707,37895],{"class":118},[57,39709,101],{"class":93},[57,39711,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39713,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39715,1016],{"class":93},[57,39717,4114],{"class":97},[57,39719,4484],{"class":67},[57,39721,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39723,107],{"class":93},[57,39725,1380],{"class":93},[57,39727,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39729,107],{"class":93},[57,39731,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39733,107],{"class":93},[57,39735,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39737,107],{"class":93},[57,39739,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39741,1280],{"class":93},[57,39743,39744],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39745,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39747,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,39749,119],{"class":118},[57,39751,101],{"class":93},[57,39753,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39755,101],{"class":93},[57,39757,2498],{"class":97},[57,39759,640],{"class":93},[57,39761,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,39763,119],{"class":118},[57,39765,101],{"class":93},[57,39767,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39769,101],{"class":93},[57,39771,2498],{"class":97},[57,39773,640],{"class":93},[20,39775,243],{},[48,39777,39778],{"className":50,"code":38519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39779,39780,39792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39781,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39783,258],{"class":93},[57,39785,2299],{"class":1023},[57,39787,107],{"class":93},[57,39789,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39791,288],{"class":93},[57,39793,39794],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39795,1506],{"class":93},[20,39797,39798],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[48,39800,39802],{"className":50,"code":39801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39803,39804,39850,39854,39864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39805,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39807,2463],{"class":63},[57,39809,68],{"class":67},[57,39811,22796],{"class":1256},[57,39813,101],{"class":93},[57,39815,37842],{"class":118},[57,39817,101],{"class":93},[57,39819,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39821,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39823,1016],{"class":93},[57,39825,4114],{"class":97},[57,39827,4484],{"class":67},[57,39829,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39831,107],{"class":93},[57,39833,1380],{"class":93},[57,39835,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39837,107],{"class":93},[57,39839,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39841,107],{"class":93},[57,39843,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39845,107],{"class":93},[57,39847,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39849,3235],{"class":93},[57,39851,39852],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,39853,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,39855,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,39857,119],{"class":118},[57,39859,101],{"class":93},[57,39861,2498],{"class":97},[57,39863,112],{"class":93},[57,39865,39866,39868,39870,39872],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,39867,119],{"class":118},[57,39869,101],{"class":93},[57,39871,2498],{"class":97},[57,39873,112],{"class":93},[572,39875,39877],{"id":39876},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39879,39880],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39882,16877],{},[48,39884,39886],{"className":50,"code":39885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39887,39888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39889,39890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39891,39885],{"class":132},[20,39893,39894,39895,6787],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39896,941],{},[20,39898,16889],{},[48,39900,39902],{"className":50,"code":39901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39903,39904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39905,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39907,119],{"class":118},[57,39909,101],{"class":93},[57,39911,1188],{"class":1256},[57,39913,101],{"class":93},[57,39915,37842],{"class":118},[57,39917,101],{"class":93},[57,39919,37900],{"class":1326},[57,39921,37904],{"class":37903},[57,39923,1016],{"class":93},[57,39925,4114],{"class":97},[57,39927,4484],{"class":67},[57,39929,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39931,107],{"class":93},[57,39933,1380],{"class":93},[57,39935,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39937,107],{"class":93},[57,39939,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39941,107],{"class":93},[57,39943,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39945,107],{"class":93},[57,39947,2692],{"class":1023},[57,39949,37505],{"class":93},[572,39951,37444,39953,8940,39955],{"id":39952},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39954,37816],{},[15,39956,39957],{},"map()",[30,39959,39960,39965],{},[33,39961,39962,39964],{},[15,39963,37816],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39966,39967,39969],{},[15,39968,39957],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39971,39972,39973,1016],{},"Example of ",[15,39974,37816],{},[48,39976,39978],{"className":50,"code":39977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39979,39980,40004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39981,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39983,3853],{"class":63},[57,39985,68],{"class":67},[57,39987,1380],{"class":93},[57,39989,3224],{"class":1023},[57,39991,107],{"class":93},[57,39993,1024],{"class":1023},[57,39995,107],{"class":93},[57,39997,2686],{"class":1023},[57,39999,107],{"class":93},[57,40001,2692],{"class":1023},[57,40003,288],{"class":93},[57,40005,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40007,119],{"class":118},[57,40009,101],{"class":93},[57,40011,1188],{"class":1256},[57,40013,101],{"class":93},[57,40015,37842],{"class":118},[57,40017,101],{"class":93},[57,40019,37900],{"class":1326},[57,40021,37904],{"class":37903},[57,40023,1016],{"class":93},[57,40025,4114],{"class":97},[57,40027,4484],{"class":67},[57,40029,1024],{"class":1023},[57,40031,107],{"class":93},[57,40033,4495],{"class":97},[57,40035,2028],{"class":93},[20,40037,243],{},[48,40039,40041],{"className":50,"code":40040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40042,40043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40044,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40046,258],{"class":93},[57,40048,2299],{"class":1023},[57,40050,107],{"class":93},[57,40052,2692],{"class":1023},[57,40054,288],{"class":93},[20,40056,39972,40057,1016],{},[15,40058,39957],{},[48,40060,40062],{"className":50,"code":40061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40063,40064,40088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40065,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40067,3853],{"class":63},[57,40069,68],{"class":67},[57,40071,1380],{"class":93},[57,40073,3224],{"class":1023},[57,40075,107],{"class":93},[57,40077,1024],{"class":1023},[57,40079,107],{"class":93},[57,40081,2686],{"class":1023},[57,40083,107],{"class":93},[57,40085,2692],{"class":1023},[57,40087,288],{"class":93},[57,40089,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40114,40116,40118,40120],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40091,119],{"class":118},[57,40093,101],{"class":93},[57,40095,1188],{"class":1256},[57,40097,101],{"class":93},[57,40099,40100],{"class":118},"map",[57,40102,101],{"class":93},[57,40104,37900],{"class":1326},[57,40106,37904],{"class":37903},[57,40108,1016],{"class":93},[57,40110,4114],{"class":97},[57,40112,40113],{"class":67},"*",[57,40115,1024],{"class":1023},[57,40117,107],{"class":93},[57,40119,4495],{"class":97},[57,40121,2028],{"class":93},[20,40123,243],{},[48,40125,40127],{"className":50,"code":40126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40128,40129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40130,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40132,258],{"class":93},[57,40134,1931],{"class":1023},[57,40136,107],{"class":93},[57,40138,2692],{"class":1023},[57,40140,107],{"class":93},[57,40142,37884],{"class":1023},[57,40144,107],{"class":93},[57,40146,6594],{"class":1023},[57,40148,288],{"class":93},[20,40150,40151,40152,94],{},"For the related function, see ",[293,40153,3809,40155,3742],{"href":40154},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40156,39957],{},[43,40158,2075],{"id":2074},[572,40160,2099,40162,40164],{"id":40161},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40163,37816],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40166,40167,40168,40170],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40169,25018],{}," if needed.",[572,40172,40174,40175,40177],{"id":40173},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40176,37816],{}," need to return?",[20,40179,38123,40180,40182,40183,40185],{},[15,40181,3838],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40184,3909],{}," to remove it.",[572,40187,28567,40189,40191],{"id":40188},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40190,37816],{}," without lambda?",[20,40193,40194],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[572,40196,2112,40198,2115],{"id":40197},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40199,40200],{},"filter(None, items)",[20,40202,40203,40204,40206,40207,17306,40209,94],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40205,1277],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40208,4012],{},[15,40210,3909],{},[572,40212,21656,40214,40216],{"id":40213},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40215,37816],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40218,40219,40220,40222],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40221,6191],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40224,40225],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,40227,40228,40234,40240],{},[33,40229,40230,40231,40233],{},"use ",[15,40232,37816],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,40235,40236,40237,40239],{},"use a ",[15,40238,6191],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,40241,40242],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40244,40245,40246,94],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[293,40247,5365],{"href":40248},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[43,40250,2132],{"id":2131},[30,40252,40253,40258,40262,40267,40273],{},[33,40254,40255],{},[293,40256,40257],{"href":38694},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,40259,40260],{},[293,40261,5453],{"href":40248},[33,40263,40264],{},[293,40265,40266],{"href":39423},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,40268,40269],{},[293,40270,3809,40271,3742],{"href":40154},[15,40272,39957],{},[33,40274,40275],{},[293,40276,5448],{"href":5819},[2161,40278,40279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":40281},[40282,40283,40285,40289,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40310,40322],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":37950,"depth":82,"text":40284},"What filter() does",{"id":38084,"depth":82,"text":38085,"children":40286},[40287,40288],{"id":38101,"depth":115,"text":38101},{"id":3955,"depth":115,"text":3955},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261,"children":40290},[40291],{"id":38431,"depth":115,"text":38432},{"id":38543,"depth":82,"text":40293},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38698,"depth":82,"text":40295},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38860,"depth":82,"text":40297},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39040,"depth":82,"text":40299},"When to use filter()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":40301},[40302,40304,40306,40307,40308],{"id":39433,"depth":115,"text":40303},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39566,"depth":115,"text":40305},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39691,"depth":115,"text":39692},{"id":39876,"depth":115,"text":39877},{"id":39952,"depth":115,"text":40309},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":40311},[40312,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"id":40161,"depth":115,"text":40313},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40173,"depth":115,"text":40315},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40188,"depth":115,"text":40317},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40197,"depth":115,"text":40319},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40213,"depth":115,"text":40321},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37808,"description":40323},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40330,"title":40331,"body":40332,"description":42484,"extension":2201,"meta":42485,"navigation":217,"path":42486,"seo":42487,"stem":42488,"__hash__":42489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40333,"toc":42438},[40334,40337,40342,40348,40350,40402,40404,40423,40428,40432,40437,40440,40455,40458,40480,40482,40531,40533,40557,40559,40561,40576,40581,40589,40604,40606,40615,40618,40653,40657,40662,40666,40673,40708,40710,40726,40730,40733,40774,40776,40790,40794,40797,40821,40823,40832,40836,40839,40872,40874,40887,40891,40897,40916,40918,40926,40930,40935,40939,40945,40968,40970,40999,41002,41021,41025,41028,41055,41057,41091,41095,41098,41122,41126,41137,41139,41144,41150,41152,41236,41238,41280,41283,41287,41294,41303,41359,41366,41375,41380,41384,41455,41457,41466,41470,41473,41517,41519,41528,41532,41538,41588,41592,41597,41601,41625,41627,41636,41640,41664,41666,41677,41681,41705,41707,41716,41719,41736,41742,41746,41752,41755,41760,41763,41784,41786,41818,41821,41826,41828,41839,41841,41885,41889,41895,41947,41949,41958,41962,41965,42058,42061,42085,42089,42092,42184,42189,42193,42200,42205,42229,42231,42240,42245,42268,42270,42278,42285,42308,42316,42318,42331,42341,42343,42347,42354,42358,42367,42371,42378,42382,42386,42390,42403,42405,42435],[10,40335,40331],{"id":40336},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40338,9358,40339,40341],{},[15,40340,3120],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40343,40344,40345,40347],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40346,3120],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[43,40349,46],{"id":45},[48,40351,40353],{"className":50,"code":40352,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40354,40355,40369,40388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40356,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365,40367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40358,119],{"class":118},[57,40360,101],{"class":93},[57,40362,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40364,101],{"class":93},[57,40366,2372],{"class":1023},[57,40368,640],{"class":93},[57,40370,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40384,40386],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40372,119],{"class":118},[57,40374,101],{"class":93},[57,40376,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40378,101],{"class":93},[57,40380,104],{"class":71},[57,40382,40383],{"class":75},"3.14",[57,40385,104],{"class":71},[57,40387,640],{"class":93},[57,40389,40390,40392,40394,40396,40398,40400],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,40391,119],{"class":118},[57,40393,101],{"class":93},[57,40395,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40397,101],{"class":93},[57,40399,3838],{"class":4085},[57,40401,640],{"class":93},[20,40403,243],{},[48,40405,40407],{"className":50,"code":40406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40408,40409,40413,40418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40410,40411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40412,2715],{"class":1023},[57,40414,40415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40416,40417],{"class":1023},"3.14\n",[57,40419,40420],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,40421,40422],{"class":1023},"1.0\n",[20,40424,136,40425,40427],{},[15,40426,3120],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[43,40429,40431],{"id":40430},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40433,40434,40436],{},[15,40435,3120],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40438,40439],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,40441,40442,40446,40450],{},[33,40443,40444],{},[15,40445,2727],{},[33,40447,40448],{},[15,40449,40383],{},[33,40451,40452],{},[15,40453,40454],{},"0.5",[20,40456,40457],{},"A few key points:",[30,40459,40460,40467,40470,40473],{},[33,40461,40462,40464,40465],{},[15,40463,3120],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40466,2426],{},[33,40468,40469],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40471,40472],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40474,40475,40476],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[293,40477,40478],{"href":8454},[15,40479,3193],{},[20,40481,179],{},[48,40483,40485],{"className":50,"code":40484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40486,40487,40507,40517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40488,40489,40491,40493,40496,40498,40500,40503,40505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40490,2450],{"class":63},[57,40492,68],{"class":67},[57,40494,40495],{"class":1256}," float",[57,40497,101],{"class":93},[57,40499,104],{"class":71},[57,40501,40502],{"class":75},"2.75",[57,40504,104],{"class":71},[57,40506,112],{"class":93},[57,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40510,119],{"class":118},[57,40512,101],{"class":93},[57,40514,2473],{"class":97},[57,40516,112],{"class":93},[57,40518,40519,40521,40523,40525,40527,40529],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,40520,119],{"class":118},[57,40522,101],{"class":93},[57,40524,1257],{"class":1256},[57,40526,101],{"class":93},[57,40528,2473],{"class":97},[57,40530,640],{"class":93},[20,40532,243],{},[48,40534,40536],{"className":50,"code":40535,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40537,40538,40543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40539,40540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40541,40542],{"class":1023},"2.75\n",[57,40544,40545,40547,40549,40551,40553,40555],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40546,1323],{"class":67},[57,40548,1327],{"class":1326},[57,40550,271],{"class":71},[57,40552,2426],{"class":75},[57,40554,261],{"class":71},[57,40556,1336],{"class":67},[43,40558,300],{"id":299},[20,40560,7453],{},[48,40562,40564],{"className":50,"code":40563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"float(value)\n",[15,40565,40566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40567,40568,40570,40572,40574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40569,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40571,101],{"class":93},[57,40573,2708],{"class":97},[57,40575,112],{"class":93},[20,40577,40578,40579,94],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40580,3120],{},[20,40582,40583,40584,40586,40587,1016],{},"If you call ",[15,40585,3120],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40588,4003],{},[48,40590,40592],{"className":50,"code":40591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float())\n",[15,40593,40594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40595,40596,40598,40600,40602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40597,119],{"class":118},[57,40599,101],{"class":93},[57,40601,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40603,383],{"class":93},[20,40605,243],{},[48,40607,40609],{"className":50,"code":40608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0.0\n",[15,40610,40611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40612,40613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40614,40608],{"class":1023},[20,40616,40617],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[48,40619,40621],{"className":50,"code":40620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40622,40623,40643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40624,40625,40628,40630,40632,40634,40636,40639,40641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40626,40627],{"class":63},"price ",[57,40629,68],{"class":67},[57,40631,40495],{"class":1256},[57,40633,101],{"class":93},[57,40635,104],{"class":71},[57,40637,40638],{"class":75},"19.99",[57,40640,104],{"class":71},[57,40642,112],{"class":93},[57,40644,40645,40647,40649,40651],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40646,119],{"class":118},[57,40648,101],{"class":93},[57,40650,25387],{"class":97},[57,40652,112],{"class":93},[43,40654,40656],{"id":40655},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40658,40659,40661],{},[15,40660,3120],{}," can convert several common value types.",[572,40663,40665],{"id":40664},"integers","Integers",[20,40667,40668,40669,40672],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40670,40671],{},".0"," added:",[48,40674,40676],{"className":50,"code":40675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40677,40678,40692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40679,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40681,119],{"class":118},[57,40683,101],{"class":93},[57,40685,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40687,101],{"class":93},[57,40689,2372],{"class":1023},[57,40691,640],{"class":93},[57,40693,40694,40696,40698,40700,40702,40704,40706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40695,119],{"class":118},[57,40697,101],{"class":93},[57,40699,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40701,101],{"class":93},[57,40703,1415],{"class":67},[57,40705,1931],{"class":1023},[57,40707,640],{"class":93},[20,40709,243],{},[48,40711,40713],{"className":50,"code":40712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40714,40715,40719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40716,40717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40718,2715],{"class":1023},[57,40720,40721,40723],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40722,1415],{"class":67},[57,40724,40725],{"class":1023},"2.0\n",[572,40727,40729],{"id":40728},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40731,40732],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[48,40734,40736],{"className":50,"code":40735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40737,40738,40756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40739,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40741,119],{"class":118},[57,40743,101],{"class":93},[57,40745,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40747,101],{"class":93},[57,40749,104],{"class":71},[57,40751,40383],{"class":75},[57,40753,104],{"class":71},[57,40755,640],{"class":93},[57,40757,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766,40768,40770,40772],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40759,119],{"class":118},[57,40761,101],{"class":93},[57,40763,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40765,101],{"class":93},[57,40767,104],{"class":71},[57,40769,941],{"class":75},[57,40771,104],{"class":71},[57,40773,640],{"class":93},[20,40775,243],{},[48,40777,40779],{"className":50,"code":40778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40780,40781,40785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40782,40783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40784,40417],{"class":1023},[57,40786,40787],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40788,40789],{"class":1023},"10.0\n",[572,40791,40793],{"id":40792},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40795,40796],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[48,40798,40800],{"className":50,"code":40799,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40801,40802],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40803,40804,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40817,40819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40805,119],{"class":118},[57,40807,101],{"class":93},[57,40809,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40811,101],{"class":93},[57,40813,104],{"class":71},[57,40815,40816],{"class":75},"  8.5  ",[57,40818,104],{"class":71},[57,40820,640],{"class":93},[20,40822,243],{},[48,40824,40826],{"className":50,"code":40825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8.5\n",[15,40827,40828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40829,40830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40831,40825],{"class":1023},[572,40833,40835],{"id":40834},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40837,40838],{},"Boolean values also work:",[48,40840,40842],{"className":50,"code":40841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40843,40844,40858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40845,40846,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40847,119],{"class":118},[57,40849,101],{"class":93},[57,40851,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40853,101],{"class":93},[57,40855,3838],{"class":4085},[57,40857,640],{"class":93},[57,40859,40860,40862,40864,40866,40868,40870],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40861,119],{"class":118},[57,40863,101],{"class":93},[57,40865,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40867,101],{"class":93},[57,40869,3909],{"class":4085},[57,40871,640],{"class":93},[20,40873,243],{},[48,40875,40877],{"className":50,"code":40876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40878,40879,40883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40880,40881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40882,40422],{"class":1023},[57,40884,40885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,40886,40608],{"class":1023},[572,40888,40890],{"id":40889},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40892,40893,40894,40896],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40895,3120],{}," returns a float version of it:",[48,40898,40900],{"className":50,"code":40899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40901,40902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40903,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40905,119],{"class":118},[57,40907,101],{"class":93},[57,40909,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40911,101],{"class":93},[57,40913,2596],{"class":1023},[57,40915,640],{"class":93},[20,40917,243],{},[48,40919,40920],{"className":50,"code":2620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,40921,40922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40923,40924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40925,2620],{"class":1023},[43,40927,40929],{"id":40928},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40931,40932,40933,94],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40934,3120],{},[572,40936,40938],{"id":40937},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40940,40941,40942,1016],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40943,40944],{},"ValueError",[48,40946,40948],{"className":50,"code":40947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40949,40950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40951,40952,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964,40966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40953,119],{"class":118},[57,40955,101],{"class":93},[57,40957,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40959,101],{"class":93},[57,40961,104],{"class":71},[57,40963,1590],{"class":75},[57,40965,104],{"class":71},[57,40967,640],{"class":93},[20,40969,29919],{},[48,40971,40973],{"className":50,"code":40972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40974,40975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40976,40977,40979,40981,40984,40986,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40978,40944],{"class":1256},[57,40980,1016],{"class":93},[57,40982,40983],{"class":63}," could ",[57,40985,175],{"class":67},[57,40987,40988],{"class":63}," convert string to ",[57,40990,2426],{"class":1256},[57,40992,1016],{"class":93},[57,40994,271],{"class":71},[57,40996,1590],{"class":75},[57,40998,29938],{"class":71},[20,41000,41001],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[48,41003,41005],{"className":50,"code":41004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41006,41007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41008,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41010,119],{"class":118},[57,41012,101],{"class":93},[57,41014,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41016,101],{"class":93},[57,41018,6506],{"class":71},[57,41020,640],{"class":93},[572,41022,41024],{"id":41023},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41026,41027],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[48,41029,41031],{"className":50,"code":41030,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41032,41033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049,41051,41053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41036,119],{"class":118},[57,41038,101],{"class":93},[57,41040,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41042,3221],{"class":93},[57,41044,3224],{"class":1023},[57,41046,107],{"class":93},[57,41048,1024],{"class":1023},[57,41050,107],{"class":93},[57,41052,2686],{"class":1023},[57,41054,3235],{"class":93},[20,41056,29919],{},[48,41058,41060],{"className":50,"code":41059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41061,41062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41063,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41075,41078,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41065,3241],{"class":1256},[57,41067,1016],{"class":93},[57,41069,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41071,7600],{"class":93},[57,41073,41074],{"class":63}," argument must be a string ",[57,41076,41077],{"class":67},"or",[57,41079,41080],{"class":63}," a real number",[57,41082,107],{"class":93},[57,41084,8334],{"class":67},[57,41086,271],{"class":71},[57,41088,1188],{"class":75},[57,41090,29938],{"class":71},[572,41092,41094],{"id":41093},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41096,41097],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[48,41099,41101],{"className":50,"code":41100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41102,41103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41104,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115,41118,41120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41106,119],{"class":118},[57,41108,101],{"class":93},[57,41110,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41112,101],{"class":93},[57,41114,104],{"class":71},[57,41116,41117],{"class":75},"3,14",[57,41119,104],{"class":71},[57,41121,640],{"class":93},[20,41123,3238,41124,94],{},[15,41125,40944],{},[20,41127,41128,41129,2082,41133,94],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[293,41130,41132],{"href":41131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[293,41134,41136],{"href":41135},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[43,41138,17653],{"id":17652},[20,41140,41141,41143],{},[15,41142,3120],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41145,41146,41147,41149],{},"It does ",[153,41148,175],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41151,179],{},[48,41153,41155],{"className":50,"code":41154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41156,41157,41170,41184,41188,41198,41208,41222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41158,41159,41161,41163,41165,41168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41160,64],{"class":63},[57,41162,68],{"class":67},[57,41164,72],{"class":71},[57,41166,41167],{"class":75},"6.5",[57,41169,79],{"class":71},[57,41171,41172,41174,41176,41178,41180,41182],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41173,2450],{"class":63},[57,41175,68],{"class":67},[57,41177,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41179,101],{"class":93},[57,41181,227],{"class":97},[57,41183,112],{"class":93},[57,41185,41186],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41187,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41189,41190,41192,41194,41196],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41191,119],{"class":118},[57,41193,101],{"class":93},[57,41195,227],{"class":97},[57,41197,112],{"class":93},[57,41199,41200,41202,41204,41206],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,41201,119],{"class":118},[57,41203,101],{"class":93},[57,41205,2473],{"class":97},[57,41207,112],{"class":93},[57,41209,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218,41220],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,41211,119],{"class":118},[57,41213,101],{"class":93},[57,41215,1257],{"class":1256},[57,41217,101],{"class":93},[57,41219,227],{"class":97},[57,41221,640],{"class":93},[57,41223,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,41225,119],{"class":118},[57,41227,101],{"class":93},[57,41229,1257],{"class":1256},[57,41231,101],{"class":93},[57,41233,2473],{"class":97},[57,41235,640],{"class":93},[20,41237,243],{},[48,41239,41241],{"className":50,"code":41240,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41242,41243,41248,41252,41266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41244,41245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41246,41247],{"class":1023},"6.5\n",[57,41249,41250],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41251,41247],{"class":1023},[57,41253,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262,41264],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41255,1323],{"class":67},[57,41257,1327],{"class":1326},[57,41259,271],{"class":71},[57,41261,3676],{"class":75},[57,41263,261],{"class":71},[57,41265,1336],{"class":67},[57,41267,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41269,1323],{"class":67},[57,41271,1327],{"class":1326},[57,41273,271],{"class":71},[57,41275,2426],{"class":75},[57,41277,261],{"class":71},[57,41279,1336],{"class":67},[20,41281,41282],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[43,41284,41286],{"id":41285},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[572,41288,41290,41291,41293],{"id":41289},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41292,3193],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41295,2218,41296,41300,41301,94],{},[293,41297,41298,2537],{"href":8454},[15,41299,3193],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41302,3120],{},[48,41304,41306],{"className":50,"code":41305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41307,41308,41327,41341,41345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41309,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318,41320,41323,41325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41311,8472],{"class":63},[57,41313,68],{"class":67},[57,41315,8477],{"class":118},[57,41317,101],{"class":93},[57,41319,104],{"class":71},[57,41321,41322],{"class":75},"Enter a price: ",[57,41324,104],{"class":71},[57,41326,112],{"class":93},[57,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41330,40627],{"class":63},[57,41332,68],{"class":67},[57,41334,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41336,101],{"class":93},[57,41338,8501],{"class":97},[57,41340,112],{"class":93},[57,41342,41343],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41344,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41346,41347,41349,41351,41353,41355,41357],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41348,119],{"class":118},[57,41350,101],{"class":93},[57,41352,40627],{"class":97},[57,41354,40113],{"class":67},[57,41356,1024],{"class":1023},[57,41358,112],{"class":93},[20,41360,41361,41362,41365],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41363,41364],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[48,41367,41369],{"className":50,"code":41368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"9.0\n",[15,41370,41371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41372,41373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41374,41368],{"class":1023},[20,41376,41377,41378,94],{},"For more help with this, see ",[293,41379,9216],{"href":9215},[572,41381,41383],{"id":41382},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[48,41385,41387],{"className":50,"code":41386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41388,41389,41402,41415,41419,41444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41390,41391,41393,41395,41397,41400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41392,2790],{"class":63},[57,41394,68],{"class":67},[57,41396,72],{"class":71},[57,41398,41399],{"class":75},"2.5",[57,41401,79],{"class":71},[57,41403,41404,41406,41408,41410,41413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41405,2818],{"class":63},[57,41407,68],{"class":67},[57,41409,72],{"class":71},[57,41411,41412],{"class":75},"1.5",[57,41414,79],{"class":71},[57,41416,41417],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41418,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41420,41421,41424,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438,41440,41442],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41422,41423],{"class":63},"total ",[57,41425,68],{"class":67},[57,41427,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41429,101],{"class":93},[57,41431,293],{"class":97},[57,41433,3896],{"class":93},[57,41435,2689],{"class":67},[57,41437,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41439,101],{"class":93},[57,41441,664],{"class":97},[57,41443,112],{"class":93},[57,41445,41446,41448,41450,41453],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,41447,119],{"class":118},[57,41449,101],{"class":93},[57,41451,41452],{"class":97},"total",[57,41454,112],{"class":93},[20,41456,243],{},[48,41458,41460],{"className":50,"code":41459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.0\n",[15,41461,41462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41463,41464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41465,41459],{"class":1023},[572,41467,41469],{"id":41468},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41471,41472],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[48,41474,41476],{"className":50,"code":41475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41477,41478,41488,41503,41507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41479,41480,41483,41485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41481,41482],{"class":63},"count ",[57,41484,68],{"class":67},[57,41486,41487],{"class":1023}," 7\n",[57,41489,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41501],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41491,2463],{"class":63},[57,41493,68],{"class":67},[57,41495,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41497,101],{"class":93},[57,41499,41500],{"class":97},"count",[57,41502,112],{"class":93},[57,41504,41505],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41506,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41508,41509,41511,41513,41515],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41510,119],{"class":118},[57,41512,101],{"class":93},[57,41514,2498],{"class":97},[57,41516,112],{"class":93},[20,41518,243],{},[48,41520,41522],{"className":50,"code":41521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.0\n",[15,41523,41524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41525,41526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41527,41521],{"class":1023},[572,41529,41531],{"id":41530},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41533,41534,41535,41537],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41536,3120],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[48,41539,41541],{"className":50,"code":41540,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41542,41543,41557,41573,41577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41544,41545,41548,41550,41552,41555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41546,41547],{"class":63},"temperature_text ",[57,41549,68],{"class":67},[57,41551,72],{"class":71},[57,41553,41554],{"class":75},"21.8",[57,41556,79],{"class":71},[57,41558,41559,41562,41564,41566,41568,41571],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41560,41561],{"class":63},"temperature ",[57,41563,68],{"class":67},[57,41565,40495],{"class":1256},[57,41567,101],{"class":93},[57,41569,41570],{"class":97},"temperature_text",[57,41572,112],{"class":93},[57,41574,41575],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41576,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41578,41579,41581,41583,41586],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41580,119],{"class":118},[57,41582,101],{"class":93},[57,41584,41585],{"class":97},"temperature",[57,41587,112],{"class":93},[43,41589,41591],{"id":41590},"special-values","Special values",[20,41593,41594,41596],{},[15,41595,3120],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[572,41598,41600],{"id":41599},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[48,41602,41604],{"className":50,"code":41603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41605,41606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41607,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616,41618,41621,41623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41609,119],{"class":118},[57,41611,101],{"class":93},[57,41613,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41615,101],{"class":93},[57,41617,104],{"class":71},[57,41619,41620],{"class":75},"inf",[57,41622,104],{"class":71},[57,41624,640],{"class":93},[20,41626,243],{},[48,41628,41630],{"className":50,"code":41629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"inf\n",[15,41631,41632],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41633,41634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41635,41629],{"class":63},[572,41637,41639],{"id":41638},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[48,41641,41643],{"className":50,"code":41642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41644,41645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41646,41647,41649,41651,41653,41655,41657,41660,41662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41648,119],{"class":118},[57,41650,101],{"class":93},[57,41652,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41654,101],{"class":93},[57,41656,104],{"class":71},[57,41658,41659],{"class":75},"-inf",[57,41661,104],{"class":71},[57,41663,640],{"class":93},[20,41665,243],{},[48,41667,41669],{"className":50,"code":41668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-inf\n",[15,41670,41671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41672,41673,41675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41674,1415],{"class":67},[57,41676,41629],{"class":63},[572,41678,41680],{"id":41679},"not-a-number","Not a number",[48,41682,41684],{"className":50,"code":41683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41685,41686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41687,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696,41698,41701,41703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41689,119],{"class":118},[57,41691,101],{"class":93},[57,41693,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41695,101],{"class":93},[57,41697,104],{"class":71},[57,41699,41700],{"class":75},"nan",[57,41702,104],{"class":71},[57,41704,640],{"class":93},[20,41706,243],{},[48,41708,41710],{"className":50,"code":41709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nan\n",[15,41711,41712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41713,41714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41715,41709],{"class":63},[20,41717,41718],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41720,41721,41726,41731],{},[33,41722,41723,41725],{},[15,41724,41620],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41727,41728,41730],{},[15,41729,41659],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41732,41733,41735],{},[15,41734,41700],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41737,41738,41739,41741],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41740,3120],{}," accepts them.",[43,41743,41745],{"id":41744},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41747,41748,41749,41751],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41750,3120],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[572,41753,40944],{"id":41754},"valueerror",[20,41756,15421,41757,41759],{},[15,41758,40944],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41761,41762],{},"Common causes:",[30,41764,41765,41771,41774,41777],{},[33,41766,41767,41768],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41769,41770],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41772,41773],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41775,41776],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41778,4937,41779],{},[293,41780,41781,41783],{"href":8454},[15,41782,3193],{}," returns a string",[20,41785,179],{},[48,41787,41789],{"className":50,"code":41788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41790,41791,41804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41792,41793,41795,41797,41799,41802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41794,2681],{"class":63},[57,41796,68],{"class":67},[57,41798,72],{"class":71},[57,41800,41801],{"class":75},"abc",[57,41803,79],{"class":71},[57,41805,41806,41808,41810,41812,41814,41816],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41807,119],{"class":118},[57,41809,101],{"class":93},[57,41811,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41813,101],{"class":93},[57,41815,2708],{"class":97},[57,41817,640],{"class":93},[572,41819,3241],{"id":41820},"typeerror",[20,41822,15421,41823,41825],{},[15,41824,3241],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41827,41762],{},[30,41829,41830,41833,41836],{},[33,41831,41832],{},"Passing a list",[33,41834,41835],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41837,41838],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41840,179],{},[48,41842,41844],{"className":50,"code":41843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41845,41846,41871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41847,41848,41850,41852,41854,41856,41858,41860,41862,41864,41867,41869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41849,2681],{"class":63},[57,41851,68],{"class":67},[57,41853,10725],{"class":93},[57,41855,104],{"class":71},[57,41857,25387],{"class":75},[57,41859,104],{"class":71},[57,41861,1016],{"class":93},[57,41863,72],{"class":71},[57,41865,41866],{"class":75},"9.99",[57,41868,104],{"class":71},[57,41870,9544],{"class":93},[57,41872,41873,41875,41877,41879,41881,41883],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41874,119],{"class":118},[57,41876,101],{"class":93},[57,41878,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41880,101],{"class":93},[57,41882,2708],{"class":97},[57,41884,640],{"class":93},[572,41886,41888],{"id":41887},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41890,41891,41892,41894],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41893,741],{}," can help:",[48,41896,41898],{"className":50,"code":41897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41899,41900,41913,41928,41932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41901,41902,41904,41906,41908,41911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41903,2681],{"class":63},[57,41905,68],{"class":67},[57,41907,72],{"class":71},[57,41909,41910],{"class":75},"  7.25  ",[57,41912,79],{"class":71},[57,41914,41915,41918,41920,41922,41924,41926],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41916,41917],{"class":63},"clean_value ",[57,41919,68],{"class":67},[57,41921,8668],{"class":63},[57,41923,94],{"class":93},[57,41925,8870],{"class":97},[57,41927,212],{"class":93},[57,41929,41930],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41931,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41933,41934,41936,41938,41940,41942,41945],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,41935,119],{"class":118},[57,41937,101],{"class":93},[57,41939,2426],{"class":1256},[57,41941,101],{"class":93},[57,41943,41944],{"class":97},"clean_value",[57,41946,640],{"class":93},[20,41948,243],{},[48,41950,41952],{"className":50,"code":41951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.25\n",[15,41953,41954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41955,41956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41957,41951],{"class":1023},[572,41959,41961],{"id":41960},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41963,41964],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[48,41966,41968],{"className":50,"code":41967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41969,41970,41983,41987,41997,42011,42026,42030,42044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41971,41972,41974,41976,41978,41981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41973,2681],{"class":63},[57,41975,68],{"class":67},[57,41977,72],{"class":71},[57,41979,41980],{"class":75}," 3.5 ",[57,41982,79],{"class":71},[57,41984,41985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,41986,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,41988,41989,41991,41993,41995],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,41990,119],{"class":118},[57,41992,101],{"class":93},[57,41994,2708],{"class":97},[57,41996,112],{"class":93},[57,41998,41999,42001,42003,42005,42007,42009],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,42000,119],{"class":118},[57,42002,101],{"class":93},[57,42004,1257],{"class":1256},[57,42006,101],{"class":93},[57,42008,2708],{"class":97},[57,42010,640],{"class":93},[57,42012,42013,42015,42017,42020,42022,42024],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,42014,119],{"class":118},[57,42016,101],{"class":93},[57,42018,42019],{"class":118},"repr",[57,42021,101],{"class":93},[57,42023,2708],{"class":97},[57,42025,640],{"class":93},[57,42027,42028],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,42029,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,42031,42032,42034,42036,42038,42040,42042],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,42033,41917],{"class":63},[57,42035,68],{"class":67},[57,42037,8668],{"class":63},[57,42039,94],{"class":93},[57,42041,8870],{"class":97},[57,42043,212],{"class":93},[57,42045,42046,42048,42050,42052,42054,42056],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,42047,119],{"class":118},[57,42049,101],{"class":93},[57,42051,2426],{"class":1256},[57,42053,101],{"class":93},[57,42055,41944],{"class":97},[57,42057,640],{"class":93},[20,42059,42060],{},"Why this helps:",[30,42062,42063,42069,42074,42080],{},[33,42064,42065,42068],{},[15,42066,42067],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,42070,42071,21603],{},[15,42072,42073],{},"print(type(value))",[33,42075,42076,42079],{},[15,42077,42078],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,42081,42082,42084],{},[15,42083,741],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[572,42086,42088],{"id":42087},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42090,42091],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[48,42093,42095],{"className":50,"code":42094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42096,42097,42116,42120,42126,42141,42160,42169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42098,42099,42101,42103,42105,42107,42109,42112,42114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42100,2681],{"class":63},[57,42102,68],{"class":67},[57,42104,8477],{"class":118},[57,42106,101],{"class":93},[57,42108,104],{"class":71},[57,42110,42111],{"class":75},"Enter a number: ",[57,42113,104],{"class":71},[57,42115,112],{"class":93},[57,42117,42118],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42119,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,42121,42122,42124],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,42123,30042],{"class":4110},[57,42125,6628],{"class":93},[57,42127,42128,42131,42133,42135,42137,42139],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,42129,42130],{"class":63},"    number ",[57,42132,68],{"class":67},[57,42134,40495],{"class":1256},[57,42136,101],{"class":93},[57,42138,2708],{"class":97},[57,42140,112],{"class":93},[57,42142,42143,42145,42147,42149,42152,42154,42156,42158],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,42144,8304],{"class":118},[57,42146,101],{"class":93},[57,42148,104],{"class":71},[57,42150,42151],{"class":75},"Converted:",[57,42153,104],{"class":71},[57,42155,107],{"class":93},[57,42157,2430],{"class":97},[57,42159,112],{"class":93},[57,42161,42162,42164,42167],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,42163,30073],{"class":4110},[57,42165,42166],{"class":1256}," ValueError",[57,42168,6628],{"class":93},[57,42170,42171,42173,42175,42177,42180,42182],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,42172,8304],{"class":118},[57,42174,101],{"class":93},[57,42176,104],{"class":71},[57,42178,42179],{"class":75},"That is not a valid number.",[57,42181,104],{"class":71},[57,42183,112],{"class":93},[20,42185,42186,42187,94],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[293,42188,41136],{"href":41135},[43,42190,42192],{"id":42191},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42194,10824,42195,2082,42197,42199],{},[15,42196,3120],{},[15,42198,3113],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42201,42202,42204],{},[15,42203,3120],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[48,42206,42208],{"className":50,"code":42207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42209,42210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42211,42212,42214,42216,42218,42220,42222,42225,42227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42213,119],{"class":118},[57,42215,101],{"class":93},[57,42217,2426],{"class":1256},[57,42219,101],{"class":93},[57,42221,104],{"class":71},[57,42223,42224],{"class":75},"3.9",[57,42226,104],{"class":71},[57,42228,640],{"class":93},[20,42230,243],{},[48,42232,42234],{"className":50,"code":42233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.9\n",[15,42235,42236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42237,42238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42239,42233],{"class":1023},[20,42241,42242,42244],{},[15,42243,3113],{}," creates whole numbers:",[48,42246,42248],{"className":50,"code":42247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42249,42250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42251,42252,42254,42256,42258,42260,42262,42264,42266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42253,119],{"class":118},[57,42255,101],{"class":93},[57,42257,2423],{"class":1256},[57,42259,101],{"class":93},[57,42261,104],{"class":71},[57,42263,941],{"class":75},[57,42265,104],{"class":71},[57,42267,640],{"class":93},[20,42269,243],{},[48,42271,42272],{"className":50,"code":2610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42273,42274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42275,42276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42277,2610],{"class":1023},[20,42279,42280,42281,42284],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42282,42283],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[48,42286,42288],{"className":50,"code":42287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42289,42290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42291,42292,42294,42296,42298,42300,42302,42304,42306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42293,119],{"class":118},[57,42295,101],{"class":93},[57,42297,2423],{"class":1256},[57,42299,101],{"class":93},[57,42301,104],{"class":71},[57,42303,42224],{"class":75},[57,42305,104],{"class":71},[57,42307,640],{"class":93},[20,42309,3238,42310,8837,42312,42315],{},[15,42311,40944],{},[15,42313,42314],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42317,10947],{},[30,42319,42320,42326],{},[33,42321,42322,42325],{},[15,42323,42324],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42327,42328,42330],{},[15,42329,42283],{}," fails",[20,42332,42333,42334,42337,42338,42340],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[293,42335,42336],{"href":3110},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[293,42339,2654],{"href":2653}," helpful.",[43,42342,2075],{"id":2074},[572,42344,42346],{"id":42345},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42348,42349,42350,3114,42352,94],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42351,2727],{},[15,42353,40383],{},[572,42355,42357],{"id":42356},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42359,42360,42361,3114,42364,94],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42362,42363],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42365,42366],{},"\"10\"",[572,42368,42370],{"id":42369},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42372,2125,42373,42375,42376,94],{},[15,42374,41770],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42377,40944],{},[572,42379,42381],{"id":42380},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42383,5380,42384,94],{},[15,42385,4003],{},[572,42387,42389],{"id":42388},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42391,42392,42393,42395,42396,2082,42399,42395,42401,94],{},"Yes. ",[15,42394,3838],{}," becomes ",[15,42397,42398],{},"1.0",[15,42400,3909],{},[15,42402,4003],{},[43,42404,2132],{"id":2131},[30,42406,42407,42411,42417,42422,42426,42430],{},[33,42408,42409],{},[293,42410,42336],{"href":3110},[33,42412,42413],{},[293,42414,42416],{"href":42415},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42418,42419],{},[293,42420,42421],{"href":41131},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,42423,42424],{},[293,42425,9293],{"href":9215},[33,42427,42428],{},[293,42429,41136],{"href":41135},[33,42431,42432],{},[293,42433,42434],{"href":8454},"Python input() Function Explained",[2161,42436,42437],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":42439},[42440,42441,42442,42443,42450,42455,42456,42463,42468,42475,42476,42483],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":40430,"depth":82,"text":40431},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":40655,"depth":82,"text":40656,"children":42444},[42445,42446,42447,42448,42449],{"id":40664,"depth":115,"text":40665},{"id":40728,"depth":115,"text":40729},{"id":40792,"depth":115,"text":40793},{"id":40834,"depth":115,"text":40835},{"id":40889,"depth":115,"text":40890},{"id":40928,"depth":82,"text":40929,"children":42451},[42452,42453,42454],{"id":40937,"depth":115,"text":40938},{"id":41023,"depth":115,"text":41024},{"id":41093,"depth":115,"text":41094},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":41285,"depth":82,"text":41286,"children":42457},[42458,42460,42461,42462],{"id":41289,"depth":115,"text":42459},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41382,"depth":115,"text":41383},{"id":41468,"depth":115,"text":41469},{"id":41530,"depth":115,"text":41531},{"id":41590,"depth":82,"text":41591,"children":42464},[42465,42466,42467],{"id":41599,"depth":115,"text":41600},{"id":41638,"depth":115,"text":41639},{"id":41679,"depth":115,"text":41680},{"id":41744,"depth":82,"text":41745,"children":42469},[42470,42471,42472,42473,42474],{"id":41754,"depth":115,"text":40944},{"id":41820,"depth":115,"text":3241},{"id":41887,"depth":115,"text":41888},{"id":41960,"depth":115,"text":41961},{"id":42087,"depth":115,"text":42088},{"id":42191,"depth":82,"text":42192},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":42477},[42478,42479,42480,42481,42482],{"id":42345,"depth":115,"text":42346},{"id":42356,"depth":115,"text":42357},{"id":42369,"depth":115,"text":42370},{"id":42380,"depth":115,"text":42381},{"id":42388,"depth":115,"text":42389},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40331,"description":42484},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42491,"title":42492,"body":42493,"description":43708,"extension":2201,"meta":43709,"navigation":217,"path":35262,"seo":43710,"stem":43711,"__hash__":43712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42494,"toc":43674},[42495,42498,42503,42506,42508,42547,42561,42565,42570,42573,42590,42593,42603,42618,42621,42623,42626,42642,42645,42648,42668,42672,42683,42686,42690,42694,42708,42743,42747,42758,42793,42796,42798,42806,42839,42855,42857,42867,42888,42899,42901,42906,42909,42923,42925,42944,42947,42960,42963,42967,42971,42985,42988,43006,43009,43024,43028,43033,43047,43053,43055,43107,43109,43141,43144,43160,43164,43171,43175,43180,43183,43194,43198,43203,43218,43227,43232,43251,43254,43266,43268,43273,43283,43286,43315,43320,43329,43333,43338,43341,43345,43350,43352,43382,43385,43392,43397,43402,43406,43409,43417,43420,43498,43501,43523,43525,43529,43532,43536,43542,43605,43609,43617,43621,43624,43626,43651,43671],[10,42496,42492],{"id":42497},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42499,3816,42500,42502],{},[15,42501,35265],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42504,42505],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[43,42507,46],{"id":45},[48,42509,42511],{"className":50,"code":42510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42512,42513,42523,42533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42514,42515,42517,42519,42521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42516,32392],{"class":118},[57,42518,101],{"class":93},[57,42520,2009],{"class":118},[57,42522,112],{"class":93},[57,42524,42525,42527,42529,42531],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42526,32392],{"class":118},[57,42528,101],{"class":93},[57,42530,3676],{"class":1256},[57,42532,112],{"class":93},[57,42534,42535,42537,42539,42541,42543,42545],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,42536,32392],{"class":118},[57,42538,101],{"class":93},[57,42540,261],{"class":71},[57,42542,34898],{"class":75},[57,42544,261],{"class":71},[57,42546,112],{"class":93},[20,42548,136,42549,42551,42552,3114,42554,42556,42557,42560],{},[15,42550,35265],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42553,2009],{},[15,42555,3676],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42558,42559],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[43,42562,42564],{"id":42563},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42566,42567,42569],{},[15,42568,35265],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42571,42572],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42574,42575,42578,42581,42584,42587],{},[33,42576,42577],{},"Functions",[33,42579,42580],{},"Classes",[33,42582,42583],{},"Methods",[33,42585,42586],{},"Modules",[33,42588,42589],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42591,42592],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42594,42595,42596,42602],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[293,42597,42599],{"href":42598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42600,42601],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[48,42604,42606],{"className":50,"code":42605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\n",[15,42607,42608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42611,32392],{"class":118},[57,42613,101],{"class":93},[57,42615,2009],{"class":118},[57,42617,112],{"class":93},[20,42619,42620],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[43,42622,300],{"id":299},[20,42624,42625],{},"The main form is:",[48,42627,42629],{"className":50,"code":42628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(object)\n",[15,42630,42631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42632,42633,42635,42637,42640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42634,32392],{"class":118},[57,42636,101],{"class":93},[57,42638,42639],{"class":1256},"object",[57,42641,112],{"class":93},[20,42643,42644],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42646,42647],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42649,42650,42654,42659,42663],{},[33,42651,42652],{},[15,42653,2009],{},[33,42655,42656],{},[15,42657,42658],{},"list.append",[33,42660,42661],{},[15,42662,3676],{},[33,42664,42665],{},[15,42666,42667],{},"open",[20,42669,7411,42670,7414],{},[15,42671,35265],{},[48,42673,42675],{"className":50,"code":42674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help()\n",[15,42676,42677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42678,42679,42681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42680,32392],{"class":118},[57,42682,212],{"class":93},[20,42684,42685],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[43,42687,42689],{"id":42688},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[572,42691,42693],{"id":42692},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42695,42696,42697,754,42699,754,42701,17306,42704,94],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42698,2009],{},[15,42700,119],{},[15,42702,42703],{},"input",[293,42705,42706],{"href":2533},[15,42707,2536],{},[48,42709,42711],{"className":50,"code":42710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42712,42713,42723,42733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42714,42715,42717,42719,42721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42716,32392],{"class":118},[57,42718,101],{"class":93},[57,42720,119],{"class":118},[57,42722,112],{"class":93},[57,42724,42725,42727,42729,42731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42726,32392],{"class":118},[57,42728,101],{"class":93},[57,42730,42703],{"class":118},[57,42732,112],{"class":93},[57,42734,42735,42737,42739,42741],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,42736,32392],{"class":118},[57,42738,101],{"class":93},[57,42740,1257],{"class":1256},[57,42742,112],{"class":93},[572,42744,42746],{"id":42745},"data-types","Data types",[20,42748,42749,42750,754,42752,754,42754,17306,42756,94],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42751,3676],{},[15,42753,1188],{},[15,42755,9057],{},[15,42757,6521],{},[48,42759,42761],{"className":50,"code":42760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42762,42763,42773,42783],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42766,32392],{"class":118},[57,42768,101],{"class":93},[57,42770,3676],{"class":1256},[57,42772,112],{"class":93},[57,42774,42775,42777,42779,42781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42776,32392],{"class":118},[57,42778,101],{"class":93},[57,42780,1188],{"class":1256},[57,42782,112],{"class":93},[57,42784,42785,42787,42789,42791],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,42786,32392],{"class":118},[57,42788,101],{"class":93},[57,42790,9057],{"class":1256},[57,42792,112],{"class":93},[20,42794,42795],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[572,42797,42583],{"id":34745},[20,42799,42800,42801,2082,42804,94],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42802,42803],{},"str.split",[15,42805,42658],{},[48,42807,42809],{"className":50,"code":42808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42810,42811,42825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42812,42813,42815,42817,42819,42821,42823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42814,32392],{"class":118},[57,42816,101],{"class":93},[57,42818,3676],{"class":1256},[57,42820,94],{"class":93},[57,42822,98],{"class":24987},[57,42824,112],{"class":93},[57,42826,42827,42829,42831,42833,42835,42837],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42828,32392],{"class":118},[57,42830,101],{"class":93},[57,42832,1188],{"class":1256},[57,42834,94],{"class":93},[57,42836,13784],{"class":24987},[57,42838,112],{"class":93},[20,42840,42841,42842,8940,42844,28552,42849,42851,42852,42854],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42843,35265],{},[293,42845,42847],{"href":42846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42848,34552],{},[15,42850,34552],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42853,35265],{}," explains one of them.",[572,42856,42586],{"id":34898},[20,42858,42859,42860,754,42862,17306,42864,94],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42861,18651],{},[15,42863,35428],{},[15,42865,42866],{},"os",[48,42868,42870],{"className":50,"code":42869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42871,42872,42878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42873,42874,42876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42875,35329],{"class":4110},[57,42877,35332],{"class":63},[57,42879,42880,42882,42884,42886],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,42881,32392],{"class":118},[57,42883,101],{"class":93},[57,42885,18651],{"class":97},[57,42887,112],{"class":93},[20,42889,42890,42891,42895,42896,94],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[293,42892,42894],{"href":42893},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[293,42897,35395],{"href":42898},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[43,42900,35156],{"id":35155},[20,42902,42903,42905],{},[15,42904,35265],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42907,42908],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42910,42911,42914,42917,42920],{},[33,42912,42913],{},"The function signature",[33,42915,42916],{},"The short description",[33,42918,42919],{},"Parameter names",[33,42921,42922],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42924,5705],{},[48,42926,42928],{"className":50,"code":42927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42929,42930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42933,32392],{"class":118},[57,42935,101],{"class":93},[57,42937,3676],{"class":1256},[57,42939,94],{"class":93},[57,42941,98],{"class":24987},[57,42943,112],{"class":93},[20,42945,42946],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42948,42949,42952,42955,42957],{},[33,42950,42951],{},"What object this is",[33,42953,42954],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42956,22206],{},[33,42958,42959],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42961,42962],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[43,42964,42966],{"id":42965},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42968,42969,30112],{},[15,42970,35265],{},[30,42972,42973,42976,42979,42982],{},[33,42974,42975],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42977,42978],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42980,42981],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42983,42984],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42986,42987],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[48,42989,42990],{"className":50,"code":42927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42991,42992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42993,42994,42996,42998,43000,43002,43004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42995,32392],{"class":118},[57,42997,101],{"class":93},[57,42999,3676],{"class":1256},[57,43001,94],{"class":93},[57,43003,98],{"class":24987},[57,43005,112],{"class":93},[20,43007,43008],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[48,43010,43012],{"className":50,"code":43011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(open)\n",[15,43013,43014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43015,43016,43018,43020,43022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43017,32392],{"class":118},[57,43019,101],{"class":93},[57,43021,42667],{"class":118},[57,43023,112],{"class":93},[43,43025,43027],{"id":43026},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43029,43030,43032],{},[15,43031,35265],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,43034,43035,43038,43041,43044],{},[33,43036,43037],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,43039,43040],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,43042,43043],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,43045,43046],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43048,43049,43050,43052],{},"So, ",[15,43051,35265],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43054,5705],{},[48,43056,43057],{"className":50,"code":1786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,43058,43059,43071,43093,43097],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43060,43061,43063,43065,43067,43069],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43062,64],{"class":63},[57,43064,68],{"class":67},[57,43066,72],{"class":71},[57,43068,1723],{"class":75},[57,43070,79],{"class":71},[57,43072,43073,43075,43077,43079,43081,43083,43085,43087,43089,43091],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43074,85],{"class":63},[57,43076,68],{"class":67},[57,43078,90],{"class":63},[57,43080,94],{"class":93},[57,43082,98],{"class":97},[57,43084,101],{"class":93},[57,43086,104],{"class":71},[57,43088,107],{"class":75},[57,43090,104],{"class":71},[57,43092,112],{"class":93},[57,43094,43095],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,43096,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,43098,43099,43101,43103,43105],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,43100,119],{"class":118},[57,43102,101],{"class":93},[57,43104,124],{"class":97},[57,43106,112],{"class":93},[20,43108,5792],{},[48,43110,43111],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,43112,43113],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43114,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123,43125,43127,43129,43131,43133,43135,43137,43139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43116,258],{"class":93},[57,43118,261],{"class":71},[57,43120,293],{"class":75},[57,43122,261],{"class":71},[57,43124,107],{"class":93},[57,43126,271],{"class":71},[57,43128,664],{"class":75},[57,43130,261],{"class":71},[57,43132,107],{"class":93},[57,43134,271],{"class":71},[57,43136,673],{"class":75},[57,43138,261],{"class":71},[57,43140,288],{"class":93},[20,43142,43143],{},"A good workflow is:",[28952,43145,43146,43151,43154,43157],{},[33,43147,136,43148,43150],{},[15,43149,35265],{}," to inspect something",[33,43152,43153],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,43155,43156],{},"Check the result",[33,43158,43159],{},"Repeat",[43,43161,43163],{"id":43162},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43165,43166,2082,43168,43170],{},[15,43167,35265],{},[15,43169,34552],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[572,43172,43173],{"id":32392},[15,43174,35265],{},[20,43176,136,43177,43179],{},[15,43178,35265],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43181,43182],{},"It tells you:",[30,43184,43185,43188,43191],{},[33,43186,43187],{},"What something is",[33,43189,43190],{},"How to use it",[33,43192,43193],{},"What parameters it accepts",[572,43195,43196],{"id":34613},[15,43197,34552],{},[20,43199,136,43200,43202],{},[15,43201,34552],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[48,43204,43206],{"className":50,"code":43205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dir(str)\n",[15,43207,43208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43211,34613],{"class":118},[57,43213,101],{"class":93},[57,43215,3676],{"class":1256},[57,43217,112],{"class":93},[20,43219,43220,43221,754,43223,17306,43225,94],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43222,98],{},[15,43224,8870],{},[15,43226,8876],{},[20,43228,43229,43230,1016],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43231,35265],{},[48,43233,43235],{"className":50,"code":43234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43236,43237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43238,43239,43241,43243,43245,43247,43249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43240,32392],{"class":118},[57,43242,101],{"class":93},[57,43244,3676],{"class":1256},[57,43246,94],{"class":93},[57,43248,8876],{"class":24987},[57,43250,112],{"class":93},[20,43252,43253],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,43255,43256,43261],{},[33,43257,136,43258,43260],{},[15,43259,34552],{}," to discover options",[33,43262,136,43263,43265],{},[15,43264,35265],{}," to understand one option",[43,43267,1673],{"id":1672},[20,43269,43270,43271,94],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43272,35265],{},[572,43274,425,43276,43279,43280],{"id":43275},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43277,43278],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43281,43282],{},"help(len)",[20,43284,43285],{},"These are not always the same.",[48,43287,43289],{"className":50,"code":43288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43290,43291,43301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43294,32392],{"class":118},[57,43296,101],{"class":93},[57,43298,2009],{"class":118},[57,43300,112],{"class":93},[57,43302,43303,43305,43307,43309,43311,43313],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43304,32392],{"class":118},[57,43306,101],{"class":93},[57,43308,261],{"class":71},[57,43310,2009],{"class":75},[57,43312,261],{"class":71},[57,43314,112],{"class":93},[20,43316,43317,43319],{},[15,43318,43282],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43321,43322,43324,43325,43328],{},[15,43323,43278],{}," treats ",[15,43326,43327],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[572,43330,43332],{"id":43331},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43334,43335,43337],{},[15,43336,35265],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43339,43340],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[572,43342,43344],{"id":43343},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43346,40583,43347,43349],{},[15,43348,35265],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43351,179],{},[48,43353,43355],{"className":50,"code":43354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43356,43357,43367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43360,32392],{"class":118},[57,43362,101],{"class":93},[57,43364,2009],{"class":118},[57,43366,112],{"class":93},[57,43368,43369,43371,43373,43375,43378,43380],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43370,119],{"class":118},[57,43372,101],{"class":93},[57,43374,104],{"class":71},[57,43376,43377],{"class":75},"Done",[57,43379,104],{"class":71},[57,43381,112],{"class":93},[20,43383,43384],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[572,43386,37444,43388,8940,43390],{"id":43387},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43389,35265],{},[15,43391,34552],{},[20,43393,43394,43395,94],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43396,34552],{},[20,43398,43399,43400,94],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43401,35265],{},[43,43403,43405],{"id":43404},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43407,43408],{},"Open Python:",[48,43410,43411],{"className":50,"code":35781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,43412,43413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43414,43415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43416,35781],{"class":63},[20,43418,43419],{},"Then test these commands:",[48,43421,43423],{"className":50,"code":43422,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43424,43425,43435,43449,43463,43473,43488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43426,43427,43429,43431,43433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43428,32392],{"class":118},[57,43430,101],{"class":93},[57,43432,2009],{"class":118},[57,43434,112],{"class":93},[57,43436,43437,43439,43441,43443,43445,43447],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43438,32392],{"class":118},[57,43440,101],{"class":93},[57,43442,3676],{"class":1256},[57,43444,94],{"class":93},[57,43446,98],{"class":24987},[57,43448,112],{"class":93},[57,43450,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,43452,32392],{"class":118},[57,43454,101],{"class":93},[57,43456,1188],{"class":1256},[57,43458,94],{"class":93},[57,43460,13784],{"class":24987},[57,43462,112],{"class":93},[57,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,43466,32392],{"class":118},[57,43468,101],{"class":93},[57,43470,42667],{"class":118},[57,43472,112],{"class":93},[57,43474,43475,43477,43479,43481,43484,43486],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,43476,32392],{"class":118},[57,43478,101],{"class":93},[57,43480,261],{"class":71},[57,43482,43483],{"class":75},"keywords",[57,43485,261],{"class":71},[57,43487,112],{"class":93},[57,43489,43490,43492,43494,43496],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,43491,34613],{"class":118},[57,43493,101],{"class":93},[57,43495,3676],{"class":1256},[57,43497,112],{"class":93},[20,43499,43500],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43502,43503,43506,43509,43512,43515,43518],{},[33,43504,43505],{},"A built-in function",[33,43507,43508],{},"A string method",[33,43510,43511],{},"A list method",[33,43513,43514],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43516,43517],{},"A special help topic",[33,43519,15421,43520,43522],{},[15,43521,34552],{}," example for comparison",[43,43524,2075],{"id":2074},[572,43526,43528],{"id":43527},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43530,43531],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[572,43533,43535],{"id":43534},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43537,43538,43539,43541],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43540,35265],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[48,43543,43545],{"className":50,"code":43544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43546,43547,43559,43572,43591,43595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43548,43549,43551,43553,43555,43557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43550,35089],{"class":1326},[57,43552,35093],{"class":35092},[57,43554,101],{"class":93},[57,43556,1056],{"class":37903},[57,43558,8577],{"class":93},[57,43560,43561,43565,43569],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43562,43564],{"class":43563},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[57,43566,43568],{"class":43567},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[57,43570,43571],{"class":43563},"\"\"\"\n",[57,43573,43574,43576,43579,43582,43584,43586,43588],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,43575,35100],{"class":4110},[57,43577,43578],{"class":1326}," f",[57,43580,43581],{"class":75},"\"Hello, ",[57,43583,9514],{"class":1023},[57,43585,1056],{"class":63},[57,43587,22539],{"class":1023},[57,43589,43590],{"class":75},"!\"\n",[57,43592,43593],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,43594,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,43596,43597,43599,43601,43603],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,43598,32392],{"class":118},[57,43600,101],{"class":93},[57,43602,35135],{"class":97},[57,43604,112],{"class":93},[572,43606,43608],{"id":43607},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43610,43611,43613,43614,43616],{},[15,43612,43282],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43615,43278],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[572,43618,43620],{"id":43619},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43622,43623],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[43,43625,2132],{"id":2131},[30,43627,43628,43633,43637,43642,43647],{},[33,43629,43630],{},[293,43631,43632],{"href":42846},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43634,43635],{},[293,43636,8677],{"href":2533},[33,43638,43639],{},[293,43640,43641],{"href":42598},"Python len() function explained",[33,43643,43644],{},[293,43645,43646],{"href":42893},"How import works in Python",[33,43648,43649],{},[293,43650,35395],{"href":42898},[20,43652,43653,43654,43656,43657,754,43659,17306,43661,43663,43664,3114,43667,43670],{},"Try ",[15,43655,35265],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43658,2009],{},[15,43660,119],{},[15,43662,42703],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43665,43666],{},"dir(str)",[15,43668,43669],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2161,43672,43673],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":43675},[43676,43677,43678,43679,43685,43686,43687,43688,43692,43700,43701,43707],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":42563,"depth":82,"text":42564},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":42688,"depth":82,"text":42689,"children":43680},[43681,43682,43683,43684],{"id":42692,"depth":115,"text":42693},{"id":42745,"depth":115,"text":42746},{"id":34745,"depth":115,"text":42583},{"id":34898,"depth":115,"text":42586},{"id":35155,"depth":82,"text":35156},{"id":42965,"depth":82,"text":42966},{"id":43026,"depth":82,"text":43027},{"id":43162,"depth":82,"text":43163,"children":43689},[43690,43691],{"id":32392,"depth":115,"text":35265},{"id":34613,"depth":115,"text":34552},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":43693},[43694,43696,43697,43698],{"id":43275,"depth":115,"text":43695},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43331,"depth":115,"text":43332},{"id":43343,"depth":115,"text":43344},{"id":43387,"depth":115,"text":43699},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43404,"depth":82,"text":43405},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":43702},[43703,43704,43705,43706],{"id":43527,"depth":115,"text":43528},{"id":43534,"depth":115,"text":43535},{"id":43607,"depth":115,"text":43608},{"id":43619,"depth":115,"text":43620},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42492,"description":43708},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43714,"title":43715,"body":43716,"description":45078,"extension":2201,"meta":45079,"navigation":217,"path":45080,"seo":45081,"stem":45082,"__hash__":45083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43717,"toc":45051},[43718,43724,43729,43735,43745,43804,43814,43825,43830,43836,43838,43856,43864,43866,43868,43883,43886,43897,43899,43990,43993,43997,44002,44023,44025,44136,44138,44165,44176,44180,44183,44266,44268,44276,44282,44288,44292,44295,44405,44407,44420,44423,44437,44445,44452,44457,44471,44477,44590,44592,44653,44656,44662,44668,44671,44693,44696,44766,44769,44801,44808,44810,44813,44831,44834,44846,44852,44854,44859,44885,44888,44960,44962,44968,44971,44977,44980,44986,44996,45002,45005,45012,45015,45017,45048],[10,43719,3809,43721,3813],{"id":43720},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43722,43723],{},"id()",[20,43725,32557,43726,43728],{},[15,43727,43723],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43730,43731,43732,43734],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43733,43723],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43736,136,43737,43739,43740,43742,43743,94],{},[15,43738,43723],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[153,43741,175],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43744,4921],{},[48,43746,43748],{"className":50,"code":43747,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43749,43750,43762,43776,43780,43790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43751,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43753,8112],{"class":63},[57,43755,68],{"class":67},[57,43757,72],{"class":71},[57,43759,528],{"class":75},[57,43761,79],{"class":71},[57,43763,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43765,119],{"class":118},[57,43767,101],{"class":93},[57,43769,12881],{"class":118},[57,43771,101],{"class":93},[57,43773,1056],{"class":97},[57,43775,640],{"class":93},[57,43777,43778],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,43779,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,43781,43782,43785,43787],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,43783,43784],{"class":63},"other ",[57,43786,68],{"class":67},[57,43788,43789],{"class":63}," name\n",[57,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,43793,119],{"class":118},[57,43795,101],{"class":93},[57,43797,12881],{"class":118},[57,43799,101],{"class":93},[57,43801,30982],{"class":97},[57,43803,640],{"class":93},[20,43805,43806,43807,43810,43811,43813],{},"In this example, ",[15,43808,43809],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43812,43723],{}," values match.",[43815,43816,43817],"blockquote",{},[20,43818,136,43819,43821,43822,43824],{},[15,43820,43723],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43823,4921],{}," for value comparison.",[43,43826,143,43828,146],{"id":43827},"what-id-does",[15,43829,43723],{},[20,43831,43832,43835],{},[15,43833,43834],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43837,13284],{},[30,43839,43840,43843,43850,43853],{},[33,43841,43842],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43844,43845,43846,43849],{},"It shows ",[153,43847,43848],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43851,43852],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43854,43855],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43857,43858,43859,43863],{},"This is closely related to how ",[293,43860,43862],{"href":43861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[43,43865,300],{"id":299},[20,43867,5667],{},[48,43869,43871],{"className":50,"code":43870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"id(object)\n",[15,43872,43873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43874,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43876,12881],{"class":118},[57,43878,101],{"class":93},[57,43880,42639],{"class":1256},[57,43882,112],{"class":93},[20,43884,43885],{},"Important details:",[30,43887,43888,43891,43894],{},[33,43889,43890],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43892,43893],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43895,43896],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43898,179],{},[48,43900,43902],{"className":50,"code":43901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43903,43904,43916,43924,43944,43948,43962,43976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43907,64],{"class":63},[57,43909,68],{"class":67},[57,43911,72],{"class":71},[57,43913,1590],{"class":75},[57,43915,79],{"class":71},[57,43917,43918,43920,43922],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,43919,2450],{"class":63},[57,43921,68],{"class":67},[57,43923,3005],{"class":1023},[57,43925,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,43927,8014],{"class":63},[57,43929,68],{"class":67},[57,43931,1380],{"class":93},[57,43933,3224],{"class":1023},[57,43935,107],{"class":93},[57,43937,1024],{"class":1023},[57,43939,107],{"class":93},[57,43941,2686],{"class":1023},[57,43943,288],{"class":93},[57,43945,43946],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,43947,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,43949,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,43951,119],{"class":118},[57,43953,101],{"class":93},[57,43955,12881],{"class":118},[57,43957,101],{"class":93},[57,43959,227],{"class":97},[57,43961,640],{"class":93},[57,43963,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,43965,119],{"class":118},[57,43967,101],{"class":93},[57,43969,12881],{"class":118},[57,43971,101],{"class":93},[57,43973,2473],{"class":97},[57,43975,640],{"class":93},[57,43977,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,43979,119],{"class":118},[57,43981,101],{"class":93},[57,43983,12881],{"class":118},[57,43985,101],{"class":93},[57,43987,8045],{"class":97},[57,43989,640],{"class":93},[20,43991,43992],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[43,43994,43996],{"id":43995},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43998,43999,44000,94],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44001,43723],{},[30,44003,44004,44011,44018],{},[33,44005,44006,44008,44009],{},[15,44007,4921],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[153,44010,2708],{},[33,44012,44013,44015,44016],{},[15,44014,537],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[153,44017,42639],{},[33,44019,44020,44022],{},[15,44021,43723],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44024,179],{},[48,44026,44028],{"className":50,"code":44027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44029,44030,44050,44070,44074,44091,44108,44122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44031,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044,44046,44048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44033,2790],{"class":63},[57,44035,68],{"class":67},[57,44037,1380],{"class":93},[57,44039,3224],{"class":1023},[57,44041,107],{"class":93},[57,44043,1024],{"class":1023},[57,44045,107],{"class":93},[57,44047,2686],{"class":1023},[57,44049,288],{"class":93},[57,44051,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44053,2818],{"class":63},[57,44055,68],{"class":67},[57,44057,1380],{"class":93},[57,44059,3224],{"class":1023},[57,44061,107],{"class":93},[57,44063,1024],{"class":1023},[57,44065,107],{"class":93},[57,44067,2686],{"class":1023},[57,44069,288],{"class":93},[57,44071,44072],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44073,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44075,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44077,119],{"class":118},[57,44079,101],{"class":93},[57,44081,2790],{"class":97},[57,44083,4921],{"class":67},[57,44085,2795],{"class":97},[57,44087,3896],{"class":93},[57,44089,44090],{"class":132},"   # True\n",[57,44092,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44094,119],{"class":118},[57,44096,101],{"class":93},[57,44098,2790],{"class":97},[57,44100,537],{"class":4110},[57,44102,2795],{"class":97},[57,44104,3896],{"class":93},[57,44106,44107],{"class":132},"   # False\n",[57,44109,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,44111,119],{"class":118},[57,44113,101],{"class":93},[57,44115,12881],{"class":118},[57,44117,101],{"class":93},[57,44119,293],{"class":97},[57,44121,640],{"class":93},[57,44123,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,44125,119],{"class":118},[57,44127,101],{"class":93},[57,44129,12881],{"class":118},[57,44131,101],{"class":93},[57,44133,664],{"class":97},[57,44135,640],{"class":93},[20,44137,1081],{},[30,44139,44140,44148,44156],{},[33,44141,44142,5016,44145,44147],{},[15,44143,44144],{},"a == b",[15,44146,3838],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,44149,44150,5016,44153,44155],{},[15,44151,44152],{},"a is b",[15,44154,3909],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,44157,44158,2082,44161,44164],{},[15,44159,44160],{},"id(a)",[15,44162,44163],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44166,44167,44168,2082,44172,94],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[293,44169,44171],{"href":44170},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[293,44173,44175],{"href":44174},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[43,44177,44179],{"id":44178},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44181,44182],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[48,44184,44186],{"className":50,"code":44185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44187,44188,44208,44218,44222,44236,44251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44189,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44204,44206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44191,3853],{"class":63},[57,44193,68],{"class":67},[57,44195,1380],{"class":93},[57,44197,941],{"class":1023},[57,44199,107],{"class":93},[57,44201,8025],{"class":1023},[57,44203,107],{"class":93},[57,44205,8030],{"class":1023},[57,44207,288],{"class":93},[57,44209,44210,44213,44215],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44211,44212],{"class":63},"other_numbers ",[57,44214,68],{"class":67},[57,44216,44217],{"class":63}," numbers\n",[57,44219,44220],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44221,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44223,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44225,119],{"class":118},[57,44227,101],{"class":93},[57,44229,12881],{"class":118},[57,44231,101],{"class":93},[57,44233,3883],{"class":97},[57,44235,640],{"class":93},[57,44237,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44249],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44239,119],{"class":118},[57,44241,101],{"class":93},[57,44243,12881],{"class":118},[57,44245,101],{"class":93},[57,44247,44248],{"class":97},"other_numbers",[57,44250,640],{"class":93},[57,44252,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44264],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,44254,119],{"class":118},[57,44256,101],{"class":93},[57,44258,3853],{"class":97},[57,44260,537],{"class":4110},[57,44262,44263],{"class":97}," other_numbers",[57,44265,112],{"class":93},[20,44267,5792],{},[48,44269,44270],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,44271,44272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44273,44274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44275,4213],{"class":4085},[20,44277,44278,44279,44281],{},"The two ",[15,44280,43723],{}," values will also match.",[20,44283,22425,44284,44287],{},[15,44285,44286],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[43,44289,44291],{"id":44290},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44293,44294],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[48,44296,44298],{"className":50,"code":44297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44299,44300,44321,44342,44346,44361,44375,44390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44301,44302,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44303,44304],{"class":63},"list_a ",[57,44306,68],{"class":67},[57,44308,1380],{"class":93},[57,44310,3224],{"class":1023},[57,44312,107],{"class":93},[57,44314,1024],{"class":1023},[57,44316,107],{"class":93},[57,44318,2686],{"class":1023},[57,44320,288],{"class":93},[57,44322,44323,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338,44340],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44324,44325],{"class":63},"list_b ",[57,44327,68],{"class":67},[57,44329,1380],{"class":93},[57,44331,3224],{"class":1023},[57,44333,107],{"class":93},[57,44335,1024],{"class":1023},[57,44337,107],{"class":93},[57,44339,2686],{"class":1023},[57,44341,288],{"class":93},[57,44343,44344],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44345,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356,44359],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44349,119],{"class":118},[57,44351,101],{"class":93},[57,44353,44304],{"class":97},[57,44355,4921],{"class":67},[57,44357,44358],{"class":97}," list_b",[57,44360,112],{"class":93},[57,44362,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44364,119],{"class":118},[57,44366,101],{"class":93},[57,44368,44304],{"class":97},[57,44370,537],{"class":4110},[57,44372,44358],{"class":97},[57,44374,112],{"class":93},[57,44376,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385,44388],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,44378,119],{"class":118},[57,44380,101],{"class":93},[57,44382,12881],{"class":118},[57,44384,101],{"class":93},[57,44386,44387],{"class":97},"list_a",[57,44389,640],{"class":93},[57,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44403],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,44393,119],{"class":118},[57,44395,101],{"class":93},[57,44397,12881],{"class":118},[57,44399,101],{"class":93},[57,44401,44402],{"class":97},"list_b",[57,44404,640],{"class":93},[20,44406,5792],{},[48,44408,44410],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44411,44412,44416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44413,44414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44415,4213],{"class":4085},[57,44417,44418],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44419,4274],{"class":4085},[20,44421,44422],{},"What this means:",[30,44424,44425,44428,44431],{},[33,44426,44427],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,44429,44430],{},"They are not the same object",[33,44432,44433,44434,44436],{},"Their ",[15,44435,43723],{}," values are usually different",[20,44438,44439,44440,44442,44443,94],{},"This is why ",[15,44441,43723],{}," should not replace ",[15,44444,4921],{},[43,44446,44448,44449,44451],{"id":44447},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44450,43723],{}," is useful",[20,44453,44454,44456],{},[15,44455,43723],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,44458,44459,44462,44465,44468],{},[33,44460,44461],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,44463,44464],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44466,44467],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44469,44470],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44472,44473,44474,44476],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44475,43723],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[48,44478,44480],{"className":50,"code":44479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44481,44482,44506,44515,44519,44538,44542,44552,44562,44576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44483,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44485,12318],{"class":63},[57,44487,68],{"class":67},[57,44489,1380],{"class":93},[57,44491,104],{"class":71},[57,44493,293],{"class":75},[57,44495,104],{"class":71},[57,44497,107],{"class":93},[57,44499,72],{"class":71},[57,44501,664],{"class":75},[57,44503,104],{"class":71},[57,44505,288],{"class":93},[57,44507,44508,44511,44513],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44509,44510],{"class":63},"copy_ref ",[57,44512,68],{"class":67},[57,44514,12356],{"class":63},[57,44516,44517],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44518,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44520,44521,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44522,44523],{"class":63},"copy_ref",[57,44525,94],{"class":93},[57,44527,13784],{"class":97},[57,44529,101],{"class":93},[57,44531,104],{"class":71},[57,44533,673],{"class":75},[57,44535,104],{"class":71},[57,44537,112],{"class":93},[57,44539,44540],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44541,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,44545,119],{"class":118},[57,44547,101],{"class":93},[57,44549,12365],{"class":97},[57,44551,112],{"class":93},[57,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,44555,119],{"class":118},[57,44557,101],{"class":93},[57,44559,44523],{"class":97},[57,44561,112],{"class":93},[57,44563,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,44565,119],{"class":118},[57,44567,101],{"class":93},[57,44569,12881],{"class":118},[57,44571,101],{"class":93},[57,44573,12365],{"class":97},[57,44575,640],{"class":93},[57,44577,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,44579,119],{"class":118},[57,44581,101],{"class":93},[57,44583,12881],{"class":118},[57,44585,101],{"class":93},[57,44587,44523],{"class":97},[57,44589,640],{"class":93},[20,44591,5792],{},[48,44593,44595],{"className":50,"code":44594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44596,44597,44625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44598,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44600,258],{"class":93},[57,44602,261],{"class":71},[57,44604,293],{"class":75},[57,44606,261],{"class":71},[57,44608,107],{"class":93},[57,44610,271],{"class":71},[57,44612,664],{"class":75},[57,44614,261],{"class":71},[57,44616,107],{"class":93},[57,44618,271],{"class":71},[57,44620,673],{"class":75},[57,44622,261],{"class":71},[57,44624,288],{"class":93},[57,44626,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44628,258],{"class":93},[57,44630,261],{"class":71},[57,44632,293],{"class":75},[57,44634,261],{"class":71},[57,44636,107],{"class":93},[57,44638,271],{"class":71},[57,44640,664],{"class":75},[57,44642,261],{"class":71},[57,44644,107],{"class":93},[57,44646,271],{"class":71},[57,44648,673],{"class":75},[57,44650,261],{"class":71},[57,44652,288],{"class":93},[20,44654,44655],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[43,44657,44659,44660],{"id":44658},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44661,43723],{},[20,44663,44664,44665,44667],{},"Do not use ",[15,44666,43723],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44669,44670],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44672,44673,44679,44685,44688],{},[33,44674,44675,44676,44678],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44677,4921],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44680,44681,44682,44684],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44683,43723],{}," values across program runs",[33,44686,44687],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44689,44690,44691],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44692,43723],{},[20,44694,44695],{},"Bad example:",[48,44697,44699],{"className":50,"code":44698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44700,44701,44713,44725,44729,44751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44704,2790],{"class":63},[57,44706,68],{"class":67},[57,44708,72],{"class":71},[57,44710,1296],{"class":75},[57,44712,79],{"class":71},[57,44714,44715,44717,44719,44721,44723],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44716,2818],{"class":63},[57,44718,68],{"class":67},[57,44720,72],{"class":71},[57,44722,1296],{"class":75},[57,44724,79],{"class":71},[57,44726,44727],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44728,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,44730,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44732,7233],{"class":4110},[57,44734,15048],{"class":118},[57,44736,101],{"class":93},[57,44738,293],{"class":97},[57,44740,3896],{"class":93},[57,44742,6643],{"class":67},[57,44744,15048],{"class":118},[57,44746,101],{"class":93},[57,44748,664],{"class":97},[57,44750,8577],{"class":93},[57,44752,44753,44755,44757,44759,44762,44764],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44754,8304],{"class":118},[57,44756,101],{"class":93},[57,44758,104],{"class":71},[57,44760,44761],{"class":75},"The values are equal",[57,44763,104],{"class":71},[57,44765,112],{"class":93},[20,44767,44768],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[48,44770,44772],{"className":50,"code":44771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44773,44774,44787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44775,44776,44778,44781,44783,44785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44777,7233],{"class":4110},[57,44779,44780],{"class":63}," a ",[57,44782,4921],{"class":67},[57,44784,2795],{"class":63},[57,44786,6628],{"class":93},[57,44788,44789,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44790,8304],{"class":118},[57,44792,101],{"class":93},[57,44794,104],{"class":71},[57,44796,44761],{"class":75},[57,44798,104],{"class":71},[57,44800,112],{"class":93},[20,44802,136,44803,3114,44805,44807],{},[15,44804,537],{},[15,44806,43723],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[43,44809,21036],{"id":21035},[20,44811,44812],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44814,44815,44818,44821,44826],{},[33,44816,44817],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44819,44820],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44822,44823,44824],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44825,43723],{},[33,44827,44828,44829],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44830,43723],{},[20,44832,44833],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44835,44836,44841],{},[33,44837,136,44838,44840],{},[15,44839,4921],{}," to check value",[33,44842,136,44843,44845],{},[15,44844,537],{}," to check identity",[20,44847,44848,44849,44851],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44850,43723],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[43,44853,1673],{"id":1672},[20,44855,44856,44857,1016],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44858,43723],{},[30,44860,44861,44869,44872,44875,44880],{},[33,44862,425,44863,44865,44866,44868],{},[15,44864,43723],{}," when ",[15,44867,4921],{}," should be used",[33,44870,44871],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44873,44874],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44876,44877,44878],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44879,43723],{},[33,44881,425,44882,44884],{},[15,44883,43723],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44886,44887],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[48,44889,44891],{"className":50,"code":44890,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44892,44893,44908,44922,44936,44950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44894,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903,44906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44896,119],{"class":118},[57,44898,101],{"class":93},[57,44900,12881],{"class":118},[57,44902,101],{"class":93},[57,44904,44905],{"class":97},"my_object",[57,44907,640],{"class":93},[57,44909,44910,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,44911,119],{"class":118},[57,44913,101],{"class":93},[57,44915,2790],{"class":97},[57,44917,4921],{"class":67},[57,44919,2795],{"class":97},[57,44921,112],{"class":93},[57,44923,44924,44926,44928,44930,44932,44934],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,44925,119],{"class":118},[57,44927,101],{"class":93},[57,44929,2790],{"class":97},[57,44931,537],{"class":4110},[57,44933,2795],{"class":97},[57,44935,112],{"class":93},[57,44937,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,44939,119],{"class":118},[57,44941,101],{"class":93},[57,44943,1257],{"class":1256},[57,44945,101],{"class":93},[57,44947,44905],{"class":97},[57,44949,640],{"class":93},[57,44951,44952,44954,44956,44958],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,44953,32392],{"class":118},[57,44955,101],{"class":93},[57,44957,12881],{"class":118},[57,44959,112],{"class":93},[43,44961,2075],{"id":2074},[572,44963,44965,44966,12947],{"id":44964},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44967,43723],{},[20,44969,44970],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[572,44972,15135,44974,44976],{"id":44973},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44975,43723],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44978,44979],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[572,44981,21656,44983,44985],{"id":44982},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44984,43723],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44987,30509,44988,44990,44991,3114,44993,44995],{},[15,44989,4921],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44992,43723],{},[15,44994,537],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[572,44997,44999,45000,2085],{"id":44998},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45001,43723],{},[20,45003,45004],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[572,45006,45008,45009,45011],{"id":45007},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45010,43723],{}," values?",[20,45013,45014],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[43,45016,2132],{"id":2131},[30,45018,45019,45024,45029,45034,45042],{},[33,45020,45021],{},[293,45022,45023],{"href":43861},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,45025,45026],{},[293,45027,45028],{"href":44170},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,45030,45031],{},[293,45032,45033],{"href":44174},"Python data types overview",[33,45035,45036],{},[293,45037,3809,45039,3742],{"href":45038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45040,45041],{},"isinstance()",[33,45043,45044],{},[293,45045,45047],{"href":45046},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2161,45049,45050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":45052},[45053,45055,45056,45057,45058,45059,45061,45063,45064,45065,45077],{"id":43827,"depth":82,"text":45054},"What id() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":43995,"depth":82,"text":43996},{"id":44178,"depth":82,"text":44179},{"id":44290,"depth":82,"text":44291},{"id":44447,"depth":82,"text":45060},"When id() is useful",{"id":44658,"depth":82,"text":45062},"When not to use id()",{"id":21035,"depth":82,"text":21036},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":45066},[45067,45069,45071,45073,45075],{"id":44964,"depth":115,"text":45068},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44973,"depth":115,"text":45070},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44982,"depth":115,"text":45072},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44998,"depth":115,"text":45074},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45007,"depth":115,"text":45076},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43715,"description":45078},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45085,"title":42434,"body":45086,"description":46726,"extension":2201,"meta":46727,"navigation":217,"path":46728,"seo":46729,"stem":46730,"__hash__":46731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45087,"toc":46692},[45088,45093,45098,45101,45103,45146,45151,45154,45159,45164,45167,45183,45185,45229,45231,45258,45260,45275,45277,45279,45281,45297,45299,45311,45314,45348,45351,45376,45381,45383,45388,45392,45395,45397,45445,45447,45480,45486,45497,45499,45551,45553,45584,45586,45590,45594,45637,45643,45649,45701,45709,45714,45718,45809,45811,45844,45847,45849,45909,45911,45937,45947,45949,45953,45958,45963,45965,46002,46004,46023,46026,46030,46033,46089,46101,46110,46112,46139,46147,46154,46158,46161,46198,46201,46207,46244,46246,46250,46256,46274,46279,46327,46331,46420,46423,46430,46432,46434,46439,46457,46459,46502,46508,46525,46527,46589,46591,46593,46599,46607,46613,46619,46628,46638,46642,46650,46652,46654,46689],[10,45089,3809,45091,3813],{"id":45090},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45092,3193],{},[20,45094,2218,45095,45097],{},[15,45096,3193],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45099,45100],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[43,45102,46],{"id":45},[48,45104,45106],{"className":50,"code":45105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45107,45108,45127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45109,45110,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45123,45125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45111,8112],{"class":63},[57,45113,68],{"class":67},[57,45115,8477],{"class":118},[57,45117,101],{"class":93},[57,45119,104],{"class":71},[57,45121,45122],{"class":75},"Enter your name: ",[57,45124,104],{"class":71},[57,45126,112],{"class":93},[57,45128,45129,45131,45133,45135,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45130,119],{"class":118},[57,45132,101],{"class":93},[57,45134,104],{"class":71},[57,45136,45137],{"class":75},"Hello, ",[57,45139,104],{"class":71},[57,45141,2689],{"class":67},[57,45143,36231],{"class":97},[57,45145,112],{"class":93},[20,45147,136,45148,45150],{},[15,45149,3193],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45152,45153],"hr",{},[43,45155,143,45157,146],{"id":45156},"what-input-does",[15,45158,3193],{},[20,45160,45161,45163],{},[15,45162,3193],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45165,45166],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,45168,45169,45174,45177,45180],{},[33,45170,45171,45173],{},[15,45172,3193],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,45175,45176],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,45178,45179],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,45181,45182],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45184,179],{},[48,45186,45188],{"className":50,"code":45187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45189,45190,45210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45191,45192,45195,45197,45199,45201,45203,45206,45208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45193,45194],{"class":63},"color ",[57,45196,68],{"class":67},[57,45198,8477],{"class":118},[57,45200,101],{"class":93},[57,45202,104],{"class":71},[57,45204,45205],{"class":75},"What is your favorite color? ",[57,45207,104],{"class":71},[57,45209,112],{"class":93},[57,45211,45212,45214,45216,45218,45221,45223,45225,45227],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45213,119],{"class":118},[57,45215,101],{"class":93},[57,45217,104],{"class":71},[57,45219,45220],{"class":75},"Your favorite color is",[57,45222,104],{"class":71},[57,45224,107],{"class":93},[57,45226,36090],{"class":97},[57,45228,112],{"class":93},[20,45230,30268],{},[48,45232,45234],{"className":50,"code":45233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45235,45236,45249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45237,45238,45240,45242,45245,45247],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45239,143],{"class":63},[57,45241,537],{"class":67},[57,45243,45244],{"class":63}," your favorite color",[57,45246,2085],{"class":37607},[57,45248,36120],{"class":63},[57,45250,45251,45254,45256],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45252,45253],{"class":63},"Your favorite color ",[57,45255,537],{"class":67},[57,45257,36120],{"class":63},[20,45259,20192],{},[30,45261,45262,45267,45272],{},[33,45263,45264,45265],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45266,45205],{},[33,45268,45269,45270],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45271,33131],{},[33,45273,45274],{},"That value is then printed",[45152,45276],{},[43,45278,300],{"id":299},[20,45280,7453],{},[48,45282,45284],{"className":50,"code":45283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45285,45286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45287,45288,45290,45292,45295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45289,42703],{"class":118},[57,45291,101],{"class":93},[57,45293,45294],{"class":97},"prompt",[57,45296,112],{"class":93},[20,45298,11690],{},[30,45300,45301,45305,45308],{},[33,45302,2218,45303,20274],{},[15,45304,45294],{},[33,45306,45307],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,45309,45310],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45312,45313],{},"Example with a prompt:",[48,45315,45317],{"className":50,"code":45316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45318,45319,45338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334,45336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45322,8196],{"class":63},[57,45324,68],{"class":67},[57,45326,8477],{"class":118},[57,45328,101],{"class":93},[57,45330,104],{"class":71},[57,45332,45333],{"class":75},"Enter your username: ",[57,45335,104],{"class":71},[57,45337,112],{"class":93},[57,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45341,119],{"class":118},[57,45343,101],{"class":93},[57,45345,8220],{"class":97},[57,45347,112],{"class":93},[20,45349,45350],{},"Example without a prompt:",[48,45352,45354],{"className":50,"code":45353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45355,45356,45366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45357,45358,45360,45362,45364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45359,2681],{"class":63},[57,45361,68],{"class":67},[57,45363,8477],{"class":118},[57,45365,212],{"class":93},[57,45367,45368,45370,45372,45374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45369,119],{"class":118},[57,45371,101],{"class":93},[57,45373,2708],{"class":97},[57,45375,112],{"class":93},[20,45377,7997,45378,45380],{},[15,45379,3193],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45152,45382],{},[43,45384,143,45386,1179],{"id":45385},"what-input-returns",[15,45387,3193],{},[20,45389,45390,8460],{},[15,45391,3193],{},[20,45393,45394],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45396,179],{},[48,45398,45400],{"className":50,"code":45399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45401,45402,45421,45431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45403,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45417,45419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45405,21864],{"class":63},[57,45407,68],{"class":67},[57,45409,8477],{"class":118},[57,45411,101],{"class":93},[57,45413,104],{"class":71},[57,45415,45416],{"class":75},"Enter your age: ",[57,45418,104],{"class":71},[57,45420,112],{"class":93},[57,45422,45423,45425,45427,45429],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45424,119],{"class":118},[57,45426,101],{"class":93},[57,45428,1065],{"class":97},[57,45430,112],{"class":93},[57,45432,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45434,119],{"class":118},[57,45436,101],{"class":93},[57,45438,1257],{"class":1256},[57,45440,101],{"class":93},[57,45442,1065],{"class":97},[57,45444,640],{"class":93},[20,45446,30268],{},[48,45448,45450],{"className":50,"code":45449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45451,45452,45462,45466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45453,45454,45457,45459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45455,45456],{"class":63},"Enter your age",[57,45458,1016],{"class":93},[57,45460,45461],{"class":1023}," 25\n",[57,45463,45464],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45465,2945],{"class":1023},[57,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45469,1323],{"class":67},[57,45471,1327],{"class":1326},[57,45473,271],{"class":71},[57,45475,3676],{"class":75},[57,45477,261],{"class":71},[57,45479,1336],{"class":67},[20,45481,45482,45483,45485],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45484,9429],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45487,45488,45489,3114,45493,94],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[293,45490,45491],{"href":3110},[15,45492,3113],{},[293,45494,45495],{"href":3117},[15,45496,3120],{},[20,45498,179],{},[48,45500,45502],{"className":50,"code":45501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45503,45504,45527,45537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45505,45506,45508,45510,45513,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45507,21864],{"class":63},[57,45509,68],{"class":67},[57,45511,45512],{"class":1256}," int",[57,45514,101],{"class":93},[57,45516,42703],{"class":118},[57,45518,101],{"class":93},[57,45520,104],{"class":71},[57,45522,45416],{"class":75},[57,45524,104],{"class":71},[57,45526,640],{"class":93},[57,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45530,119],{"class":118},[57,45532,101],{"class":93},[57,45534,1065],{"class":97},[57,45536,112],{"class":93},[57,45538,45539,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45540,119],{"class":118},[57,45542,101],{"class":93},[57,45544,1257],{"class":1256},[57,45546,101],{"class":93},[57,45548,1065],{"class":97},[57,45550,640],{"class":93},[20,45552,30268],{},[48,45554,45556],{"className":50,"code":45555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45557,45558,45566,45570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45559,45560,45562,45564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45561,45456],{"class":63},[57,45563,1016],{"class":93},[57,45565,45461],{"class":1023},[57,45567,45568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45569,2945],{"class":1023},[57,45571,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45573,1323],{"class":67},[57,45575,1327],{"class":1326},[57,45577,271],{"class":71},[57,45579,2423],{"class":75},[57,45581,261],{"class":71},[57,45583,1336],{"class":67},[45152,45585],{},[43,45587,45589],{"id":45588},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[572,45591,45593],{"id":45592},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[48,45595,45597],{"className":50,"code":45596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45598,45599,45618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45600,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45614,45616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45602,8112],{"class":63},[57,45604,68],{"class":67},[57,45606,8477],{"class":118},[57,45608,101],{"class":93},[57,45610,104],{"class":71},[57,45612,45613],{"class":75},"What is your name? ",[57,45615,104],{"class":71},[57,45617,112],{"class":93},[57,45619,45620,45622,45624,45626,45629,45631,45633,45635],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45621,119],{"class":118},[57,45623,101],{"class":93},[57,45625,104],{"class":71},[57,45627,45628],{"class":75},"Hello,",[57,45630,104],{"class":71},[57,45632,107],{"class":93},[57,45634,36231],{"class":97},[57,45636,112],{"class":93},[20,45638,45639,45640,45642],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45641,1056],{}," and prints it.",[572,45644,45646,45647],{"id":45645},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45648,3113],{},[48,45650,45652],{"className":50,"code":45651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45653,45654,45677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45655,45656,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668,45670,45673,45675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45657,21864],{"class":63},[57,45659,68],{"class":67},[57,45661,45512],{"class":1256},[57,45663,101],{"class":93},[57,45665,42703],{"class":118},[57,45667,101],{"class":93},[57,45669,104],{"class":71},[57,45671,45672],{"class":75},"How old are you? ",[57,45674,104],{"class":71},[57,45676,640],{"class":93},[57,45678,45679,45681,45683,45685,45688,45690,45692,45695,45697,45699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45680,119],{"class":118},[57,45682,101],{"class":93},[57,45684,104],{"class":71},[57,45686,45687],{"class":75},"Next year you will be",[57,45689,104],{"class":71},[57,45691,107],{"class":93},[57,45693,45694],{"class":97}," age ",[57,45696,2296],{"class":67},[57,45698,1143],{"class":1023},[57,45700,112],{"class":93},[20,45702,6294,45703,45705,45706,45708],{},[15,45704,3113],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45707,3193],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45710,45711,45712,94],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[293,45713,9216],{"href":9215},[572,45715,45717],{"id":45716},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[48,45719,45721],{"className":50,"code":45720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45722,45723,45747,45771,45785,45789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45724,45725,45728,45730,45732,45734,45736,45738,45740,45743,45745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45726,45727],{"class":63},"num1 ",[57,45729,68],{"class":67},[57,45731,45512],{"class":1256},[57,45733,101],{"class":93},[57,45735,42703],{"class":118},[57,45737,101],{"class":93},[57,45739,104],{"class":71},[57,45741,45742],{"class":75},"Enter the first number: ",[57,45744,104],{"class":71},[57,45746,640],{"class":93},[57,45748,45749,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45767,45769],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45750,45751],{"class":63},"num2 ",[57,45753,68],{"class":67},[57,45755,45512],{"class":1256},[57,45757,101],{"class":93},[57,45759,42703],{"class":118},[57,45761,101],{"class":93},[57,45763,104],{"class":71},[57,45765,45766],{"class":75},"Enter the second number: ",[57,45768,104],{"class":71},[57,45770,640],{"class":93},[57,45772,45773,45775,45777,45780,45782],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45774,41423],{"class":63},[57,45776,68],{"class":67},[57,45778,45779],{"class":63}," num1 ",[57,45781,2296],{"class":67},[57,45783,45784],{"class":63}," num2\n",[57,45786,45787],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,45788,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,45790,45791,45793,45795,45797,45800,45802,45804,45807],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,45792,119],{"class":118},[57,45794,101],{"class":93},[57,45796,104],{"class":71},[57,45798,45799],{"class":75},"Total:",[57,45801,104],{"class":71},[57,45803,107],{"class":93},[57,45805,45806],{"class":97}," total",[57,45808,112],{"class":93},[20,45810,30268],{},[48,45812,45814],{"className":50,"code":45813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45815,45816,45826,45835],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45817,45818,45821,45823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45819,45820],{"class":63},"Enter the first number",[57,45822,1016],{"class":93},[57,45824,45825],{"class":1023}," 2\n",[57,45827,45828,45831,45833],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45829,45830],{"class":63},"Enter the second number",[57,45832,1016],{"class":93},[57,45834,2813],{"class":1023},[57,45836,45837,45840,45842],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45838,45839],{"class":63},"Total",[57,45841,1016],{"class":93},[57,45843,35080],{"class":1023},[20,45845,45846],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45848,179],{},[48,45850,45852],{"className":50,"code":45851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45853,45854,45872,45890,45894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45857,45727],{"class":63},[57,45859,68],{"class":67},[57,45861,8477],{"class":118},[57,45863,101],{"class":93},[57,45865,104],{"class":71},[57,45867,45742],{"class":75},[57,45869,104],{"class":71},[57,45871,112],{"class":93},[57,45873,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886,45888],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45875,45751],{"class":63},[57,45877,68],{"class":67},[57,45879,8477],{"class":118},[57,45881,101],{"class":93},[57,45883,104],{"class":71},[57,45885,45766],{"class":75},[57,45887,104],{"class":71},[57,45889,112],{"class":93},[57,45891,45892],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45893,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,45895,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904,45907],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,45897,119],{"class":118},[57,45899,101],{"class":93},[57,45901,45727],{"class":97},[57,45903,2296],{"class":67},[57,45905,45906],{"class":97}," num2",[57,45908,112],{"class":93},[20,45910,30268],{},[48,45912,45914],{"className":50,"code":45913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45915,45916,45924,45932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45917,45918,45920,45922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45919,45820],{"class":63},[57,45921,1016],{"class":93},[57,45923,45825],{"class":1023},[57,45925,45926,45928,45930],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45927,45830],{"class":63},[57,45929,1016],{"class":93},[57,45931,2813],{"class":1023},[57,45933,45934],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,45935,45936],{"class":1023},"23\n",[20,45938,45939,45940,45943,45944,94],{},"That happens because ",[15,45941,45942],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45945,45946],{},"\"23\"",[45152,45948],{},[43,45950,45952],{"id":45951},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45954,45955,45956,94],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45957,3193],{},[572,45959,4937,45961,41783],{"id":45960},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45962,3193],{},[20,45964,39439],{},[48,45966,45968],{"className":50,"code":45967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45969,45970,45988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45971,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45973,2681],{"class":63},[57,45975,68],{"class":67},[57,45977,8477],{"class":118},[57,45979,101],{"class":93},[57,45981,104],{"class":71},[57,45983,42111],{"class":75},[57,45985,104],{"class":71},[57,45987,112],{"class":93},[57,45989,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,45991,119],{"class":118},[57,45993,101],{"class":93},[57,45995,1257],{"class":1256},[57,45997,101],{"class":93},[57,45999,2708],{"class":97},[57,46001,640],{"class":93},[20,46003,243],{},[48,46005,46007],{"className":50,"code":46006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46008,46009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46010,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019,46021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46012,1323],{"class":67},[57,46014,1327],{"class":1326},[57,46016,271],{"class":71},[57,46018,3676],{"class":75},[57,46020,261],{"class":71},[57,46022,1336],{"class":67},[20,46024,46025],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[572,46027,46029],{"id":46028},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46031,46032],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[48,46034,46036],{"className":50,"code":46035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46037,46038,46056,46075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46039,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46041,2790],{"class":63},[57,46043,68],{"class":67},[57,46045,8477],{"class":118},[57,46047,101],{"class":93},[57,46049,104],{"class":71},[57,46051,42111],{"class":75},[57,46053,104],{"class":71},[57,46055,112],{"class":93},[57,46057,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066,46068,46071,46073],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46059,2818],{"class":63},[57,46061,68],{"class":67},[57,46063,8477],{"class":118},[57,46065,101],{"class":93},[57,46067,104],{"class":71},[57,46069,46070],{"class":75},"Enter another number: ",[57,46072,104],{"class":71},[57,46074,112],{"class":93},[57,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46078,119],{"class":118},[57,46080,101],{"class":93},[57,46082,2790],{"class":97},[57,46084,2296],{"class":67},[57,46086,2795],{"class":97},[57,46088,112],{"class":93},[20,46090,41361,46091,2082,46093,46095,46096,19198,46099,94],{},[15,46092,2740],{},[15,46094,2372],{},", the result is ",[15,46097,46098],{},"45",[15,46100,2380],{},[572,46102,46104,46105,46107,46108],{"id":46103},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46106,40944],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46109,3113],{},[20,46111,179],{},[48,46113,46115],{"className":50,"code":46114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46116,46117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46118,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46120,21864],{"class":63},[57,46122,68],{"class":67},[57,46124,45512],{"class":1256},[57,46126,101],{"class":93},[57,46128,42703],{"class":118},[57,46130,101],{"class":93},[57,46132,104],{"class":71},[57,46134,45416],{"class":75},[57,46136,104],{"class":71},[57,46138,640],{"class":93},[20,46140,8506,46141,46144,46145,94],{},[15,46142,46143],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46146,40944],{},[20,46148,46149,46150,94],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[293,46151,46153],{"href":46152},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[572,46155,46157],{"id":46156},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46159,46160],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[48,46162,46164],{"className":50,"code":46163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46165,46166,46184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46167,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46169,8112],{"class":63},[57,46171,68],{"class":67},[57,46173,8477],{"class":118},[57,46175,101],{"class":93},[57,46177,104],{"class":71},[57,46179,45122],{"class":75},[57,46181,104],{"class":71},[57,46183,112],{"class":93},[57,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46187,119],{"class":118},[57,46189,101],{"class":93},[57,46191,42019],{"class":118},[57,46193,101],{"class":93},[57,46195,1056],{"class":97},[57,46197,640],{"class":93},[20,46199,46200],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46202,46203,46204,1016],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46205,46206],{},".strip()",[48,46208,46210],{"className":50,"code":46209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46211,46212,46234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46213,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46215,8112],{"class":63},[57,46217,68],{"class":67},[57,46219,8477],{"class":118},[57,46221,101],{"class":93},[57,46223,104],{"class":71},[57,46225,45122],{"class":75},[57,46227,104],{"class":71},[57,46229,8867],{"class":93},[57,46231,8870],{"class":97},[57,46233,212],{"class":93},[57,46235,46236,46238,46240,46242],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46237,119],{"class":118},[57,46239,101],{"class":93},[57,46241,1056],{"class":97},[57,46243,112],{"class":93},[45152,46245],{},[43,46247,46249],{"id":46248},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46251,46252,46253,46255],{},"These habits make ",[15,46254,3193],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,46257,46258,46261,46266,46269],{},[33,46259,46260],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,46262,136,46263,46265],{},[15,46264,46206],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,46267,46268],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,46270,136,46271,46273],{},[15,46272,30020],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46275,46276,46277,1016],{},"Example with ",[15,46278,46206],{},[48,46280,46282],{"className":50,"code":46281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46283,46284,46308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46285,46286,46289,46291,46293,46295,46297,46300,46302,46304,46306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46287,46288],{"class":63},"city ",[57,46290,68],{"class":67},[57,46292,8477],{"class":118},[57,46294,101],{"class":93},[57,46296,104],{"class":71},[57,46298,46299],{"class":75},"Enter your city: ",[57,46301,104],{"class":71},[57,46303,8867],{"class":93},[57,46305,8870],{"class":97},[57,46307,212],{"class":93},[57,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46319,46321,46323,46325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46311,119],{"class":118},[57,46313,101],{"class":93},[57,46315,104],{"class":71},[57,46317,46318],{"class":75},"City:",[57,46320,104],{"class":71},[57,46322,107],{"class":93},[57,46324,31624],{"class":97},[57,46326,112],{"class":93},[20,46328,46276,46329,1016],{},[15,46330,30020],{},[48,46332,46334],{"className":50,"code":46333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46335,46336,46342,46365,46397,46405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46337,46338,46340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46339,30042],{"class":4110},[57,46341,6628],{"class":93},[57,46343,46344,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46345,46346],{"class":63},"    age ",[57,46348,68],{"class":67},[57,46350,45512],{"class":1256},[57,46352,101],{"class":93},[57,46354,42703],{"class":118},[57,46356,101],{"class":93},[57,46358,104],{"class":71},[57,46360,45416],{"class":75},[57,46362,104],{"class":71},[57,46364,640],{"class":93},[57,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373,46376,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388,46390,46393,46395],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46368,8304],{"class":118},[57,46370,101],{"class":93},[57,46372,104],{"class":71},[57,46374,46375],{"class":75},"You will be",[57,46377,104],{"class":71},[57,46379,107],{"class":93},[57,46381,45694],{"class":97},[57,46383,2296],{"class":67},[57,46385,1143],{"class":1023},[57,46387,107],{"class":93},[57,46389,72],{"class":71},[57,46391,46392],{"class":75},"next year",[57,46394,104],{"class":71},[57,46396,112],{"class":93},[57,46398,46399,46401,46403],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,46400,30073],{"class":4110},[57,46402,42166],{"class":1256},[57,46404,6628],{"class":93},[57,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413,46416,46418],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,46408,8304],{"class":118},[57,46410,101],{"class":93},[57,46412,104],{"class":71},[57,46414,46415],{"class":75},"Please enter a whole number.",[57,46417,104],{"class":71},[57,46419,112],{"class":93},[20,46421,46422],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46424,46425,46426,94],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[293,46427,46429],{"href":46428},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45152,46431],{},[43,46433,1673],{"id":1672},[20,46435,46436,46437,1016],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46438,3193],{},[30,46440,46441,46448,46451,46454],{},[33,46442,46443,46444,3114,46446],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46445,3113],{},[15,46447,3120],{},[33,46449,46450],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,46452,46453],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,46455,46456],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46458,32322],{},[48,46460,46462],{"className":50,"code":46461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46463,46464,46474,46488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46465,46466,46468,46470,46472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46467,119],{"class":118},[57,46469,101],{"class":93},[57,46471,2708],{"class":97},[57,46473,112],{"class":93},[57,46475,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46477,119],{"class":118},[57,46479,101],{"class":93},[57,46481,1257],{"class":1256},[57,46483,101],{"class":93},[57,46485,2708],{"class":97},[57,46487,640],{"class":93},[57,46489,46490,46492,46494,46496,46498,46500],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46491,119],{"class":118},[57,46493,101],{"class":93},[57,46495,42019],{"class":118},[57,46497,101],{"class":93},[57,46499,2708],{"class":97},[57,46501,640],{"class":93},[20,46503,46504,46505,46507],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46506,3193],{}," actually returned:",[30,46509,46510,46515,46520],{},[33,46511,46512,46514],{},[15,46513,42067],{}," shows the value",[33,46516,46517,46519],{},[15,46518,42073],{}," shows the data type",[33,46521,46522,46524],{},[15,46523,42078],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46526,179],{},[48,46528,46530],{"className":50,"code":46529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46531,46532,46551,46561,46575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46533,46534,46536,46538,46540,46542,46544,46547,46549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46535,2681],{"class":63},[57,46537,68],{"class":67},[57,46539,8477],{"class":118},[57,46541,101],{"class":93},[57,46543,104],{"class":71},[57,46545,46546],{"class":75},"Enter something: ",[57,46548,104],{"class":71},[57,46550,112],{"class":93},[57,46552,46553,46555,46557,46559],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46554,119],{"class":118},[57,46556,101],{"class":93},[57,46558,2708],{"class":97},[57,46560,112],{"class":93},[57,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46564,119],{"class":118},[57,46566,101],{"class":93},[57,46568,1257],{"class":1256},[57,46570,101],{"class":93},[57,46572,2708],{"class":97},[57,46574,640],{"class":93},[57,46576,46577,46579,46581,46583,46585,46587],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,46578,119],{"class":118},[57,46580,101],{"class":93},[57,46582,42019],{"class":118},[57,46584,101],{"class":93},[57,46586,2708],{"class":97},[57,46588,640],{"class":93},[45152,46590],{},[43,46592,2075],{"id":2074},[572,46594,2099,46596,46598],{"id":46595},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46597,3193],{}," return an integer?",[20,46600,46601,46602,46604,46605,40170],{},"No. ",[15,46603,3193],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46606,3113],{},[572,46608,46610,46611,2085],{"id":46609},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46612,3193],{},[20,46614,46615,46616,46618],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46617,3193],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[572,46620,5390,46622,46625,46626,2085],{"id":46621},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46623,46624],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46627,3193],{},[20,46629,2125,46630,46632,46633,42395,46635,46637],{},[15,46631,3193],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46634,45942],{},[15,46636,45946],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[572,46639,46641],{"id":46640},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46643,136,46644,46646,46647,94],{},[15,46645,46206],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46648,46649],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45152,46651],{},[43,46653,2132],{"id":2131},[30,46655,46656,46661,46665,46671,46677,46681],{},[33,46657,46658],{},[293,46659,46660],{"href":46428},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46662,46663],{},[293,46664,9293],{"href":9215},[33,46666,46667],{},[293,46668,3809,46669,3742],{"href":3110},[15,46670,3113],{},[33,46672,46673],{},[293,46674,3809,46675,3742],{"href":3117},[15,46676,3120],{},[33,46678,46679],{},[293,46680,46153],{"href":46152},[33,46682,46683],{},[293,46684,3809,46686,3742],{"href":46685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46687,46688],{},"print()",[2161,46690,46691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":46693},[46694,46695,46697,46698,46700,46706,46714,46715,46716,46725],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":45156,"depth":82,"text":46696},"What input() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":45385,"depth":82,"text":46699},"What input() returns",{"id":45588,"depth":82,"text":45589,"children":46701},[46702,46703,46705],{"id":45592,"depth":115,"text":45593},{"id":45645,"depth":115,"text":46704},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45716,"depth":115,"text":45717},{"id":45951,"depth":82,"text":45952,"children":46707},[46708,46710,46711,46713],{"id":45960,"depth":115,"text":46709},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46028,"depth":115,"text":46029},{"id":46103,"depth":115,"text":46712},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46156,"depth":115,"text":46157},{"id":46248,"depth":82,"text":46249},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":46717},[46718,46720,46722,46724],{"id":46595,"depth":115,"text":46719},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46609,"depth":115,"text":46721},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46621,"depth":115,"text":46723},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46640,"depth":115,"text":46641},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42434,"description":46726},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46733,"title":42336,"body":46734,"description":49047,"extension":2201,"meta":49048,"navigation":217,"path":49049,"seo":49050,"stem":49051,"__hash__":49052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46735,"toc":48999},[46736,46741,46746,46751,46772,46775,46777,46837,46839,46858,46863,46868,46873,46875,46888,46890,46973,46975,47016,47022,47024,47054,47060,47063,47080,47082,47134,47136,47154,47160,47166,47169,47187,47189,47262,47264,47283,47290,47296,47301,47304,47364,47366,47385,47388,47391,47406,47412,47416,47477,47479,47500,47504,47633,47635,47765,47775,47781,47787,47795,47861,47863,47888,47891,47908,47921,47927,47930,47963,47965,47978,47981,48024,48026,48034,48041,48045,48052,48056,48083,48085,48093,48099,48116,48121,48125,48152,48154,48162,48166,48171,48174,48200,48203,48212,48220,48224,48234,48238,48241,48243,48294,48296,48326,48336,48363,48365,48373,48383,48387,48390,48392,48440,48442,48486,48492,48543,48545,48564,48569,48574,48577,48596,48599,48651,48653,48662,48664,48668,48672,48675,48684,48691,48693,48720,48724,48726,48735,48738,48745,48751,48811,48815,48817,48825,48828,48854,48860,48863,48883,48885,48894,48902,48904,48910,48915,48922,48932,48938,48946,48950,48953,48955,48996],[10,46737,3809,46739,3813],{"id":46738},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46740,3113],{},[20,46742,32557,46743,46745],{},[15,46744,3113],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46747,35644,46748,46750],{},[15,46749,3113],{}," when they want to:",[30,46752,46753,46763,46766,46769],{},[33,46754,46755,46756,46759,46760],{},"turn text like ",[15,46757,46758],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46761,46762],{},"42",[33,46764,46765],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46767,46768],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46770,46771],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46773,46774],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[43,46776,46],{"id":45},[48,46778,46780],{"className":50,"code":46779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46781,46782,46800,46814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46783,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46785,119],{"class":118},[57,46787,101],{"class":93},[57,46789,2423],{"class":1256},[57,46791,101],{"class":93},[57,46793,104],{"class":71},[57,46795,46762],{"class":75},[57,46797,104],{"class":71},[57,46799,640],{"class":93},[57,46801,46802,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46803,119],{"class":118},[57,46805,101],{"class":93},[57,46807,2423],{"class":1256},[57,46809,101],{"class":93},[57,46811,42224],{"class":1023},[57,46813,640],{"class":93},[57,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46829,46831,46833,46835],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46817,119],{"class":118},[57,46819,101],{"class":93},[57,46821,2423],{"class":1256},[57,46823,101],{"class":93},[57,46825,104],{"class":71},[57,46827,46828],{"class":75},"101",[57,46830,104],{"class":71},[57,46832,107],{"class":93},[57,46834,1024],{"class":1023},[57,46836,640],{"class":93},[20,46838,243],{},[48,46840,46842],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46843,46844,46849,46854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46845,46846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46847,46848],{"class":1023},"42\n",[57,46850,46851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46852,46853],{"class":1023},"3\n",[57,46855,46856],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46857,3182],{"class":1023},[20,46859,136,46860,46862],{},[15,46861,3113],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[43,46864,143,46866,146],{"id":46865},"what-int-does",[15,46867,3113],{},[20,46869,46870,46872],{},[15,46871,3113],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46874,13284],{},[30,46876,46877,46882,46885],{},[33,46878,46879,46880,7574],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46881,2423],{},[33,46883,46884],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46886,46887],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46889,179],{},[48,46891,46893],{"className":50,"code":46892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46894,46895,46907,46921,46925,46935,46945,46959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46896,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46898,64],{"class":63},[57,46900,68],{"class":67},[57,46902,72],{"class":71},[57,46904,9429],{"class":75},[57,46906,79],{"class":71},[57,46908,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46910,2450],{"class":63},[57,46912,68],{"class":67},[57,46914,45512],{"class":1256},[57,46916,101],{"class":93},[57,46918,227],{"class":97},[57,46920,112],{"class":93},[57,46922,46923],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46924,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,46926,46927,46929,46931,46933],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,46928,119],{"class":118},[57,46930,101],{"class":93},[57,46932,227],{"class":97},[57,46934,112],{"class":93},[57,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,46938,119],{"class":118},[57,46940,101],{"class":93},[57,46942,2473],{"class":97},[57,46944,112],{"class":93},[57,46946,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,46948,119],{"class":118},[57,46950,101],{"class":93},[57,46952,1257],{"class":1256},[57,46954,101],{"class":93},[57,46956,227],{"class":97},[57,46958,640],{"class":93},[57,46960,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,46962,119],{"class":118},[57,46964,101],{"class":93},[57,46966,1257],{"class":1256},[57,46968,101],{"class":93},[57,46970,2473],{"class":97},[57,46972,640],{"class":93},[20,46974,243],{},[48,46976,46978],{"className":50,"code":46977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46979,46980,46984,46988,47002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46981,46982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46983,2945],{"class":1023},[57,46985,46986],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,46987,2945],{"class":1023},[57,46989,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,46991,1323],{"class":67},[57,46993,1327],{"class":1326},[57,46995,271],{"class":71},[57,46997,3676],{"class":75},[57,46999,261],{"class":71},[57,47001,1336],{"class":67},[57,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,47005,1323],{"class":67},[57,47007,1327],{"class":1326},[57,47009,271],{"class":71},[57,47011,2423],{"class":75},[57,47013,261],{"class":71},[57,47015,1336],{"class":67},[20,47017,47018,47019,47021],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47020,3113],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[43,47023,300],{"id":299},[48,47025,47027],{"className":50,"code":47026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47028,47029,47039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47030,47031,47033,47035,47037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47032,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47034,101],{"class":93},[57,47036,2409],{"class":97},[57,47038,112],{"class":93},[57,47040,47041,47043,47045,47047,47049,47052],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47042,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47044,101],{"class":93},[57,47046,2409],{"class":97},[57,47048,107],{"class":93},[57,47050,47051],{"class":97}," base",[57,47053,112],{"class":93},[572,47055,47057],{"id":47056},"intx",[15,47058,47059],{},"int(x)",[20,47061,47062],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,47064,47065,47070,47075],{},[33,47066,47067,47068],{},"a string such as ",[15,47069,42366],{},[33,47071,47072,47073],{},"a float such as ",[15,47074,42224],{},[33,47076,47077,47078],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47079,3838],{},[20,47081,179],{},[48,47083,47085],{"className":50,"code":47084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47086,47087,47105,47120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47088,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47090,119],{"class":118},[57,47092,101],{"class":93},[57,47094,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47096,101],{"class":93},[57,47098,104],{"class":71},[57,47100,941],{"class":75},[57,47102,104],{"class":71},[57,47104,640],{"class":93},[57,47106,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47118],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47108,119],{"class":118},[57,47110,101],{"class":93},[57,47112,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47114,101],{"class":93},[57,47116,47117],{"class":1023},"8.7",[57,47119,640],{"class":93},[57,47121,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47123,119],{"class":118},[57,47125,101],{"class":93},[57,47127,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47129,101],{"class":93},[57,47131,3838],{"class":4085},[57,47133,640],{"class":93},[20,47135,243],{},[48,47137,47139],{"className":50,"code":47138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47140,47141,47145,47149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47142,47143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47144,2610],{"class":1023},[57,47146,47147],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47148,2615],{"class":1023},[57,47150,47151],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47152,47153],{"class":1023},"1\n",[572,47155,47157],{"id":47156},"intx-base",[15,47158,47159],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47161,47162,47163,47165],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47164,2409],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47167,47168],{},"Common bases:",[30,47170,47171,47176,47181],{},[33,47172,47173,47175],{},[15,47174,1931],{}," for binary",[33,47177,47178,47180],{},[15,47179,2579],{}," for octal",[33,47182,47183,47186],{},[15,47184,47185],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47188,179],{},[48,47190,47192],{"className":50,"code":47191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47193,47194,47216,47239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47195,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47197,119],{"class":118},[57,47199,101],{"class":93},[57,47201,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47203,101],{"class":93},[57,47205,104],{"class":71},[57,47207,46828],{"class":75},[57,47209,104],{"class":71},[57,47211,107],{"class":93},[57,47213,1024],{"class":1023},[57,47215,640],{"class":93},[57,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47231,47233,47235,47237],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47219,119],{"class":118},[57,47221,101],{"class":93},[57,47223,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47225,101],{"class":93},[57,47227,104],{"class":71},[57,47229,47230],{"class":75},"17",[57,47232,104],{"class":71},[57,47234,107],{"class":93},[57,47236,6594],{"class":1023},[57,47238,640],{"class":93},[57,47240,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251,47254,47256,47258,47260],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47242,119],{"class":118},[57,47244,101],{"class":93},[57,47246,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47248,101],{"class":93},[57,47250,104],{"class":71},[57,47252,47253],{"class":75},"1A",[57,47255,104],{"class":71},[57,47257,107],{"class":93},[57,47259,14219],{"class":1023},[57,47261,640],{"class":93},[20,47263,243],{},[48,47265,47267],{"className":50,"code":47266,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47268,47269,47273,47278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47270,47271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47272,3182],{"class":1023},[57,47274,47275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47276,47277],{"class":1023},"15\n",[57,47279,47280],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47281,47282],{"class":1023},"26\n",[20,47284,47285,47286,94],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[293,47287,47288,2537],{"href":3117},[15,47289,3120],{},[43,47291,425,47293,47295],{"id":47292},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47294,3113],{}," with strings",[20,47297,47298,47300],{},[15,47299,3113],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47302,47303],{},"Examples that work:",[48,47305,47307],{"className":50,"code":47306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47308,47309,47327,47345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47310,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47312,119],{"class":118},[57,47314,101],{"class":93},[57,47316,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47318,101],{"class":93},[57,47320,104],{"class":71},[57,47322,2372],{"class":75},[57,47324,104],{"class":71},[57,47326,640],{"class":93},[57,47328,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47330,119],{"class":118},[57,47332,101],{"class":93},[57,47334,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47336,101],{"class":93},[57,47338,104],{"class":71},[57,47340,2526],{"class":75},[57,47342,104],{"class":71},[57,47344,640],{"class":93},[57,47346,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47360,47362],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47348,119],{"class":118},[57,47350,101],{"class":93},[57,47352,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47354,101],{"class":93},[57,47356,104],{"class":71},[57,47358,47359],{"class":75},"  42  ",[57,47361,104],{"class":71},[57,47363,640],{"class":93},[20,47365,243],{},[48,47367,47369],{"className":50,"code":47368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47370,47371,47375,47381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47372,47373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47374,3182],{"class":1023},[57,47376,47377,47379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47378,1415],{"class":67},[57,47380,2458],{"class":1023},[57,47382,47383],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47384,46848],{"class":1023},[20,47386,47387],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47389,47390],{},"Examples that fail:",[48,47392,47394],{"className":50,"code":47393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47395,47396,47401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47397,47398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47399,47400],{"class":132},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[57,47402,47403],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47404,47405],{"class":132},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47407,47408,47409,47411],{},"These raise ",[15,47410,40944],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[572,47413,47415],{"id":47414},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[48,47417,47419],{"className":50,"code":47418,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47420,47421,47439,47458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47422,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47424,119],{"class":118},[57,47426,101],{"class":93},[57,47428,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47430,101],{"class":93},[57,47432,104],{"class":71},[57,47434,1277],{"class":75},[57,47436,104],{"class":71},[57,47438,640],{"class":93},[57,47440,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47454,47456],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47442,119],{"class":118},[57,47444,101],{"class":93},[57,47446,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47448,101],{"class":93},[57,47450,104],{"class":71},[57,47452,47453],{"class":75},"+7",[57,47455,104],{"class":71},[57,47457,640],{"class":93},[57,47459,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47473,47475],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47461,119],{"class":118},[57,47463,101],{"class":93},[57,47465,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47467,101],{"class":93},[57,47469,104],{"class":71},[57,47471,47472],{"class":75},"-100",[57,47474,104],{"class":71},[57,47476,640],{"class":93},[20,47478,243],{},[48,47480,47482],{"className":50,"code":47481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47483,47484,47489,47493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47485,47486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47487,47488],{"class":1023},"0\n",[57,47490,47491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47492,2316],{"class":1023},[57,47494,47495,47497],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47496,1415],{"class":67},[57,47498,47499],{"class":1023},"100\n",[572,47501,47503],{"id":47502},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[48,47505,47507],{"className":50,"code":47506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47508,47509,47547,47551,47563,47570,47585,47600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47543,47545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47512,4057],{"class":63},[57,47514,68],{"class":67},[57,47516,1380],{"class":93},[57,47518,104],{"class":71},[57,47520,40383],{"class":75},[57,47522,104],{"class":71},[57,47524,107],{"class":93},[57,47526,72],{"class":71},[57,47528,47529],{"class":75},"12abc",[57,47531,104],{"class":71},[57,47533,107],{"class":93},[57,47535,6360],{"class":71},[57,47537,107],{"class":93},[57,47539,72],{"class":71},[57,47541,47542],{"class":75},"seven",[57,47544,104],{"class":71},[57,47546,288],{"class":93},[57,47548,47549],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47550,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,47552,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47554,6191],{"class":4110},[57,47556,21820],{"class":63},[57,47558,4117],{"class":4110},[57,47560,4120],{"class":63},[57,47562,6628],{"class":93},[57,47564,47565,47568],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,47566,47567],{"class":4110},"    try",[57,47569,6628],{"class":93},[57,47571,47572,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,47573,47574],{"class":118},"        print",[57,47576,101],{"class":93},[57,47578,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47580,101],{"class":93},[57,47582,2708],{"class":97},[57,47584,640],{"class":93},[57,47586,47587,47590,47592,47595,47598],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,47588,47589],{"class":4110},"    except",[57,47591,42166],{"class":1256},[57,47593,47594],{"class":4110}," as",[57,47596,47597],{"class":63}," error",[57,47599,6628],{"class":93},[57,47601,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47617,47619,47622,47624,47627,47629,47631],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,47603,47574],{"class":118},[57,47605,101],{"class":93},[57,47607,22530],{"class":1326},[57,47609,104],{"class":75},[57,47611,9514],{"class":1023},[57,47613,2708],{"class":97},[57,47615,47616],{"class":1326},"!r",[57,47618,22539],{"class":1023},[57,47620,47621],{"class":75}," -> ",[57,47623,9514],{"class":1023},[57,47625,47626],{"class":97},"error",[57,47628,22539],{"class":1023},[57,47630,104],{"class":75},[57,47632,112],{"class":93},[20,47634,243],{},[48,47636,47638],{"className":50,"code":47637,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47639,47640,47676,47708,47733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47641,47642,47644,47646,47648,47651,47654,47656,47658,47660,47663,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47643,261],{"class":43563},[57,47645,40383],{"class":43567},[57,47647,261],{"class":43563},[57,47649,47650],{"class":37607}," ->",[57,47652,47653],{"class":63}," invalid literal ",[57,47655,6191],{"class":4110},[57,47657,45512],{"class":1256},[57,47659,7600],{"class":93},[57,47661,47662],{"class":4110}," with",[57,47664,47665],{"class":63}," base ",[57,47667,941],{"class":1023},[57,47669,1016],{"class":93},[57,47671,271],{"class":71},[57,47673,40383],{"class":75},[57,47675,29938],{"class":71},[57,47677,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47679,261],{"class":71},[57,47681,47529],{"class":75},[57,47683,261],{"class":71},[57,47685,47650],{"class":37607},[57,47687,47653],{"class":63},[57,47689,6191],{"class":4110},[57,47691,45512],{"class":1256},[57,47693,7600],{"class":93},[57,47695,47662],{"class":4110},[57,47697,47665],{"class":63},[57,47699,941],{"class":1023},[57,47701,1016],{"class":93},[57,47703,271],{"class":71},[57,47705,47529],{"class":75},[57,47707,29938],{"class":71},[57,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47711,1565],{"class":71},[57,47713,47650],{"class":37607},[57,47715,47653],{"class":63},[57,47717,6191],{"class":4110},[57,47719,45512],{"class":1256},[57,47721,7600],{"class":93},[57,47723,47662],{"class":4110},[57,47725,47665],{"class":63},[57,47727,941],{"class":1023},[57,47729,1016],{"class":93},[57,47731,47732],{"class":71}," ''\n",[57,47734,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,47736,261],{"class":71},[57,47738,47542],{"class":75},[57,47740,261],{"class":71},[57,47742,47650],{"class":37607},[57,47744,47653],{"class":63},[57,47746,6191],{"class":4110},[57,47748,45512],{"class":1256},[57,47750,7600],{"class":93},[57,47752,47662],{"class":4110},[57,47754,47665],{"class":63},[57,47756,941],{"class":1023},[57,47758,1016],{"class":93},[57,47760,271],{"class":71},[57,47762,47542],{"class":75},[57,47764,29938],{"class":71},[20,47766,47767,47768,47770,47771,94],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[293,47769,9216],{"href":9215}," and the ",[293,47772,47773,2537],{"href":8454},[15,47774,3193],{},[43,47776,425,47778,47780],{"id":47777},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47779,3113],{}," with floats",[20,47782,47783,47784,47786],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47785,3113],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47788,47789,47790,14285,47792,47794],{},"Important: ",[15,47791,3113],{},[153,47793,175],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[48,47796,47798],{"className":50,"code":47797,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47799,47800,47814,47829,47845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47801,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810,47812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47803,119],{"class":118},[57,47805,101],{"class":93},[57,47807,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47809,101],{"class":93},[57,47811,42224],{"class":1023},[57,47813,640],{"class":93},[57,47815,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47817,119],{"class":118},[57,47819,101],{"class":93},[57,47821,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47823,101],{"class":93},[57,47825,47826],{"class":1023},"3.1",[57,47828,640],{"class":93},[57,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47832,119],{"class":118},[57,47834,101],{"class":93},[57,47836,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47838,101],{"class":93},[57,47840,1415],{"class":67},[57,47842,42224],{"class":1023},[57,47844,640],{"class":93},[57,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,47848,119],{"class":118},[57,47850,101],{"class":93},[57,47852,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47854,101],{"class":93},[57,47856,1415],{"class":67},[57,47858,47826],{"class":1023},[57,47860,640],{"class":93},[20,47862,243],{},[48,47864,47866],{"className":50,"code":47865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47867,47868,47872,47876,47882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47869,47870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47871,46853],{"class":1023},[57,47873,47874],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47875,46853],{"class":1023},[57,47877,47878,47880],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,47879,1415],{"class":67},[57,47881,46853],{"class":1023},[57,47883,47884,47886],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,47885,1415],{"class":67},[57,47887,46853],{"class":1023},[20,47889,47890],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47892,47893,47900],{},[33,47894,47895,42395,47898],{},[15,47896,47897],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47899,2299],{},[33,47901,47902,42395,47905],{},[15,47903,47904],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47906,47907],{},"-3",[20,47909,47910,47911,47915,47916,94],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[293,47912,47913],{"href":3117},[15,47914,3120],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[293,47917,47918],{"href":42415},[15,47919,47920],{},"str()",[43,47922,425,47924,47926],{"id":47923},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47925,3113],{}," with booleans",[20,47928,47929],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[48,47931,47933],{"className":50,"code":47932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47934,47935,47949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47936,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47938,119],{"class":118},[57,47940,101],{"class":93},[57,47942,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47944,101],{"class":93},[57,47946,3838],{"class":4085},[57,47948,640],{"class":93},[57,47950,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47952,119],{"class":118},[57,47954,101],{"class":93},[57,47956,2423],{"class":1256},[57,47958,101],{"class":93},[57,47960,3909],{"class":4085},[57,47962,640],{"class":93},[20,47964,243],{},[48,47966,47968],{"className":50,"code":47967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n0\n",[15,47969,47970,47974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47971,47972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47973,47153],{"class":1023},[57,47975,47976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47977,47488],{"class":1023},[20,47979,47980],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[48,47982,47984],{"className":50,"code":47983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47985,47986,47995,48010,48014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47987,47988,47991,47993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47989,47990],{"class":63},"passed ",[57,47992,68],{"class":67},[57,47994,6658],{"class":4085},[57,47996,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48008],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,47998,41423],{"class":63},[57,48000,68],{"class":67},[57,48002,45512],{"class":1256},[57,48004,101],{"class":93},[57,48006,48007],{"class":97},"passed",[57,48009,112],{"class":93},[57,48011,48012],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48013,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,48015,48016,48018,48020,48022],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48017,119],{"class":118},[57,48019,101],{"class":93},[57,48021,41452],{"class":97},[57,48023,112],{"class":93},[20,48025,243],{},[48,48027,48028],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48029,48030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48031,48032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48033,47153],{"class":1023},[20,48035,48036,48037,94],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[293,48038,48039,2537],{"href":6013},[15,48040,4047],{},[43,48042,48044],{"id":48043},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48046,48047,48048,48051],{},"Use the ",[15,48049,48050],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[572,48053,48055],{"id":48054},"binary-example","Binary example",[48,48057,48059],{"className":50,"code":48058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48060,48061],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48062,48063,48065,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48064,119],{"class":118},[57,48066,101],{"class":93},[57,48068,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48070,101],{"class":93},[57,48072,104],{"class":71},[57,48074,46828],{"class":75},[57,48076,104],{"class":71},[57,48078,107],{"class":93},[57,48080,1024],{"class":1023},[57,48082,640],{"class":93},[20,48084,243],{},[48,48086,48087],{"className":50,"code":3182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48088,48089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48090,48091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48092,3182],{"class":1023},[20,48094,48095,48098],{},[15,48096,48097],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,48100,48101,48106,48111],{},[33,48102,48103],{},[15,48104,48105],{},"1 × 4",[33,48107,48108],{},[15,48109,48110],{},"0 × 2",[33,48112,48113],{},[15,48114,48115],{},"1 × 1",[20,48117,48118,48119,94],{},"So the result is ",[15,48120,2372],{},[572,48122,48124],{"id":48123},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[48,48126,48128],{"className":50,"code":48127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48129,48130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48133,119],{"class":118},[57,48135,101],{"class":93},[57,48137,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48139,101],{"class":93},[57,48141,104],{"class":71},[57,48143,47253],{"class":75},[57,48145,104],{"class":71},[57,48147,107],{"class":93},[57,48149,14219],{"class":1023},[57,48151,640],{"class":93},[20,48153,243],{},[48,48155,48156],{"className":50,"code":47282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48157,48158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48159,48160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48161,47282],{"class":1023},[572,48163,48165],{"id":48164},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48167,2218,48168,48170],{},[15,48169,48050],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48172,48173],{},"Good:",[48,48175,48176],{"className":50,"code":48058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48177,48178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48179,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48181,119],{"class":118},[57,48183,101],{"class":93},[57,48185,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48187,101],{"class":93},[57,48189,104],{"class":71},[57,48191,46828],{"class":75},[57,48193,104],{"class":71},[57,48195,107],{"class":93},[57,48197,1024],{"class":1023},[57,48199,640],{"class":93},[20,48201,48202],{},"Not correct:",[48,48204,48206],{"className":50,"code":48205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48207,48208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48209,48210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48211,48205],{"class":132},[20,48213,48214,48215,8837,48217,48219],{},"That causes a ",[15,48216,3241],{},[15,48218,48050],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[43,48221,48223],{"id":48222},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48225,48226,48227,48229,48230,2082,48232,94],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48228,3113],{}," are ",[15,48231,40944],{},[15,48233,3241],{},[572,48235,48236],{"id":41754},[15,48237,40944],{},[20,48239,48240],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48242,179],{},[48,48244,48246],{"className":50,"code":48245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48247,48248,48254,48272,48284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48249,48250,48252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48251,30042],{"class":4110},[57,48253,6628],{"class":93},[57,48255,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48257,8304],{"class":118},[57,48259,101],{"class":93},[57,48261,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48263,101],{"class":93},[57,48265,104],{"class":71},[57,48267,40383],{"class":75},[57,48269,104],{"class":71},[57,48271,640],{"class":93},[57,48273,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48275,30073],{"class":4110},[57,48277,42166],{"class":1256},[57,48279,47594],{"class":4110},[57,48281,47597],{"class":63},[57,48283,6628],{"class":93},[57,48285,48286,48288,48290,48292],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48287,8304],{"class":118},[57,48289,101],{"class":93},[57,48291,47626],{"class":97},[57,48293,112],{"class":93},[20,48295,243],{},[48,48297,48299],{"className":50,"code":48298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48300,48301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48302,48303,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48304,48305],{"class":63},"invalid literal ",[57,48307,6191],{"class":4110},[57,48309,45512],{"class":1256},[57,48311,7600],{"class":93},[57,48313,47662],{"class":4110},[57,48315,47665],{"class":63},[57,48317,941],{"class":1023},[57,48319,1016],{"class":93},[57,48321,271],{"class":71},[57,48323,40383],{"class":75},[57,48325,29938],{"class":71},[20,48327,48328,48329,48332,48333,48335],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48330,48331],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48334,3113],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[48,48337,48339],{"className":50,"code":48338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48340,48341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48342,48343,48345,48347,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48344,119],{"class":118},[57,48346,101],{"class":93},[57,48348,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48350,101],{"class":93},[57,48352,2426],{"class":1256},[57,48354,101],{"class":93},[57,48356,104],{"class":71},[57,48358,40383],{"class":75},[57,48360,104],{"class":71},[57,48362,2028],{"class":93},[20,48364,243],{},[48,48366,48367],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48368,48369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48370,48371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48372,46853],{"class":1023},[20,48374,48375,48376,2082,48379,94],{},"If you see this often, read ",[293,48377,48378],{"href":3197},"how to convert string to int in Python",[293,48380,25917,48381],{"href":46152},[15,48382,46153],{},[572,48384,48385],{"id":41820},[15,48386,3241],{},[20,48388,48389],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48391,179],{},[48,48393,48395],{"className":50,"code":48394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48396,48397,48403,48417,48430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48398,48399,48401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48400,30042],{"class":4110},[57,48402,6628],{"class":93},[57,48404,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413,48415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48406,8304],{"class":118},[57,48408,101],{"class":93},[57,48410,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48412,101],{"class":93},[57,48414,4012],{"class":4085},[57,48416,640],{"class":93},[57,48418,48419,48421,48424,48426,48428],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48420,30073],{"class":4110},[57,48422,48423],{"class":1256}," TypeError",[57,48425,47594],{"class":4110},[57,48427,47597],{"class":63},[57,48429,6628],{"class":93},[57,48431,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48433,8304],{"class":118},[57,48435,101],{"class":93},[57,48437,47626],{"class":97},[57,48439,112],{"class":93},[20,48441,243],{},[48,48443,48445],{"className":50,"code":48444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48446,48447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48448,48449,48451,48453,48456,48458,48460,48463,48465,48468,48470,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481,48484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48450,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48452,7600],{"class":93},[57,48454,48455],{"class":63}," argument must be a string",[57,48457,107],{"class":93},[57,48459,44780],{"class":63},[57,48461,48462],{"class":1256},"bytes",[57,48464,1415],{"class":67},[57,48466,48467],{"class":63},"like ",[57,48469,42639],{"class":1256},[57,48471,48472],{"class":67}," or",[57,48474,41080],{"class":63},[57,48476,107],{"class":93},[57,48478,8334],{"class":67},[57,48480,271],{"class":71},[57,48482,48483],{"class":75},"NoneType",[57,48485,29938],{"class":71},[20,48487,48488,48489,48491],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48490,48050],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[48,48493,48495],{"className":50,"code":48494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48496,48497,48503,48521,48533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48498,48499,48501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48500,30042],{"class":4110},[57,48502,6628],{"class":93},[57,48504,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48517,48519],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48506,8304],{"class":118},[57,48508,101],{"class":93},[57,48510,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48512,101],{"class":93},[57,48514,46828],{"class":1023},[57,48516,107],{"class":93},[57,48518,1024],{"class":1023},[57,48520,640],{"class":93},[57,48522,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48524,30073],{"class":4110},[57,48526,48423],{"class":1256},[57,48528,47594],{"class":4110},[57,48530,47597],{"class":63},[57,48532,6628],{"class":93},[57,48534,48535,48537,48539,48541],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48536,8304],{"class":118},[57,48538,101],{"class":93},[57,48540,47626],{"class":97},[57,48542,112],{"class":93},[20,48544,243],{},[48,48546,48548],{"className":50,"code":48547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48549,48550],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48551,48552,48554,48556,48559,48561],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48553,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48555,7600],{"class":93},[57,48557,48558],{"class":63}," can",[57,48560,261],{"class":71},[57,48562,48563],{"class":75},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[43,48565,1637,48567],{"id":48566},"when-to-use-int",[15,48568,3113],{},[20,48570,136,48571,48573],{},[15,48572,3113],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48575,48576],{},"Common uses:",[30,48578,48579,48585,48588,48591],{},[33,48580,48581,48582,48584],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48583,3193],{}," into integers",[33,48586,48587],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48589,48590],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48592,48593,48594,36856],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48595,48050],{},[20,48597,48598],{},"Example with user input:",[48,48600,48602],{"className":50,"code":48601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48603,48604,48618,48633,48637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48605,48606,48609,48611,48613,48616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48607,48608],{"class":63},"age_text ",[57,48610,68],{"class":67},[57,48612,72],{"class":71},[57,48614,48615],{"class":75},"18",[57,48617,79],{"class":71},[57,48619,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48631],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48621,21864],{"class":63},[57,48623,68],{"class":67},[57,48625,45512],{"class":1256},[57,48627,101],{"class":93},[57,48629,48630],{"class":97},"age_text",[57,48632,112],{"class":93},[57,48634,48635],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48636,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,48638,48639,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48640,119],{"class":118},[57,48642,101],{"class":93},[57,48644,21864],{"class":97},[57,48646,2296],{"class":67},[57,48648,1143],{"class":1023},[57,48650,112],{"class":93},[20,48652,243],{},[48,48654,48656],{"className":50,"code":48655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19\n",[15,48657,48658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48659,48660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48661,48655],{"class":1023},[43,48663,1673],{"id":1672},[20,48665,14965,48666,94],{},[15,48667,3113],{},[572,48669,48671],{"id":48670},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48673,48674],{},"This fails:",[48,48676,48678],{"className":50,"code":48677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48679,48680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48681,48682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48683,48677],{"class":132},[20,48685,48686,48687,48690],{},"Why: ",[15,48688,48689],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48692,19075],{},[48,48694,48696],{"className":50,"code":48695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48697,48698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48699,48700,48702,48704,48706,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716,48718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48701,119],{"class":118},[57,48703,101],{"class":93},[57,48705,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48707,101],{"class":93},[57,48709,2426],{"class":1256},[57,48711,101],{"class":93},[57,48713,104],{"class":71},[57,48715,41364],{"class":75},[57,48717,104],{"class":71},[57,48719,2028],{"class":93},[572,48721,48723],{"id":48722},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48725,48674],{},[48,48727,48729],{"className":50,"code":48728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48730,48731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48732,48733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48734,48728],{"class":132},[20,48736,48737],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[572,48739,48741,48742],{"id":48740},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48743,48744],{},"int(None)",[20,48746,48747,48748,48750],{},"This fails because ",[15,48749,4012],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[48,48752,48754],{"className":50,"code":48753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48755,48756,48765,48769,48775,48789,48801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48757,48758,48760,48762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48759,2681],{"class":63},[57,48761,68],{"class":67},[57,48763,48764],{"class":4085}," None\n",[57,48766,48767],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,48768,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,48770,48771,48773],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,48772,30042],{"class":4110},[57,48774,6628],{"class":93},[57,48776,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,48778,8304],{"class":118},[57,48780,101],{"class":93},[57,48782,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48784,101],{"class":93},[57,48786,2708],{"class":97},[57,48788,640],{"class":93},[57,48790,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,48792,30073],{"class":4110},[57,48794,48423],{"class":1256},[57,48796,47594],{"class":4110},[57,48798,47597],{"class":63},[57,48800,6628],{"class":93},[57,48802,48803,48805,48807,48809],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,48804,8304],{"class":118},[57,48806,101],{"class":93},[57,48808,47626],{"class":97},[57,48810,112],{"class":93},[572,48812,48814],{"id":48813},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48816,48674],{},[48,48818,48819],{"className":50,"code":48205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48820,48821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48822,48823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48824,48205],{"class":132},[20,48826,48827],{},"Use a string instead:",[48,48829,48830],{"className":50,"code":48058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48831,48832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48833,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846,48848,48850,48852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48835,119],{"class":118},[57,48837,101],{"class":93},[57,48839,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48841,101],{"class":93},[57,48843,104],{"class":71},[57,48845,46828],{"class":75},[57,48847,104],{"class":71},[57,48849,107],{"class":93},[57,48851,1024],{"class":1023},[57,48853,640],{"class":93},[572,48855,8688,48857,48859],{"id":48856},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48858,3113],{}," to round",[20,48861,48862],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[48,48864,48866],{"className":50,"code":48865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48867,48868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48869,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48871,119],{"class":118},[57,48873,101],{"class":93},[57,48875,2423],{"class":1256},[57,48877,101],{"class":93},[57,48879,48880],{"class":1023},"4.9",[57,48882,640],{"class":93},[20,48884,243],{},[48,48886,48888],{"className":50,"code":48887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n",[15,48889,48890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48891,48892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48893,48887],{"class":1023},[20,48895,3406,48896,48898,48899,48901],{},[15,48897,2372],{},", remember that ",[15,48900,3113],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[43,48903,2075],{"id":2074},[572,48905,2099,48907,48909],{"id":48906},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48908,3113],{}," round numbers?",[20,48911,46601,48912,48914],{},[15,48913,3113],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[572,48916,5390,48918,48921],{"id":48917},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48919,48920],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48923,2125,48924,48926,48927,48929,48930,40170],{},[15,48925,48331],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48928,3120],{}," first, then use ",[15,48931,3113],{},[572,48933,2112,48935,12947],{"id":48934},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48936,48937],{},"int(True)",[20,48939,5380,48940,28552,48942,42395,48944,94],{},[15,48941,3224],{},[15,48943,3909],{},[15,48945,1277],{},[572,48947,48949],{"id":48948},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48951,48952],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[43,48954,2132],{"id":2131},[30,48956,48957,48963,48969,48975,48980,48984,48990],{},[33,48958,48959],{},[293,48960,48961,3742],{"href":3117},[15,48962,3120],{},[33,48964,48965],{},[293,48966,48967,3742],{"href":42415},[15,48968,47920],{},[33,48970,48971],{},[293,48972,48973,3742],{"href":6013},[15,48974,4047],{},[33,48976,48977],{},[293,48978,48979],{"href":3197},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48981,48982],{},[293,48983,9293],{"href":9215},[33,48985,48986],{},[293,48987,48988,3742],{"href":8454},[15,48989,3193],{},[33,48991,48992],{},[293,48993,30586,48994],{"href":46152},[15,48995,46153],{},[2161,48997,48998],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":49000},[49001,49002,49004,49008,49013,49015,49017,49022,49026,49028,49037,49046],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":46865,"depth":82,"text":49003},"What int() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":49005},[49006,49007],{"id":47056,"depth":115,"text":47059},{"id":47156,"depth":115,"text":47159},{"id":47292,"depth":82,"text":49009,"children":49010},"Using int() with strings",[49011,49012],{"id":47414,"depth":115,"text":47415},{"id":47502,"depth":115,"text":47503},{"id":47777,"depth":82,"text":49014},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47923,"depth":82,"text":49016},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48043,"depth":82,"text":48044,"children":49018},[49019,49020,49021],{"id":48054,"depth":115,"text":48055},{"id":48123,"depth":115,"text":48124},{"id":48164,"depth":115,"text":48165},{"id":48222,"depth":82,"text":48223,"children":49023},[49024,49025],{"id":41754,"depth":115,"text":40944},{"id":41820,"depth":115,"text":3241},{"id":48566,"depth":82,"text":49027},"When to use int()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":49029},[49030,49031,49032,49034,49035],{"id":48670,"depth":115,"text":48671},{"id":48722,"depth":115,"text":48723},{"id":48740,"depth":115,"text":49033},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48813,"depth":115,"text":48814},{"id":48856,"depth":115,"text":49036},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":49038},[49039,49041,49043,49045],{"id":48906,"depth":115,"text":49040},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48917,"depth":115,"text":49042},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48934,"depth":115,"text":49044},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48948,"depth":115,"text":48949},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42336,"description":49047},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49054,"title":49055,"body":49056,"description":50890,"extension":2201,"meta":50891,"navigation":217,"path":45038,"seo":50892,"stem":50893,"__hash__":50894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49057,"toc":50846},[49058,49063,49068,49076,49085,49087,49146,49152,49157,49162,49164,49192,49195,49198,49209,49219,49221,49223,49243,49247,49275,49277,49316,49318,49326,49328,49331,49335,49388,49390,49402,49406,49463,49465,49477,49483,49489,49493,49496,49499,49565,49567,49579,49585,49587,49639,49642,49683,49686,49693,49702,49708,49711,49744,49750,49753,49784,49790,49793,49805,49809,49814,49818,49976,49978,49993,49996,50000,50104,50106,50123,50127,50188,50190,50198,50201,50205,50272,50274,50283,50289,50291,50300,50302,50337,50342,50344,50374,50378,50380,50417,50420,50422,50459,50465,50467,50517,50519,50527,50537,50543,50547,50552,50601,50603,50616,50619,50621,50624,50699,50702,50721,50724,50753,50763,50765,50770,50777,50783,50789,50796,50804,50810,50813,50815,50843],[10,49059,3809,49061,3813],{"id":49060},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49062,45041],{},[20,49064,49065,49067],{},[15,49066,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49069,49070,49071,3114,49073,49075],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49072,3838],{},[15,49074,3909],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49077,49078,49079,49081,49082,49084],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49080,45041],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49083,2536],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[43,49086,3843],{"id":3842},[48,49088,49090],{"className":50,"code":49089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49091,49092,49100,49104,49125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49093,49094,49096,49098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49095,2681],{"class":63},[57,49097,68],{"class":67},[57,49099,2823],{"class":1023},[57,49101,49102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49103,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49105,49106,49108,49110,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49107,119],{"class":118},[57,49109,101],{"class":93},[57,49111,49112],{"class":118},"isinstance",[57,49114,101],{"class":93},[57,49116,2708],{"class":97},[57,49118,107],{"class":93},[57,49120,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49122,5594],{"class":93},[57,49124,44090],{"class":132},[57,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49142,49144],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,49128,119],{"class":118},[57,49130,101],{"class":93},[57,49132,49112],{"class":118},[57,49134,101],{"class":93},[57,49136,2708],{"class":97},[57,49138,107],{"class":93},[57,49140,49141],{"class":1256}," str",[57,49143,5594],{"class":93},[57,49145,44107],{"class":132},[20,49147,136,49148,49151],{},[15,49149,49150],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[43,49153,143,49155,146],{"id":49154},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49156,45041],{},[20,49158,49159,49161],{},[15,49160,45041],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49163,158],{},[30,49165,49166,49169,49175,49178],{},[33,49167,49168],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,49170,11655,49171,3114,49173],{},[15,49172,3838],{},[15,49174,3909],{},[33,49176,49177],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,49179,49180,49181,754,49183,754,49185,754,49187,17306,49190],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49182,3676],{},[15,49184,2423],{},[15,49186,1188],{},[15,49188,49189],{},"tuple",[15,49191,9057],{},[20,49193,49194],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49196,49197],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,49199,49200,49203,49206],{},[33,49201,49202],{},"loop through a list",[33,49204,49205],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,49207,49208],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49210,49211,49212,3114,49215,94],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[293,49213,45033],{"href":49214},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[293,49216,49218],{"href":49217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[43,49220,300],{"id":299},[20,49222,2395],{},[48,49224,49226],{"className":50,"code":49225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49227,49228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49229,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49231,49112],{"class":118},[57,49233,101],{"class":93},[57,49235,42639],{"class":1256},[57,49237,107],{"class":93},[57,49239,49240],{"class":97}," classinfo",[57,49242,112],{"class":93},[572,49244,49246],{"id":49245},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,49248,49249,49254,49268],{},[33,49250,49251,49253],{},[15,49252,42639],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,49255,49256,49259,49260,754,49262,754,49264,758,49266],{},[15,49257,49258],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49261,2423],{},[15,49263,3676],{},[15,49265,1188],{},[15,49267,9057],{},[33,49269,49270,49271,3114,49273],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49272,3838],{},[15,49274,3909],{},[20,49276,179],{},[48,49278,49280],{"className":50,"code":49279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49281,49282,49294,49298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49283,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49285,8112],{"class":63},[57,49287,68],{"class":67},[57,49289,72],{"class":71},[57,49291,11741],{"class":75},[57,49293,79],{"class":71},[57,49295,49296],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49297,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49299,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49301,119],{"class":118},[57,49303,101],{"class":93},[57,49305,49112],{"class":118},[57,49307,101],{"class":93},[57,49309,1056],{"class":97},[57,49311,107],{"class":93},[57,49313,49141],{"class":1256},[57,49315,640],{"class":93},[20,49317,243],{},[48,49319,49320],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49321,49322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49323,49324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49325,4213],{"class":4085},[43,49327,11707],{"id":11706},[20,49329,49330],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[572,49332,49334],{"id":49333},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[48,49336,49338],{"className":50,"code":49337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49339,49340,49348,49352,49370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49341,49342,49344,49346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49343,2681],{"class":63},[57,49345,68],{"class":67},[57,49347,45461],{"class":1023},[57,49349,49350],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49351,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49353,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49355,119],{"class":118},[57,49357,101],{"class":93},[57,49359,49112],{"class":118},[57,49361,101],{"class":93},[57,49363,2708],{"class":97},[57,49365,107],{"class":93},[57,49367,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49369,640],{"class":93},[57,49371,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,49373,119],{"class":118},[57,49375,101],{"class":93},[57,49377,49112],{"class":118},[57,49379,101],{"class":93},[57,49381,2708],{"class":97},[57,49383,107],{"class":93},[57,49385,49141],{"class":1256},[57,49387,640],{"class":93},[20,49389,243],{},[48,49391,49392],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49393,49394,49398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49395,49396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49397,4213],{"class":4085},[57,49399,49400],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49401,4274],{"class":4085},[572,49403,49405],{"id":49404},"check-text","Check text",[48,49407,49409],{"className":50,"code":49408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49410,49411,49423,49427,49445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49412,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49414,64],{"class":63},[57,49416,68],{"class":67},[57,49418,72],{"class":71},[57,49420,1590],{"class":75},[57,49422,79],{"class":71},[57,49424,49425],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49426,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49428,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49430,119],{"class":118},[57,49432,101],{"class":93},[57,49434,49112],{"class":118},[57,49436,101],{"class":93},[57,49438,227],{"class":97},[57,49440,107],{"class":93},[57,49442,49141],{"class":1256},[57,49444,640],{"class":93},[57,49446,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,49448,119],{"class":118},[57,49450,101],{"class":93},[57,49452,49112],{"class":118},[57,49454,101],{"class":93},[57,49456,227],{"class":97},[57,49458,107],{"class":93},[57,49460,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49462,640],{"class":93},[20,49464,243],{},[48,49466,49467],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49468,49469,49473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49470,49471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49472,4213],{"class":4085},[57,49474,49475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49476,4274],{"class":4085},[20,49478,49479,49480,49482],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49481,45041],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49484,49485,49486,94],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[293,49487,49488],{"href":3197},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[43,49490,49492],{"id":49491},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49494,49495],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49497,49498],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[48,49500,49502],{"className":50,"code":49501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49503,49504,49513,49517,49541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49505,49506,49508,49510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49507,2681],{"class":63},[57,49509,68],{"class":67},[57,49511,49512],{"class":1023}," 3.5\n",[57,49514,49515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49516,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49518,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49520,119],{"class":118},[57,49522,101],{"class":93},[57,49524,49112],{"class":118},[57,49526,101],{"class":93},[57,49528,2708],{"class":97},[57,49530,107],{"class":93},[57,49532,9472],{"class":93},[57,49534,2423],{"class":1256},[57,49536,107],{"class":93},[57,49538,40495],{"class":1256},[57,49540,2028],{"class":93},[57,49542,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,49544,119],{"class":118},[57,49546,101],{"class":93},[57,49548,49112],{"class":118},[57,49550,101],{"class":93},[57,49552,2708],{"class":97},[57,49554,107],{"class":93},[57,49556,9472],{"class":93},[57,49558,3676],{"class":1256},[57,49560,107],{"class":93},[57,49562,22796],{"class":1256},[57,49564,2028],{"class":93},[20,49566,243],{},[48,49568,49569],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49570,49571,49575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49572,49573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49574,4213],{"class":4085},[57,49576,49577],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49578,4274],{"class":4085},[20,49580,49581,49582,49584],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49583,41077],{}," conditions.",[20,49586,8533],{},[48,49588,49590],{"className":50,"code":49589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49591,49592,49600,49604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49593,49594,49596,49598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49595,2681],{"class":63},[57,49597,68],{"class":67},[57,49599,49512],{"class":1023},[57,49601,49602],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49603,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49605,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49607,119],{"class":118},[57,49609,101],{"class":93},[57,49611,1257],{"class":1256},[57,49613,101],{"class":93},[57,49615,2708],{"class":97},[57,49617,3896],{"class":93},[57,49619,6643],{"class":67},[57,49621,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49623,48472],{"class":4110},[57,49625,49626],{"class":1256}," type",[57,49628,101],{"class":93},[57,49630,2708],{"class":97},[57,49632,3896],{"class":93},[57,49634,6643],{"class":67},[57,49636,40495],{"class":1256},[57,49638,112],{"class":93},[20,49640,49641],{},"you can write this:",[48,49643,49645],{"className":50,"code":49644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49646,49647,49655,49659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49648,49649,49651,49653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49650,2681],{"class":63},[57,49652,68],{"class":67},[57,49654,49512],{"class":1023},[57,49656,49657],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49658,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49660,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49662,119],{"class":118},[57,49664,101],{"class":93},[57,49666,49112],{"class":118},[57,49668,101],{"class":93},[57,49670,2708],{"class":97},[57,49672,107],{"class":93},[57,49674,9472],{"class":93},[57,49676,2423],{"class":1256},[57,49678,107],{"class":93},[57,49680,40495],{"class":1256},[57,49682,2028],{"class":93},[20,49684,49685],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[43,49687,49689,577,49691],{"id":49688},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49690,45041],{},[15,49692,2536],{},[20,49694,10824,49695,2082,49697,49701],{},[15,49696,45041],{},[293,49698,49699],{"href":2533},[15,49700,2536],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[572,49703,49705],{"id":49704},"typevalue-int",[15,49706,49707],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49709,49710],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[48,49712,49714],{"className":50,"code":49713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49715,49716,49724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49717,49718,49720,49722],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49719,2681],{"class":63},[57,49721,68],{"class":67},[57,49723,2823],{"class":1023},[57,49725,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740,49742],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49727,119],{"class":118},[57,49729,101],{"class":93},[57,49731,1257],{"class":1256},[57,49733,101],{"class":93},[57,49735,2708],{"class":97},[57,49737,3896],{"class":93},[57,49739,6643],{"class":67},[57,49741,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49743,112],{"class":93},[572,49745,49747],{"id":49746},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49748,49749],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49751,49752],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[48,49754,49756],{"className":50,"code":49755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49757,49758,49766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49759,49760,49762,49764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49761,2681],{"class":63},[57,49763,68],{"class":67},[57,49765,2823],{"class":1023},[57,49767,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49769,119],{"class":118},[57,49771,101],{"class":93},[57,49773,49112],{"class":118},[57,49775,101],{"class":93},[57,49777,2708],{"class":97},[57,49779,107],{"class":93},[57,49781,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49783,640],{"class":93},[20,49785,49786,49787,49789],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49788,45041],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49791,49792],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49794,49795,49800],{},[33,49796,40230,49797,49799],{},[15,49798,2536],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49801,40230,49802,49804],{},[15,49803,45041],{}," when you want a practical type check",[43,49806,49808],{"id":49807},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49810,49811,49812,94],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49813,45041],{},[572,49815,49817],{"id":49816},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[48,49819,49821],{"className":50,"code":49820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49822,49823,49841,49860,49872,49877,49895,49906,49910,49922,49926,49950],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49824,49825,49827,49830,49832,49834,49836,49839],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49826,35089],{"class":1326},[57,49828,49829],{"class":35092}," repeat_text",[57,49831,101],{"class":93},[57,49833,227],{"class":37903},[57,49835,107],{"class":93},[57,49837,49838],{"class":37903}," count",[57,49840,8577],{"class":93},[57,49842,49843,49845,49847,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49844,6633],{"class":4110},[57,49846,8334],{"class":67},[57,49848,49849],{"class":118}," isinstance",[57,49851,101],{"class":93},[57,49853,227],{"class":97},[57,49855,107],{"class":93},[57,49857,49141],{"class":1256},[57,49859,8577],{"class":93},[57,49861,49862,49865,49867,49870],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,49863,49864],{"class":4110},"        return",[57,49866,72],{"class":71},[57,49868,49869],{"class":75},"text must be a string",[57,49871,79],{"class":71},[57,49873,49874],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,49875,49876],{"class":63},"    \n",[57,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,49880,6633],{"class":4110},[57,49882,8334],{"class":67},[57,49884,49849],{"class":118},[57,49886,101],{"class":93},[57,49888,41500],{"class":97},[57,49890,107],{"class":93},[57,49892,45512],{"class":1256},[57,49894,8577],{"class":93},[57,49896,49897,49899,49901,49904],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,49898,49864],{"class":4110},[57,49900,72],{"class":71},[57,49902,49903],{"class":75},"count must be an integer",[57,49905,79],{"class":71},[57,49907,49908],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,49909,49876],{"class":63},[57,49911,49912,49914,49917,49919],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,49913,35100],{"class":4110},[57,49915,49916],{"class":63}," text ",[57,49918,40113],{"class":67},[57,49920,49921],{"class":63}," count\n",[57,49923,49924],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,49925,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,49927,49928,49930,49932,49935,49937,49939,49942,49944,49946,49948],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,49929,119],{"class":118},[57,49931,101],{"class":93},[57,49933,49934],{"class":97},"repeat_text",[57,49936,101],{"class":93},[57,49938,104],{"class":71},[57,49940,49941],{"class":75},"Hi ",[57,49943,104],{"class":71},[57,49945,107],{"class":93},[57,49947,2686],{"class":1023},[57,49949,640],{"class":93},[57,49951,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974],{"class":59,"line":11827},[57,49953,119],{"class":118},[57,49955,101],{"class":93},[57,49957,49934],{"class":97},[57,49959,101],{"class":93},[57,49961,104],{"class":71},[57,49963,49941],{"class":75},[57,49965,104],{"class":71},[57,49967,107],{"class":93},[57,49969,72],{"class":71},[57,49971,2299],{"class":75},[57,49973,104],{"class":71},[57,49975,640],{"class":93},[20,49977,243],{},[48,49979,49981],{"className":50,"code":49980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49982,49983,49988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49984,49985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49986,49987],{"class":63},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[57,49989,49990],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,49991,49992],{"class":63},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49994,49995],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[572,49997,49999],{"id":49998},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[48,50001,50003],{"className":50,"code":50002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50004,50005,50037,50041,50057,50072,50089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50006,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50008,2681],{"class":63},[57,50010,68],{"class":67},[57,50012,1380],{"class":93},[57,50014,104],{"class":71},[57,50016,293],{"class":75},[57,50018,104],{"class":71},[57,50020,107],{"class":93},[57,50022,72],{"class":71},[57,50024,664],{"class":75},[57,50026,104],{"class":71},[57,50028,107],{"class":93},[57,50030,72],{"class":71},[57,50032,673],{"class":75},[57,50034,104],{"class":71},[57,50036,288],{"class":93},[57,50038,50039],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50040,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50042,50043,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50044,7233],{"class":4110},[57,50046,49849],{"class":118},[57,50048,101],{"class":93},[57,50050,2708],{"class":97},[57,50052,107],{"class":93},[57,50054,49141],{"class":1256},[57,50056,8577],{"class":93},[57,50058,50059,50061,50063,50065,50068,50070],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50060,8304],{"class":118},[57,50062,101],{"class":93},[57,50064,104],{"class":71},[57,50066,50067],{"class":75},"This is text",[57,50069,104],{"class":71},[57,50071,112],{"class":93},[57,50073,50074,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,50075,50076],{"class":4110},"elif",[57,50078,49849],{"class":118},[57,50080,101],{"class":93},[57,50082,2708],{"class":97},[57,50084,107],{"class":93},[57,50086,22796],{"class":1256},[57,50088,8577],{"class":93},[57,50090,50091,50093,50095,50097,50100,50102],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,50092,8304],{"class":118},[57,50094,101],{"class":93},[57,50096,104],{"class":71},[57,50098,50099],{"class":75},"This is a list",[57,50101,104],{"class":71},[57,50103,112],{"class":93},[20,50105,243],{},[48,50107,50109],{"className":50,"code":50108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a list\n",[15,50110,50111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50112,50113,50116,50118,50120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50114,50115],{"class":63},"This ",[57,50117,537],{"class":67},[57,50119,44780],{"class":63},[57,50121,50122],{"class":1256},"list\n",[572,50124,50126],{"id":50125},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[48,50128,50130],{"className":50,"code":50129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50131,50132,50144,50148,50164,50178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50135,2681],{"class":63},[57,50137,68],{"class":67},[57,50139,72],{"class":71},[57,50141,46762],{"class":75},[57,50143,79],{"class":71},[57,50145,50146],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50147,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50149,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50151,7233],{"class":4110},[57,50153,49849],{"class":118},[57,50155,101],{"class":93},[57,50157,2708],{"class":97},[57,50159,107],{"class":93},[57,50161,49141],{"class":1256},[57,50163,8577],{"class":93},[57,50165,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50167,42130],{"class":63},[57,50169,68],{"class":67},[57,50171,45512],{"class":1256},[57,50173,101],{"class":93},[57,50175,2708],{"class":97},[57,50177,112],{"class":93},[57,50179,50180,50182,50184,50186],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,50181,8304],{"class":118},[57,50183,101],{"class":93},[57,50185,2473],{"class":97},[57,50187,112],{"class":93},[20,50189,243],{},[48,50191,50192],{"className":50,"code":46848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50193,50194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50195,50196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50197,46848],{"class":1023},[20,50199,50200],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[572,50202,50204],{"id":50203},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[48,50206,50208],{"className":50,"code":50207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50209,50210,50234,50238,50254],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50211,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50213,2681],{"class":63},[57,50215,68],{"class":67},[57,50217,10725],{"class":93},[57,50219,104],{"class":71},[57,50221,1056],{"class":75},[57,50223,104],{"class":71},[57,50225,1016],{"class":93},[57,50227,72],{"class":71},[57,50229,13112],{"class":75},[57,50231,104],{"class":71},[57,50233,9544],{"class":93},[57,50235,50236],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50237,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50241,7233],{"class":4110},[57,50243,49849],{"class":118},[57,50245,101],{"class":93},[57,50247,2708],{"class":97},[57,50249,107],{"class":93},[57,50251,9406],{"class":1256},[57,50253,8577],{"class":93},[57,50255,50256,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50257,8304],{"class":118},[57,50259,101],{"class":93},[57,50261,2708],{"class":97},[57,50263,258],{"class":93},[57,50265,104],{"class":71},[57,50267,1056],{"class":75},[57,50269,104],{"class":71},[57,50271,1280],{"class":93},[20,50273,243],{},[48,50275,50277],{"className":50,"code":50276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n",[15,50278,50279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50280,50281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50282,50276],{"class":63},[20,50284,50285,50286,50288],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50287,3241],{}," messages later.",[43,50290,4751],{"id":4750},[572,50292,50294,50295,11325,50298],{"id":50293},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50296,50297],{},"\"int\"",[15,50299,2423],{},[20,50301,16877],{},[48,50303,50305],{"className":50,"code":50304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50306,50307,50315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50308,50309,50311,50313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50310,2681],{"class":63},[57,50312,68],{"class":67},[57,50314,2823],{"class":1023},[57,50316,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333,50335],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50318,119],{"class":118},[57,50320,101],{"class":93},[57,50322,49112],{"class":118},[57,50324,101],{"class":93},[57,50326,2708],{"class":97},[57,50328,107],{"class":93},[57,50330,72],{"class":71},[57,50332,2423],{"class":75},[57,50334,104],{"class":71},[57,50336,640],{"class":93},[20,50338,50339,50341],{},[15,50340,50297],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50343,16889],{},[48,50345,50346],{"className":50,"code":49755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50347,50348,50356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50349,50350,50352,50354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50351,2681],{"class":63},[57,50353,68],{"class":67},[57,50355,2823],{"class":1023},[57,50357,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50359,119],{"class":118},[57,50361,101],{"class":93},[57,50363,49112],{"class":118},[57,50365,101],{"class":93},[57,50367,2708],{"class":97},[57,50369,107],{"class":93},[57,50371,45512],{"class":1256},[57,50373,640],{"class":93},[572,50375,50377],{"id":50376},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50379,16877],{},[48,50381,50383],{"className":50,"code":50382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50384,50385,50393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50386,50387,50389,50391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50388,2681],{"class":63},[57,50390,68],{"class":67},[57,50392,35080],{"class":1023},[57,50394,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50396,119],{"class":118},[57,50398,101],{"class":93},[57,50400,49112],{"class":118},[57,50402,101],{"class":93},[57,50404,2708],{"class":97},[57,50406,107],{"class":93},[57,50408,1380],{"class":93},[57,50410,2423],{"class":1256},[57,50412,107],{"class":93},[57,50414,40495],{"class":1256},[57,50416,3235],{"class":93},[20,50418,50419],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50421,16889],{},[48,50423,50425],{"className":50,"code":50424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50426,50427,50435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50428,50429,50431,50433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50430,2681],{"class":63},[57,50432,68],{"class":67},[57,50434,35080],{"class":1023},[57,50436,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50438,119],{"class":118},[57,50440,101],{"class":93},[57,50442,49112],{"class":118},[57,50444,101],{"class":93},[57,50446,2708],{"class":97},[57,50448,107],{"class":93},[57,50450,9472],{"class":93},[57,50452,2423],{"class":1256},[57,50454,107],{"class":93},[57,50456,40495],{"class":1256},[57,50458,2028],{"class":93},[572,50460,26012,50462,50464],{"id":50461},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50463,45041],{}," converts a value",[20,50466,19148],{},[48,50468,50470],{"className":50,"code":50469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50471,50472,50485,50503,50507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50473,50474,50476,50478,50480,50483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50475,2681],{"class":63},[57,50477,68],{"class":67},[57,50479,72],{"class":71},[57,50481,50482],{"class":75},"123",[57,50484,79],{"class":71},[57,50486,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50488,2463],{"class":63},[57,50490,68],{"class":67},[57,50492,49849],{"class":118},[57,50494,101],{"class":93},[57,50496,2708],{"class":97},[57,50498,107],{"class":93},[57,50500,45512],{"class":1256},[57,50502,112],{"class":93},[57,50504,50505],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50506,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50508,50509,50511,50513,50515],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50510,119],{"class":118},[57,50512,101],{"class":93},[57,50514,2498],{"class":97},[57,50516,112],{"class":93},[20,50518,243],{},[48,50520,50521],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50522,50523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50524,50525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50526,4274],{"class":4085},[20,50528,50529,50530,50533,50534,50536],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50531,50532],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50535,50482],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50538,50539,50540,6866],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50541,50542],{},"int(value)",[572,50544,50546],{"id":50545},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50548,50549,50551],{},[15,50550,45041],{}," does not modify anything.",[48,50553,50555],{"className":50,"code":50554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50556,50557,50569,50573,50591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50560,2681],{"class":63},[57,50562,68],{"class":67},[57,50564,72],{"class":71},[57,50566,13789],{"class":75},[57,50568,79],{"class":71},[57,50570,50571],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50572,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50574,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50576,119],{"class":118},[57,50578,101],{"class":93},[57,50580,49112],{"class":118},[57,50582,101],{"class":93},[57,50584,2708],{"class":97},[57,50586,107],{"class":93},[57,50588,49141],{"class":1256},[57,50590,640],{"class":93},[57,50592,50593,50595,50597,50599],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50594,119],{"class":118},[57,50596,101],{"class":93},[57,50598,2708],{"class":97},[57,50600,112],{"class":93},[20,50602,243],{},[48,50604,50606],{"className":50,"code":50605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n100\n",[15,50607,50608,50612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50609,50610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50611,4213],{"class":4085},[57,50613,50614],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50615,47499],{"class":1023},[20,50617,50618],{},"The value stays the same.",[43,50620,26180],{"id":26179},[20,50622,50623],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[48,50625,50627],{"className":50,"code":50626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50628,50629,50643,50661,50685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50630,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50632,119],{"class":118},[57,50634,101],{"class":93},[57,50636,1257],{"class":1256},[57,50638,101],{"class":93},[57,50640,2708],{"class":97},[57,50642,640],{"class":93},[57,50644,50645,50647,50649,50651,50653,50655,50657,50659],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50646,119],{"class":118},[57,50648,101],{"class":93},[57,50650,49112],{"class":118},[57,50652,101],{"class":93},[57,50654,2708],{"class":97},[57,50656,107],{"class":93},[57,50658,45512],{"class":1256},[57,50660,640],{"class":93},[57,50662,50663,50665,50667,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50664,119],{"class":118},[57,50666,101],{"class":93},[57,50668,49112],{"class":118},[57,50670,101],{"class":93},[57,50672,2708],{"class":97},[57,50674,107],{"class":93},[57,50676,9472],{"class":93},[57,50678,2423],{"class":1256},[57,50680,107],{"class":93},[57,50682,40495],{"class":1256},[57,50684,2028],{"class":93},[57,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50688,119],{"class":118},[57,50690,101],{"class":93},[57,50692,42019],{"class":118},[57,50694,101],{"class":93},[57,50696,2708],{"class":97},[57,50698,640],{"class":93},[20,50700,50701],{},"These can help when:",[30,50703,50704,50707,50712,50715],{},[33,50705,50706],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50708,50709,50710],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50711,3241],{},[33,50713,50714],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50716,50717,50718,50720],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50719,45041],{}," is invalid",[20,50722,50723],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50725,50726,50740,50745,50750],{},[33,50727,50728,50729,3114,50732,50735,50736,3114,50738],{},"using ",[15,50730,50731],{},"'int'",[15,50733,50734],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50737,2423],{},[15,50739,3676],{},[33,50741,1681,50742,50744],{},[15,50743,45041],{}," to convert a value",[33,50746,50728,50747,50749],{},[15,50748,2536],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50751,50752],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50754,50755,50756,94],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[293,50757,50759,50760],{"href":50758},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50761,50762],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[43,50764,2075],{"id":2074},[572,50766,2112,50768,5377],{"id":50767},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50769,45041],{},[20,50771,5380,50772,50774,50775,94],{},[15,50773,3838],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50776,3909],{},[572,50778,5402,50780,50782],{"id":50779},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50781,45041],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50784,50785,50786,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50787,50788],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[572,50790,2079,50792,2082,50794,2085],{"id":50791},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50793,45041],{},[15,50795,2536],{},[20,50797,50798,50800,50801,50803],{},[15,50799,2536],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50802,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[572,50805,2099,50807,50809],{"id":50806},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50808,45041],{}," convert a value?",[20,50811,50812],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[43,50814,2132],{"id":2131},[30,50816,50817,50823,50827,50832,50837],{},[33,50818,50819],{},[293,50820,3809,50821,3742],{"href":2533},[15,50822,2536],{},[33,50824,50825],{},[293,50826,45033],{"href":49214},[33,50828,50829],{},[293,50830,50831],{"href":3197},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50833,50834],{},[293,50835,50836],{"href":49217},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50838,50839],{},[293,50840,50759,50841],{"href":50758},[15,50842,50762],{},[2161,50844,50845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":50847},[50848,50849,50851,50854,50858,50859,50864,50870,50878,50879,50889],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":49154,"depth":82,"text":50850},"What isinstance() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":50852},[50853],{"id":49245,"depth":115,"text":49246},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707,"children":50855},[50856,50857],{"id":49333,"depth":115,"text":49334},{"id":49404,"depth":115,"text":49405},{"id":49491,"depth":82,"text":49492},{"id":49688,"depth":82,"text":50860,"children":50861},"isinstance() vs type()",[50862,50863],{"id":49704,"depth":115,"text":49707},{"id":49746,"depth":115,"text":49749},{"id":49807,"depth":82,"text":49808,"children":50865},[50866,50867,50868,50869],{"id":49816,"depth":115,"text":49817},{"id":49998,"depth":115,"text":49999},{"id":50125,"depth":115,"text":50126},{"id":50203,"depth":115,"text":50204},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":50871},[50872,50874,50875,50877],{"id":50293,"depth":115,"text":50873},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50376,"depth":115,"text":50377},{"id":50461,"depth":115,"text":50876},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50545,"depth":115,"text":50546},{"id":26179,"depth":82,"text":26180},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":50880},[50881,50883,50885,50887],{"id":50767,"depth":115,"text":50882},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50779,"depth":115,"text":50884},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50791,"depth":115,"text":50886},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50806,"depth":115,"text":50888},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49055,"description":50890},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50896,"title":50897,"body":50898,"description":52869,"extension":2201,"meta":52870,"navigation":217,"path":52871,"seo":52872,"stem":52873,"__hash__":52874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50899,"toc":52844},[50900,50903,50908,50913,50927,50930,50932,51007,51012,51016,51021,51024,51038,51040,51206,51218,51220,51222,51237,51240,51243,51256,51258,51356,51360,51366,51369,51378,51380,51415,51420,51441,51446,51451,51483,51486,51543,51547,51553,51556,51609,51611,51651,51654,51722,51725,51776,51783,51787,51793,51878,51884,51890,51939,51942,51945,51995,51997,52002,52006,52056,52060,52107,52111,52188,52192,52257,52260,52264,52269,52274,52286,52288,52307,52313,52315,52334,52339,52366,52373,52377,52383,52386,52481,52484,52487,52536,52541,52543,52547,52582,52585,52642,52652,52655,52689,52692,52694,52698,52701,52705,52708,52712,52715,52719,52732,52736,52741,52743,52793,52805,52807,52841],[10,50901,50897],{"id":50902},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50904,9358,50905,50907],{},[15,50906,42601],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50909,35644,50910,50912],{},[15,50911,42601],{}," to count:",[30,50914,50915,50918,50921,50924],{},[33,50916,50917],{},"characters in a string",[33,50919,50920],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50922,50923],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50925,50926],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50928,50929],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[43,50931,46],{"id":45},[48,50933,50935],{"className":50,"code":50934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50936,50937,50949,50969,50973,50990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50938,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50940,64],{"class":63},[57,50942,68],{"class":67},[57,50944,72],{"class":71},[57,50946,1590],{"class":75},[57,50948,79],{"class":71},[57,50950,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,50952,8014],{"class":63},[57,50954,68],{"class":67},[57,50956,1380],{"class":93},[57,50958,941],{"class":1023},[57,50960,107],{"class":93},[57,50962,8025],{"class":1023},[57,50964,107],{"class":93},[57,50966,8030],{"class":1023},[57,50968,288],{"class":93},[57,50970,50971],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,50972,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,50974,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,50976,119],{"class":118},[57,50978,101],{"class":93},[57,50980,2009],{"class":118},[57,50982,101],{"class":93},[57,50984,227],{"class":97},[57,50986,5594],{"class":93},[57,50988,50989],{"class":132},"   # 5\n",[57,50991,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,50993,119],{"class":118},[57,50995,101],{"class":93},[57,50997,2009],{"class":118},[57,50999,101],{"class":93},[57,51001,8045],{"class":97},[57,51003,5594],{"class":93},[57,51005,51006],{"class":132},"  # 3\n",[20,51008,136,51009,51011],{},[15,51010,42601],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[43,51013,51015],{"id":51014},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51017,51018,51020],{},[15,51019,42601],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51022,51023],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,51025,51026,51029,51032,51035],{},[33,51027,51028],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,51030,51031],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,51033,51034],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,51036,51037],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51039,179],{},[48,51041,51043],{"className":50,"code":51042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51044,51045,51057,51082,51114,51134,51138,51155,51172,51189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51048,8112],{"class":63},[57,51050,68],{"class":67},[57,51052,72],{"class":71},[57,51054,7911],{"class":75},[57,51056,79],{"class":71},[57,51058,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51060,3853],{"class":63},[57,51062,68],{"class":67},[57,51064,1380],{"class":93},[57,51066,941],{"class":1023},[57,51068,107],{"class":93},[57,51070,8025],{"class":1023},[57,51072,107],{"class":93},[57,51074,8030],{"class":1023},[57,51076,107],{"class":93},[57,51078,51079],{"class":1023}," 40",[57,51081,288],{"class":93},[57,51083,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51085,9401],{"class":63},[57,51087,68],{"class":67},[57,51089,10725],{"class":93},[57,51091,104],{"class":71},[57,51093,293],{"class":75},[57,51095,104],{"class":71},[57,51097,1016],{"class":93},[57,51099,1143],{"class":1023},[57,51101,107],{"class":93},[57,51103,72],{"class":71},[57,51105,664],{"class":75},[57,51107,104],{"class":71},[57,51109,1016],{"class":93},[57,51111,1024],{"class":1023},[57,51113,9544],{"class":93},[57,51115,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51117,4057],{"class":63},[57,51119,68],{"class":67},[57,51121,10725],{"class":93},[57,51123,2372],{"class":1023},[57,51125,107],{"class":93},[57,51127,37884],{"class":1023},[57,51129,107],{"class":93},[57,51131,6227],{"class":1023},[57,51133,9544],{"class":93},[57,51135,51136],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,51137,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,51139,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,51141,119],{"class":118},[57,51143,101],{"class":93},[57,51145,2009],{"class":118},[57,51147,101],{"class":93},[57,51149,1056],{"class":97},[57,51151,5594],{"class":93},[57,51153,51154],{"class":132},"     # 3\n",[57,51156,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,51158,119],{"class":118},[57,51160,101],{"class":93},[57,51162,2009],{"class":118},[57,51164,101],{"class":93},[57,51166,3883],{"class":97},[57,51168,5594],{"class":93},[57,51170,51171],{"class":132},"  # 4\n",[57,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,51175,119],{"class":118},[57,51177,101],{"class":93},[57,51179,2009],{"class":118},[57,51181,101],{"class":93},[57,51183,9440],{"class":97},[57,51185,5594],{"class":93},[57,51187,51188],{"class":132},"     # 2\n",[57,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,51192,119],{"class":118},[57,51194,101],{"class":93},[57,51196,2009],{"class":118},[57,51198,101],{"class":93},[57,51200,5591],{"class":97},[57,51202,5594],{"class":93},[57,51204,51205],{"class":132},"   # 3\n",[20,51207,51208,51209,754,51212,17306,51216,94],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[293,51210,51211],{"href":295},"Python strings explained",[293,51213,51215],{"href":51214},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[293,51217,9391],{"href":9390},[43,51219,300],{"id":299},[20,51221,2395],{},[48,51223,51225],{"className":50,"code":51224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(object)\n",[15,51226,51227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51228,51229,51231,51233,51235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51230,2009],{"class":118},[57,51232,101],{"class":93},[57,51234,42639],{"class":1256},[57,51236,112],{"class":93},[20,51238,51239],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51241,51242],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,51244,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253],{},[33,51246,38148],{},[33,51248,38142],{},[33,51250,38145],{},[33,51252,38151],{},[33,51254,51255],{},"a dictionary",[20,51257,179],{},[48,51259,51261],{"className":50,"code":51260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51262,51263,51284,51308,51330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51264,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51266,119],{"class":118},[57,51268,101],{"class":93},[57,51270,2009],{"class":118},[57,51272,101],{"class":93},[57,51274,104],{"class":71},[57,51276,52],{"class":75},[57,51278,104],{"class":71},[57,51280,5594],{"class":93},[57,51282,51283],{"class":132},"      # 6\n",[57,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51287,119],{"class":118},[57,51289,101],{"class":93},[57,51291,2009],{"class":118},[57,51293,3221],{"class":93},[57,51295,3224],{"class":1023},[57,51297,107],{"class":93},[57,51299,1024],{"class":1023},[57,51301,107],{"class":93},[57,51303,2686],{"class":1023},[57,51305,4968],{"class":93},[57,51307,51154],{"class":132},[57,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51327],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51311,119],{"class":118},[57,51313,101],{"class":93},[57,51315,2009],{"class":118},[57,51317,5743],{"class":93},[57,51319,941],{"class":1023},[57,51321,107],{"class":93},[57,51323,8025],{"class":1023},[57,51325,51326],{"class":93},")))",[57,51328,51329],{"class":132},"      # 2\n",[57,51331,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51333,119],{"class":118},[57,51335,101],{"class":93},[57,51337,2009],{"class":118},[57,51339,5762],{"class":93},[57,51341,104],{"class":71},[57,51343,2409],{"class":75},[57,51345,104],{"class":71},[57,51347,1016],{"class":93},[57,51349,1143],{"class":1023},[57,51351,51352],{"class":93},"}))",[57,51354,51355],{"class":132},"      # 1\n",[43,51357,51359],{"id":51358},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51361,51362,51363,51365],{},"When you use ",[15,51364,42601],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51367,51368],{},"That includes:",[30,51370,51371,51373,51375],{},[33,51372,36383],{},[33,51374,442],{},[33,51376,51377],{},"punctuation",[20,51379,179],{},[48,51381,51383],{"className":50,"code":51382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51384,51385,51398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51386,51387,51389,51391,51393,51396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51388,64],{"class":63},[57,51390,68],{"class":67},[57,51392,72],{"class":71},[57,51394,51395],{"class":75},"Hi there!",[57,51397,79],{"class":71},[57,51399,51400,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410,51412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51401,119],{"class":118},[57,51403,101],{"class":93},[57,51405,2009],{"class":118},[57,51407,101],{"class":93},[57,51409,227],{"class":97},[57,51411,5594],{"class":93},[57,51413,51414],{"class":132},"  # 9\n",[20,51416,51417,51418,2085],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51419,2380],{},[30,51421,51422,51428,51432,51435],{},[33,51423,51424,51427],{},[15,51425,51426],{},"H"," = 1",[33,51429,51430,51427],{},[15,51431,36394],{},[33,51433,51434],{},"space = 1",[33,51436,51437,51440],{},[15,51438,51439],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51442,51443,51444],{},"Total: ",[15,51445,2380],{},[20,51447,51448,51449,1016],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51450,1277],{},[48,51452,51454],{"className":50,"code":51453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51455,51456,51465],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51457,51458,51461,51463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51459,51460],{"class":63},"empty_text ",[57,51462,68],{"class":67},[57,51464,1487],{"class":71},[57,51466,51467,51469,51471,51473,51475,51478,51480],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51468,119],{"class":118},[57,51470,101],{"class":93},[57,51472,2009],{"class":118},[57,51474,101],{"class":93},[57,51476,51477],{"class":97},"empty_text",[57,51479,5594],{"class":93},[57,51481,51482],{"class":132},"  # 0\n",[20,51484,51485],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[48,51487,51489],{"className":50,"code":51488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51490,51491,51504,51508,51528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51492,51493,51496,51498,51500,51502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51494,51495],{"class":63},"user_name ",[57,51497,68],{"class":67},[57,51499,72],{"class":71},[57,51501,5236],{"class":75},[57,51503,79],{"class":71},[57,51505,51506],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51507,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,51509,51510,51512,51514,51516,51519,51521,51524,51526],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51511,7233],{"class":4110},[57,51513,38626],{"class":118},[57,51515,101],{"class":93},[57,51517,51518],{"class":97},"user_name",[57,51520,3896],{"class":93},[57,51522,51523],{"class":67}," >=",[57,51525,2686],{"class":1023},[57,51527,6628],{"class":93},[57,51529,51530,51532,51534,51536,51539,51541],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51531,8304],{"class":118},[57,51533,101],{"class":93},[57,51535,104],{"class":71},[57,51537,51538],{"class":75},"Name is long enough",[57,51540,104],{"class":71},[57,51542,112],{"class":93},[43,51544,51546],{"id":51545},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51548,51549,51550,51552],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51551,42601],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51554,51555],{},"Example with a list:",[48,51557,51559],{"className":50,"code":51558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51560,51561,51593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51564,13308],{"class":63},[57,51566,68],{"class":67},[57,51568,1380],{"class":93},[57,51570,104],{"class":71},[57,51572,264],{"class":75},[57,51574,104],{"class":71},[57,51576,107],{"class":93},[57,51578,72],{"class":71},[57,51580,283],{"class":75},[57,51582,104],{"class":71},[57,51584,107],{"class":93},[57,51586,72],{"class":71},[57,51588,274],{"class":75},[57,51590,104],{"class":71},[57,51592,288],{"class":93},[57,51594,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51596,119],{"class":118},[57,51598,101],{"class":93},[57,51600,2009],{"class":118},[57,51602,101],{"class":93},[57,51604,17736],{"class":97},[57,51606,5594],{"class":93},[57,51608,51006],{"class":132},[20,51610,38157],{},[48,51612,51614],{"className":50,"code":51613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51615,51616,51633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51617,51618,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51619,51620],{"class":63},"point ",[57,51622,68],{"class":67},[57,51624,9472],{"class":93},[57,51626,941],{"class":1023},[57,51628,107],{"class":93},[57,51630,8025],{"class":1023},[57,51632,112],{"class":93},[57,51634,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51646,51648],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51636,119],{"class":118},[57,51638,101],{"class":93},[57,51640,2009],{"class":118},[57,51642,101],{"class":93},[57,51644,51645],{"class":97},"point",[57,51647,5594],{"class":93},[57,51649,51650],{"class":132},"  # 2\n",[20,51652,51653],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[48,51655,51657],{"className":50,"code":51656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51658,51659,51683,51687,51705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51660,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51662,8014],{"class":63},[57,51664,68],{"class":67},[57,51666,1380],{"class":93},[57,51668,104],{"class":71},[57,51670,836],{"class":75},[57,51672,104],{"class":71},[57,51674,107],{"class":93},[57,51676,72],{"class":71},[57,51678,845],{"class":75},[57,51680,104],{"class":71},[57,51682,288],{"class":93},[57,51684,51685],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51686,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,51688,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51690,7233],{"class":4110},[57,51692,38626],{"class":118},[57,51694,101],{"class":93},[57,51696,8045],{"class":97},[57,51698,3896],{"class":93},[57,51700,38636],{"class":67},[57,51702,1143],{"class":1023},[57,51704,6628],{"class":93},[57,51706,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51708,8304],{"class":118},[57,51710,101],{"class":93},[57,51712,8045],{"class":97},[57,51714,258],{"class":93},[57,51716,3224],{"class":1023},[57,51718,20681],{"class":93},[57,51720,51721],{"class":132},"  # banana\n",[20,51723,51724],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[48,51726,51728],{"className":50,"code":51727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51729,51730,51753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51731,51732,51734,51736,51738,51741,51743,51746,51748,51751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51733,5296],{"class":63},[57,51735,68],{"class":67},[57,51737,1380],{"class":93},[57,51739,51740],{"class":1023},"88",[57,51742,107],{"class":93},[57,51744,51745],{"class":1023}," 91",[57,51747,107],{"class":93},[57,51749,51750],{"class":1023}," 75",[57,51752,288],{"class":93},[57,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51756,119],{"class":118},[57,51758,101],{"class":93},[57,51760,104],{"class":71},[57,51762,51763],{"class":75},"Number of scores:",[57,51765,104],{"class":71},[57,51767,107],{"class":93},[57,51769,38626],{"class":118},[57,51771,101],{"class":93},[57,51773,16622],{"class":97},[57,51775,640],{"class":93},[20,51777,51778,51779,94],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[293,51780,51782],{"href":51781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[43,51784,51786],{"id":51785},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51788,51789,51790,51792],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51791,42601],{}," counts keys.",[48,51794,51796],{"className":50,"code":51795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51797,51798,51806,51824,51838,51854,51858,51862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51799,51800,51802,51804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51801,13095],{"class":63},[57,51803,68],{"class":67},[57,51805,11725],{"class":93},[57,51807,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51809,11730],{"class":71},[57,51811,1056],{"class":75},[57,51813,104],{"class":71},[57,51815,1016],{"class":93},[57,51817,72],{"class":71},[57,51819,8156],{"class":75},[57,51821,104],{"class":71},[57,51823,11746],{"class":93},[57,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51827,11730],{"class":71},[57,51829,1065],{"class":75},[57,51831,104],{"class":71},[57,51833,1016],{"class":93},[57,51835,31182],{"class":1023},[57,51837,11746],{"class":93},[57,51839,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51841,11730],{"class":71},[57,51843,20126],{"class":75},[57,51845,104],{"class":71},[57,51847,1016],{"class":93},[57,51849,72],{"class":71},[57,51851,22481],{"class":75},[57,51853,79],{"class":71},[57,51855,51856],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,51857,9544],{"class":93},[57,51859,51860],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,51861,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,51863,51864,51866,51868,51870,51872,51874,51876],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,51865,119],{"class":118},[57,51867,101],{"class":93},[57,51869,2009],{"class":118},[57,51871,101],{"class":93},[57,51873,13857],{"class":97},[57,51875,5594],{"class":93},[57,51877,51006],{"class":132},[20,51879,51880,51881,51883],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51882,42601],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51885,51886,51887,51889],{},"For sets, ",[15,51888,42601],{}," counts unique items:",[48,51891,51893],{"className":50,"code":51892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51894,51895,51923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51896,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51898,3853],{"class":63},[57,51900,68],{"class":67},[57,51902,10725],{"class":93},[57,51904,3224],{"class":1023},[57,51906,107],{"class":93},[57,51908,1024],{"class":1023},[57,51910,107],{"class":93},[57,51912,2686],{"class":1023},[57,51914,107],{"class":93},[57,51916,2686],{"class":1023},[57,51918,107],{"class":93},[57,51920,1024],{"class":1023},[57,51922,9544],{"class":93},[57,51924,51925,51927,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51926,119],{"class":118},[57,51928,101],{"class":93},[57,51930,2009],{"class":118},[57,51932,101],{"class":93},[57,51934,3883],{"class":97},[57,51936,5594],{"class":93},[57,51938,51006],{"class":132},[20,51940,51941],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51943,51944],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[48,51946,51948],{"className":50,"code":51947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51949,51950,51958,51962,51980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51951,51952,51954,51956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51953,9401],{"class":63},[57,51955,68],{"class":67},[57,51957,10073],{"class":93},[57,51959,51960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,51961,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,51963,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,51965,7233],{"class":4110},[57,51967,38626],{"class":118},[57,51969,101],{"class":93},[57,51971,9440],{"class":97},[57,51973,3896],{"class":93},[57,51975,6643],{"class":67},[57,51977,4068],{"class":1023},[57,51979,6628],{"class":93},[57,51981,51982,51984,51986,51988,51991,51993],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,51983,8304],{"class":118},[57,51985,101],{"class":93},[57,51987,104],{"class":71},[57,51989,51990],{"class":75},"The dictionary is empty",[57,51992,104],{"class":71},[57,51994,112],{"class":93},[43,51996,41286],{"id":41285},[20,51998,51999,52000,94],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52001,42601],{},[572,52003,52005],{"id":52004},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[48,52007,52009],{"className":50,"code":52008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52010,52011,52019,52023,52041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52012,52013,52015,52017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52014,8014],{"class":63},[57,52016,68],{"class":67},[57,52018,8074],{"class":93},[57,52020,52021],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52022,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,52024,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035,52037,52039],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52026,7233],{"class":4110},[57,52028,38626],{"class":118},[57,52030,101],{"class":93},[57,52032,8045],{"class":97},[57,52034,3896],{"class":93},[57,52036,6643],{"class":67},[57,52038,4068],{"class":1023},[57,52040,6628],{"class":93},[57,52042,52043,52045,52047,52049,52052,52054],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52044,8304],{"class":118},[57,52046,101],{"class":93},[57,52048,104],{"class":71},[57,52050,52051],{"class":75},"The list is empty",[57,52053,104],{"class":71},[57,52055,112],{"class":93},[572,52057,52059],{"id":52058},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[48,52061,52063],{"className":50,"code":52062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52064,52065,52084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52066,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52080,52082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52068,6388],{"class":63},[57,52070,68],{"class":67},[57,52072,8477],{"class":118},[57,52074,101],{"class":93},[57,52076,104],{"class":71},[57,52078,52079],{"class":75},"Enter a word: ",[57,52081,104],{"class":71},[57,52083,112],{"class":93},[57,52085,52086,52088,52090,52092,52095,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52087,119],{"class":118},[57,52089,101],{"class":93},[57,52091,104],{"class":71},[57,52093,52094],{"class":75},"Number of characters:",[57,52096,104],{"class":71},[57,52098,107],{"class":93},[57,52100,38626],{"class":118},[57,52102,101],{"class":93},[57,52104,38631],{"class":97},[57,52106,640],{"class":93},[572,52108,52110],{"id":52109},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[48,52112,52114],{"className":50,"code":52113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52115,52116,52130,52134,52152,52167,52173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52117,52118,52121,52123,52125,52128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52119,52120],{"class":63},"password ",[57,52122,68],{"class":67},[57,52124,72],{"class":71},[57,52126,52127],{"class":75},"secret123",[57,52129,79],{"class":71},[57,52131,52132],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52133,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,52135,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52137,7233],{"class":4110},[57,52139,38626],{"class":118},[57,52141,101],{"class":93},[57,52143,17855],{"class":97},[57,52145,3896],{"class":93},[57,52147,51523],{"class":67},[57,52149,6594],{"class":1023},[57,52151,6628],{"class":93},[57,52153,52154,52156,52158,52160,52163,52165],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52155,8304],{"class":118},[57,52157,101],{"class":93},[57,52159,104],{"class":71},[57,52161,52162],{"class":75},"Password length is valid",[57,52164,104],{"class":71},[57,52166,112],{"class":93},[57,52168,52169,52171],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,52170,27672],{"class":4110},[57,52172,6628],{"class":93},[57,52174,52175,52177,52179,52181,52184,52186],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,52176,8304],{"class":118},[57,52178,101],{"class":93},[57,52180,104],{"class":71},[57,52182,52183],{"class":75},"Password is too short",[57,52185,104],{"class":71},[57,52187,112],{"class":93},[572,52189,52191],{"id":52190},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[48,52193,52195],{"className":50,"code":52194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52196,52197,52233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52198,52199,52202,52204,52206,52208,52211,52213,52215,52217,52220,52222,52224,52226,52229,52231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52200,52201],{"class":63},"results ",[57,52203,68],{"class":67},[57,52205,1380],{"class":93},[57,52207,104],{"class":71},[57,52209,52210],{"class":75},"item1",[57,52212,104],{"class":71},[57,52214,107],{"class":93},[57,52216,72],{"class":71},[57,52218,52219],{"class":75},"item2",[57,52221,104],{"class":71},[57,52223,107],{"class":93},[57,52225,72],{"class":71},[57,52227,52228],{"class":75},"item3",[57,52230,104],{"class":71},[57,52232,288],{"class":93},[57,52234,52235,52237,52239,52241,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252,52255],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52236,119],{"class":118},[57,52238,101],{"class":93},[57,52240,104],{"class":71},[57,52242,52243],{"class":75},"Items found:",[57,52245,104],{"class":71},[57,52247,107],{"class":93},[57,52249,38626],{"class":118},[57,52251,101],{"class":93},[57,52253,52254],{"class":97},"results",[57,52256,640],{"class":93},[20,52258,52259],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[43,52261,52263],{"id":52262},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52265,52266,52268],{},[15,52267,42601],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52270,52271,52272,1016],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52273,3241],{},[30,52275,52276,52279,52282],{},[33,52277,52278],{},"plain integers",[33,52280,52281],{},"floats",[33,52283,52284],{},[15,52285,4012],{},[20,52287,179],{},[48,52289,52291],{"className":50,"code":52290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52292,52293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52294,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52296,119],{"class":118},[57,52298,101],{"class":93},[57,52300,2009],{"class":118},[57,52302,101],{"class":93},[57,52304,2372],{"class":1023},[57,52306,640],{"class":93},[20,52308,52309,52310,52312],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52311,2372],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52314,1102],{},[48,52316,52318],{"className":50,"code":52317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52319,52320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52321,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52323,119],{"class":118},[57,52325,101],{"class":93},[57,52327,2009],{"class":118},[57,52329,101],{"class":93},[57,52331,40383],{"class":1023},[57,52333,640],{"class":93},[20,52335,52336,52337,1016],{},"And with ",[15,52338,4012],{},[48,52340,52342],{"className":50,"code":52341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52343,52344,52352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52345,52346,52348,52350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52347,2681],{"class":63},[57,52349,68],{"class":67},[57,52351,48764],{"class":4085},[57,52353,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52355,119],{"class":118},[57,52357,101],{"class":93},[57,52359,2009],{"class":118},[57,52361,101],{"class":93},[57,52363,2708],{"class":97},[57,52365,640],{"class":93},[20,52367,52368,52369,94],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[293,52370,52372],{"href":52371},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[43,52374,52376],{"id":52375},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52378,52379,52380,52382],{},"Before using ",[15,52381,42601],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52384,52385],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[48,52387,52389],{"className":50,"code":52388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52390,52391,52399,52403,52413,52427,52445,52463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52392,52393,52395,52397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52394,2681],{"class":63},[57,52396,68],{"class":67},[57,52398,48764],{"class":4085},[57,52400,52401],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52402,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,52404,52405,52407,52409,52411],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52406,119],{"class":118},[57,52408,101],{"class":93},[57,52410,2708],{"class":97},[57,52412,112],{"class":93},[57,52414,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52416,119],{"class":118},[57,52418,101],{"class":93},[57,52420,1257],{"class":1256},[57,52422,101],{"class":93},[57,52424,2708],{"class":97},[57,52426,640],{"class":93},[57,52428,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,52430,119],{"class":118},[57,52432,101],{"class":93},[57,52434,49112],{"class":118},[57,52436,101],{"class":93},[57,52438,2708],{"class":97},[57,52440,107],{"class":93},[57,52442,49141],{"class":1256},[57,52444,640],{"class":93},[57,52446,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,52448,119],{"class":118},[57,52450,101],{"class":93},[57,52452,49112],{"class":118},[57,52454,101],{"class":93},[57,52456,2708],{"class":97},[57,52458,107],{"class":93},[57,52460,22796],{"class":1256},[57,52462,640],{"class":93},[57,52464,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,52466,119],{"class":118},[57,52468,101],{"class":93},[57,52470,49112],{"class":118},[57,52472,101],{"class":93},[57,52474,2708],{"class":97},[57,52476,107],{"class":93},[57,52478,9406],{"class":1256},[57,52480,640],{"class":93},[20,52482,52483],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52485,52486],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[48,52488,52490],{"className":50,"code":52489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52491,52492,52504,52508,52522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52493,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52495,2681],{"class":63},[57,52497,68],{"class":67},[57,52499,72],{"class":71},[57,52501,1590],{"class":75},[57,52503,79],{"class":71},[57,52505,52506],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52507,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52511,7233],{"class":4110},[57,52513,21820],{"class":63},[57,52515,537],{"class":67},[57,52517,8334],{"class":67},[57,52519,4086],{"class":4085},[57,52521,6628],{"class":93},[57,52523,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52525,8304],{"class":118},[57,52527,101],{"class":93},[57,52529,2009],{"class":118},[57,52531,101],{"class":93},[57,52533,2708],{"class":97},[57,52535,640],{"class":93},[20,52537,52538,52539,94],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[293,52540,8677],{"href":2533},[43,52542,1673],{"id":1672},[20,52544,23331,52545,1016],{},[15,52546,42601],{},[30,52548,52549,52557,52565,52573,52579],{},[33,52550,425,52551,52553,52554],{},[15,52552,42601],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52555,52556],{},"len(5)",[33,52558,425,52559,52561,52562],{},[15,52560,42601],{}," on a float like ",[15,52563,52564],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52566,425,52567,52569,52570,52572],{},[15,52568,42601],{}," on ",[15,52571,4012],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52574,4812,52575,52578],{},[15,52576,52577],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52580,52581],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52583,52584],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[48,52586,52588],{"className":50,"code":52587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52589,52590,52626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52591,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52593,13435],{"class":63},[57,52595,68],{"class":67},[57,52597,10725],{"class":93},[57,52599,104],{"class":71},[57,52601,1056],{"class":75},[57,52603,104],{"class":71},[57,52605,1016],{"class":93},[57,52607,72],{"class":71},[57,52609,13112],{"class":75},[57,52611,104],{"class":71},[57,52613,107],{"class":93},[57,52615,72],{"class":71},[57,52617,1065],{"class":75},[57,52619,104],{"class":71},[57,52621,1016],{"class":93},[57,52623,8025],{"class":1023},[57,52625,9544],{"class":93},[57,52627,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52629,119],{"class":118},[57,52631,101],{"class":93},[57,52633,2009],{"class":118},[57,52635,101],{"class":93},[57,52637,17541],{"class":97},[57,52639,5594],{"class":93},[57,52641,51650],{"class":132},[20,52643,37835,52644,52646,52647,2082,52649,94],{},[15,52645,1931],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52648,15472],{},[15,52650,52651],{},"\"age\"",[20,52653,52654],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[48,52656,52658],{"className":50,"code":52657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52659,52660,52673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52661,52662,52664,52666,52668,52671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52663,64],{"class":63},[57,52665,68],{"class":67},[57,52667,72],{"class":71},[57,52669,52670],{"class":75},"a b",[57,52672,79],{"class":71},[57,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52676,119],{"class":118},[57,52678,101],{"class":93},[57,52680,2009],{"class":118},[57,52682,101],{"class":93},[57,52684,227],{"class":97},[57,52686,5594],{"class":93},[57,52688,51006],{"class":132},[20,52690,52691],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[43,52693,2075],{"id":2074},[572,52695,52697],{"id":52696},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52699,52700],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[572,52702,52704],{"id":52703},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52706,52707],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[572,52709,52711],{"id":52710},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52713,52714],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[572,52716,52718],{"id":52717},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52720,52721,52722,52724,52725,3114,52727,52729,52730,94],{},"No. Using ",[15,52723,42601],{}," on an ",[15,52726,2423],{},[15,52728,2426],{}," raises a ",[15,52731,3241],{},[572,52733,52735],{"id":52734},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52737,7997,52738,94],{},[15,52739,52740],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52742,179],{},[48,52744,52746],{"className":50,"code":52745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52747,52748,52756,52760,52778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52749,52750,52752,52754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52751,8543],{"class":63},[57,52753,68],{"class":67},[57,52755,8074],{"class":93},[57,52757,52758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52759,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,52761,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52763,7233],{"class":4110},[57,52765,38626],{"class":118},[57,52767,101],{"class":93},[57,52769,8574],{"class":97},[57,52771,3896],{"class":93},[57,52773,6643],{"class":67},[57,52775,4068],{"class":1023},[57,52777,6628],{"class":93},[57,52779,52780,52782,52784,52786,52789,52791],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52781,8304],{"class":118},[57,52783,101],{"class":93},[57,52785,104],{"class":71},[57,52787,52788],{"class":75},"Empty list",[57,52790,104],{"class":71},[57,52792,112],{"class":93},[20,52794,52795,52796,52798,52799,52801,52802,52804],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52797,3909],{}," in an ",[15,52800,7233],{}," statement, but ",[15,52803,42601],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[43,52806,2132],{"id":2131},[30,52808,52809,52813,52817,52821,52826,52830,52836],{},[33,52810,52811],{},[293,52812,51211],{"href":295},[33,52814,52815],{},[293,52816,51215],{"href":51214},[33,52818,52819],{},[293,52820,9391],{"href":9390},[33,52822,52823],{},[293,52824,52825],{"href":51781},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52827,52828],{},[293,52829,8677],{"href":2533},[33,52831,52832],{},[293,52833,52835],{"href":52834},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52837,52838],{},[293,52839,52840],{"href":52371},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2161,52842,52843],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":52845},[52846,52847,52848,52849,52850,52851,52852,52858,52859,52860,52861,52868],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":51014,"depth":82,"text":51015},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":51358,"depth":82,"text":51359},{"id":51545,"depth":82,"text":51546},{"id":51785,"depth":82,"text":51786},{"id":41285,"depth":82,"text":41286,"children":52853},[52854,52855,52856,52857],{"id":52004,"depth":115,"text":52005},{"id":52058,"depth":115,"text":52059},{"id":52109,"depth":115,"text":52110},{"id":52190,"depth":115,"text":52191},{"id":52262,"depth":82,"text":52263},{"id":52375,"depth":82,"text":52376},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":52862},[52863,52864,52865,52866,52867],{"id":52696,"depth":115,"text":52697},{"id":52703,"depth":115,"text":52704},{"id":52710,"depth":115,"text":52711},{"id":52717,"depth":115,"text":52718},{"id":52734,"depth":115,"text":52735},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50897,"description":52869},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52876,"title":52877,"body":52878,"description":54563,"extension":2201,"meta":54564,"navigation":217,"path":54565,"seo":54566,"stem":54567,"__hash__":54568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52879,"toc":54536},[52880,52883,52897,52903,52905,52959,52964,52968,52984,52987,53001,53007,53009,53012,53031,53047,53049,53125,53127,53164,53175,53177,53180,53241,53243,53276,53279,53285,53289,53292,53417,53419,53478,53486,53539,53541,53568,53574,53584,53588,53591,53596,53648,53650,53676,53682,53736,53738,53763,53766,53790,53796,53798,53802,53804,53861,53863,53871,53873,53895,53897,53950,53952,53976,53980,53982,54021,54023,54031,54037,54041,54093,54095,54121,54129,54133,54138,54147,54149,54215,54217,54249,54253,54258,54260,54274,54277,54350,54352,54378,54380,54384,54391,54395,54402,54406,54409,54411,54464,54466,54492,54496,54505,54507,54533],[10,52881,52877],{"id":52882},"python-list-append-method",[20,52884,2218,52885,52888,52889,52892,52893,52896],{},[15,52886,52887],{},"append()"," method adds ",[153,52890,52891],{},"one item"," to the ",[153,52894,52895],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52898,52899,52900,52902],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[153,52901,175],{}," create a new list.",[43,52904,3843],{"id":3842},[48,52906,52908],{"className":50,"code":52907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52909,52910,52930,52944,52954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52911,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52913,3853],{"class":63},[57,52915,68],{"class":67},[57,52917,1380],{"class":93},[57,52919,3224],{"class":1023},[57,52921,107],{"class":93},[57,52923,1024],{"class":1023},[57,52925,107],{"class":93},[57,52927,2686],{"class":1023},[57,52929,288],{"class":93},[57,52931,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,52933,3883],{"class":63},[57,52935,94],{"class":93},[57,52937,13784],{"class":97},[57,52939,101],{"class":93},[57,52941,2740],{"class":1023},[57,52943,112],{"class":93},[57,52945,52946,52948,52950,52952],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,52947,119],{"class":118},[57,52949,101],{"class":93},[57,52951,3883],{"class":97},[57,52953,112],{"class":93},[57,52955,52956],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,52957,52958],{"class":132},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52960,136,52961,52963],{},[15,52962,52887],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[43,52965,52967],{"id":52966},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52969,52970,52975,52978,52981],{},[33,52971,52972,52974],{},[15,52973,52887],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52976,52977],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52979,52980],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52982,52983],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52985,52986],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52988,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999],{},[33,52990,3883],{},[33,52992,5541],{},[33,52994,40834],{},[33,52996,5532],{},[33,52998,7486],{},[33,53000,34901],{},[20,53002,53003,53004,94],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[293,53005,53006],{"href":51214},"Python lists explained for beginners",[43,53008,5664],{"id":5663},[20,53010,53011],{},"Basic form:",[48,53013,53015],{"className":50,"code":53014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53016,53017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53018,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53020,8574],{"class":63},[57,53022,94],{"class":93},[57,53024,13784],{"class":97},[57,53026,101],{"class":93},[57,53028,23547],{"class":97},[57,53030,112],{"class":93},[30,53032,53033,53038,53043],{},[33,53034,53035,53037],{},[15,53036,8574],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,53039,53040,53042],{},[15,53041,23547],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,53044,12143,53045],{},[15,53046,4012],{},[20,53048,179],{},[48,53050,53052],{"className":50,"code":53051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53053,53054,53078,53101,53105,53115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53055,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53057,36479],{"class":63},[57,53059,68],{"class":67},[57,53061,1380],{"class":93},[57,53063,104],{"class":71},[57,53065,836],{"class":75},[57,53067,104],{"class":71},[57,53069,107],{"class":93},[57,53071,72],{"class":71},[57,53073,845],{"class":75},[57,53075,104],{"class":71},[57,53077,288],{"class":93},[57,53079,53080,53082,53084,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53081,2463],{"class":63},[57,53083,68],{"class":67},[57,53085,53086],{"class":63}," fruits",[57,53088,94],{"class":93},[57,53090,13784],{"class":97},[57,53092,101],{"class":93},[57,53094,104],{"class":71},[57,53096,33461],{"class":75},[57,53098,104],{"class":71},[57,53100,112],{"class":93},[57,53102,53103],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53104,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53106,53107,53109,53111,53113],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53108,119],{"class":118},[57,53110,101],{"class":93},[57,53112,36531],{"class":97},[57,53114,112],{"class":93},[57,53116,53117,53119,53121,53123],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,53118,119],{"class":118},[57,53120,101],{"class":93},[57,53122,2498],{"class":97},[57,53124,112],{"class":93},[20,53126,243],{},[48,53128,53130],{"className":50,"code":53129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53131,53132,53160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53133,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53135,258],{"class":93},[57,53137,261],{"class":71},[57,53139,836],{"class":75},[57,53141,261],{"class":71},[57,53143,107],{"class":93},[57,53145,271],{"class":71},[57,53147,845],{"class":75},[57,53149,261],{"class":71},[57,53151,107],{"class":93},[57,53153,271],{"class":71},[57,53155,33461],{"class":75},[57,53157,261],{"class":71},[57,53159,288],{"class":93},[57,53161,53162],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53163,12040],{"class":4085},[20,53165,53166,53167,53169,53170,53172,53173,94],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53168,52887],{}," updates ",[15,53171,36531],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53174,4012],{},[43,53176,11707],{"id":11706},[20,53178,53179],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[48,53181,53183],{"className":50,"code":53182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53184,53185,53209,53227,53231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53186,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53188,13308],{"class":63},[57,53190,68],{"class":67},[57,53192,1380],{"class":93},[57,53194,104],{"class":71},[57,53196,264],{"class":75},[57,53198,104],{"class":71},[57,53200,107],{"class":93},[57,53202,72],{"class":71},[57,53204,274],{"class":75},[57,53206,104],{"class":71},[57,53208,288],{"class":93},[57,53210,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53212,17736],{"class":63},[57,53214,94],{"class":93},[57,53216,13784],{"class":97},[57,53218,101],{"class":93},[57,53220,104],{"class":71},[57,53222,283],{"class":75},[57,53224,104],{"class":71},[57,53226,112],{"class":93},[57,53228,53229],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53230,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53232,53233,53235,53237,53239],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53234,119],{"class":118},[57,53236,101],{"class":93},[57,53238,17736],{"class":97},[57,53240,112],{"class":93},[20,53242,243],{},[48,53244,53246],{"className":50,"code":53245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53247,53248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53249,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53251,258],{"class":93},[57,53253,261],{"class":71},[57,53255,264],{"class":75},[57,53257,261],{"class":71},[57,53259,107],{"class":93},[57,53261,271],{"class":71},[57,53263,274],{"class":75},[57,53265,261],{"class":71},[57,53267,107],{"class":93},[57,53269,271],{"class":71},[57,53271,283],{"class":75},[57,53273,261],{"class":71},[57,53275,288],{"class":93},[20,53277,53278],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53280,31322,53281,94],{},[293,53282,53284],{"href":53283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[43,53286,53288],{"id":53287},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53290,53291],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[48,53293,53295],{"className":50,"code":53294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53296,53297,53305,53309,53323,53341,53355,53381,53403,53407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53298,53299,53301,53303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53300,8014],{"class":63},[57,53302,68],{"class":67},[57,53304,8074],{"class":93},[57,53306,53307],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53308,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53310,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53312,8045],{"class":63},[57,53314,94],{"class":93},[57,53316,13784],{"class":97},[57,53318,101],{"class":93},[57,53320,941],{"class":1023},[57,53322,112],{"class":93},[57,53324,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53326,8045],{"class":63},[57,53328,94],{"class":93},[57,53330,13784],{"class":97},[57,53332,101],{"class":93},[57,53334,104],{"class":71},[57,53336,1590],{"class":75},[57,53338,104],{"class":71},[57,53340,112],{"class":93},[57,53342,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,53344,8045],{"class":63},[57,53346,94],{"class":93},[57,53348,13784],{"class":97},[57,53350,101],{"class":93},[57,53352,3838],{"class":4085},[57,53354,112],{"class":93},[57,53356,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,53358,8045],{"class":63},[57,53360,94],{"class":93},[57,53362,13784],{"class":97},[57,53364,5762],{"class":93},[57,53366,104],{"class":71},[57,53368,1056],{"class":75},[57,53370,104],{"class":71},[57,53372,1016],{"class":93},[57,53374,72],{"class":71},[57,53376,7911],{"class":75},[57,53378,104],{"class":71},[57,53380,30735],{"class":93},[57,53382,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,53384,8045],{"class":63},[57,53386,94],{"class":93},[57,53388,13784],{"class":97},[57,53390,3221],{"class":93},[57,53392,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53394,107],{"class":93},[57,53396,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53398,107],{"class":93},[57,53400,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53402,1280],{"class":93},[57,53404,53405],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,53406,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53408,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,53410,119],{"class":118},[57,53412,101],{"class":93},[57,53414,8045],{"class":97},[57,53416,112],{"class":93},[20,53418,243],{},[48,53420,53422],{"className":50,"code":53421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53423,53424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53425,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53427,258],{"class":93},[57,53429,941],{"class":1023},[57,53431,107],{"class":93},[57,53433,271],{"class":71},[57,53435,1590],{"class":75},[57,53437,261],{"class":71},[57,53439,107],{"class":93},[57,53441,4149],{"class":4085},[57,53443,107],{"class":93},[57,53445,10725],{"class":93},[57,53447,261],{"class":71},[57,53449,1056],{"class":75},[57,53451,261],{"class":71},[57,53453,1016],{"class":93},[57,53455,271],{"class":71},[57,53457,7911],{"class":75},[57,53459,261],{"class":71},[57,53461,53462],{"class":93},"},",[57,53464,1380],{"class":93},[57,53466,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53468,107],{"class":93},[57,53470,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53472,107],{"class":93},[57,53474,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53476,53477],{"class":93},"]]\n",[20,53479,53480,53481,42395,53483,94],{},"A list added with ",[15,53482,52887],{},[153,53484,53485],{},"one single item",[48,53487,53489],{"className":50,"code":53488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53490,53491,53507,53525,53529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53494,3853],{"class":63},[57,53496,68],{"class":67},[57,53498,1380],{"class":93},[57,53500,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53502,107],{"class":93},[57,53504,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53506,288],{"class":93},[57,53508,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53510,3883],{"class":63},[57,53512,94],{"class":93},[57,53514,13784],{"class":97},[57,53516,3221],{"class":93},[57,53518,2299],{"class":1023},[57,53520,107],{"class":93},[57,53522,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53524,1280],{"class":93},[57,53526,53527],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53528,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53530,53531,53533,53535,53537],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53532,119],{"class":118},[57,53534,101],{"class":93},[57,53536,3883],{"class":97},[57,53538,112],{"class":93},[20,53540,243],{},[48,53542,53544],{"className":50,"code":53543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53545,53546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53547,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53549,258],{"class":93},[57,53551,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53553,107],{"class":93},[57,53555,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53557,107],{"class":93},[57,53559,1380],{"class":93},[57,53561,2299],{"class":1023},[57,53563,107],{"class":93},[57,53565,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53567,53477],{"class":93},[20,53569,2520,53570,53573],{},[15,53571,53572],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53575,53576,53577,53583],{},"This is different from ",[293,53578,53580],{"href":53579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53581,53582],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[43,53585,53587],{"id":53586},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53589,53590],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[572,53592,425,53594],{"id":53593},"using-append",[15,53595,52887],{},[48,53597,53598],{"className":50,"code":53488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53599,53600,53616,53634,53638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53603,3853],{"class":63},[57,53605,68],{"class":67},[57,53607,1380],{"class":93},[57,53609,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53611,107],{"class":93},[57,53613,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53615,288],{"class":93},[57,53617,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53619,3883],{"class":63},[57,53621,94],{"class":93},[57,53623,13784],{"class":97},[57,53625,3221],{"class":93},[57,53627,2299],{"class":1023},[57,53629,107],{"class":93},[57,53631,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53633,1280],{"class":93},[57,53635,53636],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53637,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53641,119],{"class":118},[57,53643,101],{"class":93},[57,53645,3883],{"class":97},[57,53647,112],{"class":93},[20,53649,243],{},[48,53651,53652],{"className":50,"code":53543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53653,53654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53655,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53657,258],{"class":93},[57,53659,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53661,107],{"class":93},[57,53663,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53665,107],{"class":93},[57,53667,1380],{"class":93},[57,53669,2299],{"class":1023},[57,53671,107],{"class":93},[57,53673,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53675,53477],{"class":93},[572,53677,425,53679],{"id":53678},"using-extend",[15,53680,53681],{},"extend()",[48,53683,53685],{"className":50,"code":53684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53686,53687,53703,53722,53726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53688,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53690,3853],{"class":63},[57,53692,68],{"class":67},[57,53694,1380],{"class":93},[57,53696,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53698,107],{"class":93},[57,53700,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53702,288],{"class":93},[57,53704,53705,53707,53709,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53706,3883],{"class":63},[57,53708,94],{"class":93},[57,53710,53711],{"class":97},"extend",[57,53713,3221],{"class":93},[57,53715,2299],{"class":1023},[57,53717,107],{"class":93},[57,53719,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53721,1280],{"class":93},[57,53723,53724],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53725,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53727,53728,53730,53732,53734],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53729,119],{"class":118},[57,53731,101],{"class":93},[57,53733,3883],{"class":97},[57,53735,112],{"class":93},[20,53737,243],{},[48,53739,53741],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53742,53743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53744,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53746,258],{"class":93},[57,53748,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53750,107],{"class":93},[57,53752,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53754,107],{"class":93},[57,53756,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53758,107],{"class":93},[57,53760,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53762,288],{"class":93},[20,53764,53765],{},"The difference:",[30,53767,53768,53774,53780,53785],{},[33,53769,53770,53773],{},[15,53771,53772],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53775,53776,53779],{},[15,53777,53778],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53781,136,53782,53784],{},[15,53783,52887],{}," for one item",[33,53786,136,53787,53789],{},[15,53788,53681],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53791,53792,53793,94],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[293,53794,53795],{"href":53579},"Python list extend() method",[43,53797,4751],{"id":4750},[572,53799,53801],{"id":53800},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53803,25928],{},[48,53805,53807],{"className":50,"code":53806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53808,53809,53829,53847,53851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53810,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53812,8014],{"class":63},[57,53814,68],{"class":67},[57,53816,1380],{"class":93},[57,53818,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53820,107],{"class":93},[57,53822,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53824,107],{"class":93},[57,53826,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53828,288],{"class":93},[57,53830,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53832,8014],{"class":63},[57,53834,68],{"class":67},[57,53836,6199],{"class":63},[57,53838,94],{"class":93},[57,53840,13784],{"class":97},[57,53842,101],{"class":93},[57,53844,2740],{"class":1023},[57,53846,112],{"class":93},[57,53848,53849],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53850,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53852,53853,53855,53857,53859],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53854,119],{"class":118},[57,53856,101],{"class":93},[57,53858,8045],{"class":97},[57,53860,112],{"class":93},[20,53862,243],{},[48,53864,53865],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53866,53867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53868,53869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53870,12040],{"class":4085},[20,53872,12132],{},[30,53874,53875,53880,53886],{},[33,53876,53877,53879],{},[15,53878,52887],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53881,53882,2631,53884],{},[15,53883,52887],{},[15,53885,4012],{},[33,53887,53888,53889,53892,53893],{},"So ",[15,53890,53891],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53894,4012],{},[20,53896,1783],{},[48,53898,53900],{"className":50,"code":53899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53901,53902,53922,53936,53940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53905,8014],{"class":63},[57,53907,68],{"class":67},[57,53909,1380],{"class":93},[57,53911,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53913,107],{"class":93},[57,53915,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53917,107],{"class":93},[57,53919,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53921,288],{"class":93},[57,53923,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,53925,8045],{"class":63},[57,53927,94],{"class":93},[57,53929,13784],{"class":97},[57,53931,101],{"class":93},[57,53933,2740],{"class":1023},[57,53935,112],{"class":93},[57,53937,53938],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,53939,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,53941,53942,53944,53946,53948],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,53943,119],{"class":118},[57,53945,101],{"class":93},[57,53947,8045],{"class":97},[57,53949,112],{"class":93},[20,53951,243],{},[48,53953,53954],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53955,53956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53957,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53959,258],{"class":93},[57,53961,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53963,107],{"class":93},[57,53965,1024],{"class":1023},[57,53967,107],{"class":93},[57,53969,2686],{"class":1023},[57,53971,107],{"class":93},[57,53973,2692],{"class":1023},[57,53975,288],{"class":93},[572,53977,53979],{"id":53978},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53981,19148],{},[48,53983,53985],{"className":50,"code":53984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53986,53987,54011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53988,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53990,32122],{"class":63},[57,53992,68],{"class":67},[57,53994,1380],{"class":93},[57,53996,3224],{"class":1023},[57,53998,107],{"class":93},[57,54000,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54002,13781],{"class":93},[57,54004,13784],{"class":97},[57,54006,101],{"class":93},[57,54008,2299],{"class":1023},[57,54010,112],{"class":93},[57,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54014,119],{"class":118},[57,54016,101],{"class":93},[57,54018,32141],{"class":97},[57,54020,112],{"class":93},[20,54022,243],{},[48,54024,54025],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54026,54027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54028,54029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54030,12040],{"class":4085},[20,54032,54033,54034,54036],{},"Remember: ",[15,54035,52887],{}," updates the list you already have.",[572,54038,54040],{"id":54039},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[48,54042,54043],{"className":50,"code":53488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54044,54045,54061,54079,54083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54046,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54048,3853],{"class":63},[57,54050,68],{"class":67},[57,54052,1380],{"class":93},[57,54054,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54056,107],{"class":93},[57,54058,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54060,288],{"class":93},[57,54062,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54064,3883],{"class":63},[57,54066,94],{"class":93},[57,54068,13784],{"class":97},[57,54070,3221],{"class":93},[57,54072,2299],{"class":1023},[57,54074,107],{"class":93},[57,54076,2692],{"class":1023},[57,54078,1280],{"class":93},[57,54080,54081],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54082,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54084,54085,54087,54089,54091],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54086,119],{"class":118},[57,54088,101],{"class":93},[57,54090,3883],{"class":97},[57,54092,112],{"class":93},[20,54094,243],{},[48,54096,54097],{"className":50,"code":53543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54098,54099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54100,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54102,258],{"class":93},[57,54104,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54106,107],{"class":93},[57,54108,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54110,107],{"class":93},[57,54112,1380],{"class":93},[57,54114,2299],{"class":1023},[57,54116,107],{"class":93},[57,54118,2692],{"class":1023},[57,54120,53477],{"class":93},[20,54122,3406,54123,54126,54127,6866],{},[15,54124,54125],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54128,53681],{},[572,54130,54132],{"id":54131},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54134,54135,54137],{},[15,54136,52887],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54139,54140,54141,94],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[293,54142,54144],{"href":54143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54145,54146],{},"list.insert()",[20,54148,179],{},[48,54150,54152],{"className":50,"code":54151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54153,54154,54178,54201,54205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54155,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54157,36330],{"class":63},[57,54159,68],{"class":67},[57,54161,1380],{"class":93},[57,54163,104],{"class":71},[57,54165,293],{"class":75},[57,54167,104],{"class":71},[57,54169,107],{"class":93},[57,54171,72],{"class":71},[57,54173,673],{"class":75},[57,54175,104],{"class":71},[57,54177,288],{"class":93},[57,54179,54180,54182,54184,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54181,36383],{"class":63},[57,54183,94],{"class":93},[57,54185,54186],{"class":97},"insert",[57,54188,101],{"class":93},[57,54190,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54192,107],{"class":93},[57,54194,72],{"class":71},[57,54196,664],{"class":75},[57,54198,104],{"class":71},[57,54200,112],{"class":93},[57,54202,54203],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54204,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54206,54207,54209,54211,54213],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54208,119],{"class":118},[57,54210,101],{"class":93},[57,54212,36383],{"class":97},[57,54214,112],{"class":93},[20,54216,243],{},[48,54218,54219],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54220,54221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54222,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54224,258],{"class":93},[57,54226,261],{"class":71},[57,54228,293],{"class":75},[57,54230,261],{"class":71},[57,54232,107],{"class":93},[57,54234,271],{"class":71},[57,54236,664],{"class":75},[57,54238,261],{"class":71},[57,54240,107],{"class":93},[57,54242,271],{"class":71},[57,54244,673],{"class":75},[57,54246,261],{"class":71},[57,54248,288],{"class":93},[43,54250,54252],{"id":54251},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54254,54255,54257],{},[15,54256,52887],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54259,36666],{},[30,54261,54262,54265,54268,54271],{},[33,54263,54264],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,54266,54267],{},"collecting user input",[33,54269,54270],{},"storing results step by step",[33,54272,54273],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54275,54276],{},"Example with a loop:",[48,54278,54280],{"className":50,"code":54279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54281,54282,54291,54295,54316,54335,54339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54283,54284,54287,54289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54285,54286],{"class":63},"squares ",[57,54288,68],{"class":67},[57,54290,8074],{"class":93},[57,54292,54293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54294,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54296,54297,54299,54301,54303,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54298,6191],{"class":4110},[57,54300,6621],{"class":63},[57,54302,4117],{"class":4110},[57,54304,54305],{"class":118}," range",[57,54307,101],{"class":93},[57,54309,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54311,107],{"class":93},[57,54313,4838],{"class":1023},[57,54315,8577],{"class":93},[57,54317,54318,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54319,54320],{"class":63},"    squares",[57,54322,94],{"class":93},[57,54324,13784],{"class":97},[57,54326,101],{"class":93},[57,54328,2450],{"class":97},[57,54330,40113],{"class":67},[57,54332,2430],{"class":97},[57,54334,112],{"class":93},[57,54336,54337],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,54338,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54340,54341,54343,54345,54348],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,54342,119],{"class":118},[57,54344,101],{"class":93},[57,54346,54347],{"class":97},"squares",[57,54349,112],{"class":93},[20,54351,243],{},[48,54353,54355],{"className":50,"code":54354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54356,54357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54358,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54372,54374,54376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54360,258],{"class":93},[57,54362,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54364,107],{"class":93},[57,54366,2692],{"class":1023},[57,54368,107],{"class":93},[57,54370,54371],{"class":1023}," 9",[57,54373,107],{"class":93},[57,54375,14219],{"class":1023},[57,54377,288],{"class":93},[43,54379,2075],{"id":2074},[572,54381,54383],{"id":54382},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54385,46601,54386,54388,54389,94],{},[15,54387,52887],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54390,4012],{},[572,54392,54394],{"id":54393},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54396,54397,54398,94],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[293,54399,54400],{"href":53579},[15,54401,53681],{},[572,54403,54405],{"id":54404},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54407,54408],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54410,179],{},[48,54412,54414],{"className":50,"code":54413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54415,54416,54432,54450,54454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54417,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54419,9401],{"class":63},[57,54421,68],{"class":67},[57,54423,1380],{"class":93},[57,54425,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54427,107],{"class":93},[57,54429,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54431,288],{"class":93},[57,54433,54434,54436,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54435,9440],{"class":63},[57,54437,94],{"class":93},[57,54439,13784],{"class":97},[57,54441,3221],{"class":93},[57,54443,2299],{"class":1023},[57,54445,107],{"class":93},[57,54447,2692],{"class":1023},[57,54449,1280],{"class":93},[57,54451,54452],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54453,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54457,119],{"class":118},[57,54459,101],{"class":93},[57,54461,9440],{"class":97},[57,54463,112],{"class":93},[20,54465,243],{},[48,54467,54468],{"className":50,"code":53543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54469,54470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54471,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54473,258],{"class":93},[57,54475,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54477,107],{"class":93},[57,54479,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54481,107],{"class":93},[57,54483,1380],{"class":93},[57,54485,2299],{"class":1023},[57,54487,107],{"class":93},[57,54489,2692],{"class":1023},[57,54491,53477],{"class":93},[572,54493,54495],{"id":54494},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54497,54498,54500,54501,54504],{},[15,54499,52887],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54502,54503],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[43,54506,2132],{"id":2131},[30,54508,54509,54514,54518,54523,54527],{},[33,54510,54511],{},[293,54512,54513],{"href":53283},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54515,54516],{},[293,54517,53795],{"href":53579},[33,54519,54520],{},[293,54521,54522],{"href":54143},"Python list insert() method",[33,54524,54525],{},[293,54526,53006],{"href":51214},[33,54528,54529],{},[293,54530,54532],{"href":54531},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2161,54534,54535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":54537},[54538,54539,54540,54541,54542,54543,54549,54555,54556,54562],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":52966,"depth":82,"text":52967},{"id":5663,"depth":82,"text":5664},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":53287,"depth":82,"text":53288},{"id":53586,"depth":82,"text":53587,"children":54544},[54545,54547],{"id":53593,"depth":115,"text":54546},"Using append()",{"id":53678,"depth":115,"text":54548},"Using extend()",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":54550},[54551,54552,54553,54554],{"id":53800,"depth":115,"text":53801},{"id":53978,"depth":115,"text":53979},{"id":54039,"depth":115,"text":54040},{"id":54131,"depth":115,"text":54132},{"id":54251,"depth":82,"text":54252},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":54557},[54558,54559,54560,54561],{"id":54382,"depth":115,"text":54383},{"id":54393,"depth":115,"text":54394},{"id":54404,"depth":115,"text":54405},{"id":54494,"depth":115,"text":54495},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52877,"description":54563},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54570,"title":54571,"body":54572,"description":55816,"extension":2201,"meta":55817,"navigation":217,"path":55818,"seo":55819,"stem":55820,"__hash__":55821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54573,"toc":55781},[54574,54580,54586,54592,54594,54642,54647,54652,54656,54672,54678,54680,54683,54698,54700,54711,54713,54715,54772,54774,54782,54784,54800,54806,54808,54814,54818,54902,54905,54954,54961,54969,54972,54986,54999,55005,55080,55087,55094,55168,55176,55179,55190,55199,55203,55207,55218,55220,55297,55318,55320,55330,55333,55381,55383,55404,55407,55409,55460,55466,55473,55540,55546,55552,55555,55582,55587,55593,55596,55668,55671,55682,55688,55690,55696,55699,55705,55711,55718,55726,55732,55738,55740,55778],[10,54575,54577,54578,18],{"id":54576},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54579,11553],{},[20,54581,54582,54585],{},[15,54583,54584],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54587,54588,54589,54591],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[153,54590,11565],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[43,54593,3843],{"id":3842},[48,54595,54597],{"className":50,"code":54596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54598,54599,54619,54629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54600,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54602,8014],{"class":63},[57,54604,68],{"class":67},[57,54606,1380],{"class":93},[57,54608,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54610,107],{"class":93},[57,54612,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54614,107],{"class":93},[57,54616,2686],{"class":1023},[57,54618,288],{"class":93},[57,54620,54621,54623,54625,54627],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54622,8045],{"class":63},[57,54624,94],{"class":93},[57,54626,11614],{"class":97},[57,54628,212],{"class":93},[57,54630,54631,54633,54635,54637,54639],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54632,119],{"class":118},[57,54634,101],{"class":93},[57,54636,8045],{"class":97},[57,54638,3896],{"class":93},[57,54640,54641],{"class":132},"  # []\n",[20,54643,136,54644,54646],{},[15,54645,11553],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[43,54648,143,54650,146],{"id":54649},"what-listclear-does",[15,54651,54584],{},[20,54653,54654,1016],{},[15,54655,54584],{},[30,54657,54658,54661,54664,54669],{},[33,54659,54660],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54662,54663],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54665,54666,54667],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54668,4021],{},[33,54670,54671],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54673,54674,54675,54677],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54676,11553],{},", but it contains no values.",[43,54679,300],{"id":299},[20,54681,54682],{},"Syntax:",[48,54684,54686],{"className":50,"code":54685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54687,54688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54691,8574],{"class":63},[57,54693,94],{"class":93},[57,54695,11614],{"class":97},[57,54697,212],{"class":93},[20,54699,11690],{},[30,54701,54702,54705,54708],{},[33,54703,54704],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54706,54707],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54709,54710],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[43,54712,11707],{"id":11706},[20,54714,11710],{},[48,54716,54718],{"className":50,"code":54717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54719,54720,54744,54748,54758,54762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54721,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54723,3853],{"class":63},[57,54725,68],{"class":67},[57,54727,1380],{"class":93},[57,54729,941],{"class":1023},[57,54731,107],{"class":93},[57,54733,8025],{"class":1023},[57,54735,107],{"class":93},[57,54737,8030],{"class":1023},[57,54739,107],{"class":93},[57,54741,51079],{"class":1023},[57,54743,288],{"class":93},[57,54745,54746],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54747,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54751,3883],{"class":63},[57,54753,94],{"class":93},[57,54755,11614],{"class":97},[57,54757,212],{"class":93},[57,54759,54760],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54761,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54763,54764,54766,54768,54770],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,54765,119],{"class":118},[57,54767,101],{"class":93},[57,54769,3883],{"class":97},[57,54771,112],{"class":93},[20,54773,243],{},[48,54775,54776],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54777,54778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54779,54780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54781,1506],{"class":93},[20,54783,11916],{},[30,54785,54786,54791,54797],{},[33,54787,54788,54790],{},[15,54789,3883],{}," starts with four items",[33,54792,54793,54796],{},[15,54794,54795],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54798,54799],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54801,54802,54803,94],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[293,54804,53006],{"href":54805},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[43,54807,17653],{"id":17652},[20,54809,54810,2631,54812,94],{},[15,54811,11553],{},[15,54813,4012],{},[20,54815,41146,54816,52902],{},[153,54817,175],{},[48,54819,54821],{"className":50,"code":54820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54822,54823,54855,54859,54873,54877,54890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54826,8014],{"class":63},[57,54828,68],{"class":67},[57,54830,1380],{"class":93},[57,54832,104],{"class":71},[57,54834,293],{"class":75},[57,54836,104],{"class":71},[57,54838,107],{"class":93},[57,54840,72],{"class":71},[57,54842,664],{"class":75},[57,54844,104],{"class":71},[57,54846,107],{"class":93},[57,54848,72],{"class":71},[57,54850,673],{"class":75},[57,54852,104],{"class":71},[57,54854,288],{"class":93},[57,54856,54857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54858,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54860,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54862,2463],{"class":63},[57,54864,68],{"class":67},[57,54866,6199],{"class":63},[57,54868,94],{"class":93},[57,54870,11614],{"class":97},[57,54872,212],{"class":93},[57,54874,54875],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,54876,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,54880,119],{"class":118},[57,54882,101],{"class":93},[57,54884,8045],{"class":97},[57,54886,3896],{"class":93},[57,54888,54889],{"class":132},"   # []\n",[57,54891,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,54893,119],{"class":118},[57,54895,101],{"class":93},[57,54897,2498],{"class":97},[57,54899,3896],{"class":93},[57,54901,21111],{"class":132},[20,54903,54904],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[48,54906,54908],{"className":50,"code":54907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54909,54910,54930,54944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54913,8014],{"class":63},[57,54915,68],{"class":67},[57,54917,1380],{"class":93},[57,54919,3224],{"class":1023},[57,54921,107],{"class":93},[57,54923,1024],{"class":1023},[57,54925,107],{"class":93},[57,54927,2686],{"class":1023},[57,54929,288],{"class":93},[57,54931,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,54933,8014],{"class":63},[57,54935,68],{"class":67},[57,54937,6199],{"class":63},[57,54939,94],{"class":93},[57,54941,11614],{"class":97},[57,54943,212],{"class":93},[57,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,54947,119],{"class":118},[57,54949,101],{"class":93},[57,54951,8045],{"class":97},[57,54953,112],{"class":93},[20,54955,12148,54956,42395,54958,54960],{},[15,54957,8045],{},[15,54959,4012],{},", not an empty list.",[43,54962,54964,54966,54967],{"id":54963},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54965,11553],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54968,4021],{},[20,54970,54971],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[48,54973,54974],{"className":50,"code":54685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54975,54976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54979,8574],{"class":63},[57,54981,94],{"class":93},[57,54983,11614],{"class":97},[57,54985,212],{"class":93},[48,54987,54989],{"className":50,"code":54988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n",[15,54990,54991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54992,54993,54995,54997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54994,8543],{"class":63},[57,54996,68],{"class":67},[57,54998,8074],{"class":93},[572,55000,55002,55004],{"id":55001},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55003,11553],{}," empties the same list object",[48,55006,55008],{"className":50,"code":55007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55009,55010,55030,55038,55042,55052,55056,55068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55011,55012,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55013,2790],{"class":63},[57,55015,68],{"class":67},[57,55017,1380],{"class":93},[57,55019,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55021,107],{"class":93},[57,55023,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55025,107],{"class":93},[57,55027,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55029,288],{"class":93},[57,55031,55032,55034,55036],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55033,2818],{"class":63},[57,55035,68],{"class":67},[57,55037,36415],{"class":63},[57,55039,55040],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55041,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55043,55044,55046,55048,55050],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55045,293],{"class":63},[57,55047,94],{"class":93},[57,55049,11614],{"class":97},[57,55051,212],{"class":93},[57,55053,55054],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55055,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55057,55058,55060,55062,55064,55066],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,55059,119],{"class":118},[57,55061,101],{"class":93},[57,55063,293],{"class":97},[57,55065,3896],{"class":93},[57,55067,54641],{"class":132},[57,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,55071,119],{"class":118},[57,55073,101],{"class":93},[57,55075,664],{"class":97},[57,55077,3896],{"class":93},[57,55079,54641],{"class":132},[20,55081,10824,55082,2082,55084,55086],{},[15,55083,293],{},[15,55085,664],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[572,55088,55090,55093],{"id":55089},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55091,55092],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[48,55095,55097],{"className":50,"code":55096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55098,55099,55119,55127,55131,55139,55143,55155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55100,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55102,2790],{"class":63},[57,55104,68],{"class":67},[57,55106,1380],{"class":93},[57,55108,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55110,107],{"class":93},[57,55112,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55114,107],{"class":93},[57,55116,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55118,288],{"class":93},[57,55120,55121,55123,55125],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55122,2818],{"class":63},[57,55124,68],{"class":67},[57,55126,36415],{"class":63},[57,55128,55129],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55130,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55132,55133,55135,55137],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55134,2790],{"class":63},[57,55136,68],{"class":67},[57,55138,8074],{"class":93},[57,55140,55141],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55142,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55144,55145,55147,55149,55151,55153],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,55146,119],{"class":118},[57,55148,101],{"class":93},[57,55150,293],{"class":97},[57,55152,3896],{"class":93},[57,55154,54641],{"class":132},[57,55156,55157,55159,55161,55163,55165],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,55158,119],{"class":118},[57,55160,101],{"class":93},[57,55162,664],{"class":97},[57,55164,3896],{"class":93},[57,55166,55167],{"class":132},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55169,21006,55170,55172,55173,55175],{},[15,55171,293],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55174,664],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55177,55178],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,55180,55181,55184,55187],{},[33,55182,55183],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,55185,55186],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,55188,55189],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55191,55192,55193,94],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[293,55194,55196,55197,742],{"href":55195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55198,13008],{},[43,55200,1637,55201],{"id":12669},[15,55202,11553],{},[20,55204,136,55205,6552],{},[15,55206,11553],{},[30,55208,55209,55212,55215],{},[33,55210,55211],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,55213,55214],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,55216,55217],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55219,179],{},[48,55221,55223],{"className":50,"code":55222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55224,55225,55261,55265,55270,55281,55285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55226,55227,55230,55232,55234,55236,55239,55241,55243,55245,55248,55250,55252,55254,55257,55259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55228,55229],{"class":63},"shopping_cart ",[57,55231,68],{"class":67},[57,55233,1380],{"class":93},[57,55235,104],{"class":71},[57,55237,55238],{"class":75},"milk",[57,55240,104],{"class":71},[57,55242,107],{"class":93},[57,55244,72],{"class":71},[57,55246,55247],{"class":75},"bread",[57,55249,104],{"class":71},[57,55251,107],{"class":93},[57,55253,72],{"class":71},[57,55255,55256],{"class":75},"eggs",[57,55258,104],{"class":71},[57,55260,288],{"class":93},[57,55262,55263],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55264,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55266,55267],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55268,55269],{"class":132},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[57,55271,55272,55275,55277,55279],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55273,55274],{"class":63},"shopping_cart",[57,55276,94],{"class":93},[57,55278,11614],{"class":97},[57,55280,212],{"class":93},[57,55282,55283],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55284,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55286,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,55288,119],{"class":118},[57,55290,101],{"class":93},[57,55292,55274],{"class":97},[57,55294,3896],{"class":93},[57,55296,54641],{"class":132},[20,55298,55299,55300,55304,55305,55311,55312,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[293,55301,55303],{"href":55302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[293,55306,55308,742],{"href":55307},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55309,55310],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[293,55313,55315,742],{"href":55314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55316,55317],{},"list.pop()",[43,55319,4751],{"id":4750},[572,55321,55323,55324,11325,55327],{"id":55322},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55325,55326],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55328,55329],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55331,55332],{},"This does not call the method.",[48,55334,55336],{"className":50,"code":55335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55337,55338,55358,55362,55371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55339,55340,55342,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55341,8014],{"class":63},[57,55343,68],{"class":67},[57,55345,1380],{"class":93},[57,55347,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55349,107],{"class":93},[57,55351,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55353,107],{"class":93},[57,55355,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55357,288],{"class":93},[57,55359,55360],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55361,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55363,55364,55366,55368],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55365,8045],{"class":63},[57,55367,94],{"class":93},[57,55369,55370],{"class":24987},"clear\n",[57,55372,55373,55375,55377,55379],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55374,119],{"class":118},[57,55376,101],{"class":93},[57,55378,8045],{"class":97},[57,55380,112],{"class":93},[20,55382,243],{},[48,55384,55386],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55387,55388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55389,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55391,258],{"class":93},[57,55393,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55395,107],{"class":93},[57,55397,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55399,107],{"class":93},[57,55401,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55403,288],{"class":93},[20,55405,55406],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55408,1783],{},[48,55410,55412],{"className":50,"code":55411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55413,55414,55434,55438,55448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55415,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55417,8014],{"class":63},[57,55419,68],{"class":67},[57,55421,1380],{"class":93},[57,55423,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55425,107],{"class":93},[57,55427,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55429,107],{"class":93},[57,55431,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55433,288],{"class":93},[57,55435,55436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55437,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55439,55440,55442,55444,55446],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55441,8045],{"class":63},[57,55443,94],{"class":93},[57,55445,11614],{"class":97},[57,55447,212],{"class":93},[57,55449,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55451,119],{"class":118},[57,55453,101],{"class":93},[57,55455,8045],{"class":97},[57,55457,3896],{"class":93},[57,55459,54641],{"class":132},[572,55461,8688,55463,55465],{"id":55462},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55464,11553],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55467,55468,2631,55470,55472],{},[15,55469,11553],{},[15,55471,4012],{},", not the list.",[48,55474,55476],{"className":50,"code":55475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55477,55478,55498,55512,55516,55528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55479,55480,55482,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55481,8014],{"class":63},[57,55483,68],{"class":67},[57,55485,1380],{"class":93},[57,55487,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55489,107],{"class":93},[57,55491,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55493,107],{"class":93},[57,55495,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55497,288],{"class":93},[57,55499,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55501,2463],{"class":63},[57,55503,68],{"class":67},[57,55505,6199],{"class":63},[57,55507,94],{"class":93},[57,55509,11614],{"class":97},[57,55511,212],{"class":93},[57,55513,55514],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55515,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55517,55518,55520,55522,55524,55526],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55519,119],{"class":118},[57,55521,101],{"class":93},[57,55523,2498],{"class":97},[57,55525,3896],{"class":93},[57,55527,21111],{"class":132},[57,55529,55530,55532,55534,55536,55538],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55531,119],{"class":118},[57,55533,101],{"class":93},[57,55535,8045],{"class":97},[57,55537,3896],{"class":93},[57,55539,54889],{"class":132},[572,55541,425,55543,55545],{"id":55542},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55544,11553],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55547,55548,55549,55551],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55550,11553],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55553,55554],{},"This will fail:",[48,55556,55558],{"className":50,"code":55557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55559,55560,55572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55561,55562,55564,55566,55568,55570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55563,64],{"class":63},[57,55565,68],{"class":67},[57,55567,72],{"class":71},[57,55569,1590],{"class":75},[57,55571,79],{"class":71},[57,55573,55574,55576,55578,55580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55575,227],{"class":63},[57,55577,94],{"class":93},[57,55579,11614],{"class":97},[57,55581,212],{"class":93},[20,55583,55584,55585,33841],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55586,11553],{},[20,55588,55589,55590,55592],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55591,4012],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55594,55595],{},"Useful checks:",[48,55597,55599],{"className":50,"code":55598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55600,55601,55611,55625,55639,55648,55658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55602,55603,55605,55607,55609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55604,119],{"class":118},[57,55606,101],{"class":93},[57,55608,8574],{"class":97},[57,55610,112],{"class":93},[57,55612,55613,55615,55617,55619,55621,55623],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55614,119],{"class":118},[57,55616,101],{"class":93},[57,55618,1257],{"class":1256},[57,55620,101],{"class":93},[57,55622,8574],{"class":97},[57,55624,640],{"class":93},[57,55626,55627,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55628,119],{"class":118},[57,55630,101],{"class":93},[57,55632,12881],{"class":118},[57,55634,101],{"class":93},[57,55636,8574],{"class":97},[57,55638,640],{"class":93},[57,55640,55641,55643,55645],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55642,43784],{"class":63},[57,55644,68],{"class":67},[57,55646,55647],{"class":63}," my_list\n",[57,55649,55650,55652,55654,55656],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55651,8574],{"class":63},[57,55653,94],{"class":93},[57,55655,11614],{"class":97},[57,55657,212],{"class":93},[57,55659,55660,55662,55664,55666],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,55661,119],{"class":118},[57,55663,101],{"class":93},[57,55665,30982],{"class":97},[57,55667,112],{"class":93},[20,55669,55670],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55672,55673,55676,55679],{},[33,55674,55675],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55677,55678],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55680,55681],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55683,55684,55685,94],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[293,55686,55687],{"href":54531},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[43,55689,2075],{"id":2074},[572,55691,2099,55693,55695],{"id":55692},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55694,54584],{}," delete the list?",[20,55697,55698],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[572,55700,2099,55702,55704],{"id":55701},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55703,54584],{}," return a new list?",[20,55706,55707,55708,55710],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55709,4012],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[572,55712,2079,55714,2082,55716,2085],{"id":55713},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55715,11553],{},[15,55717,55092],{},[20,55719,55720,55722,55723,55725],{},[15,55721,11553],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55724,55092],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[572,55727,28567,55729,55731],{"id":55728},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55730,11553],{}," on other types?",[20,55733,55734,55735,55737],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55736,11553],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[43,55739,2132],{"id":2131},[30,55741,55742,55746,55751,55758,55765,55771],{},[33,55743,55744],{},[293,55745,53006],{"href":54805},[33,55747,55748],{},[293,55749,55750],{"href":55302},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55752,55753],{},[293,55754,55755,55756,742],{"href":55314},"Python list ",[15,55757,12994],{},[33,55759,55760],{},[293,55761,55755,55762,742],{"href":55307},[15,55763,55764],{},"remove()",[33,55766,55767],{},[293,55768,55755,55769,742],{"href":55195},[15,55770,13008],{},[33,55772,55773],{},[293,55774,30586,55775,33874],{"href":54531},[15,55776,55777],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2161,55779,55780],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":54963,"depth":82,"text":55790,"children":55791},"clear() vs assigning []",[55792,55794],{"id":55001,"depth":115,"text":55793},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55089,"depth":115,"text":55795},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12669,"depth":82,"text":13040},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":55798},[55799,55801,55803],{"id":55322,"depth":115,"text":55800},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55462,"depth":115,"text":55802},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55542,"depth":115,"text":55804},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":55806},[55807,55809,55811,55813],{"id":55692,"depth":115,"text":55808},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55701,"depth":115,"text":55810},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55713,"depth":115,"text":55812},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55728,"depth":115,"text":55814},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54571,"description":55816},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55823,"title":55824,"body":55825,"description":57509,"extension":2201,"meta":57510,"navigation":217,"path":57511,"seo":57512,"stem":57513,"__hash__":57514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55826,"toc":57477},[55827,55832,55838,55846,55848,55937,55944,55949,55953,55967,55969,56046,56048,56109,56112,56114,56116,56137,56140,56154,56157,56202,56204,56212,56215,56221,56227,56230,56307,56309,56354,56357,56362,56445,56447,56488,56493,56497,56503,56505,56513,56516,56609,56611,56669,56672,56688,56693,56703,56708,56710,56714,56719,56722,56724,56781,56784,56837,56843,56848,56852,56869,56871,56955,56957,56998,57006,57008,57013,57019,57021,57084,57089,57159,57163,57198,57201,57203,57242,57246,57322,57328,57334,57339,57361,57364,57383,57391,57393,57399,57402,57409,57417,57422,57425,57429,57435,57443,57446,57448,57474],[10,55828,54577,55830,18],{"id":55829},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55831,13008],{},[20,55833,55834,55837],{},[15,55835,55836],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55839,55840,55841,14285,55843,55845],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55842,68],{},[153,55844,175],{}," make a real copy.",[43,55847,46],{"id":45},[48,55849,55851],{"className":50,"code":55850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55852,55853,55873,55888,55892,55907,55911,55924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55854,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55856,3853],{"class":63},[57,55858,68],{"class":67},[57,55860,1380],{"class":93},[57,55862,3224],{"class":1023},[57,55864,107],{"class":93},[57,55866,1024],{"class":1023},[57,55868,107],{"class":93},[57,55870,2686],{"class":1023},[57,55872,288],{"class":93},[57,55874,55875,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,55876,55877],{"class":63},"new_numbers ",[57,55879,68],{"class":67},[57,55881,4495],{"class":63},[57,55883,94],{"class":93},[57,55885,13143],{"class":97},[57,55887,212],{"class":93},[57,55889,55890],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,55891,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55893,55894,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,55895,55896],{"class":63},"new_numbers",[57,55898,94],{"class":93},[57,55900,13784],{"class":97},[57,55902,101],{"class":93},[57,55904,2740],{"class":1023},[57,55906,112],{"class":93},[57,55908,55909],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,55910,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,55912,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,55914,119],{"class":118},[57,55916,101],{"class":93},[57,55918,3883],{"class":97},[57,55920,3896],{"class":93},[57,55922,55923],{"class":132},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[57,55925,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,55927,119],{"class":118},[57,55929,101],{"class":93},[57,55931,55896],{"class":97},[57,55933,3896],{"class":93},[57,55935,55936],{"class":132},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55938,136,55939,55941,55942,94],{},[15,55940,55836],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[153,55943,13082],{},[43,55945,143,55947,146],{"id":55946},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55948,55836],{},[20,55950,55951,1016],{},[15,55952,55836],{},[30,55954,55955,55958,55961,55964],{},[33,55956,55957],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55959,55960],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55962,55963],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55965,55966],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55968,179],{},[48,55970,55972],{"className":50,"code":55971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55973,55974,56006,56021,56025,56035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55977,36479],{"class":63},[57,55979,68],{"class":67},[57,55981,1380],{"class":93},[57,55983,104],{"class":71},[57,55985,836],{"class":75},[57,55987,104],{"class":71},[57,55989,107],{"class":93},[57,55991,72],{"class":71},[57,55993,845],{"class":75},[57,55995,104],{"class":71},[57,55997,107],{"class":93},[57,55999,72],{"class":71},[57,56001,33461],{"class":75},[57,56003,104],{"class":71},[57,56005,288],{"class":93},[57,56007,56008,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56009,56010],{"class":63},"copied_fruits ",[57,56012,68],{"class":67},[57,56014,53086],{"class":63},[57,56016,94],{"class":93},[57,56018,13143],{"class":97},[57,56020,212],{"class":93},[57,56022,56023],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56024,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56026,56027,56029,56031,56033],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56028,119],{"class":118},[57,56030,101],{"class":93},[57,56032,36531],{"class":97},[57,56034,112],{"class":93},[57,56036,56037,56039,56041,56044],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,56038,119],{"class":118},[57,56040,101],{"class":93},[57,56042,56043],{"class":97},"copied_fruits",[57,56045,112],{"class":93},[20,56047,243],{},[48,56049,56051],{"className":50,"code":56050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56052,56053,56081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56054,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56056,258],{"class":93},[57,56058,261],{"class":71},[57,56060,836],{"class":75},[57,56062,261],{"class":71},[57,56064,107],{"class":93},[57,56066,271],{"class":71},[57,56068,845],{"class":75},[57,56070,261],{"class":71},[57,56072,107],{"class":93},[57,56074,271],{"class":71},[57,56076,33461],{"class":75},[57,56078,261],{"class":71},[57,56080,288],{"class":93},[57,56082,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56084,258],{"class":93},[57,56086,261],{"class":71},[57,56088,836],{"class":75},[57,56090,261],{"class":71},[57,56092,107],{"class":93},[57,56094,271],{"class":71},[57,56096,845],{"class":75},[57,56098,261],{"class":71},[57,56100,107],{"class":93},[57,56102,271],{"class":71},[57,56104,33461],{"class":75},[57,56106,261],{"class":71},[57,56108,288],{"class":93},[20,56110,56111],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[43,56113,300],{"id":299},[20,56115,2395],{},[48,56117,56119],{"className":50,"code":56118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56120,56121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56122,56123,56126,56128,56131,56133,56135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56124,56125],{"class":63},"new_list ",[57,56127,68],{"class":67},[57,56129,56130],{"class":63}," old_list",[57,56132,94],{"class":93},[57,56134,13143],{"class":97},[57,56136,212],{"class":93},[20,56138,56139],{},"How it works:",[30,56141,56142,56148,56151],{},[33,56143,56144,56145,56147],{},"Call ",[15,56146,13008],{}," on an existing list",[33,56149,56150],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,56152,56153],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56155,56156],{},"Example with an empty list:",[48,56158,56160],{"className":50,"code":56159,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56161,56162,56171,56187,56191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56163,56164,56167,56169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56165,56166],{"class":63},"empty_list ",[57,56168,68],{"class":67},[57,56170,8074],{"class":93},[57,56172,56173,56176,56178,56181,56183,56185],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56174,56175],{"class":63},"new_empty_list ",[57,56177,68],{"class":67},[57,56179,56180],{"class":63}," empty_list",[57,56182,94],{"class":93},[57,56184,13143],{"class":97},[57,56186,212],{"class":93},[57,56188,56189],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56190,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56192,56193,56195,56197,56200],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56194,119],{"class":118},[57,56196,101],{"class":93},[57,56198,56199],{"class":97},"new_empty_list",[57,56201,112],{"class":93},[20,56203,243],{},[48,56205,56206],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,56207,56208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56209,56210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56211,1506],{"class":93},[20,56213,56214],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[43,56216,56218,56219],{"id":56217},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56220,68],{},[20,56222,425,56223,14285,56225,52902],{},[15,56224,68],{},[153,56226,175],{},[20,56228,56229],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[48,56231,56233],{"className":50,"code":56232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56234,56235,56255,56264,56268,56283,56287,56297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56236,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56238,3853],{"class":63},[57,56240,68],{"class":67},[57,56242,1380],{"class":93},[57,56244,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56246,107],{"class":93},[57,56248,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56250,107],{"class":93},[57,56252,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56254,288],{"class":93},[57,56256,56257,56260,56262],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56258,56259],{"class":63},"same_list ",[57,56261,68],{"class":67},[57,56263,44217],{"class":63},[57,56265,56266],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56267,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56269,56270,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56271,56272],{"class":63},"same_list",[57,56274,94],{"class":93},[57,56276,13784],{"class":97},[57,56278,101],{"class":93},[57,56280,2740],{"class":1023},[57,56282,112],{"class":93},[57,56284,56285],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,56286,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56288,56289,56291,56293,56295],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,56290,119],{"class":118},[57,56292,101],{"class":93},[57,56294,3883],{"class":97},[57,56296,112],{"class":93},[57,56298,56299,56301,56303,56305],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,56300,119],{"class":118},[57,56302,101],{"class":93},[57,56304,56272],{"class":97},[57,56306,112],{"class":93},[20,56308,243],{},[48,56310,56312],{"className":50,"code":56311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56313,56314,56334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56315,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56317,258],{"class":93},[57,56319,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56321,107],{"class":93},[57,56323,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56325,107],{"class":93},[57,56327,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56329,107],{"class":93},[57,56331,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56333,288],{"class":93},[57,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56337,258],{"class":93},[57,56339,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56341,107],{"class":93},[57,56343,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56345,107],{"class":93},[57,56347,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56349,107],{"class":93},[57,56351,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56353,288],{"class":93},[20,56355,56356],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56358,56359,56360,1016],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56361,13008],{},[48,56363,56365],{"className":50,"code":56364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56366,56367,56387,56402,56406,56421,56425,56435],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56368,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56370,3853],{"class":63},[57,56372,68],{"class":67},[57,56374,1380],{"class":93},[57,56376,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56378,107],{"class":93},[57,56380,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56382,107],{"class":93},[57,56384,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56386,288],{"class":93},[57,56388,56389,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56390,56391],{"class":63},"copied_numbers ",[57,56393,68],{"class":67},[57,56395,4495],{"class":63},[57,56397,94],{"class":93},[57,56399,13143],{"class":97},[57,56401,212],{"class":93},[57,56403,56404],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56405,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56407,56408,56411,56413,56415,56417,56419],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56409,56410],{"class":63},"copied_numbers",[57,56412,94],{"class":93},[57,56414,13784],{"class":97},[57,56416,101],{"class":93},[57,56418,2740],{"class":1023},[57,56420,112],{"class":93},[57,56422,56423],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,56424,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56426,56427,56429,56431,56433],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,56428,119],{"class":118},[57,56430,101],{"class":93},[57,56432,3883],{"class":97},[57,56434,112],{"class":93},[57,56436,56437,56439,56441,56443],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,56438,119],{"class":118},[57,56440,101],{"class":93},[57,56442,56410],{"class":97},[57,56444,112],{"class":93},[20,56446,243],{},[48,56448,56450],{"className":50,"code":56449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56451,56452,56468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56455,258],{"class":93},[57,56457,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56459,107],{"class":93},[57,56461,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56463,107],{"class":93},[57,56465,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56467,288],{"class":93},[57,56469,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56471,258],{"class":93},[57,56473,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56475,107],{"class":93},[57,56477,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56479,107],{"class":93},[57,56481,2686],{"class":1023},[57,56483,107],{"class":93},[57,56485,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56487,288],{"class":93},[20,56489,56490,56491,94],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[293,56492,53006],{"href":51214},[43,56494,56496],{"id":56495},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56498,56499,13079,56501,94],{},[15,56500,55836],{},[153,56502,13082],{},[20,56504,2343],{},[30,56506,56507,56510],{},[33,56508,56509],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56511,56512],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56514,56515],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[48,56517,56519],{"className":50,"code":56518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56520,56521,56548,56562,56566,56585,56589,56599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56522,56523,56525,56527,56530,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56524,12318],{"class":63},[57,56526,68],{"class":67},[57,56528,56529],{"class":93}," [[",[57,56531,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56533,107],{"class":93},[57,56535,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56537,18296],{"class":93},[57,56539,1380],{"class":93},[57,56541,2299],{"class":1023},[57,56543,107],{"class":93},[57,56545,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56547,53477],{"class":93},[57,56549,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56551,14543],{"class":63},[57,56553,68],{"class":67},[57,56555,12393],{"class":63},[57,56557,94],{"class":93},[57,56559,13143],{"class":97},[57,56561,212],{"class":93},[57,56563,56564],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56565,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56567,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56583],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56569,14562],{"class":63},[57,56571,258],{"class":93},[57,56573,1277],{"class":1023},[57,56575,13781],{"class":93},[57,56577,13784],{"class":97},[57,56579,101],{"class":93},[57,56581,56582],{"class":1023},"99",[57,56584,112],{"class":93},[57,56586,56587],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,56588,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56590,56591,56593,56595,56597],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,56592,119],{"class":118},[57,56594,101],{"class":93},[57,56596,12365],{"class":97},[57,56598,112],{"class":93},[57,56600,56601,56603,56605,56607],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,56602,119],{"class":118},[57,56604,101],{"class":93},[57,56606,14562],{"class":97},[57,56608,112],{"class":93},[20,56610,243],{},[48,56612,56614],{"className":50,"code":56613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56615,56616,56643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56617,56618,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56619,56620],{"class":93},"[[",[57,56622,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56624,107],{"class":93},[57,56626,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56628,107],{"class":93},[57,56630,10432],{"class":1023},[57,56632,18296],{"class":93},[57,56634,1380],{"class":93},[57,56636,2299],{"class":1023},[57,56638,107],{"class":93},[57,56640,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56642,53477],{"class":93},[57,56644,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56646,56620],{"class":93},[57,56648,3224],{"class":1023},[57,56650,107],{"class":93},[57,56652,1024],{"class":1023},[57,56654,107],{"class":93},[57,56656,10432],{"class":1023},[57,56658,18296],{"class":93},[57,56660,1380],{"class":93},[57,56662,2299],{"class":1023},[57,56664,107],{"class":93},[57,56666,2692],{"class":1023},[57,56668,53477],{"class":93},[20,56670,56671],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56673,56674,56681],{},[33,56675,56676,2082,56678,56680],{},[15,56677,12365],{},[15,56679,14562],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56682,56683,56684,56687],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56685,56686],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56689,53888,56690,56692],{},[15,56691,13008],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56694,56695,56698,56701],{},[33,56696,56697],{},"Numbers",[33,56699,56700],{},"Strings",[33,56702,40835],{},[20,56704,56705,56706,94],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[293,56707,14022],{"href":14021},[43,56709,17653],{"id":17652},[20,56711,56712,2108],{},[15,56713,55836],{},[20,56715,41146,56716,56718],{},[153,56717,175],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56720,56721],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56723,16889],{},[48,56725,56727],{"className":50,"code":56726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56728,56729,56753,56767,56771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56730,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56732,13308],{"class":63},[57,56734,68],{"class":67},[57,56736,1380],{"class":93},[57,56738,104],{"class":71},[57,56740,264],{"class":75},[57,56742,104],{"class":71},[57,56744,107],{"class":93},[57,56746,72],{"class":71},[57,56748,274],{"class":75},[57,56750,104],{"class":71},[57,56752,288],{"class":93},[57,56754,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56756,13349],{"class":63},[57,56758,68],{"class":67},[57,56760,13354],{"class":63},[57,56762,94],{"class":93},[57,56764,13143],{"class":97},[57,56766,212],{"class":93},[57,56768,56769],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56770,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56772,56773,56775,56777,56779],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56774,119],{"class":118},[57,56776,101],{"class":93},[57,56778,13373],{"class":97},[57,56780,112],{"class":93},[20,56782,56783],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[48,56785,56787],{"className":50,"code":56786,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56788,56789,56813,56823,56827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56790,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56792,13308],{"class":63},[57,56794,68],{"class":67},[57,56796,1380],{"class":93},[57,56798,104],{"class":71},[57,56800,264],{"class":75},[57,56802,104],{"class":71},[57,56804,107],{"class":93},[57,56806,72],{"class":71},[57,56808,274],{"class":75},[57,56810,104],{"class":71},[57,56812,288],{"class":93},[57,56814,56815,56817,56819,56821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56816,17736],{"class":63},[57,56818,94],{"class":93},[57,56820,13143],{"class":97},[57,56822,212],{"class":93},[57,56824,56825],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56826,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56828,56829,56831,56833,56835],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56830,119],{"class":118},[57,56832,101],{"class":93},[57,56834,17736],{"class":97},[57,56836,112],{"class":93},[20,56838,56839,56840,56842],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56841,13008],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[43,56844,1637,56846],{"id":56845},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56847,55836],{},[20,56849,136,56850,10835],{},[15,56851,55836],{},[30,56853,56854,56857,56860,56863],{},[33,56855,56856],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56858,56859],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56861,56862],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56864,56865,56866],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56867,56868],{},"[:]",[20,56870,179],{},[48,56872,56874],{"className":50,"code":56873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56875,56876,56896,56911,56915,56930,56934,56944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56879,5296],{"class":63},[57,56881,68],{"class":67},[57,56883,1380],{"class":93},[57,56885,941],{"class":1023},[57,56887,107],{"class":93},[57,56889,8025],{"class":1023},[57,56891,107],{"class":93},[57,56893,8030],{"class":1023},[57,56895,288],{"class":93},[57,56897,56898,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56899,56900],{"class":63},"backup_scores ",[57,56902,68],{"class":67},[57,56904,5343],{"class":63},[57,56906,94],{"class":93},[57,56908,13143],{"class":97},[57,56910,212],{"class":93},[57,56912,56913],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,56914,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56916,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56928],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,56918,16622],{"class":63},[57,56920,94],{"class":93},[57,56922,13784],{"class":97},[57,56924,101],{"class":93},[57,56926,56927],{"class":1023},"40",[57,56929,112],{"class":93},[57,56931,56932],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,56933,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,56935,56936,56938,56940,56942],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,56937,119],{"class":118},[57,56939,101],{"class":93},[57,56941,16622],{"class":97},[57,56943,112],{"class":93},[57,56945,56946,56948,56950,56953],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,56947,119],{"class":118},[57,56949,101],{"class":93},[57,56951,56952],{"class":97},"backup_scores",[57,56954,112],{"class":93},[20,56956,243],{},[48,56958,56960],{"className":50,"code":56959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56961,56962,56982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56963,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56965,258],{"class":93},[57,56967,941],{"class":1023},[57,56969,107],{"class":93},[57,56971,8025],{"class":1023},[57,56973,107],{"class":93},[57,56975,8030],{"class":1023},[57,56977,107],{"class":93},[57,56979,51079],{"class":1023},[57,56981,288],{"class":93},[57,56983,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,56985,258],{"class":93},[57,56987,941],{"class":1023},[57,56989,107],{"class":93},[57,56991,8025],{"class":1023},[57,56993,107],{"class":93},[57,56995,8030],{"class":1023},[57,56997,288],{"class":93},[20,56999,57000,57001,94],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[293,57002,55755,57004,742],{"href":57003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57005,52887],{},[43,57007,4751],{"id":4750},[20,57009,57010,57011,94],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57012,55836],{},[572,57014,425,57016,57018],{"id":57015},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57017,68],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57020,39439],{},[48,57022,57024],{"className":50,"code":57023,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57025,57026,57046,57054,57068,57072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57027,57028,57030,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57029,2790],{"class":63},[57,57031,68],{"class":67},[57,57033,1380],{"class":93},[57,57035,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57037,107],{"class":93},[57,57039,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57041,107],{"class":93},[57,57043,2686],{"class":1023},[57,57045,288],{"class":93},[57,57047,57048,57050,57052],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57049,2818],{"class":63},[57,57051,68],{"class":67},[57,57053,36415],{"class":63},[57,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,57057,664],{"class":63},[57,57059,94],{"class":93},[57,57061,13784],{"class":97},[57,57063,101],{"class":93},[57,57065,2740],{"class":1023},[57,57067,112],{"class":93},[57,57069,57070],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,57071,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,57073,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,57075,119],{"class":118},[57,57077,101],{"class":93},[57,57079,293],{"class":97},[57,57081,3896],{"class":93},[57,57083,55936],{"class":132},[20,57085,57086,57087,6866],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57088,13008],{},[48,57090,57092],{"className":50,"code":57091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57093,57094,57114,57129,57143,57147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57095,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57097,2790],{"class":63},[57,57099,68],{"class":67},[57,57101,1380],{"class":93},[57,57103,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57105,107],{"class":93},[57,57107,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57109,107],{"class":93},[57,57111,2686],{"class":1023},[57,57113,288],{"class":93},[57,57115,57116,57118,57120,57123,57125,57127],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57117,2818],{"class":63},[57,57119,68],{"class":67},[57,57121,57122],{"class":63}," a",[57,57124,94],{"class":93},[57,57126,13143],{"class":97},[57,57128,212],{"class":93},[57,57130,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,57132,664],{"class":63},[57,57134,94],{"class":93},[57,57136,13784],{"class":97},[57,57138,101],{"class":93},[57,57140,2740],{"class":1023},[57,57142,112],{"class":93},[57,57144,57145],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,57146,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,57148,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,57150,119],{"class":118},[57,57152,101],{"class":93},[57,57154,293],{"class":97},[57,57156,3896],{"class":93},[57,57158,55167],{"class":132},[572,57160,57162],{"id":57161},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[48,57164,57166],{"className":50,"code":57165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57167,57168,57188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57169,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57171,3853],{"class":63},[57,57173,68],{"class":67},[57,57175,1380],{"class":93},[57,57177,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57179,107],{"class":93},[57,57181,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57183,107],{"class":93},[57,57185,2686],{"class":1023},[57,57187,288],{"class":93},[57,57189,57190,57192,57194,57196],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57191,3883],{"class":63},[57,57193,94],{"class":93},[57,57195,13143],{"class":97},[57,57197,212],{"class":93},[20,57199,57200],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57202,39502],{},[48,57204,57206],{"className":50,"code":57205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57207,57208,57228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57209,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57211,3853],{"class":63},[57,57213,68],{"class":67},[57,57215,1380],{"class":93},[57,57217,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57219,107],{"class":93},[57,57221,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57223,107],{"class":93},[57,57225,2686],{"class":1023},[57,57227,288],{"class":93},[57,57229,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57231,56391],{"class":63},[57,57233,68],{"class":67},[57,57235,4495],{"class":63},[57,57237,94],{"class":93},[57,57239,13143],{"class":97},[57,57241,212],{"class":93},[572,57243,57245],{"id":57244},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[48,57247,57249],{"className":50,"code":57248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57250,57251,57269,57283,57287,57305,57309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57252,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57254,2790],{"class":63},[57,57256,68],{"class":67},[57,57258,56529],{"class":93},[57,57260,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57262,18296],{"class":93},[57,57264,1380],{"class":93},[57,57266,1931],{"class":1023},[57,57268,53477],{"class":93},[57,57270,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57272,2818],{"class":63},[57,57274,68],{"class":67},[57,57276,57122],{"class":63},[57,57278,94],{"class":93},[57,57280,13143],{"class":97},[57,57282,212],{"class":93},[57,57284,57285],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,57286,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,57288,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,57290,664],{"class":63},[57,57292,258],{"class":93},[57,57294,1277],{"class":1023},[57,57296,13781],{"class":93},[57,57298,13784],{"class":97},[57,57300,101],{"class":93},[57,57302,56582],{"class":1023},[57,57304,112],{"class":93},[57,57306,57307],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,57308,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,57310,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,57312,119],{"class":118},[57,57314,101],{"class":93},[57,57316,293],{"class":97},[57,57318,3896],{"class":93},[57,57320,57321],{"class":132},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57323,57324,57325,57327],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57326,55836],{}," is shallow.",[572,57329,25854,57331,57333],{"id":57330},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57332,13008],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57335,57336,57338],{},[15,57337,13008],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[48,57340,57342],{"className":50,"code":57341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57343,57344,57356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57345,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57347,8112],{"class":63},[57,57349,68],{"class":67},[57,57351,72],{"class":71},[57,57353,5236],{"class":75},[57,57355,79],{"class":71},[57,57357,57358],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57359,57360],{"class":132},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57362,57363],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[48,57365,57367],{"className":50,"code":57366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57368,57369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57370,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57372,119],{"class":118},[57,57374,101],{"class":93},[57,57376,1257],{"class":1256},[57,57378,101],{"class":93},[57,57380,1056],{"class":97},[57,57382,640],{"class":93},[20,57384,57385,57386,57390],{},"You can also review ",[293,57387,57389],{"href":57388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[43,57392,2075],{"id":2074},[572,57394,2099,57396,57398],{"id":57395},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57397,55836],{}," change the original list?",[20,57400,57401],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[572,57403,2079,57405,2082,57407,2085],{"id":57404},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57406,55836],{},[15,57408,68],{},[20,57410,57411,57413,57414,57416],{},[15,57412,13008],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57415,68],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[572,57418,15135,57420,15138],{"id":57419},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57421,55836],{},[20,57423,57424],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[572,57426,57428],{"id":57427},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57430,42392,57431,57434],{},[15,57432,57433],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[572,57436,15135,57438,57440,57441,2085],{"id":57437},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57439,55836],{}," the same as ",[15,57442,56868],{},[20,57444,57445],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[43,57447,2132],{"id":2131},[30,57449,57450,57455,57459,57464,57470],{},[33,57451,57452],{},[293,57453,15197],{"href":57454},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,57456,57457],{},[293,57458,53006],{"href":51214},[33,57460,57461],{},[293,57462,57463],{"href":57388},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57465,57466],{},[293,57467,55755,57468,742],{"href":57003},[15,57469,52887],{},[33,57471,57472],{},[293,57473,14022],{"href":14021},[2161,57475,57476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":57478},[57479,57480,57482,57483,57485,57486,57487,57489,57497,57508],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":55946,"depth":82,"text":57481},"What list.copy() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":56217,"depth":82,"text":57484},"Why not use =",{"id":56495,"depth":82,"text":56496},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":56845,"depth":82,"text":57488},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":57490},[57491,57493,57494,57495],{"id":57015,"depth":115,"text":57492},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57161,"depth":115,"text":57162},{"id":57244,"depth":115,"text":57245},{"id":57330,"depth":115,"text":57496},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":57498},[57499,57501,57503,57505,57506],{"id":57395,"depth":115,"text":57500},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57404,"depth":115,"text":57502},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57419,"depth":115,"text":57504},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57427,"depth":115,"text":57428},{"id":57437,"depth":115,"text":57507},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55824,"description":57509},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57516,"title":57517,"body":57518,"description":59258,"extension":2201,"meta":59259,"navigation":217,"path":59260,"seo":59261,"stem":59262,"__hash__":59263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57519,"toc":59217},[57520,57526,57532,57535,57546,57549,57551,57614,57620,57625,57629,57643,57646,57651,57656,57658,57660,57679,57691,57693,57760,57762,57770,57775,57777,57785,57788,57805,57807,57931,57942,57946,57951,57954,57956,57974,57978,58064,58073,58081,58150,58152,58155,58167,58172,58176,58247,58250,58254,58258,58323,58325,58333,58337,58418,58420,58428,58432,58493,58495,58503,58507,58594,58596,58604,58609,58614,58617,58628,58630,58715,58720,58729,58731,58735,58739,58744,58806,58810,58818,58824,58833,58838,58887,58890,58911,58915,58977,58984,58989,58992,59079,59082,59093,59096,59116,59118,59124,59127,59131,59135,59141,59144,59150,59157,59165,59176,59178,59214],[10,57521,54577,57523,18],{"id":57522},"python-list-count-method",[15,57524,57525],{},"count()",[20,57527,57528,57531],{},[15,57529,57530],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57533,57534],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,57536,57537,57540,57543],{},[33,57538,57539],{},"count one specific item",[33,57541,57542],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,57544,57545],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57547,57548],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[43,57550,3843],{"id":3842},[48,57552,57554],{"className":50,"code":57553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57555,57556,57584,57602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57557,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57559,3853],{"class":63},[57,57561,68],{"class":67},[57,57563,1380],{"class":93},[57,57565,3224],{"class":1023},[57,57567,107],{"class":93},[57,57569,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57571,107],{"class":93},[57,57573,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57575,107],{"class":93},[57,57577,2686],{"class":1023},[57,57579,107],{"class":93},[57,57581,1024],{"class":1023},[57,57583,288],{"class":93},[57,57585,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57587,2463],{"class":63},[57,57589,68],{"class":67},[57,57591,4495],{"class":63},[57,57593,94],{"class":93},[57,57595,41500],{"class":97},[57,57597,101],{"class":93},[57,57599,1931],{"class":1023},[57,57601,112],{"class":93},[57,57603,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,57605,119],{"class":118},[57,57607,101],{"class":93},[57,57609,2498],{"class":97},[57,57611,3896],{"class":93},[57,57613,51006],{"class":132},[20,57615,136,57616,57619],{},[15,57617,57618],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[43,57621,143,57623,146],{"id":57622},"what-listcount-does",[15,57624,57530],{},[20,57626,57627,1016],{},[15,57628,57530],{},[30,57630,57631,57634,57637,57640],{},[33,57632,57633],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57635,57636],{},"returns an integer",[33,57638,57639],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57641,57642],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57644,57645],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57647,57648,57649,94],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57650,2299],{},[20,57652,57653,57654,94],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57655,1277],{},[43,57657,300],{"id":299},[20,57659,2395],{},[48,57661,57663],{"className":50,"code":57662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57664,57665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57666,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57668,8574],{"class":63},[57,57670,94],{"class":93},[57,57672,41500],{"class":97},[57,57674,101],{"class":93},[57,57676,2708],{"class":97},[57,57678,112],{"class":93},[30,57680,57681,57686],{},[33,57682,57683,57685],{},[15,57684,8574],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57687,57688,57690],{},[15,57689,2708],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57692,179],{},[48,57694,57696],{"className":50,"code":57695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57697,57698,57738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57699,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57701,36330],{"class":63},[57,57703,68],{"class":67},[57,57705,1380],{"class":93},[57,57707,104],{"class":71},[57,57709,293],{"class":75},[57,57711,104],{"class":71},[57,57713,107],{"class":93},[57,57715,72],{"class":71},[57,57717,664],{"class":75},[57,57719,104],{"class":71},[57,57721,107],{"class":93},[57,57723,72],{"class":71},[57,57725,293],{"class":75},[57,57727,104],{"class":71},[57,57729,107],{"class":93},[57,57731,72],{"class":71},[57,57733,673],{"class":75},[57,57735,104],{"class":71},[57,57737,288],{"class":93},[57,57739,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57741,119],{"class":118},[57,57743,101],{"class":93},[57,57745,36383],{"class":97},[57,57747,94],{"class":93},[57,57749,41500],{"class":97},[57,57751,101],{"class":93},[57,57753,104],{"class":71},[57,57755,293],{"class":75},[57,57757,104],{"class":71},[57,57759,640],{"class":93},[20,57761,243],{},[48,57763,57764],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57765,57766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57767,57768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57769,17290],{"class":1023},[20,57771,57772,57773,94],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57774,1277],{},[43,57776,38261],{"id":38260},[20,57778,57779,57780,57782,57783,94],{},"The return value from ",[15,57781,57525],{}," is always an ",[15,57784,2423],{},[20,57786,57787],{},"Possible results:",[30,57789,57790,57795,57800],{},[33,57791,57792,57794],{},[15,57793,1277],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57796,57797,57799],{},[15,57798,3224],{}," if it appears once",[33,57801,57802,57804],{},[15,57803,1931],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57806,179],{},[48,57808,57810],{"className":50,"code":57809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57811,57812,57852,57856,57881,57906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57813,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57815,13308],{"class":63},[57,57817,68],{"class":67},[57,57819,1380],{"class":93},[57,57821,104],{"class":71},[57,57823,264],{"class":75},[57,57825,104],{"class":71},[57,57827,107],{"class":93},[57,57829,72],{"class":71},[57,57831,274],{"class":75},[57,57833,104],{"class":71},[57,57835,107],{"class":93},[57,57837,72],{"class":71},[57,57839,283],{"class":75},[57,57841,104],{"class":71},[57,57843,107],{"class":93},[57,57845,72],{"class":71},[57,57847,274],{"class":75},[57,57849,104],{"class":71},[57,57851,288],{"class":93},[57,57853,57854],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,57855,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,57859,119],{"class":118},[57,57861,101],{"class":93},[57,57863,17736],{"class":97},[57,57865,94],{"class":93},[57,57867,41500],{"class":97},[57,57869,101],{"class":93},[57,57871,104],{"class":71},[57,57873,274],{"class":75},[57,57875,104],{"class":71},[57,57877,5594],{"class":93},[57,57879,57880],{"class":132},"   # 2\n",[57,57882,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,57884,119],{"class":118},[57,57886,101],{"class":93},[57,57888,17736],{"class":97},[57,57890,94],{"class":93},[57,57892,41500],{"class":97},[57,57894,101],{"class":93},[57,57896,104],{"class":71},[57,57898,264],{"class":75},[57,57900,104],{"class":71},[57,57902,5594],{"class":93},[57,57904,57905],{"class":132},"    # 1\n",[57,57907,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,57909,119],{"class":118},[57,57911,101],{"class":93},[57,57913,17736],{"class":97},[57,57915,94],{"class":93},[57,57917,41500],{"class":97},[57,57919,101],{"class":93},[57,57921,104],{"class":71},[57,57923,22760],{"class":75},[57,57925,104],{"class":71},[57,57927,5594],{"class":93},[57,57929,57930],{"class":132}," # 0\n",[20,57932,57933,57934,57936,57937,57939,57940,94],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57935,57525],{}," works, but using ",[15,57938,4117],{}," is often simpler. See ",[293,57941,6432],{"href":6431},[43,57943,57945],{"id":57944},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57947,57948,57950],{},[15,57949,57530],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57952,57953],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57955,43885],{},[30,57957,57958,57961,57964,57971],{},[33,57959,57960],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57962,57963],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57965,57966,2082,57968,57970],{},[15,57967,3224],{},[15,57969,3838],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57972,57973],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[572,57975,57977],{"id":57976},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[48,57979,57981],{"className":50,"code":57980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57982,57983,58016,58040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57984,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57986,4304],{"class":63},[57,57988,68],{"class":67},[57,57990,1380],{"class":93},[57,57992,104],{"class":71},[57,57994,836],{"class":75},[57,57996,104],{"class":71},[57,57998,107],{"class":93},[57,58000,72],{"class":71},[57,58002,58003],{"class":75},"Apple",[57,58005,104],{"class":71},[57,58007,107],{"class":93},[57,58009,72],{"class":71},[57,58011,836],{"class":75},[57,58013,104],{"class":71},[57,58015,288],{"class":93},[57,58017,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58019,119],{"class":118},[57,58021,101],{"class":93},[57,58023,4345],{"class":97},[57,58025,94],{"class":93},[57,58027,41500],{"class":97},[57,58029,101],{"class":93},[57,58031,104],{"class":71},[57,58033,836],{"class":75},[57,58035,104],{"class":71},[57,58037,5594],{"class":93},[57,58039,51650],{"class":132},[57,58041,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58043,119],{"class":118},[57,58045,101],{"class":93},[57,58047,4345],{"class":97},[57,58049,94],{"class":93},[57,58051,41500],{"class":97},[57,58053,101],{"class":93},[57,58055,104],{"class":71},[57,58057,58003],{"class":75},[57,58059,104],{"class":71},[57,58061,5594],{"class":93},[57,58063,28018],{"class":132},[20,58065,58066,2082,58069,58072],{},[15,58067,58068],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58070,58071],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[572,58074,58076,2082,58078,58080],{"id":58075},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58077,3224],{},[15,58079,3838],{}," can match",[48,58082,58084],{"className":50,"code":58083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58085,58086,58110,58130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58087,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58089,4057],{"class":63},[57,58091,68],{"class":67},[57,58093,1380],{"class":93},[57,58095,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58097,107],{"class":93},[57,58099,4149],{"class":4085},[57,58101,107],{"class":93},[57,58103,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58105,107],{"class":93},[57,58107,1143],{"class":1023},[57,58109,288],{"class":93},[57,58111,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58113,119],{"class":118},[57,58115,101],{"class":93},[57,58117,5591],{"class":97},[57,58119,94],{"class":93},[57,58121,41500],{"class":97},[57,58123,101],{"class":93},[57,58125,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58127,5594],{"class":93},[57,58129,51154],{"class":132},[57,58131,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58133,119],{"class":118},[57,58135,101],{"class":93},[57,58137,5591],{"class":97},[57,58139,94],{"class":93},[57,58141,41500],{"class":97},[57,58143,101],{"class":93},[57,58145,3838],{"class":4085},[57,58147,5594],{"class":93},[57,58149,51006],{"class":132},[20,58151,4642],{},[20,58153,58154],{},"In Python:",[30,58156,58157,58162],{},[33,58158,58159],{},[15,58160,58161],{},"True == 1",[33,58163,58164],{},[15,58165,58166],{},"False == 0",[20,58168,53888,58169,58171],{},[15,58170,57525],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[572,58173,58175],{"id":58174},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[48,58177,58179],{"className":50,"code":58178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58180,58181,58223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58182,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58184,8014],{"class":63},[57,58186,68],{"class":67},[57,58188,56529],{"class":93},[57,58190,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58192,107],{"class":93},[57,58194,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58196,18296],{"class":93},[57,58198,1380],{"class":93},[57,58200,2299],{"class":1023},[57,58202,107],{"class":93},[57,58204,2692],{"class":1023},[57,58206,18296],{"class":93},[57,58208,1380],{"class":93},[57,58210,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58212,107],{"class":93},[57,58214,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58216,18296],{"class":93},[57,58218,1380],{"class":93},[57,58220,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58222,53477],{"class":93},[57,58224,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58226,119],{"class":118},[57,58228,101],{"class":93},[57,58230,8045],{"class":97},[57,58232,94],{"class":93},[57,58234,41500],{"class":97},[57,58236,3221],{"class":93},[57,58238,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58240,107],{"class":93},[57,58242,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58244,4968],{"class":93},[57,58246,51650],{"class":132},[20,58248,58249],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[43,58251,58253],{"id":58252},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[572,58255,58257],{"id":58256},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[48,58259,58261],{"className":50,"code":58260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58262,58263,58291,58309,58313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58264,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58266,3853],{"class":63},[57,58268,68],{"class":67},[57,58270,1380],{"class":93},[57,58272,941],{"class":1023},[57,58274,107],{"class":93},[57,58276,8025],{"class":1023},[57,58278,107],{"class":93},[57,58280,6238],{"class":1023},[57,58282,107],{"class":93},[57,58284,8030],{"class":1023},[57,58286,107],{"class":93},[57,58288,6238],{"class":1023},[57,58290,288],{"class":93},[57,58292,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58294,2463],{"class":63},[57,58296,68],{"class":67},[57,58298,4495],{"class":63},[57,58300,94],{"class":93},[57,58302,41500],{"class":97},[57,58304,101],{"class":93},[57,58306,941],{"class":1023},[57,58308,112],{"class":93},[57,58310,58311],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58312,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,58314,58315,58317,58319,58321],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,58316,119],{"class":118},[57,58318,101],{"class":93},[57,58320,2498],{"class":97},[57,58322,112],{"class":93},[20,58324,243],{},[48,58326,58327],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58328,58329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58330,58331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58332,46853],{"class":1023},[572,58334,58336],{"id":58335},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[48,58338,58340],{"className":50,"code":58339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58341,58342,58382,58404,58408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58343,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58345,4304],{"class":63},[57,58347,68],{"class":67},[57,58349,1380],{"class":93},[57,58351,104],{"class":71},[57,58353,1296],{"class":75},[57,58355,104],{"class":71},[57,58357,107],{"class":93},[57,58359,72],{"class":71},[57,58361,1305],{"class":75},[57,58363,104],{"class":71},[57,58365,107],{"class":93},[57,58367,72],{"class":71},[57,58369,1296],{"class":75},[57,58371,104],{"class":71},[57,58373,107],{"class":93},[57,58375,72],{"class":71},[57,58377,1314],{"class":75},[57,58379,104],{"class":71},[57,58381,288],{"class":93},[57,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58385,2463],{"class":63},[57,58387,68],{"class":67},[57,58389,6402],{"class":63},[57,58391,94],{"class":93},[57,58393,41500],{"class":97},[57,58395,101],{"class":93},[57,58397,104],{"class":71},[57,58399,1296],{"class":75},[57,58401,104],{"class":71},[57,58403,112],{"class":93},[57,58405,58406],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58407,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,58409,58410,58412,58414,58416],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,58411,119],{"class":118},[57,58413,101],{"class":93},[57,58415,2498],{"class":97},[57,58417,112],{"class":93},[20,58419,243],{},[48,58421,58422],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58423,58424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58425,58426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58427,17290],{"class":1023},[572,58429,58431],{"id":58430},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[48,58433,58435],{"className":50,"code":58434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58436,58437,58461,58479,58483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58438,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58440,3853],{"class":63},[57,58442,68],{"class":67},[57,58444,1380],{"class":93},[57,58446,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58448,107],{"class":93},[57,58450,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58452,107],{"class":93},[57,58454,2686],{"class":1023},[57,58456,107],{"class":93},[57,58458,2692],{"class":1023},[57,58460,288],{"class":93},[57,58462,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58464,2463],{"class":63},[57,58466,68],{"class":67},[57,58468,4495],{"class":63},[57,58470,94],{"class":93},[57,58472,41500],{"class":97},[57,58474,101],{"class":93},[57,58476,2372],{"class":1023},[57,58478,112],{"class":93},[57,58480,58481],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58482,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,58484,58485,58487,58489,58491],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,58486,119],{"class":118},[57,58488,101],{"class":93},[57,58490,2498],{"class":97},[57,58492,112],{"class":93},[20,58494,243],{},[48,58496,58497],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58498,58499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58500,58501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58502,47488],{"class":1023},[572,58504,58506],{"id":58505},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[48,58508,58510],{"className":50,"code":58509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58511,58512,58558,58580,58584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58513,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58515,9401],{"class":63},[57,58517,68],{"class":67},[57,58519,56529],{"class":93},[57,58521,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58523,107],{"class":93},[57,58525,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58527,18296],{"class":93},[57,58529,1380],{"class":93},[57,58531,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58533,107],{"class":93},[57,58535,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58537,18296],{"class":93},[57,58539,1380],{"class":93},[57,58541,1931],{"class":1023},[57,58543,107],{"class":93},[57,58545,2686],{"class":1023},[57,58547,18296],{"class":93},[57,58549,1380],{"class":93},[57,58551,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58553,107],{"class":93},[57,58555,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58557,53477],{"class":93},[57,58559,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58561,2463],{"class":63},[57,58563,68],{"class":67},[57,58565,14798],{"class":63},[57,58567,94],{"class":93},[57,58569,41500],{"class":97},[57,58571,3221],{"class":93},[57,58573,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58575,107],{"class":93},[57,58577,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58579,1280],{"class":93},[57,58581,58582],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58583,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,58585,58586,58588,58590,58592],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,58587,119],{"class":118},[57,58589,101],{"class":93},[57,58591,2498],{"class":97},[57,58593,112],{"class":93},[20,58595,243],{},[48,58597,58598],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58599,58600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58601,58602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58603,46853],{"class":1023},[43,58605,1637,58607],{"id":58606},"when-to-use-count",[15,58608,57525],{},[20,58610,136,58611,58613],{},[15,58612,57525],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58615,58616],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58618,58619,58622,58625],{},[33,58620,58621],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58623,58624],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58626,58627],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58629,179],{},[48,58631,58633],{"className":50,"code":58632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58634,58635,58676,58700,58704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58636,58637,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58638,58639],{"class":63},"votes ",[57,58641,68],{"class":67},[57,58643,1380],{"class":93},[57,58645,104],{"class":71},[57,58647,8893],{"class":75},[57,58649,104],{"class":71},[57,58651,107],{"class":93},[57,58653,72],{"class":71},[57,58655,8833],{"class":75},[57,58657,104],{"class":71},[57,58659,107],{"class":93},[57,58661,72],{"class":71},[57,58663,8893],{"class":75},[57,58665,104],{"class":71},[57,58667,107],{"class":93},[57,58669,72],{"class":71},[57,58671,8893],{"class":75},[57,58673,104],{"class":71},[57,58675,288],{"class":93},[57,58677,58678,58681,58683,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58679,58680],{"class":63},"yes_votes ",[57,58682,68],{"class":67},[57,58684,58685],{"class":63}," votes",[57,58687,94],{"class":93},[57,58689,41500],{"class":97},[57,58691,101],{"class":93},[57,58693,104],{"class":71},[57,58695,8893],{"class":75},[57,58697,104],{"class":71},[57,58699,112],{"class":93},[57,58701,58702],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,58703,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,58705,58706,58708,58710,58713],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,58707,119],{"class":118},[57,58709,101],{"class":93},[57,58711,58712],{"class":97},"yes_votes",[57,58714,112],{"class":93},[20,58716,58717,58719],{},[15,58718,57525],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58721,58722,58723,2082,58725,94],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[293,58724,53006],{"href":51214},[293,58726,58728],{"href":58727},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[43,58730,1673],{"id":1672},[20,58732,8682,58733,94],{},[15,58734,57530],{},[572,58736,58738],{"id":58737},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58740,58741,58743],{},[15,58742,57530],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[48,58745,58747],{"className":50,"code":58746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58748,58749,58782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58750,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58752,4304],{"class":63},[57,58754,68],{"class":67},[57,58756,1380],{"class":93},[57,58758,104],{"class":71},[57,58760,58761],{"class":75},"apple pie",[57,58763,104],{"class":71},[57,58765,107],{"class":93},[57,58767,72],{"class":71},[57,58769,845],{"class":75},[57,58771,104],{"class":71},[57,58773,107],{"class":93},[57,58775,72],{"class":71},[57,58777,58761],{"class":75},[57,58779,104],{"class":71},[57,58781,288],{"class":93},[57,58783,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58785,119],{"class":118},[57,58787,101],{"class":93},[57,58789,4345],{"class":97},[57,58791,94],{"class":93},[57,58793,41500],{"class":97},[57,58795,101],{"class":93},[57,58797,104],{"class":71},[57,58799,836],{"class":75},[57,58801,104],{"class":71},[57,58803,5594],{"class":93},[57,58805,51482],{"class":132},[20,58807,2724,58808,2085],{},[15,58809,1277],{},[20,58811,2125,58812,58814,58815,94],{},[15,58813,58068],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58816,58817],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58819,58820,58821,94],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58822,58823],{},"str.count()",[572,58825,8688,58827,8691,58829,3114,58831],{"id":58826},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58828,57525],{},[15,58830,3838],{},[15,58832,3909],{},[20,58834,58835,58837],{},[15,58836,57525],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[48,58839,58841],{"className":50,"code":58840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58842,58843,58867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58844,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58846,3853],{"class":63},[57,58848,68],{"class":67},[57,58850,1380],{"class":93},[57,58852,3224],{"class":1023},[57,58854,107],{"class":93},[57,58856,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58858,107],{"class":93},[57,58860,1024],{"class":1023},[57,58862,107],{"class":93},[57,58864,2686],{"class":1023},[57,58866,288],{"class":93},[57,58868,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58870,119],{"class":118},[57,58872,101],{"class":93},[57,58874,3883],{"class":97},[57,58876,94],{"class":93},[57,58878,41500],{"class":97},[57,58880,101],{"class":93},[57,58882,1931],{"class":1023},[57,58884,5594],{"class":93},[57,58886,51650],{"class":132},[20,58888,58889],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[48,58891,58893],{"className":50,"code":58892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58894,58895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58896,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58898,119],{"class":118},[57,58900,101],{"class":93},[57,58902,1931],{"class":1023},[57,58904,21409],{"class":4110},[57,58906,4495],{"class":97},[57,58908,3896],{"class":93},[57,58910,3899],{"class":132},[572,58912,58914],{"id":58913},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[48,58916,58918],{"className":50,"code":58917,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58919,58920,58953],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58921,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58949,58951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58923,5227],{"class":63},[57,58925,68],{"class":67},[57,58927,1380],{"class":93},[57,58929,104],{"class":71},[57,58931,7911],{"class":75},[57,58933,104],{"class":71},[57,58935,107],{"class":93},[57,58937,72],{"class":71},[57,58939,20453],{"class":75},[57,58941,104],{"class":71},[57,58943,107],{"class":93},[57,58945,72],{"class":71},[57,58947,58948],{"class":75},"SAM",[57,58950,104],{"class":71},[57,58952,288],{"class":93},[57,58954,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,58956,119],{"class":118},[57,58958,101],{"class":93},[57,58960,5271],{"class":97},[57,58962,94],{"class":93},[57,58964,41500],{"class":97},[57,58966,101],{"class":93},[57,58968,104],{"class":71},[57,58970,20453],{"class":75},[57,58972,104],{"class":71},[57,58974,5594],{"class":93},[57,58976,28018],{"class":132},[20,58978,58979,58980,58983],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58981,58982],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[572,58985,29888,58987,33789],{"id":58986},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58988,57525],{},[20,58990,58991],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[48,58993,58995],{"className":50,"code":58994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58996,58997,59007,59021,59039,59053,59065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58998,58999,59001,59003,59005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59000,119],{"class":118},[57,59002,101],{"class":93},[57,59004,8574],{"class":97},[57,59006,112],{"class":93},[57,59008,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59010,119],{"class":118},[57,59012,101],{"class":93},[57,59014,1257],{"class":1256},[57,59016,101],{"class":93},[57,59018,8574],{"class":97},[57,59020,640],{"class":93},[57,59022,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59024,119],{"class":118},[57,59026,101],{"class":93},[57,59028,8574],{"class":97},[57,59030,94],{"class":93},[57,59032,41500],{"class":97},[57,59034,101],{"class":93},[57,59036,2708],{"class":97},[57,59038,640],{"class":93},[57,59040,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59042,119],{"class":118},[57,59044,101],{"class":93},[57,59046,2681],{"class":97},[57,59048,4117],{"class":4110},[57,59050,8631],{"class":97},[57,59052,112],{"class":93},[57,59054,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,59056,6191],{"class":4110},[57,59058,6194],{"class":63},[57,59060,4117],{"class":4110},[57,59062,8631],{"class":63},[57,59064,6628],{"class":93},[57,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,59068,8304],{"class":118},[57,59070,101],{"class":93},[57,59072,42019],{"class":118},[57,59074,101],{"class":93},[57,59076,23547],{"class":97},[57,59078,640],{"class":93},[20,59080,59081],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,59083,59084,59087,59090],{},[33,59085,59086],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,59088,59089],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,59091,59092],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59094,59095],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,59097,59098,59103,59106,59113],{},[33,59099,50728,59100,59102],{},[15,59101,57525],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,59104,59105],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,59107,11340,59108,59110,59111],{},[15,59109,57530],{}," with string ",[15,59112,57525],{},[33,59114,59115],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[43,59117,2075],{"id":2074},[572,59119,2099,59121,59123],{"id":59120},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59122,57530],{}," change the list?",[20,59125,59126],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[572,59128,59130],{"id":59129},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59132,12143,59133,94],{},[15,59134,1277],{},[572,59136,5402,59138,59140],{"id":59137},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59139,57530],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59142,59143],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[572,59145,15135,59147,59149],{"id":59146},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59148,57530],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59151,42392,59152,2082,59154,59156],{},[15,59153,58071],{},[15,59155,58068],{}," are different values.",[572,59158,5390,59160,59162,59163,2085],{"id":59159},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59161,3838],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59164,3224],{},[20,59166,9021,59167,59169,59170,2082,59172,59169,59174,94],{},[15,59168,3838],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59171,3224],{},[15,59173,3909],{},[15,59175,1277],{},[43,59177,2132],{"id":2131},[30,59179,59180,59184,59190,59194,59202,59209],{},[33,59181,59182],{},[293,59183,53006],{"href":51214},[33,59185,59186],{},[293,59187,59189],{"href":59188},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,59191,59192],{},[293,59193,7171],{"href":6431},[33,59195,59196],{},[293,59197,55755,59199,742],{"href":59198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59200,59201],{},"index()",[33,59203,59204],{},[293,59205,3809,59207],{"href":59206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59208,42601],{},[33,59210,59211],{},[293,59212,59213],{"href":58727},"What is a list in Python",[2161,59215,59216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":59218},[59219,59220,59222,59223,59224,59230,59236,59238,59246,59257],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":57622,"depth":82,"text":59221},"What list.count() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261},{"id":57944,"depth":82,"text":57945,"children":59225},[59226,59227,59229],{"id":57976,"depth":115,"text":57977},{"id":58075,"depth":115,"text":59228},"1 and True can match",{"id":58174,"depth":115,"text":58175},{"id":58252,"depth":82,"text":58253,"children":59231},[59232,59233,59234,59235],{"id":58256,"depth":115,"text":58257},{"id":58335,"depth":115,"text":58336},{"id":58430,"depth":115,"text":58431},{"id":58505,"depth":115,"text":58506},{"id":58606,"depth":82,"text":59237},"When to use count()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":59239},[59240,59241,59243,59244],{"id":58737,"depth":115,"text":58738},{"id":58826,"depth":115,"text":59242},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58913,"depth":115,"text":58914},{"id":58986,"depth":115,"text":59245},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":59247},[59248,59250,59251,59253,59255],{"id":59120,"depth":115,"text":59249},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59129,"depth":115,"text":59130},{"id":59137,"depth":115,"text":59252},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59146,"depth":115,"text":59254},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59159,"depth":115,"text":59256},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57517,"description":59258},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59265,"title":59266,"body":59267,"description":61227,"extension":2201,"meta":61228,"navigation":217,"path":61229,"seo":61230,"stem":61231,"__hash__":61232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59268,"toc":61190},[59269,59272,59275,59277,59405,59409,59490,59501,59503,59522,59526,59529,59532,59550,59552,59595,59599,59624,59633,59637,59642,59645,59762,59766,59835,59839,59851,59855,59858,59899,59903,59916,59919,60004,60008,60041,60048,60054,60059,60061,60073,60077,60110,60114,60146,60150,60187,60191,60211,60215,60249,60253,60282,60293,60297,60300,60303,60316,60373,60377,60416,60422,60425,60427,60430,60434,60437,60462,60464,60489,60496,60499,60544,60548,60567,60570,60609,60616,60621,60655,60659,60760,60766,60799,60803,60829,60833,60836,60874,60877,60914,60918,60921,60940,60942,61003,61005,61023,61027,61030,61033,61062,61064,61068,61071,61079,61083,61086,61106,61112,61118,61122,61125,61132,61140,61142,61181,61187],[10,59270,59266],{"id":59271},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59273,59274],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[43,59276,3843],{"id":3842},[48,59278,59280],{"className":50,"code":59279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59281,59282,59302,59334,59342,59360,59364,59374,59384,59395],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59283,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59285,3853],{"class":63},[57,59287,68],{"class":67},[57,59289,1380],{"class":93},[57,59291,3224],{"class":1023},[57,59293,107],{"class":93},[57,59295,1024],{"class":1023},[57,59297,107],{"class":93},[57,59299,2686],{"class":1023},[57,59301,288],{"class":93},[57,59303,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59305,5227],{"class":63},[57,59307,68],{"class":67},[57,59309,1380],{"class":93},[57,59311,104],{"class":71},[57,59313,13112],{"class":75},[57,59315,104],{"class":71},[57,59317,107],{"class":93},[57,59319,72],{"class":71},[57,59321,36180],{"class":75},[57,59323,104],{"class":71},[57,59325,107],{"class":93},[57,59327,72],{"class":71},[57,59329,36189],{"class":75},[57,59331,104],{"class":71},[57,59333,288],{"class":93},[57,59335,59336,59338,59340],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59337,56166],{"class":63},[57,59339,68],{"class":67},[57,59341,8074],{"class":93},[57,59343,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59345,36330],{"class":63},[57,59347,68],{"class":67},[57,59349,22796],{"class":1256},[57,59351,101],{"class":93},[57,59353,104],{"class":71},[57,59355,41801],{"class":75},[57,59357,104],{"class":71},[57,59359,112],{"class":93},[57,59361,59362],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,59363,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59365,59366,59368,59370,59372],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,59367,119],{"class":118},[57,59369,101],{"class":93},[57,59371,3883],{"class":97},[57,59373,112],{"class":93},[57,59375,59376,59378,59380,59382],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,59377,119],{"class":118},[57,59379,101],{"class":93},[57,59381,5271],{"class":97},[57,59383,112],{"class":93},[57,59385,59386,59388,59390,59393],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,59387,119],{"class":118},[57,59389,101],{"class":93},[57,59391,59392],{"class":97},"empty_list",[57,59394,112],{"class":93},[57,59396,59397,59399,59401,59403],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,59398,119],{"class":118},[57,59400,101],{"class":93},[57,59402,36383],{"class":97},[57,59404,112],{"class":93},[20,59406,59407],{},[153,59408,243],{},[48,59410,59412],{"className":50,"code":59411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59413,59414,59430,59458,59462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59415,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59417,258],{"class":93},[57,59419,3224],{"class":1023},[57,59421,107],{"class":93},[57,59423,1024],{"class":1023},[57,59425,107],{"class":93},[57,59427,2686],{"class":1023},[57,59429,288],{"class":93},[57,59431,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59433,258],{"class":93},[57,59435,261],{"class":71},[57,59437,13112],{"class":75},[57,59439,261],{"class":71},[57,59441,107],{"class":93},[57,59443,271],{"class":71},[57,59445,36180],{"class":75},[57,59447,261],{"class":71},[57,59449,107],{"class":93},[57,59451,271],{"class":71},[57,59453,36189],{"class":75},[57,59455,261],{"class":71},[57,59457,288],{"class":93},[57,59459,59460],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59461,1506],{"class":93},[57,59463,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59465,258],{"class":93},[57,59467,261],{"class":71},[57,59469,293],{"class":75},[57,59471,261],{"class":71},[57,59473,107],{"class":93},[57,59475,271],{"class":71},[57,59477,664],{"class":75},[57,59479,261],{"class":71},[57,59481,107],{"class":93},[57,59483,271],{"class":71},[57,59485,673],{"class":75},[57,59487,261],{"class":71},[57,59489,288],{"class":93},[20,59491,59492,59493,59495,59496,59498,59499,94],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59494,4021],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59497,25018],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59500,36438],{},[43,59502,15395],{"id":15394},[30,59504,59505,59508,59511,59514,59519],{},[33,59506,59507],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59509,59510],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59512,59513],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59515,59516,59517,2537],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59518,25018],{},[33,59520,59521],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[43,59523,59525],{"id":59524},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59527,59528],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59530,59531],{},"This means:",[30,59533,59534,59537,59540,59543],{},[33,59535,59536],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59538,59539],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59541,59542],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59544,59545,59546,59549],{},"A list is ",[153,59547,59548],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59551,179],{},[48,59553,59555],{"className":50,"code":59554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59556,59557,59581,59585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59558,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59560,8014],{"class":63},[57,59562,68],{"class":67},[57,59564,1380],{"class":93},[57,59566,104],{"class":71},[57,59568,836],{"class":75},[57,59570,104],{"class":71},[57,59572,107],{"class":93},[57,59574,6238],{"class":1023},[57,59576,107],{"class":93},[57,59578,4149],{"class":4085},[57,59580,288],{"class":93},[57,59582,59583],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59584,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59586,59587,59589,59591,59593],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59588,119],{"class":118},[57,59590,101],{"class":93},[57,59592,8045],{"class":97},[57,59594,112],{"class":93},[20,59596,59597],{},[153,59598,243],{},[48,59600,59602],{"className":50,"code":59601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59603,59604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59605,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59607,258],{"class":93},[57,59609,261],{"class":71},[57,59611,836],{"class":75},[57,59613,261],{"class":71},[57,59615,107],{"class":93},[57,59617,6238],{"class":1023},[57,59619,107],{"class":93},[57,59621,4149],{"class":4085},[57,59623,288],{"class":93},[20,59625,59626,59627,3114,59630,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[293,59628,59629],{"href":51214},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[293,59631,59632],{"href":58727},"What is a List in Python?",[43,59634,59636],{"id":59635},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59638,59492,59639,59641],{},[15,59640,4021],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59643,59644],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[48,59646,59648],{"className":50,"code":59647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59649,59650,59670,59702,59727,59731,59741,59751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59651,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59653,3853],{"class":63},[57,59655,68],{"class":67},[57,59657,1380],{"class":93},[57,59659,3224],{"class":1023},[57,59661,107],{"class":93},[57,59663,1024],{"class":1023},[57,59665,107],{"class":93},[57,59667,2686],{"class":1023},[57,59669,288],{"class":93},[57,59671,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59673,5227],{"class":63},[57,59675,68],{"class":67},[57,59677,1380],{"class":93},[57,59679,104],{"class":71},[57,59681,13112],{"class":75},[57,59683,104],{"class":71},[57,59685,107],{"class":93},[57,59687,72],{"class":71},[57,59689,36180],{"class":75},[57,59691,104],{"class":71},[57,59693,107],{"class":93},[57,59695,72],{"class":71},[57,59697,36189],{"class":75},[57,59699,104],{"class":71},[57,59701,288],{"class":93},[57,59703,59704,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59705,59706],{"class":63},"mixed ",[57,59708,68],{"class":67},[57,59710,1380],{"class":93},[57,59712,941],{"class":1023},[57,59714,107],{"class":93},[57,59716,72],{"class":71},[57,59718,1590],{"class":75},[57,59720,104],{"class":71},[57,59722,107],{"class":93},[57,59724,4140],{"class":4085},[57,59726,288],{"class":93},[57,59728,59729],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59730,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,59734,119],{"class":118},[57,59736,101],{"class":93},[57,59738,3883],{"class":97},[57,59740,112],{"class":93},[57,59742,59743,59745,59747,59749],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,59744,119],{"class":118},[57,59746,101],{"class":93},[57,59748,5271],{"class":97},[57,59750,112],{"class":93},[57,59752,59753,59755,59757,59760],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,59754,119],{"class":118},[57,59756,101],{"class":93},[57,59758,59759],{"class":97},"mixed",[57,59761,112],{"class":93},[20,59763,59764],{},[153,59765,243],{},[48,59767,59769],{"className":50,"code":59768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59770,59771,59787,59815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59772,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59774,258],{"class":93},[57,59776,3224],{"class":1023},[57,59778,107],{"class":93},[57,59780,1024],{"class":1023},[57,59782,107],{"class":93},[57,59784,2686],{"class":1023},[57,59786,288],{"class":93},[57,59788,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59790,258],{"class":93},[57,59792,261],{"class":71},[57,59794,13112],{"class":75},[57,59796,261],{"class":71},[57,59798,107],{"class":93},[57,59800,271],{"class":71},[57,59802,36180],{"class":75},[57,59804,261],{"class":71},[57,59806,107],{"class":93},[57,59808,271],{"class":71},[57,59810,36189],{"class":75},[57,59812,261],{"class":71},[57,59814,288],{"class":93},[57,59816,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59818,258],{"class":93},[57,59820,941],{"class":1023},[57,59822,107],{"class":93},[57,59824,271],{"class":71},[57,59826,1590],{"class":75},[57,59828,261],{"class":71},[57,59830,107],{"class":93},[57,59832,4140],{"class":4085},[57,59834,288],{"class":93},[572,59836,59838],{"id":59837},"key-points","Key points",[30,59840,59841,59846,59848],{},[33,59842,136,59843,59845],{},[15,59844,4021],{}," to make a new list",[33,59847,15665],{},[33,59849,59850],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[43,59852,59854],{"id":59853},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59856,59857],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[48,59859,59861],{"className":50,"code":59860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59862,59863,59871,59875,59885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59864,59865,59867,59869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59866,8543],{"class":63},[57,59868,68],{"class":67},[57,59870,8074],{"class":93},[57,59872,59873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59874,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59876,59877,59879,59881,59883],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59878,119],{"class":118},[57,59880,101],{"class":93},[57,59882,8574],{"class":97},[57,59884,112],{"class":93},[57,59886,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59888,119],{"class":118},[57,59890,101],{"class":93},[57,59892,2009],{"class":118},[57,59894,101],{"class":93},[57,59896,8574],{"class":97},[57,59898,640],{"class":93},[20,59900,59901],{},[153,59902,243],{},[48,59904,59906],{"className":50,"code":59905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[]\n0\n",[15,59907,59908,59912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59909,59910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59911,1506],{"class":93},[57,59913,59914],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59915,47488],{"class":1023},[20,59917,59918],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[48,59920,59922],{"className":50,"code":59921,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59923,59924,59932,59936,59954,59972,59990,59994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59925,59926,59928,59930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59927,5227],{"class":63},[57,59929,68],{"class":67},[57,59931,8074],{"class":93},[57,59933,59934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,59935,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,59939,5271],{"class":63},[57,59941,94],{"class":93},[57,59943,13784],{"class":97},[57,59945,101],{"class":93},[57,59947,104],{"class":71},[57,59949,13112],{"class":75},[57,59951,104],{"class":71},[57,59953,112],{"class":93},[57,59955,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,59957,5271],{"class":63},[57,59959,94],{"class":93},[57,59961,13784],{"class":97},[57,59963,101],{"class":93},[57,59965,104],{"class":71},[57,59967,36180],{"class":75},[57,59969,104],{"class":71},[57,59971,112],{"class":93},[57,59973,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,59975,5271],{"class":63},[57,59977,94],{"class":93},[57,59979,13784],{"class":97},[57,59981,101],{"class":93},[57,59983,104],{"class":71},[57,59985,36189],{"class":75},[57,59987,104],{"class":71},[57,59989,112],{"class":93},[57,59991,59992],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,59993,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,59995,59996,59998,60000,60002],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,59997,119],{"class":118},[57,59999,101],{"class":93},[57,60001,5271],{"class":97},[57,60003,112],{"class":93},[20,60005,60006],{},[153,60007,243],{},[48,60009,60011],{"className":50,"code":60010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60012,60013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60014,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60016,258],{"class":93},[57,60018,261],{"class":71},[57,60020,13112],{"class":75},[57,60022,261],{"class":71},[57,60024,107],{"class":93},[57,60026,271],{"class":71},[57,60028,36180],{"class":75},[57,60030,261],{"class":71},[57,60032,107],{"class":93},[57,60034,271],{"class":71},[57,60036,36189],{"class":75},[57,60038,261],{"class":71},[57,60040,288],{"class":93},[20,60042,60043,60044,94],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[293,60045,60046,742],{"href":57003},[15,60047,52887],{},[43,60049,60051,60052],{"id":60050},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60053,25018],{},[20,60055,136,60056,60058],{},[15,60057,25018],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60060,5690],{},[30,60062,60063,60065,60067,60069],{},[33,60064,5541],{},[33,60066,5535],{},[33,60068,5538],{},[33,60070,60071],{},[15,60072,36438],{},[572,60074,60076],{"id":60075},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[48,60078,60080],{"className":50,"code":60079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60081,60082,60100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60083,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60085,36330],{"class":63},[57,60087,68],{"class":67},[57,60089,22796],{"class":1256},[57,60091,101],{"class":93},[57,60093,104],{"class":71},[57,60095,41801],{"class":75},[57,60097,104],{"class":71},[57,60099,112],{"class":93},[57,60101,60102,60104,60106,60108],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60103,119],{"class":118},[57,60105,101],{"class":93},[57,60107,36383],{"class":97},[57,60109,112],{"class":93},[20,60111,60112],{},[153,60113,243],{},[48,60115,60116],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60117,60118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60119,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60121,258],{"class":93},[57,60123,261],{"class":71},[57,60125,293],{"class":75},[57,60127,261],{"class":71},[57,60129,107],{"class":93},[57,60131,271],{"class":71},[57,60133,664],{"class":75},[57,60135,261],{"class":71},[57,60137,107],{"class":93},[57,60139,271],{"class":71},[57,60141,673],{"class":75},[57,60143,261],{"class":71},[57,60145,288],{"class":93},[572,60147,60149],{"id":60148},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[48,60151,60153],{"className":50,"code":60152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60154,60155,60177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60156,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60158,3853],{"class":63},[57,60160,68],{"class":67},[57,60162,22796],{"class":1256},[57,60164,5743],{"class":93},[57,60166,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60168,107],{"class":93},[57,60170,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60172,107],{"class":93},[57,60174,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60176,640],{"class":93},[57,60178,60179,60181,60183,60185],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60180,119],{"class":118},[57,60182,101],{"class":93},[57,60184,3883],{"class":97},[57,60186,112],{"class":93},[20,60188,60189],{},[153,60190,243],{},[48,60192,60193],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60194,60195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60196,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60198,258],{"class":93},[57,60200,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60202,107],{"class":93},[57,60204,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60206,107],{"class":93},[57,60208,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60210,288],{"class":93},[572,60212,60214],{"id":60213},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[48,60216,60218],{"className":50,"code":60217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60219,60220,60239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60221,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60233,60235,60237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60223,4057],{"class":63},[57,60225,68],{"class":67},[57,60227,22796],{"class":1256},[57,60229,101],{"class":93},[57,60231,60232],{"class":118},"range",[57,60234,101],{"class":93},[57,60236,2372],{"class":1023},[57,60238,640],{"class":93},[57,60240,60241,60243,60245,60247],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60242,119],{"class":118},[57,60244,101],{"class":93},[57,60246,5591],{"class":97},[57,60248,112],{"class":93},[20,60250,60251],{},[153,60252,243],{},[48,60254,60256],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60257,60258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60259,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60261,258],{"class":93},[57,60263,1277],{"class":1023},[57,60265,107],{"class":93},[57,60267,1143],{"class":1023},[57,60269,107],{"class":93},[57,60271,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60273,107],{"class":93},[57,60275,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60277,107],{"class":93},[57,60279,2692],{"class":1023},[57,60281,288],{"class":93},[20,60283,60284,60286,60287,94],{},[15,60285,25018],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[293,60288,60290,60292],{"href":60289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60291,25018],{},": Function Explained",[43,60294,60296],{"id":60295},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60298,60299],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60301,60302],{},"Examples include:",[30,60304,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313],{},[33,60306,5541],{},[33,60308,40664],{},[33,60310,52281],{},[33,60312,40834],{},[33,60314,60315],{},"other lists",[48,60317,60319],{"className":50,"code":60318,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60320,60321,60359,60363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60322,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60324,9401],{"class":63},[57,60326,68],{"class":67},[57,60328,1380],{"class":93},[57,60330,104],{"class":71},[57,60332,13112],{"class":75},[57,60334,104],{"class":71},[57,60336,107],{"class":93},[57,60338,9541],{"class":1023},[57,60340,107],{"class":93},[57,60342,4149],{"class":4085},[57,60344,107],{"class":93},[57,60346,1380],{"class":93},[57,60348,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60350,107],{"class":93},[57,60352,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60354,107],{"class":93},[57,60356,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60358,53477],{"class":93},[57,60360,60361],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60362,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,60366,119],{"class":118},[57,60368,101],{"class":93},[57,60370,9440],{"class":97},[57,60372,112],{"class":93},[20,60374,60375],{},[153,60376,243],{},[48,60378,60380],{"className":50,"code":60379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60381,60382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60383,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60385,258],{"class":93},[57,60387,261],{"class":71},[57,60389,13112],{"class":75},[57,60391,261],{"class":71},[57,60393,107],{"class":93},[57,60395,9541],{"class":1023},[57,60397,107],{"class":93},[57,60399,4149],{"class":4085},[57,60401,107],{"class":93},[57,60403,1380],{"class":93},[57,60405,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60407,107],{"class":93},[57,60409,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60411,107],{"class":93},[57,60413,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60415,53477],{"class":93},[20,60417,60418,60419,94],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[153,60420,60421],{},"nested list",[20,60423,60424],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[43,60426,4751],{"id":4750},[20,60428,60429],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[572,60431,60433],{"id":60432},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60435,60436],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[48,60438,60440],{"className":50,"code":60439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60441,60442,60446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60443,60444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60445,4768],{"class":132},[57,60447,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60449,3853],{"class":63},[57,60451,68],{"class":67},[57,60453,1380],{"class":93},[57,60455,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60457,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60459,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60461,288],{"class":93},[20,60463,1783],{},[48,60465,60467],{"className":50,"code":60466,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60468,60469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60470,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60472,3853],{"class":63},[57,60474,68],{"class":67},[57,60476,1380],{"class":93},[57,60478,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60480,107],{"class":93},[57,60482,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60484,107],{"class":93},[57,60486,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60488,288],{"class":93},[572,60490,425,60492,11325,60494],{"id":60491},"using-instead-of",[15,60493,7600],{},[15,60495,4021],{},[20,60497,60498],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[48,60500,60502],{"className":50,"code":60501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60503,60504,60525,60529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60505,60506,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60507,60508],{"class":63},"my_values ",[57,60510,68],{"class":67},[57,60512,9472],{"class":93},[57,60514,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60516,107],{"class":93},[57,60518,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60520,107],{"class":93},[57,60522,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60524,112],{"class":93},[57,60526,60527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60528,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,60530,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60542],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,60532,119],{"class":118},[57,60534,101],{"class":93},[57,60536,1257],{"class":1256},[57,60538,101],{"class":93},[57,60540,60541],{"class":97},"my_values",[57,60543,640],{"class":93},[20,60545,60546],{},[153,60547,243],{},[48,60549,60551],{"className":50,"code":60550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60552,60553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60554,60555,60557,60559,60561,60563,60565],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60556,1323],{"class":67},[57,60558,1327],{"class":1326},[57,60560,271],{"class":71},[57,60562,49189],{"class":75},[57,60564,261],{"class":71},[57,60566,1336],{"class":67},[20,60568,60569],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[48,60571,60573],{"className":50,"code":60572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60574,60575,60595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60576,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60578,60508],{"class":63},[57,60580,68],{"class":67},[57,60582,1380],{"class":93},[57,60584,3224],{"class":1023},[57,60586,107],{"class":93},[57,60588,1024],{"class":1023},[57,60590,107],{"class":93},[57,60592,2686],{"class":1023},[57,60594,288],{"class":93},[57,60596,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60598,119],{"class":118},[57,60600,101],{"class":93},[57,60602,1257],{"class":1256},[57,60604,101],{"class":93},[57,60606,60541],{"class":97},[57,60608,640],{"class":93},[572,60610,8688,60612,60615],{"id":60611},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60613,60614],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60617,60618,60620],{},[15,60619,25018],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[48,60622,60624],{"className":50,"code":60623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60625,60626,60645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60627,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60641,60643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60629,2463],{"class":63},[57,60631,68],{"class":67},[57,60633,22796],{"class":1256},[57,60635,101],{"class":93},[57,60637,104],{"class":71},[57,60639,60640],{"class":75},"hello world",[57,60642,104],{"class":71},[57,60644,112],{"class":93},[57,60646,60647,60649,60651,60653],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60648,119],{"class":118},[57,60650,101],{"class":93},[57,60652,2498],{"class":97},[57,60654,112],{"class":93},[20,60656,60657],{},[153,60658,243],{},[48,60660,60662],{"className":50,"code":60661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60663,60664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60665,60666,60668,60670,60673,60675,60677,60679,60682,60684,60686,60688,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701,60703,60705,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60667,258],{"class":93},[57,60669,261],{"class":71},[57,60671,60672],{"class":75},"h",[57,60674,261],{"class":71},[57,60676,107],{"class":93},[57,60678,271],{"class":71},[57,60680,60681],{"class":75},"e",[57,60683,261],{"class":71},[57,60685,107],{"class":93},[57,60687,271],{"class":71},[57,60689,60690],{"class":75},"l",[57,60692,261],{"class":71},[57,60694,107],{"class":93},[57,60696,271],{"class":71},[57,60698,60690],{"class":75},[57,60700,261],{"class":71},[57,60702,107],{"class":93},[57,60704,271],{"class":71},[57,60706,60707],{"class":75},"o",[57,60709,261],{"class":71},[57,60711,107],{"class":93},[57,60713,271],{"class":71},[57,60715,271],{"class":71},[57,60717,107],{"class":93},[57,60719,271],{"class":71},[57,60721,60722],{"class":75},"w",[57,60724,261],{"class":71},[57,60726,107],{"class":93},[57,60728,271],{"class":71},[57,60730,60707],{"class":75},[57,60732,261],{"class":71},[57,60734,107],{"class":93},[57,60736,271],{"class":71},[57,60738,60739],{"class":75},"r",[57,60741,261],{"class":71},[57,60743,107],{"class":93},[57,60745,271],{"class":71},[57,60747,60690],{"class":75},[57,60749,261],{"class":71},[57,60751,107],{"class":93},[57,60753,271],{"class":71},[57,60755,19002],{"class":75},[57,60757,261],{"class":71},[57,60759,288],{"class":93},[20,60761,60762,60763,60765],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60764,17],{}," instead:",[48,60767,60769],{"className":50,"code":60768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60770,60771,60789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60772,60773,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60774,4304],{"class":63},[57,60776,68],{"class":67},[57,60778,72],{"class":71},[57,60780,60640],{"class":75},[57,60782,104],{"class":71},[57,60784,94],{"class":93},[57,60786,98],{"class":97},[57,60788,212],{"class":93},[57,60790,60791,60793,60795,60797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60792,119],{"class":118},[57,60794,101],{"class":93},[57,60796,4345],{"class":97},[57,60798,112],{"class":93},[20,60800,60801],{},[153,60802,243],{},[48,60804,60806],{"className":50,"code":60805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60807,60808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60809,60810,60812,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822,60825,60827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60811,258],{"class":93},[57,60813,261],{"class":71},[57,60815,1590],{"class":75},[57,60817,261],{"class":71},[57,60819,107],{"class":93},[57,60821,271],{"class":71},[57,60823,60824],{"class":75},"world",[57,60826,261],{"class":71},[57,60828,288],{"class":93},[572,60830,60832],{"id":60831},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60834,60835],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[48,60837,60839],{"className":50,"code":60838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60840,60841,60845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60842,60843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60844,4768],{"class":132},[57,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60866,60868,60870,60872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60848,5227],{"class":63},[57,60850,68],{"class":67},[57,60852,1380],{"class":93},[57,60854,104],{"class":71},[57,60856,13112],{"class":75},[57,60858,104],{"class":71},[57,60860,107],{"class":93},[57,60862,72],{"class":71},[57,60864,60865],{"class":75},"Ben', ",[57,60867,104],{"class":71},[57,60869,36189],{"class":63},[57,60871,104],{"class":71},[57,60873,288],{"class":75},[20,60875,60876],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[48,60878,60880],{"className":50,"code":60879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60881,60882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60883,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60885,5227],{"class":63},[57,60887,68],{"class":67},[57,60889,1380],{"class":93},[57,60891,104],{"class":71},[57,60893,13112],{"class":75},[57,60895,104],{"class":71},[57,60897,107],{"class":93},[57,60899,72],{"class":71},[57,60901,36180],{"class":75},[57,60903,104],{"class":71},[57,60905,107],{"class":93},[57,60907,72],{"class":71},[57,60909,36189],{"class":75},[57,60911,104],{"class":71},[57,60913,288],{"class":93},[572,60915,60917],{"id":60916},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60919,60920],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60922,60923,60926,60929,60934],{},[33,60924,60925],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60927,60928],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60930,60931,60932],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60933,25018],{},[33,60935,8688,60936,60939],{},[15,60937,60938],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[572,60941,1944],{"id":1943},[48,60943,60945],{"className":50,"code":60944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60946,60947,60957,60971,60985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60948,60949,60951,60953,60955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60950,119],{"class":118},[57,60952,101],{"class":93},[57,60954,8574],{"class":97},[57,60956,112],{"class":93},[57,60958,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,60960,119],{"class":118},[57,60962,101],{"class":93},[57,60964,1257],{"class":1256},[57,60966,101],{"class":93},[57,60968,8574],{"class":97},[57,60970,640],{"class":93},[57,60972,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,60974,119],{"class":118},[57,60976,101],{"class":93},[57,60978,2009],{"class":118},[57,60980,101],{"class":93},[57,60982,8574],{"class":97},[57,60984,640],{"class":93},[57,60986,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60997,60999,61001],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,60988,119],{"class":118},[57,60990,101],{"class":93},[57,60992,1188],{"class":1256},[57,60994,101],{"class":93},[57,60996,60232],{"class":118},[57,60998,101],{"class":93},[57,61000,2372],{"class":1023},[57,61002,2028],{"class":93},[20,61004,26246],{},[30,61006,61007,61010,61013,61016],{},[33,61008,61009],{},"what the list contains",[33,61011,61012],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,61014,61015],{},"how many items it has",[33,61017,26257,61018,61020,61021],{},[15,61019,25018],{}," does with ",[15,61022,36438],{},[43,61024,61026],{"id":61025},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61028,61029],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61031,61032],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,61034,61035,61050,61055],{},[33,61036,136,61037,754,61041,17306,61045,61049],{},[293,61038,61039],{"href":57003},[15,61040,52887],{},[293,61042,61043],{"href":53579},[15,61044,53681],{},[293,61046,61047],{"href":54143},[15,61048,54503],{}," to add items later",[33,61051,136,61052,61054],{},[293,61053,59629],{"href":51214}," for a broader introduction",[33,61056,136,61057,61061],{},[293,61058,61059,60292],{"href":60289},[15,61060,25018],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[43,61063,2075],{"id":2074},[572,61065,61067],{"id":61066},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61069,61070],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[48,61072,61073],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61074,61075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61076,61077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61078,1506],{"class":93},[572,61080,61082],{"id":61081},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61084,61085],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[48,61087,61088],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61089,61090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61091,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61093,258],{"class":93},[57,61095,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61097,107],{"class":93},[57,61099,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61101,107],{"class":93},[57,61103,2686],{"class":1023},[57,61105,288],{"class":93},[572,61107,2112,61109,61111],{"id":61108},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61110,25018],{}," do in Python?",[20,61113,61114,61115,61117],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61116,36438],{},", into a list.",[572,61119,61121],{"id":61120},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61123,61124],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[572,61126,2079,61128,2082,61130,2085],{"id":61127},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61129,4021],{},[15,61131,7600],{},[20,61133,61134,61136,61137,61139],{},[15,61135,4021],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61138,7600],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[43,61141,2132],{"id":2131},[30,61143,61144,61148,61154,61160,61166,61172,61176],{},[33,61145,61146],{},[293,61147,59629],{"href":51214},[33,61149,61150],{},[293,61151,55755,61152,18],{"href":57003},[15,61153,52887],{},[33,61155,61156],{},[293,61157,55755,61158,18],{"href":53579},[15,61159,53681],{},[33,61161,61162],{},[293,61163,55755,61164,18],{"href":54143},[15,61165,54503],{},[33,61167,61168],{},[293,61169,3809,61170,3813],{"href":60289},[15,61171,25018],{},[33,61173,61174],{},[293,61175,59632],{"href":58727},[33,61177,61178],{},[293,61179,61180],{"href":12297},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61182,61183,61184,61186],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61185,52887],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2161,61188,61189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":61191},[61192,61193,61194,61195,61198,61199,61205,61206,61216,61217,61226],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":59524,"depth":82,"text":59525},{"id":59635,"depth":82,"text":59636,"children":61196},[61197],{"id":59837,"depth":115,"text":59838},{"id":59853,"depth":82,"text":59854},{"id":60050,"depth":82,"text":61200,"children":61201},"Create a list with list()",[61202,61203,61204],{"id":60075,"depth":115,"text":60076},{"id":60148,"depth":115,"text":60149},{"id":60213,"depth":115,"text":60214},{"id":60295,"depth":82,"text":60296},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":61207},[61208,61209,61211,61213,61214,61215],{"id":60432,"depth":115,"text":60433},{"id":60491,"depth":115,"text":61210},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60611,"depth":115,"text":61212},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60831,"depth":115,"text":60832},{"id":60916,"depth":115,"text":60917},{"id":1943,"depth":115,"text":1944},{"id":61025,"depth":82,"text":61026},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":61218},[61219,61220,61221,61223,61224],{"id":61066,"depth":115,"text":61067},{"id":61081,"depth":115,"text":61082},{"id":61108,"depth":115,"text":61222},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61120,"depth":115,"text":61121},{"id":61127,"depth":115,"text":61225},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59266,"description":61227},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61234,"title":61235,"body":61236,"description":62976,"extension":2201,"meta":62977,"navigation":217,"path":62978,"seo":62979,"stem":62980,"__hash__":62981},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61237,"toc":62931},[61238,61243,61248,61251,61253,61324,61329,61334,61338,61352,61357,61359,61379,61384,61387,61409,61413,61418,61510,61512,61534,61540,61546,61553,61560,61566,61623,61629,61687,61689,61701,61709,61715,61720,61724,61781,61784,61788,61847,61850,61854,61912,61924,61928,61981,61984,61988,61994,62000,62062,62065,62126,62129,62185,62190,62192,62196,62203,62264,62269,62278,62334,62341,62345,62403,62412,62470,62474,62509,62513,62523,62526,62581,62595,62598,62713,62718,62722,62733,62735,62814,62824,62826,62831,62836,62843,62851,62857,62860,62866,62869,62875,62881,62883,62919,62928],[10,61239,54577,61241,18],{"id":61240},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61242,53681],{},[20,61244,61245,61247],{},[15,61246,53582],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61249,61250],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[43,61252,46],{"id":45},[48,61254,61256],{"className":50,"code":61255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61257,61258,61274,61291,61295,61310,61320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61261,3853],{"class":63},[57,61263,68],{"class":67},[57,61265,1380],{"class":93},[57,61267,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61269,107],{"class":93},[57,61271,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61273,288],{"class":93},[57,61275,61276,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61277,61278],{"class":63},"more_numbers ",[57,61280,68],{"class":67},[57,61282,1380],{"class":93},[57,61284,2299],{"class":1023},[57,61286,107],{"class":93},[57,61288,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61290,288],{"class":93},[57,61292,61293],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61294,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61296,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61308],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61298,3883],{"class":63},[57,61300,94],{"class":93},[57,61302,53711],{"class":97},[57,61304,101],{"class":93},[57,61306,61307],{"class":97},"more_numbers",[57,61309,112],{"class":93},[57,61311,61312,61314,61316,61318],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61313,119],{"class":118},[57,61315,101],{"class":93},[57,61317,3883],{"class":97},[57,61319,112],{"class":93},[57,61321,61322],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,61323,52958],{"class":132},[20,61325,136,61326,61328],{},[15,61327,53681],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[43,61330,143,61332,146],{"id":61331},"what-listextend-does",[15,61333,53582],{},[20,61335,61336,1016],{},[15,61337,53681],{},[30,61339,61340,61343,61345,61348],{},[33,61341,61342],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,61344,54663],{},[33,61346,61347],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,61349,11655,61350],{},[15,61351,4012],{},[20,61353,61354,61355,54036],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61356,53681],{},[43,61358,300],{"id":299},[48,61360,61362],{"className":50,"code":61361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61363,61364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61365,61366,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61367,61368],{"class":63},"list_name",[57,61370,94],{"class":93},[57,61372,53711],{"class":97},[57,61374,101],{"class":93},[57,61376,3955],{"class":97},[57,61378,112],{"class":93},[20,61380,5685,61381,61383],{},[153,61382,3955],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61385,61386],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,61388,61389,61393,61397,61401,61405],{},[33,61390,61391],{},[15,61392,1188],{},[33,61394,61395],{},[15,61396,49189],{},[33,61398,61399],{},[15,61400,6521],{},[33,61402,61403],{},[15,61404,310],{},[33,61406,61407],{},[15,61408,60232],{},[43,61410,61412],{"id":61411},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61414,61415,61416,1016],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61417,53681],{},[48,61419,61421],{"className":50,"code":61420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61422,61423,61447,61472,61476,61491,61495,61505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61424,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61426,36479],{"class":63},[57,61428,68],{"class":67},[57,61430,1380],{"class":93},[57,61432,104],{"class":71},[57,61434,836],{"class":75},[57,61436,104],{"class":71},[57,61438,107],{"class":93},[57,61440,72],{"class":71},[57,61442,845],{"class":75},[57,61444,104],{"class":71},[57,61446,288],{"class":93},[57,61448,61449,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61450,61451],{"class":63},"more_fruits ",[57,61453,68],{"class":67},[57,61455,1380],{"class":93},[57,61457,104],{"class":71},[57,61459,33461],{"class":75},[57,61461,104],{"class":71},[57,61463,107],{"class":93},[57,61465,72],{"class":71},[57,61467,22769],{"class":75},[57,61469,104],{"class":71},[57,61471,288],{"class":93},[57,61473,61474],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61475,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61477,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61489],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61479,36531],{"class":63},[57,61481,94],{"class":93},[57,61483,53711],{"class":97},[57,61485,101],{"class":93},[57,61487,61488],{"class":97},"more_fruits",[57,61490,112],{"class":93},[57,61492,61493],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61494,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,61498,119],{"class":118},[57,61500,101],{"class":93},[57,61502,36531],{"class":97},[57,61504,112],{"class":93},[57,61506,61507],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,61508,61509],{"class":132},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61511,11916],{},[30,61513,61514,61519,61524],{},[33,61515,61516,61518],{},[15,61517,36531],{}," starts with two items",[33,61520,61521,61523],{},[15,61522,61488],{}," has two more items",[33,61525,61526,61528,61529,61531,61532],{},[15,61527,53681],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61530,61488],{}," to ",[15,61533,36531],{},[20,61535,61536,61537,61539],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61538,36531],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61541,54802,61542,2082,61544,94],{},[293,61543,53006],{"href":51214},[293,61545,57389],{"href":57388},[43,61547,61549,577,61551],{"id":61548},"extend-vs-append",[15,61550,53681],{},[15,61552,52887],{},[20,61554,61555,2082,61557,61559],{},[15,61556,53681],{},[15,61558,52887],{}," are often confused.",[572,61561,61563,61565],{"id":61562},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61564,53681],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[48,61567,61569],{"className":50,"code":61568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61570,61571,61587,61605,61609,61619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61574,3853],{"class":63},[57,61576,68],{"class":67},[57,61578,1380],{"class":93},[57,61580,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61582,107],{"class":93},[57,61584,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61586,288],{"class":93},[57,61588,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61590,3883],{"class":63},[57,61592,94],{"class":93},[57,61594,53711],{"class":97},[57,61596,3221],{"class":93},[57,61598,2299],{"class":1023},[57,61600,107],{"class":93},[57,61602,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61604,1280],{"class":93},[57,61606,61607],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61608,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61610,61611,61613,61615,61617],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61612,119],{"class":118},[57,61614,101],{"class":93},[57,61616,3883],{"class":97},[57,61618,112],{"class":93},[57,61620,61621],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61622,52958],{"class":132},[572,61624,61626,61628],{"id":61625},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61627,52887],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[48,61630,61632],{"className":50,"code":61631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61633,61634,61650,61668,61672,61682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61635,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61637,3853],{"class":63},[57,61639,68],{"class":67},[57,61641,1380],{"class":93},[57,61643,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61645,107],{"class":93},[57,61647,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61649,288],{"class":93},[57,61651,61652,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61653,3883],{"class":63},[57,61655,94],{"class":93},[57,61657,13784],{"class":97},[57,61659,3221],{"class":93},[57,61661,2299],{"class":1023},[57,61663,107],{"class":93},[57,61665,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61667,1280],{"class":93},[57,61669,61670],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61671,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61675,119],{"class":118},[57,61677,101],{"class":93},[57,61679,3883],{"class":97},[57,61681,112],{"class":93},[57,61683,61684],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61685,61686],{"class":132},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61688,18929],{},[30,61690,61691,61696],{},[33,61692,61693,61695],{},[15,61694,53681],{}," to combine values",[33,61697,61698,61700],{},[15,61699,52887],{}," to add one item",[20,61702,42333,61703,2082,61707,94],{},[293,61704,55755,61705,742],{"href":57003},[15,61706,52887],{},[293,61708,53284],{"href":53283},[43,61710,425,61712,61714],{"id":61711},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61713,53681],{}," with different iterables",[20,61716,61717,61719],{},[15,61718,53681],{}," works with more than just lists.",[572,61721,61723],{"id":61722},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[48,61725,61727],{"className":50,"code":61726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61728,61729,61745,61763,61767,61777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61730,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61732,4057],{"class":63},[57,61734,68],{"class":67},[57,61736,1380],{"class":93},[57,61738,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61740,107],{"class":93},[57,61742,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61744,288],{"class":93},[57,61746,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61748,5591],{"class":63},[57,61750,94],{"class":93},[57,61752,53711],{"class":97},[57,61754,5743],{"class":93},[57,61756,2299],{"class":1023},[57,61758,107],{"class":93},[57,61760,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61762,640],{"class":93},[57,61764,61765],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61766,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61770,119],{"class":118},[57,61772,101],{"class":93},[57,61774,5591],{"class":97},[57,61776,112],{"class":93},[57,61778,61779],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61780,52958],{"class":132},[20,61782,61783],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[572,61785,61787],{"id":61786},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[48,61789,61791],{"className":50,"code":61790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61792,61793,61809,61828,61832,61842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61794,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61796,36330],{"class":63},[57,61798,68],{"class":67},[57,61800,1380],{"class":93},[57,61802,104],{"class":71},[57,61804,293],{"class":75},[57,61806,104],{"class":71},[57,61808,288],{"class":93},[57,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61824,61826],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61812,36383],{"class":63},[57,61814,94],{"class":93},[57,61816,53711],{"class":97},[57,61818,101],{"class":93},[57,61820,104],{"class":71},[57,61822,61823],{"class":75},"bc",[57,61825,104],{"class":71},[57,61827,112],{"class":93},[57,61829,61830],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61831,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61833,61834,61836,61838,61840],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61835,119],{"class":118},[57,61837,101],{"class":93},[57,61839,36383],{"class":97},[57,61841,112],{"class":93},[57,61843,61844],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61845,61846],{"class":132},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61848,61849],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[572,61851,61853],{"id":61852},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[48,61855,61857],{"className":50,"code":61856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61858,61859,61871,61893,61897,61907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61862,3853],{"class":63},[57,61864,68],{"class":67},[57,61866,1380],{"class":93},[57,61868,1277],{"class":1023},[57,61870,288],{"class":93},[57,61872,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61874,3883],{"class":63},[57,61876,94],{"class":93},[57,61878,53711],{"class":97},[57,61880,101],{"class":93},[57,61882,60232],{"class":118},[57,61884,101],{"class":93},[57,61886,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61888,107],{"class":93},[57,61890,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61892,640],{"class":93},[57,61894,61895],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61896,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61898,61899,61901,61903,61905],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61900,119],{"class":118},[57,61902,101],{"class":93},[57,61904,3883],{"class":97},[57,61906,112],{"class":93},[57,61908,61909],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,61910,61911],{"class":132},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61913,61914,61917,61918,754,61920,17306,61922,94],{},[15,61915,61916],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61919,3224],{},[15,61921,1931],{},[15,61923,2299],{},[572,61925,61927],{"id":61926},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[48,61929,61931],{"className":50,"code":61930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61932,61933,61949,61967,61971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61934,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61936,8014],{"class":63},[57,61938,68],{"class":67},[57,61940,1380],{"class":93},[57,61942,3224],{"class":1023},[57,61944,107],{"class":93},[57,61946,1024],{"class":1023},[57,61948,288],{"class":93},[57,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,61952,8045],{"class":63},[57,61954,94],{"class":93},[57,61956,53711],{"class":97},[57,61958,5762],{"class":93},[57,61960,2299],{"class":1023},[57,61962,107],{"class":93},[57,61964,2692],{"class":1023},[57,61966,30735],{"class":93},[57,61968,61969],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,61970,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,61972,61973,61975,61977,61979],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,61974,119],{"class":118},[57,61976,101],{"class":93},[57,61978,8045],{"class":97},[57,61980,112],{"class":93},[20,61982,61983],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[43,61985,61987],{"id":61986},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61989,61990,2631,61992,94],{},[15,61991,53681],{},[15,61993,4012],{},[20,61995,61996,61997,1016],{},"That means this is ",[153,61998,61999],{},"wrong",[48,62001,62003],{"className":50,"code":62002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62004,62005,62021,62043,62047,62057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62006,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62008,3853],{"class":63},[57,62010,68],{"class":67},[57,62012,1380],{"class":93},[57,62014,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62016,107],{"class":93},[57,62018,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62020,288],{"class":93},[57,62022,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62024,2463],{"class":63},[57,62026,68],{"class":67},[57,62028,4495],{"class":63},[57,62030,94],{"class":93},[57,62032,53711],{"class":97},[57,62034,3221],{"class":93},[57,62036,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62038,107],{"class":93},[57,62040,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62042,1280],{"class":93},[57,62044,62045],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62046,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62048,62049,62051,62053,62055],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62050,119],{"class":118},[57,62052,101],{"class":93},[57,62054,2498],{"class":97},[57,62056,112],{"class":93},[57,62058,62059],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62060,62061],{"class":132},"# None\n",[20,62063,62064],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[48,62066,62068],{"className":50,"code":62067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62069,62070,62086,62108,62112,62122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62071,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62073,3853],{"class":63},[57,62075,68],{"class":67},[57,62077,1380],{"class":93},[57,62079,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62081,107],{"class":93},[57,62083,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62085,288],{"class":93},[57,62087,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102,62104,62106],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62089,3853],{"class":63},[57,62091,68],{"class":67},[57,62093,4495],{"class":63},[57,62095,94],{"class":93},[57,62097,53711],{"class":97},[57,62099,3221],{"class":93},[57,62101,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62103,107],{"class":93},[57,62105,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62107,1280],{"class":93},[57,62109,62110],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62111,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62113,62114,62116,62118,62120],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62115,119],{"class":118},[57,62117,101],{"class":93},[57,62119,3883],{"class":97},[57,62121,112],{"class":93},[57,62123,62124],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62125,62061],{"class":132},[20,62127,62128],{},"The correct way is:",[48,62130,62131],{"className":50,"code":61568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62132,62133,62149,62167,62171,62181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62134,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62136,3853],{"class":63},[57,62138,68],{"class":67},[57,62140,1380],{"class":93},[57,62142,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62144,107],{"class":93},[57,62146,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62148,288],{"class":93},[57,62150,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62152,3883],{"class":63},[57,62154,94],{"class":93},[57,62156,53711],{"class":97},[57,62158,3221],{"class":93},[57,62160,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62162,107],{"class":93},[57,62164,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62166,1280],{"class":93},[57,62168,62169],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62170,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62172,62173,62175,62177,62179],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62174,119],{"class":118},[57,62176,101],{"class":93},[57,62178,3883],{"class":97},[57,62180,112],{"class":93},[57,62182,62183],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62184,52958],{"class":132},[20,62186,56144,62187,62189],{},[15,62188,53681],{}," first, then use the original list.",[43,62191,4751],{"id":4750},[20,62193,14965,62194,94],{},[15,62195,53681],{},[572,62197,62199,62200,62202],{"id":62198},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62201,53681],{}," to return a new list",[48,62204,62206],{"className":50,"code":62205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62207,62208,62224,62246,62250,62260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62209,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62211,3853],{"class":63},[57,62213,68],{"class":67},[57,62215,1380],{"class":93},[57,62217,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62219,107],{"class":93},[57,62221,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62223,288],{"class":93},[57,62225,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62227,55877],{"class":63},[57,62229,68],{"class":67},[57,62231,4495],{"class":63},[57,62233,94],{"class":93},[57,62235,53711],{"class":97},[57,62237,3221],{"class":93},[57,62239,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62241,107],{"class":93},[57,62243,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62245,1280],{"class":93},[57,62247,62248],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62249,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62251,62252,62254,62256,62258],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62253,119],{"class":118},[57,62255,101],{"class":93},[57,62257,55896],{"class":97},[57,62259,112],{"class":93},[57,62261,62262],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62263,62061],{"class":132},[20,62265,62266,62267,94],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62268,53681],{},[572,62270,62272,62273,44865,62275,62277],{"id":62271},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62274,52887],{},[15,62276,53681],{}," is needed",[48,62279,62280],{"className":50,"code":61631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62281,62282,62298,62316,62320,62330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62283,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62285,3853],{"class":63},[57,62287,68],{"class":67},[57,62289,1380],{"class":93},[57,62291,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62293,107],{"class":93},[57,62295,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62297,288],{"class":93},[57,62299,62300,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312,62314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62301,3883],{"class":63},[57,62303,94],{"class":93},[57,62305,13784],{"class":97},[57,62307,3221],{"class":93},[57,62309,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62311,107],{"class":93},[57,62313,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62315,1280],{"class":93},[57,62317,62318],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62319,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62321,62322,62324,62326,62328],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62323,119],{"class":118},[57,62325,101],{"class":93},[57,62327,3883],{"class":97},[57,62329,112],{"class":93},[57,62331,62332],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62333,61686],{"class":132},[20,62335,62336,62337,54126,62339,6866],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62338,54125],{},[15,62340,53681],{},[572,62342,62344],{"id":62343},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[48,62346,62348],{"className":50,"code":62347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62349,62350,62366,62384,62388,62398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62351,62352,62354,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62353,4304],{"class":63},[57,62355,68],{"class":67},[57,62357,1380],{"class":93},[57,62359,104],{"class":71},[57,62361,1590],{"class":75},[57,62363,104],{"class":71},[57,62365,288],{"class":93},[57,62367,62368,62370,62372,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62369,4345],{"class":63},[57,62371,94],{"class":93},[57,62373,53711],{"class":97},[57,62375,101],{"class":93},[57,62377,104],{"class":71},[57,62379,60824],{"class":75},[57,62381,104],{"class":71},[57,62383,112],{"class":93},[57,62385,62386],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62387,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62389,62390,62392,62394,62396],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62391,119],{"class":118},[57,62393,101],{"class":93},[57,62395,4345],{"class":97},[57,62397,112],{"class":93},[57,62399,62400],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62401,62402],{"class":132},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62404,62405,62406,62409,62410,1016],{},"If you want ",[15,62407,62408],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62411,52887],{},[48,62413,62415],{"className":50,"code":62414,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62416,62417,62433,62451,62455,62465],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62420,4304],{"class":63},[57,62422,68],{"class":67},[57,62424,1380],{"class":93},[57,62426,104],{"class":71},[57,62428,1590],{"class":75},[57,62430,104],{"class":71},[57,62432,288],{"class":93},[57,62434,62435,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445,62447,62449],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62436,4345],{"class":63},[57,62438,94],{"class":93},[57,62440,13784],{"class":97},[57,62442,101],{"class":93},[57,62444,104],{"class":71},[57,62446,60824],{"class":75},[57,62448,104],{"class":71},[57,62450,112],{"class":93},[57,62452,62453],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62454,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62456,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62458,119],{"class":118},[57,62460,101],{"class":93},[57,62462,4345],{"class":97},[57,62464,112],{"class":93},[57,62466,62467],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62468,62469],{"class":132},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[572,62471,62473],{"id":62472},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[48,62475,62477],{"className":50,"code":62476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62478,62479,62495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62482,3853],{"class":63},[57,62484,68],{"class":67},[57,62486,1380],{"class":93},[57,62488,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62490,107],{"class":93},[57,62492,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62494,288],{"class":93},[57,62496,62497,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62498,3883],{"class":63},[57,62500,94],{"class":93},[57,62502,53711],{"class":97},[57,62504,101],{"class":93},[57,62506,2372],{"class":1023},[57,62508,112],{"class":93},[20,62510,39894,62511,6787],{},[15,62512,2372],{},[20,62514,62515,62516,62518,62519,62522],{},"You will get a ",[15,62517,3241],{},". See ",[293,62520,62521],{"href":52834},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62524,62525],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[48,62527,62529],{"className":50,"code":62528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62530,62531,62541,62555,62567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62534,119],{"class":118},[57,62536,101],{"class":93},[57,62538,8574],{"class":97},[57,62540,112],{"class":93},[57,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62544,119],{"class":118},[57,62546,101],{"class":93},[57,62548,1257],{"class":1256},[57,62550,101],{"class":93},[57,62552,5591],{"class":97},[57,62554,640],{"class":93},[57,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62558,119],{"class":118},[57,62560,101],{"class":93},[57,62562,2498],{"class":97},[57,62564,3896],{"class":93},[57,62566,112],{"class":63},[57,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62570,32392],{"class":118},[57,62572,101],{"class":93},[57,62574,1188],{"class":1256},[57,62576,94],{"class":93},[57,62578,53711],{"class":24987},[57,62580,112],{"class":93},[43815,62582,62583],{},[20,62584,62585,62586,62589,62590,62592,62593,94],{},"Note: ",[15,62587,62588],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62591,3896],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62594,33267],{},[20,62596,62597],{},"Correct debugging example:",[48,62599,62601],{"className":50,"code":62600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62602,62603,62619,62635,62639,62653,62657,62665,62675,62689,62699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62606,8543],{"class":63},[57,62608,68],{"class":67},[57,62610,1380],{"class":93},[57,62612,3224],{"class":1023},[57,62614,107],{"class":93},[57,62616,1024],{"class":1023},[57,62618,288],{"class":93},[57,62620,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62622,4057],{"class":63},[57,62624,68],{"class":67},[57,62626,1380],{"class":93},[57,62628,2299],{"class":1023},[57,62630,107],{"class":93},[57,62632,2692],{"class":1023},[57,62634,288],{"class":93},[57,62636,62637],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62638,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62640,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649,62651],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62642,8574],{"class":63},[57,62644,94],{"class":93},[57,62646,53711],{"class":97},[57,62648,101],{"class":93},[57,62650,5591],{"class":97},[57,62652,112],{"class":93},[57,62654,62655],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62656,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62658,62659,62661,62663],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,62660,2463],{"class":63},[57,62662,68],{"class":67},[57,62664,48764],{"class":4085},[57,62666,62667,62669,62671,62673],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,62668,119],{"class":118},[57,62670,101],{"class":93},[57,62672,8574],{"class":97},[57,62674,112],{"class":93},[57,62676,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,62678,119],{"class":118},[57,62680,101],{"class":93},[57,62682,1257],{"class":1256},[57,62684,101],{"class":93},[57,62686,5591],{"class":97},[57,62688,640],{"class":93},[57,62690,62691,62693,62695,62697],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,62692,119],{"class":118},[57,62694,101],{"class":93},[57,62696,2498],{"class":97},[57,62698,112],{"class":93},[57,62700,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,62702,32392],{"class":118},[57,62704,101],{"class":93},[57,62706,1188],{"class":1256},[57,62708,94],{"class":93},[57,62710,53711],{"class":24987},[57,62712,112],{"class":93},[43,62714,1637,62716],{"id":62715},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62717,53681],{},[20,62719,136,62720,6552],{},[15,62721,53681],{},[30,62723,62724,62727,62730],{},[33,62725,62726],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62728,62729],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62731,62732],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62734,5705],{},[48,62736,62738],{"className":50,"code":62737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62739,62740,62757,62775,62779,62795,62799,62809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62741,62742,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62743,62744],{"class":63},"all_scores ",[57,62746,68],{"class":67},[57,62748,1380],{"class":93},[57,62750,13733],{"class":1023},[57,62752,107],{"class":93},[57,62754,13738],{"class":1023},[57,62756,288],{"class":93},[57,62758,62759,62762,62764,62766,62768,62770,62773],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,62760,62761],{"class":63},"new_scores ",[57,62763,68],{"class":67},[57,62765,1380],{"class":93},[57,62767,51740],{"class":1023},[57,62769,107],{"class":93},[57,62771,62772],{"class":1023}," 92",[57,62774,288],{"class":93},[57,62776,62777],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,62778,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62780,62781,62784,62786,62788,62790,62793],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,62782,62783],{"class":63},"all_scores",[57,62785,94],{"class":93},[57,62787,53711],{"class":97},[57,62789,101],{"class":93},[57,62791,62792],{"class":97},"new_scores",[57,62794,112],{"class":93},[57,62796,62797],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,62798,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,62802,119],{"class":118},[57,62804,101],{"class":93},[57,62806,62783],{"class":97},[57,62808,112],{"class":93},[57,62810,62811],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,62812,62813],{"class":132},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62815,62816,62817,62819,62820,94],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62818,52887],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[293,62821,55755,62822,742],{"href":54143},[15,62823,54503],{},[43,62825,2075],{"id":2074},[572,62827,2099,62829,55704],{"id":62828},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62830,53582],{},[20,62832,62833,62834,94],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62835,4012],{},[572,62837,2079,62839,2082,62841,2085],{"id":62838},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62840,53681],{},[15,62842,52887],{},[20,62844,62845,62847,62848,62850],{},[15,62846,53681],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62849,52887],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[572,62852,28567,62854,62856],{"id":62853},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62855,53681],{}," with a string?",[20,62858,62859],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[572,62861,28567,62863,62865],{"id":62862},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62864,53681],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62867,62868],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[572,62870,62872,62873,2085],{"id":62871},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62874,53681],{},[20,62876,62877,62878,62880],{},"You get a ",[15,62879,3241],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[43,62882,2132],{"id":2131},[30,62884,62885,62891,62895,62899,62903,62909,62913],{},[33,62886,62887],{},[293,62888,55755,62889,742],{"href":57003},[15,62890,52887],{},[33,62892,62893],{},[293,62894,54513],{"href":53283},[33,62896,62897],{},[293,62898,57463],{"href":57388},[33,62900,62901],{},[293,62902,53006],{"href":51214},[33,62904,62905],{},[293,62906,55755,62907,742],{"href":54143},[15,62908,54503],{},[33,62910,62911],{},[293,62912,62521],{"href":52834},[33,62914,62915],{},[293,62916,55755,62917,742],{"href":55195},[15,62918,13008],{},[20,62920,62921,62922,62924,62925,62927],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62923,52887],{},", when to use ",[15,62926,54503],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2161,62929,62930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":62932},[62933,62934,62936,62937,62938,62945,62952,62953,62961,62963,62975],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":61331,"depth":82,"text":62935},"What list.extend() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":61411,"depth":82,"text":61412},{"id":61548,"depth":82,"text":62939,"children":62940},"extend() vs append()",[62941,62943],{"id":61562,"depth":115,"text":62942},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61625,"depth":115,"text":62944},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61711,"depth":82,"text":62946,"children":62947},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62948,62949,62950,62951],{"id":61722,"depth":115,"text":61723},{"id":61786,"depth":115,"text":61787},{"id":61852,"depth":115,"text":61853},{"id":61926,"depth":115,"text":61927},{"id":61986,"depth":82,"text":61987},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":62954},[62955,62957,62959,62960],{"id":62198,"depth":115,"text":62956},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62271,"depth":115,"text":62958},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62343,"depth":115,"text":62344},{"id":62472,"depth":115,"text":62473},{"id":62715,"depth":82,"text":62962},"When to use extend()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":62964},[62965,62967,62969,62971,62973],{"id":62828,"depth":115,"text":62966},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62838,"depth":115,"text":62968},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62853,"depth":115,"text":62970},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62862,"depth":115,"text":62972},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62871,"depth":115,"text":62974},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61235,"description":62976},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62983,"title":62984,"body":62985,"description":65076,"extension":2201,"meta":65077,"navigation":217,"path":65078,"seo":65079,"stem":65080,"__hash__":65081},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62986,"toc":65039},[62987,62990,62995,63001,63012,63018,63020,63089,63091,63140,63148,63152,63157,63160,63171,63176,63178,63180,63201,63214,63217,63230,63232,63237,63262,63264,63272,63275,63344,63346,63370,63376,63380,63384,63420,63422,63442,63449,63453,63486,63488,63522,63527,63531,63564,63566,63594,63602,63606,63643,63645,63666,63669,63673,63742,63744,63768,63774,63781,63785,63788,63790,63804,63807,63831,63833,63858,63861,63880,63882,63908,63917,63921,63928,64005,64007,64048,64054,64060,64151,64153,64209,64212,64217,64221,64226,64230,64289,64291,64316,64320,64383,64385,64410,64414,64477,64479,64522,64525,64529,64533,64555,64559,64641,64643,64678,64686,64688,64692,64696,64698,64725,64730,64732,64759,64766,64769,64792,64794,64843,64846,64849,64868,64872,64875,64926,64929,64935,64939,64944,64947,64949,64955,64964,64968,64974,64978,64981,64985,64988,64992,64998,65000,65036],[10,62988,62984],{"id":62989},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62991,9358,62992,62994],{},[15,62993,25018],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62996,62997,62998,63000],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62999,25018],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,63002,63003,63006],{},[33,63004,63005],{},"to make an empty list",[33,63007,63008,63009,63011],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63010,60232],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63013,63014,63015,63017],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63016,25018],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[43,63019,46],{"id":45},[48,63021,63023],{"className":50,"code":63022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63024,63025,63047,63065,63069,63079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63026,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63028,3853],{"class":63},[57,63030,68],{"class":67},[57,63032,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63034,5743],{"class":93},[57,63036,3224],{"class":1023},[57,63038,107],{"class":93},[57,63040,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63042,107],{"class":93},[57,63044,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63046,640],{"class":93},[57,63048,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63050,36330],{"class":63},[57,63052,68],{"class":67},[57,63054,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63056,101],{"class":93},[57,63058,104],{"class":71},[57,63060,41801],{"class":75},[57,63062,104],{"class":71},[57,63064,112],{"class":93},[57,63066,63067],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,63068,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,63070,63071,63073,63075,63077],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,63072,119],{"class":118},[57,63074,101],{"class":93},[57,63076,3883],{"class":97},[57,63078,112],{"class":93},[57,63080,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,63082,119],{"class":118},[57,63084,101],{"class":93},[57,63086,36383],{"class":97},[57,63088,112],{"class":93},[20,63090,243],{},[48,63092,63094],{"className":50,"code":63093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63095,63096,63112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63097,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63099,258],{"class":93},[57,63101,3224],{"class":1023},[57,63103,107],{"class":93},[57,63105,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63107,107],{"class":93},[57,63109,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63111,288],{"class":93},[57,63113,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63115,258],{"class":93},[57,63117,261],{"class":71},[57,63119,293],{"class":75},[57,63121,261],{"class":71},[57,63123,107],{"class":93},[57,63125,271],{"class":71},[57,63127,664],{"class":75},[57,63129,261],{"class":71},[57,63131,107],{"class":93},[57,63133,271],{"class":71},[57,63135,673],{"class":75},[57,63137,261],{"class":71},[57,63139,288],{"class":93},[20,63141,136,63142,63144,63145,63147],{},[15,63143,25018],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63146,60232],{},", set, or dictionary.",[43,63149,63151],{"id":63150},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63153,63154,63156],{},[15,63155,25018],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63158,63159],{},"It can:",[30,63161,63162,63165,63168],{},[33,63163,63164],{},"create a new list object",[33,63166,63167],{},"make an empty list",[33,63169,63170],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63172,63173,63174,94],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[293,63175,53006],{"href":51214},[43,63177,300],{"id":299},[20,63179,26725],{},[48,63181,63183],{"className":50,"code":63182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63184,63185,63191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63186,63187,63189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63188,1188],{"class":1256},[57,63190,212],{"class":93},[57,63192,63193,63195,63197,63199],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63194,1188],{"class":1256},[57,63196,101],{"class":93},[57,63198,3955],{"class":97},[57,63200,112],{"class":93},[30,63202,63203,63208],{},[33,63204,63205,63207],{},[15,63206,25018],{}," makes an empty list",[33,63209,63210,63213],{},[15,63211,63212],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63215,63216],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,63218,63219,63221,63223,63225,63228],{},[33,63220,5541],{},[33,63222,5535],{},[33,63224,5538],{},[33,63226,63227],{},"ranges",[33,63229,7486],{},[43,63231,59854],{"id":59853},[20,63233,136,63234,63236],{},[15,63235,25018],{}," with no arguments:",[48,63238,63240],{"className":50,"code":63239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63241,63242,63252],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63243,63244,63246,63248,63250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63245,8014],{"class":63},[57,63247,68],{"class":67},[57,63249,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63251,212],{"class":93},[57,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63255,119],{"class":118},[57,63257,101],{"class":93},[57,63259,8045],{"class":97},[57,63261,112],{"class":93},[20,63263,243],{},[48,63265,63266],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63267,63268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63269,63270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63271,1506],{"class":93},[20,63273,63274],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[48,63276,63278],{"className":50,"code":63277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63279,63280,63290,63294,63312,63330,63334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63281,63282,63284,63286,63288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63283,8014],{"class":63},[57,63285,68],{"class":67},[57,63287,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63289,212],{"class":93},[57,63291,63292],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63293,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,63295,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,63297,8045],{"class":63},[57,63299,94],{"class":93},[57,63301,13784],{"class":97},[57,63303,101],{"class":93},[57,63305,104],{"class":71},[57,63307,836],{"class":75},[57,63309,104],{"class":71},[57,63311,112],{"class":93},[57,63313,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,63315,8045],{"class":63},[57,63317,94],{"class":93},[57,63319,13784],{"class":97},[57,63321,101],{"class":93},[57,63323,104],{"class":71},[57,63325,845],{"class":75},[57,63327,104],{"class":71},[57,63329,112],{"class":93},[57,63331,63332],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,63333,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,63335,63336,63338,63340,63342],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,63337,119],{"class":118},[57,63339,101],{"class":93},[57,63341,8045],{"class":97},[57,63343,112],{"class":93},[20,63345,243],{},[48,63347,63348],{"className":50,"code":38663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63349,63350],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63351,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63353,258],{"class":93},[57,63355,261],{"class":71},[57,63357,836],{"class":75},[57,63359,261],{"class":71},[57,63361,107],{"class":93},[57,63363,271],{"class":71},[57,63365,845],{"class":75},[57,63367,261],{"class":71},[57,63369,288],{"class":93},[20,63371,63372,63373,63375],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63374,4021],{},". Both are valid.",[43,63377,63379],{"id":63378},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[572,63381,63383],{"id":63382},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[48,63385,63386],{"className":50,"code":60152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63387,63388,63410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63391,3853],{"class":63},[57,63393,68],{"class":67},[57,63395,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63397,5743],{"class":93},[57,63399,3224],{"class":1023},[57,63401,107],{"class":93},[57,63403,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63405,107],{"class":93},[57,63407,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63409,640],{"class":93},[57,63411,63412,63414,63416,63418],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63413,119],{"class":118},[57,63415,101],{"class":93},[57,63417,3883],{"class":97},[57,63419,112],{"class":93},[20,63421,243],{},[48,63423,63424],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63425,63426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63427,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63429,258],{"class":93},[57,63431,3224],{"class":1023},[57,63433,107],{"class":93},[57,63435,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63437,107],{"class":93},[57,63439,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63441,288],{"class":93},[20,63443,63444,63445,94],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[293,63446,63448],{"href":63447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[572,63450,63452],{"id":63451},"string-to-list","String to list",[48,63454,63456],{"className":50,"code":63455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63457,63458,63476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63459,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63461,36330],{"class":63},[57,63463,68],{"class":67},[57,63465,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63467,101],{"class":93},[57,63469,104],{"class":71},[57,63471,1296],{"class":75},[57,63473,104],{"class":71},[57,63475,112],{"class":93},[57,63477,63478,63480,63482,63484],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63479,119],{"class":118},[57,63481,101],{"class":93},[57,63483,36383],{"class":97},[57,63485,112],{"class":93},[20,63487,243],{},[48,63489,63491],{"className":50,"code":63490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63492,63493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63494,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63518,63520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63496,258],{"class":93},[57,63498,261],{"class":71},[57,63500,673],{"class":75},[57,63502,261],{"class":71},[57,63504,107],{"class":93},[57,63506,271],{"class":71},[57,63508,293],{"class":75},[57,63510,261],{"class":71},[57,63512,107],{"class":93},[57,63514,271],{"class":71},[57,63516,63517],{"class":75},"t",[57,63519,261],{"class":71},[57,63521,288],{"class":93},[20,63523,63524,63526],{},[15,63525,25018],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[572,63528,63530],{"id":63529},"range-to-list","Range to list",[48,63532,63534],{"className":50,"code":63533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63535,63536,63554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63537,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63539,3853],{"class":63},[57,63541,68],{"class":67},[57,63543,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63545,101],{"class":93},[57,63547,60232],{"class":118},[57,63549,101],{"class":93},[57,63551,2372],{"class":1023},[57,63553,640],{"class":93},[57,63555,63556,63558,63560,63562],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63557,119],{"class":118},[57,63559,101],{"class":93},[57,63561,3883],{"class":97},[57,63563,112],{"class":93},[20,63565,243],{},[48,63567,63568],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63569,63570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63573,258],{"class":93},[57,63575,1277],{"class":1023},[57,63577,107],{"class":93},[57,63579,1143],{"class":1023},[57,63581,107],{"class":93},[57,63583,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63585,107],{"class":93},[57,63587,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63589,107],{"class":93},[57,63591,2692],{"class":1023},[57,63593,288],{"class":93},[20,63595,63596,63597,63601],{},"This is common when working with ",[293,63598,63599],{"href":36435},[15,63600,36438],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[572,63603,63605],{"id":63604},"set-to-list","Set to list",[48,63607,63609],{"className":50,"code":63608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63610,63611,63633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63612,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63614,4057],{"class":63},[57,63616,68],{"class":67},[57,63618,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63620,5762],{"class":93},[57,63622,941],{"class":1023},[57,63624,107],{"class":93},[57,63626,8025],{"class":1023},[57,63628,107],{"class":93},[57,63630,8030],{"class":1023},[57,63632,30735],{"class":93},[57,63634,63635,63637,63639,63641],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63636,119],{"class":118},[57,63638,101],{"class":93},[57,63640,5591],{"class":97},[57,63642,112],{"class":93},[20,63644,17192],{},[48,63646,63648],{"className":50,"code":63647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63649,63650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63653,258],{"class":93},[57,63655,941],{"class":1023},[57,63657,107],{"class":93},[57,63659,8025],{"class":1023},[57,63661,107],{"class":93},[57,63663,8030],{"class":1023},[57,63665,288],{"class":93},[20,63667,63668],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[572,63670,63672],{"id":63671},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[48,63674,63676],{"className":50,"code":63675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63677,63678,63714,63728,63732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63679,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63681,13435],{"class":63},[57,63683,68],{"class":67},[57,63685,10725],{"class":93},[57,63687,104],{"class":71},[57,63689,1056],{"class":75},[57,63691,104],{"class":71},[57,63693,1016],{"class":93},[57,63695,72],{"class":71},[57,63697,13112],{"class":75},[57,63699,104],{"class":71},[57,63701,107],{"class":93},[57,63703,72],{"class":71},[57,63705,1065],{"class":75},[57,63707,104],{"class":71},[57,63709,1016],{"class":93},[57,63711,9541],{"class":1023},[57,63713,9544],{"class":93},[57,63715,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63717,2463],{"class":63},[57,63719,68],{"class":67},[57,63721,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63723,101],{"class":93},[57,63725,17541],{"class":97},[57,63727,112],{"class":93},[57,63729,63730],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,63731,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,63735,119],{"class":118},[57,63737,101],{"class":93},[57,63739,2498],{"class":97},[57,63741,112],{"class":93},[20,63743,243],{},[48,63745,63746],{"className":50,"code":25718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63747,63748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63749,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63751,258],{"class":93},[57,63753,261],{"class":71},[57,63755,1056],{"class":75},[57,63757,261],{"class":71},[57,63759,107],{"class":93},[57,63761,271],{"class":71},[57,63763,1065],{"class":75},[57,63765,261],{"class":71},[57,63767,288],{"class":93},[20,63769,63770,63771,63773],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63772,25018],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63775,63776,63777,94],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[293,63778,63780],{"href":63779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[43,63782,63784],{"id":63783},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63786,63787],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63789,61386],{},[30,63791,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802],{},[33,63793,5532],{},[33,63795,5535],{},[33,63797,5541],{},[33,63799,5538],{},[33,63801,63227],{},[33,63803,7486],{},[20,63805,63806],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[48,63808,63810],{"className":50,"code":63809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63811,63812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63813,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63827,63829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63815,119],{"class":118},[57,63817,101],{"class":93},[57,63819,1188],{"class":1256},[57,63821,101],{"class":93},[57,63823,104],{"class":71},[57,63825,63826],{"class":75},"hi",[57,63828,104],{"class":71},[57,63830,640],{"class":93},[20,63832,243],{},[48,63834,63836],{"className":50,"code":63835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63837,63838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63841,258],{"class":93},[57,63843,261],{"class":71},[57,63845,60672],{"class":75},[57,63847,261],{"class":71},[57,63849,107],{"class":93},[57,63851,271],{"class":71},[57,63853,36394],{"class":75},[57,63855,261],{"class":71},[57,63857,288],{"class":93},[20,63859,63860],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[48,63862,63864],{"className":50,"code":63863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63865,63866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63867,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63869,119],{"class":118},[57,63871,101],{"class":93},[57,63873,1188],{"class":1256},[57,63875,101],{"class":93},[57,63877,2372],{"class":1023},[57,63879,640],{"class":93},[20,63881,243],{},[48,63883,63885],{"className":50,"code":63884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63886,63887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63888,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63890,3241],{"class":1256},[57,63892,1016],{"class":93},[57,63894,271],{"class":71},[57,63896,2423],{"class":75},[57,63898,261],{"class":71},[57,63900,24854],{"class":1256},[57,63902,8331],{"class":67},[57,63904,8334],{"class":67},[57,63906,63907],{"class":63}," iterable\n",[20,63909,63910,63911,63913,63914,94],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[293,63912,5369],{"href":5819},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[293,63915,63916],{"href":52834},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[43,63918,63920],{"id":63919},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63922,63923,63924,63927],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63925,63926],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[48,63929,63931],{"className":50,"code":63930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63932,63933,63953,63967,63971,63981,63991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63936,12318],{"class":63},[57,63938,68],{"class":67},[57,63940,1380],{"class":93},[57,63942,3224],{"class":1023},[57,63944,107],{"class":93},[57,63946,1024],{"class":1023},[57,63948,107],{"class":93},[57,63950,2686],{"class":1023},[57,63952,288],{"class":93},[57,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,63956,14543],{"class":63},[57,63958,68],{"class":67},[57,63960,22796],{"class":1256},[57,63962,101],{"class":93},[57,63964,12365],{"class":97},[57,63966,112],{"class":93},[57,63968,63969],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,63970,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,63972,63973,63975,63977,63979],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,63974,119],{"class":118},[57,63976,101],{"class":93},[57,63978,12365],{"class":97},[57,63980,112],{"class":93},[57,63982,63983,63985,63987,63989],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,63984,119],{"class":118},[57,63986,101],{"class":93},[57,63988,14562],{"class":97},[57,63990,112],{"class":93},[57,63992,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,63994,119],{"class":118},[57,63996,101],{"class":93},[57,63998,12318],{"class":97},[57,64000,537],{"class":4110},[57,64002,14616],{"class":97},[57,64004,112],{"class":93},[20,64006,243],{},[48,64008,64010],{"className":50,"code":64009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64011,64012,64028,64044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64013,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64015,258],{"class":93},[57,64017,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64019,107],{"class":93},[57,64021,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64023,107],{"class":93},[57,64025,2686],{"class":1023},[57,64027,288],{"class":93},[57,64029,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64031,258],{"class":93},[57,64033,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64035,107],{"class":93},[57,64037,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64039,107],{"class":93},[57,64041,2686],{"class":1023},[57,64043,288],{"class":93},[57,64045,64046],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,64047,4274],{"class":4085},[20,64049,64050,64051,64053],{},"This means ",[15,64052,14562],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64055,64056,64057,64059],{},"However, this is only a ",[153,64058,13082],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[48,64061,64063],{"className":50,"code":64062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64064,64065,64091,64105,64109,64127,64131,64141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64066,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64068,12318],{"class":63},[57,64070,68],{"class":67},[57,64072,56529],{"class":93},[57,64074,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64076,107],{"class":93},[57,64078,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64080,18296],{"class":93},[57,64082,1380],{"class":93},[57,64084,2299],{"class":1023},[57,64086,107],{"class":93},[57,64088,2692],{"class":1023},[57,64090,53477],{"class":93},[57,64092,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64094,14543],{"class":63},[57,64096,68],{"class":67},[57,64098,22796],{"class":1256},[57,64100,101],{"class":93},[57,64102,12365],{"class":97},[57,64104,112],{"class":93},[57,64106,64107],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,64108,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,64110,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,64112,14562],{"class":63},[57,64114,258],{"class":93},[57,64116,1277],{"class":1023},[57,64118,13781],{"class":93},[57,64120,13784],{"class":97},[57,64122,101],{"class":93},[57,64124,56582],{"class":1023},[57,64126,112],{"class":93},[57,64128,64129],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,64130,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,64132,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,64134,119],{"class":118},[57,64136,101],{"class":93},[57,64138,12365],{"class":97},[57,64140,112],{"class":93},[57,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,64144,119],{"class":118},[57,64146,101],{"class":93},[57,64148,14562],{"class":97},[57,64150,112],{"class":93},[20,64152,243],{},[48,64154,64155],{"className":50,"code":56613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,64156,64157,64183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64158,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64160,56620],{"class":93},[57,64162,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64164,107],{"class":93},[57,64166,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64168,107],{"class":93},[57,64170,10432],{"class":1023},[57,64172,18296],{"class":93},[57,64174,1380],{"class":93},[57,64176,2299],{"class":1023},[57,64178,107],{"class":93},[57,64180,2692],{"class":1023},[57,64182,53477],{"class":93},[57,64184,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64186,56620],{"class":93},[57,64188,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64190,107],{"class":93},[57,64192,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64194,107],{"class":93},[57,64196,10432],{"class":1023},[57,64198,18296],{"class":93},[57,64200,1380],{"class":93},[57,64202,2299],{"class":1023},[57,64204,107],{"class":93},[57,64206,2692],{"class":1023},[57,64208,53477],{"class":93},[20,64210,64211],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64213,64214,64215,94],{},"For more on this, see ",[293,64216,14022],{"href":14021},[43,64218,64220],{"id":64219},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64222,64223,64224,94],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64225,25018],{},[572,64227,64229],{"id":64228},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[48,64231,64233],{"className":50,"code":64232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64234,64235,64275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64236,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64238,13095],{"class":63},[57,64240,68],{"class":67},[57,64242,10725],{"class":93},[57,64244,104],{"class":71},[57,64246,1056],{"class":75},[57,64248,104],{"class":71},[57,64250,1016],{"class":93},[57,64252,72],{"class":71},[57,64254,8156],{"class":75},[57,64256,104],{"class":71},[57,64258,107],{"class":93},[57,64260,72],{"class":71},[57,64262,20126],{"class":75},[57,64264,104],{"class":71},[57,64266,1016],{"class":93},[57,64268,72],{"class":71},[57,64270,22481],{"class":75},[57,64272,104],{"class":71},[57,64274,9544],{"class":93},[57,64276,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64278,119],{"class":118},[57,64280,101],{"class":93},[57,64282,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64284,101],{"class":93},[57,64286,13857],{"class":97},[57,64288,640],{"class":93},[20,64290,243],{},[48,64292,64294],{"className":50,"code":64293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64295,64296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64297,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64299,258],{"class":93},[57,64301,261],{"class":71},[57,64303,1056],{"class":75},[57,64305,261],{"class":71},[57,64307,107],{"class":93},[57,64309,271],{"class":71},[57,64311,20126],{"class":75},[57,64313,261],{"class":71},[57,64315,288],{"class":93},[572,64317,64319],{"id":64318},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[48,64321,64323],{"className":50,"code":64322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64324,64325,64365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64326,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64328,13095],{"class":63},[57,64330,68],{"class":67},[57,64332,10725],{"class":93},[57,64334,104],{"class":71},[57,64336,1056],{"class":75},[57,64338,104],{"class":71},[57,64340,1016],{"class":93},[57,64342,72],{"class":71},[57,64344,8156],{"class":75},[57,64346,104],{"class":71},[57,64348,107],{"class":93},[57,64350,72],{"class":71},[57,64352,20126],{"class":75},[57,64354,104],{"class":71},[57,64356,1016],{"class":93},[57,64358,72],{"class":71},[57,64360,22481],{"class":75},[57,64362,104],{"class":71},[57,64364,9544],{"class":93},[57,64366,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64368,119],{"class":118},[57,64370,101],{"class":93},[57,64372,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64374,101],{"class":93},[57,64376,13857],{"class":97},[57,64378,94],{"class":93},[57,64380,5591],{"class":97},[57,64382,6524],{"class":93},[20,64384,243],{},[48,64386,64388],{"className":50,"code":64387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64389,64390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64391,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64393,258],{"class":93},[57,64395,261],{"class":71},[57,64397,8156],{"class":75},[57,64399,261],{"class":71},[57,64401,107],{"class":93},[57,64403,271],{"class":71},[57,64405,22481],{"class":75},[57,64407,261],{"class":71},[57,64409,288],{"class":93},[572,64411,64413],{"id":64412},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[48,64415,64417],{"className":50,"code":64416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64418,64419,64459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64420,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64422,13095],{"class":63},[57,64424,68],{"class":67},[57,64426,10725],{"class":93},[57,64428,104],{"class":71},[57,64430,1056],{"class":75},[57,64432,104],{"class":71},[57,64434,1016],{"class":93},[57,64436,72],{"class":71},[57,64438,8156],{"class":75},[57,64440,104],{"class":71},[57,64442,107],{"class":93},[57,64444,72],{"class":71},[57,64446,20126],{"class":75},[57,64448,104],{"class":71},[57,64450,1016],{"class":93},[57,64452,72],{"class":71},[57,64454,22481],{"class":75},[57,64456,104],{"class":71},[57,64458,9544],{"class":93},[57,64460,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64462,119],{"class":118},[57,64464,101],{"class":93},[57,64466,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64468,101],{"class":93},[57,64470,13857],{"class":97},[57,64472,94],{"class":93},[57,64474,8045],{"class":97},[57,64476,6524],{"class":93},[20,64478,243],{},[48,64480,64482],{"className":50,"code":64481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64483,64484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64485,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64487,21976],{"class":93},[57,64489,261],{"class":71},[57,64491,1056],{"class":75},[57,64493,261],{"class":71},[57,64495,107],{"class":93},[57,64497,271],{"class":71},[57,64499,8156],{"class":75},[57,64501,261],{"class":71},[57,64503,9469],{"class":93},[57,64505,9472],{"class":93},[57,64507,261],{"class":71},[57,64509,20126],{"class":75},[57,64511,261],{"class":71},[57,64513,107],{"class":93},[57,64515,271],{"class":71},[57,64517,22481],{"class":75},[57,64519,261],{"class":71},[57,64521,9485],{"class":93},[20,64523,64524],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[43,64526,64528],{"id":64527},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64530,136,64531,10835],{},[15,64532,25018],{},[30,64534,64535,64543,64552],{},[33,64536,64537,64538,3114,64540],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64539,52887],{},[15,64541,64542],{},"sort()",[33,64544,64545,64546,3114,64548,64551],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64547,36438],{},[15,64549,64550],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64553,64554],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64556,46276,64557,1016],{},[15,64558,64550],{},[48,64560,64562],{"className":50,"code":64561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64563,64564,64588,64604,64608,64631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64565,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64567,5227],{"class":63},[57,64569,68],{"class":67},[57,64571,1380],{"class":93},[57,64573,104],{"class":71},[57,64575,13112],{"class":75},[57,64577,104],{"class":71},[57,64579,107],{"class":93},[57,64581,72],{"class":71},[57,64583,36180],{"class":75},[57,64585,104],{"class":71},[57,64587,288],{"class":93},[57,64589,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64591,5296],{"class":63},[57,64593,68],{"class":67},[57,64595,1380],{"class":93},[57,64597,13733],{"class":1023},[57,64599,107],{"class":93},[57,64601,13738],{"class":1023},[57,64603,288],{"class":93},[57,64605,64606],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,64607,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,64609,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,64611,9451],{"class":63},[57,64613,68],{"class":67},[57,64615,22796],{"class":1256},[57,64617,101],{"class":93},[57,64619,64620],{"class":118},"zip",[57,64622,101],{"class":93},[57,64624,5271],{"class":97},[57,64626,107],{"class":93},[57,64628,5343],{"class":97},[57,64630,640],{"class":93},[57,64632,64633,64635,64637,64639],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,64634,119],{"class":118},[57,64636,101],{"class":93},[57,64638,9498],{"class":97},[57,64640,112],{"class":93},[20,64642,243],{},[48,64644,64646],{"className":50,"code":64645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64647,64648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64649,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64651,21976],{"class":93},[57,64653,261],{"class":71},[57,64655,13112],{"class":75},[57,64657,261],{"class":71},[57,64659,107],{"class":93},[57,64661,20133],{"class":1023},[57,64663,9469],{"class":93},[57,64665,9472],{"class":93},[57,64667,261],{"class":71},[57,64669,36180],{"class":75},[57,64671,261],{"class":71},[57,64673,107],{"class":93},[57,64675,13738],{"class":1023},[57,64677,9485],{"class":93},[20,64679,64680,64681,64683,64684,94],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64682,52887],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[293,64685,53284],{"href":53283},[43,64687,4751],{"id":4750},[20,64689,57010,64690,94],{},[15,64691,25018],{},[572,64693,64695],{"id":64694},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64697,4758],{},[48,64699,64701],{"className":50,"code":64700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64702,64703,64707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64704,64705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64706,4768],{"class":132},[57,64708,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64710,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64712,101],{"class":93},[57,64714,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64716,107],{"class":93},[57,64718,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64720,107],{"class":93},[57,64722,2686],{"class":1023},[57,64724,112],{"class":93},[20,64726,64727,64729],{},[15,64728,25018],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64731,18929],{},[48,64733,64735],{"className":50,"code":64734,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64736,64737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64738,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64740,119],{"class":118},[57,64742,101],{"class":93},[57,64744,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64746,5743],{"class":93},[57,64748,3224],{"class":1023},[57,64750,107],{"class":93},[57,64752,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64754,107],{"class":93},[57,64756,2686],{"class":1023},[57,64758,2028],{"class":93},[572,64760,64762,64763],{"id":64761},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[57,64764,64765],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64767,64768],{},"This is a common surprise:",[48,64770,64772],{"className":50,"code":64771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64773,64774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64775,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64777,119],{"class":118},[57,64779,101],{"class":93},[57,64781,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64783,101],{"class":93},[57,64785,104],{"class":71},[57,64787,1590],{"class":75},[57,64789,104],{"class":71},[57,64791,640],{"class":93},[20,64793,243],{},[48,64795,64797],{"className":50,"code":64796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64798,64799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64800,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839,64841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64802,258],{"class":93},[57,64804,261],{"class":71},[57,64806,60672],{"class":75},[57,64808,261],{"class":71},[57,64810,107],{"class":93},[57,64812,271],{"class":71},[57,64814,60681],{"class":75},[57,64816,261],{"class":71},[57,64818,107],{"class":93},[57,64820,271],{"class":71},[57,64822,60690],{"class":75},[57,64824,261],{"class":71},[57,64826,107],{"class":93},[57,64828,271],{"class":71},[57,64830,60690],{"class":75},[57,64832,261],{"class":71},[57,64834,107],{"class":93},[57,64836,271],{"class":71},[57,64838,60707],{"class":75},[57,64840,261],{"class":71},[57,64842,288],{"class":93},[20,64844,64845],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64847,64848],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[48,64850,64852],{"className":50,"code":64851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64853,64854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64855,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64857,119],{"class":118},[57,64859,3221],{"class":93},[57,64861,104],{"class":71},[57,64863,1590],{"class":75},[57,64865,104],{"class":71},[57,64867,1280],{"class":93},[572,64869,64871],{"id":64870},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64873,64874],{},"This:",[48,64876,64878],{"className":50,"code":64877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64879,64880,64912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64881,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64883,9401],{"class":63},[57,64885,68],{"class":67},[57,64887,10725],{"class":93},[57,64889,104],{"class":71},[57,64891,293],{"class":75},[57,64893,104],{"class":71},[57,64895,1016],{"class":93},[57,64897,1143],{"class":1023},[57,64899,107],{"class":93},[57,64901,72],{"class":71},[57,64903,664],{"class":75},[57,64905,104],{"class":71},[57,64907,1016],{"class":93},[57,64909,1024],{"class":1023},[57,64911,9544],{"class":93},[57,64913,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,64915,119],{"class":118},[57,64917,101],{"class":93},[57,64919,1188],{"class":1256},[57,64921,101],{"class":93},[57,64923,9440],{"class":97},[57,64925,640],{"class":93},[20,64927,64928],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64930,136,64931,64934],{},[15,64932,64933],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[572,64936,64938],{"id":64937},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64940,64941,64943],{},[15,64942,25018],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64945,64946],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[43,64948,2075],{"id":2074},[572,64950,2079,64952,64954],{"id":64951},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[57,64953],{}," and list()?",[20,64956,64957,64958,64960,64961,64963],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64959,4021],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64962,25018],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[572,64965,64967],{"id":64966},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64969,64970,64971,64973],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64972,25018],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[572,64975,64977],{"id":64976},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64979,64980],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[572,64982,64984],{"id":64983},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64986,64987],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[572,64989,64991],{"id":64990},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64993,64994,64995,64997],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64996,25018],{}," cannot loop through it.",[43,64999,2132],{"id":2131},[30,65001,65002,65006,65011,65015,65019,65023,65027,65032],{},[33,65003,65004],{},[293,65005,53006],{"href":51214},[33,65007,65008],{},[293,65009,65010],{"href":36435},"Python range() function explained",[33,65012,65013],{},[293,65014,63448],{"href":63447},[33,65016,65017],{},[293,65018,63780],{"href":63779},[33,65020,65021],{},[293,65022,5448],{"href":5819},[33,65024,65025],{},[293,65026,14022],{"href":14021},[33,65028,65029],{},[293,65030,65031],{"href":52834},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,65033,65034],{},[293,65035,54513],{"href":53283},[2161,65037,65038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":65040},[65041,65042,65043,65044,65045,65052,65053,65054,65059,65060,65067,65075],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":63150,"depth":82,"text":63151},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":59853,"depth":82,"text":59854},{"id":63378,"depth":82,"text":63379,"children":65046},[65047,65048,65049,65050,65051],{"id":63382,"depth":115,"text":63383},{"id":63451,"depth":115,"text":63452},{"id":63529,"depth":115,"text":63530},{"id":63604,"depth":115,"text":63605},{"id":63671,"depth":115,"text":63672},{"id":63783,"depth":82,"text":63784},{"id":63919,"depth":82,"text":63920},{"id":64219,"depth":82,"text":64220,"children":65055},[65056,65057,65058],{"id":64228,"depth":115,"text":64229},{"id":64318,"depth":115,"text":64319},{"id":64412,"depth":115,"text":64413},{"id":64527,"depth":82,"text":64528},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":65061},[65062,65063,65065,65066],{"id":64694,"depth":115,"text":64695},{"id":64761,"depth":115,"text":65064},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64870,"depth":115,"text":64871},{"id":64937,"depth":115,"text":64938},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":65068},[65069,65071,65072,65073,65074],{"id":64951,"depth":115,"text":65070},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64966,"depth":115,"text":64967},{"id":64976,"depth":115,"text":64977},{"id":64983,"depth":115,"text":64984},{"id":64990,"depth":115,"text":64991},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62984,"description":65076},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65083,"title":65084,"body":65085,"description":66436,"extension":2201,"meta":66437,"navigation":217,"path":66438,"seo":66439,"stem":66440,"__hash__":66441},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65086,"toc":66410},[65087,65092,65098,65107,65109,65182,65191,65196,65200,65216,65220,65222,65224,65243,65246,65274,65277,65302,65310,65312,65317,65324,65326,65383,65385,65393,65399,65403,65406,65479,65481,65489,65492,65515,65522,65528,65532,65538,65609,65611,65619,65628,65635,65642,65650,65794,65796,65813,65816,65855,65858,65862,65867,65869,65928,65934,65937,66044,66046,66061,66064,66071,66073,66077,66225,66228,66289,66292,66295,66316,66321,66325,66336,66339,66341,66346,66349,66357,66362,66368,66371,66377,66385,66387,66407],[10,65088,54577,65090,18],{"id":65089},"python-list-index-method",[15,65091,59201],{},[20,65093,65094,65097],{},[15,65095,65096],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65099,65100,65101,65104,65105,94],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[153,65102,65103],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65106,40944],{},[43,65108,3843],{"id":3842},[48,65110,65112],{"className":50,"code":65111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65113,65114,65146,65169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65115,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65117,8014],{"class":63},[57,65119,68],{"class":67},[57,65121,1380],{"class":93},[57,65123,104],{"class":71},[57,65125,836],{"class":75},[57,65127,104],{"class":71},[57,65129,107],{"class":93},[57,65131,72],{"class":71},[57,65133,845],{"class":75},[57,65135,104],{"class":71},[57,65137,107],{"class":93},[57,65139,72],{"class":71},[57,65141,854],{"class":75},[57,65143,104],{"class":71},[57,65145,288],{"class":93},[57,65147,65148,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65149,65150],{"class":63},"position ",[57,65152,68],{"class":67},[57,65154,6199],{"class":63},[57,65156,94],{"class":93},[57,65158,36085],{"class":97},[57,65160,101],{"class":93},[57,65162,104],{"class":71},[57,65164,845],{"class":75},[57,65166,104],{"class":71},[57,65168,112],{"class":93},[57,65170,65171,65173,65175,65178,65180],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65172,119],{"class":118},[57,65174,101],{"class":93},[57,65176,65177],{"class":97},"position",[57,65179,3896],{"class":93},[57,65181,28018],{"class":132},[20,65183,136,65184,65187,65188,65190],{},[15,65185,65186],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65189,40944],{}," if the item is not found.",[43,65192,143,65194,146],{"id":65193},"what-listindex-does",[15,65195,65096],{},[20,65197,65198,1016],{},[15,65199,65096],{},[30,65201,65202,65205,65208,65213],{},[33,65203,65204],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,65206,65207],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,65209,65210,65211],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65212,1277],{},[33,65214,65215],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65217,54802,65218,94],{},[293,65219,53006],{"href":54805},[43,65221,300],{"id":299},[20,65223,30964],{},[48,65225,65227],{"className":50,"code":65226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65228,65229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65230,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65232,8574],{"class":63},[57,65234,94],{"class":93},[57,65236,36085],{"class":97},[57,65238,101],{"class":93},[57,65240,2708],{"class":97},[57,65242,112],{"class":93},[20,65244,65245],{},"You can also limit the search:",[48,65247,65249],{"className":50,"code":65248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65250,65251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65252,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65254,8574],{"class":63},[57,65256,94],{"class":93},[57,65258,36085],{"class":97},[57,65260,101],{"class":93},[57,65262,2708],{"class":97},[57,65264,107],{"class":93},[57,65266,36291],{"class":97},[57,65268,107],{"class":93},[57,65270,65271],{"class":97}," end",[57,65273,112],{"class":93},[20,65275,65276],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,65278,65279,65284,65289,65294],{},[33,65280,65281,65283],{},[15,65282,2708],{},": the item to search for",[33,65285,65286,65288],{},[15,65287,36312],{},": where the search begins",[33,65290,65291,65293],{},[15,65292,52895],{},": where the search stops",[33,65295,65296,5016,65298,65301],{},[15,65297,52895],{},[153,65299,65300],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65303,65304,65305,65307,65308,94],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65306,36312],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65309,52895],{},[43,65311,38261],{"id":38260},[20,65313,65314,65316],{},[15,65315,65096],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65318,65319,65320,65323],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[153,65321,65322],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65325,179],{},[48,65327,65329],{"className":50,"code":65328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65330,65331,65351,65369,65373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65332,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65334,3853],{"class":63},[57,65336,68],{"class":67},[57,65338,1380],{"class":93},[57,65340,941],{"class":1023},[57,65342,107],{"class":93},[57,65344,8025],{"class":1023},[57,65346,107],{"class":93},[57,65348,8030],{"class":1023},[57,65350,288],{"class":93},[57,65352,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65354,2463],{"class":63},[57,65356,68],{"class":67},[57,65358,4495],{"class":63},[57,65360,94],{"class":93},[57,65362,36085],{"class":97},[57,65364,101],{"class":93},[57,65366,15987],{"class":1023},[57,65368,112],{"class":93},[57,65370,65371],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65372,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,65374,65375,65377,65379,65381],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,65376,119],{"class":118},[57,65378,101],{"class":93},[57,65380,2498],{"class":97},[57,65382,112],{"class":93},[20,65384,243],{},[48,65386,65387],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65388,65389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65390,65391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65392,47153],{"class":1023},[20,65394,65395,65396,65398],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65397,59201],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[43,65400,65402],{"id":65401},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65404,65405],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[48,65407,65409],{"className":50,"code":65408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65410,65411,65443,65465,65469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65412,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65414,36479],{"class":63},[57,65416,68],{"class":67},[57,65418,1380],{"class":93},[57,65420,104],{"class":71},[57,65422,836],{"class":75},[57,65424,104],{"class":71},[57,65426,107],{"class":93},[57,65428,72],{"class":71},[57,65430,845],{"class":75},[57,65432,104],{"class":71},[57,65434,107],{"class":93},[57,65436,72],{"class":71},[57,65438,854],{"class":75},[57,65440,104],{"class":71},[57,65442,288],{"class":93},[57,65444,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65446,65150],{"class":63},[57,65448,68],{"class":67},[57,65450,53086],{"class":63},[57,65452,94],{"class":93},[57,65454,36085],{"class":97},[57,65456,101],{"class":93},[57,65458,104],{"class":71},[57,65460,854],{"class":75},[57,65462,104],{"class":71},[57,65464,112],{"class":93},[57,65466,65467],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65468,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,65470,65471,65473,65475,65477],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,65472,119],{"class":118},[57,65474,101],{"class":93},[57,65476,65177],{"class":97},[57,65478,112],{"class":93},[20,65480,243],{},[48,65482,65483],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65484,65485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65486,65487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65488,17290],{"class":1023},[20,65490,65491],{},"In this list:",[30,65493,65494,65501,65508],{},[33,65495,65496,65498,65499],{},[15,65497,58068],{}," is at index ",[15,65500,1277],{},[33,65502,65503,65498,65506],{},[15,65504,65505],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65507,3224],{},[33,65509,65510,65498,65513],{},[15,65511,65512],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65514,1931],{},[20,65516,53888,65517,2631,65520,94],{},[15,65518,65519],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65521,1931],{},[20,65523,51778,65524,94],{},[293,65525,65527],{"href":65526},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[43,65529,65531],{"id":65530},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65533,65534,65535,65537],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65536,59201],{}," returns the first match only.",[48,65539,65541],{"className":50,"code":65540,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65542,65543,65583,65587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65544,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65546,13308],{"class":63},[57,65548,68],{"class":67},[57,65550,1380],{"class":93},[57,65552,104],{"class":71},[57,65554,264],{"class":75},[57,65556,104],{"class":71},[57,65558,107],{"class":93},[57,65560,72],{"class":71},[57,65562,274],{"class":75},[57,65564,104],{"class":71},[57,65566,107],{"class":93},[57,65568,72],{"class":71},[57,65570,264],{"class":75},[57,65572,104],{"class":71},[57,65574,107],{"class":93},[57,65576,72],{"class":71},[57,65578,283],{"class":75},[57,65580,104],{"class":71},[57,65582,288],{"class":93},[57,65584,65585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65586,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,65588,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65590,119],{"class":118},[57,65592,101],{"class":93},[57,65594,17736],{"class":97},[57,65596,94],{"class":93},[57,65598,36085],{"class":97},[57,65600,101],{"class":93},[57,65602,104],{"class":71},[57,65604,264],{"class":75},[57,65606,104],{"class":71},[57,65608,640],{"class":93},[20,65610,243],{},[48,65612,65613],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65614,65615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65616,65617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65618,47488],{"class":1023},[20,65620,21213,65621,65624,65625,65627],{},[15,65622,65623],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65626,1277],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65629,65630,65631,94],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[293,65632,55755,65633,742],{"href":59260},[15,65634,57525],{},[43,65636,425,65638,2082,65640],{"id":65637},"using-start-and-end",[15,65639,36312],{},[15,65641,52895],{},[20,65643,65644,65645,2082,65647,65649],{},"The optional ",[15,65646,36312],{},[15,65648,52895],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[48,65651,65653],{"className":50,"code":65652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65654,65655,65703,65707,65732,65761],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65656,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65658,36330],{"class":63},[57,65660,68],{"class":67},[57,65662,1380],{"class":93},[57,65664,104],{"class":71},[57,65666,293],{"class":75},[57,65668,104],{"class":71},[57,65670,107],{"class":93},[57,65672,72],{"class":71},[57,65674,664],{"class":75},[57,65676,104],{"class":71},[57,65678,107],{"class":93},[57,65680,72],{"class":71},[57,65682,673],{"class":75},[57,65684,104],{"class":71},[57,65686,107],{"class":93},[57,65688,72],{"class":71},[57,65690,664],{"class":75},[57,65692,104],{"class":71},[57,65694,107],{"class":93},[57,65696,72],{"class":71},[57,65698,19002],{"class":75},[57,65700,104],{"class":71},[57,65702,288],{"class":93},[57,65704,65705],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65706,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,65708,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65710,119],{"class":118},[57,65712,101],{"class":93},[57,65714,36383],{"class":97},[57,65716,94],{"class":93},[57,65718,36085],{"class":97},[57,65720,101],{"class":93},[57,65722,104],{"class":71},[57,65724,664],{"class":75},[57,65726,104],{"class":71},[57,65728,5594],{"class":93},[57,65730,65731],{"class":132},"        # first match\n",[57,65733,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,65735,119],{"class":118},[57,65737,101],{"class":93},[57,65739,36383],{"class":97},[57,65741,94],{"class":93},[57,65743,36085],{"class":97},[57,65745,101],{"class":93},[57,65747,104],{"class":71},[57,65749,664],{"class":75},[57,65751,104],{"class":71},[57,65753,107],{"class":93},[57,65755,1024],{"class":1023},[57,65757,5594],{"class":93},[57,65759,65760],{"class":132},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[57,65762,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,65764,119],{"class":118},[57,65766,101],{"class":93},[57,65768,36383],{"class":97},[57,65770,94],{"class":93},[57,65772,36085],{"class":97},[57,65774,101],{"class":93},[57,65776,104],{"class":71},[57,65778,664],{"class":75},[57,65780,104],{"class":71},[57,65782,107],{"class":93},[57,65784,1143],{"class":1023},[57,65786,107],{"class":93},[57,65788,2692],{"class":1023},[57,65790,5594],{"class":93},[57,65792,65793],{"class":132},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65795,243],{},[48,65797,65799],{"className":50,"code":65798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65800,65801,65805,65809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65802,65803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65804,47153],{"class":1023},[57,65806,65807],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65808,46853],{"class":1023},[57,65810,65811],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65812,47153],{"class":1023},[20,65814,65815],{},"How this works:",[30,65817,65818,65830,65843],{},[33,65819,65820,65823,65824,65827,65828],{},[15,65821,65822],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65825,65826],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65829,3224],{},[33,65831,65832,65835,65836,65838,65839,65827,65841],{},[15,65833,65834],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65837,1931],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65840,65826],{},[15,65842,2299],{},[33,65844,65845,65848,65849,754,65851,17306,65853],{},[15,65846,65847],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65850,3224],{},[15,65852,1931],{},[15,65854,2299],{},[20,65856,65857],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[43,65859,65861],{"id":65860},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65863,65864,65865,94],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65866,40944],{},[20,65868,179],{},[48,65870,65872],{"className":50,"code":65871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65873,65874,65906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65875,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65877,8014],{"class":63},[57,65879,68],{"class":67},[57,65881,1380],{"class":93},[57,65883,104],{"class":71},[57,65885,836],{"class":75},[57,65887,104],{"class":71},[57,65889,107],{"class":93},[57,65891,72],{"class":71},[57,65893,845],{"class":75},[57,65895,104],{"class":71},[57,65897,107],{"class":93},[57,65899,72],{"class":71},[57,65901,854],{"class":75},[57,65903,104],{"class":71},[57,65905,288],{"class":93},[57,65907,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65909,119],{"class":118},[57,65911,101],{"class":93},[57,65913,8045],{"class":97},[57,65915,94],{"class":93},[57,65917,36085],{"class":97},[57,65919,101],{"class":93},[57,65921,104],{"class":71},[57,65923,33461],{"class":75},[57,65925,104],{"class":71},[57,65927,640],{"class":93},[20,65929,39894,65930,65933],{},[15,65931,65932],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65935,65936],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[48,65938,65940],{"className":50,"code":65939,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65941,65942,65974,65987,65991,66004,66023,66029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65943,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65945,8014],{"class":63},[57,65947,68],{"class":67},[57,65949,1380],{"class":93},[57,65951,104],{"class":71},[57,65953,836],{"class":75},[57,65955,104],{"class":71},[57,65957,107],{"class":93},[57,65959,72],{"class":71},[57,65961,845],{"class":75},[57,65963,104],{"class":71},[57,65965,107],{"class":93},[57,65967,72],{"class":71},[57,65969,854],{"class":75},[57,65971,104],{"class":71},[57,65973,288],{"class":93},[57,65975,65976,65979,65981,65983,65985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,65977,65978],{"class":63},"search_value ",[57,65980,68],{"class":67},[57,65982,72],{"class":71},[57,65984,33461],{"class":75},[57,65986,79],{"class":71},[57,65988,65989],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,65990,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,65992,65993,65995,65998,66000,66002],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,65994,7233],{"class":4110},[57,65996,65997],{"class":63}," search_value ",[57,65999,4117],{"class":67},[57,66001,6199],{"class":63},[57,66003,6628],{"class":93},[57,66005,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66021],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,66007,8304],{"class":118},[57,66009,101],{"class":93},[57,66011,8045],{"class":97},[57,66013,94],{"class":93},[57,66015,36085],{"class":97},[57,66017,101],{"class":93},[57,66019,66020],{"class":97},"search_value",[57,66022,640],{"class":93},[57,66024,66025,66027],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,66026,27672],{"class":4110},[57,66028,6628],{"class":93},[57,66030,66031,66033,66035,66037,66040,66042],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,66032,8304],{"class":118},[57,66034,101],{"class":93},[57,66036,104],{"class":71},[57,66038,66039],{"class":75},"Item not found",[57,66041,104],{"class":71},[57,66043,112],{"class":93},[20,66045,243],{},[48,66047,66049],{"className":50,"code":66048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Item not found\n",[15,66050,66051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66052,66053,66056,66058],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66054,66055],{"class":63},"Item ",[57,66057,175],{"class":67},[57,66059,66060],{"class":63}," found\n",[20,66062,66063],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66065,66066,66067,94],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[293,66068,66070],{"href":66069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[43,66072,4751],{"id":4750},[20,66074,21447,66075,1016],{},[15,66076,65096],{},[30,66078,66079,66097,66109,66169],{},[33,66080,26012,66081,2631,66083,66086,66087,66089,66090,5393,66092,66094,66095,94],{},[15,66082,59201],{},[15,66084,66085],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10081,66088],{},"\nPython does ",[153,66091,175],{},[15,66093,66085],{},". It raises ",[15,66096,40944],{},[33,66098,66099,66100,66102,66105,66106,66108],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10081,66101],{},[15,66103,66104],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66107,65505],{},", not the value itself.",[33,66110,425,66111,11325,66114,66116,66118,66119,16889,66121,66144,16877,66146],{},[15,66112,66113],{},"index[]",[15,66115,59201],{},[10081,66117],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10081,66120],{},[48,66122,66124],{"className":50,"code":66123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66125,66126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66127,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66129,8045],{"class":63},[57,66131,94],{"class":93},[57,66133,36085],{"class":97},[57,66135,101],{"class":93},[57,66137,104],{"class":71},[57,66139,845],{"class":75},[57,66141,104],{"class":71},[57,66143,112],{"class":93},[10081,66145],{},[48,66147,66149],{"className":50,"code":66148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66150,66151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66152,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66154,8045],{"class":63},[57,66156,94],{"class":93},[57,66158,36085],{"class":24987},[57,66160,258],{"class":93},[57,66162,104],{"class":71},[57,66164,845],{"class":75},[57,66166,104],{"class":71},[57,66168,288],{"class":93},[33,66170,66171,66172,66174,2082,66177,66179,66180],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10081,66173],{},[15,66175,66176],{},"\"3\"",[15,66178,2299],{}," are different values in Python.",[48,66181,66183],{"className":50,"code":66182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66184,66185,66205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66188,3853],{"class":63},[57,66190,68],{"class":67},[57,66192,1380],{"class":93},[57,66194,3224],{"class":1023},[57,66196,107],{"class":93},[57,66198,1024],{"class":1023},[57,66200,107],{"class":93},[57,66202,2686],{"class":1023},[57,66204,288],{"class":93},[57,66206,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66208,119],{"class":118},[57,66210,101],{"class":93},[57,66212,104],{"class":71},[57,66214,2299],{"class":75},[57,66216,104],{"class":71},[57,66218,21409],{"class":4110},[57,66220,4495],{"class":97},[57,66222,3896],{"class":93},[57,66224,5004],{"class":132},[20,66226,66227],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,66229,66231],{"className":50,"code":66230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66232,66233,66243,66257,66271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66234,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66236,119],{"class":118},[57,66238,101],{"class":93},[57,66240,8574],{"class":97},[57,66242,112],{"class":93},[57,66244,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66246,119],{"class":118},[57,66248,101],{"class":93},[57,66250,1257],{"class":1256},[57,66252,101],{"class":93},[57,66254,66020],{"class":97},[57,66256,640],{"class":93},[57,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,66260,119],{"class":118},[57,66262,101],{"class":93},[57,66264,65978],{"class":97},[57,66266,4117],{"class":4110},[57,66268,8631],{"class":97},[57,66270,112],{"class":93},[57,66272,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,66274,119],{"class":118},[57,66276,101],{"class":93},[57,66278,8574],{"class":97},[57,66280,94],{"class":93},[57,66282,36085],{"class":97},[57,66284,101],{"class":93},[57,66286,66020],{"class":97},[57,66288,640],{"class":93},[20,66290,66291],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66293,66294],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,66296,66297,66300,66307,66313],{},[33,66298,66299],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,66301,66302,66303,11325,66305],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66304,66176],{},[15,66306,2299],{},[33,66308,66309,66310,66312],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66311,59201],{}," returns only the first one",[33,66314,66315],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[43,66317,1637,66319],{"id":66318},"when-to-use-index",[15,66320,59201],{},[20,66322,136,66323,10835],{},[15,66324,59201],{},[30,66326,66327,66330,66333],{},[33,66328,66329],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,66331,66332],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,66334,66335],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66337,66338],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[43,66340,2075],{"id":2074},[572,66342,2112,66344,5377],{"id":66343},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66345,65096],{},[20,66347,66348],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[572,66350,2099,66352,5393,66354,66356],{"id":66351},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66353,65096],{},[15,66355,66085],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66358,66359,66360,6866],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66361,40944],{},[572,66363,5402,66365,66367],{"id":66364},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66366,65096],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66369,66370],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[572,66372,66374,66375,2085],{"id":66373},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66376,59201],{},[20,66378,66379,66380,2082,66382,66384],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66381,36312],{},[15,66383,52895],{}," arguments.",[43,66386,2132],{"id":2131},[30,66388,66389,66393,66397,66401],{},[33,66390,66391],{},[293,66392,59189],{"href":65526},[33,66394,66395],{},[293,66396,53006],{"href":54805},[33,66398,66399],{},[293,66400,66070],{"href":66069},[33,66402,66403],{},[293,66404,55755,66405,742],{"href":59260},[15,66406,57525],{},[2161,66408,66409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":66411},[66412,66413,66415,66416,66417,66418,66419,66421,66422,66423,66425,66435],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":65193,"depth":82,"text":66414},"What list.index() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261},{"id":65401,"depth":82,"text":65402},{"id":65530,"depth":82,"text":65531},{"id":65637,"depth":82,"text":66420},"Using start and end",{"id":65860,"depth":82,"text":65861},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751},{"id":66318,"depth":82,"text":66424},"When to use index()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":66426},[66427,66429,66431,66433],{"id":66343,"depth":115,"text":66428},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66351,"depth":115,"text":66430},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66364,"depth":115,"text":66432},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66373,"depth":115,"text":66434},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65084,"description":66436},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66443,"title":66444,"body":66445,"description":68387,"extension":2201,"meta":68388,"navigation":217,"path":68389,"seo":68390,"stem":68391,"__hash__":68392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66446,"toc":68347},[66447,66452,66457,66460,66469,66526,66532,66537,66541,66555,66561,66563,66586,66603,66605,66666,66668,66700,66713,66715,66718,66818,66820,66898,66904,66908,66916,66920,66926,66981,66983,67007,67011,67014,67067,67069,67093,67097,67100,67153,67155,67179,67183,67189,67260,67262,67303,67309,67316,67319,67324,67332,67337,67345,67347,67444,67446,67515,67522,67527,67529,67533,67538,67540,67611,67613,67642,67648,67650,67677,67680,67703,67707,67710,67732,67735,67758,67760,67820,67822,67854,67860,67865,67918,67920,67945,67948,67997,67999,68020,68024,68029,68032,68087,68089,68116,68123,68127,68132,68203,68206,68220,68225,68230,68232,68246,68258,68263,68265,68270,68275,68279,68282,68288,68294,68301,68309,68311,68344],[10,66448,54577,66450,18],{"id":66449},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66451,54503],{},[20,66453,66454,66456],{},[15,66455,54146],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66458,66459],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66461,136,66462,66464,66465,94],{},[15,66463,54503],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[293,66466,55755,66467,742],{"href":57003},[15,66468,52887],{},[48,66470,66472],{"className":50,"code":66471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66473,66474,66494,66512,66522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66475,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66477,3853],{"class":63},[57,66479,68],{"class":67},[57,66481,1380],{"class":93},[57,66483,3224],{"class":1023},[57,66485,107],{"class":93},[57,66487,1024],{"class":1023},[57,66489,107],{"class":93},[57,66491,2692],{"class":1023},[57,66493,288],{"class":93},[57,66495,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66497,3883],{"class":63},[57,66499,94],{"class":93},[57,66501,54186],{"class":97},[57,66503,101],{"class":93},[57,66505,1931],{"class":1023},[57,66507,107],{"class":93},[57,66509,2686],{"class":1023},[57,66511,112],{"class":93},[57,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,66515,119],{"class":118},[57,66517,101],{"class":93},[57,66519,3883],{"class":97},[57,66521,112],{"class":93},[57,66523,66524],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,66525,52958],{"class":132},[20,66527,136,66528,66531],{},[15,66529,66530],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[43,66533,143,66535,146],{"id":66534},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66536,54146],{},[20,66538,66539,1016],{},[15,66540,54146],{},[30,66542,66543,66546,66549,66551],{},[33,66544,66545],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66547,66548],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66550,54663],{},[33,66552,11655,66553],{},[15,66554,4012],{},[20,66556,66557,66558,66560],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66559,54503],{}," does not create a new list.",[43,66562,5664],{"id":5663},[48,66564,66566],{"className":50,"code":66565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66567,66568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66569,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66571,8574],{"class":63},[57,66573,94],{"class":93},[57,66575,54186],{"class":97},[57,66577,101],{"class":93},[57,66579,36085],{"class":97},[57,66581,107],{"class":93},[57,66583,29745],{"class":97},[57,66585,112],{"class":93},[30,66587,66588,66593,66598],{},[33,66589,66590,66592],{},[15,66591,36085],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66594,66595,66597],{},[15,66596,23547],{}," is the value to add",[33,66599,66600,66601],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66602,1277],{},[20,66604,179],{},[48,66606,66608],{"className":50,"code":66607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66609,66610,66634,66656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66613,36330],{"class":63},[57,66615,68],{"class":67},[57,66617,1380],{"class":93},[57,66619,104],{"class":71},[57,66621,293],{"class":75},[57,66623,104],{"class":71},[57,66625,107],{"class":93},[57,66627,72],{"class":71},[57,66629,673],{"class":75},[57,66631,104],{"class":71},[57,66633,288],{"class":93},[57,66635,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66637,36383],{"class":63},[57,66639,94],{"class":93},[57,66641,54186],{"class":97},[57,66643,101],{"class":93},[57,66645,3224],{"class":1023},[57,66647,107],{"class":93},[57,66649,72],{"class":71},[57,66651,664],{"class":75},[57,66653,104],{"class":71},[57,66655,112],{"class":93},[57,66657,66658,66660,66662,66664],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,66659,119],{"class":118},[57,66661,101],{"class":93},[57,66663,36383],{"class":97},[57,66665,112],{"class":93},[20,66667,243],{},[48,66669,66670],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66671,66672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66673,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66675,258],{"class":93},[57,66677,261],{"class":71},[57,66679,293],{"class":75},[57,66681,261],{"class":71},[57,66683,107],{"class":93},[57,66685,271],{"class":71},[57,66687,664],{"class":75},[57,66689,261],{"class":71},[57,66691,107],{"class":93},[57,66693,271],{"class":71},[57,66695,673],{"class":75},[57,66697,261],{"class":71},[57,66699,288],{"class":93},[20,66701,21006,66702,66704,66705,66707,66708,2082,66710,94],{},[15,66703,65826],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66706,3224],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66709,18330],{},[15,66711,66712],{},"\"c\"",[43,66714,6020],{"id":6019},[20,66716,66717],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[48,66719,66721],{"className":50,"code":66720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66722,66723,66755,66773,66777,66799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66724,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66726,13308],{"class":63},[57,66728,68],{"class":67},[57,66730,1380],{"class":93},[57,66732,104],{"class":71},[57,66734,264],{"class":75},[57,66736,104],{"class":71},[57,66738,107],{"class":93},[57,66740,72],{"class":71},[57,66742,274],{"class":75},[57,66744,104],{"class":71},[57,66746,107],{"class":93},[57,66748,72],{"class":71},[57,66750,283],{"class":75},[57,66752,104],{"class":71},[57,66754,288],{"class":93},[57,66756,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66758,119],{"class":118},[57,66760,101],{"class":93},[57,66762,104],{"class":71},[57,66764,11796],{"class":75},[57,66766,104],{"class":71},[57,66768,107],{"class":93},[57,66770,13354],{"class":97},[57,66772,112],{"class":93},[57,66774,66775],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,66776,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,66778,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,66780,17736],{"class":63},[57,66782,94],{"class":93},[57,66784,54186],{"class":97},[57,66786,101],{"class":93},[57,66788,3224],{"class":1023},[57,66790,107],{"class":93},[57,66792,72],{"class":71},[57,66794,22760],{"class":75},[57,66796,104],{"class":71},[57,66798,112],{"class":93},[57,66800,66801,66803,66805,66807,66810,66812,66814,66816],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,66802,119],{"class":118},[57,66804,101],{"class":93},[57,66806,104],{"class":71},[57,66808,66809],{"class":75},"After: ",[57,66811,104],{"class":71},[57,66813,107],{"class":93},[57,66815,13354],{"class":97},[57,66817,112],{"class":93},[20,66819,243],{},[48,66821,66823],{"className":50,"code":66822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66824,66825,66857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66826,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66828,11856],{"class":63},[57,66830,1016],{"class":93},[57,66832,1380],{"class":93},[57,66834,261],{"class":71},[57,66836,264],{"class":75},[57,66838,261],{"class":71},[57,66840,107],{"class":93},[57,66842,271],{"class":71},[57,66844,274],{"class":75},[57,66846,261],{"class":71},[57,66848,107],{"class":93},[57,66850,271],{"class":71},[57,66852,283],{"class":75},[57,66854,261],{"class":71},[57,66856,288],{"class":93},[57,66858,66859,66861,66863,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66860,11909],{"class":63},[57,66862,1016],{"class":93},[57,66864,66865],{"class":93},"  [",[57,66867,261],{"class":71},[57,66869,264],{"class":75},[57,66871,261],{"class":71},[57,66873,107],{"class":93},[57,66875,271],{"class":71},[57,66877,22760],{"class":75},[57,66879,261],{"class":71},[57,66881,107],{"class":93},[57,66883,271],{"class":71},[57,66885,274],{"class":75},[57,66887,261],{"class":71},[57,66889,107],{"class":93},[57,66891,271],{"class":71},[57,66893,283],{"class":75},[57,66895,261],{"class":71},[57,66897,288],{"class":93},[20,66899,66900,66901,66903],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66902,3224],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[43,66905,66907],{"id":66906},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66909,2218,66910,35568,66912,66915],{},[15,66911,36085],{},[15,66913,66914],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[572,66917,66919],{"id":66918},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66921,66922,66923,66925],{},"Use index ",[15,66924,1277],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[48,66927,66929],{"className":50,"code":66928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66930,66931,66952,66971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66932,66933,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66934,66935],{"class":63},"nums ",[57,66937,68],{"class":67},[57,66939,1380],{"class":93},[57,66941,1931],{"class":1023},[57,66943,107],{"class":93},[57,66945,2686],{"class":1023},[57,66947,107],{"class":93},[57,66949,2692],{"class":1023},[57,66951,288],{"class":93},[57,66953,66954,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,66955,66956],{"class":63},"nums",[57,66958,94],{"class":93},[57,66960,54186],{"class":97},[57,66962,101],{"class":93},[57,66964,1277],{"class":1023},[57,66966,107],{"class":93},[57,66968,1143],{"class":1023},[57,66970,112],{"class":93},[57,66972,66973,66975,66977,66979],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,66974,119],{"class":118},[57,66976,101],{"class":93},[57,66978,66956],{"class":97},[57,66980,112],{"class":93},[20,66982,243],{},[48,66984,66985],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66986,66987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66990,258],{"class":93},[57,66992,3224],{"class":1023},[57,66994,107],{"class":93},[57,66996,1024],{"class":1023},[57,66998,107],{"class":93},[57,67000,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67002,107],{"class":93},[57,67004,2692],{"class":1023},[57,67006,288],{"class":93},[572,67008,67010],{"id":67009},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67012,67013],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[48,67015,67017],{"className":50,"code":67016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67018,67019,67039,67057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67020,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67022,66935],{"class":63},[57,67024,68],{"class":67},[57,67026,1380],{"class":93},[57,67028,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67030,107],{"class":93},[57,67032,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67034,107],{"class":93},[57,67036,2692],{"class":1023},[57,67038,288],{"class":93},[57,67040,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67042,66956],{"class":63},[57,67044,94],{"class":93},[57,67046,54186],{"class":97},[57,67048,101],{"class":93},[57,67050,1931],{"class":1023},[57,67052,107],{"class":93},[57,67054,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67056,112],{"class":93},[57,67058,67059,67061,67063,67065],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67060,119],{"class":118},[57,67062,101],{"class":93},[57,67064,66956],{"class":97},[57,67066,112],{"class":93},[20,67068,243],{},[48,67070,67071],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67072,67073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67074,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67076,258],{"class":93},[57,67078,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67080,107],{"class":93},[57,67082,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67084,107],{"class":93},[57,67086,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67088,107],{"class":93},[57,67090,2692],{"class":1023},[57,67092,288],{"class":93},[572,67094,67096],{"id":67095},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67098,67099],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[48,67101,67103],{"className":50,"code":67102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67104,67105,67125,67143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67106,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67108,66935],{"class":63},[57,67110,68],{"class":67},[57,67112,1380],{"class":93},[57,67114,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67116,107],{"class":93},[57,67118,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67120,107],{"class":93},[57,67122,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67124,288],{"class":93},[57,67126,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67128,66956],{"class":63},[57,67130,94],{"class":93},[57,67132,54186],{"class":97},[57,67134,101],{"class":93},[57,67136,941],{"class":1023},[57,67138,107],{"class":93},[57,67140,2692],{"class":1023},[57,67142,112],{"class":93},[57,67144,67145,67147,67149,67151],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67146,119],{"class":118},[57,67148,101],{"class":93},[57,67150,66956],{"class":97},[57,67152,112],{"class":93},[20,67154,243],{},[48,67156,67157],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67158,67159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67160,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67162,258],{"class":93},[57,67164,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67166,107],{"class":93},[57,67168,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67170,107],{"class":93},[57,67172,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67174,107],{"class":93},[57,67176,2692],{"class":1023},[57,67178,288],{"class":93},[572,67180,67182],{"id":67181},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67184,67185,67186,67188],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67187,54503],{}," places the item before that position.",[48,67190,67192],{"className":50,"code":67191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67193,67194,67226,67250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67195,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67197,36330],{"class":63},[57,67199,68],{"class":67},[57,67201,1380],{"class":93},[57,67203,104],{"class":71},[57,67205,293],{"class":75},[57,67207,104],{"class":71},[57,67209,107],{"class":93},[57,67211,72],{"class":71},[57,67213,664],{"class":75},[57,67215,104],{"class":71},[57,67217,107],{"class":93},[57,67219,72],{"class":71},[57,67221,19002],{"class":75},[57,67223,104],{"class":71},[57,67225,288],{"class":93},[57,67227,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67229,36383],{"class":63},[57,67231,94],{"class":93},[57,67233,54186],{"class":97},[57,67235,101],{"class":93},[57,67237,1415],{"class":67},[57,67239,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67241,107],{"class":93},[57,67243,72],{"class":71},[57,67245,673],{"class":75},[57,67247,104],{"class":71},[57,67249,112],{"class":93},[57,67251,67252,67254,67256,67258],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67253,119],{"class":118},[57,67255,101],{"class":93},[57,67257,36383],{"class":97},[57,67259,112],{"class":93},[20,67261,243],{},[48,67263,67265],{"className":50,"code":67264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67266,67267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67268,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67270,258],{"class":93},[57,67272,261],{"class":71},[57,67274,293],{"class":75},[57,67276,261],{"class":71},[57,67278,107],{"class":93},[57,67280,271],{"class":71},[57,67282,664],{"class":75},[57,67284,261],{"class":71},[57,67286,107],{"class":93},[57,67288,271],{"class":71},[57,67290,673],{"class":75},[57,67292,261],{"class":71},[57,67294,107],{"class":93},[57,67296,271],{"class":71},[57,67298,19002],{"class":75},[57,67300,261],{"class":71},[57,67302,288],{"class":93},[20,67304,67305,67306,2538],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[293,67307,67308],{"href":51214},"Python lists beginner guide",[43,67310,67312,577,67314],{"id":67311},"insert-vs-append",[15,67313,54503],{},[15,67315,52887],{},[20,67317,67318],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[572,67320,136,67322,10835],{"id":67321},"use-insert-when",[15,67323,54503],{},[30,67325,67326,67329],{},[33,67327,67328],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,67330,67331],{},"The order of the list matters",[572,67333,136,67335,10835],{"id":67334},"use-append-when",[15,67336,52887],{},[30,67338,67339,67342],{},[33,67340,67341],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,67343,67344],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67346,179],{},[48,67348,67350],{"className":50,"code":67349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67351,67352,67376,67380,67402,67412,67416,67434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67355,8014],{"class":63},[57,67357,68],{"class":67},[57,67359,1380],{"class":93},[57,67361,104],{"class":71},[57,67363,836],{"class":75},[57,67365,104],{"class":71},[57,67367,107],{"class":93},[57,67369,72],{"class":71},[57,67371,33461],{"class":75},[57,67373,104],{"class":71},[57,67375,288],{"class":93},[57,67377,67378],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67379,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67383,8045],{"class":63},[57,67385,94],{"class":93},[57,67387,54186],{"class":97},[57,67389,101],{"class":93},[57,67391,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67393,107],{"class":93},[57,67395,72],{"class":71},[57,67397,845],{"class":75},[57,67399,104],{"class":71},[57,67401,112],{"class":93},[57,67403,67404,67406,67408,67410],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,67405,119],{"class":118},[57,67407,101],{"class":93},[57,67409,8045],{"class":97},[57,67411,112],{"class":93},[57,67413,67414],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,67415,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,67417,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,67419,8045],{"class":63},[57,67421,94],{"class":93},[57,67423,13784],{"class":97},[57,67425,101],{"class":93},[57,67427,104],{"class":71},[57,67429,22769],{"class":75},[57,67431,104],{"class":71},[57,67433,112],{"class":93},[57,67435,67436,67438,67440,67442],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,67437,119],{"class":118},[57,67439,101],{"class":93},[57,67441,8045],{"class":97},[57,67443,112],{"class":93},[20,67445,243],{},[48,67447,67449],{"className":50,"code":67448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67450,67451,67479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67452,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67454,258],{"class":93},[57,67456,261],{"class":71},[57,67458,836],{"class":75},[57,67460,261],{"class":71},[57,67462,107],{"class":93},[57,67464,271],{"class":71},[57,67466,845],{"class":75},[57,67468,261],{"class":71},[57,67470,107],{"class":93},[57,67472,271],{"class":71},[57,67474,33461],{"class":75},[57,67476,261],{"class":71},[57,67478,288],{"class":93},[57,67480,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67482,258],{"class":93},[57,67484,261],{"class":71},[57,67486,836],{"class":75},[57,67488,261],{"class":71},[57,67490,107],{"class":93},[57,67492,271],{"class":71},[57,67494,845],{"class":75},[57,67496,261],{"class":71},[57,67498,107],{"class":93},[57,67500,271],{"class":71},[57,67502,33461],{"class":75},[57,67504,261],{"class":71},[57,67506,107],{"class":93},[57,67508,271],{"class":71},[57,67510,22769],{"class":75},[57,67512,261],{"class":71},[57,67514,288],{"class":93},[20,67516,67517,67518,94],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[293,67519,55755,67520,742],{"href":57003},[15,67521,52887],{},[20,67523,67524,67525,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[293,67526,53284],{"href":53283},[43,67528,4751],{"id":4750},[20,67530,14965,67531,94],{},[15,67532,54503],{},[572,67534,12826,67536],{"id":67535},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67537,54503],{},[20,67539,25928],{},[48,67541,67543],{"className":50,"code":67542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67544,67545,67565,67587,67591,67601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67546,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67548,3853],{"class":63},[57,67550,68],{"class":67},[57,67552,1380],{"class":93},[57,67554,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67556,107],{"class":93},[57,67558,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67560,107],{"class":93},[57,67562,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67564,288],{"class":93},[57,67566,67567,67569,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67568,2463],{"class":63},[57,67570,68],{"class":67},[57,67572,4495],{"class":63},[57,67574,94],{"class":93},[57,67576,54186],{"class":97},[57,67578,101],{"class":93},[57,67580,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67582,107],{"class":93},[57,67584,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67586,112],{"class":93},[57,67588,67589],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67590,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,67592,67593,67595,67597,67599],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,67594,119],{"class":118},[57,67596,101],{"class":93},[57,67598,2498],{"class":97},[57,67600,112],{"class":93},[57,67602,67603,67605,67607,67609],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,67604,119],{"class":118},[57,67606,101],{"class":93},[57,67608,3883],{"class":97},[57,67610,112],{"class":93},[20,67612,243],{},[48,67614,67616],{"className":50,"code":67615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67617,67618,67622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67619,67620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67621,12040],{"class":4085},[57,67623,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67625,258],{"class":93},[57,67627,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67629,107],{"class":93},[57,67631,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67633,107],{"class":93},[57,67635,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67637,107],{"class":93},[57,67639,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67641,288],{"class":93},[20,67643,67644,54388,67646,94],{},[15,67645,54503],{},[15,67647,4012],{},[20,67649,16877],{},[48,67651,67653],{"className":50,"code":67652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67654,67655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67656,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67658,56125],{"class":63},[57,67660,68],{"class":67},[57,67662,4495],{"class":63},[57,67664,94],{"class":93},[57,67666,54186],{"class":97},[57,67668,101],{"class":93},[57,67670,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67672,107],{"class":93},[57,67674,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67676,112],{"class":93},[20,67678,67679],{},"Right:",[48,67681,67683],{"className":50,"code":67682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67684,67685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67686,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67688,3883],{"class":63},[57,67690,94],{"class":93},[57,67692,54186],{"class":97},[57,67694,101],{"class":93},[57,67696,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67698,107],{"class":93},[57,67700,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67702,112],{"class":93},[572,67704,67706],{"id":67705},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67708,67709],{},"The correct order is:",[48,67711,67712],{"className":50,"code":66565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67713,67714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67715,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67717,8574],{"class":63},[57,67719,94],{"class":93},[57,67721,54186],{"class":97},[57,67723,101],{"class":93},[57,67725,36085],{"class":97},[57,67727,107],{"class":93},[57,67729,29745],{"class":97},[57,67731,112],{"class":93},[20,67733,67734],{},"Not:",[48,67736,67738],{"className":50,"code":67737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67739,67740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67741,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67743,8574],{"class":63},[57,67745,94],{"class":93},[57,67747,54186],{"class":97},[57,67749,101],{"class":93},[57,67751,23547],{"class":97},[57,67753,107],{"class":93},[57,67755,36060],{"class":97},[57,67757,112],{"class":93},[20,67759,179],{},[48,67761,67762],{"className":50,"code":66607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67763,67764,67788,67810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67765,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67767,36330],{"class":63},[57,67769,68],{"class":67},[57,67771,1380],{"class":93},[57,67773,104],{"class":71},[57,67775,293],{"class":75},[57,67777,104],{"class":71},[57,67779,107],{"class":93},[57,67781,72],{"class":71},[57,67783,673],{"class":75},[57,67785,104],{"class":71},[57,67787,288],{"class":93},[57,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67791,36383],{"class":63},[57,67793,94],{"class":93},[57,67795,54186],{"class":97},[57,67797,101],{"class":93},[57,67799,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67801,107],{"class":93},[57,67803,72],{"class":71},[57,67805,664],{"class":75},[57,67807,104],{"class":71},[57,67809,112],{"class":93},[57,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67813,119],{"class":118},[57,67815,101],{"class":93},[57,67817,36383],{"class":97},[57,67819,112],{"class":93},[20,67821,243],{},[48,67823,67824],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67825,67826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67827,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67829,258],{"class":93},[57,67831,261],{"class":71},[57,67833,293],{"class":75},[57,67835,261],{"class":71},[57,67837,107],{"class":93},[57,67839,271],{"class":71},[57,67841,664],{"class":75},[57,67843,261],{"class":71},[57,67845,107],{"class":93},[57,67847,271],{"class":71},[57,67849,673],{"class":75},[57,67851,261],{"class":71},[57,67853,288],{"class":93},[572,67855,8688,67857,67859],{"id":67856},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67858,54503],{}," to replace an item",[20,67861,67862,67864],{},[15,67863,54503],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[48,67866,67868],{"className":50,"code":67867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67869,67870,67890,67908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67871,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67873,3853],{"class":63},[57,67875,68],{"class":67},[57,67877,1380],{"class":93},[57,67879,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67881,107],{"class":93},[57,67883,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67885,107],{"class":93},[57,67887,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67889,288],{"class":93},[57,67891,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67893,3883],{"class":63},[57,67895,94],{"class":93},[57,67897,54186],{"class":97},[57,67899,101],{"class":93},[57,67901,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67903,107],{"class":93},[57,67905,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67907,112],{"class":93},[57,67909,67910,67912,67914,67916],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67911,119],{"class":118},[57,67913,101],{"class":93},[57,67915,3883],{"class":97},[57,67917,112],{"class":93},[20,67919,243],{},[48,67921,67923],{"className":50,"code":67922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67924,67925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67926,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67928,258],{"class":93},[57,67930,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67932,107],{"class":93},[57,67934,10432],{"class":1023},[57,67936,107],{"class":93},[57,67938,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67940,107],{"class":93},[57,67942,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67944,288],{"class":93},[20,67946,67947],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[48,67949,67951],{"className":50,"code":67950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67952,67953,67973,67987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67954,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67956,3853],{"class":63},[57,67958,68],{"class":67},[57,67960,1380],{"class":93},[57,67962,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67964,107],{"class":93},[57,67966,1024],{"class":1023},[57,67968,107],{"class":93},[57,67970,2686],{"class":1023},[57,67972,288],{"class":93},[57,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,67976,3883],{"class":63},[57,67978,258],{"class":93},[57,67980,3224],{"class":1023},[57,67982,13504],{"class":93},[57,67984,13507],{"class":67},[57,67986,14362],{"class":1023},[57,67988,67989,67991,67993,67995],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,67990,119],{"class":118},[57,67992,101],{"class":93},[57,67994,3883],{"class":97},[57,67996,112],{"class":93},[20,67998,243],{},[48,68000,68002],{"className":50,"code":68001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68003,68004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68005,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016,68018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68007,258],{"class":93},[57,68009,3224],{"class":1023},[57,68011,107],{"class":93},[57,68013,10432],{"class":1023},[57,68015,107],{"class":93},[57,68017,2686],{"class":1023},[57,68019,288],{"class":93},[572,68021,68023],{"id":68022},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68025,68026,68028],{},[15,68027,54503],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68030,68031],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[48,68033,68035],{"className":50,"code":68034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68036,68037,68053,68077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68038,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68040,3853],{"class":63},[57,68042,68],{"class":67},[57,68044,1380],{"class":93},[57,68046,3224],{"class":1023},[57,68048,107],{"class":93},[57,68050,2692],{"class":1023},[57,68052,288],{"class":93},[57,68054,68055,68057,68059,68061,68063,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68056,3883],{"class":63},[57,68058,94],{"class":93},[57,68060,54186],{"class":97},[57,68062,101],{"class":93},[57,68064,3224],{"class":1023},[57,68066,107],{"class":93},[57,68068,1380],{"class":93},[57,68070,1931],{"class":1023},[57,68072,107],{"class":93},[57,68074,2686],{"class":1023},[57,68076,1280],{"class":93},[57,68078,68079,68081,68083,68085],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,68080,119],{"class":118},[57,68082,101],{"class":93},[57,68084,3883],{"class":97},[57,68086,112],{"class":93},[20,68088,243],{},[48,68090,68092],{"className":50,"code":68091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68093,68094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68095,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68097,258],{"class":93},[57,68099,3224],{"class":1023},[57,68101,107],{"class":93},[57,68103,1380],{"class":93},[57,68105,1931],{"class":1023},[57,68107,107],{"class":93},[57,68109,2686],{"class":1023},[57,68111,18296],{"class":93},[57,68113,2692],{"class":1023},[57,68115,288],{"class":93},[20,68117,68118,68119,94],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[293,68120,55755,68121,742],{"href":53579},[15,68122,53681],{},[572,68124,68126],{"id":68125},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68128,345,68129,68131],{},[15,68130,54503],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[48,68133,68135],{"className":50,"code":68134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68136,68137,68147,68161,68179,68193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68140,119],{"class":118},[57,68142,101],{"class":93},[57,68144,8574],{"class":97},[57,68146,112],{"class":93},[57,68148,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68150,119],{"class":118},[57,68152,101],{"class":93},[57,68154,2009],{"class":118},[57,68156,101],{"class":93},[57,68158,8574],{"class":97},[57,68160,640],{"class":93},[57,68162,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,68164,119],{"class":118},[57,68166,101],{"class":93},[57,68168,8574],{"class":97},[57,68170,94],{"class":93},[57,68172,54186],{"class":24987},[57,68174,94],{"class":93},[57,68176,34687],{"class":472},[57,68178,112],{"class":93},[57,68180,68181,68183,68185,68187,68189,68191],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,68182,32392],{"class":118},[57,68184,101],{"class":93},[57,68186,1188],{"class":1256},[57,68188,94],{"class":93},[57,68190,54186],{"class":24987},[57,68192,112],{"class":93},[57,68194,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,68196,1257],{"class":1256},[57,68198,101],{"class":93},[57,68200,8574],{"class":97},[57,68202,112],{"class":93},[20,68204,68205],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,68207,68208,68211,68214,68217],{},[33,68209,68210],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,68212,68213],{},"How long the list is",[33,68215,68216],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,68218,68219],{},"How Python describes the method",[43,68221,1637,68223],{"id":68222},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68224,54503],{},[20,68226,136,68227,68229],{},[15,68228,54503],{}," when position matters.",[20,68231,36666],{},[30,68233,68234,68237,68240,68243],{},[33,68235,68236],{},"Ordered menus",[33,68238,68239],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,68241,68242],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,68244,68245],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68247,68248,68249,68251,68252,68254,68255,68257],{},"You usually do ",[153,68250,175],{}," need ",[15,68253,54503],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68256,52887],{}," is simpler.",[20,68259,68260,68261,94],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[293,68262,57389],{"href":57388},[43,68264,2075],{"id":2074},[572,68266,2099,68268,55704],{"id":68267},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68269,54146],{},[20,68271,68272,68273,94],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68274,4012],{},[572,68276,68278],{"id":68277},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68280,68281],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[572,68283,5402,68285,68287],{"id":68284},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68286,54146],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68289,68290,68291,68293],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68292,53681],{}," or slicing.",[572,68295,2079,68297,2082,68299,2085],{"id":68296},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68298,54503],{},[15,68300,52887],{},[20,68302,68303,68305,68306,68308],{},[15,68304,54503],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68307,52887],{}," adds only at the end.",[43,68310,2132],{"id":2131},[30,68312,68313,68319,68325,68329,68333,68337],{},[33,68314,68315],{},[293,68316,55755,68317,742],{"href":57003},[15,68318,52887],{},[33,68320,68321],{},[293,68322,55755,68323,742],{"href":53579},[15,68324,53681],{},[33,68326,68327],{},[293,68328,54513],{"href":53283},[33,68330,68331],{},[293,68332,53006],{"href":51214},[33,68334,68335],{},[293,68336,57463],{"href":57388},[33,68338,68339],{},[293,68340,30586,68341,33874],{"href":54531},[15,68342,68343],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2161,68345,68346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":68348},[68349,68351,68352,68353,68359,68366,68375,68377,68386],{"id":66534,"depth":82,"text":68350},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5663,"depth":82,"text":5664},{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":66906,"depth":82,"text":66907,"children":68354},[68355,68356,68357,68358],{"id":66918,"depth":115,"text":66919},{"id":67009,"depth":115,"text":67010},{"id":67095,"depth":115,"text":67096},{"id":67181,"depth":115,"text":67182},{"id":67311,"depth":82,"text":68360,"children":68361},"insert() vs append()",[68362,68364],{"id":67321,"depth":115,"text":68363},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67334,"depth":115,"text":68365},"Use append() when:",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":68367},[68368,68370,68371,68373,68374],{"id":67535,"depth":115,"text":68369},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67705,"depth":115,"text":67706},{"id":67856,"depth":115,"text":68372},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68022,"depth":115,"text":68023},{"id":68125,"depth":115,"text":68126},{"id":68222,"depth":82,"text":68376},"When to use insert()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":68378},[68379,68381,68382,68384],{"id":68267,"depth":115,"text":68380},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68277,"depth":115,"text":68278},{"id":68284,"depth":115,"text":68383},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68296,"depth":115,"text":68385},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66444,"description":68387},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68394,"title":68395,"body":68396,"description":69948,"extension":2201,"meta":69949,"navigation":217,"path":59206,"seo":69950,"stem":69951,"__hash__":69952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68397,"toc":69921},[68398,68404,68413,68462,68464,68472,68478,68480,68498,68504,68509,68512,68515,68530,68532,68584,68586,68594,68602,68609,68611,68617,68682,68684,68692,68694,68713,68716,68767,68771,68776,68803,68805,68813,68816,68885,68887,68902,68908,68912,68921,68924,68979,68981,68989,68992,68994,69039,69041,69049,69055,69057,69065,69068,69070,69109,69111,69150,69155,69157,69159,69194,69197,69199,69237,69241,69247,69249,69300,69302,69310,69317,69320,69341,69344,69399,69410,69412,69473,69475,69483,69488,69494,69497,69500,69557,69560,69573,69580,69586,69592,69594,69607,69610,69707,69709,69726,69729,69811,69813,69835,69842,69848,69850,69854,69860,69866,69871,69875,69878,69884,69891,69893,69918],[10,68399,68401,68402,3896],{"id":68400},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68403,2009],{},[20,68405,68406,68407,68409,68410,68412],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68408,42601],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68411,42601],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[48,68414,68416],{"className":50,"code":68415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68417,68418,68438,68452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68419,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68421,3853],{"class":63},[57,68423,68],{"class":67},[57,68425,1380],{"class":93},[57,68427,941],{"class":1023},[57,68429,107],{"class":93},[57,68431,8025],{"class":1023},[57,68433,107],{"class":93},[57,68435,8030],{"class":1023},[57,68437,288],{"class":93},[57,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68441,41482],{"class":63},[57,68443,68],{"class":67},[57,68445,38626],{"class":118},[57,68447,101],{"class":93},[57,68449,3883],{"class":97},[57,68451,112],{"class":93},[57,68453,68454,68456,68458,68460],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,68455,119],{"class":118},[57,68457,101],{"class":93},[57,68459,41500],{"class":97},[57,68461,112],{"class":93},[20,68463,243],{},[48,68465,68466],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68467,68468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68469,68470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68471,46853],{"class":1023},[20,68473,136,68474,68477],{},[15,68475,68476],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[43,68479,15395],{"id":15394},[30,68481,68482,68487,68492,68495],{},[33,68483,4430,68484,68486],{},[15,68485,42601],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68488,68489,68490,1179],{},"What value ",[15,68491,42601],{},[33,68493,68494],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68496,68497],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[43,68499,143,68501,68503],{"id":68500},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68502,42601],{}," returns for a list",[20,68505,68506,65316],{},[15,68507,68508],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68510,68511],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68513,68514],{},"A few important points:",[30,68516,68517,68520,68525],{},[33,68518,68519],{},"It counts list items",[33,68521,41146,68522,68524],{},[153,68523,175],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68526,68527,68528],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68529,1277],{},[20,68531,179],{},[48,68533,68535],{"className":50,"code":68534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68536,68537,68570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68538,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68540,4304],{"class":63},[57,68542,68],{"class":67},[57,68544,1380],{"class":93},[57,68546,104],{"class":71},[57,68548,1296],{"class":75},[57,68550,104],{"class":71},[57,68552,107],{"class":93},[57,68554,72],{"class":71},[57,68556,68557],{"class":75},"elephant",[57,68559,104],{"class":71},[57,68561,107],{"class":93},[57,68563,72],{"class":71},[57,68565,1305],{"class":75},[57,68567,104],{"class":71},[57,68569,288],{"class":93},[57,68571,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68573,119],{"class":118},[57,68575,101],{"class":93},[57,68577,2009],{"class":118},[57,68579,101],{"class":93},[57,68581,4345],{"class":97},[57,68583,640],{"class":93},[20,68585,243],{},[48,68587,68588],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68589,68590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68591,68592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68593,46853],{"class":1023},[20,68595,21213,68596,68599,68600,65323],{},[15,68597,68598],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[153,68601,52891],{},[20,68603,68604,68605,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[293,68606,3809,68607,3742],{"href":42598},[15,68608,42601],{},[43,68610,6020],{"id":6019},[20,68612,68613,68614,68616],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68615,42601],{},", and print the result.",[48,68618,68620],{"className":50,"code":68619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68621,68622,68654,68668,68672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68625,13308],{"class":63},[57,68627,68],{"class":67},[57,68629,1380],{"class":93},[57,68631,104],{"class":71},[57,68633,264],{"class":75},[57,68635,104],{"class":71},[57,68637,107],{"class":93},[57,68639,72],{"class":71},[57,68641,283],{"class":75},[57,68643,104],{"class":71},[57,68645,107],{"class":93},[57,68647,72],{"class":71},[57,68649,274],{"class":75},[57,68651,104],{"class":71},[57,68653,288],{"class":93},[57,68655,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68657,41482],{"class":63},[57,68659,68],{"class":67},[57,68661,38626],{"class":118},[57,68663,101],{"class":93},[57,68665,17736],{"class":97},[57,68667,112],{"class":93},[57,68669,68670],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,68671,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,68673,68674,68676,68678,68680],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,68675,119],{"class":118},[57,68677,101],{"class":93},[57,68679,41500],{"class":97},[57,68681,112],{"class":93},[20,68683,243],{},[48,68685,68686],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68687,68688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68689,68690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68691,46853],{"class":1023},[20,68693,11916],{},[30,68695,68696,68701,68708],{},[33,68697,68698,68700],{},[15,68699,17736],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68702,68703,2631,68706],{},[15,68704,68705],{},"len(colors)",[15,68707,2299],{},[33,68709,68710,68711],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68712,41500],{},[20,68714,68715],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[48,68717,68719],{"className":50,"code":68718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68720,68721,68753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68722,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68724,13308],{"class":63},[57,68726,68],{"class":67},[57,68728,1380],{"class":93},[57,68730,104],{"class":71},[57,68732,264],{"class":75},[57,68734,104],{"class":71},[57,68736,107],{"class":93},[57,68738,72],{"class":71},[57,68740,283],{"class":75},[57,68742,104],{"class":71},[57,68744,107],{"class":93},[57,68746,72],{"class":71},[57,68748,274],{"class":75},[57,68750,104],{"class":71},[57,68752,288],{"class":93},[57,68754,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68756,119],{"class":118},[57,68758,101],{"class":93},[57,68760,2009],{"class":118},[57,68762,101],{"class":93},[57,68764,17736],{"class":97},[57,68766,640],{"class":93},[43,68768,68770],{"id":68769},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68772,68773,68774,94],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68775,1277],{},[48,68777,68779],{"className":50,"code":68778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68780,68781,68789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68782,68783,68785,68787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68784,8014],{"class":63},[57,68786,68],{"class":67},[57,68788,8074],{"class":93},[57,68790,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68792,119],{"class":118},[57,68794,101],{"class":93},[57,68796,2009],{"class":118},[57,68798,101],{"class":93},[57,68800,8045],{"class":97},[57,68802,640],{"class":93},[20,68804,243],{},[48,68806,68807],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68808,68809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68810,68811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68812,47488],{"class":1023},[20,68814,68815],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[48,68817,68819],{"className":50,"code":68818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68820,68821,68829,68833,68851,68865,68871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68822,68823,68825,68827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68824,8014],{"class":63},[57,68826,68],{"class":67},[57,68828,8074],{"class":93},[57,68830,68831],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68832,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,68834,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,68836,7233],{"class":4110},[57,68838,38626],{"class":118},[57,68840,101],{"class":93},[57,68842,8045],{"class":97},[57,68844,3896],{"class":93},[57,68846,38636],{"class":67},[57,68848,4068],{"class":1023},[57,68850,6628],{"class":93},[57,68852,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,68854,8304],{"class":118},[57,68856,101],{"class":93},[57,68858,8045],{"class":97},[57,68860,258],{"class":93},[57,68862,1277],{"class":1023},[57,68864,1280],{"class":93},[57,68866,68867,68869],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,68868,27672],{"class":4110},[57,68870,6628],{"class":93},[57,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,68874,8304],{"class":118},[57,68876,101],{"class":93},[57,68878,104],{"class":71},[57,68880,52051],{"class":75},[57,68882,104],{"class":71},[57,68884,112],{"class":93},[20,68886,243],{},[48,68888,68890],{"className":50,"code":68889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is empty\n",[15,68891,68892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68893,68894,68896,68898,68900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68895,2218],{"class":63},[57,68897,1188],{"class":1256},[57,68899,8331],{"class":67},[57,68901,8337],{"class":63},[20,68903,68904,68905,68907],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[293,68906,53006],{"href":51214}," is a good next step.",[43,68909,68911],{"id":68910},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68913,68914,68916,68917,68920],{},[15,68915,42601],{}," counts only the ",[153,68918,68919],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68922,68923],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[48,68925,68927],{"className":50,"code":68926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68928,68929,68965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68930,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68932,9401],{"class":63},[57,68934,68],{"class":67},[57,68936,56529],{"class":93},[57,68938,3224],{"class":1023},[57,68940,107],{"class":93},[57,68942,1024],{"class":1023},[57,68944,18296],{"class":93},[57,68946,1380],{"class":93},[57,68948,2299],{"class":1023},[57,68950,107],{"class":93},[57,68952,2692],{"class":1023},[57,68954,18296],{"class":93},[57,68956,1380],{"class":93},[57,68958,2372],{"class":1023},[57,68960,107],{"class":93},[57,68962,37884],{"class":1023},[57,68964,53477],{"class":93},[57,68966,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,68968,119],{"class":118},[57,68970,101],{"class":93},[57,68972,2009],{"class":118},[57,68974,101],{"class":93},[57,68976,9440],{"class":97},[57,68978,640],{"class":93},[20,68980,243],{},[48,68982,68983],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68984,68985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68986,68987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68988,46853],{"class":1023},[20,68990,68991],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68993,1102],{},[48,68995,68997],{"className":50,"code":68996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68998,68999,69025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69000,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69002,59706],{"class":63},[57,69004,68],{"class":67},[57,69006,1380],{"class":93},[57,69008,3224],{"class":1023},[57,69010,107],{"class":93},[57,69012,1380],{"class":93},[57,69014,1931],{"class":1023},[57,69016,107],{"class":93},[57,69018,2686],{"class":1023},[57,69020,18296],{"class":93},[57,69022,2692],{"class":1023},[57,69024,288],{"class":93},[57,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69028,119],{"class":118},[57,69030,101],{"class":93},[57,69032,2009],{"class":118},[57,69034,101],{"class":93},[57,69036,59759],{"class":97},[57,69038,640],{"class":93},[20,69040,243],{},[48,69042,69043],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69044,69045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69046,69047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69048,46853],{"class":1023},[20,69050,21213,69051,69054],{},[15,69052,69053],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[43,69056,4751],{"id":4750},[572,69058,425,69060,11325,69063],{"id":69059},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69061,69062],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69064,68508],{},[20,69066,69067],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69069,16877],{},[48,69071,69073],{"className":50,"code":69072,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69074,69075,69095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69076,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69078,3853],{"class":63},[57,69080,68],{"class":67},[57,69082,1380],{"class":93},[57,69084,941],{"class":1023},[57,69086,107],{"class":93},[57,69088,8025],{"class":1023},[57,69090,107],{"class":93},[57,69092,8030],{"class":1023},[57,69094,288],{"class":93},[57,69096,69097,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69098,119],{"class":118},[57,69100,101],{"class":93},[57,69102,3883],{"class":97},[57,69104,94],{"class":93},[57,69106,2009],{"class":97},[57,69108,383],{"class":93},[20,69110,16889],{},[48,69112,69114],{"className":50,"code":69113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69115,69116,69136],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69117,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69119,3853],{"class":63},[57,69121,68],{"class":67},[57,69123,1380],{"class":93},[57,69125,941],{"class":1023},[57,69127,107],{"class":93},[57,69129,8025],{"class":1023},[57,69131,107],{"class":93},[57,69133,8030],{"class":1023},[57,69135,288],{"class":93},[57,69137,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69139,119],{"class":118},[57,69141,101],{"class":93},[57,69143,2009],{"class":118},[57,69145,101],{"class":93},[57,69147,3883],{"class":97},[57,69149,640],{"class":93},[20,69151,69152,69154],{},[15,69153,42601],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[572,69156,25925],{"id":25924},[20,69158,16877],{},[48,69160,69162],{"className":50,"code":69161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69163,69164,69184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69165,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69167,3853],{"class":63},[57,69169,68],{"class":67},[57,69171,1380],{"class":93},[57,69173,941],{"class":1023},[57,69175,107],{"class":93},[57,69177,8025],{"class":1023},[57,69179,107],{"class":93},[57,69181,8030],{"class":1023},[57,69183,288],{"class":93},[57,69185,69186,69188,69190,69192],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69187,119],{"class":118},[57,69189,101],{"class":93},[57,69191,2009],{"class":118},[57,69193,112],{"class":93},[20,69195,69196],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69198,16889],{},[48,69200,69201],{"className":50,"code":69113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69202,69203,69223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69204,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69206,3853],{"class":63},[57,69208,68],{"class":67},[57,69210,1380],{"class":93},[57,69212,941],{"class":1023},[57,69214,107],{"class":93},[57,69216,8025],{"class":1023},[57,69218,107],{"class":93},[57,69220,8030],{"class":1023},[57,69222,288],{"class":93},[57,69224,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69226,119],{"class":118},[57,69228,101],{"class":93},[57,69230,2009],{"class":118},[57,69232,101],{"class":93},[57,69234,3883],{"class":97},[57,69236,640],{"class":93},[572,69238,69240],{"id":69239},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69242,69243,69244,69246],{},"The length of a list is ",[153,69245,175],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69248,179],{},[48,69250,69252],{"className":50,"code":69251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69253,69254,69286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69255,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69257,36330],{"class":63},[57,69259,68],{"class":67},[57,69261,1380],{"class":93},[57,69263,104],{"class":71},[57,69265,293],{"class":75},[57,69267,104],{"class":71},[57,69269,107],{"class":93},[57,69271,72],{"class":71},[57,69273,664],{"class":75},[57,69275,104],{"class":71},[57,69277,107],{"class":93},[57,69279,72],{"class":71},[57,69281,673],{"class":75},[57,69283,104],{"class":71},[57,69285,288],{"class":93},[57,69287,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69289,119],{"class":118},[57,69291,101],{"class":93},[57,69293,2009],{"class":118},[57,69295,101],{"class":93},[57,69297,36383],{"class":97},[57,69299,640],{"class":93},[20,69301,243],{},[48,69303,69304],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69305,69306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69307,69308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69309,46853],{"class":1023},[20,69311,69312,69313,19198,69315,94],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69314,1931],{},[15,69316,2299],{},[20,69318,69319],{},"Indexes are:",[30,69321,69322,69329,69335],{},[33,69323,69324,69326,69327],{},[15,69325,1277],{}," for ",[15,69328,18330],{},[33,69330,69331,69326,69333],{},[15,69332,3224],{},[15,69334,65826],{},[33,69336,69337,69326,69339],{},[15,69338,1931],{},[15,69340,66712],{},[20,69342,69343],{},"So this causes an error:",[48,69345,69347],{"className":50,"code":69346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69348,69349,69381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69350,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69352,36330],{"class":63},[57,69354,68],{"class":67},[57,69356,1380],{"class":93},[57,69358,104],{"class":71},[57,69360,293],{"class":75},[57,69362,104],{"class":71},[57,69364,107],{"class":93},[57,69366,72],{"class":71},[57,69368,664],{"class":75},[57,69370,104],{"class":71},[57,69372,107],{"class":93},[57,69374,72],{"class":71},[57,69376,673],{"class":75},[57,69378,104],{"class":71},[57,69380,288],{"class":93},[57,69382,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69384,119],{"class":118},[57,69386,101],{"class":93},[57,69388,36383],{"class":97},[57,69390,258],{"class":93},[57,69392,2009],{"class":118},[57,69394,101],{"class":93},[57,69396,36383],{"class":97},[57,69398,10913],{"class":93},[20,69400,8731,69401,5016,69404,69406,69407,69409],{},[15,69402,69403],{},"len(letters)",[15,69405,2299],{},", and index ",[15,69408,2299],{}," does not exist.",[20,69411,19075],{},[48,69413,69415],{"className":50,"code":69414,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69416,69417,69449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69418,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69420,36330],{"class":63},[57,69422,68],{"class":67},[57,69424,1380],{"class":93},[57,69426,104],{"class":71},[57,69428,293],{"class":75},[57,69430,104],{"class":71},[57,69432,107],{"class":93},[57,69434,72],{"class":71},[57,69436,664],{"class":75},[57,69438,104],{"class":71},[57,69440,107],{"class":93},[57,69442,72],{"class":71},[57,69444,673],{"class":75},[57,69446,104],{"class":71},[57,69448,288],{"class":93},[57,69450,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69452,119],{"class":118},[57,69454,101],{"class":93},[57,69456,36383],{"class":97},[57,69458,258],{"class":93},[57,69460,2009],{"class":118},[57,69462,101],{"class":93},[57,69464,36383],{"class":97},[57,69466,3896],{"class":93},[57,69468,2455],{"class":67},[57,69470,1143],{"class":1023},[57,69472,1280],{"class":93},[20,69474,243],{},[48,69476,69477],{"className":50,"code":1777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69478,69479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69480,69481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69482,1777],{"class":63},[20,69484,69485,69486,94],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[293,69487,1940],{"href":1939},[572,69489,425,69491,69493],{"id":69490},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69492,42601],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69495,69496],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69498,69499],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[48,69501,69503],{"className":50,"code":69502,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69504,69505,69515,69529,69543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69506,69507,69509,69511,69513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69508,119],{"class":118},[57,69510,101],{"class":93},[57,69512,8574],{"class":97},[57,69514,112],{"class":93},[57,69516,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69518,119],{"class":118},[57,69520,101],{"class":93},[57,69522,2009],{"class":118},[57,69524,101],{"class":93},[57,69526,8574],{"class":97},[57,69528,640],{"class":93},[57,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,69532,119],{"class":118},[57,69534,101],{"class":93},[57,69536,1257],{"class":1256},[57,69538,101],{"class":93},[57,69540,8574],{"class":97},[57,69542,640],{"class":93},[57,69544,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,69546,119],{"class":118},[57,69548,101],{"class":93},[57,69550,8574],{"class":97},[57,69552,258],{"class":93},[57,69554,1277],{"class":1023},[57,69556,1280],{"class":93},[20,69558,69559],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69561,69562,69565,69567,69570],{},[33,69563,69564],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69566,61015],{},[33,69568,69569],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69571,69572],{},"what the first item is",[20,69574,69575,69576,69579],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69577,69578],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[43,69581,1637,69583,69585],{"id":69582},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69584,42601],{}," with lists",[20,69587,69588,69589,69591],{},"You will often use ",[15,69590,42601],{}," in real programs.",[20,69593,9609],{},[30,69595,69596,69598,69601,69604],{},[33,69597,52005],{},[33,69599,69600],{},"Control loops",[33,69602,69603],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69605,69606],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69608,69609],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[48,69611,69613],{"className":50,"code":69612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69614,69615,69635,69651,69655,69669,69683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69616,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69618,2790],{"class":63},[57,69620,68],{"class":67},[57,69622,1380],{"class":93},[57,69624,3224],{"class":1023},[57,69626,107],{"class":93},[57,69628,1024],{"class":1023},[57,69630,107],{"class":93},[57,69632,2686],{"class":1023},[57,69634,288],{"class":93},[57,69636,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69638,2818],{"class":63},[57,69640,68],{"class":67},[57,69642,1380],{"class":93},[57,69644,941],{"class":1023},[57,69646,107],{"class":93},[57,69648,8025],{"class":1023},[57,69650,288],{"class":93},[57,69652,69653],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,69654,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,69656,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,69658,119],{"class":118},[57,69660,101],{"class":93},[57,69662,2009],{"class":118},[57,69664,101],{"class":93},[57,69666,293],{"class":97},[57,69668,640],{"class":93},[57,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,69672,119],{"class":118},[57,69674,101],{"class":93},[57,69676,2009],{"class":118},[57,69678,101],{"class":93},[57,69680,664],{"class":97},[57,69682,640],{"class":93},[57,69684,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,69686,119],{"class":118},[57,69688,101],{"class":93},[57,69690,2009],{"class":118},[57,69692,101],{"class":93},[57,69694,293],{"class":97},[57,69696,3896],{"class":93},[57,69698,38636],{"class":67},[57,69700,38626],{"class":118},[57,69702,101],{"class":93},[57,69704,664],{"class":97},[57,69706,640],{"class":93},[20,69708,243],{},[48,69710,69712],{"className":50,"code":69711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69713,69714,69718,69722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69715,69716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69717,46853],{"class":1023},[57,69719,69720],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69721,17290],{"class":1023},[57,69723,69724],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,69725,4213],{"class":4085},[20,69727,69728],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[48,69730,69732],{"className":50,"code":69731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69733,69734,69766,69770,69792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69735,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69737,5227],{"class":63},[57,69739,68],{"class":67},[57,69741,1380],{"class":93},[57,69743,104],{"class":71},[57,69745,13112],{"class":75},[57,69747,104],{"class":71},[57,69749,107],{"class":93},[57,69751,72],{"class":71},[57,69753,36180],{"class":75},[57,69755,104],{"class":71},[57,69757,107],{"class":93},[57,69759,72],{"class":71},[57,69761,36189],{"class":75},[57,69763,104],{"class":71},[57,69765,288],{"class":93},[57,69767,69768],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69769,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,69771,69772,69774,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,69773,6191],{"class":4110},[57,69775,69776],{"class":63}," i ",[57,69778,4117],{"class":4110},[57,69780,54305],{"class":118},[57,69782,101],{"class":93},[57,69784,2009],{"class":118},[57,69786,101],{"class":93},[57,69788,5271],{"class":97},[57,69790,69791],{"class":93},")):\n",[57,69793,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802,69805,69807,69809],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,69795,8304],{"class":118},[57,69797,101],{"class":93},[57,69799,36394],{"class":97},[57,69801,107],{"class":93},[57,69803,69804],{"class":97}," names",[57,69806,258],{"class":93},[57,69808,36394],{"class":97},[57,69810,1280],{"class":93},[20,69812,243],{},[48,69814,69815],{"className":50,"code":36238,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69816,69817,69823,69829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69818,69819,69821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69820,1277],{"class":1023},[57,69822,36247],{"class":63},[57,69824,69825,69827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,69826,3224],{"class":1023},[57,69828,36254],{"class":63},[57,69830,69831,69833],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,69832,1931],{"class":1023},[57,69834,36261],{"class":63},[20,69836,69837,69838,94],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[293,69839,69841],{"href":69840},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69843,69844,69845,69847],{},"You can also read ",[293,69846,51782],{"href":51781}," for a task-focused guide.",[43,69849,2075],{"id":2074},[572,69851,69853],{"id":69852},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69855,136,69856,69859],{},[15,69857,69858],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[572,69861,2112,69863,12947],{"id":69862},"what-does-len-return",[15,69864,69865],{},"len([])",[20,69867,5380,69868,69870],{},[15,69869,1277],{}," because the list is empty.",[572,69872,69874],{"id":69873},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69876,69877],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[572,69879,28567,69881,69883],{"id":69880},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69882,69062],{}," in Python?",[20,69885,30509,69886,8457,69888,69890],{},[15,69887,68508],{},[15,69889,42601],{}," is a built-in function.",[43,69892,2132],{"id":2131},[30,69894,69895,69901,69905,69909,69913],{},[33,69896,69897],{},[293,69898,3809,69899,3742],{"href":42598},[15,69900,42601],{},[33,69902,69903],{},[293,69904,52825],{"href":51781},[33,69906,69907],{},[293,69908,53006],{"href":51214},[33,69910,69911],{},[293,69912,1940],{"href":1939},[33,69914,69915],{},[293,69916,69917],{"href":69840},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2161,69919,69920],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":69922},[69923,69924,69926,69927,69928,69929,69937,69939,69947],{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":68500,"depth":82,"text":69925},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":68769,"depth":82,"text":68770},{"id":68910,"depth":82,"text":68911},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":69930},[69931,69933,69934,69935],{"id":69059,"depth":115,"text":69932},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25924,"depth":115,"text":25925},{"id":69239,"depth":115,"text":69240},{"id":69490,"depth":115,"text":69936},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69582,"depth":82,"text":69938},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":69940},[69941,69942,69944,69945],{"id":69852,"depth":115,"text":69853},{"id":69862,"depth":115,"text":69943},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69873,"depth":115,"text":69874},{"id":69880,"depth":115,"text":69946},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68395,"description":69948},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69954,"title":69955,"body":69956,"description":71937,"extension":2201,"meta":71938,"navigation":217,"path":71939,"seo":71940,"stem":71941,"__hash__":71942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69957,"toc":71910},[69958,69961,69966,69969,69977,69990,69992,70057,70059,70081,70086,70090,70095,70103,70105,70115,70117,70198,70200,70230,70232,70251,70256,70273,70275,70359,70361,70391,70396,70400,70405,70489,70491,70521,70524,70528,70531,70622,70624,70662,70665,70750,70752,70782,70788,70795,70799,70804,70813,70815,70900,70902,70931,70934,70942,70946,70950,70959,70982,70984,71006,71008,71022,71024,71084,71088,71093,71132,71134,71151,71153,71163,71262,71267,71271,71276,71319,71321,71349,71351,71365,71440,71442,71464,71468,71471,71476,71487,71492,71500,71503,71574,71576,71601,71658,71660,71681,71690,71698,71703,71705,71710,71731,71734,71809,71812,71826,71833,71835,71839,71845,71849,71859,71863,71870,71874,71880,71882,71907],[10,69959,69955],{"id":69960},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69962,69963,69965],{},[15,69964,55317],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69967,69968],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69970,69971,69974],{},[33,69972,69973],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69975,69976],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69978,69979,69980,69982,69983,8940,69985,69989],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69981,12994],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69984,12994],{},[293,69986,69987],{"href":55307},[15,69988,55764],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[43,69991,46],{"id":45},[48,69993,69995],{"className":50,"code":69994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69996,69997,70017,70032,70036,70047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69998,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70000,3853],{"class":63},[57,70002,68],{"class":67},[57,70004,1380],{"class":93},[57,70006,941],{"class":1023},[57,70008,107],{"class":93},[57,70010,8025],{"class":1023},[57,70012,107],{"class":93},[57,70014,8030],{"class":1023},[57,70016,288],{"class":93},[57,70018,70019,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70020,70021],{"class":63},"last_item ",[57,70023,68],{"class":67},[57,70025,4495],{"class":63},[57,70027,94],{"class":93},[57,70029,26479],{"class":97},[57,70031,212],{"class":93},[57,70033,70034],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70035,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70037,70038,70040,70042,70045],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70039,119],{"class":118},[57,70041,101],{"class":93},[57,70043,70044],{"class":97},"last_item",[57,70046,112],{"class":93},[57,70048,70049,70051,70053,70055],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70050,119],{"class":118},[57,70052,101],{"class":93},[57,70054,3883],{"class":97},[57,70056,112],{"class":93},[20,70058,243],{},[48,70060,70062],{"className":50,"code":70061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70063,70064,70069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70065,70066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70067,70068],{"class":1023},"30\n",[57,70070,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70072,258],{"class":93},[57,70074,941],{"class":1023},[57,70076,107],{"class":93},[57,70078,8025],{"class":1023},[57,70080,288],{"class":93},[20,70082,136,70083,70085],{},[15,70084,12994],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[43,70087,70089],{"id":70088},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70091,70092,70094],{},[15,70093,12994],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,70096,70097,70100],{},[33,70098,70099],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,70101,70102],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70104,43885],{},[30,70106,70107,70110,70113],{},[33,70108,70109],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,70111,70112],{},"It changes the original list",[33,70114,52980],{},[20,70116,179],{},[48,70118,70120],{"className":50,"code":70119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70121,70122,70154,70158,70173,70177,70188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70123,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70125,13308],{"class":63},[57,70127,68],{"class":67},[57,70129,1380],{"class":93},[57,70131,104],{"class":71},[57,70133,264],{"class":75},[57,70135,104],{"class":71},[57,70137,107],{"class":93},[57,70139,72],{"class":71},[57,70141,283],{"class":75},[57,70143,104],{"class":71},[57,70145,107],{"class":93},[57,70147,72],{"class":71},[57,70149,274],{"class":75},[57,70151,104],{"class":71},[57,70153,288],{"class":93},[57,70155,70156],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70157,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70159,70160,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70161,70162],{"class":63},"removed ",[57,70164,68],{"class":67},[57,70166,13354],{"class":63},[57,70168,94],{"class":93},[57,70170,26479],{"class":97},[57,70172,212],{"class":93},[57,70174,70175],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70176,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70178,70179,70181,70183,70186],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70180,119],{"class":118},[57,70182,101],{"class":93},[57,70184,70185],{"class":97},"removed",[57,70187,112],{"class":93},[57,70189,70190,70192,70194,70196],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70191,119],{"class":118},[57,70193,101],{"class":93},[57,70195,17736],{"class":97},[57,70197,112],{"class":93},[20,70199,243],{},[48,70201,70203],{"className":50,"code":70202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70204,70205,70210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70206,70207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70208,70209],{"class":63},"blue\n",[57,70211,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70213,258],{"class":93},[57,70215,261],{"class":71},[57,70217,264],{"class":75},[57,70219,261],{"class":71},[57,70221,107],{"class":93},[57,70223,271],{"class":71},[57,70225,283],{"class":75},[57,70227,261],{"class":71},[57,70229,288],{"class":93},[43,70231,300],{"id":299},[48,70233,70235],{"className":50,"code":70234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70236,70237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70238,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70240,1188],{"class":1256},[57,70242,94],{"class":93},[57,70244,26479],{"class":97},[57,70246,3221],{"class":93},[57,70248,36085],{"class":97},[57,70250,1280],{"class":93},[20,70252,2218,70253,70255],{},[15,70254,36085],{}," is optional.",[30,70257,70258,70264,70270],{},[33,70259,70260,70261,70263],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70262,12994],{}," removes the last item",[33,70265,70266,70267,70269],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70268,12994],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,70271,70272],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70274,179],{},[48,70276,70278],{"className":50,"code":70277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70279,70280,70312,70316,70335,70339,70349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70283,36330],{"class":63},[57,70285,68],{"class":67},[57,70287,1380],{"class":93},[57,70289,104],{"class":71},[57,70291,293],{"class":75},[57,70293,104],{"class":71},[57,70295,107],{"class":93},[57,70297,72],{"class":71},[57,70299,664],{"class":75},[57,70301,104],{"class":71},[57,70303,107],{"class":93},[57,70305,72],{"class":71},[57,70307,673],{"class":75},[57,70309,104],{"class":71},[57,70311,288],{"class":93},[57,70313,70314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70315,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70317,70318,70320,70322,70325,70327,70329,70331,70333],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70319,28777],{"class":63},[57,70321,68],{"class":67},[57,70323,70324],{"class":63}," letters",[57,70326,94],{"class":93},[57,70328,26479],{"class":97},[57,70330,101],{"class":93},[57,70332,3224],{"class":1023},[57,70334,112],{"class":93},[57,70336,70337],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70338,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70340,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70342,119],{"class":118},[57,70344,101],{"class":93},[57,70346,23547],{"class":97},[57,70348,112],{"class":93},[57,70350,70351,70353,70355,70357],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70352,119],{"class":118},[57,70354,101],{"class":93},[57,70356,36383],{"class":97},[57,70358,112],{"class":93},[20,70360,243],{},[48,70362,70364],{"className":50,"code":70363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70365,70366,70371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70367,70368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70369,70370],{"class":63},"b\n",[57,70372,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70374,258],{"class":93},[57,70376,261],{"class":71},[57,70378,293],{"class":75},[57,70380,261],{"class":71},[57,70382,107],{"class":93},[57,70384,271],{"class":71},[57,70386,673],{"class":75},[57,70388,261],{"class":71},[57,70390,288],{"class":93},[20,70392,70393,70394,94],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[293,70395,53006],{"href":51214},[43,70397,70399],{"id":70398},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70401,431,70402,70404],{},[15,70403,12994],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[48,70406,70408],{"className":50,"code":70407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70409,70410,70445,70449,70464,70468,70479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70411,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70423,70425,70427,70429,70432,70434,70436,70438,70441,70443],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70413,30136],{"class":63},[57,70415,68],{"class":67},[57,70417,1380],{"class":93},[57,70419,104],{"class":71},[57,70421,70422],{"class":75},"write",[57,70424,104],{"class":71},[57,70426,107],{"class":93},[57,70428,72],{"class":71},[57,70430,70431],{"class":75},"test",[57,70433,104],{"class":71},[57,70435,107],{"class":93},[57,70437,72],{"class":71},[57,70439,70440],{"class":75},"submit",[57,70442,104],{"class":71},[57,70444,288],{"class":93},[57,70446,70447],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70448,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70450,70451,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70452,70453],{"class":63},"last_task ",[57,70455,68],{"class":67},[57,70457,30214],{"class":63},[57,70459,94],{"class":93},[57,70461,26479],{"class":97},[57,70463,212],{"class":93},[57,70465,70466],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70467,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70469,70470,70472,70474,70477],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70471,119],{"class":118},[57,70473,101],{"class":93},[57,70475,70476],{"class":97},"last_task",[57,70478,112],{"class":93},[57,70480,70481,70483,70485,70487],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70482,119],{"class":118},[57,70484,101],{"class":93},[57,70486,36746],{"class":97},[57,70488,112],{"class":93},[20,70490,243],{},[48,70492,70494],{"className":50,"code":70493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70495,70496,70501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70497,70498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70499,70500],{"class":63},"submit\n",[57,70502,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70504,258],{"class":93},[57,70506,261],{"class":71},[57,70508,70422],{"class":75},[57,70510,261],{"class":71},[57,70512,107],{"class":93},[57,70514,271],{"class":71},[57,70516,70431],{"class":75},[57,70518,261],{"class":71},[57,70520,288],{"class":93},[20,70522,70523],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[43,70525,70527],{"id":70526},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70529,70530],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[48,70532,70534],{"className":50,"code":70533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70535,70536,70576,70580,70598,70602,70612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70537,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572,70574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70539,36479],{"class":63},[57,70541,68],{"class":67},[57,70543,1380],{"class":93},[57,70545,104],{"class":71},[57,70547,836],{"class":75},[57,70549,104],{"class":71},[57,70551,107],{"class":93},[57,70553,72],{"class":71},[57,70555,845],{"class":75},[57,70557,104],{"class":71},[57,70559,107],{"class":93},[57,70561,72],{"class":71},[57,70563,854],{"class":75},[57,70565,104],{"class":71},[57,70567,107],{"class":93},[57,70569,72],{"class":71},[57,70571,33461],{"class":75},[57,70573,104],{"class":71},[57,70575,288],{"class":93},[57,70577,70578],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70579,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70581,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70583,70162],{"class":63},[57,70585,68],{"class":67},[57,70587,53086],{"class":63},[57,70589,94],{"class":93},[57,70591,26479],{"class":97},[57,70593,101],{"class":93},[57,70595,3224],{"class":1023},[57,70597,112],{"class":93},[57,70599,70600],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70601,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70603,70604,70606,70608,70610],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70605,119],{"class":118},[57,70607,101],{"class":93},[57,70609,70185],{"class":97},[57,70611,112],{"class":93},[57,70613,70614,70616,70618,70620],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70615,119],{"class":118},[57,70617,101],{"class":93},[57,70619,36531],{"class":97},[57,70621,112],{"class":93},[20,70623,243],{},[48,70625,70627],{"className":50,"code":70626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70628,70629,70634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70630,70631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70632,70633],{"class":63},"banana\n",[57,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70637,258],{"class":93},[57,70639,261],{"class":71},[57,70641,836],{"class":75},[57,70643,261],{"class":71},[57,70645,107],{"class":93},[57,70647,271],{"class":71},[57,70649,854],{"class":75},[57,70651,261],{"class":71},[57,70653,107],{"class":93},[57,70655,271],{"class":71},[57,70657,33461],{"class":75},[57,70659,261],{"class":71},[57,70661,288],{"class":93},[20,70663,70664],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[48,70666,70668],{"className":50,"code":70667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70669,70670,70702,70706,70726,70730,70740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70671,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70673,36479],{"class":63},[57,70675,68],{"class":67},[57,70677,1380],{"class":93},[57,70679,104],{"class":71},[57,70681,836],{"class":75},[57,70683,104],{"class":71},[57,70685,107],{"class":93},[57,70687,72],{"class":71},[57,70689,845],{"class":75},[57,70691,104],{"class":71},[57,70693,107],{"class":93},[57,70695,72],{"class":71},[57,70697,854],{"class":75},[57,70699,104],{"class":71},[57,70701,288],{"class":93},[57,70703,70704],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70705,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70707,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70709,70162],{"class":63},[57,70711,68],{"class":67},[57,70713,53086],{"class":63},[57,70715,94],{"class":93},[57,70717,26479],{"class":97},[57,70719,101],{"class":93},[57,70721,1415],{"class":67},[57,70723,3224],{"class":1023},[57,70725,112],{"class":93},[57,70727,70728],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70729,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70733,119],{"class":118},[57,70735,101],{"class":93},[57,70737,70185],{"class":97},[57,70739,112],{"class":93},[57,70741,70742,70744,70746,70748],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70743,119],{"class":118},[57,70745,101],{"class":93},[57,70747,36531],{"class":97},[57,70749,112],{"class":93},[20,70751,243],{},[48,70753,70755],{"className":50,"code":70754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70756,70757,70762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70758,70759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70760,70761],{"class":63},"cherry\n",[57,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70765,258],{"class":93},[57,70767,261],{"class":71},[57,70769,836],{"class":75},[57,70771,261],{"class":71},[57,70773,107],{"class":93},[57,70775,271],{"class":71},[57,70777,845],{"class":75},[57,70779,261],{"class":71},[57,70781,288],{"class":93},[20,70783,70784,70785,70787],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70786,66085],{}," means the last item.",[20,70789,70790,70791,94],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[293,70792,70793,742],{"href":59198},[15,70794,65096],{},[43,70796,70798],{"id":70797},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70800,70801,70803],{},[15,70802,12994],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70805,70806,70807,2082,70809,94],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70808,12994],{},[293,70810,70811],{"href":55307},[15,70812,55764],{},[20,70814,179],{},[48,70816,70818],{"className":50,"code":70817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70819,70820,70852,70856,70875,70879,70890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70823,5227],{"class":63},[57,70825,68],{"class":67},[57,70827,1380],{"class":93},[57,70829,104],{"class":71},[57,70831,13112],{"class":75},[57,70833,104],{"class":71},[57,70835,107],{"class":93},[57,70837,72],{"class":71},[57,70839,36180],{"class":75},[57,70841,104],{"class":71},[57,70843,107],{"class":93},[57,70845,72],{"class":71},[57,70847,36189],{"class":75},[57,70849,104],{"class":71},[57,70851,288],{"class":93},[57,70853,70854],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70855,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70857,70858,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,70859,70860],{"class":63},"removed_name ",[57,70862,68],{"class":67},[57,70864,69804],{"class":63},[57,70866,94],{"class":93},[57,70868,26479],{"class":97},[57,70870,101],{"class":93},[57,70872,1277],{"class":1023},[57,70874,112],{"class":93},[57,70876,70877],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,70878,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,70880,70881,70883,70885,70888],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,70882,119],{"class":118},[57,70884,101],{"class":93},[57,70886,70887],{"class":97},"removed_name",[57,70889,112],{"class":93},[57,70891,70892,70894,70896,70898],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,70893,119],{"class":118},[57,70895,101],{"class":93},[57,70897,5271],{"class":97},[57,70899,112],{"class":93},[20,70901,243],{},[48,70903,70905],{"className":50,"code":70904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70906,70907,70911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70908,70909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70910,50276],{"class":63},[57,70912,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70914,258],{"class":93},[57,70916,261],{"class":71},[57,70918,36180],{"class":75},[57,70920,261],{"class":71},[57,70922,107],{"class":93},[57,70924,271],{"class":71},[57,70926,36189],{"class":75},[57,70928,261],{"class":71},[57,70930,288],{"class":93},[20,70932,70933],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70935,70936,70937,70939,70940,94],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70938,55764],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70941,4012],{},[43,70943,70945],{"id":70944},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[572,70947,70949],{"id":70948},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70951,70952,70953,70955,70956,94],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70954,12994],{}," raises an ",[15,70957,70958],{},"IndexError",[48,70960,70962],{"className":50,"code":70961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70963,70964,70972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70965,70966,70968,70970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70967,8014],{"class":63},[57,70969,68],{"class":67},[57,70971,8074],{"class":93},[57,70973,70974,70976,70978,70980],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,70975,8045],{"class":63},[57,70977,94],{"class":93},[57,70979,26479],{"class":97},[57,70981,212],{"class":93},[20,70983,243],{},[48,70985,70987],{"className":50,"code":70986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70988,70989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70990,70991,70993,70995,70998,71001,71004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70992,70958],{"class":1256},[57,70994,1016],{"class":93},[57,70996,70997],{"class":63}," pop ",[57,70999,71000],{"class":4110},"from",[57,71002,71003],{"class":63}," empty ",[57,71005,50122],{"class":1256},[20,71007,39502],{},[30,71009,71010,71015],{},[33,71011,71012,71013],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71014,12994],{},[33,71016,71017,71018,2082,71020],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71019,30042],{},[15,71021,30073],{},[20,71023,179],{},[48,71025,71027],{"className":50,"code":71026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71028,71029,71037,71041,71049,71063,71069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71030,71031,71033,71035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71032,8014],{"class":63},[57,71034,68],{"class":67},[57,71036,8074],{"class":93},[57,71038,71039],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71040,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,71042,71043,71045,71047],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71044,7233],{"class":4110},[57,71046,6199],{"class":63},[57,71048,6628],{"class":93},[57,71050,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71052,8304],{"class":118},[57,71054,101],{"class":93},[57,71056,8045],{"class":97},[57,71058,94],{"class":93},[57,71060,26479],{"class":97},[57,71062,383],{"class":93},[57,71064,71065,71067],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,71066,27672],{"class":4110},[57,71068,6628],{"class":93},[57,71070,71071,71073,71075,71077,71080,71082],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,71072,8304],{"class":118},[57,71074,101],{"class":93},[57,71076,104],{"class":71},[57,71078,71079],{"class":75},"The list is empty.",[57,71081,104],{"class":71},[57,71083,112],{"class":93},[572,71085,71087],{"id":71086},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71089,71090,71091,94],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71092,70958],{},[48,71094,71096],{"className":50,"code":71095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71097,71098,71118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71099,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71101,3853],{"class":63},[57,71103,68],{"class":67},[57,71105,1380],{"class":93},[57,71107,941],{"class":1023},[57,71109,107],{"class":93},[57,71111,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71113,107],{"class":93},[57,71115,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71117,288],{"class":93},[57,71119,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71121,3883],{"class":63},[57,71123,94],{"class":93},[57,71125,26479],{"class":97},[57,71127,101],{"class":93},[57,71129,2372],{"class":1023},[57,71131,112],{"class":93},[20,71133,243],{},[48,71135,71137],{"className":50,"code":71136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71138,71139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71140,71141,71143,71145,71148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71142,70958],{"class":1256},[57,71144,1016],{"class":93},[57,71146,71147],{"class":63}," pop index out of ",[57,71149,71150],{"class":118},"range\n",[20,71152,39502],{},[30,71154,71155,71160],{},[33,71156,71157,71158],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71159,42601],{},[33,71161,71162],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[48,71164,71166],{"className":50,"code":71165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71167,71168,71188,71197,71201,71223,71241,71247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71169,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71171,3853],{"class":63},[57,71173,68],{"class":67},[57,71175,1380],{"class":93},[57,71177,941],{"class":1023},[57,71179,107],{"class":93},[57,71181,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71183,107],{"class":93},[57,71185,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71187,288],{"class":93},[57,71189,71190,71193,71195],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71191,71192],{"class":63},"index ",[57,71194,68],{"class":67},[57,71196,45825],{"class":1023},[57,71198,71199],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71200,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,71202,71203,71205,71207,71210,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71204,7233],{"class":4110},[57,71206,4068],{"class":1023},[57,71208,71209],{"class":67}," \u003C=",[57,71211,71212],{"class":63}," index ",[57,71214,1323],{"class":67},[57,71216,38626],{"class":118},[57,71218,101],{"class":93},[57,71220,3883],{"class":97},[57,71222,8577],{"class":93},[57,71224,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,71226,8304],{"class":118},[57,71228,101],{"class":93},[57,71230,3883],{"class":97},[57,71232,94],{"class":93},[57,71234,26479],{"class":97},[57,71236,101],{"class":93},[57,71238,36085],{"class":97},[57,71240,640],{"class":93},[57,71242,71243,71245],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,71244,27672],{"class":4110},[57,71246,6628],{"class":93},[57,71248,71249,71251,71253,71255,71258,71260],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,71250,8304],{"class":118},[57,71252,101],{"class":93},[57,71254,104],{"class":71},[57,71256,71257],{"class":75},"Index is out of range.",[57,71259,104],{"class":71},[57,71261,112],{"class":93},[20,71263,71264,71265,94],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[293,71266,1940],{"href":1939},[572,71268,71270],{"id":71269},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71272,71273,71275],{},[15,71274,12994],{}," expects an integer index.",[48,71277,71279],{"className":50,"code":71278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71280,71281,71301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71282,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71284,3853],{"class":63},[57,71286,68],{"class":67},[57,71288,1380],{"class":93},[57,71290,941],{"class":1023},[57,71292,107],{"class":93},[57,71294,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71296,107],{"class":93},[57,71298,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71300,288],{"class":93},[57,71302,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71304,3883],{"class":63},[57,71306,94],{"class":93},[57,71308,26479],{"class":97},[57,71310,101],{"class":93},[57,71312,104],{"class":71},[57,71314,3224],{"class":75},[57,71316,104],{"class":71},[57,71318,112],{"class":93},[20,71320,243],{},[48,71322,71324],{"className":50,"code":71323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71325,71326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71327,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71343,71346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71329,3241],{"class":1256},[57,71331,1016],{"class":93},[57,71333,271],{"class":71},[57,71335,3676],{"class":75},[57,71337,261],{"class":71},[57,71339,24854],{"class":1256},[57,71341,71342],{"class":63}," cannot be interpreted ",[57,71344,71345],{"class":4110},"as",[57,71347,71348],{"class":63}," an integer\n",[20,71350,39502],{},[30,71352,71353,71362],{},[33,71354,71355,71356,754,71358,758,71360],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71357,1277],{},[15,71359,3224],{},[15,71361,66085],{},[33,71363,71364],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[48,71366,71368],{"className":50,"code":71367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71369,71370,71390,71408,71412,71430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71371,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71373,3853],{"class":63},[57,71375,68],{"class":67},[57,71377,1380],{"class":93},[57,71379,941],{"class":1023},[57,71381,107],{"class":93},[57,71383,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71385,107],{"class":93},[57,71387,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71389,288],{"class":93},[57,71391,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71393,71192],{"class":63},[57,71395,68],{"class":67},[57,71397,45512],{"class":1256},[57,71399,101],{"class":93},[57,71401,104],{"class":71},[57,71403,3224],{"class":75},[57,71405,104],{"class":71},[57,71407,112],{"class":93},[57,71409,71410],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71411,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,71413,71414,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71415,119],{"class":118},[57,71417,101],{"class":93},[57,71419,3883],{"class":97},[57,71421,94],{"class":93},[57,71423,26479],{"class":97},[57,71425,101],{"class":93},[57,71427,36085],{"class":97},[57,71429,640],{"class":93},[57,71431,71432,71434,71436,71438],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,71433,119],{"class":118},[57,71435,101],{"class":93},[57,71437,3883],{"class":97},[57,71439,112],{"class":93},[20,71441,243],{},[48,71443,71445],{"className":50,"code":71444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71446,71447,71452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71448,71449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71450,71451],{"class":1023},"20\n",[57,71453,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71455,258],{"class":93},[57,71457,941],{"class":1023},[57,71459,107],{"class":93},[57,71461,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71463,288],{"class":93},[43,71465,71467],{"id":71466},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71469,71470],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[572,71472,136,71474,10835],{"id":71473},"use-pop-when",[15,71475,12994],{},[30,71477,71478,71481,71484],{},[33,71479,71480],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71482,71483],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71485,71486],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[572,71488,136,71490,10835],{"id":71489},"use-remove-when",[15,71491,55764],{},[30,71493,71494,71497],{},[33,71495,71496],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71498,71499],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71501,71502],{},"Compare these examples:",[48,71504,71506],{"className":50,"code":71505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71507,71508,71532,71536,71554,71564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71509,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71511,3853],{"class":63},[57,71513,68],{"class":67},[57,71515,1380],{"class":93},[57,71517,941],{"class":1023},[57,71519,107],{"class":93},[57,71521,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71523,107],{"class":93},[57,71525,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71527,107],{"class":93},[57,71529,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71531,288],{"class":93},[57,71533,71534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71535,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,71537,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71539,70162],{"class":63},[57,71541,68],{"class":67},[57,71543,4495],{"class":63},[57,71545,94],{"class":93},[57,71547,26479],{"class":97},[57,71549,101],{"class":93},[57,71551,3224],{"class":1023},[57,71553,112],{"class":93},[57,71555,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71557,119],{"class":118},[57,71559,101],{"class":93},[57,71561,70185],{"class":97},[57,71563,112],{"class":93},[57,71565,71566,71568,71570,71572],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,71567,119],{"class":118},[57,71569,101],{"class":93},[57,71571,3883],{"class":97},[57,71573,112],{"class":93},[20,71575,243],{},[48,71577,71579],{"className":50,"code":71578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71580,71581,71585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71582,71583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71584,71451],{"class":1023},[57,71586,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71588,258],{"class":93},[57,71590,941],{"class":1023},[57,71592,107],{"class":93},[57,71594,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71596,107],{"class":93},[57,71598,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71600,288],{"class":93},[48,71602,71604],{"className":50,"code":71603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71605,71606,71630,71634,71648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71607,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71609,3853],{"class":63},[57,71611,68],{"class":67},[57,71613,1380],{"class":93},[57,71615,941],{"class":1023},[57,71617,107],{"class":93},[57,71619,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71621,107],{"class":93},[57,71623,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71625,107],{"class":93},[57,71627,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71629,288],{"class":93},[57,71631,71632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71633,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,71635,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71637,3883],{"class":63},[57,71639,94],{"class":93},[57,71641,35032],{"class":97},[57,71643,101],{"class":93},[57,71645,15987],{"class":1023},[57,71647,112],{"class":93},[57,71649,71650,71652,71654,71656],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71651,119],{"class":118},[57,71653,101],{"class":93},[57,71655,3883],{"class":97},[57,71657,112],{"class":93},[20,71659,243],{},[48,71661,71663],{"className":50,"code":71662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71664,71665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71666,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71668,258],{"class":93},[57,71670,941],{"class":1023},[57,71672,107],{"class":93},[57,71674,8030],{"class":1023},[57,71676,107],{"class":93},[57,71678,8025],{"class":1023},[57,71680,288],{"class":93},[20,71682,71683,71684,71687,71688,94],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71685,71686],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71689,3224],{},[20,71691,56839,71692,71695,71696,94],{},[15,71693,71694],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71697,15987],{},[20,71699,71700,71701,94],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[293,71702,55303],{"href":55302},[43,71704,1673],{"id":1672},[20,71706,71707,71708,1016],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71709,12994],{},[30,71711,71712,71715,71718,71724,71728],{},[33,71713,71714],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71716,71717],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71719,37444,71720,8940,71722],{},[15,71721,12994],{},[15,71723,55764],{},[33,71725,8688,71726,62202],{},[15,71727,12994],{},[33,71729,71730],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71732,71733],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[48,71735,71737],{"className":50,"code":71736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71738,71739,71749,71763,71777,71795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71740,71741,71743,71745,71747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71742,119],{"class":118},[57,71744,101],{"class":93},[57,71746,8574],{"class":97},[57,71748,112],{"class":93},[57,71750,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,71752,119],{"class":118},[57,71754,101],{"class":93},[57,71756,2009],{"class":118},[57,71758,101],{"class":93},[57,71760,8574],{"class":97},[57,71762,640],{"class":93},[57,71764,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,71766,119],{"class":118},[57,71768,101],{"class":93},[57,71770,8574],{"class":97},[57,71772,94],{"class":93},[57,71774,26479],{"class":97},[57,71776,383],{"class":93},[57,71778,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,71780,119],{"class":118},[57,71782,101],{"class":93},[57,71784,8574],{"class":97},[57,71786,94],{"class":93},[57,71788,26479],{"class":97},[57,71790,101],{"class":93},[57,71792,1277],{"class":1023},[57,71794,640],{"class":93},[57,71796,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,71798,119],{"class":118},[57,71800,101],{"class":93},[57,71802,1257],{"class":1256},[57,71804,101],{"class":93},[57,71806,36085],{"class":97},[57,71808,640],{"class":93},[20,71810,71811],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71813,71814,71820],{},[33,71815,71816,71819],{},[15,71817,71818],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71821,71822,71825],{},[15,71823,71824],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71827,71828,71829,71832],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71830,71831],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[43,71834,2075],{"id":2074},[572,71836,71838],{"id":71837},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71840,71841,71842,71844],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71843,12994],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[572,71846,71848],{"id":71847},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71850,71851,71853,71854,71856,71857,94],{},[15,71852,12994],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71855,55764],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71858,4012],{},[572,71860,71862],{"id":71861},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71864,71865,71866,71869],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71867,71868],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[572,71871,71873],{"id":71872},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71875,71876,71877,71879],{},"Python raises ",[15,71878,70958],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[43,71881,2132],{"id":2131},[30,71883,71884,71888,71893,71898,71903],{},[33,71885,71886],{},[293,71887,55750],{"href":55302},[33,71889,71890],{},[293,71891,71892],{"href":55307},"Python list remove() method",[33,71894,71895],{},[293,71896,71897],{"href":59198},"Python list index() method",[33,71899,71900],{},[293,71901,71902],{"href":51214},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71904,71905],{},[293,71906,1940],{"href":1939},[2161,71908,71909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":71911},[71912,71913,71914,71915,71916,71917,71918,71923,71929,71930,71936],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":70088,"depth":82,"text":70089},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":70398,"depth":82,"text":70399},{"id":70526,"depth":82,"text":70527},{"id":70797,"depth":82,"text":70798},{"id":70944,"depth":82,"text":70945,"children":71919},[71920,71921,71922],{"id":70948,"depth":115,"text":70949},{"id":71086,"depth":115,"text":71087},{"id":71269,"depth":115,"text":71270},{"id":71466,"depth":82,"text":71467,"children":71924},[71925,71927],{"id":71473,"depth":115,"text":71926},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71489,"depth":115,"text":71928},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":71931},[71932,71933,71934,71935],{"id":71837,"depth":115,"text":71838},{"id":71847,"depth":115,"text":71848},{"id":71861,"depth":115,"text":71862},{"id":71872,"depth":115,"text":71873},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69955,"description":71937},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71944,"title":71945,"body":71946,"description":73732,"extension":2201,"meta":73733,"navigation":217,"path":73734,"seo":73735,"stem":73736,"__hash__":73737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71947,"toc":73714},[71948,71951,71956,71962,71964,72034,72040,72044,72049,72070,72073,72140,72142,72163,72171,72173,72192,72208,72210,72275,72277,72302,72304,72306,72371,72373,72398,72400,72414,72417,72470,72472,72493,72497,72505,72578,72580,72613,72619,72625,72716,72718,72743,72749,72838,72840,72864,72866,72870,72925,72927,72959,72962,72965,73059,73061,73094,73100,73106,73110,73117,73143,73147,73212,73214,73239,73243,73324,73326,73355,73360,73365,73371,73375,73382,73404,73408,73467,73469,73493,73502,73507,73509,73513,73542,73544,73619,73622,73636,73642,73644,73648,73651,73655,73660,73664,73673,73677,73685,73687,73711],[10,71949,71945],{"id":71950},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71952,2218,71953,71955],{},[15,71954,55310],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71957,71958,71959,71961],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[153,71960,2708],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[43,71963,46],{"id":45},[48,71965,71967],{"className":50,"code":71966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71968,71969,72001,72019,72029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71970,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71972,8014],{"class":63},[57,71974,68],{"class":67},[57,71976,1380],{"class":93},[57,71978,104],{"class":71},[57,71980,836],{"class":75},[57,71982,104],{"class":71},[57,71984,107],{"class":93},[57,71986,72],{"class":71},[57,71988,845],{"class":75},[57,71990,104],{"class":71},[57,71992,107],{"class":93},[57,71994,72],{"class":71},[57,71996,33461],{"class":75},[57,71998,104],{"class":71},[57,72000,288],{"class":93},[57,72002,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72004,8045],{"class":63},[57,72006,94],{"class":93},[57,72008,35032],{"class":97},[57,72010,101],{"class":93},[57,72012,104],{"class":71},[57,72014,845],{"class":75},[57,72016,104],{"class":71},[57,72018,112],{"class":93},[57,72020,72021,72023,72025,72027],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72022,119],{"class":118},[57,72024,101],{"class":93},[57,72026,8045],{"class":97},[57,72028,112],{"class":93},[57,72030,72031],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,72032,72033],{"class":132},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72035,136,72036,72039],{},[15,72037,72038],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[43,72041,72043],{"id":72042},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72045,72046,72048],{},[15,72047,55764],{}," is a list method that:",[30,72050,72051,72057,72062,72067],{},[33,72052,72053,72054,72056],{},"Deletes the ",[153,72055,30147],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,72058,72059,72060],{},"Changes the original list ",[153,72061,11565],{},[33,72063,2099,72064,72066],{},[153,72065,175],{}," return a new list",[33,72068,72069],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72071,72072],{},"This is important for beginners:",[48,72074,72076],{"className":50,"code":72075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72077,72078,72098,72116,72120,72130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72079,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72081,3853],{"class":63},[57,72083,68],{"class":67},[57,72085,1380],{"class":93},[57,72087,3224],{"class":1023},[57,72089,107],{"class":93},[57,72091,1024],{"class":1023},[57,72093,107],{"class":93},[57,72095,2686],{"class":1023},[57,72097,288],{"class":93},[57,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72101,2463],{"class":63},[57,72103,68],{"class":67},[57,72105,4495],{"class":63},[57,72107,94],{"class":93},[57,72109,35032],{"class":97},[57,72111,101],{"class":93},[57,72113,1931],{"class":1023},[57,72115,112],{"class":93},[57,72117,72118],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72119,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,72121,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,72123,119],{"class":118},[57,72125,101],{"class":93},[57,72127,3883],{"class":97},[57,72129,112],{"class":93},[57,72131,72132,72134,72136,72138],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,72133,119],{"class":118},[57,72135,101],{"class":93},[57,72137,2498],{"class":97},[57,72139,112],{"class":93},[20,72141,243],{},[48,72143,72145],{"className":50,"code":72144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72146,72147,72159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72148,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72150,258],{"class":93},[57,72152,3224],{"class":1023},[57,72154,107],{"class":93},[57,72156,2686],{"class":1023},[57,72158,288],{"class":93},[57,72160,72161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72162,12040],{"class":4085},[20,72164,72165,72166,72168,72169,94],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72167,55764],{}," itself returned ",[15,72170,4012],{},[43,72172,5664],{"id":5663},[48,72174,72176],{"className":50,"code":72175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72177,72178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72179,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72181,1188],{"class":1256},[57,72183,94],{"class":93},[57,72185,35032],{"class":97},[57,72187,101],{"class":93},[57,72189,2708],{"class":97},[57,72191,112],{"class":93},[30,72193,72194,72199,72202],{},[33,72195,72196,72198],{},[15,72197,2708],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,72200,72201],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,72203,72204,72205,72207],{},"Only the ",[153,72206,30147],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72209,179],{},[48,72211,72213],{"className":50,"code":72212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72214,72215,72247,72265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72216,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72218,36330],{"class":63},[57,72220,68],{"class":67},[57,72222,1380],{"class":93},[57,72224,104],{"class":71},[57,72226,293],{"class":75},[57,72228,104],{"class":71},[57,72230,107],{"class":93},[57,72232,72],{"class":71},[57,72234,664],{"class":75},[57,72236,104],{"class":71},[57,72238,107],{"class":93},[57,72240,72],{"class":71},[57,72242,673],{"class":75},[57,72244,104],{"class":71},[57,72246,288],{"class":93},[57,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72250,36383],{"class":63},[57,72252,94],{"class":93},[57,72254,35032],{"class":97},[57,72256,101],{"class":93},[57,72258,104],{"class":71},[57,72260,664],{"class":75},[57,72262,104],{"class":71},[57,72264,112],{"class":93},[57,72266,72267,72269,72271,72273],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72268,119],{"class":118},[57,72270,101],{"class":93},[57,72272,36383],{"class":97},[57,72274,112],{"class":93},[20,72276,243],{},[48,72278,72280],{"className":50,"code":72279,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72281,72282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72285,258],{"class":93},[57,72287,261],{"class":71},[57,72289,293],{"class":75},[57,72291,261],{"class":71},[57,72293,107],{"class":93},[57,72295,271],{"class":71},[57,72297,673],{"class":75},[57,72299,261],{"class":71},[57,72301,288],{"class":93},[43,72303,6020],{"id":6019},[20,72305,65405],{},[48,72307,72309],{"className":50,"code":72308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72310,72311,72343,72361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72312,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72314,13308],{"class":63},[57,72316,68],{"class":67},[57,72318,1380],{"class":93},[57,72320,104],{"class":71},[57,72322,264],{"class":75},[57,72324,104],{"class":71},[57,72326,107],{"class":93},[57,72328,72],{"class":71},[57,72330,274],{"class":75},[57,72332,104],{"class":71},[57,72334,107],{"class":93},[57,72336,72],{"class":71},[57,72338,283],{"class":75},[57,72340,104],{"class":71},[57,72342,288],{"class":93},[57,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72346,17736],{"class":63},[57,72348,94],{"class":93},[57,72350,35032],{"class":97},[57,72352,101],{"class":93},[57,72354,104],{"class":71},[57,72356,274],{"class":75},[57,72358,104],{"class":71},[57,72360,112],{"class":93},[57,72362,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72364,119],{"class":118},[57,72366,101],{"class":93},[57,72368,17736],{"class":97},[57,72370,112],{"class":93},[20,72372,243],{},[48,72374,72376],{"className":50,"code":72375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72377,72378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72379,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72381,258],{"class":93},[57,72383,261],{"class":71},[57,72385,264],{"class":75},[57,72387,261],{"class":71},[57,72389,107],{"class":93},[57,72391,271],{"class":71},[57,72393,283],{"class":75},[57,72395,261],{"class":71},[57,72397,288],{"class":93},[20,72399,11916],{},[30,72401,72402,72405,72411],{},[33,72403,72404],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,72406,72407,72410],{},[15,72408,72409],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,72412,72413],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72415,72416],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[48,72418,72420],{"className":50,"code":72419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72421,72422,72446,72460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72423,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72425,5296],{"class":63},[57,72427,68],{"class":67},[57,72429,1380],{"class":93},[57,72431,941],{"class":1023},[57,72433,107],{"class":93},[57,72435,8025],{"class":1023},[57,72437,107],{"class":93},[57,72439,8030],{"class":1023},[57,72441,107],{"class":93},[57,72443,51079],{"class":1023},[57,72445,288],{"class":93},[57,72447,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72449,16622],{"class":63},[57,72451,94],{"class":93},[57,72453,35032],{"class":97},[57,72455,101],{"class":93},[57,72457,37082],{"class":1023},[57,72459,112],{"class":93},[57,72461,72462,72464,72466,72468],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72463,119],{"class":118},[57,72465,101],{"class":93},[57,72467,16622],{"class":97},[57,72469,112],{"class":93},[20,72471,243],{},[48,72473,72475],{"className":50,"code":72474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72476,72477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72480,258],{"class":93},[57,72482,941],{"class":1023},[57,72484,107],{"class":93},[57,72486,8025],{"class":1023},[57,72488,107],{"class":93},[57,72490,51079],{"class":1023},[57,72492,288],{"class":93},[43,72494,72496],{"id":72495},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72498,65395,72499,72501,72502,72504],{},[15,72500,55764],{}," deletes only the ",[153,72503,30147],{}," one.",[48,72506,72508],{"className":50,"code":72507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72509,72510,72550,72568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72511,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72513,8014],{"class":63},[57,72515,68],{"class":67},[57,72517,1380],{"class":93},[57,72519,104],{"class":71},[57,72521,836],{"class":75},[57,72523,104],{"class":71},[57,72525,107],{"class":93},[57,72527,72],{"class":71},[57,72529,845],{"class":75},[57,72531,104],{"class":71},[57,72533,107],{"class":93},[57,72535,72],{"class":71},[57,72537,836],{"class":75},[57,72539,104],{"class":71},[57,72541,107],{"class":93},[57,72543,72],{"class":71},[57,72545,33461],{"class":75},[57,72547,104],{"class":71},[57,72549,288],{"class":93},[57,72551,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72553,8045],{"class":63},[57,72555,94],{"class":93},[57,72557,35032],{"class":97},[57,72559,101],{"class":93},[57,72561,104],{"class":71},[57,72563,836],{"class":75},[57,72565,104],{"class":71},[57,72567,112],{"class":93},[57,72569,72570,72572,72574,72576],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72571,119],{"class":118},[57,72573,101],{"class":93},[57,72575,8045],{"class":97},[57,72577,112],{"class":93},[20,72579,243],{},[48,72581,72583],{"className":50,"code":72582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72584,72585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72586,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72588,258],{"class":93},[57,72590,261],{"class":71},[57,72592,845],{"class":75},[57,72594,261],{"class":71},[57,72596,107],{"class":93},[57,72598,271],{"class":71},[57,72600,836],{"class":75},[57,72602,261],{"class":71},[57,72604,107],{"class":93},[57,72606,271],{"class":71},[57,72608,33461],{"class":75},[57,72610,261],{"class":71},[57,72612,288],{"class":93},[20,72614,72615,72616,72618],{},"Only the first ",[15,72617,58068],{}," was removed.",[20,72620,72621,72622,72624],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72623,55764],{}," again:",[48,72626,72628],{"className":50,"code":72627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72629,72630,72670,72688,72706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72633,8014],{"class":63},[57,72635,68],{"class":67},[57,72637,1380],{"class":93},[57,72639,104],{"class":71},[57,72641,836],{"class":75},[57,72643,104],{"class":71},[57,72645,107],{"class":93},[57,72647,72],{"class":71},[57,72649,845],{"class":75},[57,72651,104],{"class":71},[57,72653,107],{"class":93},[57,72655,72],{"class":71},[57,72657,836],{"class":75},[57,72659,104],{"class":71},[57,72661,107],{"class":93},[57,72663,72],{"class":71},[57,72665,33461],{"class":75},[57,72667,104],{"class":71},[57,72669,288],{"class":93},[57,72671,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72673,8045],{"class":63},[57,72675,94],{"class":93},[57,72677,35032],{"class":97},[57,72679,101],{"class":93},[57,72681,104],{"class":71},[57,72683,836],{"class":75},[57,72685,104],{"class":71},[57,72687,112],{"class":93},[57,72689,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72691,8045],{"class":63},[57,72693,94],{"class":93},[57,72695,35032],{"class":97},[57,72697,101],{"class":93},[57,72699,104],{"class":71},[57,72701,836],{"class":75},[57,72703,104],{"class":71},[57,72705,112],{"class":93},[57,72707,72708,72710,72712,72714],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,72709,119],{"class":118},[57,72711,101],{"class":93},[57,72713,8045],{"class":97},[57,72715,112],{"class":93},[20,72717,243],{},[48,72719,72721],{"className":50,"code":72720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72722,72723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72724,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72726,258],{"class":93},[57,72728,261],{"class":71},[57,72730,845],{"class":75},[57,72732,261],{"class":71},[57,72734,107],{"class":93},[57,72736,271],{"class":71},[57,72738,33461],{"class":75},[57,72740,261],{"class":71},[57,72742,288],{"class":93},[20,72744,72745,72746,72748],{},"If you need to remove ",[153,72747,3950],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[48,72750,72752],{"className":50,"code":72751,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72753,72754,72794,72828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72755,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72757,8014],{"class":63},[57,72759,68],{"class":67},[57,72761,1380],{"class":93},[57,72763,104],{"class":71},[57,72765,836],{"class":75},[57,72767,104],{"class":71},[57,72769,107],{"class":93},[57,72771,72],{"class":71},[57,72773,845],{"class":75},[57,72775,104],{"class":71},[57,72777,107],{"class":93},[57,72779,72],{"class":71},[57,72781,836],{"class":75},[57,72783,104],{"class":71},[57,72785,107],{"class":93},[57,72787,72],{"class":71},[57,72789,33461],{"class":75},[57,72791,104],{"class":71},[57,72793,288],{"class":93},[57,72795,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72813,72815,72817,72820,72822,72824,72826],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72797,8014],{"class":63},[57,72799,68],{"class":67},[57,72801,1380],{"class":93},[57,72803,28777],{"class":63},[57,72805,6191],{"class":4110},[57,72807,6194],{"class":63},[57,72809,4117],{"class":4110},[57,72811,72812],{"class":63}," items ",[57,72814,7233],{"class":4110},[57,72816,6194],{"class":63},[57,72818,72819],{"class":67},"!=",[57,72821,72],{"class":71},[57,72823,836],{"class":75},[57,72825,104],{"class":71},[57,72827,288],{"class":93},[57,72829,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,72831,119],{"class":118},[57,72833,101],{"class":93},[57,72835,8045],{"class":97},[57,72837,112],{"class":93},[20,72839,243],{},[48,72841,72842],{"className":50,"code":72720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,72843,72844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72845,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72847,258],{"class":93},[57,72849,261],{"class":71},[57,72851,845],{"class":75},[57,72853,261],{"class":71},[57,72855,107],{"class":93},[57,72857,271],{"class":71},[57,72859,33461],{"class":75},[57,72861,261],{"class":71},[57,72863,288],{"class":93},[43,72865,65861],{"id":65860},[20,72867,65864,72868,94],{},[15,72869,40944],{},[48,72871,72873],{"className":50,"code":72872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72874,72875,72907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72876,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72878,8014],{"class":63},[57,72880,68],{"class":67},[57,72882,1380],{"class":93},[57,72884,104],{"class":71},[57,72886,836],{"class":75},[57,72888,104],{"class":71},[57,72890,107],{"class":93},[57,72892,72],{"class":71},[57,72894,845],{"class":75},[57,72896,104],{"class":71},[57,72898,107],{"class":93},[57,72900,72],{"class":71},[57,72902,33461],{"class":75},[57,72904,104],{"class":71},[57,72906,288],{"class":93},[57,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,72910,8045],{"class":63},[57,72912,94],{"class":93},[57,72914,35032],{"class":97},[57,72916,101],{"class":93},[57,72918,104],{"class":71},[57,72920,22769],{"class":75},[57,72922,104],{"class":71},[57,72924,112],{"class":93},[20,72926,243],{},[48,72928,72930],{"className":50,"code":72929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72931,72932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72935,40944],{"class":1256},[57,72937,1016],{"class":93},[57,72939,22796],{"class":1256},[57,72941,94],{"class":93},[57,72943,35032],{"class":97},[57,72945,101],{"class":93},[57,72947,2409],{"class":97},[57,72949,16685],{"class":93},[57,72951,4114],{"class":63},[57,72953,175],{"class":67},[57,72955,21409],{"class":67},[57,72957,72958],{"class":1256}," list\n",[20,72960,72961],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72963,72964],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[48,72966,72968],{"className":50,"code":72967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72969,72970,73002,73014,73018,73030,73045,73049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72971,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72973,8014],{"class":63},[57,72975,68],{"class":67},[57,72977,1380],{"class":93},[57,72979,104],{"class":71},[57,72981,836],{"class":75},[57,72983,104],{"class":71},[57,72985,107],{"class":93},[57,72987,72],{"class":71},[57,72989,845],{"class":75},[57,72991,104],{"class":71},[57,72993,107],{"class":93},[57,72995,72],{"class":71},[57,72997,33461],{"class":75},[57,72999,104],{"class":71},[57,73001,288],{"class":93},[57,73003,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73005,2681],{"class":63},[57,73007,68],{"class":67},[57,73009,72],{"class":71},[57,73011,22769],{"class":75},[57,73013,79],{"class":71},[57,73015,73016],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73017,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,73019,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,73021,7233],{"class":4110},[57,73023,21820],{"class":63},[57,73025,4117],{"class":67},[57,73027,6199],{"class":63},[57,73029,6628],{"class":93},[57,73031,73032,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,73033,73034],{"class":63},"    items",[57,73036,94],{"class":93},[57,73038,35032],{"class":97},[57,73040,101],{"class":93},[57,73042,2708],{"class":97},[57,73044,112],{"class":93},[57,73046,73047],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,73048,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,73050,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,73052,119],{"class":118},[57,73054,101],{"class":93},[57,73056,8045],{"class":97},[57,73058,112],{"class":93},[20,73060,243],{},[48,73062,73064],{"className":50,"code":73063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73065,73066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73067,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73069,258],{"class":93},[57,73071,261],{"class":71},[57,73073,836],{"class":75},[57,73075,261],{"class":71},[57,73077,107],{"class":93},[57,73079,271],{"class":71},[57,73081,845],{"class":75},[57,73083,261],{"class":71},[57,73085,107],{"class":93},[57,73087,271],{"class":71},[57,73089,33461],{"class":75},[57,73091,261],{"class":71},[57,73093,288],{"class":93},[20,73095,73096,73097,73099],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73098,55764],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73101,73102,73103,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[293,73104,66070],{"href":73105},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[43,73107,73109],{"id":73108},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73111,73112,2082,73114,73116],{},[15,73113,55764],{},[15,73115,12994],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,73118,73119,73126,73132,73138],{},[33,73120,73121,73123,73124],{},[15,73122,55764],{}," deletes by ",[153,73125,2708],{},[33,73127,73128,73123,73130],{},[15,73129,12994],{},[153,73131,36085],{},[33,73133,73134,2631,73136],{},[15,73135,55764],{},[15,73137,4012],{},[33,73139,73140,73142],{},[15,73141,12994],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73144,46276,73145,1016],{},[15,73146,55764],{},[48,73148,73150],{"className":50,"code":73149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73151,73152,73184,73202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73153,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73155,8014],{"class":63},[57,73157,68],{"class":67},[57,73159,1380],{"class":93},[57,73161,104],{"class":71},[57,73163,836],{"class":75},[57,73165,104],{"class":71},[57,73167,107],{"class":93},[57,73169,72],{"class":71},[57,73171,845],{"class":75},[57,73173,104],{"class":71},[57,73175,107],{"class":93},[57,73177,72],{"class":71},[57,73179,33461],{"class":75},[57,73181,104],{"class":71},[57,73183,288],{"class":93},[57,73185,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73187,8045],{"class":63},[57,73189,94],{"class":93},[57,73191,35032],{"class":97},[57,73193,101],{"class":93},[57,73195,104],{"class":71},[57,73197,845],{"class":75},[57,73199,104],{"class":71},[57,73201,112],{"class":93},[57,73203,73204,73206,73208,73210],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73205,119],{"class":118},[57,73207,101],{"class":93},[57,73209,8045],{"class":97},[57,73211,112],{"class":93},[20,73213,243],{},[48,73215,73217],{"className":50,"code":73216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73218,73219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73220,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73222,258],{"class":93},[57,73224,261],{"class":71},[57,73226,836],{"class":75},[57,73228,261],{"class":71},[57,73230,107],{"class":93},[57,73232,271],{"class":71},[57,73234,33461],{"class":75},[57,73236,261],{"class":71},[57,73238,288],{"class":93},[20,73240,46276,73241,1016],{},[15,73242,12994],{},[48,73244,73246],{"className":50,"code":73245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73247,73248,73280,73299,73303,73313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73249,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73251,8014],{"class":63},[57,73253,68],{"class":67},[57,73255,1380],{"class":93},[57,73257,104],{"class":71},[57,73259,836],{"class":75},[57,73261,104],{"class":71},[57,73263,107],{"class":93},[57,73265,72],{"class":71},[57,73267,845],{"class":75},[57,73269,104],{"class":71},[57,73271,107],{"class":93},[57,73273,72],{"class":71},[57,73275,33461],{"class":75},[57,73277,104],{"class":71},[57,73279,288],{"class":93},[57,73281,73282,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73283,73284],{"class":63},"removed_item ",[57,73286,68],{"class":67},[57,73288,6199],{"class":63},[57,73290,94],{"class":93},[57,73292,26479],{"class":97},[57,73294,101],{"class":93},[57,73296,3224],{"class":1023},[57,73298,112],{"class":93},[57,73300,73301],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73302,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,73304,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,73306,119],{"class":118},[57,73308,101],{"class":93},[57,73310,8045],{"class":97},[57,73312,112],{"class":93},[57,73314,73315,73317,73319,73322],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,73316,119],{"class":118},[57,73318,101],{"class":93},[57,73320,73321],{"class":97},"removed_item",[57,73323,112],{"class":93},[20,73325,243],{},[48,73327,73329],{"className":50,"code":73328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73330,73331,73351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73332,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73334,258],{"class":93},[57,73336,261],{"class":71},[57,73338,836],{"class":75},[57,73340,261],{"class":71},[57,73342,107],{"class":93},[57,73344,271],{"class":71},[57,73346,33461],{"class":75},[57,73348,261],{"class":71},[57,73350,288],{"class":93},[57,73352,73353],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73354,70633],{"class":63},[20,73356,136,73357,73359],{},[15,73358,55764],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73361,136,73362,73364],{},[15,73363,12994],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73366,73367,73368,94],{},"For more detail, see the ",[293,73369,73370],{"href":55314},"Python list pop() method",[43,73372,73374],{"id":73373},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73376,73377,2082,73379,73381],{},[15,73378,55764],{},[15,73380,27263],{}," are also different.",[30,73383,73384,73389,73394,73399],{},[33,73385,73386,73388],{},[15,73387,55764],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,73390,73391,73393],{},[15,73392,27263],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,73395,136,73396,73398],{},[15,73397,27263],{}," when you know the position",[33,73400,136,73401,73403],{},[15,73402,55764],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73405,46276,73406,1016],{},[15,73407,27263],{},[48,73409,73411],{"className":50,"code":73410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73412,73413,73445,73457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73414,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73416,8014],{"class":63},[57,73418,68],{"class":67},[57,73420,1380],{"class":93},[57,73422,104],{"class":71},[57,73424,836],{"class":75},[57,73426,104],{"class":71},[57,73428,107],{"class":93},[57,73430,72],{"class":71},[57,73432,845],{"class":75},[57,73434,104],{"class":71},[57,73436,107],{"class":93},[57,73438,72],{"class":71},[57,73440,33461],{"class":75},[57,73442,104],{"class":71},[57,73444,288],{"class":93},[57,73446,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73448,27263],{"class":4110},[57,73450,6199],{"class":63},[57,73452,258],{"class":93},[57,73454,3224],{"class":1023},[57,73456,288],{"class":93},[57,73458,73459,73461,73463,73465],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73460,119],{"class":118},[57,73462,101],{"class":93},[57,73464,8045],{"class":97},[57,73466,112],{"class":93},[20,73468,243],{},[48,73470,73471],{"className":50,"code":73216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,73472,73473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73474,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73476,258],{"class":93},[57,73478,261],{"class":71},[57,73480,836],{"class":75},[57,73482,261],{"class":71},[57,73484,107],{"class":93},[57,73486,271],{"class":71},[57,73488,33461],{"class":75},[57,73490,261],{"class":71},[57,73492,288],{"class":93},[20,73494,73495,73496,73498,73499,73501],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73497,3224],{},", not the value ",[15,73500,65505],{}," directly.",[20,73503,73504,73505,94],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[293,73506,55303],{"href":55302},[43,73508,1673],{"id":1672},[20,73510,21447,73511,1016],{},[15,73512,55764],{},[30,73514,73515,73518,73523,73530,73539],{},[33,73516,73517],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73519,8688,73520,73522],{},[15,73521,55764],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73524,12826,73525,73527,73528],{},[15,73526,55764],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73529,4012],{},[33,73531,425,73532,44865,73534,3114,73536,73538],{},[15,73533,55764],{},[15,73535,12994],{},[15,73537,27263],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73540,73541],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73543,71733],{},[48,73545,73547],{"className":50,"code":73546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73548,73549,73559,73573,73591,73605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73552,119],{"class":118},[57,73554,101],{"class":93},[57,73556,8574],{"class":97},[57,73558,112],{"class":93},[57,73560,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73562,119],{"class":118},[57,73564,101],{"class":93},[57,73566,2681],{"class":97},[57,73568,4117],{"class":4110},[57,73570,8631],{"class":97},[57,73572,112],{"class":93},[57,73574,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73576,119],{"class":118},[57,73578,101],{"class":93},[57,73580,8574],{"class":97},[57,73582,94],{"class":93},[57,73584,41500],{"class":97},[57,73586,101],{"class":93},[57,73588,2708],{"class":97},[57,73590,640],{"class":93},[57,73592,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,73594,119],{"class":118},[57,73596,101],{"class":93},[57,73598,1257],{"class":1256},[57,73600,101],{"class":93},[57,73602,8574],{"class":97},[57,73604,640],{"class":93},[57,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,73608,32392],{"class":118},[57,73610,101],{"class":93},[57,73612,1188],{"class":1256},[57,73614,94],{"class":93},[57,73616,35032],{"class":24987},[57,73618,112],{"class":93},[20,73620,73621],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73623,73624,73627,73630,73633],{},[33,73625,73626],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73628,73629],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73631,73632],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73634,73635],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73637,73638,73639,73641],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[293,73640,71897],{"href":59198}," may also help.",[43,73643,2075],{"id":2074},[572,73645,73647],{"id":73646},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73649,73650],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[572,73652,73654],{"id":73653},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73656,5380,73657,73659],{},[15,73658,4012],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[572,73661,73663],{"id":73662},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73665,73666,73667,73670,73671,94],{},"Check with ",[15,73668,73669],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73672,55764],{},[572,73674,73676],{"id":73675},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73678,136,73679,73681,73682,73684],{},[15,73680,55764],{}," for a value and ",[15,73683,12994],{}," for an index.",[43,73686,2132],{"id":2131},[30,73688,73689,73693,73697,73701,73705],{},[33,73690,73691],{},[293,73692,55750],{"href":55302},[33,73694,73695],{},[293,73696,73370],{"href":55314},[33,73698,73699],{},[293,73700,71897],{"href":59198},[33,73702,73703],{},[293,73704,66070],{"href":73105},[33,73706,73707],{},[293,73708,73710],{"href":73709},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2161,73712,73713],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":73715},[73716,73717,73718,73719,73720,73721,73722,73723,73724,73725,73731],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":72042,"depth":82,"text":72043},{"id":5663,"depth":82,"text":5664},{"id":6019,"depth":82,"text":6020},{"id":72495,"depth":82,"text":72496},{"id":65860,"depth":82,"text":65861},{"id":73108,"depth":82,"text":73109},{"id":73373,"depth":82,"text":73374},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":73726},[73727,73728,73729,73730],{"id":73646,"depth":115,"text":73647},{"id":73653,"depth":115,"text":73654},{"id":73662,"depth":115,"text":73663},{"id":73675,"depth":115,"text":73676},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71945,"description":73732},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73739,"title":73740,"body":73741,"description":75632,"extension":2201,"meta":75633,"navigation":217,"path":75634,"seo":75635,"stem":75636,"__hash__":75637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73742,"toc":75602},[73743,73749,73755,73758,73769,73771,73820,73825,73830,73834,73849,73851,73916,73918,73959,73961,73963,73978,73980,73991,73993,74050,74052,74085,74087,74090,74139,74141,74166,74168,74184,74190,74197,74258,74260,74293,74298,74301,74381,74383,74444,74450,74454,74457,74521,74523,74548,74550,74570,74572,74621,74623,74644,74653,74656,74660,74665,74710,74712,74733,74739,74744,74752,74816,74818,74855,74861,74865,74872,74937,74939,74976,74980,74997,75007,75012,75017,75028,75035,75037,75043,75066,75069,75096,75101,75104,75205,75207,75262,75265,75372,75374,75445,75448,75474,75476,75481,75485,75493,75498,75503,75509,75514,75518,75521,75538,75541,75561,75569,75571,75599],[10,73744,54577,73746,18],{"id":73745},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73747,73748],{},"reverse()",[20,73750,73751,73754],{},[15,73752,73753],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73756,73757],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73759,73760,73761,73763,73764,73768],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73762,73748],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[293,73765,73767],{"href":73766},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[43,73770,3843],{"id":3842},[48,73772,73774],{"className":50,"code":73773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73775,73776,73796,73807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73777,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73779,3853],{"class":63},[57,73781,68],{"class":67},[57,73783,1380],{"class":93},[57,73785,3224],{"class":1023},[57,73787,107],{"class":93},[57,73789,1024],{"class":1023},[57,73791,107],{"class":93},[57,73793,2686],{"class":1023},[57,73795,288],{"class":93},[57,73797,73798,73800,73802,73805],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73799,3883],{"class":63},[57,73801,94],{"class":93},[57,73803,73804],{"class":97},"reverse",[57,73806,212],{"class":93},[57,73808,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73810,119],{"class":118},[57,73812,101],{"class":93},[57,73814,3883],{"class":97},[57,73816,3896],{"class":93},[57,73818,73819],{"class":132},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73821,73822,73824],{},[15,73823,73748],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[43,73826,143,73828,146],{"id":73827},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73829,73753],{},[20,73831,73832,1016],{},[15,73833,73753],{},[30,73835,73836,73839,73842,73846],{},[33,73837,73838],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73840,73841],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73843,11655,73844],{},[15,73845,4012],{},[33,73847,73848],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73850,179],{},[48,73852,73854],{"className":50,"code":73853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73855,73856,73896,73906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73857,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73859,36330],{"class":63},[57,73861,68],{"class":67},[57,73863,1380],{"class":93},[57,73865,104],{"class":71},[57,73867,293],{"class":75},[57,73869,104],{"class":71},[57,73871,107],{"class":93},[57,73873,72],{"class":71},[57,73875,664],{"class":75},[57,73877,104],{"class":71},[57,73879,107],{"class":93},[57,73881,72],{"class":71},[57,73883,673],{"class":75},[57,73885,104],{"class":71},[57,73887,107],{"class":93},[57,73889,72],{"class":71},[57,73891,19002],{"class":75},[57,73893,104],{"class":71},[57,73895,288],{"class":93},[57,73897,73898,73900,73902,73904],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,73899,36383],{"class":63},[57,73901,94],{"class":93},[57,73903,73804],{"class":97},[57,73905,212],{"class":93},[57,73907,73908,73910,73912,73914],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,73909,119],{"class":118},[57,73911,101],{"class":93},[57,73913,36383],{"class":97},[57,73915,112],{"class":93},[20,73917,243],{},[48,73919,73921],{"className":50,"code":73920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73922,73923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73924,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73926,258],{"class":93},[57,73928,261],{"class":71},[57,73930,19002],{"class":75},[57,73932,261],{"class":71},[57,73934,107],{"class":93},[57,73936,271],{"class":71},[57,73938,673],{"class":75},[57,73940,261],{"class":71},[57,73942,107],{"class":93},[57,73944,271],{"class":71},[57,73946,664],{"class":75},[57,73948,261],{"class":71},[57,73950,107],{"class":93},[57,73952,271],{"class":71},[57,73954,293],{"class":75},[57,73956,261],{"class":71},[57,73958,288],{"class":93},[43,73960,300],{"id":299},[20,73962,2395],{},[48,73964,73966],{"className":50,"code":73965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73967,73968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73971,8574],{"class":63},[57,73973,94],{"class":93},[57,73975,73804],{"class":97},[57,73977,212],{"class":93},[20,73979,13284],{},[30,73981,73982,73985,73988],{},[33,73983,73984],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73986,73987],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73989,73990],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73992,179],{},[48,73994,73996],{"className":50,"code":73995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73997,73998,74030,74040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73999,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74001,13308],{"class":63},[57,74003,68],{"class":67},[57,74005,1380],{"class":93},[57,74007,104],{"class":71},[57,74009,264],{"class":75},[57,74011,104],{"class":71},[57,74013,107],{"class":93},[57,74015,72],{"class":71},[57,74017,283],{"class":75},[57,74019,104],{"class":71},[57,74021,107],{"class":93},[57,74023,72],{"class":71},[57,74025,274],{"class":75},[57,74027,104],{"class":71},[57,74029,288],{"class":93},[57,74031,74032,74034,74036,74038],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74033,17736],{"class":63},[57,74035,94],{"class":93},[57,74037,73804],{"class":97},[57,74039,212],{"class":93},[57,74041,74042,74044,74046,74048],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74043,119],{"class":118},[57,74045,101],{"class":93},[57,74047,17736],{"class":97},[57,74049,112],{"class":93},[20,74051,243],{},[48,74053,74055],{"className":50,"code":74054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74056,74057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74058,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74060,258],{"class":93},[57,74062,261],{"class":71},[57,74064,274],{"class":75},[57,74066,261],{"class":71},[57,74068,107],{"class":93},[57,74070,271],{"class":71},[57,74072,283],{"class":75},[57,74074,261],{"class":71},[57,74076,107],{"class":93},[57,74078,271],{"class":71},[57,74080,264],{"class":75},[57,74082,261],{"class":71},[57,74084,288],{"class":93},[43,74086,11707],{"id":11706},[20,74088,74089],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[48,74091,74093],{"className":50,"code":74092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74094,74095,74119,74129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74096,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74098,3853],{"class":63},[57,74100,68],{"class":67},[57,74102,1380],{"class":93},[57,74104,941],{"class":1023},[57,74106,107],{"class":93},[57,74108,8025],{"class":1023},[57,74110,107],{"class":93},[57,74112,8030],{"class":1023},[57,74114,107],{"class":93},[57,74116,51079],{"class":1023},[57,74118,288],{"class":93},[57,74120,74121,74123,74125,74127],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74122,3883],{"class":63},[57,74124,94],{"class":93},[57,74126,73804],{"class":97},[57,74128,212],{"class":93},[57,74130,74131,74133,74135,74137],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74132,119],{"class":118},[57,74134,101],{"class":93},[57,74136,3883],{"class":97},[57,74138,112],{"class":93},[20,74140,243],{},[48,74142,74144],{"className":50,"code":74143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74145,74146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74147,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74149,258],{"class":93},[57,74151,56927],{"class":1023},[57,74153,107],{"class":93},[57,74155,8030],{"class":1023},[57,74157,107],{"class":93},[57,74159,8025],{"class":1023},[57,74161,107],{"class":93},[57,74163,6238],{"class":1023},[57,74165,288],{"class":93},[20,74167,11916],{},[30,74169,74170,74176,74181],{},[33,74171,74172,74173],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74174,74175],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,74177,74178,74180],{},[15,74179,73748],{}," flips the order",[33,74182,74183],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[43,74185,74187,74189],{"id":74186},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74188,73748],{}," changes the original list",[20,74191,74192,74193,74196],{},"This method is ",[153,74194,74195],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[48,74198,74200],{"className":50,"code":74199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74201,74202,74234,74244,74248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74203,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74205,36479],{"class":63},[57,74207,68],{"class":67},[57,74209,1380],{"class":93},[57,74211,104],{"class":71},[57,74213,836],{"class":75},[57,74215,104],{"class":71},[57,74217,107],{"class":93},[57,74219,72],{"class":71},[57,74221,845],{"class":75},[57,74223,104],{"class":71},[57,74225,107],{"class":93},[57,74227,72],{"class":71},[57,74229,854],{"class":75},[57,74231,104],{"class":71},[57,74233,288],{"class":93},[57,74235,74236,74238,74240,74242],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74237,36531],{"class":63},[57,74239,94],{"class":93},[57,74241,73804],{"class":97},[57,74243,212],{"class":93},[57,74245,74246],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74247,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74249,74250,74252,74254,74256],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74251,119],{"class":118},[57,74253,101],{"class":93},[57,74255,36531],{"class":97},[57,74257,112],{"class":93},[20,74259,243],{},[48,74261,74263],{"className":50,"code":74262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74264,74265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74268,258],{"class":93},[57,74270,261],{"class":71},[57,74272,854],{"class":75},[57,74274,261],{"class":71},[57,74276,107],{"class":93},[57,74278,271],{"class":71},[57,74280,845],{"class":75},[57,74282,261],{"class":71},[57,74284,107],{"class":93},[57,74286,271],{"class":71},[57,74288,836],{"class":75},[57,74290,261],{"class":71},[57,74292,288],{"class":93},[20,74294,136,74295,74297],{},[15,74296,73748],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74299,74300],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[48,74302,74304],{"className":50,"code":74303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74305,74306,74338,74356,74360,74370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74307,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74309,36479],{"class":63},[57,74311,68],{"class":67},[57,74313,1380],{"class":93},[57,74315,104],{"class":71},[57,74317,836],{"class":75},[57,74319,104],{"class":71},[57,74321,107],{"class":93},[57,74323,72],{"class":71},[57,74325,845],{"class":75},[57,74327,104],{"class":71},[57,74329,107],{"class":93},[57,74331,72],{"class":71},[57,74333,854],{"class":75},[57,74335,104],{"class":71},[57,74337,288],{"class":93},[57,74339,74340,74343,74345,74347,74350,74352,74354],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74341,74342],{"class":63},"reversed_fruits ",[57,74344,68],{"class":67},[57,74346,53086],{"class":63},[57,74348,74349],{"class":93},"[::",[57,74351,1415],{"class":67},[57,74353,3224],{"class":1023},[57,74355,288],{"class":93},[57,74357,74358],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74359,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74363,119],{"class":118},[57,74365,101],{"class":93},[57,74367,36531],{"class":97},[57,74369,112],{"class":93},[57,74371,74372,74374,74376,74379],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,74373,119],{"class":118},[57,74375,101],{"class":93},[57,74377,74378],{"class":97},"reversed_fruits",[57,74380,112],{"class":93},[20,74382,243],{},[48,74384,74386],{"className":50,"code":74385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74387,74388,74416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74389,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74391,258],{"class":93},[57,74393,261],{"class":71},[57,74395,836],{"class":75},[57,74397,261],{"class":71},[57,74399,107],{"class":93},[57,74401,271],{"class":71},[57,74403,845],{"class":75},[57,74405,261],{"class":71},[57,74407,107],{"class":93},[57,74409,271],{"class":71},[57,74411,854],{"class":75},[57,74413,261],{"class":71},[57,74415,288],{"class":93},[57,74417,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74419,258],{"class":93},[57,74421,261],{"class":71},[57,74423,854],{"class":75},[57,74425,261],{"class":71},[57,74427,107],{"class":93},[57,74429,271],{"class":71},[57,74431,845],{"class":75},[57,74433,261],{"class":71},[57,74435,107],{"class":93},[57,74437,271],{"class":71},[57,74439,836],{"class":75},[57,74441,261],{"class":71},[57,74443,288],{"class":93},[20,74445,74446,74447,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[293,74448,74449],{"href":73766},"Python list slicing explained",[43,74451,74453],{"id":74452},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74455,74456],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[48,74458,74460],{"className":50,"code":74459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74461,74462,74482,74496,74500,74511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74463,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74465,3853],{"class":63},[57,74467,68],{"class":67},[57,74469,1380],{"class":93},[57,74471,3224],{"class":1023},[57,74473,107],{"class":93},[57,74475,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74477,107],{"class":93},[57,74479,2686],{"class":1023},[57,74481,288],{"class":93},[57,74483,74484,74486,74488,74490,74492,74494],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74485,56125],{"class":63},[57,74487,68],{"class":67},[57,74489,4495],{"class":63},[57,74491,94],{"class":93},[57,74493,73804],{"class":97},[57,74495,212],{"class":93},[57,74497,74498],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74499,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74501,74502,74504,74506,74509],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74503,119],{"class":118},[57,74505,101],{"class":93},[57,74507,74508],{"class":97},"new_list",[57,74510,112],{"class":93},[57,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,74514,119],{"class":118},[57,74516,101],{"class":93},[57,74518,3883],{"class":97},[57,74520,112],{"class":93},[20,74522,243],{},[48,74524,74526],{"className":50,"code":74525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74527,74528,74532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74529,74530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74531,12040],{"class":4085},[57,74533,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74535,258],{"class":93},[57,74537,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74539,107],{"class":93},[57,74541,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74543,107],{"class":93},[57,74545,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74547,288],{"class":93},[20,74549,12132],{},[30,74551,74552,74560,74564],{},[33,74553,74554,74556,74557,74559],{},[15,74555,73748],{}," changes ",[15,74558,3883],{}," directly",[33,74561,41146,74562,72066],{},[153,74563,175],{},[33,74565,53888,74566,42395,74568],{},[15,74567,74508],{},[15,74569,4012],{},[20,74571,62128],{},[48,74573,74575],{"className":50,"code":74574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74576,74577,74597,74607,74611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74580,3853],{"class":63},[57,74582,68],{"class":67},[57,74584,1380],{"class":93},[57,74586,3224],{"class":1023},[57,74588,107],{"class":93},[57,74590,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74592,107],{"class":93},[57,74594,2686],{"class":1023},[57,74596,288],{"class":93},[57,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74600,3883],{"class":63},[57,74602,94],{"class":93},[57,74604,73804],{"class":97},[57,74606,212],{"class":93},[57,74608,74609],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74610,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74612,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74614,119],{"class":118},[57,74616,101],{"class":93},[57,74618,3883],{"class":97},[57,74620,112],{"class":93},[20,74622,243],{},[48,74624,74626],{"className":50,"code":74625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74627,74628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74629,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74631,258],{"class":93},[57,74633,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74635,107],{"class":93},[57,74637,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74639,107],{"class":93},[57,74641,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74643,288],{"class":93},[43,74645,74647,577,74649,74652],{"id":74646},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74648,73748],{},[15,74650,74651],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74654,74655],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[572,74657,74658],{"id":73804},[15,74659,73748],{},[20,74661,74662,74664],{},[15,74663,73748],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[48,74666,74668],{"className":50,"code":74667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74669,74670,74690,74700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74671,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74673,3853],{"class":63},[57,74675,68],{"class":67},[57,74677,1380],{"class":93},[57,74679,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74681,107],{"class":93},[57,74683,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74685,107],{"class":93},[57,74687,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74689,288],{"class":93},[57,74691,74692,74694,74696,74698],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74693,3883],{"class":63},[57,74695,94],{"class":93},[57,74697,73804],{"class":97},[57,74699,212],{"class":93},[57,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74703,119],{"class":118},[57,74705,101],{"class":93},[57,74707,3883],{"class":97},[57,74709,112],{"class":93},[20,74711,243],{},[48,74713,74715],{"className":50,"code":74714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74716,74717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74718,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74720,258],{"class":93},[57,74722,1931],{"class":1023},[57,74724,107],{"class":93},[57,74726,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74728,107],{"class":93},[57,74730,2686],{"class":1023},[57,74732,288],{"class":93},[20,74734,74735,74736,74738],{},"Notice that this is ",[153,74737,175],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[572,74740,74742],{"id":74741},"sorted",[15,74743,74651],{},[20,74745,74746,74751],{},[293,74747,74749],{"href":74748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74750,74651],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[48,74753,74755],{"className":50,"code":74754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74756,74757,74777,74792,74796,74806],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74758,74759,74761,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74760,3853],{"class":63},[57,74762,68],{"class":67},[57,74764,1380],{"class":93},[57,74766,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74768,107],{"class":93},[57,74770,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74772,107],{"class":93},[57,74774,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74776,288],{"class":93},[57,74778,74779,74781,74783,74786,74788,74790],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74780,2463],{"class":63},[57,74782,68],{"class":67},[57,74784,74785],{"class":118}," sorted",[57,74787,101],{"class":93},[57,74789,3883],{"class":97},[57,74791,112],{"class":93},[57,74793,74794],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74795,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74797,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74799,119],{"class":118},[57,74801,101],{"class":93},[57,74803,3883],{"class":97},[57,74805,112],{"class":93},[57,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,74809,119],{"class":118},[57,74811,101],{"class":93},[57,74813,2498],{"class":97},[57,74815,112],{"class":93},[20,74817,243],{},[48,74819,74821],{"className":50,"code":74820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74822,74823,74839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74824,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74826,258],{"class":93},[57,74828,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74830,107],{"class":93},[57,74832,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74834,107],{"class":93},[57,74836,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74838,288],{"class":93},[57,74840,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74842,258],{"class":93},[57,74844,3224],{"class":1023},[57,74846,107],{"class":93},[57,74848,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74850,107],{"class":93},[57,74852,2686],{"class":1023},[57,74854,288],{"class":93},[20,74856,74857,74858,94],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74859,74860],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[572,74862,74864],{"id":74863},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74866,74867,74868,74871],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74869,74870],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[48,74873,74875],{"className":50,"code":74874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74876,74877,74897,74913,74917,74927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74878,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74880,3853],{"class":63},[57,74882,68],{"class":67},[57,74884,1380],{"class":93},[57,74886,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74888,107],{"class":93},[57,74890,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74892,107],{"class":93},[57,74894,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74896,288],{"class":93},[57,74898,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74900,2463],{"class":63},[57,74902,68],{"class":67},[57,74904,4495],{"class":63},[57,74906,74349],{"class":93},[57,74908,1415],{"class":67},[57,74910,3224],{"class":1023},[57,74912,288],{"class":93},[57,74914,74915],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,74916,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,74920,119],{"class":118},[57,74922,101],{"class":93},[57,74924,3883],{"class":97},[57,74926,112],{"class":93},[57,74928,74929,74931,74933,74935],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,74930,119],{"class":118},[57,74932,101],{"class":93},[57,74934,2498],{"class":97},[57,74936,112],{"class":93},[20,74938,243],{},[48,74940,74942],{"className":50,"code":74941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74943,74944,74960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74945,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74947,258],{"class":93},[57,74949,2299],{"class":1023},[57,74951,107],{"class":93},[57,74953,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74955,107],{"class":93},[57,74957,1024],{"class":1023},[57,74959,288],{"class":93},[57,74961,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,74963,258],{"class":93},[57,74965,1931],{"class":1023},[57,74967,107],{"class":93},[57,74969,1143],{"class":1023},[57,74971,107],{"class":93},[57,74973,2686],{"class":1023},[57,74975,288],{"class":93},[572,74977,74979],{"id":74978},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74981,74982,74987,74992],{},[33,74983,136,74984,74986],{},[15,74985,73748],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74988,136,74989,74991],{},[15,74990,74870],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74993,136,74994,74996],{},[15,74995,74651],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74998,74999,75000,75006],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[293,75001,75003,75004,742],{"href":75002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75005,64542],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[43,75008,1637,75010],{"id":75009},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75011,73748],{},[20,75013,75014,75016],{},[15,75015,73748],{}," is a good choice:",[30,75018,75019,75022,75025],{},[33,75020,75021],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,75023,75024],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,75026,75027],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75029,75030,75031,94],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[293,75032,75034],{"href":75033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[43,75036,1673],{"id":1672},[20,75038,75039,75040,75042],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75041,73748],{}," for these reasons:",[30,75044,75045,75049,75054,75059],{},[33,75046,12826,75047,12829],{},[15,75048,73748],{},[33,75050,8688,75051,75053],{},[15,75052,73748],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,75055,425,75056,75058],{},[15,75057,73748],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,75060,37444,75061,8940,75063],{},[15,75062,73748],{},[15,75064,75065],{},"reversed()",[20,75067,75068],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[48,75070,75072],{"className":50,"code":75071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75073,75074,75086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75077,64],{"class":63},[57,75079,68],{"class":67},[57,75081,72],{"class":71},[57,75083,1590],{"class":75},[57,75085,79],{"class":71},[57,75087,75088,75090,75092,75094],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75089,227],{"class":63},[57,75091,94],{"class":93},[57,75093,73804],{"class":97},[57,75095,212],{"class":93},[20,75097,75098,75099,33841],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75100,73748],{},[20,75102,75103],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[48,75105,75107],{"className":50,"code":75106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75108,75109,75129,75133,75143,75157,75161,75175,75185,75189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75110,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75112,8543],{"class":63},[57,75114,68],{"class":67},[57,75116,1380],{"class":93},[57,75118,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75120,107],{"class":93},[57,75122,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75124,107],{"class":93},[57,75126,2686],{"class":1023},[57,75128,288],{"class":93},[57,75130,75131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75132,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75136,119],{"class":118},[57,75138,101],{"class":93},[57,75140,8574],{"class":97},[57,75142,112],{"class":93},[57,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75146,119],{"class":118},[57,75148,101],{"class":93},[57,75150,1257],{"class":1256},[57,75152,101],{"class":93},[57,75154,8574],{"class":97},[57,75156,640],{"class":93},[57,75158,75159],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,75160,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75162,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,75164,2463],{"class":63},[57,75166,68],{"class":67},[57,75168,8631],{"class":63},[57,75170,94],{"class":93},[57,75172,73804],{"class":97},[57,75174,212],{"class":93},[57,75176,75177,75179,75181,75183],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,75178,119],{"class":118},[57,75180,101],{"class":93},[57,75182,2498],{"class":97},[57,75184,112],{"class":93},[57,75186,75187],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,75188,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75190,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,75192,119],{"class":118},[57,75194,101],{"class":93},[57,75196,8574],{"class":97},[57,75198,74349],{"class":93},[57,75200,1415],{"class":67},[57,75202,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75204,1280],{"class":93},[20,75206,243],{},[48,75208,75210],{"className":50,"code":75209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75211,75212,75228,75242,75246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75213,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75215,258],{"class":93},[57,75217,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75219,107],{"class":93},[57,75221,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75223,107],{"class":93},[57,75225,2686],{"class":1023},[57,75227,288],{"class":93},[57,75229,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75231,1323],{"class":67},[57,75233,1327],{"class":1326},[57,75235,271],{"class":71},[57,75237,1188],{"class":75},[57,75239,261],{"class":71},[57,75241,1336],{"class":67},[57,75243,75244],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75245,12040],{"class":4085},[57,75247,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75249,258],{"class":93},[57,75251,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75253,107],{"class":93},[57,75255,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75257,107],{"class":93},[57,75259,1143],{"class":1023},[57,75261,288],{"class":93},[20,75263,75264],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[48,75266,75268],{"className":50,"code":75267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75269,75270,75290,75294,75304,75318,75322,75336,75346,75356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75273,8543],{"class":63},[57,75275,68],{"class":67},[57,75277,1380],{"class":93},[57,75279,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75281,107],{"class":93},[57,75283,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75285,107],{"class":93},[57,75287,2686],{"class":1023},[57,75289,288],{"class":93},[57,75291,75292],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75293,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75295,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75297,119],{"class":118},[57,75299,101],{"class":93},[57,75301,8574],{"class":97},[57,75303,112],{"class":93},[57,75305,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75307,119],{"class":118},[57,75309,101],{"class":93},[57,75311,1257],{"class":1256},[57,75313,101],{"class":93},[57,75315,8574],{"class":97},[57,75317,640],{"class":93},[57,75319,75320],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,75321,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,75325,2463],{"class":63},[57,75327,68],{"class":67},[57,75329,8631],{"class":63},[57,75331,94],{"class":93},[57,75333,73804],{"class":97},[57,75335,212],{"class":93},[57,75337,75338,75340,75342,75344],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,75339,119],{"class":118},[57,75341,101],{"class":93},[57,75343,2498],{"class":97},[57,75345,112],{"class":93},[57,75347,75348,75350,75352,75354],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,75349,119],{"class":118},[57,75351,101],{"class":93},[57,75353,8574],{"class":97},[57,75355,112],{"class":93},[57,75357,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,75359,119],{"class":118},[57,75361,101],{"class":93},[57,75363,8574],{"class":97},[57,75365,74349],{"class":93},[57,75367,1415],{"class":67},[57,75369,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75371,1280],{"class":93},[20,75373,243],{},[48,75375,75377],{"className":50,"code":75376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75378,75379,75395,75409,75413,75429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75380,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75382,258],{"class":93},[57,75384,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75386,107],{"class":93},[57,75388,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75390,107],{"class":93},[57,75392,2686],{"class":1023},[57,75394,288],{"class":93},[57,75396,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405,75407],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75398,1323],{"class":67},[57,75400,1327],{"class":1326},[57,75402,271],{"class":71},[57,75404,1188],{"class":75},[57,75406,261],{"class":71},[57,75408,1336],{"class":67},[57,75410,75411],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75412,12040],{"class":4085},[57,75414,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75416,258],{"class":93},[57,75418,2299],{"class":1023},[57,75420,107],{"class":93},[57,75422,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75424,107],{"class":93},[57,75426,1143],{"class":1023},[57,75428,288],{"class":93},[57,75430,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,75432,258],{"class":93},[57,75434,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75436,107],{"class":93},[57,75438,1024],{"class":1023},[57,75440,107],{"class":93},[57,75442,2686],{"class":1023},[57,75444,288],{"class":93},[20,75446,75447],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,75449,75450,75459,75468],{},[33,75451,28034,75452,75455,75456],{},[15,75453,75454],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75457,75458],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,75460,12148,75461,75464,75465,22796],{},[15,75462,75463],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[153,75466,75467],{},"current",[33,75469,75470,75471],{},"So it prints ",[15,75472,75473],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[43,75475,2075],{"id":2074},[572,75477,2099,75479,55704],{"id":75478},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75480,73753],{},[20,75482,62833,75483,94],{},[15,75484,4012],{},[572,75486,34446,75488,34449,75490,2085],{"id":75487},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75489,73748],{},[15,75491,75492],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75494,75495,75497],{},[15,75496,73748],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75499,75500,75502],{},[15,75501,75492],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[572,75504,28567,75506,75508],{"id":75505},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75507,73748],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75510,46601,75511,75513],{},[15,75512,73748],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[572,75515,75517],{"id":75516},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75519,75520],{},"Use slicing:",[48,75522,75524],{"className":50,"code":75523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75525,75526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75527,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75529,8574],{"class":63},[57,75531,74349],{"class":93},[57,75533,1415],{"class":67},[57,75535,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75537,288],{"class":93},[20,75539,75540],{},"Or use:",[48,75542,75544],{"className":50,"code":75543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75545,75546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75547,75548,75550,75552,75555,75557,75559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75549,1188],{"class":1256},[57,75551,101],{"class":93},[57,75553,75554],{"class":118},"reversed",[57,75556,101],{"class":93},[57,75558,8574],{"class":97},[57,75560,640],{"class":93},[20,75562,75563,75564,75568],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[293,75565,55755,75566],{"href":55195},[15,75567,13008],{}," can also help.",[43,75570,2132],{"id":2131},[30,75572,75573,75579,75585,75589,75593],{},[33,75574,75575],{},[293,75576,55755,75577,742],{"href":75002},[15,75578,64542],{},[33,75580,75581],{},[293,75582,3809,75583,3742],{"href":74748},[15,75584,74651],{},[33,75586,75587],{},[293,75588,75034],{"href":75033},[33,75590,75591],{},[293,75592,74449],{"href":73766},[33,75594,75595],{},[293,75596,55755,75597,742],{"href":55195},[15,75598,13008],{},[2161,75600,75601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":75603},[75604,75605,75607,75608,75609,75611,75612,75619,75621,75622,75631],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":73827,"depth":82,"text":75606},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":74186,"depth":82,"text":75610},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74452,"depth":82,"text":74453},{"id":74646,"depth":82,"text":75613,"children":75614},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75615,75616,75617,75618],{"id":73804,"depth":115,"text":73748},{"id":74741,"depth":115,"text":74651},{"id":74863,"depth":115,"text":74864},{"id":74978,"depth":115,"text":74979},{"id":75009,"depth":82,"text":75620},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":75623},[75624,75626,75628,75630],{"id":75478,"depth":115,"text":75625},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75487,"depth":115,"text":75627},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75505,"depth":115,"text":75629},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75516,"depth":115,"text":75517},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73740,"description":75632},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75639,"title":75640,"body":75641,"description":78073,"extension":2201,"meta":78074,"navigation":217,"path":78075,"seo":78076,"stem":78077,"__hash__":78078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75642,"toc":78041},[75643,75646,75658,75661,75684,75692,75694,75806,75815,75819,75822,75825,75912,75914,75947,75949,75972,75978,75982,75985,76007,76009,76026,76029,76049,76051,76161,76163,76240,76244,76247,76290,76292,76425,76427,76529,76534,76538,76541,76543,76557,76560,76674,76676,76750,76752,76780,76784,76789,76819,76822,76947,76949,77031,77037,77041,77043,77082,77091,77095,77098,77102,77149,77151,77159,77163,77214,77216,77229,77231,77245,77248,77256,77258,77305,77307,77315,77318,77361,77366,77369,77372,77395,77399,77450,77453,77474,77484,77488,77490,77520,77523,77546,77550,77553,77620,77622,77659,77662,77670,77737,77739,77776,77782,77789,77793,77796,77826,77831,77835,77838,77862,77865,77959,77969,77971,77975,77978,77982,77985,77990,77993,77999,78002,78004,78032,78038],[10,75644,75640],{"id":75645},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75647,75648,75649,754,75651,17306,75654,75657],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75650,36312],{},[15,75652,75653],{},"stop",[15,75655,75656],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75659,75660],{},"The basic slice form is:",[48,75662,75664],{"className":50,"code":75663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75665,75666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75667,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75669,8574],{"class":63},[57,75671,258],{"class":93},[57,75673,36312],{"class":63},[57,75675,1016],{"class":93},[57,75677,75653],{"class":63},[57,75679,1016],{"class":93},[57,75681,75656],{"class":63},[57,75683,288],{"class":93},[20,75685,75686,75687,75689,75690,94],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75688,75653],{}," position is ",[153,75691,65300],{},[43,75693,46],{"id":45},[48,75695,75697],{"className":50,"code":75696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75698,75699,75727,75731,75752,75770,75787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75700,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75702,3853],{"class":63},[57,75704,68],{"class":67},[57,75706,1380],{"class":93},[57,75708,941],{"class":1023},[57,75710,107],{"class":93},[57,75712,8025],{"class":1023},[57,75714,107],{"class":93},[57,75716,8030],{"class":1023},[57,75718,107],{"class":93},[57,75720,51079],{"class":1023},[57,75722,107],{"class":93},[57,75724,5313],{"class":1023},[57,75726,288],{"class":93},[57,75728,75729],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75730,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75732,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75734,119],{"class":118},[57,75736,101],{"class":93},[57,75738,3883],{"class":97},[57,75740,258],{"class":93},[57,75742,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75744,1016],{"class":93},[57,75746,2740],{"class":1023},[57,75748,20681],{"class":93},[57,75750,75751],{"class":132},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[57,75753,75754,75756,75758,75760,75763,75765,75767],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75755,119],{"class":118},[57,75757,101],{"class":93},[57,75759,3883],{"class":97},[57,75761,75762],{"class":93},"[:",[57,75764,2299],{"class":1023},[57,75766,20681],{"class":93},[57,75768,75769],{"class":132},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[57,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,75773,119],{"class":118},[57,75775,101],{"class":93},[57,75777,3883],{"class":97},[57,75779,74349],{"class":93},[57,75781,1931],{"class":1023},[57,75783,20681],{"class":93},[57,75785,75786],{"class":132},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[57,75788,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,75790,119],{"class":118},[57,75792,101],{"class":93},[57,75794,3883],{"class":97},[57,75796,74349],{"class":93},[57,75798,1415],{"class":67},[57,75800,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75802,20681],{"class":93},[57,75804,75805],{"class":132},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75807,136,75808,75811,75812,75814],{},[15,75809,75810],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75813,75653],{}," value is not included.",[43,75816,75818],{"id":75817},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75820,75821],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75823,75824],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[48,75826,75828],{"className":50,"code":75827,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75829,75830,75878,75882,75901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75831,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75833,36330],{"class":63},[57,75835,68],{"class":67},[57,75837,1380],{"class":93},[57,75839,104],{"class":71},[57,75841,293],{"class":75},[57,75843,104],{"class":71},[57,75845,107],{"class":93},[57,75847,72],{"class":71},[57,75849,664],{"class":75},[57,75851,104],{"class":71},[57,75853,107],{"class":93},[57,75855,72],{"class":71},[57,75857,673],{"class":75},[57,75859,104],{"class":71},[57,75861,107],{"class":93},[57,75863,72],{"class":71},[57,75865,19002],{"class":75},[57,75867,104],{"class":71},[57,75869,107],{"class":93},[57,75871,72],{"class":71},[57,75873,60681],{"class":75},[57,75875,104],{"class":71},[57,75877,288],{"class":93},[57,75879,75880],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,75881,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,75883,75884,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,75885,75886],{"class":63},"part ",[57,75888,68],{"class":67},[57,75890,70324],{"class":63},[57,75892,258],{"class":93},[57,75894,3224],{"class":1023},[57,75896,1016],{"class":93},[57,75898,2740],{"class":1023},[57,75900,288],{"class":93},[57,75902,75903,75905,75907,75910],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,75904,119],{"class":118},[57,75906,101],{"class":93},[57,75908,75909],{"class":97},"part",[57,75911,112],{"class":93},[20,75913,243],{},[48,75915,75917],{"className":50,"code":75916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75918,75919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75920,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75922,258],{"class":93},[57,75924,261],{"class":71},[57,75926,664],{"class":75},[57,75928,261],{"class":71},[57,75930,107],{"class":93},[57,75932,271],{"class":71},[57,75934,673],{"class":75},[57,75936,261],{"class":71},[57,75938,107],{"class":93},[57,75940,271],{"class":71},[57,75942,19002],{"class":75},[57,75944,261],{"class":71},[57,75946,288],{"class":93},[20,75948,13284],{},[30,75950,75951,75954,75957,75963,75969],{},[33,75952,75953],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75955,75956],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75958,75959,75960],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75961,75962],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75964,75965,75966,75968],{},"The item at ",[15,75967,75653],{}," is not included",[33,75970,75971],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75973,75974,75975,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[293,75976,75977],{"href":51214},"beginner guide to Python lists",[43,75979,75981],{"id":75980},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75983,75984],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[48,75986,75987],{"className":50,"code":75663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,75988,75989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75990,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75992,8574],{"class":63},[57,75994,258],{"class":93},[57,75996,36312],{"class":63},[57,75998,1016],{"class":93},[57,76000,75653],{"class":63},[57,76002,1016],{"class":93},[57,76004,75656],{"class":63},[57,76006,288],{"class":93},[20,76008,65276],{},[30,76010,76011,76016,76021],{},[33,76012,76013,76015],{},[15,76014,36312],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,76017,76018,76020],{},[15,76019,75653],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,76022,76023,76025],{},[15,76024,75656],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76027,76028],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,76030,76031,76037,76042],{},[33,76032,76033,76034,76036],{},"Missing ",[15,76035,36312],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,76038,76033,76039,76041],{},[15,76040,75653],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,76043,76033,76044,76046,76047],{},[15,76045,75656],{}," means use ",[15,76048,3224],{},[20,76050,179],{},[48,76052,76054],{"className":50,"code":76053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76055,76056,76084,76088,76109,76126,76144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76059,3853],{"class":63},[57,76061,68],{"class":67},[57,76063,1380],{"class":93},[57,76065,941],{"class":1023},[57,76067,107],{"class":93},[57,76069,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76071,107],{"class":93},[57,76073,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76075,107],{"class":93},[57,76077,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76079,107],{"class":93},[57,76081,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76083,288],{"class":93},[57,76085,76086],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76087,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,76089,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76091,119],{"class":118},[57,76093,101],{"class":93},[57,76095,3883],{"class":97},[57,76097,258],{"class":93},[57,76099,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76101,1016],{"class":93},[57,76103,2740],{"class":1023},[57,76105,20681],{"class":93},[57,76107,76108],{"class":132},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[57,76110,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76112,119],{"class":118},[57,76114,101],{"class":93},[57,76116,3883],{"class":97},[57,76118,75762],{"class":93},[57,76120,2299],{"class":1023},[57,76122,20681],{"class":93},[57,76124,76125],{"class":132},"    # start from the beginning\n",[57,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76141],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,76129,119],{"class":118},[57,76131,101],{"class":93},[57,76133,3883],{"class":97},[57,76135,258],{"class":93},[57,76137,1931],{"class":1023},[57,76139,76140],{"class":93},":])",[57,76142,76143],{"class":132},"    # go to the end\n",[57,76145,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,76147,119],{"class":118},[57,76149,101],{"class":93},[57,76151,3883],{"class":97},[57,76153,74349],{"class":93},[57,76155,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76157,20681],{"class":93},[57,76159,76160],{"class":132},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76162,243],{},[48,76164,76166],{"className":50,"code":76165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76167,76168,76184,76200,76216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76169,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76171,258],{"class":93},[57,76173,15987],{"class":1023},[57,76175,107],{"class":93},[57,76177,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76179,107],{"class":93},[57,76181,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76183,288],{"class":93},[57,76185,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76187,258],{"class":93},[57,76189,941],{"class":1023},[57,76191,107],{"class":93},[57,76193,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76195,107],{"class":93},[57,76197,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76199,288],{"class":93},[57,76201,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76203,258],{"class":93},[57,76205,37082],{"class":1023},[57,76207,107],{"class":93},[57,76209,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76211,107],{"class":93},[57,76213,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76215,288],{"class":93},[57,76217,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76219,258],{"class":93},[57,76221,941],{"class":1023},[57,76223,107],{"class":93},[57,76225,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76227,107],{"class":93},[57,76229,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76231,107],{"class":93},[57,76233,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76235,107],{"class":93},[57,76237,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76239,288],{"class":93},[43,76241,76243],{"id":76242},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76245,76246],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,76248,76249,76258,76267,76278,76284],{},[33,76250,76251,76254,76255,6199],{},[15,76252,76253],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76256,76257],{},"n",[33,76259,76260,76263,76264,76266],{},[15,76261,76262],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76265,76257],{}," to the end",[33,76268,76269,76272,76273,76275,76276],{},[15,76270,76271],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76274,293],{}," up to ",[15,76277,664],{},[33,76279,76280,76283],{},[15,76281,76282],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,76285,76286,76289],{},[15,76287,76288],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76291,179],{},[48,76293,76295],{"className":50,"code":76294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76296,76297,76330,76334,76351,76368,76389,76406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76298,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76300,3853],{"class":63},[57,76302,68],{"class":67},[57,76304,1380],{"class":93},[57,76306,941],{"class":1023},[57,76308,107],{"class":93},[57,76310,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76312,107],{"class":93},[57,76314,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76316,107],{"class":93},[57,76318,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76320,107],{"class":93},[57,76322,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76324,107],{"class":93},[57,76326,76327],{"class":1023}," 60",[57,76329,288],{"class":93},[57,76331,76332],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76333,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,76335,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76337,119],{"class":118},[57,76339,101],{"class":93},[57,76341,3883],{"class":97},[57,76343,75762],{"class":93},[57,76345,2299],{"class":1023},[57,76347,20681],{"class":93},[57,76349,76350],{"class":132},"    # first 3 items\n",[57,76352,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76354,119],{"class":118},[57,76356,101],{"class":93},[57,76358,3883],{"class":97},[57,76360,258],{"class":93},[57,76362,2299],{"class":1023},[57,76364,76140],{"class":93},[57,76366,76367],{"class":132},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[57,76369,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,76371,119],{"class":118},[57,76373,101],{"class":93},[57,76375,3883],{"class":97},[57,76377,258],{"class":93},[57,76379,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76381,1016],{"class":93},[57,76383,2372],{"class":1023},[57,76385,20681],{"class":93},[57,76387,76388],{"class":132},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[57,76390,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,76392,119],{"class":118},[57,76394,101],{"class":93},[57,76396,3883],{"class":97},[57,76398,74349],{"class":93},[57,76400,1931],{"class":1023},[57,76402,20681],{"class":93},[57,76404,76405],{"class":132},"   # every second item\n",[57,76407,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,76409,119],{"class":118},[57,76411,101],{"class":93},[57,76413,3883],{"class":97},[57,76415,74349],{"class":93},[57,76417,1415],{"class":67},[57,76419,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76421,20681],{"class":93},[57,76423,76424],{"class":132},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76426,243],{},[48,76428,76430],{"className":50,"code":76429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76431,76432,76448,76464,76484,76500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76433,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76435,258],{"class":93},[57,76437,941],{"class":1023},[57,76439,107],{"class":93},[57,76441,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76443,107],{"class":93},[57,76445,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76447,288],{"class":93},[57,76449,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76451,258],{"class":93},[57,76453,56927],{"class":1023},[57,76455,107],{"class":93},[57,76457,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76459,107],{"class":93},[57,76461,76327],{"class":1023},[57,76463,288],{"class":93},[57,76465,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76467,258],{"class":93},[57,76469,15987],{"class":1023},[57,76471,107],{"class":93},[57,76473,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76475,107],{"class":93},[57,76477,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76479,107],{"class":93},[57,76481,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76483,288],{"class":93},[57,76485,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76487,258],{"class":93},[57,76489,941],{"class":1023},[57,76491,107],{"class":93},[57,76493,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76495,107],{"class":93},[57,76497,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76499,288],{"class":93},[57,76501,76502,76504,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,76503,258],{"class":93},[57,76505,76506],{"class":1023},"60",[57,76508,107],{"class":93},[57,76510,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76512,107],{"class":93},[57,76514,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76516,107],{"class":93},[57,76518,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76520,107],{"class":93},[57,76522,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76524,107],{"class":93},[57,76526,6238],{"class":1023},[57,76528,288],{"class":93},[20,76530,76531,76532,94],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[293,76533,15120],{"href":57454},[43,76535,76537],{"id":76536},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76539,76540],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76542,5705],{},[30,76544,76545,76551],{},[33,76546,76547,76550],{},[15,76548,76549],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76552,76553,76556],{},[15,76554,76555],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76558,76559],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[48,76561,76563],{"className":50,"code":76562,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76564,76565,76613,76617,76636,76655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76566,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76568,36330],{"class":63},[57,76570,68],{"class":67},[57,76572,1380],{"class":93},[57,76574,104],{"class":71},[57,76576,293],{"class":75},[57,76578,104],{"class":71},[57,76580,107],{"class":93},[57,76582,72],{"class":71},[57,76584,664],{"class":75},[57,76586,104],{"class":71},[57,76588,107],{"class":93},[57,76590,72],{"class":71},[57,76592,673],{"class":75},[57,76594,104],{"class":71},[57,76596,107],{"class":93},[57,76598,72],{"class":71},[57,76600,19002],{"class":75},[57,76602,104],{"class":71},[57,76604,107],{"class":93},[57,76606,72],{"class":71},[57,76608,60681],{"class":75},[57,76610,104],{"class":71},[57,76612,288],{"class":93},[57,76614,76615],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76616,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,76618,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76620,119],{"class":118},[57,76622,101],{"class":93},[57,76624,36383],{"class":97},[57,76626,258],{"class":93},[57,76628,1415],{"class":67},[57,76630,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76632,20681],{"class":93},[57,76634,76635],{"class":132},"    # last item\n",[57,76637,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76639,119],{"class":118},[57,76641,101],{"class":93},[57,76643,36383],{"class":97},[57,76645,258],{"class":93},[57,76647,1415],{"class":67},[57,76649,2299],{"class":1023},[57,76651,76140],{"class":93},[57,76653,76654],{"class":132},"   # last 3 items\n",[57,76656,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,76658,119],{"class":118},[57,76660,101],{"class":93},[57,76662,36383],{"class":97},[57,76664,75762],{"class":93},[57,76666,1415],{"class":67},[57,76668,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76670,20681],{"class":93},[57,76672,76673],{"class":132},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76675,243],{},[48,76677,76679],{"className":50,"code":76678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76680,76681,76686,76714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76682,76683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76684,76685],{"class":63},"e\n",[57,76687,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76689,258],{"class":93},[57,76691,261],{"class":71},[57,76693,673],{"class":75},[57,76695,261],{"class":71},[57,76697,107],{"class":93},[57,76699,271],{"class":71},[57,76701,19002],{"class":75},[57,76703,261],{"class":71},[57,76705,107],{"class":93},[57,76707,271],{"class":71},[57,76709,60681],{"class":75},[57,76711,261],{"class":71},[57,76713,288],{"class":93},[57,76715,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76717,258],{"class":93},[57,76719,261],{"class":71},[57,76721,293],{"class":75},[57,76723,261],{"class":71},[57,76725,107],{"class":93},[57,76727,271],{"class":71},[57,76729,664],{"class":75},[57,76731,261],{"class":71},[57,76733,107],{"class":93},[57,76735,271],{"class":71},[57,76737,673],{"class":75},[57,76739,261],{"class":71},[57,76741,107],{"class":93},[57,76743,271],{"class":71},[57,76745,19002],{"class":75},[57,76747,261],{"class":71},[57,76749,288],{"class":93},[20,76751,13284],{},[30,76753,76754,76757,76761,76767,76773],{},[33,76755,76756],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76758,76759,76550],{},[15,76760,76549],{},[33,76762,76763,76766],{},[15,76764,76765],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76768,76769,76772],{},[15,76770,76771],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76774,76775,76776,2082,76778],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76777,36312],{},[15,76779,75653],{},[43,76781,76783],{"id":76782},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76785,2218,76786,76788],{},[15,76787,75656],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76790,76791,76794,76797,76802,76812],{},[33,76792,76793],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76795,76796],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76798,76799,76801],{},[15,76800,76288],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76803,345,76804,76806,76807,76809,76810],{},[15,76805,75656],{}," is negative, ",[15,76808,36312],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76811,75653],{},[33,76813,76814,76816,76817],{},[15,76815,75656],{}," cannot be ",[15,76818,1277],{},[20,76820,76821],{},"Example with different step values:",[48,76823,76825],{"className":50,"code":76824,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76826,76827,76859,76863,76880,76901,76920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76828,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76830,3853],{"class":63},[57,76832,68],{"class":67},[57,76834,1380],{"class":93},[57,76836,941],{"class":1023},[57,76838,107],{"class":93},[57,76840,8025],{"class":1023},[57,76842,107],{"class":93},[57,76844,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76846,107],{"class":93},[57,76848,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76850,107],{"class":93},[57,76852,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76854,107],{"class":93},[57,76856,76327],{"class":1023},[57,76858,288],{"class":93},[57,76860,76861],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76862,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,76864,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76866,119],{"class":118},[57,76868,101],{"class":93},[57,76870,3883],{"class":97},[57,76872,74349],{"class":93},[57,76874,1931],{"class":1023},[57,76876,20681],{"class":93},[57,76878,76879],{"class":132},"     # every second item\n",[57,76881,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,76883,119],{"class":118},[57,76885,101],{"class":93},[57,76887,3883],{"class":97},[57,76889,258],{"class":93},[57,76891,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76893,898],{"class":93},[57,76895,1931],{"class":1023},[57,76897,20681],{"class":93},[57,76899,76900],{"class":132},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[57,76902,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,76904,119],{"class":118},[57,76906,101],{"class":93},[57,76908,3883],{"class":97},[57,76910,74349],{"class":93},[57,76912,1415],{"class":67},[57,76914,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76916,20681],{"class":93},[57,76918,76919],{"class":132},"    # reverse the list\n",[57,76921,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,76923,119],{"class":118},[57,76925,101],{"class":93},[57,76927,3883],{"class":97},[57,76929,258],{"class":93},[57,76931,2740],{"class":1023},[57,76933,1016],{"class":93},[57,76935,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76937,1016],{"class":93},[57,76939,1415],{"class":67},[57,76941,3224],{"class":1023},[57,76943,20681],{"class":93},[57,76945,76946],{"class":132},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76948,243],{},[48,76950,76952],{"className":50,"code":76951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76953,76954,76970,76986,77014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76955,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76957,258],{"class":93},[57,76959,941],{"class":1023},[57,76961,107],{"class":93},[57,76963,8030],{"class":1023},[57,76965,107],{"class":93},[57,76967,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76969,288],{"class":93},[57,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,76973,258],{"class":93},[57,76975,15987],{"class":1023},[57,76977,107],{"class":93},[57,76979,51079],{"class":1023},[57,76981,107],{"class":93},[57,76983,76327],{"class":1023},[57,76985,288],{"class":93},[57,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,76989,258],{"class":93},[57,76991,76506],{"class":1023},[57,76993,107],{"class":93},[57,76995,5313],{"class":1023},[57,76997,107],{"class":93},[57,76999,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77001,107],{"class":93},[57,77003,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77005,107],{"class":93},[57,77007,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77009,107],{"class":93},[57,77011,6238],{"class":1023},[57,77013,288],{"class":93},[57,77015,77016,77018,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,77017,258],{"class":93},[57,77019,77020],{"class":1023},"50",[57,77022,107],{"class":93},[57,77024,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77026,107],{"class":93},[57,77028,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77030,288],{"class":93},[20,77032,77033,77034,94],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[293,77035,77036],{"href":75033},"how to reverse a list in Python",[572,77038,77040],{"id":77039},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77042,3072],{},[48,77044,77046],{"className":50,"code":77045,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77047,77048,77068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77049,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77051,3853],{"class":63},[57,77053,68],{"class":67},[57,77055,1380],{"class":93},[57,77057,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77059,107],{"class":93},[57,77061,1024],{"class":1023},[57,77063,107],{"class":93},[57,77065,2686],{"class":1023},[57,77067,288],{"class":93},[57,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77071,119],{"class":118},[57,77073,101],{"class":93},[57,77075,3883],{"class":97},[57,77077,74349],{"class":93},[57,77079,1277],{"class":1023},[57,77081,1280],{"class":93},[20,77083,77084,77085,77087,77088,77090],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77086,40944],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77089,1277],{}," does not make sense.",[43,77092,77094],{"id":77093},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77096,77097],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[572,77099,77101],{"id":77100},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[48,77103,77105],{"className":50,"code":77104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77106,77107,77131,77135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77108,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77110,3853],{"class":63},[57,77112,68],{"class":67},[57,77114,1380],{"class":93},[57,77116,941],{"class":1023},[57,77118,107],{"class":93},[57,77120,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77122,107],{"class":93},[57,77124,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77126,107],{"class":93},[57,77128,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77130,288],{"class":93},[57,77132,77133],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77134,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77136,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77138,119],{"class":118},[57,77140,101],{"class":93},[57,77142,3883],{"class":97},[57,77144,258],{"class":93},[57,77146,1931],{"class":1023},[57,77148,1280],{"class":93},[20,77150,243],{},[48,77152,77153],{"className":50,"code":70068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,77154,77155],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77156,77157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77158,70068],{"class":1023},[572,77160,77162],{"id":77161},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[48,77164,77166],{"className":50,"code":77165,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77167,77168,77192,77196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77169,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77171,3853],{"class":63},[57,77173,68],{"class":67},[57,77175,1380],{"class":93},[57,77177,941],{"class":1023},[57,77179,107],{"class":93},[57,77181,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77183,107],{"class":93},[57,77185,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77187,107],{"class":93},[57,77189,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77191,288],{"class":93},[57,77193,77194],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77195,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77197,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77199,119],{"class":118},[57,77201,101],{"class":93},[57,77203,3883],{"class":97},[57,77205,258],{"class":93},[57,77207,1931],{"class":1023},[57,77209,1016],{"class":93},[57,77211,2299],{"class":1023},[57,77213,1280],{"class":93},[20,77215,243],{},[48,77217,77219],{"className":50,"code":77218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30]\n",[15,77220,77221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77222,77223,77225,77227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77224,258],{"class":93},[57,77226,37082],{"class":1023},[57,77228,288],{"class":93},[20,77230,13994],{},[30,77232,77233,77239],{},[33,77234,77235,77238],{},[15,77236,77237],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,77240,77241,77244],{},[15,77242,77243],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77246,77247],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,77249,77250,77253],{},[33,77251,77252],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,77254,77255],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77257,179],{},[48,77259,77261],{"className":50,"code":77260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77262,77263,77283,77287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77264,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77266,3853],{"class":63},[57,77268,68],{"class":67},[57,77270,1380],{"class":93},[57,77272,941],{"class":1023},[57,77274,107],{"class":93},[57,77276,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77278,107],{"class":93},[57,77280,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77282,288],{"class":93},[57,77284,77285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77286,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77288,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77290,119],{"class":118},[57,77292,101],{"class":93},[57,77294,3883],{"class":97},[57,77296,258],{"class":93},[57,77298,2372],{"class":1023},[57,77300,1016],{"class":93},[57,77302,941],{"class":1023},[57,77304,1280],{"class":93},[20,77306,243],{},[48,77308,77309],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,77310,77311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77312,77313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77314,1506],{"class":93},[20,77316,77317],{},"But this would raise an error:",[48,77319,77321],{"className":50,"code":77320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77322,77323,77343,77347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77324,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77326,3853],{"class":63},[57,77328,68],{"class":67},[57,77330,1380],{"class":93},[57,77332,941],{"class":1023},[57,77334,107],{"class":93},[57,77336,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77338,107],{"class":93},[57,77340,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77342,288],{"class":93},[57,77344,77345],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77346,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77348,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77350,119],{"class":118},[57,77352,101],{"class":93},[57,77354,3883],{"class":97},[57,77356,258],{"class":93},[57,77358,2372],{"class":1023},[57,77360,1280],{"class":93},[20,77362,77363,77364,94],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[293,77365,1940],{"href":1939},[43,77367,15409],{"id":77368},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77370,77371],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,77373,77374,77378,77380,77383,77389],{},[33,77375,4937,77376,75968],{},[15,77377,75653],{},[33,77379,60925],{},[33,77381,77382],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,77384,37444,77385,8940,77387],{},[15,77386,76288],{},[15,77388,73753],{},[33,77390,77391,77392,77394],{},"Using step ",[15,77393,1277],{},", which causes an error",[572,77396,77398],{"id":77397},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[48,77400,77402],{"className":50,"code":77401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77403,77404,77432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77405,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77407,3853],{"class":63},[57,77409,68],{"class":67},[57,77411,1380],{"class":93},[57,77413,941],{"class":1023},[57,77415,107],{"class":93},[57,77417,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77419,107],{"class":93},[57,77421,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77423,107],{"class":93},[57,77425,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77427,107],{"class":93},[57,77429,5313],{"class":1023},[57,77431,288],{"class":93},[57,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77435,119],{"class":118},[57,77437,101],{"class":93},[57,77439,3883],{"class":97},[57,77441,258],{"class":93},[57,77443,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77445,1016],{"class":93},[57,77447,2740],{"class":1023},[57,77449,1280],{"class":93},[20,77451,77452],{},"This returns:",[48,77454,77456],{"className":50,"code":77455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77457,77458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77459,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77461,258],{"class":93},[57,77463,15987],{"class":1023},[57,77465,107],{"class":93},[57,77467,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77469,107],{"class":93},[57,77471,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77473,288],{"class":93},[20,77475,41146,77476,77478,77479,77481,77482,94],{},[153,77477,175],{}," include ",[15,77480,77020],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77483,2740],{},[572,77485,77487],{"id":77486},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77489,16877],{},[48,77491,77493],{"className":50,"code":77492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77494,77495,77515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77496,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77498,3853],{"class":63},[57,77500,68],{"class":67},[57,77502,1380],{"class":93},[57,77504,941],{"class":1023},[57,77506,107],{"class":93},[57,77508,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77510,107],{"class":93},[57,77512,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77514,288],{"class":93},[57,77516,77517],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77518,77519],{"class":132},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77521,77522],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[48,77524,77526],{"className":50,"code":77525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77527,77528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77529,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77531,119],{"class":118},[57,77533,101],{"class":93},[57,77535,3883],{"class":97},[57,77537,258],{"class":93},[57,77539,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77541,1016],{"class":93},[57,77543,2299],{"class":1023},[57,77545,1280],{"class":93},[572,77547,77549],{"id":77548},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77551,77552],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[48,77554,77556],{"className":50,"code":77555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77557,77558,77582,77596,77600,77610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77559,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77561,3853],{"class":63},[57,77563,68],{"class":67},[57,77565,1380],{"class":93},[57,77567,941],{"class":1023},[57,77569,107],{"class":93},[57,77571,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77573,107],{"class":93},[57,77575,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77577,107],{"class":93},[57,77579,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77581,288],{"class":93},[57,77583,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77585,75886],{"class":63},[57,77587,68],{"class":67},[57,77589,4495],{"class":63},[57,77591,75762],{"class":93},[57,77593,1931],{"class":1023},[57,77595,288],{"class":93},[57,77597,77598],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77599,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77601,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,77603,119],{"class":118},[57,77605,101],{"class":93},[57,77607,75909],{"class":97},[57,77609,112],{"class":93},[57,77611,77612,77614,77616,77618],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,77613,119],{"class":118},[57,77615,101],{"class":93},[57,77617,3883],{"class":97},[57,77619,112],{"class":93},[20,77621,243],{},[48,77623,77625],{"className":50,"code":77624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77626,77627,77639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77628,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77630,258],{"class":93},[57,77632,941],{"class":1023},[57,77634,107],{"class":93},[57,77636,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77638,288],{"class":93},[57,77640,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77642,258],{"class":93},[57,77644,941],{"class":1023},[57,77646,107],{"class":93},[57,77648,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77650,107],{"class":93},[57,77652,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77654,107],{"class":93},[57,77656,51079],{"class":1023},[57,77658,288],{"class":93},[20,77660,77661],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[572,77663,77665,77666,8940,77668],{"id":77664},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77667,76288],{},[15,77669,73753],{},[48,77671,77673],{"className":50,"code":77672,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77674,77675,77695,77699,77716,77727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77676,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77678,3853],{"class":63},[57,77680,68],{"class":67},[57,77682,1380],{"class":93},[57,77684,941],{"class":1023},[57,77686,107],{"class":93},[57,77688,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77690,107],{"class":93},[57,77692,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77694,288],{"class":93},[57,77696,77697],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77698,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,77700,77701,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77702,77703],{"class":63},"reversed_copy ",[57,77705,68],{"class":67},[57,77707,4495],{"class":63},[57,77709,74349],{"class":93},[57,77711,1415],{"class":67},[57,77713,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77715,288],{"class":93},[57,77717,77718,77720,77722,77725],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,77719,119],{"class":118},[57,77721,101],{"class":93},[57,77723,77724],{"class":97},"reversed_copy",[57,77726,112],{"class":93},[57,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,77730,119],{"class":118},[57,77732,101],{"class":93},[57,77734,3883],{"class":97},[57,77736,112],{"class":93},[20,77738,243],{},[48,77740,77742],{"className":50,"code":77741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77743,77744,77760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77745,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756,77758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77747,258],{"class":93},[57,77749,37082],{"class":1023},[57,77751,107],{"class":93},[57,77753,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77755,107],{"class":93},[57,77757,6238],{"class":1023},[57,77759,288],{"class":93},[57,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77763,258],{"class":93},[57,77765,941],{"class":1023},[57,77767,107],{"class":93},[57,77769,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77771,107],{"class":93},[57,77773,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77775,288],{"class":93},[20,77777,77778,77781],{},[15,77779,77780],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77783,77784,77785,77788],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77786,77787],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[572,77790,77792],{"id":77791},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77794,77795],{},"This is not allowed:",[48,77797,77799],{"className":50,"code":77798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77800,77801,77821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77802,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77804,3853],{"class":63},[57,77806,68],{"class":67},[57,77808,1380],{"class":93},[57,77810,941],{"class":1023},[57,77812,107],{"class":93},[57,77814,8025],{"class":1023},[57,77816,107],{"class":93},[57,77818,8030],{"class":1023},[57,77820,288],{"class":93},[57,77822,77823],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77824,77825],{"class":132},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77827,77828,77829,94],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77830,40944],{},[43,77832,77834],{"id":77833},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77836,77837],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77839,77840,77847,77853,77856,77859],{},[33,77841,37444,77842,2082,77844,77846],{},[15,77843,36312],{},[15,77845,75653],{}," positions",[33,77848,77849,77850,77852],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77851,75653],{}," index is included",[33,77854,77855],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77857,77858],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77860,77861],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77863,77864],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[48,77866,77868],{"className":50,"code":77867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77869,77870,77880,77894,77912,77926,77943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77871,77872,77874,77876,77878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77873,119],{"class":118},[57,77875,101],{"class":93},[57,77877,8574],{"class":97},[57,77879,112],{"class":93},[57,77881,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,77883,119],{"class":118},[57,77885,101],{"class":93},[57,77887,2009],{"class":118},[57,77889,101],{"class":93},[57,77891,8574],{"class":97},[57,77893,640],{"class":93},[57,77895,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,77897,119],{"class":118},[57,77899,101],{"class":93},[57,77901,8574],{"class":97},[57,77903,258],{"class":93},[57,77905,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77907,1016],{"class":93},[57,77909,2740],{"class":1023},[57,77911,1280],{"class":93},[57,77913,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,77915,119],{"class":118},[57,77917,101],{"class":93},[57,77919,8574],{"class":97},[57,77921,75762],{"class":93},[57,77923,2299],{"class":1023},[57,77925,1280],{"class":93},[57,77927,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,77929,119],{"class":118},[57,77931,101],{"class":93},[57,77933,8574],{"class":97},[57,77935,258],{"class":93},[57,77937,1415],{"class":67},[57,77939,2299],{"class":1023},[57,77941,77942],{"class":93},":])\n",[57,77944,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,77946,119],{"class":118},[57,77948,101],{"class":93},[57,77950,8574],{"class":97},[57,77952,74349],{"class":93},[57,77954,1415],{"class":67},[57,77956,3224],{"class":1023},[57,77958,1280],{"class":93},[20,77960,425,77961,77963,77964,77968],{},[15,77962,42601],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[293,77965,77967],{"href":77966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[43,77970,2075],{"id":2074},[572,77972,77974],{"id":77973},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77976,77977],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[572,77979,77981],{"id":77980},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77983,77984],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[572,77986,2112,77988,2115],{"id":77987},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77989,76288],{},[20,77991,77992],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[572,77994,77996,77997,2085],{"id":77995},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77998,70958],{},[20,78000,78001],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[43,78003,2132],{"id":2131},[30,78005,78006,78011,78016,78020,78024,78028],{},[33,78007,78008],{},[293,78009,78010],{"href":51214},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,78012,78013],{},[293,78014,78015],{"href":57388},"How to create a list in Python",[33,78017,78018],{},[293,78019,15197],{"href":57454},[33,78021,78022],{},[293,78023,75034],{"href":75033},[33,78025,78026],{},[293,78027,77967],{"href":77966},[33,78029,78030],{},[293,78031,1940],{"href":1939},[20,78033,78034,78035,78037],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78036,42601],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2161,78039,78040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":78042},[78043,78044,78045,78046,78047,78048,78051,78055,78063,78064,78072],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":75817,"depth":82,"text":75818},{"id":75980,"depth":82,"text":75981},{"id":76242,"depth":82,"text":76243},{"id":76536,"depth":82,"text":76537},{"id":76782,"depth":82,"text":76783,"children":78049},[78050],{"id":77039,"depth":115,"text":77040},{"id":77093,"depth":82,"text":77094,"children":78052},[78053,78054],{"id":77100,"depth":115,"text":77101},{"id":77161,"depth":115,"text":77162},{"id":77368,"depth":82,"text":15409,"children":78056},[78057,78058,78059,78060,78062],{"id":77397,"depth":115,"text":77398},{"id":77486,"depth":115,"text":77487},{"id":77548,"depth":115,"text":77549},{"id":77664,"depth":115,"text":78061},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77791,"depth":115,"text":77792},{"id":77833,"depth":82,"text":77834},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":78065},[78066,78067,78068,78070],{"id":77973,"depth":115,"text":77974},{"id":77980,"depth":115,"text":77981},{"id":77987,"depth":115,"text":78069},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77995,"depth":115,"text":78071},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75640,"description":78073},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78080,"title":78081,"body":78082,"description":80149,"extension":2201,"meta":80150,"navigation":217,"path":80151,"seo":80152,"stem":80153,"__hash__":80154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78083,"toc":80115},[78084,78089,78095,78101,78103,78150,78157,78162,78166,78181,78184,78237,78239,78264,78269,78271,78303,78306,78322,78324,78385,78387,78412,78416,78421,78474,78476,78501,78506,78567,78569,78594,78597,78604,78608,78611,78672,78674,78706,78709,78770,78772,78805,78811,78884,78886,78918,78925,78930,78935,78937,78949,78952,79030,79032,79073,79076,79150,79152,79185,79190,79197,79204,79208,79217,79221,79229,79231,79298,79300,79336,79341,79352,79354,79359,79364,79366,79429,79431,79456,79463,79468,79472,79475,79514,79519,79525,79530,79532,79559,79564,79567,79614,79616,79673,79680,79685,79691,79760,79764,79767,79830,79832,79865,79870,79872,79875,79956,79958,79982,79988,79990,79995,79999,80006,80014,80018,80020,80043,80047,80049,80076,80079,80086,80089,80091,80112],[10,78085,54577,78087,18],{"id":78086},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78088,64542],{},[20,78090,78091,78094],{},[15,78092,78093],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78096,78097,78098,78100],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78099,64542],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[43,78102,46],{"id":45},[48,78104,78106],{"className":50,"code":78105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78107,78108,78128,78138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78109,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78111,3853],{"class":63},[57,78113,68],{"class":67},[57,78115,1380],{"class":93},[57,78117,2299],{"class":1023},[57,78119,107],{"class":93},[57,78121,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78123,107],{"class":93},[57,78125,1024],{"class":1023},[57,78127,288],{"class":93},[57,78129,78130,78132,78134,78136],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78131,3883],{"class":63},[57,78133,94],{"class":93},[57,78135,35037],{"class":97},[57,78137,212],{"class":93},[57,78139,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78141,119],{"class":118},[57,78143,101],{"class":93},[57,78145,3883],{"class":97},[57,78147,3896],{"class":93},[57,78149,55167],{"class":132},[20,78151,136,78152,78154,78155,94],{},[15,78153,78093],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78156,4012],{},[43,78158,143,78160,146],{"id":78159},"what-listsort-does",[15,78161,78093],{},[20,78163,78164,1016],{},[15,78165,78093],{},[30,78167,78168,78171,78174,78178],{},[33,78169,78170],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,78172,78173],{},"Changes the original list",[33,78175,11655,78176],{},[15,78177,4012],{},[33,78179,78180],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78182,78183],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[48,78185,78187],{"className":50,"code":78186,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78188,78189,78213,78223,78227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78190,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78192,3853],{"class":63},[57,78194,68],{"class":67},[57,78196,1380],{"class":93},[57,78198,2372],{"class":1023},[57,78200,107],{"class":93},[57,78202,1024],{"class":1023},[57,78204,107],{"class":93},[57,78206,54371],{"class":1023},[57,78208,107],{"class":93},[57,78210,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78212,288],{"class":93},[57,78214,78215,78217,78219,78221],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78216,3883],{"class":63},[57,78218,94],{"class":93},[57,78220,35037],{"class":97},[57,78222,212],{"class":93},[57,78224,78225],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78226,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78228,78229,78231,78233,78235],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78230,119],{"class":118},[57,78232,101],{"class":93},[57,78234,3883],{"class":97},[57,78236,112],{"class":93},[20,78238,243],{},[48,78240,78242],{"className":50,"code":78241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78243,78244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78245,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78247,258],{"class":93},[57,78249,3224],{"class":1023},[57,78251,107],{"class":93},[57,78253,1024],{"class":1023},[57,78255,107],{"class":93},[57,78257,4838],{"class":1023},[57,78259,107],{"class":93},[57,78261,54371],{"class":1023},[57,78263,288],{"class":93},[20,78265,78266,78267,94],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[293,78268,67308],{"href":51214},[43,78270,300],{"id":299},[48,78272,78274],{"className":50,"code":78273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78275,78276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78277,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294,78297,78299,78301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78279,8574],{"class":63},[57,78281,94],{"class":93},[57,78283,35037],{"class":97},[57,78285,101],{"class":93},[57,78287,15073],{"class":9411},[57,78289,68],{"class":67},[57,78291,4012],{"class":4085},[57,78293,107],{"class":93},[57,78295,78296],{"class":9411}," reverse",[57,78298,68],{"class":67},[57,78300,3909],{"class":4085},[57,78302,112],{"class":93},[20,78304,78305],{},"Main arguments:",[30,78307,78308,78313,78319],{},[33,78309,78310,78312],{},[15,78311,15073],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,78314,78315,78318],{},[15,78316,78317],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,78320,78321],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78323,179],{},[48,78325,78327],{"className":50,"code":78326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78328,78329,78353,78371,78375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78330,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78332,3853],{"class":63},[57,78334,68],{"class":67},[57,78336,1380],{"class":93},[57,78338,2740],{"class":1023},[57,78340,107],{"class":93},[57,78342,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78344,107],{"class":93},[57,78346,6227],{"class":1023},[57,78348,107],{"class":93},[57,78350,1024],{"class":1023},[57,78352,288],{"class":93},[57,78354,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78356,3883],{"class":63},[57,78358,94],{"class":93},[57,78360,35037],{"class":97},[57,78362,101],{"class":93},[57,78364,73804],{"class":9411},[57,78366,68],{"class":67},[57,78368,3838],{"class":4085},[57,78370,112],{"class":93},[57,78372,78373],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78374,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78376,78377,78379,78381,78383],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78378,119],{"class":118},[57,78380,101],{"class":93},[57,78382,3883],{"class":97},[57,78384,112],{"class":93},[20,78386,243],{},[48,78388,78390],{"className":50,"code":78389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78391,78392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78393,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78395,258],{"class":93},[57,78397,2262],{"class":1023},[57,78399,107],{"class":93},[57,78401,2692],{"class":1023},[57,78403,107],{"class":93},[57,78405,1024],{"class":1023},[57,78407,107],{"class":93},[57,78409,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78411,288],{"class":93},[43,78413,78415],{"id":78414},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78417,136,78418,78420],{},[15,78419,64542],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[48,78422,78424],{"className":50,"code":78423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78425,78426,78450,78460,78464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78427,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78429,3853],{"class":63},[57,78431,68],{"class":67},[57,78433,1380],{"class":93},[57,78435,941],{"class":1023},[57,78437,107],{"class":93},[57,78439,2686],{"class":1023},[57,78441,107],{"class":93},[57,78443,6594],{"class":1023},[57,78445,107],{"class":93},[57,78447,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78449,288],{"class":93},[57,78451,78452,78454,78456,78458],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78453,3883],{"class":63},[57,78455,94],{"class":93},[57,78457,35037],{"class":97},[57,78459,212],{"class":93},[57,78461,78462],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78463,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78465,78466,78468,78470,78472],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78467,119],{"class":118},[57,78469,101],{"class":93},[57,78471,3883],{"class":97},[57,78473,112],{"class":93},[20,78475,243],{},[48,78477,78479],{"className":50,"code":78478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78480,78481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78482,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78484,258],{"class":93},[57,78486,3224],{"class":1023},[57,78488,107],{"class":93},[57,78490,2686],{"class":1023},[57,78492,107],{"class":93},[57,78494,6594],{"class":1023},[57,78496,107],{"class":93},[57,78498,6238],{"class":1023},[57,78500,288],{"class":93},[20,78502,136,78503,78505],{},[15,78504,78317],{}," for descending order:",[48,78507,78509],{"className":50,"code":78508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78510,78511,78535,78553,78557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78514,3853],{"class":63},[57,78516,68],{"class":67},[57,78518,1380],{"class":93},[57,78520,941],{"class":1023},[57,78522,107],{"class":93},[57,78524,2686],{"class":1023},[57,78526,107],{"class":93},[57,78528,6594],{"class":1023},[57,78530,107],{"class":93},[57,78532,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78534,288],{"class":93},[57,78536,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78538,3883],{"class":63},[57,78540,94],{"class":93},[57,78542,35037],{"class":97},[57,78544,101],{"class":93},[57,78546,73804],{"class":9411},[57,78548,68],{"class":67},[57,78550,3838],{"class":4085},[57,78552,112],{"class":93},[57,78554,78555],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78556,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78558,78559,78561,78563,78565],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78560,119],{"class":118},[57,78562,101],{"class":93},[57,78564,3883],{"class":97},[57,78566,112],{"class":93},[20,78568,243],{},[48,78570,78572],{"className":50,"code":78571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78573,78574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78577,258],{"class":93},[57,78579,941],{"class":1023},[57,78581,107],{"class":93},[57,78583,6594],{"class":1023},[57,78585,107],{"class":93},[57,78587,2686],{"class":1023},[57,78589,107],{"class":93},[57,78591,1143],{"class":1023},[57,78593,288],{"class":93},[20,78595,78596],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78598,78599,78600,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[293,78601,78603],{"href":78602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[43,78605,78607],{"id":78606},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78609,78610],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[48,78612,78614],{"className":50,"code":78613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78615,78616,78648,78658,78662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78619,4304],{"class":63},[57,78621,68],{"class":67},[57,78623,1380],{"class":93},[57,78625,104],{"class":71},[57,78627,845],{"class":75},[57,78629,104],{"class":71},[57,78631,107],{"class":93},[57,78633,72],{"class":71},[57,78635,836],{"class":75},[57,78637,104],{"class":71},[57,78639,107],{"class":93},[57,78641,72],{"class":71},[57,78643,854],{"class":75},[57,78645,104],{"class":71},[57,78647,288],{"class":93},[57,78649,78650,78652,78654,78656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78651,4345],{"class":63},[57,78653,94],{"class":93},[57,78655,35037],{"class":97},[57,78657,212],{"class":93},[57,78659,78660],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78661,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78663,78664,78666,78668,78670],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78665,119],{"class":118},[57,78667,101],{"class":93},[57,78669,4345],{"class":97},[57,78671,112],{"class":93},[20,78673,243],{},[48,78675,78676],{"className":50,"code":825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,78677,78678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78681,258],{"class":93},[57,78683,261],{"class":71},[57,78685,836],{"class":75},[57,78687,261],{"class":71},[57,78689,107],{"class":93},[57,78691,271],{"class":71},[57,78693,845],{"class":75},[57,78695,261],{"class":71},[57,78697,107],{"class":93},[57,78699,271],{"class":71},[57,78701,854],{"class":75},[57,78703,261],{"class":71},[57,78705,288],{"class":93},[20,78707,78708],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[48,78710,78712],{"className":50,"code":78711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78713,78714,78746,78756,78760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78715,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78717,4304],{"class":63},[57,78719,68],{"class":67},[57,78721,1380],{"class":93},[57,78723,104],{"class":71},[57,78725,845],{"class":75},[57,78727,104],{"class":71},[57,78729,107],{"class":93},[57,78731,72],{"class":71},[57,78733,58003],{"class":75},[57,78735,104],{"class":71},[57,78737,107],{"class":93},[57,78739,72],{"class":71},[57,78741,854],{"class":75},[57,78743,104],{"class":71},[57,78745,288],{"class":93},[57,78747,78748,78750,78752,78754],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78749,4345],{"class":63},[57,78751,94],{"class":93},[57,78753,35037],{"class":97},[57,78755,212],{"class":93},[57,78757,78758],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78759,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78761,78762,78764,78766,78768],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78763,119],{"class":118},[57,78765,101],{"class":93},[57,78767,4345],{"class":97},[57,78769,112],{"class":93},[20,78771,243],{},[48,78773,78775],{"className":50,"code":78774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78776,78777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78780,258],{"class":93},[57,78782,261],{"class":71},[57,78784,58003],{"class":75},[57,78786,261],{"class":71},[57,78788,107],{"class":93},[57,78790,271],{"class":71},[57,78792,845],{"class":75},[57,78794,261],{"class":71},[57,78796,107],{"class":93},[57,78798,271],{"class":71},[57,78800,854],{"class":75},[57,78802,261],{"class":71},[57,78804,288],{"class":93},[20,78806,78807,78808,1016],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78809,78810],{},"key=str.lower",[48,78812,78814],{"className":50,"code":78813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78815,78816,78848,78870,78874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78817,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78819,4304],{"class":63},[57,78821,68],{"class":67},[57,78823,1380],{"class":93},[57,78825,104],{"class":71},[57,78827,845],{"class":75},[57,78829,104],{"class":71},[57,78831,107],{"class":93},[57,78833,72],{"class":71},[57,78835,58003],{"class":75},[57,78837,104],{"class":71},[57,78839,107],{"class":93},[57,78841,72],{"class":71},[57,78843,854],{"class":75},[57,78845,104],{"class":71},[57,78847,288],{"class":93},[57,78849,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,78851,4345],{"class":63},[57,78853,94],{"class":93},[57,78855,35037],{"class":97},[57,78857,101],{"class":93},[57,78859,15073],{"class":9411},[57,78861,68],{"class":67},[57,78863,3676],{"class":1256},[57,78865,94],{"class":93},[57,78867,8876],{"class":24987},[57,78869,112],{"class":93},[57,78871,78872],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,78873,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,78875,78876,78878,78880,78882],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,78877,119],{"class":118},[57,78879,101],{"class":93},[57,78881,4345],{"class":97},[57,78883,112],{"class":93},[20,78885,243],{},[48,78887,78888],{"className":50,"code":78774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,78889,78890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78891,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78893,258],{"class":93},[57,78895,261],{"class":71},[57,78897,58003],{"class":75},[57,78899,261],{"class":71},[57,78901,107],{"class":93},[57,78903,271],{"class":71},[57,78905,845],{"class":75},[57,78907,261],{"class":71},[57,78909,107],{"class":93},[57,78911,271],{"class":71},[57,78913,854],{"class":75},[57,78915,261],{"class":71},[57,78917,288],{"class":93},[20,78919,78920,78921,78924],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78922,78923],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[43,78926,36853,78928,36856],{"id":78927},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78929,15073],{},[20,78931,2218,78932,78934],{},[15,78933,15073],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78936,7577],{},[30,78938,78939,78944],{},[33,78940,78941,78943],{},[15,78942,2009],{}," to sort by length",[33,78945,78946,78948],{},[15,78947,78923],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78950,78951],{},"Sort words by length:",[48,78953,78955],{"className":50,"code":78954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78956,78957,78998,79016,79020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78958,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78960,4304],{"class":63},[57,78962,68],{"class":67},[57,78964,1380],{"class":93},[57,78966,104],{"class":71},[57,78968,78969],{"class":75},"pear",[57,78971,104],{"class":71},[57,78973,107],{"class":93},[57,78975,72],{"class":71},[57,78977,845],{"class":75},[57,78979,104],{"class":71},[57,78981,107],{"class":93},[57,78983,72],{"class":71},[57,78985,38598],{"class":75},[57,78987,104],{"class":71},[57,78989,107],{"class":93},[57,78991,72],{"class":71},[57,78993,836],{"class":75},[57,78995,104],{"class":71},[57,78997,288],{"class":93},[57,78999,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79001,4345],{"class":63},[57,79003,94],{"class":93},[57,79005,35037],{"class":97},[57,79007,101],{"class":93},[57,79009,15073],{"class":9411},[57,79011,68],{"class":67},[57,79013,2009],{"class":118},[57,79015,112],{"class":93},[57,79017,79018],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79019,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79021,79022,79024,79026,79028],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79023,119],{"class":118},[57,79025,101],{"class":93},[57,79027,4345],{"class":97},[57,79029,112],{"class":93},[20,79031,243],{},[48,79033,79035],{"className":50,"code":79034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79036,79037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79038,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79040,258],{"class":93},[57,79042,261],{"class":71},[57,79044,38598],{"class":75},[57,79046,261],{"class":71},[57,79048,107],{"class":93},[57,79050,271],{"class":71},[57,79052,78969],{"class":75},[57,79054,261],{"class":71},[57,79056,107],{"class":93},[57,79058,271],{"class":71},[57,79060,836],{"class":75},[57,79062,261],{"class":71},[57,79064,107],{"class":93},[57,79066,271],{"class":71},[57,79068,845],{"class":75},[57,79070,261],{"class":71},[57,79072,288],{"class":93},[20,79074,79075],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[48,79077,79079],{"className":50,"code":79078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79080,79081,79114,79136,79140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79110,79112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79084,4304],{"class":63},[57,79086,68],{"class":67},[57,79088,1380],{"class":93},[57,79090,104],{"class":71},[57,79092,5245],{"class":75},[57,79094,104],{"class":71},[57,79096,107],{"class":93},[57,79098,72],{"class":71},[57,79100,18037],{"class":75},[57,79102,104],{"class":71},[57,79104,107],{"class":93},[57,79106,72],{"class":71},[57,79108,79109],{"class":75},"Carol",[57,79111,104],{"class":71},[57,79113,288],{"class":93},[57,79115,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79117,4345],{"class":63},[57,79119,94],{"class":93},[57,79121,35037],{"class":97},[57,79123,101],{"class":93},[57,79125,15073],{"class":9411},[57,79127,68],{"class":67},[57,79129,3676],{"class":1256},[57,79131,94],{"class":93},[57,79133,8876],{"class":24987},[57,79135,112],{"class":93},[57,79137,79138],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79139,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79141,79142,79144,79146,79148],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79143,119],{"class":118},[57,79145,101],{"class":93},[57,79147,4345],{"class":97},[57,79149,112],{"class":93},[20,79151,243],{},[48,79153,79155],{"className":50,"code":79154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79156,79157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79160,258],{"class":93},[57,79162,261],{"class":71},[57,79164,18037],{"class":75},[57,79166,261],{"class":71},[57,79168,107],{"class":93},[57,79170,271],{"class":71},[57,79172,5245],{"class":75},[57,79174,261],{"class":71},[57,79176,107],{"class":93},[57,79178,271],{"class":71},[57,79180,79109],{"class":75},[57,79182,261],{"class":71},[57,79184,288],{"class":93},[20,79186,2218,79187,79189],{},[15,79188,15073],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[43,79191,79193,577,79195],{"id":79192},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79194,78093],{},[15,79196,74651],{},[20,79198,79199,2082,79201,79203],{},[15,79200,78093],{},[15,79202,74651],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79205,79206,1016],{},[15,79207,78093],{},[30,79209,79210,79213],{},[33,79211,79212],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,79214,11655,79215],{},[15,79216,4012],{},[20,79218,79219,1016],{},[15,79220,74651],{},[30,79222,79223,79226],{},[33,79224,79225],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,79227,79228],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79230,179],{},[48,79232,79234],{"className":50,"code":79233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79235,79236,79256,79260,79274,79278,79288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79237,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79239,3853],{"class":63},[57,79241,68],{"class":67},[57,79243,1380],{"class":93},[57,79245,2299],{"class":1023},[57,79247,107],{"class":93},[57,79249,1143],{"class":1023},[57,79251,107],{"class":93},[57,79253,1024],{"class":1023},[57,79255,288],{"class":93},[57,79257,79258],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79259,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79261,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79263,56125],{"class":63},[57,79265,68],{"class":67},[57,79267,74785],{"class":118},[57,79269,101],{"class":93},[57,79271,3883],{"class":97},[57,79273,112],{"class":93},[57,79275,79276],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79277,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79279,79280,79282,79284,79286],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,79281,119],{"class":118},[57,79283,101],{"class":93},[57,79285,3883],{"class":97},[57,79287,112],{"class":93},[57,79289,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,79291,119],{"class":118},[57,79293,101],{"class":93},[57,79295,74508],{"class":97},[57,79297,112],{"class":93},[20,79299,243],{},[48,79301,79302],{"className":50,"code":74820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,79303,79304,79320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79305,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79307,258],{"class":93},[57,79309,2299],{"class":1023},[57,79311,107],{"class":93},[57,79313,1143],{"class":1023},[57,79315,107],{"class":93},[57,79317,1024],{"class":1023},[57,79319,288],{"class":93},[57,79321,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79323,258],{"class":93},[57,79325,3224],{"class":1023},[57,79327,107],{"class":93},[57,79329,1024],{"class":1023},[57,79331,107],{"class":93},[57,79333,2686],{"class":1023},[57,79335,288],{"class":93},[20,79337,136,79338,79340],{},[15,79339,74651],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79342,79343,79344,2082,79348,94],{},"You can learn more in ",[293,79345,3809,79346,6016],{"href":74748},[15,79347,74651],{},[293,79349,79351],{"href":79350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[43,79353,1673],{"id":1672},[20,79355,79356,79357,94],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79358,78093],{},[572,79360,12826,79362],{"id":79361},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79363,64542],{},[20,79365,25928],{},[48,79367,79369],{"className":50,"code":79368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79370,79371,79391,79405,79409,79419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79372,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79374,3853],{"class":63},[57,79376,68],{"class":67},[57,79378,1380],{"class":93},[57,79380,2299],{"class":1023},[57,79382,107],{"class":93},[57,79384,1143],{"class":1023},[57,79386,107],{"class":93},[57,79388,1024],{"class":1023},[57,79390,288],{"class":93},[57,79392,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79394,2463],{"class":63},[57,79396,68],{"class":67},[57,79398,4495],{"class":63},[57,79400,94],{"class":93},[57,79402,35037],{"class":97},[57,79404,212],{"class":93},[57,79406,79407],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79408,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79410,79411,79413,79415,79417],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79412,119],{"class":118},[57,79414,101],{"class":93},[57,79416,2498],{"class":97},[57,79418,112],{"class":93},[57,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,79422,119],{"class":118},[57,79424,101],{"class":93},[57,79426,3883],{"class":97},[57,79428,112],{"class":93},[20,79430,243],{},[48,79432,79434],{"className":50,"code":79433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79435,79436,79440],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79437,79438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79439,12040],{"class":4085},[57,79441,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79443,258],{"class":93},[57,79445,3224],{"class":1023},[57,79447,107],{"class":93},[57,79449,1024],{"class":1023},[57,79451,107],{"class":93},[57,79453,2686],{"class":1023},[57,79455,288],{"class":93},[20,79457,79458,79460,79461,94],{},[15,79459,64542],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79462,4012],{},[20,79464,79465,79466,6866],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79467,74651],{},[572,79469,79471],{"id":79470},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79473,79474],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[48,79476,79478],{"className":50,"code":79477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79479,79480,79504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79481,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79483,8014],{"class":63},[57,79485,68],{"class":67},[57,79487,1380],{"class":93},[57,79489,3224],{"class":1023},[57,79491,107],{"class":93},[57,79493,72],{"class":71},[57,79495,408],{"class":75},[57,79497,104],{"class":71},[57,79499,107],{"class":93},[57,79501,2686],{"class":1023},[57,79503,288],{"class":93},[57,79505,79506,79508,79510,79512],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79507,8045],{"class":63},[57,79509,94],{"class":93},[57,79511,35037],{"class":97},[57,79513,212],{"class":93},[20,79515,3238,79516,79518],{},[15,79517,3241],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[572,79520,4937,79522,79524],{"id":79521},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79523,64542],{}," only works on lists",[20,79526,79527,79529],{},[15,79528,64542],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79531,16877],{},[48,79533,79535],{"className":50,"code":79534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79536,79537,79549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79538,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79540,64],{"class":63},[57,79542,68],{"class":67},[57,79544,72],{"class":71},[57,79546,52],{"class":75},[57,79548,79],{"class":71},[57,79550,79551,79553,79555,79557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79552,227],{"class":63},[57,79554,94],{"class":93},[57,79556,35037],{"class":97},[57,79558,212],{"class":93},[20,79560,79561,79562,33841],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79563,64542],{},[20,79565,79566],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[48,79568,79570],{"className":50,"code":79569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79571,79572,79590,79600,79604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79573,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79575,36330],{"class":63},[57,79577,68],{"class":67},[57,79579,22796],{"class":1256},[57,79581,101],{"class":93},[57,79583,104],{"class":71},[57,79585,52],{"class":75},[57,79587,104],{"class":71},[57,79589,112],{"class":93},[57,79591,79592,79594,79596,79598],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79593,36383],{"class":63},[57,79595,94],{"class":93},[57,79597,35037],{"class":97},[57,79599,212],{"class":93},[57,79601,79602],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79603,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79605,79606,79608,79610,79612],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79607,119],{"class":118},[57,79609,101],{"class":93},[57,79611,36383],{"class":97},[57,79613,112],{"class":93},[20,79615,243],{},[48,79617,79619],{"className":50,"code":79618,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79620,79621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79622,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79624,258],{"class":93},[57,79626,261],{"class":71},[57,79628,60672],{"class":75},[57,79630,261],{"class":71},[57,79632,107],{"class":93},[57,79634,271],{"class":71},[57,79636,76257],{"class":75},[57,79638,261],{"class":71},[57,79640,107],{"class":93},[57,79642,271],{"class":71},[57,79644,60707],{"class":75},[57,79646,261],{"class":71},[57,79648,107],{"class":93},[57,79650,271],{"class":71},[57,79652,20],{"class":75},[57,79654,261],{"class":71},[57,79656,107],{"class":93},[57,79658,271],{"class":71},[57,79660,63517],{"class":75},[57,79662,261],{"class":71},[57,79664,107],{"class":93},[57,79666,271],{"class":71},[57,79668,11977],{"class":75},[57,79670,261],{"class":71},[57,79672,288],{"class":93},[572,79674,79676,79677,79679],{"id":79675},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79678,15073],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79681,79682,79683,94],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79684,15073],{},[20,79686,79687,79688,79690],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79689,64542],{}," will not do that:",[48,79692,79694],{"className":50,"code":79693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79695,79696,79728,79746,79750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79697,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79699,4304],{"class":63},[57,79701,68],{"class":67},[57,79703,1380],{"class":93},[57,79705,104],{"class":71},[57,79707,845],{"class":75},[57,79709,104],{"class":71},[57,79711,107],{"class":93},[57,79713,72],{"class":71},[57,79715,38598],{"class":75},[57,79717,104],{"class":71},[57,79719,107],{"class":93},[57,79721,72],{"class":71},[57,79723,836],{"class":75},[57,79725,104],{"class":71},[57,79727,288],{"class":93},[57,79729,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79731,4345],{"class":63},[57,79733,94],{"class":93},[57,79735,35037],{"class":97},[57,79737,101],{"class":93},[57,79739,15073],{"class":9411},[57,79741,68],{"class":67},[57,79743,2009],{"class":118},[57,79745,112],{"class":93},[57,79747,79748],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79749,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79751,79752,79754,79756,79758],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79753,119],{"class":118},[57,79755,101],{"class":93},[57,79757,4345],{"class":97},[57,79759,112],{"class":93},[572,79761,79763],{"id":79762},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79765,79766],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[48,79768,79770],{"className":50,"code":79769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79771,79772,79806,79816,79820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79773,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79802,79804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79775,4304],{"class":63},[57,79777,68],{"class":67},[57,79779,1380],{"class":93},[57,79781,104],{"class":71},[57,79783,79784],{"class":75},"zebra",[57,79786,104],{"class":71},[57,79788,107],{"class":93},[57,79790,72],{"class":71},[57,79792,58003],{"class":75},[57,79794,104],{"class":71},[57,79796,107],{"class":93},[57,79798,72],{"class":71},[57,79800,79801],{"class":75},"monkey",[57,79803,104],{"class":71},[57,79805,288],{"class":93},[57,79807,79808,79810,79812,79814],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79809,4345],{"class":63},[57,79811,94],{"class":93},[57,79813,35037],{"class":97},[57,79815,212],{"class":93},[57,79817,79818],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79819,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,79821,79822,79824,79826,79828],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79823,119],{"class":118},[57,79825,101],{"class":93},[57,79827,4345],{"class":97},[57,79829,112],{"class":93},[20,79831,243],{},[48,79833,79835],{"className":50,"code":79834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79836,79837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79838,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79840,258],{"class":93},[57,79842,261],{"class":71},[57,79844,58003],{"class":75},[57,79846,261],{"class":71},[57,79848,107],{"class":93},[57,79850,271],{"class":71},[57,79852,79801],{"class":75},[57,79854,261],{"class":71},[57,79856,107],{"class":93},[57,79858,271],{"class":71},[57,79860,79784],{"class":75},[57,79862,261],{"class":71},[57,79864,288],{"class":93},[20,79866,136,79867,79869],{},[15,79868,78810],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[572,79871,1944],{"id":1943},[20,79873,79874],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,79876,79878],{"className":50,"code":79877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79879,79880,79890,79904,79918,79932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79881,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79883,119],{"class":118},[57,79885,101],{"class":93},[57,79887,8574],{"class":97},[57,79889,112],{"class":93},[57,79891,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,79893,119],{"class":118},[57,79895,101],{"class":93},[57,79897,1257],{"class":1256},[57,79899,101],{"class":93},[57,79901,8574],{"class":97},[57,79903,640],{"class":93},[57,79905,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,79907,119],{"class":118},[57,79909,101],{"class":93},[57,79911,8574],{"class":97},[57,79913,94],{"class":93},[57,79915,35037],{"class":97},[57,79917,383],{"class":93},[57,79919,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,79921,119],{"class":118},[57,79923,101],{"class":93},[57,79925,74741],{"class":118},[57,79927,101],{"class":93},[57,79929,8574],{"class":97},[57,79931,640],{"class":93},[57,79933,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,79935,119],{"class":118},[57,79937,3221],{"class":93},[57,79939,1257],{"class":1256},[57,79941,101],{"class":93},[57,79943,23547],{"class":97},[57,79945,3896],{"class":93},[57,79947,4111],{"class":4110},[57,79949,6194],{"class":97},[57,79951,4117],{"class":4110},[57,79953,8631],{"class":97},[57,79955,1280],{"class":93},[20,79957,2057],{},[30,79959,79960,79963,79966,79973,79979],{},[33,79961,79962],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79964,79965],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79967,79968,79969,2631,79971],{},"That ",[15,79970,64542],{},[15,79972,4012],{},[33,79974,79975,79976,79978],{},"Whether ",[15,79977,74651],{}," works better for your case",[33,79980,79981],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79983,79984,79985,79987],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79986,3241],{}," problems.",[43,79989,2075],{"id":2074},[572,79991,2099,79993,55704],{"id":79992},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79994,78093],{},[20,79996,62833,79997,94],{},[15,79998,4012],{},[572,80000,2079,80002,2082,80004,2085],{"id":80001},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80003,64542],{},[15,80005,74651],{},[20,80007,80008,80010,80011,80013],{},[15,80009,64542],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80012,74651],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[572,80015,80017],{"id":80016},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80019,18929],{},[48,80021,80023],{"className":50,"code":80022,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80024,80025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80026,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80028,8574],{"class":63},[57,80030,94],{"class":93},[57,80032,35037],{"class":97},[57,80034,101],{"class":93},[57,80036,73804],{"class":9411},[57,80038,68],{"class":67},[57,80040,3838],{"class":4085},[57,80042,112],{"class":93},[572,80044,80046],{"id":80045},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80048,18929],{},[48,80050,80052],{"className":50,"code":80051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80053,80054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80055,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80057,8574],{"class":63},[57,80059,94],{"class":93},[57,80061,35037],{"class":97},[57,80063,101],{"class":93},[57,80065,15073],{"class":9411},[57,80067,68],{"class":67},[57,80069,3676],{"class":1256},[57,80071,94],{"class":93},[57,80073,8876],{"class":24987},[57,80075,112],{"class":93},[20,80077,80078],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[572,80080,80082,80083,80085],{"id":80081},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80084,3241],{}," when sorting?",[20,80087,80088],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[43,80090,2132],{"id":2131},[30,80092,80093,80098,80104,80108],{},[33,80094,80095],{},[293,80096,80097],{"href":78602},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,80099,80100],{},[293,80101,3809,80102,6016],{"href":74748},[15,80103,74651],{},[33,80105,80106],{},[293,80107,67308],{"href":51214},[33,80109,80110],{},[293,80111,79351],{"href":79350},[2161,80113,80114],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":80116},[80117,80118,80120,80121,80122,80123,80125,80127,80138,80148],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":78159,"depth":82,"text":80119},"What list.sort() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":78414,"depth":82,"text":78415},{"id":78606,"depth":82,"text":78607},{"id":78927,"depth":82,"text":80124},"Using the key argument",{"id":79192,"depth":82,"text":80126},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":80128},[80129,80131,80132,80134,80136,80137],{"id":79361,"depth":115,"text":80130},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79470,"depth":115,"text":79471},{"id":79521,"depth":115,"text":80133},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79675,"depth":115,"text":80135},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79762,"depth":115,"text":79763},{"id":1943,"depth":115,"text":1944},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":80139},[80140,80142,80144,80145,80146],{"id":79992,"depth":115,"text":80141},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80001,"depth":115,"text":80143},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80016,"depth":115,"text":80017},{"id":80045,"depth":115,"text":80046},{"id":80081,"depth":115,"text":80147},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78081,"description":80149},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80156,"title":80157,"body":80158,"description":82789,"extension":2201,"meta":82790,"navigation":217,"path":82791,"seo":82792,"stem":82793,"__hash__":82794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80159,"toc":82748},[80160,80165,80170,80173,80184,80187,80207,80209,80271,80273,80314,80323,80328,80333,80339,80350,80352,80371,80374,80379,80384,80386,80391,80405,80407,80425,80428,80445,80448,80454,80477,80482,80484,80487,80548,80550,80583,80585,80624,80632,80642,80648,80653,80746,80748,80772,80774,80792,80795,80826,80832,80837,80840,80842,80967,80969,80993,80995,81014,81020,81026,81145,81147,81164,81171,81177,81182,81189,81195,81197,81254,81257,81278,81281,81284,81345,81347,81380,81384,81454,81456,81473,81477,81480,81555,81557,81594,81597,81600,81671,81673,81734,81739,81744,81747,81761,81763,81836,81838,81858,81861,81864,81921,81983,81986,82018,82021,82036,82041,82043,82049,82052,82108,82111,82113,82132,82136,82138,82182,82191,82193,82253,82257,82260,82262,82355,82357,82472,82476,82478,82552,82555,82558,82560,82565,82630,82632,82656,82666,82668,82674,82683,82692,82701,82707,82710,82714,82717,82719,82745],[10,80161,3809,80163,3813],{"id":80162},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80164,39957],{},[20,80166,3816,80167,80169],{},[15,80168,39957],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80171,80172],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,80174,80175,80178,80181],{},[33,80176,80177],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,80179,80180],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,80182,80183],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80185,80186],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,80188,80189,80196,80202],{},[33,80190,80191,14285,80193,80195],{},[15,80192,39957],{},[153,80194,175],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,80197,80198,80199],{},"it returns a ",[153,80200,80201],{},"map object",[33,80203,80204,80205],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80206,25018],{},[43,80208,46],{"id":45},[48,80210,80212],{"className":50,"code":80211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80213,80214,80238,80257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80215,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80217,3853],{"class":63},[57,80219,68],{"class":67},[57,80221,1380],{"class":93},[57,80223,3224],{"class":1023},[57,80225,107],{"class":93},[57,80227,1024],{"class":1023},[57,80229,107],{"class":93},[57,80231,2686],{"class":1023},[57,80233,107],{"class":93},[57,80235,2692],{"class":1023},[57,80237,288],{"class":93},[57,80239,80240,80242,80244,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80241,2463],{"class":63},[57,80243,68],{"class":67},[57,80245,80246],{"class":118}," map",[57,80248,101],{"class":93},[57,80250,3676],{"class":1256},[57,80252,107],{"class":93},[57,80254,4495],{"class":97},[57,80256,112],{"class":93},[57,80258,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,80260,119],{"class":118},[57,80262,101],{"class":93},[57,80264,1188],{"class":1256},[57,80266,101],{"class":93},[57,80268,2498],{"class":97},[57,80270,640],{"class":93},[20,80272,243],{},[48,80274,80276],{"className":50,"code":80275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80277,80278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80279,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80281,258],{"class":93},[57,80283,261],{"class":71},[57,80285,3224],{"class":75},[57,80287,261],{"class":71},[57,80289,107],{"class":93},[57,80291,271],{"class":71},[57,80293,1931],{"class":75},[57,80295,261],{"class":71},[57,80297,107],{"class":93},[57,80299,271],{"class":71},[57,80301,2299],{"class":75},[57,80303,261],{"class":71},[57,80305,107],{"class":93},[57,80307,271],{"class":71},[57,80309,2740],{"class":75},[57,80311,261],{"class":71},[57,80313,288],{"class":93},[20,80315,136,80316,80319,80320,80322],{},[15,80317,80318],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80321,25018],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[43,80324,143,80326,146],{"id":80325},"what-map-does",[15,80327,39957],{},[20,80329,80330,80332],{},[15,80331,39957],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80334,80335,80336,80338],{},"An ",[153,80337,3955],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347],{},[33,80342,38142],{},[33,80344,38145],{},[33,80346,38148],{},[33,80348,80349],{},"a range object",[20,80351,30964],{},[48,80353,80355],{"className":50,"code":80354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80356,80357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80358,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80360,40100],{"class":118},[57,80362,101],{"class":93},[57,80364,38101],{"class":97},[57,80366,107],{"class":93},[57,80368,38106],{"class":97},[57,80370,112],{"class":93},[20,80372,80373],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80375,80376,80377,33982],{},"Important: the result is a ",[153,80378,80201],{},[20,80380,80381,80382,94],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[293,80383,5369],{"href":5368},[43,80385,300],{"id":299},[20,80387,80388,80390],{},[15,80389,39957],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,80392,80393,80399],{},[33,80394,80395,80398],{},[153,80396,80397],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,80400,80401,80404],{},[153,80402,80403],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80406,3940],{},[48,80408,80409],{"className":50,"code":80354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,80410,80411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80412,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80414,40100],{"class":118},[57,80416,101],{"class":93},[57,80418,38101],{"class":97},[57,80420,107],{"class":93},[57,80422,38106],{"class":97},[57,80424,112],{"class":93},[20,80426,80427],{},"You can pass:",[30,80429,80430,80439,80442],{},[33,80431,80432,80433,754,80435,758,80437],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80434,3676],{},[15,80436,2423],{},[15,80438,2255],{},[33,80440,80441],{},"your own custom function",[33,80443,80444],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80446,80447],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80449,80450,80451,80453],{},"You will often see ",[15,80452,39957],{}," used like this:",[48,80455,80457],{"className":50,"code":80456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80458,80459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80460,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80462,1188],{"class":1256},[57,80464,101],{"class":93},[57,80466,40100],{"class":118},[57,80468,101],{"class":93},[57,80470,38101],{"class":97},[57,80472,107],{"class":93},[57,80474,4120],{"class":97},[57,80476,640],{"class":93},[20,80478,6912,80479,80481],{},[15,80480,25018],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[43,80483,11707],{"id":11706},[20,80485,80486],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[48,80488,80490],{"className":50,"code":80489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80491,80492,80512,80530,80534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80493,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80495,3853],{"class":63},[57,80497,68],{"class":67},[57,80499,1380],{"class":93},[57,80501,941],{"class":1023},[57,80503,107],{"class":93},[57,80505,8025],{"class":1023},[57,80507,107],{"class":93},[57,80509,8030],{"class":1023},[57,80511,288],{"class":93},[57,80513,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80515,2463],{"class":63},[57,80517,68],{"class":67},[57,80519,80246],{"class":118},[57,80521,101],{"class":93},[57,80523,3676],{"class":1256},[57,80525,107],{"class":93},[57,80527,4495],{"class":97},[57,80529,112],{"class":93},[57,80531,80532],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,80533,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80535,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,80537,119],{"class":118},[57,80539,101],{"class":93},[57,80541,1188],{"class":1256},[57,80543,101],{"class":93},[57,80545,2498],{"class":97},[57,80547,640],{"class":93},[20,80549,243],{},[48,80551,80553],{"className":50,"code":80552,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80554,80555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80556,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80558,258],{"class":93},[57,80560,261],{"class":71},[57,80562,941],{"class":75},[57,80564,261],{"class":71},[57,80566,107],{"class":93},[57,80568,271],{"class":71},[57,80570,15987],{"class":75},[57,80572,261],{"class":71},[57,80574,107],{"class":93},[57,80576,271],{"class":71},[57,80578,37082],{"class":75},[57,80580,261],{"class":71},[57,80582,288],{"class":93},[20,80584,11916],{},[30,80586,80587,80592,80600,80608,80616],{},[33,80588,80589,80591],{},[15,80590,3883],{}," contains integers",[33,80593,80594,80597,80598],{},[15,80595,80596],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80599,47920],{},[33,80601,80602,42395,80605],{},[15,80603,80604],{},"str(10)",[15,80606,80607],{},"'10'",[33,80609,80610,42395,80613],{},[15,80611,80612],{},"str(20)",[15,80614,80615],{},"'20'",[33,80617,80618,42395,80621],{},[15,80619,80620],{},"str(30)",[15,80622,80623],{},"'30'",[20,80625,53888,80626,80628,80629,80631],{},[15,80627,39957],{}," applies ",[15,80630,47920],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80633,80634,80635,80637,80638,94],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80636,25018],{}," better, see ",[293,80639,3809,80640,3742],{"href":65078},[15,80641,25018],{},[43,80643,425,80645,80647],{"id":80644},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80646,39957],{}," with your own function",[20,80649,15947,80650,80652],{},[15,80651,39957],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[48,80654,80656],{"className":50,"code":80655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80657,80658,80671,80681,80685,80709,80728,80732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80659,80660,80662,80665,80667,80669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80661,35089],{"class":1326},[57,80663,80664],{"class":35092}," double",[57,80666,101],{"class":93},[57,80668,2409],{"class":37903},[57,80670,8577],{"class":93},[57,80672,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80674,35100],{"class":4110},[57,80676,4114],{"class":63},[57,80678,40113],{"class":67},[57,80680,45825],{"class":1023},[57,80682,80683],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,80684,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,80688,3853],{"class":63},[57,80690,68],{"class":67},[57,80692,1380],{"class":93},[57,80694,3224],{"class":1023},[57,80696,107],{"class":93},[57,80698,1024],{"class":1023},[57,80700,107],{"class":93},[57,80702,2686],{"class":1023},[57,80704,107],{"class":93},[57,80706,2692],{"class":1023},[57,80708,288],{"class":93},[57,80710,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80722,80724,80726],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,80712,2463],{"class":63},[57,80714,68],{"class":67},[57,80716,80246],{"class":118},[57,80718,101],{"class":93},[57,80720,80721],{"class":97},"double",[57,80723,107],{"class":93},[57,80725,4495],{"class":97},[57,80727,112],{"class":93},[57,80729,80730],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,80731,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80733,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,80735,119],{"class":118},[57,80737,101],{"class":93},[57,80739,1188],{"class":1256},[57,80741,101],{"class":93},[57,80743,2498],{"class":97},[57,80745,640],{"class":93},[20,80747,243],{},[48,80749,80750],{"className":50,"code":40126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,80751,80752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80753,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80755,258],{"class":93},[57,80757,1931],{"class":1023},[57,80759,107],{"class":93},[57,80761,2692],{"class":1023},[57,80763,107],{"class":93},[57,80765,37884],{"class":1023},[57,80767,107],{"class":93},[57,80769,6594],{"class":1023},[57,80771,288],{"class":93},[20,80773,65815],{},[30,80775,80776,80783,80789],{},[33,80777,80778,80780,80781],{},[15,80779,39957],{}," takes the function ",[15,80782,80721],{},[33,80784,80785,80786,80788],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80787,3883],{}," into that function",[33,80790,80791],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80793,80794],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80796,80797,80804,80811,80819],{},[33,80798,80799,6306,80802],{},[15,80800,80801],{},"double(1)",[15,80803,1931],{},[33,80805,80806,6306,80809],{},[15,80807,80808],{},"double(2)",[15,80810,2740],{},[33,80812,80813,6306,80816],{},[15,80814,80815],{},"double(3)",[15,80817,80818],{},"6",[33,80820,80821,6306,80824],{},[15,80822,80823],{},"double(4)",[15,80825,2579],{},[43,80827,425,80829,80831],{"id":80828},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80830,39957],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80833,80834,80836],{},[15,80835,39957],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80838,80839],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80841,179],{},[48,80843,80845],{"className":50,"code":80844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80846,80847,80864,80874,80878,80899,80920,80924,80949,80953],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80848,80849,80851,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80850,35089],{"class":1326},[57,80852,80853],{"class":35092}," add_numbers",[57,80855,101],{"class":93},[57,80857,293],{"class":37903},[57,80859,107],{"class":93},[57,80861,2795],{"class":37903},[57,80863,8577],{"class":93},[57,80865,80866,80868,80870,80872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,80867,35100],{"class":4110},[57,80869,44780],{"class":63},[57,80871,2296],{"class":67},[57,80873,36422],{"class":63},[57,80875,80876],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,80877,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80879,80880,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,80881,80882],{"class":63},"list1 ",[57,80884,68],{"class":67},[57,80886,1380],{"class":93},[57,80888,3224],{"class":1023},[57,80890,107],{"class":93},[57,80892,1024],{"class":1023},[57,80894,107],{"class":93},[57,80896,2686],{"class":1023},[57,80898,288],{"class":93},[57,80900,80901,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,80902,80903],{"class":63},"list2 ",[57,80905,68],{"class":67},[57,80907,1380],{"class":93},[57,80909,941],{"class":1023},[57,80911,107],{"class":93},[57,80913,8025],{"class":1023},[57,80915,107],{"class":93},[57,80917,8030],{"class":1023},[57,80919,288],{"class":93},[57,80921,80922],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,80923,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80925,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80937,80939,80942,80944,80947],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,80927,2463],{"class":63},[57,80929,68],{"class":67},[57,80931,80246],{"class":118},[57,80933,101],{"class":93},[57,80935,80936],{"class":97},"add_numbers",[57,80938,107],{"class":93},[57,80940,80941],{"class":97}," list1",[57,80943,107],{"class":93},[57,80945,80946],{"class":97}," list2",[57,80948,112],{"class":93},[57,80950,80951],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,80952,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,80954,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,80956,119],{"class":118},[57,80958,101],{"class":93},[57,80960,1188],{"class":1256},[57,80962,101],{"class":93},[57,80964,2498],{"class":97},[57,80966,640],{"class":93},[20,80968,243],{},[48,80970,80972],{"className":50,"code":80971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80973,80974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80975,80976,80978,80981,80983,80986,80988,80991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80977,258],{"class":93},[57,80979,80980],{"class":1023},"11",[57,80982,107],{"class":93},[57,80984,80985],{"class":1023}," 22",[57,80987,107],{"class":93},[57,80989,80990],{"class":1023}," 33",[57,80992,288],{"class":93},[20,80994,1081],{},[30,80996,80997,81003,81009],{},[33,80998,80999,81000],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81001,81002],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,81004,81005,81006],{},"then ",[15,81007,81008],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,81010,81005,81011],{},[15,81012,81013],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[572,81015,81017,81019],{"id":81016},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81018,39957],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81021,81022,81023,81025],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81024,39957],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[48,81027,81029],{"className":50,"code":81028,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81030,81031,81047,81057,81061,81085,81101,81105,81127,81131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81032,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81034,35089],{"class":1326},[57,81036,80853],{"class":35092},[57,81038,101],{"class":93},[57,81040,293],{"class":37903},[57,81042,107],{"class":93},[57,81044,2795],{"class":37903},[57,81046,8577],{"class":93},[57,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81050,35100],{"class":4110},[57,81052,44780],{"class":63},[57,81054,2296],{"class":67},[57,81056,36422],{"class":63},[57,81058,81059],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81060,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81062,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81064,80882],{"class":63},[57,81066,68],{"class":67},[57,81068,1380],{"class":93},[57,81070,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81072,107],{"class":93},[57,81074,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81076,107],{"class":93},[57,81078,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81080,107],{"class":93},[57,81082,2692],{"class":1023},[57,81084,288],{"class":93},[57,81086,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,81088,80903],{"class":63},[57,81090,68],{"class":67},[57,81092,1380],{"class":93},[57,81094,941],{"class":1023},[57,81096,107],{"class":93},[57,81098,8025],{"class":1023},[57,81100,288],{"class":93},[57,81102,81103],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,81104,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81106,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,81108,2463],{"class":63},[57,81110,68],{"class":67},[57,81112,80246],{"class":118},[57,81114,101],{"class":93},[57,81116,80936],{"class":97},[57,81118,107],{"class":93},[57,81120,80941],{"class":97},[57,81122,107],{"class":93},[57,81124,80946],{"class":97},[57,81126,112],{"class":93},[57,81128,81129],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,81130,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81132,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,81134,119],{"class":118},[57,81136,101],{"class":93},[57,81138,1188],{"class":1256},[57,81140,101],{"class":93},[57,81142,2498],{"class":97},[57,81144,640],{"class":93},[20,81146,243],{},[48,81148,81150],{"className":50,"code":81149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81151,81152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81153,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81155,258],{"class":93},[57,81157,80980],{"class":1023},[57,81159,107],{"class":93},[57,81161,80985],{"class":1023},[57,81163,288],{"class":93},[20,81165,81166,81167,81170],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81168,81169],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[43,81172,81174,81176],{"id":81173},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81175,39957],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81178,38264,81179,81181],{},[15,81180,39957],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81183,81184,81185,81188],{},"This object is ",[153,81186,81187],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[572,81190,2724,81192,81194],{"id":81191},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81193,33267],{}," looks strange",[20,81196,33883],{},[48,81198,81200],{"className":50,"code":81199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81201,81202,81222,81240,81244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81203,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81205,3853],{"class":63},[57,81207,68],{"class":67},[57,81209,1380],{"class":93},[57,81211,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81213,107],{"class":93},[57,81215,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81217,107],{"class":93},[57,81219,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81221,288],{"class":93},[57,81223,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81225,2463],{"class":63},[57,81227,68],{"class":67},[57,81229,80246],{"class":118},[57,81231,101],{"class":93},[57,81233,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81235,107],{"class":93},[57,81237,4495],{"class":97},[57,81239,112],{"class":93},[57,81241,81242],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81243,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81247,119],{"class":118},[57,81249,101],{"class":93},[57,81251,2498],{"class":97},[57,81253,112],{"class":93},[20,81255,81256],{},"Output will look something like this:",[48,81258,81260],{"className":50,"code":81259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81261,81262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81265,1323],{"class":67},[57,81267,40100],{"class":118},[57,81269,24854],{"class":1256},[57,81271,37604],{"class":63},[57,81273,37608],{"class":37607},[57,81275,37611],{"class":472},[57,81277,1336],{"class":67},[20,81279,81280],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81282,81283],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[48,81285,81287],{"className":50,"code":81286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81288,81289,81309,81327,81331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81290,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81292,3853],{"class":63},[57,81294,68],{"class":67},[57,81296,1380],{"class":93},[57,81298,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81300,107],{"class":93},[57,81302,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81304,107],{"class":93},[57,81306,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81308,288],{"class":93},[57,81310,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81312,2463],{"class":63},[57,81314,68],{"class":67},[57,81316,80246],{"class":118},[57,81318,101],{"class":93},[57,81320,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81322,107],{"class":93},[57,81324,4495],{"class":97},[57,81326,112],{"class":93},[57,81328,81329],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81330,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81332,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81334,119],{"class":118},[57,81336,101],{"class":93},[57,81338,1188],{"class":1256},[57,81340,101],{"class":93},[57,81342,2498],{"class":97},[57,81344,640],{"class":93},[20,81346,243],{},[48,81348,81350],{"className":50,"code":81349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81351,81352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81353,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81355,258],{"class":93},[57,81357,261],{"class":71},[57,81359,3224],{"class":75},[57,81361,261],{"class":71},[57,81363,107],{"class":93},[57,81365,271],{"class":71},[57,81367,1931],{"class":75},[57,81369,261],{"class":71},[57,81371,107],{"class":93},[57,81373,271],{"class":71},[57,81375,2299],{"class":75},[57,81377,261],{"class":71},[57,81379,288],{"class":93},[572,81381,81383],{"id":81382},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[48,81385,81387],{"className":50,"code":81386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81388,81389,81409,81427,81431,81444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81390,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81392,3853],{"class":63},[57,81394,68],{"class":67},[57,81396,1380],{"class":93},[57,81398,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81400,107],{"class":93},[57,81402,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81404,107],{"class":93},[57,81406,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81408,288],{"class":93},[57,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81412,2463],{"class":63},[57,81414,68],{"class":67},[57,81416,80246],{"class":118},[57,81418,101],{"class":93},[57,81420,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81422,107],{"class":93},[57,81424,4495],{"class":97},[57,81426,112],{"class":93},[57,81428,81429],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81430,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81432,81433,81435,81437,81439,81442],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81434,6191],{"class":4110},[57,81436,6194],{"class":63},[57,81438,4117],{"class":4110},[57,81440,81441],{"class":63}," result",[57,81443,6628],{"class":93},[57,81445,81446,81448,81450,81452],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,81447,8304],{"class":118},[57,81449,101],{"class":93},[57,81451,23547],{"class":97},[57,81453,112],{"class":93},[20,81455,243],{},[48,81457,81459],{"className":50,"code":81458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81460,81461,81465,81469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81462,81463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81464,47153],{"class":1023},[57,81466,81467],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81468,17290],{"class":1023},[57,81470,81471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81472,46853],{"class":1023},[572,81474,81476],{"id":81475},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81478,81479],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[48,81481,81483],{"className":50,"code":81482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81484,81485,81505,81523,81527,81541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81486,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81488,3853],{"class":63},[57,81490,68],{"class":67},[57,81492,1380],{"class":93},[57,81494,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81496,107],{"class":93},[57,81498,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81500,107],{"class":93},[57,81502,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81504,288],{"class":93},[57,81506,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81508,2463],{"class":63},[57,81510,68],{"class":67},[57,81512,80246],{"class":118},[57,81514,101],{"class":93},[57,81516,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81518,107],{"class":93},[57,81520,4495],{"class":97},[57,81522,112],{"class":93},[57,81524,81525],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81526,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81530,119],{"class":118},[57,81532,101],{"class":93},[57,81534,1188],{"class":1256},[57,81536,101],{"class":93},[57,81538,2498],{"class":97},[57,81540,640],{"class":93},[57,81542,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,81544,119],{"class":118},[57,81546,101],{"class":93},[57,81548,1188],{"class":1256},[57,81550,101],{"class":93},[57,81552,2498],{"class":97},[57,81554,640],{"class":93},[20,81556,243],{},[48,81558,81560],{"className":50,"code":81559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81561,81562,81590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81563,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81565,258],{"class":93},[57,81567,261],{"class":71},[57,81569,3224],{"class":75},[57,81571,261],{"class":71},[57,81573,107],{"class":93},[57,81575,271],{"class":71},[57,81577,1931],{"class":75},[57,81579,261],{"class":71},[57,81581,107],{"class":93},[57,81583,271],{"class":71},[57,81585,2299],{"class":75},[57,81587,261],{"class":71},[57,81589,288],{"class":93},[57,81591,81592],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81593,1506],{"class":93},[20,81595,81596],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81598,81599],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[48,81601,81603],{"className":50,"code":81602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81604,81605,81625,81647,81651,81661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81606,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81608,3853],{"class":63},[57,81610,68],{"class":67},[57,81612,1380],{"class":93},[57,81614,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81616,107],{"class":93},[57,81618,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81620,107],{"class":93},[57,81622,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81624,288],{"class":93},[57,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81628,2463],{"class":63},[57,81630,68],{"class":67},[57,81632,22796],{"class":1256},[57,81634,101],{"class":93},[57,81636,40100],{"class":118},[57,81638,101],{"class":93},[57,81640,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81642,107],{"class":93},[57,81644,4495],{"class":97},[57,81646,640],{"class":93},[57,81648,81649],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81650,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81652,81653,81655,81657,81659],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81654,119],{"class":118},[57,81656,101],{"class":93},[57,81658,2498],{"class":97},[57,81660,112],{"class":93},[57,81662,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,81664,119],{"class":118},[57,81666,101],{"class":93},[57,81668,2498],{"class":97},[57,81670,112],{"class":93},[20,81672,243],{},[48,81674,81676],{"className":50,"code":81675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81677,81678,81706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81681,258],{"class":93},[57,81683,261],{"class":71},[57,81685,3224],{"class":75},[57,81687,261],{"class":71},[57,81689,107],{"class":93},[57,81691,271],{"class":71},[57,81693,1931],{"class":75},[57,81695,261],{"class":71},[57,81697,107],{"class":93},[57,81699,271],{"class":71},[57,81701,2299],{"class":75},[57,81703,261],{"class":71},[57,81705,288],{"class":93},[57,81707,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81709,258],{"class":93},[57,81711,261],{"class":71},[57,81713,3224],{"class":75},[57,81715,261],{"class":71},[57,81717,107],{"class":93},[57,81719,271],{"class":71},[57,81721,1931],{"class":75},[57,81723,261],{"class":71},[57,81725,107],{"class":93},[57,81727,271],{"class":71},[57,81729,2299],{"class":75},[57,81731,261],{"class":71},[57,81733,288],{"class":93},[43,81735,1637,81737],{"id":81736},"when-to-use-map",[15,81738,39957],{},[20,81740,81741,81743],{},[15,81742,39957],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81745,81746],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81748,81749,81753,81757],{},[33,81750,81751],{},[15,81752,3676],{},[33,81754,81755],{},[15,81756,2423],{},[33,81758,81759],{},[15,81760,2255],{},[20,81762,179],{},[48,81764,81766],{"className":50,"code":81765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81767,81768,81800,81822,81826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81769,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81771,4057],{"class":63},[57,81773,68],{"class":67},[57,81775,1380],{"class":93},[57,81777,261],{"class":71},[57,81779,3224],{"class":75},[57,81781,261],{"class":71},[57,81783,107],{"class":93},[57,81785,271],{"class":71},[57,81787,1931],{"class":75},[57,81789,261],{"class":71},[57,81791,107],{"class":93},[57,81793,271],{"class":71},[57,81795,2299],{"class":75},[57,81797,261],{"class":71},[57,81799,288],{"class":93},[57,81801,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81803,3853],{"class":63},[57,81805,68],{"class":67},[57,81807,22796],{"class":1256},[57,81809,101],{"class":93},[57,81811,40100],{"class":118},[57,81813,101],{"class":93},[57,81815,2423],{"class":1256},[57,81817,107],{"class":93},[57,81819,4120],{"class":97},[57,81821,640],{"class":93},[57,81823,81824],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81825,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,81827,81828,81830,81832,81834],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,81829,119],{"class":118},[57,81831,101],{"class":93},[57,81833,3883],{"class":97},[57,81835,112],{"class":93},[20,81837,243],{},[48,81839,81840],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81841,81842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81843,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81845,258],{"class":93},[57,81847,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81849,107],{"class":93},[57,81851,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81853,107],{"class":93},[57,81855,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81857,288],{"class":93},[20,81859,81860],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81862,81863],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[48,81865,81867],{"className":50,"code":81866,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81868,81869,81889,81911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81872,3853],{"class":63},[57,81874,68],{"class":67},[57,81876,1380],{"class":93},[57,81878,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81880,107],{"class":93},[57,81882,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81884,107],{"class":93},[57,81886,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81888,288],{"class":93},[57,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81892,2463],{"class":63},[57,81894,68],{"class":67},[57,81896,22796],{"class":1256},[57,81898,101],{"class":93},[57,81900,40100],{"class":118},[57,81902,101],{"class":93},[57,81904,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81906,107],{"class":93},[57,81908,4495],{"class":97},[57,81910,640],{"class":93},[57,81912,81913,81915,81917,81919],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81914,119],{"class":118},[57,81916,101],{"class":93},[57,81918,2498],{"class":97},[57,81920,112],{"class":93},[48,81922,81924],{"className":50,"code":81923,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81925,81926,81946,81973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81927,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81929,3853],{"class":63},[57,81931,68],{"class":67},[57,81933,1380],{"class":93},[57,81935,3224],{"class":1023},[57,81937,107],{"class":93},[57,81939,1024],{"class":1023},[57,81941,107],{"class":93},[57,81943,2686],{"class":1023},[57,81945,288],{"class":93},[57,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81967,81969,81971],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,81949,2463],{"class":63},[57,81951,68],{"class":67},[57,81953,1380],{"class":93},[57,81955,3676],{"class":1256},[57,81957,101],{"class":93},[57,81959,76257],{"class":97},[57,81961,3896],{"class":93},[57,81963,4111],{"class":4110},[57,81965,81966],{"class":63}," n ",[57,81968,4117],{"class":4110},[57,81970,4495],{"class":63},[57,81972,288],{"class":93},[57,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,81976,119],{"class":118},[57,81978,101],{"class":93},[57,81980,2498],{"class":97},[57,81982,112],{"class":93},[20,81984,81985],{},"Both produce:",[48,81987,81988],{"className":50,"code":81349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81989,81990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81991,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81993,258],{"class":93},[57,81995,261],{"class":71},[57,81997,3224],{"class":75},[57,81999,261],{"class":71},[57,82001,107],{"class":93},[57,82003,271],{"class":71},[57,82005,1931],{"class":75},[57,82007,261],{"class":71},[57,82009,107],{"class":93},[57,82011,271],{"class":71},[57,82013,2299],{"class":75},[57,82015,261],{"class":71},[57,82017,288],{"class":93},[20,82019,82020],{},"A simple rule:",[30,82022,82023,82028,82033],{},[33,82024,40230,82025,82027],{},[15,82026,39957],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,82029,40236,82030,82032],{},[15,82031,6191],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,82034,82035],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82037,82038,82039,94],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[293,82040,4625],{"href":4624},[43,82042,4751],{"id":4750},[572,82044,82046,82047],{"id":82045},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82048,25018],{},[20,82050,82051],{},"This is very common:",[48,82053,82054],{"className":50,"code":81199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82055,82056,82076,82094,82098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82059,3853],{"class":63},[57,82061,68],{"class":67},[57,82063,1380],{"class":93},[57,82065,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82067,107],{"class":93},[57,82069,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82071,107],{"class":93},[57,82073,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82075,288],{"class":93},[57,82077,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82079,2463],{"class":63},[57,82081,68],{"class":67},[57,82083,80246],{"class":118},[57,82085,101],{"class":93},[57,82087,3676],{"class":1256},[57,82089,107],{"class":93},[57,82091,4495],{"class":97},[57,82093,112],{"class":93},[57,82095,82096],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82097,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82099,82100,82102,82104,82106],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82101,119],{"class":118},[57,82103,101],{"class":93},[57,82105,2498],{"class":97},[57,82107,112],{"class":93},[20,82109,82110],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82112,39502],{},[48,82114,82116],{"className":50,"code":82115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82117,82118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82119,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82121,119],{"class":118},[57,82123,101],{"class":93},[57,82125,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82127,101],{"class":93},[57,82129,2498],{"class":97},[57,82131,640],{"class":93},[572,82133,82135],{"id":82134},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82137,16877],{},[48,82139,82141],{"className":50,"code":82140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82142,82143,82163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82144,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82146,3853],{"class":63},[57,82148,68],{"class":67},[57,82150,1380],{"class":93},[57,82152,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82154,107],{"class":93},[57,82156,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82158,107],{"class":93},[57,82160,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82162,288],{"class":93},[57,82164,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82178,82180],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82166,2463],{"class":63},[57,82168,68],{"class":67},[57,82170,80246],{"class":118},[57,82172,101],{"class":93},[57,82174,3676],{"class":1256},[57,82176,82177],{"class":93},"(),",[57,82179,4495],{"class":97},[57,82181,112],{"class":93},[20,82183,82184,82185,82187,82188,82190],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82186,47920],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82189,39957],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82192,16889],{},[48,82194,82195],{"className":50,"code":81286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82196,82197,82217,82235,82239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82198,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82200,3853],{"class":63},[57,82202,68],{"class":67},[57,82204,1380],{"class":93},[57,82206,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82208,107],{"class":93},[57,82210,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82212,107],{"class":93},[57,82214,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82216,288],{"class":93},[57,82218,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82220,2463],{"class":63},[57,82222,68],{"class":67},[57,82224,80246],{"class":118},[57,82226,101],{"class":93},[57,82228,3676],{"class":1256},[57,82230,107],{"class":93},[57,82232,4495],{"class":97},[57,82234,112],{"class":93},[57,82236,82237],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82238,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82242,119],{"class":118},[57,82244,101],{"class":93},[57,82246,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82248,101],{"class":93},[57,82250,2498],{"class":97},[57,82252,640],{"class":93},[572,82254,82256],{"id":82255},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82258,82259],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82261,16877],{},[48,82263,82265],{"className":50,"code":82264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82266,82267,82284,82294,82298,82318,82337,82341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82268,82269,82271,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82270,35089],{"class":1326},[57,82272,82273],{"class":35092}," add",[57,82275,101],{"class":93},[57,82277,293],{"class":37903},[57,82279,107],{"class":93},[57,82281,2795],{"class":37903},[57,82283,8577],{"class":93},[57,82285,82286,82288,82290,82292],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82287,35100],{"class":4110},[57,82289,44780],{"class":63},[57,82291,2296],{"class":67},[57,82293,36422],{"class":63},[57,82295,82296],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82297,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82299,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82301,3853],{"class":63},[57,82303,68],{"class":67},[57,82305,1380],{"class":93},[57,82307,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82309,107],{"class":93},[57,82311,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82313,107],{"class":93},[57,82315,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82317,288],{"class":93},[57,82319,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82331,82333,82335],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,82321,2463],{"class":63},[57,82323,68],{"class":67},[57,82325,80246],{"class":118},[57,82327,101],{"class":93},[57,82329,82330],{"class":97},"add",[57,82332,107],{"class":93},[57,82334,4495],{"class":97},[57,82336,112],{"class":93},[57,82338,82339],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,82340,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82342,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,82344,119],{"class":118},[57,82346,101],{"class":93},[57,82348,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82350,101],{"class":93},[57,82352,2498],{"class":97},[57,82354,640],{"class":93},[20,82356,16889],{},[48,82358,82360],{"className":50,"code":82359,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82361,82362,82378,82388,82392,82412,82432,82454,82458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82363,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82365,35089],{"class":1326},[57,82367,82273],{"class":35092},[57,82369,101],{"class":93},[57,82371,293],{"class":37903},[57,82373,107],{"class":93},[57,82375,2795],{"class":37903},[57,82377,8577],{"class":93},[57,82379,82380,82382,82384,82386],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82381,35100],{"class":4110},[57,82383,44780],{"class":63},[57,82385,2296],{"class":67},[57,82387,36422],{"class":63},[57,82389,82390],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82391,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82393,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82395,80882],{"class":63},[57,82397,68],{"class":67},[57,82399,1380],{"class":93},[57,82401,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82403,107],{"class":93},[57,82405,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82407,107],{"class":93},[57,82409,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82411,288],{"class":93},[57,82413,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,82415,80903],{"class":63},[57,82417,68],{"class":67},[57,82419,1380],{"class":93},[57,82421,941],{"class":1023},[57,82423,107],{"class":93},[57,82425,8025],{"class":1023},[57,82427,107],{"class":93},[57,82429,8030],{"class":1023},[57,82431,288],{"class":93},[57,82433,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,82435,2463],{"class":63},[57,82437,68],{"class":67},[57,82439,80246],{"class":118},[57,82441,101],{"class":93},[57,82443,82330],{"class":97},[57,82445,107],{"class":93},[57,82447,80941],{"class":97},[57,82449,107],{"class":93},[57,82451,80946],{"class":97},[57,82453,112],{"class":93},[57,82455,82456],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,82457,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82459,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,82461,119],{"class":118},[57,82463,101],{"class":93},[57,82465,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82467,101],{"class":93},[57,82469,2498],{"class":97},[57,82471,640],{"class":93},[572,82473,82475],{"id":82474},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82477,16877],{},[48,82479,82480],{"className":50,"code":81482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82481,82482,82502,82520,82524,82538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82483,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82485,3853],{"class":63},[57,82487,68],{"class":67},[57,82489,1380],{"class":93},[57,82491,3224],{"class":1023},[57,82493,107],{"class":93},[57,82495,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82497,107],{"class":93},[57,82499,2686],{"class":1023},[57,82501,288],{"class":93},[57,82503,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82505,2463],{"class":63},[57,82507,68],{"class":67},[57,82509,80246],{"class":118},[57,82511,101],{"class":93},[57,82513,3676],{"class":1256},[57,82515,107],{"class":93},[57,82517,4495],{"class":97},[57,82519,112],{"class":93},[57,82521,82522],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82523,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82525,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82527,119],{"class":118},[57,82529,101],{"class":93},[57,82531,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82533,101],{"class":93},[57,82535,2498],{"class":97},[57,82537,640],{"class":93},[57,82539,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,82541,119],{"class":118},[57,82543,101],{"class":93},[57,82545,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82547,101],{"class":93},[57,82549,2498],{"class":97},[57,82551,640],{"class":93},[20,82553,82554],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82556,82557],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[43,82559,68126],{"id":68125},[20,82561,345,82562,82564],{},[15,82563,39957],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,82566,82568],{"className":50,"code":82567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82569,82570,82580,82594,82608,82620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82571,82572,82574,82576,82578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82573,119],{"class":118},[57,82575,101],{"class":93},[57,82577,2498],{"class":97},[57,82579,112],{"class":93},[57,82581,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82583,119],{"class":118},[57,82585,101],{"class":93},[57,82587,1188],{"class":1256},[57,82589,101],{"class":93},[57,82591,2498],{"class":97},[57,82593,640],{"class":93},[57,82595,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82597,119],{"class":118},[57,82599,101],{"class":93},[57,82601,1257],{"class":1256},[57,82603,101],{"class":93},[57,82605,2498],{"class":97},[57,82607,640],{"class":93},[57,82609,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82611,6191],{"class":4110},[57,82613,6194],{"class":63},[57,82615,4117],{"class":4110},[57,82617,81441],{"class":63},[57,82619,6628],{"class":93},[57,82621,82622,82624,82626,82628],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,82623,8304],{"class":118},[57,82625,101],{"class":93},[57,82627,23547],{"class":97},[57,82629,112],{"class":93},[20,82631,12904],{},[30,82633,82634,82639,82644,82650],{},[33,82635,82636,82638],{},[15,82637,33267],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82640,82641,82643],{},[15,82642,33275],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82645,82646,82649],{},[15,82647,82648],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82651,82652,82653,82655],{},"looping over ",[15,82654,2498],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82657,82658,82659,82662,82663,82665],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82660,82661],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82664,6191],{}," loop consume the map object.",[43,82667,2075],{"id":2074},[572,82669,2099,82671,82673],{"id":82670},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82672,39957],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82675,82676,82677,82679,82680,24175],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82678,39957],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82681,82682],{},"list(map(...))",[572,82684,15135,82686,82688,82689,82691],{"id":82685},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82687,39957],{}," better than a ",[15,82690,6191],{}," loop?",[20,82693,82694,82695,82697,82698,82700],{},"Not always. ",[15,82696,39957],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82699,6191],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[572,82702,5402,82704,82706],{"id":82703},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82705,39957],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82708,82709],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[572,82711,82713],{"id":82712},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82715,82716],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[43,82718,2132],{"id":2131},[30,82720,82721,82727,82733,82737,82741],{},[33,82722,82723],{},[293,82724,3809,82725,3742],{"href":40325},[15,82726,37816],{},[33,82728,82729],{},[293,82730,3809,82731,3742],{"href":65078},[15,82732,25018],{},[33,82734,82735],{},[293,82736,5453],{"href":5364},[33,82738,82739],{},[293,82740,5458],{"href":4624},[33,82742,82743],{},[293,82744,5448],{"href":5368},[2161,82746,82747],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":82749},[82750,82751,82753,82754,82755,82757,82762,82769,82771,82778,82779,82788],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":80325,"depth":82,"text":82752},"What map() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":80644,"depth":82,"text":82756},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80828,"depth":82,"text":82758,"children":82759},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82760],{"id":81016,"depth":115,"text":82761},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81173,"depth":82,"text":82763,"children":82764},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82765,82767,82768],{"id":81191,"depth":115,"text":82766},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81382,"depth":115,"text":81383},{"id":81475,"depth":115,"text":81476},{"id":81736,"depth":82,"text":82770},"When to use map()",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":82772},[82773,82775,82776,82777],{"id":82045,"depth":115,"text":82774},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82134,"depth":115,"text":82135},{"id":82255,"depth":115,"text":82256},{"id":82474,"depth":115,"text":82475},{"id":68125,"depth":82,"text":68126},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":82780},[82781,82783,82785,82787],{"id":82670,"depth":115,"text":82782},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82685,"depth":115,"text":82784},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82703,"depth":115,"text":82786},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82712,"depth":115,"text":82713},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80157,"description":82789},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82796,"title":82797,"body":82798,"description":84817,"extension":2201,"meta":84818,"navigation":217,"path":84819,"seo":84820,"stem":84821,"__hash__":84822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82799,"toc":84775},[82800,82806,82811,82814,82822,82825,82827,82951,82953,82971,82973,82993,82998,83002,83016,83019,83022,83024,83029,83141,83144,83162,83168,83171,83233,83235,83244,83247,83261,83263,83311,83313,83322,83332,83338,83341,83368,83370,83378,83381,83384,83454,83456,83464,83467,83472,83477,83528,83530,83538,83541,83543,83560,83562,83614,83617,83623,83627,83632,83635,83639,83698,83700,83709,83715,83724,83728,83791,83793,83801,83806,83810,83815,83895,83897,83906,83913,83918,83923,83926,83961,83963,83971,83974,83980,83982,84032,84034,84043,84046,84064,84066,84071,84077,84084,84111,84113,84136,84141,84176,84181,84187,84192,84235,84238,84241,84280,84287,84293,84298,84313,84317,84324,84327,84331,84336,84340,84345,84347,84408,84410,84439,84444,84451,84460,84462,84464,84489,84491,84594,84597,84615,84624,84626,84631,84634,84640,84643,84645,84655,84661,84665,84723,84730,84738,84740,84772],[10,82801,3809,82803,3813],{"id":82802},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82804,82805],{},"max()",[20,82807,9358,82808,82810],{},[15,82809,82805],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82812,82813],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82815,82816,82819],{},[33,82817,82818],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82820,82821],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82823,82824],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[43,82826,46],{"id":45},[48,82828,82830],{"className":50,"code":82829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82831,82832,82856,82871,82875,82901,82905,82937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82833,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82835,3853],{"class":63},[57,82837,68],{"class":67},[57,82839,1380],{"class":93},[57,82841,2299],{"class":1023},[57,82843,107],{"class":93},[57,82845,6594],{"class":1023},[57,82847,107],{"class":93},[57,82849,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82851,107],{"class":93},[57,82853,4838],{"class":1023},[57,82855,288],{"class":93},[57,82857,82858,82860,82862,82865,82867,82869],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82859,119],{"class":118},[57,82861,101],{"class":93},[57,82863,82864],{"class":118},"max",[57,82866,101],{"class":93},[57,82868,3883],{"class":97},[57,82870,640],{"class":93},[57,82872,82873],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82874,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82876,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897,82899],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,82878,119],{"class":118},[57,82880,101],{"class":93},[57,82882,82864],{"class":118},[57,82884,101],{"class":93},[57,82886,2299],{"class":1023},[57,82888,107],{"class":93},[57,82890,6594],{"class":1023},[57,82892,107],{"class":93},[57,82894,1024],{"class":1023},[57,82896,107],{"class":93},[57,82898,4838],{"class":1023},[57,82900,640],{"class":93},[57,82902,82903],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,82904,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,82906,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919,82921,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,82908,4304],{"class":63},[57,82910,68],{"class":67},[57,82912,1380],{"class":93},[57,82914,104],{"class":71},[57,82916,836],{"class":75},[57,82918,104],{"class":71},[57,82920,107],{"class":93},[57,82922,72],{"class":71},[57,82924,845],{"class":75},[57,82926,104],{"class":71},[57,82928,107],{"class":93},[57,82930,72],{"class":71},[57,82932,78969],{"class":75},[57,82934,104],{"class":71},[57,82936,288],{"class":93},[57,82938,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,82940,119],{"class":118},[57,82942,101],{"class":93},[57,82944,82864],{"class":118},[57,82946,101],{"class":93},[57,82948,4345],{"class":97},[57,82950,640],{"class":93},[20,82952,243],{},[48,82954,82956],{"className":50,"code":82955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82957,82958,82962,82966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82959,82960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82961,2615],{"class":1023},[57,82963,82964],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,82965,2615],{"class":1023},[57,82967,82968],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,82969,82970],{"class":63},"pear\n",[20,82972,20192],{},[30,82974,82975,82981,82987],{},[33,82976,82977,82980],{},[15,82978,82979],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82982,82983,82986],{},[15,82984,82985],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82988,82989,82992],{},[15,82990,82991],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[43,82994,143,82996,146],{"id":82995},"what-max-does",[15,82997,82805],{},[20,82999,83000,1016],{},[15,83001,82805],{},[30,83003,83004,83007,83010,83013],{},[33,83005,83006],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,83008,83009],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,83011,83012],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,83014,83015],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83017,83018],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83020,83021],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[43,83023,300],{"id":299},[20,83025,83026,83027,1016],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83028,82805],{},[48,83030,83032],{"className":50,"code":83031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83033,83034,83044,83068,83090,83113],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83035,83036,83038,83040,83042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83037,82864],{"class":118},[57,83039,101],{"class":93},[57,83041,3955],{"class":97},[57,83043,112],{"class":93},[57,83045,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83057,83059,83061,83063,83066],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83047,82864],{"class":118},[57,83049,101],{"class":93},[57,83051,3955],{"class":97},[57,83053,107],{"class":93},[57,83055,83056],{"class":67}," *",[57,83058,107],{"class":93},[57,83060,21815],{"class":9411},[57,83062,68],{"class":67},[57,83064,83065],{"class":97},"func",[57,83067,112],{"class":93},[57,83069,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,83071,82864],{"class":118},[57,83073,101],{"class":93},[57,83075,3955],{"class":97},[57,83077,107],{"class":93},[57,83079,83056],{"class":67},[57,83081,107],{"class":93},[57,83083,26761],{"class":9411},[57,83085,68],{"class":67},[57,83087,2708],{"class":97},[57,83089,112],{"class":93},[57,83091,83092,83094,83096,83099,83101,83104,83106,83108,83111],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,83093,82864],{"class":118},[57,83095,101],{"class":93},[57,83097,83098],{"class":97},"arg1",[57,83100,107],{"class":93},[57,83102,83103],{"class":97}," arg2",[57,83105,107],{"class":93},[57,83107,83056],{"class":67},[57,83109,83110],{"class":97},"args",[57,83112,112],{"class":93},[57,83114,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,83116,82864],{"class":118},[57,83118,101],{"class":93},[57,83120,83098],{"class":97},[57,83122,107],{"class":93},[57,83124,83103],{"class":97},[57,83126,107],{"class":93},[57,83128,83056],{"class":67},[57,83130,83110],{"class":97},[57,83132,107],{"class":93},[57,83134,21815],{"class":9411},[57,83136,68],{"class":67},[57,83138,83065],{"class":97},[57,83140,112],{"class":93},[20,83142,83143],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,83145,83146,83151,83156],{},[33,83147,83148,83150],{},[15,83149,3955],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,83152,83153,83155],{},[15,83154,15073],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,83157,83158,83161],{},[15,83159,83160],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[43,83163,425,83165,83167],{"id":83164},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83166,82805],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83169,83170],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[48,83172,83174],{"className":50,"code":83173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83175,83176,83202,83218,83222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83177,83178,83180,83182,83184,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83179,5296],{"class":63},[57,83181,68],{"class":67},[57,83183,1380],{"class":93},[57,83185,83186],{"class":1023},"72",[57,83188,107],{"class":93},[57,83190,51745],{"class":1023},[57,83192,107],{"class":93},[57,83194,13738],{"class":1023},[57,83196,107],{"class":93},[57,83198,83199],{"class":1023}," 66",[57,83201,288],{"class":93},[57,83203,83204,83207,83209,83212,83214,83216],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83205,83206],{"class":63},"highest_score ",[57,83208,68],{"class":67},[57,83210,83211],{"class":118}," max",[57,83213,101],{"class":93},[57,83215,16622],{"class":97},[57,83217,112],{"class":93},[57,83219,83220],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,83221,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,83223,83224,83226,83228,83231],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,83225,119],{"class":118},[57,83227,101],{"class":93},[57,83229,83230],{"class":97},"highest_score",[57,83232,112],{"class":93},[20,83234,243],{},[48,83236,83238],{"className":50,"code":83237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"91\n",[15,83239,83240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83241,83242],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83243,83237],{"class":1023},[20,83245,83246],{},"This works well for:",[30,83248,83249,83252,83255,83258],{},[33,83250,83251],{},"Scores",[33,83253,83254],{},"Prices",[33,83256,83257],{},"Ages",[33,83259,83260],{},"Counts",[20,83262,1102],{},[48,83264,83266],{"className":50,"code":83265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83267,83268,83296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83269,83270,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83284,83286,83289,83291,83294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83271,83272],{"class":63},"prices ",[57,83274,68],{"class":67},[57,83276,1380],{"class":93},[57,83278,40638],{"class":1023},[57,83280,107],{"class":93},[57,83282,83283],{"class":1023}," 5.50",[57,83285,107],{"class":93},[57,83287,83288],{"class":1023}," 12.75",[57,83290,107],{"class":93},[57,83292,83293],{"class":1023}," 29.00",[57,83295,288],{"class":93},[57,83297,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83309],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83299,119],{"class":118},[57,83301,101],{"class":93},[57,83303,82864],{"class":118},[57,83305,101],{"class":93},[57,83307,83308],{"class":97},"prices",[57,83310,640],{"class":93},[20,83312,243],{},[48,83314,83316],{"className":50,"code":83315,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"29.0\n",[15,83317,83318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83319,83320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83321,83315],{"class":1023},[20,83323,83324,83325,83327,83328,94],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83326,82805],{}," is simpler than ",[293,83329,83330],{"href":74748},[15,83331,74651],{},[43,83333,425,83335,83337],{"id":83334},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83336,82805],{}," with separate values",[20,83339,83340],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[48,83342,83344],{"className":50,"code":83343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83345,83346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83347,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83349,119],{"class":118},[57,83351,101],{"class":93},[57,83353,82864],{"class":118},[57,83355,101],{"class":93},[57,83357,2740],{"class":1023},[57,83359,107],{"class":93},[57,83361,31182],{"class":1023},[57,83363,107],{"class":93},[57,83365,6227],{"class":1023},[57,83367,640],{"class":93},[20,83369,243],{},[48,83371,83372],{"className":50,"code":2458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83373,83374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83375,83376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83377,2458],{"class":1023},[20,83379,83380],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83382,83383],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[48,83385,83387],{"className":50,"code":83386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83388,83389,83398,83406,83416,83420,83443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83390,83391,83393,83395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83392,2790],{"class":63},[57,83394,68],{"class":67},[57,83396,83397],{"class":1023}," 15\n",[57,83399,83400,83402,83404],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83401,2818],{"class":63},[57,83403,68],{"class":67},[57,83405,3005],{"class":1023},[57,83407,83408,83411,83413],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,83409,83410],{"class":63},"c ",[57,83412,68],{"class":67},[57,83414,83415],{"class":1023}," 27\n",[57,83417,83418],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,83419,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,83421,83422,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,83423,83424],{"class":63},"largest ",[57,83426,68],{"class":67},[57,83428,83211],{"class":118},[57,83430,101],{"class":93},[57,83432,293],{"class":97},[57,83434,107],{"class":93},[57,83436,2795],{"class":97},[57,83438,107],{"class":93},[57,83440,9917],{"class":97},[57,83442,112],{"class":93},[57,83444,83445,83447,83449,83452],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,83446,119],{"class":118},[57,83448,101],{"class":93},[57,83450,83451],{"class":97},"largest",[57,83453,112],{"class":93},[20,83455,243],{},[48,83457,83458],{"className":50,"code":46848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83459,83460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83461,83462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83463,46848],{"class":1023},[20,83465,83466],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[43,83468,425,83470,47295],{"id":83469},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83471,82805],{},[20,83473,83474,83476],{},[15,83475,82805],{}," can compare strings too.",[48,83478,83480],{"className":50,"code":83479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83481,83482,83514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83483,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83485,4304],{"class":63},[57,83487,68],{"class":67},[57,83489,1380],{"class":93},[57,83491,104],{"class":71},[57,83493,836],{"class":75},[57,83495,104],{"class":71},[57,83497,107],{"class":93},[57,83499,72],{"class":71},[57,83501,845],{"class":75},[57,83503,104],{"class":71},[57,83505,107],{"class":93},[57,83507,72],{"class":71},[57,83509,78969],{"class":75},[57,83511,104],{"class":71},[57,83513,288],{"class":93},[57,83515,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83517,119],{"class":118},[57,83519,101],{"class":93},[57,83521,82864],{"class":118},[57,83523,101],{"class":93},[57,83525,4345],{"class":97},[57,83527,640],{"class":93},[20,83529,243],{},[48,83531,83532],{"className":50,"code":82970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83533,83534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83535,83536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83537,82970],{"class":63},[20,83539,83540],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83542,68514],{},[30,83544,83545,83554,83557],{},[33,83546,83547,83550,83551,83553],{},[15,83548,83549],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83552,65505],{}," alphabetically",[33,83555,83556],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83558,83559],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83561,179],{},[48,83563,83565],{"className":50,"code":83564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83566,83567,83600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83568,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83570,4304],{"class":63},[57,83572,68],{"class":67},[57,83574,1380],{"class":93},[57,83576,104],{"class":71},[57,83578,836],{"class":75},[57,83580,104],{"class":71},[57,83582,107],{"class":93},[57,83584,72],{"class":71},[57,83586,83587],{"class":75},"Banana",[57,83589,104],{"class":71},[57,83591,107],{"class":93},[57,83593,72],{"class":71},[57,83595,78969],{"class":75},[57,83597,104],{"class":71},[57,83599,288],{"class":93},[57,83601,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83603,119],{"class":118},[57,83605,101],{"class":93},[57,83607,82864],{"class":118},[57,83609,101],{"class":93},[57,83611,4345],{"class":97},[57,83613,640],{"class":93},[20,83615,83616],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83618,83619,83620,83622],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83621,15073],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[43,83624,36853,83625,36856],{"id":78927},[15,83626,15073],{},[20,83628,2218,83629,83631],{},[15,83630,15073],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83633,83634],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[572,83636,83638],{"id":83637},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[48,83640,83642],{"className":50,"code":83641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83643,83644,83676],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83645,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83647,4304],{"class":63},[57,83649,68],{"class":67},[57,83651,1380],{"class":93},[57,83653,104],{"class":71},[57,83655,1296],{"class":75},[57,83657,104],{"class":71},[57,83659,107],{"class":93},[57,83661,72],{"class":71},[57,83663,68557],{"class":75},[57,83665,104],{"class":71},[57,83667,107],{"class":93},[57,83669,72],{"class":71},[57,83671,1305],{"class":75},[57,83673,104],{"class":71},[57,83675,288],{"class":93},[57,83677,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83679,119],{"class":118},[57,83681,101],{"class":93},[57,83683,82864],{"class":118},[57,83685,101],{"class":93},[57,83687,4345],{"class":97},[57,83689,107],{"class":93},[57,83691,21815],{"class":9411},[57,83693,68],{"class":67},[57,83695,2009],{"class":118},[57,83697,640],{"class":93},[20,83699,243],{},[48,83701,83703],{"className":50,"code":83702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"elephant\n",[15,83704,83705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83706,83707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83708,83702],{"class":63},[20,83710,21006,83711,83714],{},[15,83712,83713],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83716,83717,83718,33869,83720,94],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83719,42601],{},[293,83721,83722,6016],{"href":42598},[15,83723,42601],{},[572,83725,83727],{"id":83726},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[48,83729,83731],{"className":50,"code":83730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83732,83733,83765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83734,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83736,4304],{"class":63},[57,83738,68],{"class":67},[57,83740,1380],{"class":93},[57,83742,104],{"class":71},[57,83744,836],{"class":75},[57,83746,104],{"class":71},[57,83748,107],{"class":93},[57,83750,72],{"class":71},[57,83752,83587],{"class":75},[57,83754,104],{"class":71},[57,83756,107],{"class":93},[57,83758,72],{"class":71},[57,83760,78969],{"class":75},[57,83762,104],{"class":71},[57,83764,288],{"class":93},[57,83766,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787,83789],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83768,119],{"class":118},[57,83770,101],{"class":93},[57,83772,82864],{"class":118},[57,83774,101],{"class":93},[57,83776,4345],{"class":97},[57,83778,107],{"class":93},[57,83780,21815],{"class":9411},[57,83782,68],{"class":67},[57,83784,3676],{"class":1256},[57,83786,94],{"class":93},[57,83788,8876],{"class":24987},[57,83790,640],{"class":93},[20,83792,243],{},[48,83794,83795],{"className":50,"code":82970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83796,83797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83798,83799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83800,82970],{"class":63},[20,83802,21006,83803,83805],{},[15,83804,78923],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[572,83807,83809],{"id":83808},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83811,83812,83813,1016],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83814,37900],{},[48,83816,83818],{"className":50,"code":83817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83819,83820,83863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83821,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838,83841,83843,83845,83847,83850,83852,83854,83856,83859,83861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83823,8014],{"class":63},[57,83825,68],{"class":67},[57,83827,1380],{"class":93},[57,83829,104],{"class":71},[57,83831,293],{"class":75},[57,83833,104],{"class":71},[57,83835,107],{"class":93},[57,83837,72],{"class":71},[57,83839,83840],{"class":75},"bb",[57,83842,104],{"class":71},[57,83844,107],{"class":93},[57,83846,72],{"class":71},[57,83848,83849],{"class":75},"cccc",[57,83851,104],{"class":71},[57,83853,107],{"class":93},[57,83855,72],{"class":71},[57,83857,83858],{"class":75},"ddd",[57,83860,104],{"class":71},[57,83862,288],{"class":93},[57,83864,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83866,119],{"class":118},[57,83868,101],{"class":93},[57,83870,82864],{"class":118},[57,83872,101],{"class":93},[57,83874,8045],{"class":97},[57,83876,107],{"class":93},[57,83878,21815],{"class":9411},[57,83880,68],{"class":67},[57,83882,37900],{"class":1326},[57,83884,90],{"class":37903},[57,83886,1016],{"class":93},[57,83888,38626],{"class":118},[57,83890,101],{"class":93},[57,83892,227],{"class":97},[57,83894,2028],{"class":93},[20,83896,243],{},[48,83898,83900],{"className":50,"code":83899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cccc\n",[15,83901,83902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83903,83904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83905,83899],{"class":63},[20,83907,49786,83908,2082,83910,83912],{},[15,83909,83713],{},[15,83911,78810],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[43,83914,36853,83916,36856],{"id":83915},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83917,83160],{},[20,83919,2218,83920,83922],{},[15,83921,83160],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83924,83925],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[48,83927,83929],{"className":50,"code":83928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83930,83931,83939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83932,83933,83935,83937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83934,3853],{"class":63},[57,83936,68],{"class":67},[57,83938,8074],{"class":93},[57,83940,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83942,119],{"class":118},[57,83944,101],{"class":93},[57,83946,82864],{"class":118},[57,83948,101],{"class":93},[57,83950,3883],{"class":97},[57,83952,107],{"class":93},[57,83954,26761],{"class":9411},[57,83956,68],{"class":67},[57,83958,1277],{"class":1023},[57,83960,640],{"class":93},[20,83962,243],{},[48,83964,83965],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,83966,83967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83968,83969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83970,47488],{"class":1023},[20,83972,83973],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83975,83976,83977,83979],{},"Without ",[15,83978,83160],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83981,1102],{},[48,83983,83985],{"className":50,"code":83984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83986,83987,83995,84022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,83988,83989,83991,83993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,83990,4304],{"class":63},[57,83992,68],{"class":67},[57,83994,8074],{"class":93},[57,83996,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84018,84020],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,83998,2463],{"class":63},[57,84000,68],{"class":67},[57,84002,83211],{"class":118},[57,84004,101],{"class":93},[57,84006,4345],{"class":97},[57,84008,107],{"class":93},[57,84010,26761],{"class":9411},[57,84012,68],{"class":67},[57,84014,104],{"class":71},[57,84016,84017],{"class":75},"no words found",[57,84019,104],{"class":71},[57,84021,112],{"class":93},[57,84023,84024,84026,84028,84030],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,84025,119],{"class":118},[57,84027,101],{"class":93},[57,84029,2498],{"class":97},[57,84031,112],{"class":93},[20,84033,243],{},[48,84035,84037],{"className":50,"code":84036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"no words found\n",[15,84038,84039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84040,84041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84042,84036],{"class":63},[20,84044,84045],{},"Important:",[30,84047,84048,84056],{},[33,84049,84050,84052,84053],{},[15,84051,83160],{}," works with ",[15,84054,84055],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,84057,41146,84058,84060,84061],{},[153,84059,175],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84062,84063],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[43,84065,48223],{"id":48222},[20,84067,84068,84069,94],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84070,82805],{},[572,84072,84074,84076],{"id":84073},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84075,40944],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84078,84079,84080,46144,84082,94],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84081,83160],{},[15,84083,40944],{},[48,84085,84087],{"className":50,"code":84086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84088,84089,84097],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84090,84091,84093,84095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84092,3853],{"class":63},[57,84094,68],{"class":67},[57,84096,8074],{"class":93},[57,84098,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84100,119],{"class":118},[57,84102,101],{"class":93},[57,84104,82864],{"class":118},[57,84106,101],{"class":93},[57,84108,3883],{"class":97},[57,84110,640],{"class":93},[20,84112,29919],{},[48,84114,84116],{"className":50,"code":84115,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84117,84118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84119,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84131,84133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84121,40944],{"class":1256},[57,84123,1016],{"class":93},[57,84125,83211],{"class":118},[57,84127,7600],{"class":93},[57,84129,84130],{"class":63}," arg ",[57,84132,537],{"class":67},[57,84134,84135],{"class":63}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84137,84138,84139,1016],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84140,83160],{},[48,84142,84144],{"className":50,"code":84143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84145,84146,84154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84147,84148,84150,84152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84149,3853],{"class":63},[57,84151,68],{"class":67},[57,84153,8074],{"class":93},[57,84155,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84157,119],{"class":118},[57,84159,101],{"class":93},[57,84161,82864],{"class":118},[57,84163,101],{"class":93},[57,84165,3883],{"class":97},[57,84167,107],{"class":93},[57,84169,26761],{"class":9411},[57,84171,68],{"class":67},[57,84173,4012],{"class":4085},[57,84175,640],{"class":93},[20,84177,84178,84179,94],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[293,84180,66070],{"href":73105},[572,84182,84184,84186],{"id":84183},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84185,3241],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84188,84189,84190,94],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84191,3241],{},[48,84193,84195],{"className":50,"code":84194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84196,84197,84221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84198,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84200,8014],{"class":63},[57,84202,68],{"class":67},[57,84204,1380],{"class":93},[57,84206,941],{"class":1023},[57,84208,107],{"class":93},[57,84210,72],{"class":71},[57,84212,15987],{"class":75},[57,84214,104],{"class":71},[57,84216,107],{"class":93},[57,84218,8030],{"class":1023},[57,84220,288],{"class":93},[57,84222,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84224,119],{"class":118},[57,84226,101],{"class":93},[57,84228,82864],{"class":118},[57,84230,101],{"class":93},[57,84232,8045],{"class":97},[57,84234,640],{"class":93},[20,84236,84237],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84239,84240],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[48,84242,84244],{"className":50,"code":84243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84245,84246,84266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84247,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84249,8014],{"class":63},[57,84251,68],{"class":67},[57,84253,1380],{"class":93},[57,84255,941],{"class":1023},[57,84257,107],{"class":93},[57,84259,8025],{"class":1023},[57,84261,107],{"class":93},[57,84263,8030],{"class":1023},[57,84265,288],{"class":93},[57,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84269,119],{"class":118},[57,84271,101],{"class":93},[57,84273,82864],{"class":118},[57,84275,101],{"class":93},[57,84277,8045],{"class":97},[57,84279,640],{"class":93},[20,84281,84282,84283,94],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[293,84284,84286],{"href":84285},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[572,84288,84290,84292],{"id":84289},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84291,3241],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84294,84295,84297],{},[15,84296,82805],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[48,84299,84301],{"className":50,"code":84300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max())\n",[15,84302,84303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84304,84305,84307,84309,84311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84306,119],{"class":118},[57,84308,101],{"class":93},[57,84310,82864],{"class":118},[57,84312,383],{"class":93},[20,84314,3238,84315,94],{},[15,84316,3241],{},[43,84318,84320,577,84322],{"id":84319},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84321,82805],{},[15,84323,74651],{},[20,84325,84326],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84328,84329,1016],{},[15,84330,82805],{},[30,84332,84333],{},[33,84334,84335],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84337,84338,1016],{},[15,84339,74651],{},[30,84341,84342],{},[33,84343,84344],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84346,179],{},[48,84348,84350],{"className":50,"code":84349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84351,84352,84376,84380,84394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84353,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84355,3853],{"class":63},[57,84357,68],{"class":67},[57,84359,1380],{"class":93},[57,84361,2299],{"class":1023},[57,84363,107],{"class":93},[57,84365,6594],{"class":1023},[57,84367,107],{"class":93},[57,84369,1024],{"class":1023},[57,84371,107],{"class":93},[57,84373,4838],{"class":1023},[57,84375,288],{"class":93},[57,84377,84378],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84379,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,84381,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,84383,119],{"class":118},[57,84385,101],{"class":93},[57,84387,82864],{"class":118},[57,84389,101],{"class":93},[57,84391,3883],{"class":97},[57,84393,640],{"class":93},[57,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,84397,119],{"class":118},[57,84399,101],{"class":93},[57,84401,74741],{"class":118},[57,84403,101],{"class":93},[57,84405,3883],{"class":97},[57,84407,640],{"class":93},[20,84409,243],{},[48,84411,84413],{"className":50,"code":84412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84414,84415,84419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84416,84417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84418,2615],{"class":1023},[57,84420,84421,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84422,258],{"class":93},[57,84424,1931],{"class":1023},[57,84426,107],{"class":93},[57,84428,2686],{"class":1023},[57,84430,107],{"class":93},[57,84432,4838],{"class":1023},[57,84434,107],{"class":93},[57,84436,6594],{"class":1023},[57,84438,288],{"class":93},[20,84440,136,84441,84443],{},[15,84442,82805],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84445,136,84446,84450],{},[293,84447,84448],{"href":74748},[15,84449,74651],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84452,84453,84454,94],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[293,84455,84457],{"href":84456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84458,84459],{},"min()",[43,84461,1673],{"id":1672},[20,84463,1676],{},[30,84465,84466,84473,84476,84481,84484],{},[33,84467,29888,84468,84470,84471],{},[15,84469,82805],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84472,83160],{},[33,84474,84475],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84477,8688,84478,84480],{},[15,84479,82805],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84482,84483],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84485,425,84486,84488],{},[15,84487,83160],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84490,11346],{},[48,84492,84494],{"className":50,"code":84493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84495,84496,84506,84520,84534,84548,84570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84497,84498,84500,84502,84504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84499,119],{"class":118},[57,84501,101],{"class":93},[57,84503,8045],{"class":97},[57,84505,112],{"class":93},[57,84507,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84509,119],{"class":118},[57,84511,101],{"class":93},[57,84513,1257],{"class":1256},[57,84515,101],{"class":93},[57,84517,8045],{"class":97},[57,84519,640],{"class":93},[57,84521,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,84523,119],{"class":118},[57,84525,101],{"class":93},[57,84527,2009],{"class":118},[57,84529,101],{"class":93},[57,84531,8045],{"class":97},[57,84533,640],{"class":93},[57,84535,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,84537,119],{"class":118},[57,84539,101],{"class":93},[57,84541,82864],{"class":118},[57,84543,101],{"class":93},[57,84545,8045],{"class":97},[57,84547,640],{"class":93},[57,84549,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,84551,119],{"class":118},[57,84553,101],{"class":93},[57,84555,82864],{"class":118},[57,84557,101],{"class":93},[57,84559,8045],{"class":97},[57,84561,107],{"class":93},[57,84563,26761],{"class":9411},[57,84565,68],{"class":67},[57,84567,4012],{"class":4085},[57,84569,640],{"class":93},[57,84571,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,84573,119],{"class":118},[57,84575,3221],{"class":93},[57,84577,1257],{"class":1256},[57,84579,101],{"class":93},[57,84581,2409],{"class":97},[57,84583,3896],{"class":93},[57,84585,4111],{"class":4110},[57,84587,4114],{"class":97},[57,84589,4117],{"class":4110},[57,84591,6199],{"class":97},[57,84593,1280],{"class":93},[20,84595,84596],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84598,84599,84604,84609,84612],{},[33,84600,84601,84602],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84603,8045],{},[33,84605,79975,84606,84608],{},[15,84607,8045],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84610,84611],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84613,84614],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84616,69575,84617,84620,84621,84623],{},[15,84618,84619],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84622,8045],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[43,84625,2075],{"id":2074},[572,84627,2112,84629,5377],{"id":84628},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84630,82805],{},[20,84632,84633],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[572,84635,5402,84637,84639],{"id":84636},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84638,82805],{}," work with strings?",[20,84641,84642],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[572,84644,71873],{"id":71872},[20,84646,84647,52729,84649,84651,84652,84654],{},[15,84648,82805],{},[15,84650,40944],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84653,83160],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[572,84656,84658,84659,2085],{"id":84657},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84660,82805],{},[20,84662,136,84663,1016],{},[15,84664,83713],{},[48,84666,84667],{"className":50,"code":83641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84668,84669,84701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84670,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84672,4304],{"class":63},[57,84674,68],{"class":67},[57,84676,1380],{"class":93},[57,84678,104],{"class":71},[57,84680,1296],{"class":75},[57,84682,104],{"class":71},[57,84684,107],{"class":93},[57,84686,72],{"class":71},[57,84688,68557],{"class":75},[57,84690,104],{"class":71},[57,84692,107],{"class":93},[57,84694,72],{"class":71},[57,84696,1305],{"class":75},[57,84698,104],{"class":71},[57,84700,288],{"class":93},[57,84702,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84704,119],{"class":118},[57,84706,101],{"class":93},[57,84708,82864],{"class":118},[57,84710,101],{"class":93},[57,84712,4345],{"class":97},[57,84714,107],{"class":93},[57,84716,21815],{"class":9411},[57,84718,68],{"class":67},[57,84720,2009],{"class":118},[57,84722,640],{"class":93},[572,84724,2079,84726,2082,84728,2085],{"id":84725},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84727,82805],{},[15,84729,74651],{},[20,84731,84732,84734,84735,84737],{},[15,84733,82805],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84736,74651],{}," returns all items in order.",[43,84739,2132],{"id":2131},[30,84741,84742,84748,84754,84760,84764,84768],{},[33,84743,84744],{},[293,84745,84746,3742],{"href":84456},[15,84747,84459],{},[33,84749,84750],{},[293,84751,84752,3742],{"href":74748},[15,84753,74651],{},[33,84755,84756],{},[293,84757,84758,3742],{"href":42598},[15,84759,42601],{},[33,84761,84762],{},[293,84763,59189],{"href":59188},[33,84765,84766],{},[293,84767,66070],{"href":73105},[33,84769,84770],{},[293,84771,84286],{"href":84285},[2161,84773,84774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":84776},[84777,84778,84780,84781,84783,84785,84787,84792,84794,84802,84804,84805,84816],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":82995,"depth":82,"text":84779},"What max() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":83164,"depth":82,"text":84782},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83334,"depth":82,"text":84784},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83469,"depth":82,"text":84786},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78927,"depth":82,"text":80124,"children":84788},[84789,84790,84791],{"id":83637,"depth":115,"text":83638},{"id":83726,"depth":115,"text":83727},{"id":83808,"depth":115,"text":83809},{"id":83915,"depth":82,"text":84793},"Using the default argument",{"id":48222,"depth":82,"text":48223,"children":84795},[84796,84798,84800],{"id":84073,"depth":115,"text":84797},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84183,"depth":115,"text":84799},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84289,"depth":115,"text":84801},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84319,"depth":82,"text":84803},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":84806},[84807,84809,84811,84812,84814],{"id":84628,"depth":115,"text":84808},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84636,"depth":115,"text":84810},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71872,"depth":115,"text":71873},{"id":84657,"depth":115,"text":84813},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84725,"depth":115,"text":84815},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82797,"description":84817},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84824,"title":84825,"body":84826,"description":86779,"extension":2201,"meta":86780,"navigation":217,"path":86781,"seo":86782,"stem":86783,"__hash__":86784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84827,"toc":86736},[84828,84833,84838,84844,84846,84920,84922,84935,84940,84945,84961,84965,84970,85046,85052,85055,85098,85100,85108,85114,85117,85148,85150,85158,85164,85169,85228,85230,85239,85242,85252,85258,85263,85298,85300,85308,85314,85320,85325,85369,85371,85380,85383,85423,85425,85434,85437,85449,85454,85459,85510,85512,85521,85524,85575,85577,85586,85589,85596,85602,85607,85609,85624,85628,85688,85690,85698,85702,85874,85876,85913,85920,85926,85929,85956,85958,85979,85984,86019,86021,86029,86032,86035,86051,86056,86058,86062,86068,86072,86099,86102,86112,86152,86156,86159,86202,86204,86213,86216,86221,86290,86292,86300,86305,86309,86312,86363,86365,86373,86376,86439,86441,86449,86452,86457,86461,86474,86481,86489,86491,86493,86523,86529,86630,86640,86642,86647,86650,86655,86658,86660,86668,86676,86684,86691,86699,86701,86733],[10,84829,3809,84831,3813],{"id":84830},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84832,84459],{},[20,84834,84835,84837],{},[15,84836,84459],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84839,84840,84841,84843],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84842,84459],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[43,84845,46],{"id":45},[48,84847,84849],{"className":50,"code":84848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84850,84851,84875,84890,84894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84852,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84854,3853],{"class":63},[57,84856,68],{"class":67},[57,84858,1380],{"class":93},[57,84860,2372],{"class":1023},[57,84862,107],{"class":93},[57,84864,1024],{"class":1023},[57,84866,107],{"class":93},[57,84868,54371],{"class":1023},[57,84870,107],{"class":93},[57,84872,1143],{"class":1023},[57,84874,288],{"class":93},[57,84876,84877,84879,84881,84884,84886,84888],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84878,119],{"class":118},[57,84880,101],{"class":93},[57,84882,84883],{"class":118},"min",[57,84885,101],{"class":93},[57,84887,3883],{"class":97},[57,84889,640],{"class":93},[57,84891,84892],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,84893,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,84895,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,84897,119],{"class":118},[57,84899,101],{"class":93},[57,84901,84883],{"class":118},[57,84903,101],{"class":93},[57,84905,2372],{"class":1023},[57,84907,107],{"class":93},[57,84909,1024],{"class":1023},[57,84911,107],{"class":93},[57,84913,54371],{"class":1023},[57,84915,107],{"class":93},[57,84917,1143],{"class":1023},[57,84919,640],{"class":93},[20,84921,243],{},[48,84923,84925],{"className":50,"code":84924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n1\n",[15,84926,84927,84931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84928,84929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84930,47153],{"class":1023},[57,84932,84933],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84934,47153],{"class":1023},[20,84936,136,84937,84939],{},[15,84938,84459],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[43,84941,143,84943,146],{"id":84942},"what-min-does",[15,84944,84459],{},[30,84946,84947,84952,84955,84958],{},[33,84948,84949,84951],{},[15,84950,84459],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84953,84954],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84956,84957],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84959,84960],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[43,84962,84964],{"id":84963},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84966,84967,84968,1016],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84969,84459],{},[48,84971,84973],{"className":50,"code":84972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84974,84975,84985,85010,85028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84976,84977,84979,84981,84983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84978,84883],{"class":118},[57,84980,101],{"class":93},[57,84982,3955],{"class":97},[57,84984,112],{"class":93},[57,84986,84987,84989,84991,84994,84996,84999,85001,85004,85006,85008],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,84988,84883],{"class":118},[57,84990,101],{"class":93},[57,84992,84993],{"class":97},"value1",[57,84995,107],{"class":93},[57,84997,84998],{"class":97}," value2",[57,85000,107],{"class":93},[57,85002,85003],{"class":97}," value3",[57,85005,107],{"class":93},[57,85007,34694],{"class":118},[57,85009,112],{"class":93},[57,85011,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024,85026],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,85013,84883],{"class":118},[57,85015,101],{"class":93},[57,85017,3955],{"class":97},[57,85019,107],{"class":93},[57,85021,21815],{"class":9411},[57,85023,68],{"class":67},[57,85025,37611],{"class":118},[57,85027,112],{"class":93},[57,85029,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,85031,84883],{"class":118},[57,85033,101],{"class":93},[57,85035,3955],{"class":97},[57,85037,107],{"class":93},[57,85039,26761],{"class":9411},[57,85041,68],{"class":67},[57,85043,37611],{"class":118},[57,85045,112],{"class":93},[572,85047,85049],{"id":85048},"miniterable",[15,85050,85051],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85053,85054],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[48,85056,85058],{"className":50,"code":85057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85059,85060,85084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85061,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85063,3853],{"class":63},[57,85065,68],{"class":67},[57,85067,1380],{"class":93},[57,85069,2579],{"class":1023},[57,85071,107],{"class":93},[57,85073,2686],{"class":1023},[57,85075,107],{"class":93},[57,85077,31182],{"class":1023},[57,85079,107],{"class":93},[57,85081,1143],{"class":1023},[57,85083,288],{"class":93},[57,85085,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85087,119],{"class":118},[57,85089,101],{"class":93},[57,85091,84883],{"class":118},[57,85093,101],{"class":93},[57,85095,3883],{"class":97},[57,85097,640],{"class":93},[20,85099,243],{},[48,85101,85102],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85103,85104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85105,85106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85107,47153],{"class":1023},[572,85109,85111],{"id":85110},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85112,85113],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85115,85116],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[48,85118,85120],{"className":50,"code":85119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85121,85122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85123,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85125,119],{"class":118},[57,85127,101],{"class":93},[57,85129,84883],{"class":118},[57,85131,101],{"class":93},[57,85133,2579],{"class":1023},[57,85135,107],{"class":93},[57,85137,2686],{"class":1023},[57,85139,107],{"class":93},[57,85141,31182],{"class":1023},[57,85143,107],{"class":93},[57,85145,1143],{"class":1023},[57,85147,640],{"class":93},[20,85149,243],{},[48,85151,85152],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85153,85154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85155,85156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85157,47153],{"class":1023},[572,85159,85161],{"id":85160},"miniterable-key",[15,85162,85163],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85165,136,85166,85168],{},[15,85167,15073],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[48,85170,85172],{"className":50,"code":85171,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85173,85174,85206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85175,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85177,4304],{"class":63},[57,85179,68],{"class":67},[57,85181,1380],{"class":93},[57,85183,104],{"class":71},[57,85185,78969],{"class":75},[57,85187,104],{"class":71},[57,85189,107],{"class":93},[57,85191,72],{"class":71},[57,85193,38581],{"class":75},[57,85195,104],{"class":71},[57,85197,107],{"class":93},[57,85199,72],{"class":71},[57,85201,845],{"class":75},[57,85203,104],{"class":71},[57,85205,288],{"class":93},[57,85207,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85209,119],{"class":118},[57,85211,101],{"class":93},[57,85213,84883],{"class":118},[57,85215,101],{"class":93},[57,85217,4345],{"class":97},[57,85219,107],{"class":93},[57,85221,21815],{"class":9411},[57,85223,68],{"class":67},[57,85225,2009],{"class":118},[57,85227,640],{"class":93},[20,85229,243],{},[48,85231,85233],{"className":50,"code":85232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"kiwi\n",[15,85234,85235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85236,85237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85238,85232],{"class":63},[20,85240,85241],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85243,85244,85245,85247,85248,94],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85246,42601],{},", see the ",[293,85249,85250,3742],{"href":42598},[15,85251,42601],{},[572,85253,85255],{"id":85254},"miniterable-default",[15,85256,85257],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85259,136,85260,85262],{},[15,85261,83160],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[48,85264,85266],{"className":50,"code":85265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85267,85268,85276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85269,85270,85272,85274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85271,3853],{"class":63},[57,85273,68],{"class":67},[57,85275,8074],{"class":93},[57,85277,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85279,119],{"class":118},[57,85281,101],{"class":93},[57,85283,84883],{"class":118},[57,85285,101],{"class":93},[57,85287,3883],{"class":97},[57,85289,107],{"class":93},[57,85291,26761],{"class":9411},[57,85293,68],{"class":67},[57,85295,1277],{"class":1023},[57,85297,640],{"class":93},[20,85299,243],{},[48,85301,85302],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85303,85304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85305,85306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85307,47488],{"class":1023},[20,85309,85310,85311,85313],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85312,40944],{}," when there is no item to return.",[43,85315,425,85317,85319],{"id":85316},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85318,84459],{}," with numbers",[20,85321,85322,85324],{},[15,85323,84459],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[48,85326,85328],{"className":50,"code":85327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85329,85330,85355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85331,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85333,5296],{"class":63},[57,85335,68],{"class":67},[57,85337,1380],{"class":93},[57,85339,51740],{"class":1023},[57,85341,107],{"class":93},[57,85343,85344],{"class":1023}," 72",[57,85346,107],{"class":93},[57,85348,29145],{"class":1023},[57,85350,107],{"class":93},[57,85352,76327],{"class":1023},[57,85354,288],{"class":93},[57,85356,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85358,119],{"class":118},[57,85360,101],{"class":93},[57,85362,84883],{"class":118},[57,85364,101],{"class":93},[57,85366,16622],{"class":97},[57,85368,640],{"class":93},[20,85370,243],{},[48,85372,85374],{"className":50,"code":85373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"60\n",[15,85375,85376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85377,85378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85379,85373],{"class":1023},[20,85381,85382],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[48,85384,85386],{"className":50,"code":85385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85387,85388,85409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85389,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85403,85405,85407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85391,83272],{"class":63},[57,85393,68],{"class":67},[57,85395,1380],{"class":93},[57,85397,40638],{"class":1023},[57,85399,107],{"class":93},[57,85401,85402],{"class":1023}," 5.49",[57,85404,107],{"class":93},[57,85406,83288],{"class":1023},[57,85408,288],{"class":93},[57,85410,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85412,119],{"class":118},[57,85414,101],{"class":93},[57,85416,84883],{"class":118},[57,85418,101],{"class":93},[57,85420,83308],{"class":97},[57,85422,640],{"class":93},[20,85424,243],{},[48,85426,85428],{"className":50,"code":85427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.49\n",[15,85429,85430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85431,85432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85433,85427],{"class":1023},[20,85435,85436],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,85438,85439,85441,85443,85446],{},[33,85440,16622],{},[33,85442,83308],{},[33,85444,85445],{},"measurements",[33,85447,85448],{},"ages",[43,85450,425,85452,47295],{"id":85451},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85453,84459],{},[20,85455,85456,85458],{},[15,85457,84459],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[48,85460,85462],{"className":50,"code":85461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85463,85464,85496],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85465,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85467,4304],{"class":63},[57,85469,68],{"class":67},[57,85471,1380],{"class":93},[57,85473,104],{"class":71},[57,85475,845],{"class":75},[57,85477,104],{"class":71},[57,85479,107],{"class":93},[57,85481,72],{"class":71},[57,85483,836],{"class":75},[57,85485,104],{"class":71},[57,85487,107],{"class":93},[57,85489,72],{"class":71},[57,85491,854],{"class":75},[57,85493,104],{"class":71},[57,85495,288],{"class":93},[57,85497,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85499,119],{"class":118},[57,85501,101],{"class":93},[57,85503,84883],{"class":118},[57,85505,101],{"class":93},[57,85507,4345],{"class":97},[57,85509,640],{"class":93},[20,85511,243],{},[48,85513,85515],{"className":50,"code":85514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple\n",[15,85516,85517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85518,85519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85520,85514],{"class":63},[20,85522,85523],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[48,85525,85527],{"className":50,"code":85526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85528,85529,85561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85530,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85532,4304],{"class":63},[57,85534,68],{"class":67},[57,85536,1380],{"class":93},[57,85538,104],{"class":71},[57,85540,845],{"class":75},[57,85542,104],{"class":71},[57,85544,107],{"class":93},[57,85546,72],{"class":71},[57,85548,58003],{"class":75},[57,85550,104],{"class":71},[57,85552,107],{"class":93},[57,85554,72],{"class":71},[57,85556,854],{"class":75},[57,85558,104],{"class":71},[57,85560,288],{"class":93},[57,85562,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85564,119],{"class":118},[57,85566,101],{"class":93},[57,85568,84883],{"class":118},[57,85570,101],{"class":93},[57,85572,4345],{"class":97},[57,85574,640],{"class":93},[20,85576,243],{},[48,85578,85580],{"className":50,"code":85579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\n",[15,85581,85582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85583,85584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85585,85579],{"class":63},[20,85587,85588],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85590,85591,85592,94],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[293,85593,85594,6016],{"href":74748},[15,85595,74651],{},[43,85597,425,85599,85601],{"id":85598},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85600,84459],{}," with a key function",[20,85603,2218,85604,85606],{},[15,85605,15073],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85608,11690],{},[30,85610,85611,85616,85621],{},[33,85612,85613,85615],{},[15,85614,15073],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85617,85618,85620],{},[15,85619,84459],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85622,85623],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[572,85625,85627],{"id":85626},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[48,85629,85631],{"className":50,"code":85630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85632,85633,85666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85634,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85662,85664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85636,4304],{"class":63},[57,85638,68],{"class":67},[57,85640,1380],{"class":93},[57,85642,104],{"class":71},[57,85644,68557],{"class":75},[57,85646,104],{"class":71},[57,85648,107],{"class":93},[57,85650,72],{"class":71},[57,85652,1296],{"class":75},[57,85654,104],{"class":71},[57,85656,107],{"class":93},[57,85658,72],{"class":71},[57,85660,85661],{"class":75},"giraffe",[57,85663,104],{"class":71},[57,85665,288],{"class":93},[57,85667,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85669,119],{"class":118},[57,85671,101],{"class":93},[57,85673,84883],{"class":118},[57,85675,101],{"class":93},[57,85677,4345],{"class":97},[57,85679,107],{"class":93},[57,85681,21815],{"class":9411},[57,85683,68],{"class":67},[57,85685,2009],{"class":118},[57,85687,640],{"class":93},[20,85689,243],{},[48,85691,85692],{"className":50,"code":1341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85693,85694],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85695,85696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85697,1341],{"class":63},[572,85699,85701],{"id":85700},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[48,85703,85705],{"className":50,"code":85704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85706,85707,85717,85752,85784,85816,85820,85824,85863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85708,85709,85712,85714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85710,85711],{"class":63},"students ",[57,85713,68],{"class":67},[57,85715,85716],{"class":93}," [\n",[57,85718,85719,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85743,85745,85747,85749],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85720,85721],{"class":93},"    {",[57,85723,104],{"class":71},[57,85725,1056],{"class":75},[57,85727,104],{"class":71},[57,85729,1016],{"class":93},[57,85731,72],{"class":71},[57,85733,13112],{"class":75},[57,85735,104],{"class":71},[57,85737,107],{"class":93},[57,85739,72],{"class":71},[57,85741,85742],{"class":75},"score",[57,85744,104],{"class":71},[57,85746,1016],{"class":93},[57,85748,13738],{"class":1023},[57,85750,85751],{"class":93},"},\n",[57,85753,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,85755,85721],{"class":93},[57,85757,104],{"class":71},[57,85759,1056],{"class":75},[57,85761,104],{"class":71},[57,85763,1016],{"class":93},[57,85765,72],{"class":71},[57,85767,36180],{"class":75},[57,85769,104],{"class":71},[57,85771,107],{"class":93},[57,85773,72],{"class":71},[57,85775,85742],{"class":75},[57,85777,104],{"class":71},[57,85779,1016],{"class":93},[57,85781,85344],{"class":1023},[57,85783,85751],{"class":93},[57,85785,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,85787,85721],{"class":93},[57,85789,104],{"class":71},[57,85791,1056],{"class":75},[57,85793,104],{"class":71},[57,85795,1016],{"class":93},[57,85797,72],{"class":71},[57,85799,36189],{"class":75},[57,85801,104],{"class":71},[57,85803,107],{"class":93},[57,85805,72],{"class":71},[57,85807,85742],{"class":75},[57,85809,104],{"class":71},[57,85811,1016],{"class":93},[57,85813,20133],{"class":1023},[57,85815,9544],{"class":93},[57,85817,85818],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,85819,288],{"class":93},[57,85821,85822],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,85823,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,85825,85826,85829,85831,85834,85836,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,85827,85828],{"class":63},"lowest ",[57,85830,68],{"class":67},[57,85832,85833],{"class":118}," min",[57,85835,101],{"class":93},[57,85837,85838],{"class":97},"students",[57,85840,107],{"class":93},[57,85842,21815],{"class":9411},[57,85844,68],{"class":67},[57,85846,37900],{"class":1326},[57,85848,13138],{"class":37903},[57,85850,1016],{"class":93},[57,85852,13138],{"class":97},[57,85854,258],{"class":93},[57,85856,104],{"class":71},[57,85858,85742],{"class":75},[57,85860,104],{"class":71},[57,85862,1280],{"class":93},[57,85864,85865,85867,85869,85872],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,85866,119],{"class":118},[57,85868,101],{"class":93},[57,85870,85871],{"class":97},"lowest",[57,85873,112],{"class":93},[20,85875,243],{},[48,85877,85879],{"className":50,"code":85878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85880,85881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85882,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85884,9514],{"class":93},[57,85886,261],{"class":71},[57,85888,1056],{"class":75},[57,85890,261],{"class":71},[57,85892,1016],{"class":93},[57,85894,271],{"class":71},[57,85896,36180],{"class":75},[57,85898,261],{"class":71},[57,85900,107],{"class":93},[57,85902,271],{"class":71},[57,85904,85742],{"class":75},[57,85906,261],{"class":71},[57,85908,1016],{"class":93},[57,85910,85344],{"class":1023},[57,85912,9544],{"class":93},[20,85914,85915,85916,85919],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85917,85918],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[43,85921,425,85923,85925],{"id":85922},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85924,83160],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85927,85928],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[48,85930,85932],{"className":50,"code":85931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85933,85934,85942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85935,85936,85938,85940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85937,3853],{"class":63},[57,85939,68],{"class":67},[57,85941,8074],{"class":93},[57,85943,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,85945,119],{"class":118},[57,85947,101],{"class":93},[57,85949,84883],{"class":118},[57,85951,101],{"class":93},[57,85953,3883],{"class":97},[57,85955,640],{"class":93},[20,85957,243],{},[48,85959,85961],{"className":50,"code":85960,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85962,85963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85966,40944],{"class":1256},[57,85968,1016],{"class":93},[57,85970,85833],{"class":118},[57,85972,7600],{"class":93},[57,85974,84130],{"class":63},[57,85976,537],{"class":67},[57,85978,84135],{"class":63},[20,85980,85981,85982,1016],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85983,83160],{},[48,85985,85987],{"className":50,"code":85986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85988,85989,85997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85990,85991,85993,85995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85992,3853],{"class":63},[57,85994,68],{"class":67},[57,85996,8074],{"class":93},[57,85998,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86000,119],{"class":118},[57,86002,101],{"class":93},[57,86004,84883],{"class":118},[57,86006,101],{"class":93},[57,86008,3883],{"class":97},[57,86010,107],{"class":93},[57,86012,26761],{"class":9411},[57,86014,68],{"class":67},[57,86016,4012],{"class":4085},[57,86018,640],{"class":93},[20,86020,243],{},[48,86022,86023],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86024,86025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86026,86027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86028,12040],{"class":4085},[20,86030,86031],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86033,86034],{},"Remember:",[30,86036,86037,86045],{},[33,86038,86039,86041,86042,86044],{},[15,86040,83160],{}," works only when ",[15,86043,84459],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,86046,86047,86048],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86049,86050],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86052,86053,86054,94],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[293,86055,66070],{"href":73105},[43,86057,10978],{"id":10977},[20,86059,57010,86060,94],{},[15,86061,84459],{},[572,86063,86065,86066],{"id":86064},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86067,83160],{},[20,86069,3238,86070,1016],{},[15,86071,40944],{},[48,86073,86075],{"className":50,"code":86074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86076,86077,86085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86078,86079,86081,86083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86080,8014],{"class":63},[57,86082,68],{"class":67},[57,86084,8074],{"class":93},[57,86086,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86088,119],{"class":118},[57,86090,101],{"class":93},[57,86092,84883],{"class":118},[57,86094,101],{"class":93},[57,86096,8045],{"class":97},[57,86098,640],{"class":93},[20,86100,86101],{},"Fix it by:",[30,86103,86104,86107],{},[33,86105,86106],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,86108,86109,86110],{},"or using ",[15,86111,83160],{},[48,86113,86115],{"className":50,"code":86114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86116,86117,86125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86118,86119,86121,86123],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86120,8014],{"class":63},[57,86122,68],{"class":67},[57,86124,8074],{"class":93},[57,86126,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86148,86150],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86128,119],{"class":118},[57,86130,101],{"class":93},[57,86132,84883],{"class":118},[57,86134,101],{"class":93},[57,86136,8045],{"class":97},[57,86138,107],{"class":93},[57,86140,26761],{"class":9411},[57,86142,68],{"class":67},[57,86144,104],{"class":71},[57,86146,86147],{"class":75},"no items",[57,86149,104],{"class":71},[57,86151,640],{"class":93},[572,86153,86155],{"id":86154},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86157,86158],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[48,86160,86162],{"className":50,"code":86161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86163,86164,86188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86165,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86167,9401],{"class":63},[57,86169,68],{"class":67},[57,86171,1380],{"class":93},[57,86173,941],{"class":1023},[57,86175,107],{"class":93},[57,86177,72],{"class":71},[57,86179,15987],{"class":75},[57,86181,104],{"class":71},[57,86183,107],{"class":93},[57,86185,4838],{"class":1023},[57,86187,288],{"class":93},[57,86189,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86191,119],{"class":118},[57,86193,101],{"class":93},[57,86195,84883],{"class":118},[57,86197,101],{"class":93},[57,86199,9440],{"class":97},[57,86201,640],{"class":93},[20,86203,243],{},[48,86205,86207],{"className":50,"code":86206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError\n",[15,86208,86209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86210,86211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86212,86206],{"class":1256},[20,86214,86215],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86217,86218,86219,94],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86220,84459],{},[48,86222,86224],{"className":50,"code":86223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86225,86226,86250,86276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86227,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86229,9401],{"class":63},[57,86231,68],{"class":67},[57,86233,1380],{"class":93},[57,86235,941],{"class":1023},[57,86237,107],{"class":93},[57,86239,72],{"class":71},[57,86241,15987],{"class":75},[57,86243,104],{"class":71},[57,86245,107],{"class":93},[57,86247,4838],{"class":1023},[57,86249,288],{"class":93},[57,86251,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86253,3853],{"class":63},[57,86255,68],{"class":67},[57,86257,1380],{"class":93},[57,86259,2423],{"class":1256},[57,86261,101],{"class":93},[57,86263,2409],{"class":97},[57,86265,3896],{"class":93},[57,86267,4111],{"class":4110},[57,86269,4114],{"class":63},[57,86271,4117],{"class":4110},[57,86273,14798],{"class":63},[57,86275,288],{"class":93},[57,86277,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,86279,119],{"class":118},[57,86281,101],{"class":93},[57,86283,84883],{"class":118},[57,86285,101],{"class":93},[57,86287,3883],{"class":97},[57,86289,640],{"class":93},[20,86291,243],{},[48,86293,86294],{"className":50,"code":3182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86295,86296],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86297,86298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86299,3182],{"class":1023},[20,86301,86302,86303,94],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86304,3241],{},[572,86306,86308],{"id":86307},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86310,86311],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[48,86313,86315],{"className":50,"code":86314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86316,86317,86349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86318,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86320,4304],{"class":63},[57,86322,68],{"class":67},[57,86324,1380],{"class":93},[57,86326,104],{"class":71},[57,86328,79784],{"class":75},[57,86330,104],{"class":71},[57,86332,107],{"class":93},[57,86334,72],{"class":71},[57,86336,58003],{"class":75},[57,86338,104],{"class":71},[57,86340,107],{"class":93},[57,86342,72],{"class":71},[57,86344,79801],{"class":75},[57,86346,104],{"class":71},[57,86348,288],{"class":93},[57,86350,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86352,119],{"class":118},[57,86354,101],{"class":93},[57,86356,84883],{"class":118},[57,86358,101],{"class":93},[57,86360,4345],{"class":97},[57,86362,640],{"class":93},[20,86364,243],{},[48,86366,86367],{"className":50,"code":85579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86368,86369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86370,86371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86372,85579],{"class":63},[20,86374,86375],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[48,86377,86379],{"className":50,"code":86378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86380,86381,86413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86382,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86384,4304],{"class":63},[57,86386,68],{"class":67},[57,86388,1380],{"class":93},[57,86390,104],{"class":71},[57,86392,79784],{"class":75},[57,86394,104],{"class":71},[57,86396,107],{"class":93},[57,86398,72],{"class":71},[57,86400,58003],{"class":75},[57,86402,104],{"class":71},[57,86404,107],{"class":93},[57,86406,72],{"class":71},[57,86408,79801],{"class":75},[57,86410,104],{"class":71},[57,86412,288],{"class":93},[57,86414,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86416,119],{"class":118},[57,86418,101],{"class":93},[57,86420,84883],{"class":118},[57,86422,101],{"class":93},[57,86424,4345],{"class":97},[57,86426,107],{"class":93},[57,86428,21815],{"class":9411},[57,86430,68],{"class":67},[57,86432,3676],{"class":1256},[57,86434,94],{"class":93},[57,86436,8876],{"class":24987},[57,86438,640],{"class":93},[20,86440,243],{},[48,86442,86443],{"className":50,"code":85579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86444,86445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86446,86447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86448,85579],{"class":63},[20,86450,86451],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[43,86453,1637,86455],{"id":86454},"when-to-use-min",[15,86456,84459],{},[20,86458,136,86459,10835],{},[15,86460,84459],{},[30,86462,86463,86466,86471],{},[33,86464,86465],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86467,86468,86469],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86470,15073],{},[33,86472,86473],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86475,136,86476,86480],{},[293,86477,86478],{"href":74748},[15,86479,74651],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86482,136,86483,86488],{},[293,86484,86486],{"href":86485},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86487,82805],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[43,86490,1673],{"id":1672},[20,86492,1676],{},[30,86494,86495,86503,86506,86511,86518],{},[33,86496,86497,86498,86500,86501],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86499,84459],{}," without using ",[15,86502,83160],{},[33,86504,86505],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86507,8688,86508,86510],{},[15,86509,84459],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86512,4937,86513,86515,86516,85620],{},[15,86514,15073],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86517,84459],{},[33,86519,425,86520,86522],{},[15,86521,83160],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86524,86525,86526,86528],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86527,84459],{},", these quick checks can help:",[48,86530,86532],{"className":50,"code":86531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86533,86534,86548,86558,86572,86586,86608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86535,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86537,119],{"class":118},[57,86539,101],{"class":93},[57,86541,1257],{"class":1256},[57,86543,101],{"class":93},[57,86545,9440],{"class":97},[57,86547,640],{"class":93},[57,86549,86550,86552,86554,86556],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86551,119],{"class":118},[57,86553,101],{"class":93},[57,86555,9440],{"class":97},[57,86557,112],{"class":93},[57,86559,86560,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,86561,119],{"class":118},[57,86563,101],{"class":93},[57,86565,2009],{"class":118},[57,86567,101],{"class":93},[57,86569,9440],{"class":97},[57,86571,640],{"class":93},[57,86573,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,86575,119],{"class":118},[57,86577,101],{"class":93},[57,86579,84883],{"class":118},[57,86581,101],{"class":93},[57,86583,9440],{"class":97},[57,86585,640],{"class":93},[57,86587,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,86589,119],{"class":118},[57,86591,101],{"class":93},[57,86593,84883],{"class":118},[57,86595,101],{"class":93},[57,86597,9440],{"class":97},[57,86599,107],{"class":93},[57,86601,26761],{"class":9411},[57,86603,68],{"class":67},[57,86605,4012],{"class":4085},[57,86607,640],{"class":93},[57,86609,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,86611,119],{"class":118},[57,86613,101],{"class":93},[57,86615,84883],{"class":118},[57,86617,101],{"class":93},[57,86619,4345],{"class":97},[57,86621,107],{"class":93},[57,86623,21815],{"class":9411},[57,86625,68],{"class":67},[57,86627,2009],{"class":118},[57,86629,640],{"class":93},[20,86631,86632,86633,86636,86637,86639],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86634,86635],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86638,9440],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[43,86641,2075],{"id":2074},[572,86643,2112,86645,5377],{"id":86644},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86646,84459],{},[20,86648,86649],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[572,86651,5402,86653,84639],{"id":86652},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86654,84459],{},[20,86656,86657],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[572,86659,71873],{"id":71872},[20,86661,86662,52729,86664,84651,86666,36862],{},[15,86663,84459],{},[15,86665,40944],{},[15,86667,83160],{},[572,86669,2112,86671,86673,86674,2085],{"id":86670},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86672,15073],{}," do in ",[15,86675,84459],{},[20,86677,86678,86680,86681,86683],{},[15,86679,15073],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86682,83713],{}," compares strings by length.",[572,86685,2079,86687,2082,86689,2085],{"id":86686},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86688,84459],{},[15,86690,74651],{},[20,86692,86693,86695,86696,86698],{},[15,86694,84459],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86697,74651],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[43,86700,2132],{"id":2131},[30,86702,86703,86709,86715,86721,86725,86729],{},[33,86704,86705],{},[293,86706,86707,3742],{"href":86485},[15,86708,82805],{},[33,86710,86711],{},[293,86712,86713,3742],{"href":74748},[15,86714,74651],{},[33,86716,86717],{},[293,86718,86719,3742],{"href":42598},[15,86720,42601],{},[33,86722,86723],{},[293,86724,80097],{"href":78602},[33,86726,86727],{},[293,86728,59189],{"href":59188},[33,86730,86731],{},[293,86732,66070],{"href":73105},[2161,86734,86735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":86737},[86738,86739,86741,86747,86749,86751,86756,86758,86764,86766,86767,86778],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":84942,"depth":82,"text":86740},"What min() does",{"id":84963,"depth":82,"text":84964,"children":86742},[86743,86744,86745,86746],{"id":85048,"depth":115,"text":85051},{"id":85110,"depth":115,"text":85113},{"id":85160,"depth":115,"text":85163},{"id":85254,"depth":115,"text":85257},{"id":85316,"depth":82,"text":86748},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85451,"depth":82,"text":86750},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85598,"depth":82,"text":86752,"children":86753},"Using min() with a key function",[86754,86755],{"id":85626,"depth":115,"text":85627},{"id":85700,"depth":115,"text":85701},{"id":85922,"depth":82,"text":86757},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10977,"depth":82,"text":10978,"children":86759},[86760,86762,86763],{"id":86064,"depth":115,"text":86761},"Empty list without default",{"id":86154,"depth":115,"text":86155},{"id":86307,"depth":115,"text":86308},{"id":86454,"depth":82,"text":86765},"When to use min()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":86768},[86769,86771,86773,86774,86776],{"id":86644,"depth":115,"text":86770},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86652,"depth":115,"text":86772},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71872,"depth":115,"text":71873},{"id":86670,"depth":115,"text":86775},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86686,"depth":115,"text":86777},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84825,"description":86779},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86786,"title":86787,"body":86788,"description":88966,"extension":2201,"meta":88967,"navigation":217,"path":88968,"seo":88969,"stem":88970,"__hash__":88971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86789,"toc":88930},[86790,86793,86799,86805,86807,86888,86897,86901,86906,86908,86953,86955,87035,87041,87043,87046,87078,87080,87098,87100,87173,87175,87194,87198,87201,87237,87239,87306,87379,87452,87457,87461,87467,87470,87487,87490,87492,87553,87555,87575,87581,87585,87588,87658,87661,87680,87685,87761,87764,87768,87774,87778,87783,87853,87857,87862,87936,87940,87943,88018,88029,88033,88038,88128,88133,88201,88204,88223,88234,88238,88241,88246,88249,88311,88314,88325,88330,88333,88336,88341,88344,88347,88351,88354,88360,88363,88374,88376,88438,88453,88459,88462,88465,88476,88487,88493,88496,88498,88560,88570,88576,88581,88587,88591,88597,88600,88621,88623,88628,88655,88658,88685,88688,88727,88730,88768,88771,88832,88835,88837,88841,88844,88848,88854,88862,88870,88874,88877,88881,88887,88889,88927],[10,86791,86787],{"id":86792},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86794,86795,86798],{},[15,86796,86797],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86800,86801,86802,86804],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86803,86797],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[43,86806,46],{"id":45},[48,86808,86810],{"className":50,"code":86809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86811,86812,86861,86877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86813,86814,86817,86820,86822,86824,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86842,86844,86846,86849,86851,86853,86855,86859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86815,86816],{"class":4110},"with",[57,86818,86819],{"class":118}," open",[57,86821,101],{"class":93},[57,86823,104],{"class":71},[57,86825,86826],{"class":75},"example.txt",[57,86828,104],{"class":71},[57,86830,107],{"class":93},[57,86832,72],{"class":71},[57,86834,60739],{"class":75},[57,86836,104],{"class":71},[57,86838,107],{"class":93},[57,86840,86841],{"class":9411}," encoding",[57,86843,68],{"class":67},[57,86845,104],{"class":71},[57,86847,86848],{"class":75},"utf-8",[57,86850,104],{"class":71},[57,86852,3896],{"class":93},[57,86854,47594],{"class":4110},[57,86856,86858],{"class":86857},"sMMDD"," file",[57,86860,6628],{"class":93},[57,86862,86863,86866,86868,86870,86872,86875],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,86864,86865],{"class":63},"    content ",[57,86867,68],{"class":67},[57,86869,86858],{"class":86857},[57,86871,94],{"class":93},[57,86873,86874],{"class":97},"read",[57,86876,212],{"class":93},[57,86878,86879,86881,86883,86886],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,86880,8304],{"class":118},[57,86882,101],{"class":93},[57,86884,86885],{"class":97},"content",[57,86887,112],{"class":93},[20,86889,136,86890,86892,86893,86896],{},[15,86891,86816],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86894,86895],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[43,86898,86900],{"id":86899},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86902,86903,86905],{},[15,86904,86797],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86907,11690],{},[30,86909,86910,86913,86918,86923],{},[33,86911,86912],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86914,41146,86915,86917],{},[153,86916,175],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86919,17656,86920],{},[153,86921,86922],{},"file object",[33,86924,86925,86926],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86927,86928,86933,86938,86943,86948],{},[33,86929,86930],{},[15,86931,86932],{},"read()",[33,86934,86935],{},[15,86936,86937],{},"readline()",[33,86939,86940],{},[15,86941,86942],{},"readlines()",[33,86944,86945],{},[15,86946,86947],{},"write()",[33,86949,86950],{},[15,86951,86952],{},"close()",[20,86954,179],{},[48,86956,86958],{"className":50,"code":86957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86959,86960,86999,87014,87024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86961,86962,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86963,86964],{"class":86857},"file",[57,86966,13507],{"class":67},[57,86968,86819],{"class":118},[57,86970,101],{"class":93},[57,86972,104],{"class":71},[57,86974,86826],{"class":75},[57,86976,104],{"class":71},[57,86978,107],{"class":93},[57,86980,72],{"class":71},[57,86982,60739],{"class":75},[57,86984,104],{"class":71},[57,86986,107],{"class":93},[57,86988,86841],{"class":9411},[57,86990,68],{"class":67},[57,86992,104],{"class":71},[57,86994,86848],{"class":75},[57,86996,104],{"class":71},[57,86998,112],{"class":93},[57,87000,87001,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87002,87003],{"class":63},"content ",[57,87005,68],{"class":67},[57,87007,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87009,94],{"class":93},[57,87011,86874],{"class":97},[57,87013,212],{"class":93},[57,87015,87016,87018,87020,87022],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87017,119],{"class":118},[57,87019,101],{"class":93},[57,87021,86885],{"class":97},[57,87023,112],{"class":93},[57,87025,87026,87028,87030,87033],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,87027,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87029,94],{"class":93},[57,87031,87032],{"class":97},"close",[57,87034,212],{"class":93},[20,87036,87037,87038,87040],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87039,86816],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[43,87042,300],{"id":299},[20,87044,87045],{},"A common form is:",[48,87047,87049],{"className":50,"code":87048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87050,87051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87052,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87054,42667],{"class":118},[57,87056,101],{"class":93},[57,87058,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87060,107],{"class":93},[57,87062,87063],{"class":97}," mode",[57,87065,107],{"class":93},[57,87067,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87069,68],{"class":67},[57,87071,104],{"class":71},[57,87073,86848],{"class":75},[57,87075,104],{"class":71},[57,87077,112],{"class":93},[20,87079,65276],{},[30,87081,87082,87087,87092],{},[33,87083,87084,87086],{},[15,87085,86964],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,87088,87089,87091],{},[15,87090,21154],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,87093,87094,87097],{},[15,87095,87096],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87099,179],{},[48,87101,87103],{"className":50,"code":87102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87104,87105,87148,87163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87106,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87108,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87110,86819],{"class":118},[57,87112,101],{"class":93},[57,87114,104],{"class":71},[57,87116,87117],{"class":75},"notes.txt",[57,87119,104],{"class":71},[57,87121,107],{"class":93},[57,87123,72],{"class":71},[57,87125,60739],{"class":75},[57,87127,104],{"class":71},[57,87129,107],{"class":93},[57,87131,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87133,68],{"class":67},[57,87135,104],{"class":71},[57,87137,86848],{"class":75},[57,87139,104],{"class":71},[57,87141,3896],{"class":93},[57,87143,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87145,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87147,6628],{"class":93},[57,87149,87150,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87151,87152],{"class":63},"    text ",[57,87154,68],{"class":67},[57,87156,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87158,94],{"class":93},[57,87160,86874],{"class":97},[57,87162,212],{"class":93},[57,87164,87165,87167,87169,87171],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87166,8304],{"class":118},[57,87168,101],{"class":93},[57,87170,227],{"class":97},[57,87172,112],{"class":93},[20,87174,20192],{},[30,87176,87177,87183,87188],{},[33,87178,87179,87182],{},[15,87180,87181],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,87184,87185,87187],{},[15,87186,86895],{}," means open for reading",[33,87189,87190,87193],{},[15,87191,87192],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[43,87195,87197],{"id":87196},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87199,87200],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,87202,87203,87208,87214,87219,87225,87231],{},[33,87204,87205,87207],{},[15,87206,86895],{}," = read a text file",[33,87209,87210,87213],{},[15,87211,87212],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,87215,87216,87218],{},[15,87217,18330],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,87220,87221,87224],{},[15,87222,87223],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,87226,87227,87230],{},[15,87228,87229],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,87232,87233,87236],{},[15,87234,87235],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87238,2361],{},[48,87240,87242],{"className":50,"code":87241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87243,87244,87249,87292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87245,87246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87247,87248],{"class":132},"# Read a text file\n",[57,87250,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87252,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87254,86819],{"class":118},[57,87256,101],{"class":93},[57,87258,104],{"class":71},[57,87260,87261],{"class":75},"data.txt",[57,87263,104],{"class":71},[57,87265,107],{"class":93},[57,87267,72],{"class":71},[57,87269,60739],{"class":75},[57,87271,104],{"class":71},[57,87273,107],{"class":93},[57,87275,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87277,68],{"class":67},[57,87279,104],{"class":71},[57,87281,86848],{"class":75},[57,87283,104],{"class":71},[57,87285,3896],{"class":93},[57,87287,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87289,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87291,6628],{"class":93},[57,87293,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87295,8304],{"class":118},[57,87297,101],{"class":93},[57,87299,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87301,94],{"class":93},[57,87303,86874],{"class":97},[57,87305,383],{"class":93},[48,87307,87309],{"className":50,"code":87308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87310,87311,87316,87358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87312,87313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87314,87315],{"class":132},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[57,87317,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87319,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87321,86819],{"class":118},[57,87323,101],{"class":93},[57,87325,104],{"class":71},[57,87327,87261],{"class":75},[57,87329,104],{"class":71},[57,87331,107],{"class":93},[57,87333,72],{"class":71},[57,87335,60722],{"class":75},[57,87337,104],{"class":71},[57,87339,107],{"class":93},[57,87341,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87343,68],{"class":67},[57,87345,104],{"class":71},[57,87347,86848],{"class":75},[57,87349,104],{"class":71},[57,87351,3896],{"class":93},[57,87353,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87355,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87357,6628],{"class":93},[57,87359,87360,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87361,87362],{"class":86857},"    file",[57,87364,94],{"class":93},[57,87366,70422],{"class":97},[57,87368,101],{"class":93},[57,87370,104],{"class":71},[57,87372,35105],{"class":75},[57,87374,479],{"class":472},[57,87376,104],{"class":71},[57,87378,112],{"class":93},[48,87380,87382],{"className":50,"code":87381,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87383,87384,87389,87431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87385,87386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87387,87388],{"class":132},"# Append to a text file\n",[57,87390,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87392,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87394,86819],{"class":118},[57,87396,101],{"class":93},[57,87398,104],{"class":71},[57,87400,87261],{"class":75},[57,87402,104],{"class":71},[57,87404,107],{"class":93},[57,87406,72],{"class":71},[57,87408,293],{"class":75},[57,87410,104],{"class":71},[57,87412,107],{"class":93},[57,87414,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87416,68],{"class":67},[57,87418,104],{"class":71},[57,87420,86848],{"class":75},[57,87422,104],{"class":71},[57,87424,3896],{"class":93},[57,87426,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87428,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87430,6628],{"class":93},[57,87432,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87446,87448,87450],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87434,87362],{"class":86857},[57,87436,94],{"class":93},[57,87438,70422],{"class":97},[57,87440,101],{"class":93},[57,87442,104],{"class":71},[57,87444,87445],{"class":75},"Another line",[57,87447,479],{"class":472},[57,87449,104],{"class":71},[57,87451,112],{"class":93},[20,87453,69575,87454,87456],{},[15,87455,87212],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[43,87458,87460],{"id":87459},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87462,87463,22211,87465,94],{},[15,87464,86797],{},[153,87466,86922],{},[20,87468,87469],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87471,87472,87477,87482],{},[33,87473,87474],{},[15,87475,87476],{},"file.read()",[33,87478,87479],{},[15,87480,87481],{},"file.write()",[33,87483,87484],{},[15,87485,87486],{},"file.close()",[20,87488,87489],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87491,179],{},[48,87493,87495],{"className":50,"code":87494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87496,87497,87539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87498,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87500,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87502,86819],{"class":118},[57,87504,101],{"class":93},[57,87506,104],{"class":71},[57,87508,86826],{"class":75},[57,87510,104],{"class":71},[57,87512,107],{"class":93},[57,87514,72],{"class":71},[57,87516,60739],{"class":75},[57,87518,104],{"class":71},[57,87520,107],{"class":93},[57,87522,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87524,68],{"class":67},[57,87526,104],{"class":71},[57,87528,86848],{"class":75},[57,87530,104],{"class":71},[57,87532,3896],{"class":93},[57,87534,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87536,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87538,6628],{"class":93},[57,87540,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87542,8304],{"class":118},[57,87544,101],{"class":93},[57,87546,1257],{"class":1256},[57,87548,101],{"class":93},[57,87550,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87552,640],{"class":93},[20,87554,30268],{},[48,87556,87558],{"className":50,"code":87557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87559,87560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87561,87562,87564,87566,87568,87571,87573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87563,1323],{"class":67},[57,87565,1327],{"class":1326},[57,87567,271],{"class":71},[57,87569,87570],{"class":75},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[57,87572,261],{"class":71},[57,87574,1336],{"class":67},[20,87576,87577,87578,87580],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87579,86797],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[43,87582,87584],{"id":87583},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87586,87587],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[48,87589,87590],{"className":50,"code":86809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87591,87592,87634,87648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87593,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87595,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87597,86819],{"class":118},[57,87599,101],{"class":93},[57,87601,104],{"class":71},[57,87603,86826],{"class":75},[57,87605,104],{"class":71},[57,87607,107],{"class":93},[57,87609,72],{"class":71},[57,87611,60739],{"class":75},[57,87613,104],{"class":71},[57,87615,107],{"class":93},[57,87617,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87619,68],{"class":67},[57,87621,104],{"class":71},[57,87623,86848],{"class":75},[57,87625,104],{"class":71},[57,87627,3896],{"class":93},[57,87629,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87631,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87633,6628],{"class":93},[57,87635,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87637,86865],{"class":63},[57,87639,68],{"class":67},[57,87641,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87643,94],{"class":93},[57,87645,86874],{"class":97},[57,87647,212],{"class":93},[57,87649,87650,87652,87654,87656],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87651,8304],{"class":118},[57,87653,101],{"class":93},[57,87655,86885],{"class":97},[57,87657,112],{"class":93},[20,87659,87660],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87662,87663,87668,87674,87677],{},[33,87664,87665,87667],{},[15,87666,86816],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87669,87670,87671,87673],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87672,86952],{}," yourself",[33,87675,87676],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87678,87679],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87681,83976,87682,87684],{},[15,87683,86816],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[48,87686,87687],{"className":50,"code":86957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87688,87689,87727,87741,87751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87690,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87692,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87694,13507],{"class":67},[57,87696,86819],{"class":118},[57,87698,101],{"class":93},[57,87700,104],{"class":71},[57,87702,86826],{"class":75},[57,87704,104],{"class":71},[57,87706,107],{"class":93},[57,87708,72],{"class":71},[57,87710,60739],{"class":75},[57,87712,104],{"class":71},[57,87714,107],{"class":93},[57,87716,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87718,68],{"class":67},[57,87720,104],{"class":71},[57,87722,86848],{"class":75},[57,87724,104],{"class":71},[57,87726,112],{"class":93},[57,87728,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87730,87003],{"class":63},[57,87732,68],{"class":67},[57,87734,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87736,94],{"class":93},[57,87738,86874],{"class":97},[57,87740,212],{"class":93},[57,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87744,119],{"class":118},[57,87746,101],{"class":93},[57,87748,86885],{"class":97},[57,87750,112],{"class":93},[57,87752,87753,87755,87757,87759],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,87754,86964],{"class":86857},[57,87756,94],{"class":93},[57,87758,87032],{"class":97},[57,87760,212],{"class":93},[20,87762,87763],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[43,87765,87767],{"id":87766},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87769,87770,87771,87773],{},"Use mode ",[15,87772,86895],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[572,87775,87777],{"id":87776},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87779,87780,87782],{},[15,87781,86932],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[48,87784,87785],{"className":50,"code":86809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87786,87787,87829,87843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87788,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87790,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87792,86819],{"class":118},[57,87794,101],{"class":93},[57,87796,104],{"class":71},[57,87798,86826],{"class":75},[57,87800,104],{"class":71},[57,87802,107],{"class":93},[57,87804,72],{"class":71},[57,87806,60739],{"class":75},[57,87808,104],{"class":71},[57,87810,107],{"class":93},[57,87812,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87814,68],{"class":67},[57,87816,104],{"class":71},[57,87818,86848],{"class":75},[57,87820,104],{"class":71},[57,87822,3896],{"class":93},[57,87824,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87826,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87828,6628],{"class":93},[57,87830,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87832,86865],{"class":63},[57,87834,68],{"class":67},[57,87836,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87838,94],{"class":93},[57,87840,86874],{"class":97},[57,87842,212],{"class":93},[57,87844,87845,87847,87849,87851],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87846,8304],{"class":118},[57,87848,101],{"class":93},[57,87850,86885],{"class":97},[57,87852,112],{"class":93},[572,87854,87856],{"id":87855},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87858,87859,87861],{},[15,87860,86937],{}," reads one line at a time.",[48,87863,87865],{"className":50,"code":87864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87866,87867,87909,87925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87868,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87870,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87872,86819],{"class":118},[57,87874,101],{"class":93},[57,87876,104],{"class":71},[57,87878,86826],{"class":75},[57,87880,104],{"class":71},[57,87882,107],{"class":93},[57,87884,72],{"class":71},[57,87886,60739],{"class":75},[57,87888,104],{"class":71},[57,87890,107],{"class":93},[57,87892,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87894,68],{"class":67},[57,87896,104],{"class":71},[57,87898,86848],{"class":75},[57,87900,104],{"class":71},[57,87902,3896],{"class":93},[57,87904,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87906,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87908,6628],{"class":93},[57,87910,87911,87914,87916,87918,87920,87923],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87912,87913],{"class":63},"    first_line ",[57,87915,68],{"class":67},[57,87917,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87919,94],{"class":93},[57,87921,87922],{"class":97},"readline",[57,87924,212],{"class":93},[57,87926,87927,87929,87931,87934],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,87928,8304],{"class":118},[57,87930,101],{"class":93},[57,87932,87933],{"class":97},"first_line",[57,87935,112],{"class":93},[572,87937,87939],{"id":87938},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87941,87942],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[48,87944,87946],{"className":50,"code":87945,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87947,87948,87990,88004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87949,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982,87984,87986,87988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87951,86816],{"class":4110},[57,87953,86819],{"class":118},[57,87955,101],{"class":93},[57,87957,104],{"class":71},[57,87959,86826],{"class":75},[57,87961,104],{"class":71},[57,87963,107],{"class":93},[57,87965,72],{"class":71},[57,87967,60739],{"class":75},[57,87969,104],{"class":71},[57,87971,107],{"class":93},[57,87973,86841],{"class":9411},[57,87975,68],{"class":67},[57,87977,104],{"class":71},[57,87979,86848],{"class":75},[57,87981,104],{"class":71},[57,87983,3896],{"class":93},[57,87985,47594],{"class":4110},[57,87987,86858],{"class":86857},[57,87989,6628],{"class":93},[57,87991,87992,87995,87998,88000,88002],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,87993,87994],{"class":4110},"    for",[57,87996,87997],{"class":63}," line ",[57,87999,4117],{"class":4110},[57,88001,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88003,6628],{"class":93},[57,88005,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,88007,47574],{"class":118},[57,88009,101],{"class":93},[57,88011,59],{"class":97},[57,88013,94],{"class":93},[57,88015,8870],{"class":97},[57,88017,383],{"class":93},[20,88019,88020,88021,3114,88025,94],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[293,88022,88024],{"href":88023},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[293,88026,88028],{"href":88027},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[43,88030,88032],{"id":88031},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88034,136,88035,88037],{},[15,88036,87212],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[48,88039,88041],{"className":50,"code":88040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88042,88043,88086,88107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88044,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88046,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88048,86819],{"class":118},[57,88050,101],{"class":93},[57,88052,104],{"class":71},[57,88054,88055],{"class":75},"output.txt",[57,88057,104],{"class":71},[57,88059,107],{"class":93},[57,88061,72],{"class":71},[57,88063,60722],{"class":75},[57,88065,104],{"class":71},[57,88067,107],{"class":93},[57,88069,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88071,68],{"class":67},[57,88073,104],{"class":71},[57,88075,86848],{"class":75},[57,88077,104],{"class":71},[57,88079,3896],{"class":93},[57,88081,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88083,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88085,6628],{"class":93},[57,88087,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88101,88103,88105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88089,87362],{"class":86857},[57,88091,94],{"class":93},[57,88093,70422],{"class":97},[57,88095,101],{"class":93},[57,88097,104],{"class":71},[57,88099,88100],{"class":75},"First line",[57,88102,479],{"class":472},[57,88104,104],{"class":71},[57,88106,112],{"class":93},[57,88108,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88122,88124,88126],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,88110,87362],{"class":86857},[57,88112,94],{"class":93},[57,88114,70422],{"class":97},[57,88116,101],{"class":93},[57,88118,104],{"class":71},[57,88120,88121],{"class":75},"Second line",[57,88123,479],{"class":472},[57,88125,104],{"class":71},[57,88127,112],{"class":93},[20,88129,136,88130,88132],{},[15,88131,18330],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[48,88134,88136],{"className":50,"code":88135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88137,88138,88180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88139,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88141,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88143,86819],{"class":118},[57,88145,101],{"class":93},[57,88147,104],{"class":71},[57,88149,88055],{"class":75},[57,88151,104],{"class":71},[57,88153,107],{"class":93},[57,88155,72],{"class":71},[57,88157,293],{"class":75},[57,88159,104],{"class":71},[57,88161,107],{"class":93},[57,88163,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88165,68],{"class":67},[57,88167,104],{"class":71},[57,88169,86848],{"class":75},[57,88171,104],{"class":71},[57,88173,3896],{"class":93},[57,88175,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88177,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88179,6628],{"class":93},[57,88181,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88195,88197,88199],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88183,87362],{"class":86857},[57,88185,94],{"class":93},[57,88187,70422],{"class":97},[57,88189,101],{"class":93},[57,88191,104],{"class":71},[57,88193,88194],{"class":75},"Third line",[57,88196,479],{"class":472},[57,88198,104],{"class":71},[57,88200,112],{"class":93},[20,88202,88203],{},"Important detail:",[30,88205,88206,88211,88218],{},[33,88207,88208,88210],{},[15,88209,86947],{}," writes a string",[33,88212,88213,14285,88215,88217],{},[15,88214,86947],{},[153,88216,175],{}," add a newline for you",[33,88219,88220,88221,87673],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88222,479],{},[20,88224,88225,88226,3114,88230,94],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[293,88227,88229],{"href":88228},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[293,88231,88233],{"href":88232},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[43,88235,88237],{"id":88236},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88239,88240],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[572,88242,88244],{"id":88243},"encodingutf-8",[15,88245,87192],{},[20,88247,88248],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[48,88250,88252],{"className":50,"code":88251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88253,88254,88297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88255,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88257,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88259,86819],{"class":118},[57,88261,101],{"class":93},[57,88263,104],{"class":71},[57,88265,88266],{"class":75},"message.txt",[57,88268,104],{"class":71},[57,88270,107],{"class":93},[57,88272,72],{"class":71},[57,88274,60739],{"class":75},[57,88276,104],{"class":71},[57,88278,107],{"class":93},[57,88280,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88282,68],{"class":67},[57,88284,104],{"class":71},[57,88286,86848],{"class":75},[57,88288,104],{"class":71},[57,88290,3896],{"class":93},[57,88292,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88294,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88296,6628],{"class":93},[57,88298,88299,88301,88303,88305,88307,88309],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88300,8304],{"class":118},[57,88302,101],{"class":93},[57,88304,86964],{"class":86857},[57,88306,94],{"class":93},[57,88308,86874],{"class":97},[57,88310,383],{"class":93},[20,88312,88313],{},"Why it matters:",[30,88315,88316,88319,88322],{},[33,88317,88318],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,88320,88321],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,88323,88324],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[572,88326,88328],{"id":88327},"newline",[15,88329,88327],{},[20,88331,88332],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88334,88335],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[572,88337,88339],{"id":88338},"buffering",[15,88340,88338],{},[20,88342,88343],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88345,88346],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[43,88348,88350],{"id":88349},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88352,88353],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[572,88355,88357],{"id":88356},"filenotfounderror",[15,88358,88359],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88361,88362],{},"This happens when:",[30,88364,88365,88368,88371],{},[33,88366,88367],{},"the file does not exist",[33,88369,88370],{},"the path is wrong",[33,88372,88373],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88375,179],{},[48,88377,88379],{"className":50,"code":88378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88380,88381,88424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88382,88383,88385,88387,88389,88391,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88384,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88386,86819],{"class":118},[57,88388,101],{"class":93},[57,88390,104],{"class":71},[57,88392,88393],{"class":75},"missing.txt",[57,88395,104],{"class":71},[57,88397,107],{"class":93},[57,88399,72],{"class":71},[57,88401,60739],{"class":75},[57,88403,104],{"class":71},[57,88405,107],{"class":93},[57,88407,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88409,68],{"class":67},[57,88411,104],{"class":71},[57,88413,86848],{"class":75},[57,88415,104],{"class":71},[57,88417,3896],{"class":93},[57,88419,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88421,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88423,6628],{"class":93},[57,88425,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88427,8304],{"class":118},[57,88429,101],{"class":93},[57,88431,86964],{"class":86857},[57,88433,94],{"class":93},[57,88435,86874],{"class":97},[57,88437,383],{"class":93},[20,88439,88440,88441,2082,88449,94],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[293,88442,88444,88445,88448],{"href":88443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[57,88446,88447],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[293,88450,88452],{"href":88451},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[572,88454,88456],{"id":88455},"permissionerror",[15,88457,88458],{},"PermissionError",[20,88460,88461],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88463,88464],{},"Example causes:",[30,88466,88467,88470,88473],{},[33,88468,88469],{},"the file is protected",[33,88471,88472],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88474,88475],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88477,88478,88479],{},"Related page: ",[293,88480,88482,88483,88486],{"href":88481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[57,88484,88485],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[572,88488,88490],{"id":88489},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88491,88492],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88494,88495],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88497,179],{},[48,88499,88501],{"className":50,"code":88500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88502,88503,88546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88504,88505,88507,88509,88511,88513,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88506,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88508,86819],{"class":118},[57,88510,101],{"class":93},[57,88512,104],{"class":71},[57,88514,88515],{"class":75},"my_folder",[57,88517,104],{"class":71},[57,88519,107],{"class":93},[57,88521,72],{"class":71},[57,88523,60739],{"class":75},[57,88525,104],{"class":71},[57,88527,107],{"class":93},[57,88529,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88531,68],{"class":67},[57,88533,104],{"class":71},[57,88535,86848],{"class":75},[57,88537,104],{"class":71},[57,88539,3896],{"class":93},[57,88541,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88543,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88545,6628],{"class":93},[57,88547,88548,88550,88552,88554,88556,88558],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88549,8304],{"class":118},[57,88551,101],{"class":93},[57,88553,86964],{"class":86857},[57,88555,94],{"class":93},[57,88557,86874],{"class":97},[57,88559,383],{"class":93},[20,88561,88478,88562],{},[293,88563,88565,88566,88569],{"href":88564},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[57,88567,88568],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[572,88571,88573],{"id":88572},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88574,88575],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88577,88578,88579,94],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88580,86797],{},[20,88582,88478,88583],{},[293,88584,88586],{"href":88585},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[43,88588,88590],{"id":88589},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88592,88593,88594,88596],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88595,86797],{}," function.",[20,88598,88599],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88601,88602,88605,88608,88614],{},[33,88603,88604],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88606,88607],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88609,88610,88611,88613],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88612,86797],{}," itself",[33,88615,88616,88617],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[293,88618,88620],{"href":88619},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[43,88622,1673],{"id":1672},[20,88624,88625,88626,1016],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88627,86797],{},[30,88629,88630,88635,88641,88646,88649,88652],{},[33,88631,425,88632,88634],{},[15,88633,86895],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88636,88637,88638,88640],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88639,87096],{}," for text files",[33,88642,425,88643,88645],{},[15,88644,87212],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88647,88648],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88650,88651],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88653,88654],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88656,88657],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[48,88659,88661],{"className":50,"code":88660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88662,88663,88670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88664,88665,88667],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88666,35329],{"class":4110},[57,88668,88669],{"class":63}," os\n",[57,88671,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88683],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88673,119],{"class":118},[57,88675,101],{"class":93},[57,88677,42866],{"class":97},[57,88679,94],{"class":93},[57,88681,88682],{"class":97},"getcwd",[57,88684,383],{"class":93},[20,88686,88687],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[48,88689,88691],{"className":50,"code":88690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88692,88693,88699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88694,88695,88697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88696,35329],{"class":4110},[57,88698,88669],{"class":63},[57,88700,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709,88712,88714,88717,88719,88721,88723,88725],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88702,119],{"class":118},[57,88704,101],{"class":93},[57,88706,42866],{"class":97},[57,88708,94],{"class":93},[57,88710,88711],{"class":24987},"path",[57,88713,94],{"class":93},[57,88715,88716],{"class":97},"exists",[57,88718,101],{"class":93},[57,88720,104],{"class":71},[57,88722,86826],{"class":75},[57,88724,104],{"class":71},[57,88726,640],{"class":93},[20,88728,88729],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[48,88731,88733],{"className":50,"code":88732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88734,88735,88741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88736,88737,88739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88738,35329],{"class":4110},[57,88740,88669],{"class":63},[57,88742,88743,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755,88758,88760,88762,88764,88766],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88744,119],{"class":118},[57,88746,101],{"class":93},[57,88748,42866],{"class":97},[57,88750,94],{"class":93},[57,88752,88711],{"class":24987},[57,88754,94],{"class":93},[57,88756,88757],{"class":97},"isfile",[57,88759,101],{"class":93},[57,88761,104],{"class":71},[57,88763,86826],{"class":75},[57,88765,104],{"class":71},[57,88767,640],{"class":93},[20,88769,88770],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[48,88772,88774],{"className":50,"code":88773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88775,88776,88818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88777,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810,88812,88814,88816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88779,86816],{"class":4110},[57,88781,86819],{"class":118},[57,88783,101],{"class":93},[57,88785,104],{"class":71},[57,88787,86826],{"class":75},[57,88789,104],{"class":71},[57,88791,107],{"class":93},[57,88793,72],{"class":71},[57,88795,60739],{"class":75},[57,88797,104],{"class":71},[57,88799,107],{"class":93},[57,88801,86841],{"class":9411},[57,88803,68],{"class":67},[57,88805,104],{"class":71},[57,88807,86848],{"class":75},[57,88809,104],{"class":71},[57,88811,3896],{"class":93},[57,88813,47594],{"class":4110},[57,88815,86858],{"class":86857},[57,88817,6628],{"class":93},[57,88819,88820,88822,88824,88826,88828,88830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,88821,8304],{"class":118},[57,88823,101],{"class":93},[57,88825,86964],{"class":86857},[57,88827,94],{"class":93},[57,88829,86874],{"class":97},[57,88831,383],{"class":93},[20,88833,88834],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[43,88836,2075],{"id":2074},[572,88838,88840],{"id":88839},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88842,88843],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[572,88845,88847],{"id":88846},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88849,88850,88851,88853],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88852,86816],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[572,88855,2079,88857,2082,88859,88861],{"id":88856},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88858,87212],{},[15,88860,18330],{}," mode?",[20,88863,88864,88866,88867,88869],{},[15,88865,87212],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88868,18330],{}," adds new content to the end.",[572,88871,88873],{"id":88872},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88875,88876],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[572,88878,88880],{"id":88879},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88882,88883,88884,88886],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88885,87192],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[43,88888,2132],{"id":2131},[30,88890,88891,88895,88899,88903,88907,88911,88915,88921],{},[33,88892,88893],{},[293,88894,88024],{"href":88023},[33,88896,88897],{},[293,88898,88229],{"href":88228},[33,88900,88901],{},[293,88902,88233],{"href":88232},[33,88904,88905],{},[293,88906,88028],{"href":88027},[33,88908,88909],{},[293,88910,88620],{"href":88619},[33,88912,88913],{},[293,88914,88452],{"href":88451},[33,88916,88917],{},[293,88918,88444,88919,88448],{"href":88443},[57,88920,88447],{},[33,88922,88923],{},[293,88924,88482,88925,88486],{"href":88481},[57,88926,88485],{},[2161,88928,88929],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":88931},[88932,88933,88934,88935,88936,88937,88938,88943,88944,88949,88955,88956,88957,88965],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":86899,"depth":82,"text":86900},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":87196,"depth":82,"text":87197},{"id":87459,"depth":82,"text":87460},{"id":87583,"depth":82,"text":87584},{"id":87766,"depth":82,"text":87767,"children":88939},[88940,88941,88942],{"id":87776,"depth":115,"text":87777},{"id":87855,"depth":115,"text":87856},{"id":87938,"depth":115,"text":87939},{"id":88031,"depth":82,"text":88032},{"id":88236,"depth":82,"text":88237,"children":88945},[88946,88947,88948],{"id":88243,"depth":115,"text":87192},{"id":88327,"depth":115,"text":88327},{"id":88338,"depth":115,"text":88338},{"id":88349,"depth":82,"text":88350,"children":88950},[88951,88952,88953,88954],{"id":88356,"depth":115,"text":88359},{"id":88455,"depth":115,"text":88458},{"id":88489,"depth":115,"text":88492},{"id":88572,"depth":115,"text":88575},{"id":88589,"depth":82,"text":88590},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":88958},[88959,88960,88961,88963,88964],{"id":88839,"depth":115,"text":88840},{"id":88846,"depth":115,"text":88847},{"id":88856,"depth":115,"text":88962},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88872,"depth":115,"text":88873},{"id":88879,"depth":115,"text":88880},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86787,"description":88966},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88973,"title":88974,"body":88975,"description":90970,"extension":2201,"meta":90971,"navigation":217,"path":90972,"seo":90973,"stem":90974,"__hash__":90975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88976,"toc":90917},[88977,88982,88987,88993,88995,89063,89065,89084,89089,89094,89099,89102,89114,89116,89159,89161,89179,89190,89192,89194,89219,89221,89232,89234,89294,89296,89322,89325,89329,89334,89338,89341,89375,89379,89382,89407,89411,89434,89438,89471,89476,89480,89485,89488,89556,89558,89582,89587,89590,89621,89623,89655,89672,89676,89681,89705,89712,89717,89722,89725,89729,89764,89766,89775,89779,89870,89872,89903,89908,89915,89920,89929,89932,89966,89968,89982,89986,90027,90029,90038,90042,90090,90092,90106,90111,90122,90129,90135,90137,90172,90174,90188,90191,90213,90219,90248,90259,90265,90271,90285,90287,90366,90368,90418,90425,90427,90432,90436,90439,90454,90459,90461,90480,90486,90489,90504,90506,90524,90530,90535,90565,90568,90591,90594,90621,90628,90634,90642,90665,90670,90678,90680,90700,90704,90710,90760,90763,90785,90787,90793,90801,90807,90813,90821,90826,90830,90833,90856,90861,90868,90880,90882,90914],[10,88978,3809,88980,3813],{"id":88979},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88981,46688],{},[20,88983,32557,88984,88986],{},[15,88985,46688],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88988,88989,88990,88992],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88991,46688],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[43,88994,46],{"id":45},[48,88996,88998],{"className":50,"code":88997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88999,89000,89012,89021,89025,89035,89045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89003,8112],{"class":63},[57,89005,68],{"class":67},[57,89007,72],{"class":71},[57,89009,8156],{"class":75},[57,89011,79],{"class":71},[57,89013,89014,89016,89018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89015,21864],{"class":63},[57,89017,68],{"class":67},[57,89019,89020],{"class":1023}," 12\n",[57,89022,89023],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89024,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,89026,89027,89029,89031,89033],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,89028,119],{"class":118},[57,89030,101],{"class":93},[57,89032,1056],{"class":97},[57,89034,112],{"class":93},[57,89036,89037,89039,89041,89043],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,89038,119],{"class":118},[57,89040,101],{"class":93},[57,89042,1065],{"class":97},[57,89044,112],{"class":93},[57,89046,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,89048,119],{"class":118},[57,89050,101],{"class":93},[57,89052,104],{"class":71},[57,89054,35105],{"class":75},[57,89056,104],{"class":71},[57,89058,107],{"class":93},[57,89060,36231],{"class":97},[57,89062,112],{"class":93},[20,89064,243],{},[48,89066,89068],{"className":50,"code":89067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89069,89070,89075,89079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89071,89072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89073,89074],{"class":63},"Mia\n",[57,89076,89077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89078,2458],{"class":1023},[57,89080,89081],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89082,89083],{"class":63},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89085,136,89086,89088],{},[15,89087,46688],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[43,89090,143,89092,146],{"id":89091},"what-print-does",[15,89093,46688],{},[20,89095,89096,89098],{},[15,89097,46688],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89100,89101],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,89103,89104,89106,89108,89111],{},[33,89105,227],{},[33,89107,3883],{},[33,89109,89110],{},"variables",[33,89112,89113],{},"expressions",[20,89115,179],{},[48,89117,89119],{"className":50,"code":89118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89120,89121,89135,89145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89122,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131,89133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89124,119],{"class":118},[57,89126,101],{"class":93},[57,89128,104],{"class":71},[57,89130,35105],{"class":75},[57,89132,104],{"class":71},[57,89134,112],{"class":93},[57,89136,89137,89139,89141,89143],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89138,119],{"class":118},[57,89140,101],{"class":93},[57,89142,2372],{"class":1023},[57,89144,112],{"class":93},[57,89146,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89148,119],{"class":118},[57,89150,101],{"class":93},[57,89152,1931],{"class":1023},[57,89154,2689],{"class":67},[57,89156,2686],{"class":1023},[57,89158,112],{"class":93},[20,89160,243],{},[48,89162,89164],{"className":50,"code":89163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89165,89166,89171,89175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89167,89168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89169,89170],{"class":63},"Hello\n",[57,89172,89173],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89174,3182],{"class":1023},[57,89176,89177],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89178,3182],{"class":1023},[20,89180,89181,89182,89184,89185,89189],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89183,46688],{}," ",[153,89186,3926,89187],{},[15,89188,4012],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[43,89191,300],{"id":299},[20,89193,30964],{},[48,89195,89197],{"className":50,"code":89196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89198,89199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89200,89201,89203,89205,89208,89210,89213,89215,89217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89202,119],{"class":118},[57,89204,101],{"class":93},[57,89206,89207],{"class":97},"object1",[57,89209,107],{"class":93},[57,89211,89212],{"class":97}," object2",[57,89214,107],{"class":93},[57,89216,34694],{"class":118},[57,89218,112],{"class":93},[20,89220,80427],{},[30,89222,89223,89226,89229],{},[33,89224,89225],{},"one value",[33,89227,89228],{},"many values",[33,89230,89231],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89233,179],{},[48,89235,89237],{"className":50,"code":89236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89238,89239,89253,89272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89240,89241,89243,89245,89247,89249,89251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89242,119],{"class":118},[57,89244,101],{"class":93},[57,89246,104],{"class":71},[57,89248,58003],{"class":75},[57,89250,104],{"class":71},[57,89252,112],{"class":93},[57,89254,89255,89257,89259,89261,89264,89266,89268,89270],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89256,119],{"class":118},[57,89258,101],{"class":93},[57,89260,104],{"class":71},[57,89262,89263],{"class":75},"Score:",[57,89265,104],{"class":71},[57,89267,107],{"class":93},[57,89269,6238],{"class":1023},[57,89271,112],{"class":93},[57,89273,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89275,119],{"class":118},[57,89277,101],{"class":93},[57,89279,104],{"class":71},[57,89281,45799],{"class":75},[57,89283,104],{"class":71},[57,89285,107],{"class":93},[57,89287,2692],{"class":1023},[57,89289,2689],{"class":67},[57,89291,37884],{"class":1023},[57,89293,112],{"class":93},[20,89295,243],{},[48,89297,89299],{"className":50,"code":89298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89300,89301,89305,89314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89302,89303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89304,85579],{"class":63},[57,89306,89307,89310,89312],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89308,89309],{"class":63},"Score",[57,89311,1016],{"class":93},[57,89313,2823],{"class":1023},[57,89315,89316,89318,89320],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89317,45839],{"class":63},[57,89319,1016],{"class":93},[57,89321,2823],{"class":1023},[20,89323,89324],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[43,89326,89328],{"id":89327},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89330,89331,89332,94],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89333,46688],{},[572,89335,89337],{"id":89336},"print-text","Print text",[20,89339,89340],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[48,89342,89344],{"className":50,"code":89343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89345,89346,89360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89347,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356,89358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89349,119],{"class":118},[57,89351,101],{"class":93},[57,89353,104],{"class":71},[57,89355,35105],{"class":75},[57,89357,104],{"class":71},[57,89359,112],{"class":93},[57,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89371,89373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89363,119],{"class":118},[57,89365,101],{"class":93},[57,89367,104],{"class":71},[57,89369,89370],{"class":75},"Python is fun",[57,89372,104],{"class":71},[57,89374,112],{"class":93},[572,89376,89378],{"id":89377},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89380,89381],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[48,89383,89385],{"className":50,"code":89384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89386,89387,89397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89390,119],{"class":118},[57,89392,101],{"class":93},[57,89394,2372],{"class":1023},[57,89396,112],{"class":93},[57,89398,89399,89401,89403,89405],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89400,119],{"class":118},[57,89402,101],{"class":93},[57,89404,40383],{"class":1023},[57,89406,112],{"class":93},[572,89408,89410],{"id":89409},"print-variables","Print variables",[48,89412,89414],{"className":50,"code":89413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89415,89416,89424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89417,89418,89420,89422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89419,5328],{"class":63},[57,89421,68],{"class":67},[57,89423,14362],{"class":1023},[57,89425,89426,89428,89430,89432],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89427,119],{"class":118},[57,89429,101],{"class":93},[57,89431,85742],{"class":97},[57,89433,112],{"class":93},[572,89435,89437],{"id":89436},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[48,89439,89441],{"className":50,"code":89440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89442,89443,89457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89444,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89446,119],{"class":118},[57,89448,101],{"class":93},[57,89450,1931],{"class":1023},[57,89452,2689],{"class":67},[57,89454,2686],{"class":1023},[57,89456,112],{"class":93},[57,89458,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89460,119],{"class":118},[57,89462,101],{"class":93},[57,89464,941],{"class":1023},[57,89466,83056],{"class":67},[57,89468,2692],{"class":1023},[57,89470,112],{"class":93},[20,89472,89473,89474,94],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[293,89475,51211],{"href":295},[43,89477,89479],{"id":89478},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89481,89482,89484],{},[15,89483,46688],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89486,89487],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[48,89489,89491],{"className":50,"code":89490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89492,89493,89506,89514,89518,89537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89494,89495,89497,89499,89501,89504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89496,8112],{"class":63},[57,89498,68],{"class":67},[57,89500,72],{"class":71},[57,89502,89503],{"class":75},"Ava",[57,89505,79],{"class":71},[57,89507,89508,89510,89512],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89509,21864],{"class":63},[57,89511,68],{"class":67},[57,89513,2823],{"class":1023},[57,89515,89516],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,89517,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,89519,89520,89522,89524,89526,89529,89531,89533,89535],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,89521,119],{"class":118},[57,89523,101],{"class":93},[57,89525,104],{"class":71},[57,89527,89528],{"class":75},"Name:",[57,89530,104],{"class":71},[57,89532,107],{"class":93},[57,89534,36231],{"class":97},[57,89536,112],{"class":93},[57,89538,89539,89541,89543,89545,89548,89550,89552,89554],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,89540,119],{"class":118},[57,89542,101],{"class":93},[57,89544,104],{"class":71},[57,89546,89547],{"class":75},"Age:",[57,89549,104],{"class":71},[57,89551,107],{"class":93},[57,89553,9424],{"class":97},[57,89555,112],{"class":93},[20,89557,243],{},[48,89559,89561],{"className":50,"code":89560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89562,89563,89573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89564,89565,89568,89570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89566,89567],{"class":63},"Name",[57,89569,1016],{"class":93},[57,89571,89572],{"class":63}," Ava\n",[57,89574,89575,89578,89580],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89576,89577],{"class":63},"Age",[57,89579,1016],{"class":93},[57,89581,2823],{"class":1023},[20,89583,89584,89585,94],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89586,2296],{},[20,89588,89589],{},"For example, this works:",[48,89591,89593],{"className":50,"code":89592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89594,89595,89603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89596,89597,89599,89601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89598,21864],{"class":63},[57,89600,68],{"class":67},[57,89602,2823],{"class":1023},[57,89604,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89606,119],{"class":118},[57,89608,101],{"class":93},[57,89610,104],{"class":71},[57,89612,89547],{"class":75},[57,89614,104],{"class":71},[57,89616,107],{"class":93},[57,89618,9424],{"class":97},[57,89620,112],{"class":93},[20,89622,37167],{},[48,89624,89626],{"className":50,"code":89625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89627,89628,89636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89629,89630,89632,89634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89631,21864],{"class":63},[57,89633,68],{"class":67},[57,89635,2823],{"class":1023},[57,89637,89638,89640,89642,89644,89647,89649,89651,89653],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89639,119],{"class":118},[57,89641,101],{"class":93},[57,89643,104],{"class":71},[57,89645,89646],{"class":75},"Age: ",[57,89648,104],{"class":71},[57,89650,2689],{"class":67},[57,89652,9424],{"class":97},[57,89654,112],{"class":93},[20,89656,89657,89658,89661,89662,89664,89665,89667,89668,94],{},"That fails because ",[15,89659,89660],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89663,1065],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89666,2296],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[293,89669,89670],{"href":42415},[15,89671,47920],{},[43,89673,89675],{"id":89674},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89677,89678,89680],{},[15,89679,46688],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89682,89683,89689,89694,89699],{},[33,89684,89685,89688],{},[15,89686,89687],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89690,89691,89693],{},[15,89692,52895],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89695,89696,89698],{},[15,89697,86964],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89700,89701,89704],{},[15,89702,89703],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89706,89707,89708,2082,89710,94],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89709,89687],{},[15,89711,52895],{},[43,89713,89715,36856],{"id":89714},"sep-argument",[15,89716,89687],{},[20,89718,2218,89719,89721],{},[15,89720,89687],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89723,89724],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[572,89726,89728],{"id":89727},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[48,89730,89732],{"className":50,"code":89731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89733,89734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89735,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89737,119],{"class":118},[57,89739,101],{"class":93},[57,89741,104],{"class":71},[57,89743,264],{"class":75},[57,89745,104],{"class":71},[57,89747,107],{"class":93},[57,89749,72],{"class":71},[57,89751,283],{"class":75},[57,89753,104],{"class":71},[57,89755,107],{"class":93},[57,89757,72],{"class":71},[57,89759,274],{"class":75},[57,89761,104],{"class":71},[57,89763,112],{"class":93},[20,89765,243],{},[48,89767,89769],{"className":50,"code":89768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red green blue\n",[15,89770,89771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89772,89773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89774,89768],{"class":63},[572,89776,89778],{"id":89777},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[48,89780,89782],{"className":50,"code":89781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89783,89784,89827],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89785,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89787,119],{"class":118},[57,89789,101],{"class":93},[57,89791,104],{"class":71},[57,89793,264],{"class":75},[57,89795,104],{"class":71},[57,89797,107],{"class":93},[57,89799,72],{"class":71},[57,89801,283],{"class":75},[57,89803,104],{"class":71},[57,89805,107],{"class":93},[57,89807,72],{"class":71},[57,89809,274],{"class":75},[57,89811,104],{"class":71},[57,89813,107],{"class":93},[57,89815,89816],{"class":9411}," sep",[57,89818,68],{"class":67},[57,89820,104],{"class":71},[57,89822,107],{"class":75},[57,89824,104],{"class":71},[57,89826,112],{"class":93},[57,89828,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861,89863,89866,89868],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89830,119],{"class":118},[57,89832,101],{"class":93},[57,89834,104],{"class":71},[57,89836,264],{"class":75},[57,89838,104],{"class":71},[57,89840,107],{"class":93},[57,89842,72],{"class":71},[57,89844,283],{"class":75},[57,89846,104],{"class":71},[57,89848,107],{"class":93},[57,89850,72],{"class":71},[57,89852,274],{"class":75},[57,89854,104],{"class":71},[57,89856,107],{"class":93},[57,89858,89816],{"class":9411},[57,89860,68],{"class":67},[57,89862,104],{"class":71},[57,89864,89865],{"class":75}," - ",[57,89867,104],{"class":71},[57,89869,112],{"class":93},[20,89871,243],{},[48,89873,89875],{"className":50,"code":89874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89876,89877,89889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89878,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89880,264],{"class":63},[57,89882,107],{"class":93},[57,89884,283],{"class":63},[57,89886,107],{"class":93},[57,89888,70209],{"class":63},[57,89890,89891,89894,89896,89899,89901],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89892,89893],{"class":63},"red ",[57,89895,1415],{"class":67},[57,89897,89898],{"class":63}," green ",[57,89900,1415],{"class":67},[57,89902,36120],{"class":63},[20,89904,89905,89907],{},[15,89906,89687],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89909,89910,89911,94],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[293,89912,89914],{"href":89913},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[43,89916,89918,36856],{"id":89917},"end-argument",[15,89919,52895],{},[20,89921,89922,89923,89925,89926,89928],{},"By default, ",[15,89924,46688],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89927,46688],{}," starts on a new line.",[572,89930,89728],{"id":89931},"default-behavior-1",[48,89933,89935],{"className":50,"code":89934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89936,89937,89951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89938,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89940,119],{"class":118},[57,89942,101],{"class":93},[57,89944,104],{"class":71},[57,89946,35105],{"class":75},[57,89948,104],{"class":71},[57,89950,112],{"class":93},[57,89952,89953,89955,89957,89959,89962,89964],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89954,119],{"class":118},[57,89956,101],{"class":93},[57,89958,104],{"class":71},[57,89960,89961],{"class":75},"World",[57,89963,104],{"class":71},[57,89965,112],{"class":93},[20,89967,243],{},[48,89969,89971],{"className":50,"code":89970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89972,89973,89977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89974,89975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89976,89170],{"class":63},[57,89978,89979],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,89980,89981],{"class":63},"World\n",[572,89983,89985],{"id":89984},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[48,89987,89989],{"className":50,"code":89988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89990,89991,90013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89992,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89994,119],{"class":118},[57,89996,101],{"class":93},[57,89998,104],{"class":71},[57,90000,35105],{"class":75},[57,90002,104],{"class":71},[57,90004,107],{"class":93},[57,90006,65271],{"class":9411},[57,90008,68],{"class":67},[57,90010,6506],{"class":71},[57,90012,112],{"class":93},[57,90014,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90016,119],{"class":118},[57,90018,101],{"class":93},[57,90020,104],{"class":71},[57,90022,89961],{"class":75},[57,90024,104],{"class":71},[57,90026,112],{"class":93},[20,90028,243],{},[48,90030,90032],{"className":50,"code":90031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90033,90034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90035,90036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90037,90031],{"class":63},[572,90039,90041],{"id":90040},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[48,90043,90045],{"className":50,"code":90044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90046,90047,90076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90048,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067,90070,90072,90074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90050,119],{"class":118},[57,90052,101],{"class":93},[57,90054,104],{"class":71},[57,90056,35105],{"class":75},[57,90058,104],{"class":71},[57,90060,107],{"class":93},[57,90062,65271],{"class":9411},[57,90064,68],{"class":67},[57,90066,104],{"class":71},[57,90068,90069],{"class":75},"!",[57,90071,479],{"class":472},[57,90073,104],{"class":71},[57,90075,112],{"class":93},[57,90077,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90079,119],{"class":118},[57,90081,101],{"class":93},[57,90083,104],{"class":71},[57,90085,89961],{"class":75},[57,90087,104],{"class":71},[57,90089,112],{"class":93},[20,90091,243],{},[48,90093,90095],{"className":50,"code":90094,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90096,90097,90102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90098,90099],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90100,90101],{"class":63},"Hello!\n",[57,90103,90104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90105,89981],{"class":63},[20,90107,2218,90108,90110],{},[15,90109,52895],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,90112,90113,90116,90119],{},[33,90114,90115],{},"progress messages",[33,90117,90118],{},"inline output",[33,90120,90121],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[43,90123,90125,2631,90127],{"id":90124},"print-returns-none",[15,90126,46688],{},[15,90128,4012],{},[20,90130,90131,90132,90134],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90133,46688],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90136,179],{},[48,90138,90140],{"className":50,"code":90139,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90141,90142,90162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90143,90144,90146,90148,90151,90153,90155,90158,90160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90145,2463],{"class":63},[57,90147,68],{"class":67},[57,90149,90150],{"class":118}," print",[57,90152,101],{"class":93},[57,90154,104],{"class":71},[57,90156,90157],{"class":75},"Hi",[57,90159,104],{"class":71},[57,90161,112],{"class":93},[57,90163,90164,90166,90168,90170],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90165,119],{"class":118},[57,90167,101],{"class":93},[57,90169,2498],{"class":97},[57,90171,112],{"class":93},[20,90173,243],{},[48,90175,90177],{"className":50,"code":90176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90178,90179,90184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90180,90181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90182,90183],{"class":63},"Hi\n",[57,90185,90186],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90187,12040],{"class":4085},[20,90189,90190],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,90192,90193,90201,90206],{},[33,90194,90195,90198,90199],{},[15,90196,90197],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90200,90157],{},[33,90202,90203,90204],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90205,4012],{},[33,90207,90208,90209,12152,90211],{},"so ",[15,90210,2498],{},[15,90212,4012],{},[20,90214,90215,90216,90218],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90217,46688],{}," call.",[48,90220,90222],{"className":50,"code":90221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90223,90224,90237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90225,90226,90229,90231,90233,90235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90227,90228],{"class":63},"message ",[57,90230,68],{"class":67},[57,90232,72],{"class":71},[57,90234,90157],{"class":75},[57,90236,79],{"class":71},[57,90238,90239,90241,90243,90246],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90240,119],{"class":118},[57,90242,101],{"class":93},[57,90244,90245],{"class":97},"message",[57,90247,112],{"class":93},[20,90249,90250,90251,90253,90254,90258],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90252,46688],{}," with functions like ",[293,90255,90256],{"href":8454},[15,90257,3193],{},", which do return a value.",[43,90260,90262,90263],{"id":90261},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90264,46688],{},[20,90266,90267,90268,90270],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90269,46688],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,90272,90273,90276,90279,90282],{},[33,90274,90275],{},"to display results to the user",[33,90277,90278],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,90280,90281],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,90283,90284],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90286,179],{},[48,90288,90290],{"className":50,"code":90289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90291,90292,90300,90304,90324,90335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90293,90294,90296,90298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90295,41423],{"class":63},[57,90297,68],{"class":67},[57,90299,38753],{"class":1023},[57,90301,90302],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90303,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,90305,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320,90322],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,90307,6191],{"class":4110},[57,90309,6621],{"class":63},[57,90311,4117],{"class":4110},[57,90313,54305],{"class":118},[57,90315,101],{"class":93},[57,90317,3224],{"class":1023},[57,90319,107],{"class":93},[57,90321,2692],{"class":1023},[57,90323,8577],{"class":93},[57,90325,90326,90329,90332],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,90327,90328],{"class":63},"    total ",[57,90330,90331],{"class":67},"+=",[57,90333,90334],{"class":63}," number\n",[57,90336,90337,90339,90341,90343,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354,90356,90358,90360,90362,90364],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,90338,8304],{"class":118},[57,90340,101],{"class":93},[57,90342,104],{"class":71},[57,90344,90345],{"class":75},"Current number:",[57,90347,104],{"class":71},[57,90349,107],{"class":93},[57,90351,2430],{"class":97},[57,90353,107],{"class":93},[57,90355,72],{"class":71},[57,90357,45799],{"class":75},[57,90359,104],{"class":71},[57,90361,107],{"class":93},[57,90363,45806],{"class":97},[57,90365,112],{"class":93},[20,90367,243],{},[48,90369,90371],{"className":50,"code":90370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90372,90373,90389,90403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90374,90375,90378,90380,90382,90385,90387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90376,90377],{"class":63},"Current number",[57,90379,1016],{"class":93},[57,90381,1143],{"class":1023},[57,90383,90384],{"class":63}," Total",[57,90386,1016],{"class":93},[57,90388,29853],{"class":1023},[57,90390,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90392,90377],{"class":63},[57,90394,1016],{"class":93},[57,90396,1024],{"class":1023},[57,90398,90384],{"class":63},[57,90400,1016],{"class":93},[57,90402,2813],{"class":1023},[57,90404,90405,90407,90409,90411,90413,90415],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,90406,90377],{"class":63},[57,90408,1016],{"class":93},[57,90410,2686],{"class":1023},[57,90412,90384],{"class":63},[57,90414,1016],{"class":93},[57,90416,90417],{"class":1023}," 6\n",[20,90419,90420,90421,94],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[293,90422,90424],{"href":90423},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[43,90426,1673],{"id":1672},[20,90428,90429,90430,94],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90431,46688],{},[572,90433,90435],{"id":90434},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90437,90438],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[48,90440,90442],{"className":50,"code":90441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90443,90444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90445,90446,90448,90450,90452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90447,119],{"class":118},[57,90449,101],{"class":93},[57,90451,35105],{"class":97},[57,90453,112],{"class":93},[20,90455,345,90456,90458],{},[15,90457,35105],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90460,1783],{},[48,90462,90464],{"className":50,"code":90463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90465,90466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90467,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90469,119],{"class":118},[57,90471,101],{"class":93},[57,90473,104],{"class":71},[57,90475,35105],{"class":75},[57,90477,104],{"class":71},[57,90479,112],{"class":93},[572,90481,425,90483,90485],{"id":90482},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90484,119],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90487,90488],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[48,90490,90492],{"className":50,"code":90491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90493,90494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90495,90496,90498,90500,90502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90497,119],{"class":118},[57,90499,72],{"class":71},[57,90501,35105],{"class":75},[57,90503,79],{"class":71},[20,90505,1783],{},[48,90507,90508],{"className":50,"code":90463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90509,90510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90511,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520,90522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90513,119],{"class":118},[57,90515,101],{"class":93},[57,90517,104],{"class":71},[57,90519,35105],{"class":75},[57,90521,104],{"class":71},[57,90523,112],{"class":93},[572,90525,90527,90528],{"id":90526},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90529,2296],{},[20,90531,90532,90533,94],{},"This causes a ",[15,90534,3241],{},[48,90536,90537],{"className":50,"code":89625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90538,90539,90547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90540,90541,90543,90545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90542,21864],{"class":63},[57,90544,68],{"class":67},[57,90546,2823],{"class":1023},[57,90548,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90550,119],{"class":118},[57,90552,101],{"class":93},[57,90554,104],{"class":71},[57,90556,89646],{"class":75},[57,90558,104],{"class":71},[57,90560,2689],{"class":67},[57,90562,9424],{"class":97},[57,90564,112],{"class":93},[20,90566,90567],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[48,90569,90571],{"className":50,"code":90570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90572,90573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90574,90575,90577,90579,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90576,119],{"class":118},[57,90578,101],{"class":93},[57,90580,104],{"class":71},[57,90582,89547],{"class":75},[57,90584,104],{"class":71},[57,90586,107],{"class":93},[57,90588,9424],{"class":97},[57,90590,112],{"class":93},[20,90592,90593],{},"Or convert the number first:",[48,90595,90597],{"className":50,"code":90596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90598,90599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90600,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617,90619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90602,119],{"class":118},[57,90604,101],{"class":93},[57,90606,104],{"class":71},[57,90608,89646],{"class":75},[57,90610,104],{"class":71},[57,90612,2689],{"class":67},[57,90614,49141],{"class":1256},[57,90616,101],{"class":93},[57,90618,1065],{"class":97},[57,90620,640],{"class":93},[20,90622,90623,90624,94],{},"If you see this error, read ",[293,90625,90627],{"href":90626},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[572,90629,8688,90631,90633],{"id":90630},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90632,46688],{}," to return a value",[20,90635,90636,90637,35568,90640,1016],{},"This does not store ",[15,90638,90639],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90641,2498],{},[48,90643,90645],{"className":50,"code":90644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90646,90647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90648,90649,90651,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90650,2463],{"class":63},[57,90652,68],{"class":67},[57,90654,90150],{"class":118},[57,90656,101],{"class":93},[57,90658,104],{"class":71},[57,90660,35105],{"class":75},[57,90662,104],{"class":71},[57,90664,112],{"class":93},[20,90666,90667,90668,94],{},"It stores ",[15,90669,4012],{},[572,90671,90673,90674,2082,90676],{"id":90672},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90675,89687],{},[15,90677,52895],{},[20,90679,86034],{},[30,90681,90682,90691],{},[33,90683,90684,90686,90687,90690],{},[15,90685,89687],{}," changes what goes ",[153,90688,90689],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90692,90693,90695,90696,90699],{},[15,90694,52895],{}," changes what appears ",[153,90697,90698],{},"after"," the output",[43,90701,90703],{"id":90702},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90705,90706,90707,90709],{},"These simple ",[15,90708,46688],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[48,90711,90713],{"className":50,"code":90712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90714,90715,90735,90750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90716,90717,90719,90721,90723,90726,90728,90730,90733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90718,119],{"class":118},[57,90720,101],{"class":93},[57,90722,104],{"class":71},[57,90724,90725],{"class":75},"Debug:",[57,90727,104],{"class":71},[57,90729,107],{"class":93},[57,90731,90732],{"class":97}," variable_name",[57,90734,112],{"class":93},[57,90736,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745,90748],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,90738,119],{"class":118},[57,90740,101],{"class":93},[57,90742,1257],{"class":1256},[57,90744,101],{"class":93},[57,90746,90747],{"class":97},"variable_name",[57,90749,640],{"class":93},[57,90751,90752,90754,90756,90758],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,90753,32392],{"class":118},[57,90755,101],{"class":93},[57,90757,119],{"class":118},[57,90759,112],{"class":93},[20,90761,90762],{},"What they do:",[30,90764,90765,90771,90777],{},[33,90766,90767,90770],{},[15,90768,90769],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90772,90773,90776],{},[15,90774,90775],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90778,90779,90782,90783],{},[15,90780,90781],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90784,46688],{},[43,90786,2075],{"id":2074},[572,90788,2099,90790,90792],{"id":90789},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90791,46688],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90794,90795,90796,90798,90799,36862],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90797,46688],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90800,52895],{},[572,90802,5402,90804,90806],{"id":90803},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90805,46688],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90808,90809,90810,90812],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90811,46688],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[572,90814,5390,90816,5393,90819,2085],{"id":90815},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90817,90818],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90820,4012],{},[20,90822,2125,90823,90825],{},[15,90824,46688],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[572,90827,90829],{"id":90828},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90831,90832],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[48,90834,90836],{"className":50,"code":90835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90837,90838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90839,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90841,119],{"class":118},[57,90843,101],{"class":93},[57,90845,104],{"class":71},[57,90847,89547],{"class":75},[57,90849,104],{"class":71},[57,90851,107],{"class":93},[57,90853,6238],{"class":1023},[57,90855,112],{"class":93},[20,90857,90858,90859,40170],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90860,47920],{},[572,90862,2079,90864,2082,90866,2085],{"id":90863},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90865,89687],{},[15,90867,52895],{},[30,90869,90870,90875],{},[33,90871,90872,90874],{},[15,90873,89687],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90876,90877,90879],{},[15,90878,52895],{}," changes what appears after the output",[43,90881,2132],{"id":2131},[30,90883,90884,90888,90894,90900,90905,90910],{},[33,90885,90886],{},[293,90887,51211],{"href":295},[33,90889,90890],{},[293,90891,3809,90892,3742],{"href":8454},[15,90893,3193],{},[33,90895,90896],{},[293,90897,3809,90898,3742],{"href":42415},[15,90899,47920],{},[33,90901,90902],{},[293,90903,90904],{"href":89913},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90906,90907],{},[293,90908,90909],{"href":90423},"How to debug Python code",[33,90911,90912],{},[293,90913,90627],{"href":90626},[2161,90915,90916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":90918},[90919,90920,90922,90923,90929,90930,90931,90936,90942,90944,90946,90957,90958,90969],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":89091,"depth":82,"text":90921},"What print() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":89327,"depth":82,"text":89328,"children":90924},[90925,90926,90927,90928],{"id":89336,"depth":115,"text":89337},{"id":89377,"depth":115,"text":89378},{"id":89409,"depth":115,"text":89410},{"id":89436,"depth":115,"text":89437},{"id":89478,"depth":82,"text":89479},{"id":89674,"depth":82,"text":89675},{"id":89714,"depth":82,"text":90932,"children":90933},"sep argument",[90934,90935],{"id":89727,"depth":115,"text":89728},{"id":89777,"depth":115,"text":89778},{"id":89917,"depth":82,"text":90937,"children":90938},"end argument",[90939,90940,90941],{"id":89931,"depth":115,"text":89728},{"id":89984,"depth":115,"text":89985},{"id":90040,"depth":115,"text":90041},{"id":90124,"depth":82,"text":90943},"print() returns None",{"id":90261,"depth":82,"text":90945},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":90947},[90948,90949,90951,90953,90955],{"id":90434,"depth":115,"text":90435},{"id":90482,"depth":115,"text":90950},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90526,"depth":115,"text":90952},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90630,"depth":115,"text":90954},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90672,"depth":115,"text":90956},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90702,"depth":82,"text":90703},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":90959},[90960,90962,90964,90966,90967],{"id":90789,"depth":115,"text":90961},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90803,"depth":115,"text":90963},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90815,"depth":115,"text":90965},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90828,"depth":115,"text":90829},{"id":90863,"depth":115,"text":90968},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88974,"description":90970},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90977,"title":90978,"body":90979,"description":93283,"extension":2201,"meta":93284,"navigation":217,"path":93285,"seo":93286,"stem":93287,"__hash__":93288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90980,"toc":93229},[90981,90986,90991,91004,91006,91071,91082,91087,91092,91094,91117,91120,91151,91153,91170,91175,91181,91186,91235,91238,91255,91261,91266,91289,91291,91319,91325,91333,91360,91362,91387,91393,91396,91427,91429,91458,91462,91465,91470,91492,91494,91522,91528,91534,91560,91562,91586,91592,91598,91628,91630,91658,91668,91672,91678,91711,91713,91742,91745,91748,91781,91783,91791,91797,91799,91822,91827,91836,91841,91855,91857,91897,91899,91929,91933,91968,91974,91978,92022,92024,92054,92060,92063,92142,92144,92166,92174,92177,92240,92248,92323,92329,92336,92341,92346,92369,92371,92392,92394,92407,92409,92456,92458,92497,92506,92508,92512,92516,92519,92546,92549,92578,92581,92605,92608,92616,92622,92644,92646,92674,92678,92683,92738,92743,92745,92802,92809,92818,92821,92853,92855,92863,92866,92872,92874,92897,92900,92906,92909,92928,92930,92949,92952,92974,92976,93004,93008,93012,93117,93119,93132,93134,93140,93143,93151,93156,93162,93168,93173,93181,93187,93194,93196,93226],[10,90982,3809,90984,3813],{"id":90983},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90985,36438],{},[20,90987,32557,90988,90990],{},[15,90989,36438],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90992,90993,90994,90996,90997,90999,91000,91003],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90995,6191],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90998,36438],{}," stops ",[153,91001,91002],{},"before"," the end value.",[43,91005,46],{"id":45},[48,91007,91009],{"className":50,"code":91008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91010,91011,91027,91037,91041,91046,91051,91056,91061,91066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91012,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91014,6191],{"class":4110},[57,91016,69776],{"class":63},[57,91018,4117],{"class":4110},[57,91020,54305],{"class":118},[57,91022,101],{"class":93},[57,91024,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91026,8577],{"class":93},[57,91028,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91030,8304],{"class":118},[57,91032,101],{"class":93},[57,91034,36394],{"class":97},[57,91036,112],{"class":93},[57,91038,91039],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,91040,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,91042,91043],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,91044,91045],{"class":132},"# Output:\n",[57,91047,91048],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,91049,91050],{"class":132},"# 0\n",[57,91052,91053],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,91054,91055],{"class":132},"# 1\n",[57,91057,91058],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,91059,91060],{"class":132},"# 2\n",[57,91062,91063],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,91064,91065],{"class":132},"# 3\n",[57,91067,91068],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,91069,91070],{"class":132},"# 4\n",[20,91072,91073,91076,91077,91079,91080,94],{},[15,91074,91075],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91078,1277],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91081,2372],{},[43,91083,143,91085,146],{"id":91084},"what-range-does",[15,91086,36438],{},[20,91088,91089,91091],{},[15,91090,36438],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91093,13284],{},[30,91095,91096,91101,91107,91112],{},[33,91097,91098,91100],{},[15,91099,36438],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,91102,91103,91104,91106],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91105,6191],{}," loops",[33,91108,91109,91110],{},"The stop value is ",[153,91111,65300],{},[33,91113,17656,91114,91116],{},[15,91115,60232],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91118,91119],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[48,91121,91123],{"className":50,"code":91122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91124,91125,91141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91126,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91128,6191],{"class":4110},[57,91130,6621],{"class":63},[57,91132,4117],{"class":4110},[57,91134,54305],{"class":118},[57,91136,101],{"class":93},[57,91138,2299],{"class":1023},[57,91140,8577],{"class":93},[57,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91144,8304],{"class":118},[57,91146,101],{"class":93},[57,91148,2473],{"class":97},[57,91150,112],{"class":93},[20,91152,243],{},[48,91154,91156],{"className":50,"code":91155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91157,91158,91162,91166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91159,91160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91161,47488],{"class":1023},[57,91163,91164],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91165,47153],{"class":1023},[57,91167,91168],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,91169,17290],{"class":1023},[20,91171,91172,91173,94],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[293,91174,36268],{"href":36267},[43,91176,91178,91180],{"id":91177},"range-syntax",[15,91179,36438],{}," syntax",[20,91182,91183,91185],{},[15,91184,36438],{}," has three common forms:",[48,91187,91189],{"className":50,"code":91188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91190,91191,91201,91216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91192,91193,91195,91197,91199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91194,60232],{"class":118},[57,91196,101],{"class":93},[57,91198,75653],{"class":97},[57,91200,112],{"class":93},[57,91202,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91214],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91204,60232],{"class":118},[57,91206,101],{"class":93},[57,91208,36312],{"class":97},[57,91210,107],{"class":93},[57,91212,91213],{"class":97}," stop",[57,91215,112],{"class":93},[57,91217,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91233],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,91219,60232],{"class":118},[57,91221,101],{"class":93},[57,91223,36312],{"class":97},[57,91225,107],{"class":93},[57,91227,91213],{"class":97},[57,91229,107],{"class":93},[57,91231,91232],{"class":97}," step",[57,91234,112],{"class":93},[20,91236,91237],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,91239,91240,91245,91250],{},[33,91241,91242,91244],{},[15,91243,36312],{}," = first number",[33,91246,91247,91249],{},[15,91248,75653],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,91251,91252,91254],{},[15,91253,75656],{}," = amount to move each time",[572,91256,91258],{"id":91257},"rangestop",[15,91259,91260],{},"range(stop)",[20,91262,91263,91264,94],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91265,1277],{},[48,91267,91269],{"className":50,"code":91268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91270,91271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91272,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91274,119],{"class":118},[57,91276,101],{"class":93},[57,91278,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91280,101],{"class":93},[57,91282,60232],{"class":118},[57,91284,101],{"class":93},[57,91286,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91288,2028],{"class":93},[20,91290,243],{},[48,91292,91293],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91294,91295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91296,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91298,258],{"class":93},[57,91300,1277],{"class":1023},[57,91302,107],{"class":93},[57,91304,1143],{"class":1023},[57,91306,107],{"class":93},[57,91308,1024],{"class":1023},[57,91310,107],{"class":93},[57,91312,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91314,107],{"class":93},[57,91316,2692],{"class":1023},[57,91318,288],{"class":93},[572,91320,91322],{"id":91321},"rangestart-stop",[15,91323,91324],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91326,91327,91328,91330,91331,94],{},"This starts at ",[15,91329,36312],{}," and stops before ",[15,91332,75653],{},[48,91334,91336],{"className":50,"code":91335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91337,91338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91339,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91341,119],{"class":118},[57,91343,101],{"class":93},[57,91345,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91347,101],{"class":93},[57,91349,60232],{"class":118},[57,91351,101],{"class":93},[57,91353,1931],{"class":1023},[57,91355,107],{"class":93},[57,91357,37884],{"class":1023},[57,91359,2028],{"class":93},[20,91361,243],{},[48,91363,91365],{"className":50,"code":91364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91366,91367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91368,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91370,258],{"class":93},[57,91372,1931],{"class":1023},[57,91374,107],{"class":93},[57,91376,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91378,107],{"class":93},[57,91380,2692],{"class":1023},[57,91382,107],{"class":93},[57,91384,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91386,288],{"class":93},[572,91388,91390],{"id":91389},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91391,91392],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91394,91395],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[48,91397,91399],{"className":50,"code":91398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91400,91401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91402,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91404,119],{"class":118},[57,91406,101],{"class":93},[57,91408,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91410,101],{"class":93},[57,91412,60232],{"class":118},[57,91414,101],{"class":93},[57,91416,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91418,107],{"class":93},[57,91420,6238],{"class":1023},[57,91422,107],{"class":93},[57,91424,1024],{"class":1023},[57,91426,2028],{"class":93},[20,91428,243],{},[48,91430,91432],{"className":50,"code":91431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91433,91434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91435,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91437,258],{"class":93},[57,91439,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91441,107],{"class":93},[57,91443,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91445,107],{"class":93},[57,91447,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91449,107],{"class":93},[57,91451,6227],{"class":1023},[57,91453,107],{"class":93},[57,91455,54371],{"class":1023},[57,91457,288],{"class":93},[43,91459,91461],{"id":91460},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91463,91464],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[572,91466,91468],{"id":91467},"range5",[15,91469,91075],{},[48,91471,91472],{"className":50,"code":91268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91473,91474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91475,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91477,119],{"class":118},[57,91479,101],{"class":93},[57,91481,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91483,101],{"class":93},[57,91485,60232],{"class":118},[57,91487,101],{"class":93},[57,91489,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91491,2028],{"class":93},[20,91493,243],{},[48,91495,91496],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91497,91498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91499,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91501,258],{"class":93},[57,91503,1277],{"class":1023},[57,91505,107],{"class":93},[57,91507,1143],{"class":1023},[57,91509,107],{"class":93},[57,91511,1024],{"class":1023},[57,91513,107],{"class":93},[57,91515,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91517,107],{"class":93},[57,91519,2692],{"class":1023},[57,91521,288],{"class":93},[20,91523,91327,91524,91330,91526,94],{},[15,91525,1277],{},[15,91527,2372],{},[572,91529,91531],{"id":91530},"range2-6",[15,91532,91533],{},"range(2, 6)",[48,91535,91536],{"className":50,"code":91335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91537,91538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91539,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91541,119],{"class":118},[57,91543,101],{"class":93},[57,91545,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91547,101],{"class":93},[57,91549,60232],{"class":118},[57,91551,101],{"class":93},[57,91553,1931],{"class":1023},[57,91555,107],{"class":93},[57,91557,37884],{"class":1023},[57,91559,2028],{"class":93},[20,91561,243],{},[48,91563,91564],{"className":50,"code":91364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91565,91566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91567,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91569,258],{"class":93},[57,91571,1931],{"class":1023},[57,91573,107],{"class":93},[57,91575,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91577,107],{"class":93},[57,91579,2692],{"class":1023},[57,91581,107],{"class":93},[57,91583,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91585,288],{"class":93},[20,91587,91327,91588,91330,91590,94],{},[15,91589,1931],{},[15,91591,80818],{},[572,91593,91595],{"id":91594},"range1-10-2",[15,91596,91597],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[48,91599,91600],{"className":50,"code":91398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91601,91602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91603,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624,91626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91605,119],{"class":118},[57,91607,101],{"class":93},[57,91609,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91611,101],{"class":93},[57,91613,60232],{"class":118},[57,91615,101],{"class":93},[57,91617,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91619,107],{"class":93},[57,91621,6238],{"class":1023},[57,91623,107],{"class":93},[57,91625,1024],{"class":1023},[57,91627,2028],{"class":93},[20,91629,243],{},[48,91631,91632],{"className":50,"code":91431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91633,91634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91635,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91637,258],{"class":93},[57,91639,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91641,107],{"class":93},[57,91643,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91645,107],{"class":93},[57,91647,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91649,107],{"class":93},[57,91651,6227],{"class":1023},[57,91653,107],{"class":93},[57,91655,54371],{"class":1023},[57,91657,288],{"class":93},[20,91659,91660,91661,91663,91664,61531,91666,94],{},"This moves by ",[15,91662,1931],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91665,3224],{},[15,91667,2380],{},[572,91669,91671],{"id":91670},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91673,91674,91675,91677],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91676,36438],{}," count backward.",[48,91679,91681],{"className":50,"code":91680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91682,91683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91684,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91686,119],{"class":118},[57,91688,101],{"class":93},[57,91690,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91692,101],{"class":93},[57,91694,60232],{"class":118},[57,91696,101],{"class":93},[57,91698,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91700,107],{"class":93},[57,91702,4068],{"class":1023},[57,91704,107],{"class":93},[57,91706,2455],{"class":67},[57,91708,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91710,2028],{"class":93},[20,91712,243],{},[48,91714,91716],{"className":50,"code":91715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91717,91718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91719,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91721,258],{"class":93},[57,91723,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91725,107],{"class":93},[57,91727,2692],{"class":1023},[57,91729,107],{"class":93},[57,91731,2686],{"class":1023},[57,91733,107],{"class":93},[57,91735,1024],{"class":1023},[57,91737,107],{"class":93},[57,91739,1143],{"class":1023},[57,91741,288],{"class":93},[20,91743,91744],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91746,91747],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[48,91749,91751],{"className":50,"code":91750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91752,91753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91754,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91756,119],{"class":118},[57,91758,101],{"class":93},[57,91760,1188],{"class":1256},[57,91762,101],{"class":93},[57,91764,60232],{"class":118},[57,91766,101],{"class":93},[57,91768,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91770,107],{"class":93},[57,91772,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91774,107],{"class":93},[57,91776,2455],{"class":67},[57,91778,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91780,2028],{"class":93},[20,91782,243],{},[48,91784,91785],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91786,91787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91788,91789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91790,1506],{"class":93},[572,91792,91793,76816,91795],{"id":77039},[15,91794,75656],{},[15,91796,1277],{},[20,91798,3072],{},[48,91800,91802],{"className":50,"code":91801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91803,91804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91805,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91807,60232],{"class":118},[57,91809,101],{"class":93},[57,91811,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91813,107],{"class":93},[57,91815,4838],{"class":1023},[57,91817,107],{"class":93},[57,91819,4068],{"class":1023},[57,91821,112],{"class":93},[20,91823,77084,91824,91826],{},[15,91825,40944],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[43,91828,425,91830,91832,91833,91835],{"id":91829},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91831,36438],{}," in a ",[15,91834,6191],{}," loop",[20,91837,91838,91840],{},[15,91839,36438],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91842,91843,91846,91849],{},[33,91844,91845],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91847,91848],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91850,91851,91852],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91853,91854],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91856,179],{},[48,91858,91860],{"className":50,"code":91859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91861,91862,91878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91863,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91865,6191],{"class":4110},[57,91867,69776],{"class":63},[57,91869,4117],{"class":4110},[57,91871,54305],{"class":118},[57,91873,101],{"class":93},[57,91875,2299],{"class":1023},[57,91877,8577],{"class":93},[57,91879,91880,91882,91884,91886,91889,91891,91893,91895],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91881,8304],{"class":118},[57,91883,101],{"class":93},[57,91885,104],{"class":71},[57,91887,91888],{"class":75},"Loop number:",[57,91890,104],{"class":71},[57,91892,107],{"class":93},[57,91894,36369],{"class":97},[57,91896,112],{"class":93},[20,91898,243],{},[48,91900,91902],{"className":50,"code":91901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91903,91904,91913,91921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91905,91906,91909,91911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91907,91908],{"class":63},"Loop number",[57,91910,1016],{"class":93},[57,91912,38753],{"class":1023},[57,91914,91915,91917,91919],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91916,91908],{"class":63},[57,91918,1016],{"class":93},[57,91920,29853],{"class":1023},[57,91922,91923,91925,91927],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,91924,91908],{"class":63},[57,91926,1016],{"class":93},[57,91928,45825],{"class":1023},[572,91930,91932],{"id":91931},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[48,91934,91936],{"className":50,"code":91935,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91937,91938,91954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91941,6191],{"class":4110},[57,91943,69776],{"class":63},[57,91945,4117],{"class":4110},[57,91947,54305],{"class":118},[57,91949,101],{"class":93},[57,91951,2372],{"class":1023},[57,91953,8577],{"class":93},[57,91955,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,91957,8304],{"class":118},[57,91959,101],{"class":93},[57,91961,104],{"class":71},[57,91963,35105],{"class":75},[57,91965,104],{"class":71},[57,91967,112],{"class":93},[20,91969,91970,91971,91973],{},"This prints ",[15,91972,90639],{}," five times.",[572,91975,91977],{"id":91976},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[48,91979,91981],{"className":50,"code":91980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91982,91983,92003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91984,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91986,6191],{"class":4110},[57,91988,69776],{"class":63},[57,91990,4117],{"class":4110},[57,91992,54305],{"class":118},[57,91994,101],{"class":93},[57,91996,3224],{"class":1023},[57,91998,107],{"class":93},[57,92000,2692],{"class":1023},[57,92002,8577],{"class":93},[57,92004,92005,92007,92009,92011,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92006,8304],{"class":118},[57,92008,101],{"class":93},[57,92010,104],{"class":71},[57,92012,92013],{"class":75},"Current number is",[57,92015,104],{"class":71},[57,92017,107],{"class":93},[57,92019,36369],{"class":97},[57,92021,112],{"class":93},[20,92023,243],{},[48,92025,92027],{"className":50,"code":92026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92028,92029,92038,92046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92030,92031,92034,92036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92032,92033],{"class":63},"Current number ",[57,92035,537],{"class":67},[57,92037,29853],{"class":1023},[57,92039,92040,92042,92044],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92041,92033],{"class":63},[57,92043,537],{"class":67},[57,92045,45825],{"class":1023},[57,92047,92048,92050,92052],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92049,92033],{"class":63},[57,92051,537],{"class":67},[57,92053,2813],{"class":1023},[572,92055,92057,92059],{"id":92056},"range-and-indexing",[15,92058,36438],{}," and indexing",[20,92061,92062],{},"You may see code like this:",[48,92064,92066],{"className":50,"code":92065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92067,92068,92100,92104,92124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92069,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92071,8014],{"class":63},[57,92073,68],{"class":67},[57,92075,1380],{"class":93},[57,92077,104],{"class":71},[57,92079,293],{"class":75},[57,92081,104],{"class":71},[57,92083,107],{"class":93},[57,92085,72],{"class":71},[57,92087,664],{"class":75},[57,92089,104],{"class":71},[57,92091,107],{"class":93},[57,92093,72],{"class":71},[57,92095,673],{"class":75},[57,92097,104],{"class":71},[57,92099,288],{"class":93},[57,92101,92102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92103,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92105,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92107,6191],{"class":4110},[57,92109,69776],{"class":63},[57,92111,4117],{"class":4110},[57,92113,54305],{"class":118},[57,92115,101],{"class":93},[57,92117,2009],{"class":118},[57,92119,101],{"class":93},[57,92121,8045],{"class":97},[57,92123,69791],{"class":93},[57,92125,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92127,8304],{"class":118},[57,92129,101],{"class":93},[57,92131,36394],{"class":97},[57,92133,107],{"class":93},[57,92135,6199],{"class":97},[57,92137,258],{"class":93},[57,92139,36394],{"class":97},[57,92141,1280],{"class":93},[20,92143,243],{},[48,92145,92146],{"className":50,"code":36406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92147,92148,92154,92160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92149,92150,92152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92151,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92153,36415],{"class":63},[57,92155,92156,92158],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92157,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92159,36422],{"class":63},[57,92161,92162,92164],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92163,1931],{"class":1023},[57,92165,36429],{"class":63},[20,92167,92168,92169,92173],{},"This works, and it uses ",[293,92170,92171],{"href":42598},[15,92172,42601],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92175,92176],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[48,92178,92180],{"className":50,"code":92179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92181,92182,92214,92218,92230],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92183,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92185,8014],{"class":63},[57,92187,68],{"class":67},[57,92189,1380],{"class":93},[57,92191,104],{"class":71},[57,92193,293],{"class":75},[57,92195,104],{"class":71},[57,92197,107],{"class":93},[57,92199,72],{"class":71},[57,92201,664],{"class":75},[57,92203,104],{"class":71},[57,92205,107],{"class":93},[57,92207,72],{"class":71},[57,92209,673],{"class":75},[57,92211,104],{"class":71},[57,92213,288],{"class":93},[57,92215,92216],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92217,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92219,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92221,6191],{"class":4110},[57,92223,6194],{"class":63},[57,92225,4117],{"class":4110},[57,92227,6199],{"class":63},[57,92229,6628],{"class":93},[57,92231,92232,92234,92236,92238],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92233,8304],{"class":118},[57,92235,101],{"class":93},[57,92237,23547],{"class":97},[57,92239,112],{"class":93},[20,92241,36833,92242,92247],{},[293,92243,92245],{"href":92244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92246,35988],{}," is usually a better choice:",[48,92249,92251],{"className":50,"code":92250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92252,92253,92285,92289,92309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92254,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92256,8014],{"class":63},[57,92258,68],{"class":67},[57,92260,1380],{"class":93},[57,92262,104],{"class":71},[57,92264,293],{"class":75},[57,92266,104],{"class":71},[57,92268,107],{"class":93},[57,92270,72],{"class":71},[57,92272,664],{"class":75},[57,92274,104],{"class":71},[57,92276,107],{"class":93},[57,92278,72],{"class":71},[57,92280,673],{"class":75},[57,92282,104],{"class":71},[57,92284,288],{"class":93},[57,92286,92287],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92288,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92290,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92292,6191],{"class":4110},[57,92294,36060],{"class":63},[57,92296,107],{"class":93},[57,92298,6194],{"class":63},[57,92300,4117],{"class":4110},[57,92302,36070],{"class":118},[57,92304,101],{"class":93},[57,92306,8045],{"class":97},[57,92308,8577],{"class":93},[57,92310,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92312,8304],{"class":118},[57,92314,101],{"class":93},[57,92316,36085],{"class":97},[57,92318,107],{"class":93},[57,92320,29745],{"class":97},[57,92322,112],{"class":93},[20,92324,79343,92325,94],{},[293,92326,36846,92327,36849],{"href":36845},[15,92328,35988],{},[43,92330,92332,92333,92335],{"id":92331},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92334,36438],{}," to a list",[20,92337,92338,92340],{},[15,92339,36438],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92342,92343,92344,1016],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92345,25018],{},[48,92347,92349],{"className":50,"code":92348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92350,92351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92352,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92354,119],{"class":118},[57,92356,101],{"class":93},[57,92358,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92360,101],{"class":93},[57,92362,60232],{"class":118},[57,92364,101],{"class":93},[57,92366,2299],{"class":1023},[57,92368,2028],{"class":93},[20,92370,243],{},[48,92372,92374],{"className":50,"code":92373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92375,92376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92377,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92379,258],{"class":93},[57,92381,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92383,107],{"class":93},[57,92385,1143],{"class":1023},[57,92387,107],{"class":93},[57,92389,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92391,288],{"class":93},[20,92393,33552],{},[30,92395,92396,92401,92404],{},[33,92397,92398,92399,42325],{},"learning how ",[15,92400,36438],{},[33,92402,92403],{},"checking your values",[33,92405,92406],{},"debugging code",[20,92408,5705],{},[48,92410,92412],{"className":50,"code":92411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92413,92414,92428,92432,92442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92415,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92417,3853],{"class":63},[57,92419,68],{"class":67},[57,92421,54305],{"class":118},[57,92423,101],{"class":93},[57,92425,2740],{"class":1023},[57,92427,112],{"class":93},[57,92429,92430],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92431,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92433,92434,92436,92438,92440],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92435,119],{"class":118},[57,92437,101],{"class":93},[57,92439,3883],{"class":97},[57,92441,112],{"class":93},[57,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92445,119],{"class":118},[57,92447,101],{"class":93},[57,92449,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92451,101],{"class":93},[57,92453,3883],{"class":97},[57,92455,640],{"class":93},[20,92457,243],{},[48,92459,92461],{"className":50,"code":92460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92462,92463,92477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92464,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92466,60232],{"class":118},[57,92468,101],{"class":93},[57,92470,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92472,107],{"class":93},[57,92474,2692],{"class":1023},[57,92476,112],{"class":93},[57,92478,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92480,258],{"class":93},[57,92482,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92484,107],{"class":93},[57,92486,1143],{"class":1023},[57,92488,107],{"class":93},[57,92490,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92492,107],{"class":93},[57,92494,2686],{"class":1023},[57,92496,288],{"class":93},[20,92498,92499,92500,577,92502,92505],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92501,60232],{},[15,92503,92504],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[43,92507,4751],{"id":4750},[20,92509,33781,92510,94],{},[15,92511,36438],{},[572,92513,92515],{"id":92514},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92517,92518],{},"Many beginners think this:",[48,92520,92522],{"className":50,"code":92521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92523,92524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92525,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92527,119],{"class":118},[57,92529,101],{"class":93},[57,92531,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92533,101],{"class":93},[57,92535,60232],{"class":118},[57,92537,101],{"class":93},[57,92539,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92541,107],{"class":93},[57,92543,4838],{"class":1023},[57,92545,2028],{"class":93},[20,92547,92548],{},"will produce:",[48,92550,92552],{"className":50,"code":92551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92553,92554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92555,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92557,258],{"class":93},[57,92559,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92561,107],{"class":93},[57,92563,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92565,107],{"class":93},[57,92567,2686],{"class":1023},[57,92569,107],{"class":93},[57,92571,2692],{"class":1023},[57,92573,107],{"class":93},[57,92575,4838],{"class":1023},[57,92577,288],{"class":93},[20,92579,92580],{},"But the real output is:",[48,92582,92583],{"className":50,"code":53740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92584,92585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92586,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92588,258],{"class":93},[57,92590,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92592,107],{"class":93},[57,92594,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92596,107],{"class":93},[57,92598,2686],{"class":1023},[57,92600,107],{"class":93},[57,92602,2692],{"class":1023},[57,92604,288],{"class":93},[20,92606,92607],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[572,92609,4812,92611,92613,92614],{"id":92610},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92612,91075],{}," starts at ",[15,92615,3224],{},[20,92617,37708,92618,19198,92620,94],{},[15,92619,1277],{},[15,92621,3224],{},[48,92623,92624],{"className":50,"code":91268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92625,92626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92627,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92629,119],{"class":118},[57,92631,101],{"class":93},[57,92633,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92635,101],{"class":93},[57,92637,60232],{"class":118},[57,92639,101],{"class":93},[57,92641,2372],{"class":1023},[57,92643,2028],{"class":93},[20,92645,243],{},[48,92647,92648],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92649,92650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92651,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92653,258],{"class":93},[57,92655,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92657,107],{"class":93},[57,92659,1143],{"class":1023},[57,92661,107],{"class":93},[57,92663,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92665,107],{"class":93},[57,92667,2686],{"class":1023},[57,92669,107],{"class":93},[57,92671,2692],{"class":1023},[57,92673,288],{"class":93},[572,92675,92677],{"id":92676},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92679,92680,92681,1016],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92682,3193],{},[48,92684,92686],{"className":50,"code":92685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92687,92688,92707,92711,92728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92689,92690,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92691,92692],{"class":63},"user_number ",[57,92694,68],{"class":67},[57,92696,8477],{"class":118},[57,92698,101],{"class":93},[57,92700,104],{"class":71},[57,92702,42111],{"class":75},[57,92704,104],{"class":71},[57,92706,112],{"class":93},[57,92708,92709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92710,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92712,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92726],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92714,6191],{"class":4110},[57,92716,69776],{"class":63},[57,92718,4117],{"class":4110},[57,92720,54305],{"class":118},[57,92722,101],{"class":93},[57,92724,92725],{"class":97},"user_number",[57,92727,8577],{"class":93},[57,92729,92730,92732,92734,92736],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92731,8304],{"class":118},[57,92733,101],{"class":93},[57,92735,36394],{"class":97},[57,92737,112],{"class":93},[20,92739,48747,92740,92742],{},[15,92741,3193],{}," returns a string.",[20,92744,1783],{},[48,92746,92748],{"className":50,"code":92747,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92749,92750,92772,92776,92792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92751,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768,92770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92753,92692],{"class":63},[57,92755,68],{"class":67},[57,92757,45512],{"class":1256},[57,92759,101],{"class":93},[57,92761,42703],{"class":118},[57,92763,101],{"class":93},[57,92765,104],{"class":71},[57,92767,42111],{"class":75},[57,92769,104],{"class":71},[57,92771,640],{"class":93},[57,92773,92774],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,92775,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,92777,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,92779,6191],{"class":4110},[57,92781,69776],{"class":63},[57,92783,4117],{"class":4110},[57,92785,54305],{"class":118},[57,92787,101],{"class":93},[57,92789,92725],{"class":97},[57,92791,8577],{"class":93},[57,92793,92794,92796,92798,92800],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,92795,8304],{"class":118},[57,92797,101],{"class":93},[57,92799,36394],{"class":97},[57,92801,112],{"class":93},[20,92803,92804,92805,94],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[293,92806,50759,92807],{"href":50758},[15,92808,50762],{},[572,92810,92812,92813,92815,92816],{"id":92811},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92814,36312],{}," smaller than ",[15,92817,75653],{},[20,92819,92820],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[48,92822,92823],{"className":50,"code":91750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92824,92825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92826,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92828,119],{"class":118},[57,92830,101],{"class":93},[57,92832,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92834,101],{"class":93},[57,92836,60232],{"class":118},[57,92838,101],{"class":93},[57,92840,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92842,107],{"class":93},[57,92844,4838],{"class":1023},[57,92846,107],{"class":93},[57,92848,2455],{"class":67},[57,92850,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92852,2028],{"class":93},[20,92854,243],{},[48,92856,92857],{"className":50,"code":1506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92858,92859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92860,92861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92862,1506],{"class":93},[20,92864,92865],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[572,92867,25854,92869],{"id":92868},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92870,92871],{},"step = 0",[20,92873,77795],{},[48,92875,92877],{"className":50,"code":92876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92878,92879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92880,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92882,60232],{"class":118},[57,92884,101],{"class":93},[57,92886,3224],{"class":1023},[57,92888,107],{"class":93},[57,92890,6238],{"class":1023},[57,92892,107],{"class":93},[57,92894,4068],{"class":1023},[57,92896,112],{"class":93},[20,92898,92899],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[572,92901,4937,92903,92905],{"id":92902},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92904,36438],{}," is not a list",[20,92907,92908],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[48,92910,92912],{"className":50,"code":92911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92913,92914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92915,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92917,119],{"class":118},[57,92919,101],{"class":93},[57,92921,60232],{"class":118},[57,92923,101],{"class":93},[57,92925,2372],{"class":1023},[57,92927,640],{"class":93},[20,92929,243],{},[48,92931,92933],{"className":50,"code":92932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92934,92935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92936,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92938,60232],{"class":118},[57,92940,101],{"class":93},[57,92942,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92944,107],{"class":93},[57,92946,4838],{"class":1023},[57,92948,112],{"class":93},[20,92950,92951],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[48,92953,92954],{"className":50,"code":91268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92955,92956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92959,119],{"class":118},[57,92961,101],{"class":93},[57,92963,1188],{"class":1256},[57,92965,101],{"class":93},[57,92967,60232],{"class":118},[57,92969,101],{"class":93},[57,92971,2372],{"class":1023},[57,92973,2028],{"class":93},[20,92975,243],{},[48,92977,92978],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92979,92980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92981,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92983,258],{"class":93},[57,92985,1277],{"class":1023},[57,92987,107],{"class":93},[57,92989,1143],{"class":1023},[57,92991,107],{"class":93},[57,92993,1024],{"class":1023},[57,92995,107],{"class":93},[57,92997,2686],{"class":1023},[57,92999,107],{"class":93},[57,93001,2692],{"class":1023},[57,93003,288],{"class":93},[43,93005,93007],{"id":93006},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93009,345,93010,82564],{},[15,93011,36438],{},[48,93013,93015],{"className":50,"code":93014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93016,93017,93031,93049,93071,93099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93018,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93020,119],{"class":118},[57,93022,101],{"class":93},[57,93024,60232],{"class":118},[57,93026,101],{"class":93},[57,93028,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93030,640],{"class":93},[57,93032,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93034,119],{"class":118},[57,93036,101],{"class":93},[57,93038,1188],{"class":1256},[57,93040,101],{"class":93},[57,93042,60232],{"class":118},[57,93044,101],{"class":93},[57,93046,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93048,2028],{"class":93},[57,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93052,119],{"class":118},[57,93054,101],{"class":93},[57,93056,1188],{"class":1256},[57,93058,101],{"class":93},[57,93060,60232],{"class":118},[57,93062,101],{"class":93},[57,93064,1931],{"class":1023},[57,93066,107],{"class":93},[57,93068,6594],{"class":1023},[57,93070,2028],{"class":93},[57,93072,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,93074,119],{"class":118},[57,93076,101],{"class":93},[57,93078,1188],{"class":1256},[57,93080,101],{"class":93},[57,93082,60232],{"class":118},[57,93084,101],{"class":93},[57,93086,941],{"class":1023},[57,93088,107],{"class":93},[57,93090,4068],{"class":1023},[57,93092,107],{"class":93},[57,93094,2455],{"class":67},[57,93096,1931],{"class":1023},[57,93098,2028],{"class":93},[57,93100,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,93102,119],{"class":118},[57,93104,101],{"class":93},[57,93106,1257],{"class":1256},[57,93108,101],{"class":93},[57,93110,60232],{"class":118},[57,93112,101],{"class":93},[57,93114,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93116,2028],{"class":93},[20,93118,26246],{},[30,93120,93121,93124,93127],{},[33,93122,93123],{},"what values are being created",[33,93125,93126],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,93128,93129,93130,24854],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93131,60232],{},[43,93133,2075],{"id":2074},[572,93135,2099,93137,93139],{"id":93136},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93138,36438],{}," include the last number?",[20,93141,93142],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[572,93144,5390,93146,93148,93149,2085],{"id":93145},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93147,91075],{}," start at ",[15,93150,1277],{},[20,93152,93153,93154,94],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93155,1277],{},[572,93157,5402,93159,93161],{"id":93158},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93160,36438],{}," count backward?",[20,93163,93164,93165,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93166,93167],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[572,93169,15135,93171,26281],{"id":93170},"is-range-a-list",[15,93172,36438],{},[20,93174,26284,93175,93177,93178,24175],{},[15,93176,60232],{}," object. Use ",[15,93179,93180],{},"list(range(...))",[572,93182,5390,93184,48921],{"id":93183},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93185,93186],{},"range(input())",[20,93188,93189,3717,93191,94],{},[15,93190,3193],{},[15,93192,93193],{},"int(input())",[43,93195,2132],{"id":2131},[30,93197,93198,93202,93208,93214,93220],{},[33,93199,93200],{},[293,93201,36268],{"href":36267},[33,93203,93204],{},[293,93205,3809,93206,3742],{"href":42598},[15,93207,42601],{},[33,93209,93210],{},[293,93211,3809,93212,3742],{"href":92244},[15,93213,35988],{},[33,93215,93216],{},[293,93217,37759,93218,36849],{"href":36845},[15,93219,35988],{},[33,93221,93222],{},[293,93223,50759,93224],{"href":50758},[15,93225,50762],{},[2161,93227,93228],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":93230},[93231,93232,93234,93240,93248,93255,93257,93269,93270,93282],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":91084,"depth":82,"text":93233},"What range() does",{"id":91177,"depth":82,"text":93235,"children":93236},"range() syntax",[93237,93238,93239],{"id":91257,"depth":115,"text":91260},{"id":91321,"depth":115,"text":91324},{"id":91389,"depth":115,"text":91392},{"id":91460,"depth":82,"text":91461,"children":93241},[93242,93243,93244,93245,93246],{"id":91467,"depth":115,"text":91075},{"id":91530,"depth":115,"text":91533},{"id":91594,"depth":115,"text":91597},{"id":91670,"depth":115,"text":91671},{"id":77039,"depth":115,"text":93247},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91829,"depth":82,"text":93249,"children":93250},"Using range() in a for loop",[93251,93252,93253],{"id":91931,"depth":115,"text":91932},{"id":91976,"depth":115,"text":91977},{"id":92056,"depth":115,"text":93254},"range() and indexing",{"id":92331,"depth":82,"text":93256},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":93258},[93259,93260,93262,93263,93265,93267],{"id":92514,"depth":115,"text":92515},{"id":92610,"depth":115,"text":93261},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92676,"depth":115,"text":92677},{"id":92811,"depth":115,"text":93264},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92868,"depth":115,"text":93266},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92902,"depth":115,"text":93268},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93006,"depth":82,"text":93007},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":93271},[93272,93274,93276,93278,93280],{"id":93136,"depth":115,"text":93273},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93145,"depth":115,"text":93275},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93158,"depth":115,"text":93277},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93170,"depth":115,"text":93279},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93183,"depth":115,"text":93281},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90978,"description":93283},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93290,"title":93291,"body":93292,"description":94965,"extension":2201,"meta":94966,"navigation":217,"path":94967,"seo":94968,"stem":94969,"__hash__":94970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93293,"toc":94938},[93294,93303,93310,93327,93343,93345,93394,93402,93406,93409,93429,93431,93495,93497,93540,93543,93589,93591,93624,93634,93640,93648,93665,93667,93698,93700,93725,93730,93741,93744,93814,93816,93847,93852,93857,93874,93876,93927,93929,93962,93965,93972,93977,93981,93997,93999,94043,94045,94091,94094,94107,94112,94116,94130,94132,94183,94185,94218,94223,94225,94232,94234,94257,94259,94324,94326,94343,94346,94379,94381,94409,94419,94426,94430,94433,94451,94454,94482,94485,94503,94508,94514,94517,94539,94541,94569,94571,94574,94599,94602,94715,94717,94796,94798,94804,94809,94817,94825,94829,94832,94834,94867,94869,94877,94883,94890,94897,94900,94902,94935],[10,93295,3809,93297,577,93299,93302],{"id":93296},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93298,36438],{},[15,93300,93301],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93304,93305,2082,93307,93309],{},[15,93306,36438],{},[15,93308,93301],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,93311,93312,93320],{},[33,93313,93314,93316,93317],{},[15,93315,36438],{}," creates a ",[153,93318,93319],{},"range object",[33,93321,93322,93316,93324],{},[15,93323,93301],{},[153,93325,93326],{},"real list",[20,93328,93329,93330,93332,93333,93336,93337,93339,93340,93342],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93331,91075],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93334,93335],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93338,36438],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93341,93301],{}," when you actually need a list.",[43,93344,3843],{"id":3842},[48,93346,93348],{"className":50,"code":93347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93349,93350,93364,93377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93351,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93353,3853],{"class":63},[57,93355,68],{"class":67},[57,93357,54305],{"class":118},[57,93359,101],{"class":93},[57,93361,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93363,112],{"class":93},[57,93365,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93367,119],{"class":118},[57,93369,101],{"class":93},[57,93371,3883],{"class":97},[57,93373,3896],{"class":93},[57,93375,93376],{"class":132},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[57,93378,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93380,119],{"class":118},[57,93382,101],{"class":93},[57,93384,1188],{"class":1256},[57,93386,101],{"class":93},[57,93388,3883],{"class":97},[57,93390,5594],{"class":93},[57,93392,93393],{"class":132},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93395,136,93396,93398,93399,93401],{},[15,93397,36438],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93400,93301],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[43,93403,93405],{"id":93404},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93407,93408],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,93410,93411,93418,93423,93426],{},[33,93412,93413,22211,93415,93417],{},[15,93414,36438],{},[153,93416,93319],{},", not a list",[33,93419,93420,93422],{},[15,93421,93301],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,93424,93425],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,93427,93428],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93430,179],{},[48,93432,93434],{"className":50,"code":93433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93435,93436,93451,93470,93474,93484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93437,93438,93441,93443,93445,93447,93449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93439,93440],{"class":63},"r ",[57,93442,68],{"class":67},[57,93444,54305],{"class":118},[57,93446,101],{"class":93},[57,93448,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93450,112],{"class":93},[57,93452,93453,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93454,93455],{"class":63},"lst ",[57,93457,68],{"class":67},[57,93459,22796],{"class":1256},[57,93461,101],{"class":93},[57,93463,60232],{"class":118},[57,93465,101],{"class":93},[57,93467,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93469,640],{"class":93},[57,93471,93472],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93473,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,93475,93476,93478,93480,93482],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,93477,119],{"class":118},[57,93479,101],{"class":93},[57,93481,60739],{"class":97},[57,93483,112],{"class":93},[57,93485,93486,93488,93490,93493],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,93487,119],{"class":118},[57,93489,101],{"class":93},[57,93491,93492],{"class":97},"lst",[57,93494,112],{"class":93},[20,93496,243],{},[48,93498,93500],{"className":50,"code":93499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93501,93502,93516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93503,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93505,60232],{"class":118},[57,93507,101],{"class":93},[57,93509,1277],{"class":1023},[57,93511,107],{"class":93},[57,93513,4838],{"class":1023},[57,93515,112],{"class":93},[57,93517,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93519,258],{"class":93},[57,93521,1277],{"class":1023},[57,93523,107],{"class":93},[57,93525,1143],{"class":1023},[57,93527,107],{"class":93},[57,93529,1024],{"class":1023},[57,93531,107],{"class":93},[57,93533,2686],{"class":1023},[57,93535,107],{"class":93},[57,93537,2692],{"class":1023},[57,93539,288],{"class":93},[20,93541,93542],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[48,93544,93546],{"className":50,"code":93545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93547,93548,93566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93551,119],{"class":118},[57,93553,101],{"class":93},[57,93555,1257],{"class":1256},[57,93557,101],{"class":93},[57,93559,60232],{"class":118},[57,93561,101],{"class":93},[57,93563,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93565,2028],{"class":93},[57,93567,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93569,119],{"class":118},[57,93571,101],{"class":93},[57,93573,1257],{"class":1256},[57,93575,101],{"class":93},[57,93577,1188],{"class":1256},[57,93579,101],{"class":93},[57,93581,60232],{"class":118},[57,93583,101],{"class":93},[57,93585,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93587,93588],{"class":93},"))))\n",[20,93590,243],{},[48,93592,93594],{"className":50,"code":93593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93595,93596,93610],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93597,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93599,1323],{"class":67},[57,93601,1327],{"class":1326},[57,93603,271],{"class":71},[57,93605,60232],{"class":75},[57,93607,261],{"class":71},[57,93609,1336],{"class":67},[57,93611,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93613,1323],{"class":67},[57,93615,1327],{"class":1326},[57,93617,271],{"class":71},[57,93619,1188],{"class":75},[57,93621,261],{"class":71},[57,93623,1336],{"class":67},[20,93625,93626,93627,93629,93630,94],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93628,36438],{}," works, see ",[293,93631,3809,93632,3742],{"href":93285},[15,93633,36438],{},[43,93635,143,93637,93639],{"id":93636},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93638,36438],{}," gives you",[20,93641,93642,93644,93645,93647],{},[15,93643,36438],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93646,6191],{}," loops.",[30,93649,93650,93653,93656,93659],{},[33,93651,93652],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93654,93655],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93657,93658],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93660,93661,93662],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93663,93664],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93666,179],{},[48,93668,93670],{"className":50,"code":93669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93671,93672,93688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93673,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93675,6191],{"class":4110},[57,93677,69776],{"class":63},[57,93679,4117],{"class":4110},[57,93681,54305],{"class":118},[57,93683,101],{"class":93},[57,93685,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93687,8577],{"class":93},[57,93689,93690,93692,93694,93696],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93691,8304],{"class":118},[57,93693,101],{"class":93},[57,93695,36394],{"class":97},[57,93697,112],{"class":93},[20,93699,243],{},[48,93701,93703],{"className":50,"code":93702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93704,93705,93709,93713,93717,93721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93706,93707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93708,47488],{"class":1023},[57,93710,93711],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93712,47153],{"class":1023},[57,93714,93715],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93716,17290],{"class":1023},[57,93718,93719],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,93720,46853],{"class":1023},[57,93722,93723],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,93724,48887],{"class":1023},[20,93726,21006,93727,93729],{},[15,93728,91075],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93731,93732,93733,93735,93736,94],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93734,36438],{}," is so common with ",[293,93737,3809,93739,91106],{"href":93738},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93740,6191],{},[20,93742,93743],{},"You can also inspect it:",[48,93745,93747],{"className":50,"code":93746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93748,93749,93771,93775,93785,93799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93750,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93752,93440],{"class":63},[57,93754,68],{"class":67},[57,93756,54305],{"class":118},[57,93758,101],{"class":93},[57,93760,1931],{"class":1023},[57,93762,107],{"class":93},[57,93764,6238],{"class":1023},[57,93766,107],{"class":93},[57,93768,1024],{"class":1023},[57,93770,112],{"class":93},[57,93772,93773],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93774,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,93776,93777,93779,93781,93783],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93778,119],{"class":118},[57,93780,101],{"class":93},[57,93782,60739],{"class":97},[57,93784,112],{"class":93},[57,93786,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,93788,119],{"class":118},[57,93790,101],{"class":93},[57,93792,2009],{"class":118},[57,93794,101],{"class":93},[57,93796,60739],{"class":97},[57,93798,640],{"class":93},[57,93800,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93812],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,93802,119],{"class":118},[57,93804,101],{"class":93},[57,93806,80818],{"class":1023},[57,93808,21409],{"class":4110},[57,93810,93811],{"class":97}," r",[57,93813,112],{"class":93},[20,93815,243],{},[48,93817,93819],{"className":50,"code":93818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93820,93821,93839,93843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93822,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93824,60232],{"class":118},[57,93826,101],{"class":93},[57,93828,1931],{"class":1023},[57,93830,107],{"class":93},[57,93832,6238],{"class":1023},[57,93834,107],{"class":93},[57,93836,1024],{"class":1023},[57,93838,112],{"class":93},[57,93840,93841],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93842,48887],{"class":1023},[57,93844,93845],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93846,4213],{"class":4085},[43,93848,143,93850,93639],{"id":93849},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93851,93301],{},[20,93853,93854,93856],{},[15,93855,93301],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93858,93859,93862,93865,93868],{},[33,93860,93861],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93863,93864],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93866,93867],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93869,93870,93871,93873],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93872,36438],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93875,179],{},[48,93877,93879],{"className":50,"code":93878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93880,93881,93899,93903,93913],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93882,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93884,3853],{"class":63},[57,93886,68],{"class":67},[57,93888,22796],{"class":1256},[57,93890,101],{"class":93},[57,93892,60232],{"class":118},[57,93894,101],{"class":93},[57,93896,2372],{"class":1023},[57,93898,640],{"class":93},[57,93900,93901],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93902,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,93904,93905,93907,93909,93911],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,93906,119],{"class":118},[57,93908,101],{"class":93},[57,93910,3883],{"class":97},[57,93912,112],{"class":93},[57,93914,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,93916,119],{"class":118},[57,93918,101],{"class":93},[57,93920,3883],{"class":97},[57,93922,258],{"class":93},[57,93924,1931],{"class":1023},[57,93926,1280],{"class":93},[20,93928,243],{},[48,93930,93932],{"className":50,"code":93931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93933,93934,93958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93935,93936,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93937,258],{"class":93},[57,93939,1277],{"class":1023},[57,93941,107],{"class":93},[57,93943,1143],{"class":1023},[57,93945,107],{"class":93},[57,93947,1024],{"class":1023},[57,93949,107],{"class":93},[57,93951,2686],{"class":1023},[57,93953,107],{"class":93},[57,93955,2692],{"class":1023},[57,93957,288],{"class":93},[57,93959,93960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,93961,17290],{"class":1023},[20,93963,93964],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93966,93967,93968,94],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[293,93969,3809,93970,3742],{"href":65078},[15,93971,25018],{},[43,93973,1637,93975],{"id":93974},"when-to-use-range",[15,93976,36438],{},[20,93978,136,93979,10835],{},[15,93980,36438],{},[30,93982,93983,93988,93991,93994],{},[33,93984,93985,93986,91835],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93987,6191],{},[33,93989,93990],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93992,93993],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93995,93996],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93998,179],{},[48,94000,94002],{"className":50,"code":94001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94003,94004,94024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94005,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94007,6191],{"class":4110},[57,94009,69776],{"class":63},[57,94011,4117],{"class":4110},[57,94013,54305],{"class":118},[57,94015,101],{"class":93},[57,94017,3224],{"class":1023},[57,94019,107],{"class":93},[57,94021,37884],{"class":1023},[57,94023,8577],{"class":93},[57,94025,94026,94028,94030,94032,94035,94037,94039,94041],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94027,8304],{"class":118},[57,94029,101],{"class":93},[57,94031,104],{"class":71},[57,94033,94034],{"class":75},"Count:",[57,94036,104],{"class":71},[57,94038,107],{"class":93},[57,94040,36369],{"class":97},[57,94042,112],{"class":93},[20,94044,243],{},[48,94046,94048],{"className":50,"code":94047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94049,94050,94059,94067,94075,94083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94051,94052,94055,94057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94053,94054],{"class":63},"Count",[57,94056,1016],{"class":93},[57,94058,29853],{"class":1023},[57,94060,94061,94063,94065],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94062,94054],{"class":63},[57,94064,1016],{"class":93},[57,94066,45825],{"class":1023},[57,94068,94069,94071,94073],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94070,94054],{"class":63},[57,94072,1016],{"class":93},[57,94074,2813],{"class":1023},[57,94076,94077,94079,94081],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,94078,94054],{"class":63},[57,94080,1016],{"class":93},[57,94082,23900],{"class":1023},[57,94084,94085,94087,94089],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,94086,94054],{"class":63},[57,94088,1016],{"class":93},[57,94090,35080],{"class":1023},[20,94092,94093],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94095,94096,94097,94099,94100,62518,94102,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94098,35988],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94101,36839],{},[293,94103,36846,94105,36849],{"href":94104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94106,35988],{},[43,94108,1637,94110],{"id":94109},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94111,93301],{},[20,94113,136,94114,10835],{},[15,94115,93301],{},[30,94117,94118,94121,94124,94127],{},[33,94119,94120],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,94122,94123],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,94125,94126],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,94128,94129],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94131,179],{},[48,94133,94135],{"className":50,"code":94134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94136,94137,94155,94169,94173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94138,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94140,3853],{"class":63},[57,94142,68],{"class":67},[57,94144,22796],{"class":1256},[57,94146,101],{"class":93},[57,94148,60232],{"class":118},[57,94150,101],{"class":93},[57,94152,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94154,640],{"class":93},[57,94156,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94158,3883],{"class":63},[57,94160,94],{"class":93},[57,94162,13784],{"class":97},[57,94164,101],{"class":93},[57,94166,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94168,112],{"class":93},[57,94170,94171],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94172,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,94174,94175,94177,94179,94181],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,94176,119],{"class":118},[57,94178,101],{"class":93},[57,94180,3883],{"class":97},[57,94182,112],{"class":93},[20,94184,243],{},[48,94186,94188],{"className":50,"code":94187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94189,94190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94191,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94193,258],{"class":93},[57,94195,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94197,107],{"class":93},[57,94199,1143],{"class":1023},[57,94201,107],{"class":93},[57,94203,1024],{"class":1023},[57,94205,107],{"class":93},[57,94207,2686],{"class":1023},[57,94209,107],{"class":93},[57,94211,2692],{"class":1023},[57,94213,107],{"class":93},[57,94215,4838],{"class":1023},[57,94217,288],{"class":93},[20,94219,6294,94220,94222],{},[15,94221,3883],{}," is a list.",[43,94224,15829],{"id":15828},[20,94226,94227,94229,94230,94],{},[15,94228,36438],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[153,94231,37838],{},[20,94233,2343],{},[30,94235,94236,94238,94243,94248,94251],{},[33,94237,22221],{},[33,94239,94240,94241],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94242,42601],{},[33,94244,94245,94246],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94247,4117],{},[33,94249,94250],{},"You can index it",[33,94252,94253,94254,94256],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94255,52887],{}," do not work on it",[20,94258,179],{},[48,94260,94262],{"className":50,"code":94261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94263,94264,94278,94282,94296,94310],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94265,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94267,93440],{"class":63},[57,94269,68],{"class":67},[57,94271,54305],{"class":118},[57,94273,101],{"class":93},[57,94275,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94277,112],{"class":93},[57,94279,94280],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94281,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,94283,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94285,119],{"class":118},[57,94287,101],{"class":93},[57,94289,60739],{"class":97},[57,94291,258],{"class":93},[57,94293,1931],{"class":1023},[57,94295,1280],{"class":93},[57,94297,94298,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,94299,119],{"class":118},[57,94301,101],{"class":93},[57,94303,2009],{"class":118},[57,94305,101],{"class":93},[57,94307,60739],{"class":97},[57,94309,640],{"class":93},[57,94311,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,94313,119],{"class":118},[57,94315,101],{"class":93},[57,94317,2299],{"class":1023},[57,94319,21409],{"class":4110},[57,94321,93811],{"class":97},[57,94323,112],{"class":93},[20,94325,243],{},[48,94327,94329],{"className":50,"code":94328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94330,94331,94335,94339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94332,94333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94334,17290],{"class":1023},[57,94336,94337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94338,3182],{"class":1023},[57,94340,94341],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94342,4213],{"class":4085},[20,94344,94345],{},"Now compare that with this:",[48,94347,94349],{"className":50,"code":94348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94350,94351,94365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94352,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94354,93440],{"class":63},[57,94356,68],{"class":67},[57,94358,54305],{"class":118},[57,94360,101],{"class":93},[57,94362,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94364,112],{"class":93},[57,94366,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94368,60739],{"class":63},[57,94370,94],{"class":93},[57,94372,13784],{"class":97},[57,94374,101],{"class":93},[57,94376,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94378,112],{"class":93},[20,94380,243],{},[48,94382,94384],{"className":50,"code":94383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94385,94386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398,94400,94403,94405,94407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94389,25909],{"class":1256},[57,94391,1016],{"class":93},[57,94393,271],{"class":71},[57,94395,60232],{"class":75},[57,94397,261],{"class":71},[57,94399,24854],{"class":1256},[57,94401,94402],{"class":63}," has no attribute ",[57,94404,261],{"class":71},[57,94406,13784],{"class":75},[57,94408,29938],{"class":71},[20,94410,94411,94412,754,94414,758,94416,94418],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94413,52887],{},[15,94415,55764],{},[15,94417,64542],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94420,94421,94422,94],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[293,94423,25917,94424],{"href":35658},[15,94425,34496],{},[43,94427,94429],{"id":94428},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94431,94432],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[48,94434,94435],{"className":50,"code":92911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94436,94437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94438,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94440,119],{"class":118},[57,94442,101],{"class":93},[57,94444,60232],{"class":118},[57,94446,101],{"class":93},[57,94448,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94450,640],{"class":93},[20,94452,94453],{},"to show:",[48,94455,94456],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94457,94458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94461,258],{"class":93},[57,94463,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94465,107],{"class":93},[57,94467,1143],{"class":1023},[57,94469,107],{"class":93},[57,94471,1024],{"class":1023},[57,94473,107],{"class":93},[57,94475,2686],{"class":1023},[57,94477,107],{"class":93},[57,94479,2692],{"class":1023},[57,94481,288],{"class":93},[20,94483,94484],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[48,94486,94487],{"className":50,"code":92932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94488,94489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94490,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94492,60232],{"class":118},[57,94494,101],{"class":93},[57,94496,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94498,107],{"class":93},[57,94500,4838],{"class":1023},[57,94502,112],{"class":93},[20,94504,4861,94505,94507],{},[153,94506,175],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94509,94510,94511,94513],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[153,94512,93319],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94515,94516],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[48,94518,94519],{"className":50,"code":91268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94520,94521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94522,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94524,119],{"class":118},[57,94526,101],{"class":93},[57,94528,1188],{"class":1256},[57,94530,101],{"class":93},[57,94532,60232],{"class":118},[57,94534,101],{"class":93},[57,94536,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94538,2028],{"class":93},[20,94540,243],{},[48,94542,94543],{"className":50,"code":60255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94544,94545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94546,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94548,258],{"class":93},[57,94550,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94552,107],{"class":93},[57,94554,1143],{"class":1023},[57,94556,107],{"class":93},[57,94558,1024],{"class":1023},[57,94560,107],{"class":93},[57,94562,2686],{"class":1023},[57,94564,107],{"class":93},[57,94566,2692],{"class":1023},[57,94568,288],{"class":93},[43,94570,1673],{"id":1672},[20,94572,94573],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94575,94576,94582,94585,94591],{},[33,94577,425,94578,94581],{},[15,94579,94580],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94583,94584],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94586,94587,94588,94590],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94589,36438],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94592,425,94593,94595,94596,94598],{},[15,94594,93301],{}," when plain ",[15,94597,36438],{}," would be simpler",[20,94600,94601],{},"These quick checks can help:",[48,94603,94605],{"className":50,"code":94604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94606,94607,94621,94639,94657,94679,94697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94608,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94610,119],{"class":118},[57,94612,101],{"class":93},[57,94614,60232],{"class":118},[57,94616,101],{"class":93},[57,94618,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94620,640],{"class":93},[57,94622,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94624,119],{"class":118},[57,94626,101],{"class":93},[57,94628,1188],{"class":1256},[57,94630,101],{"class":93},[57,94632,60232],{"class":118},[57,94634,101],{"class":93},[57,94636,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94638,2028],{"class":93},[57,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94642,119],{"class":118},[57,94644,101],{"class":93},[57,94646,1257],{"class":1256},[57,94648,101],{"class":93},[57,94650,60232],{"class":118},[57,94652,101],{"class":93},[57,94654,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94656,2028],{"class":93},[57,94658,94659,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671,94673,94675,94677],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,94660,119],{"class":118},[57,94662,101],{"class":93},[57,94664,1257],{"class":1256},[57,94666,101],{"class":93},[57,94668,1188],{"class":1256},[57,94670,101],{"class":93},[57,94672,60232],{"class":118},[57,94674,101],{"class":93},[57,94676,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94678,93588],{"class":93},[57,94680,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,94682,119],{"class":118},[57,94684,101],{"class":93},[57,94686,2299],{"class":1023},[57,94688,21409],{"class":4110},[57,94690,54305],{"class":118},[57,94692,101],{"class":93},[57,94694,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94696,640],{"class":93},[57,94698,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,94700,119],{"class":118},[57,94702,101],{"class":93},[57,94704,2009],{"class":118},[57,94706,101],{"class":93},[57,94708,60232],{"class":118},[57,94710,101],{"class":93},[57,94712,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94714,2028],{"class":93},[20,94716,243],{},[48,94718,94720],{"className":50,"code":94719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94721,94722,94736,94760,94774,94788,94792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94723,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94725,60232],{"class":118},[57,94727,101],{"class":93},[57,94729,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94731,107],{"class":93},[57,94733,4838],{"class":1023},[57,94735,112],{"class":93},[57,94737,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94739,258],{"class":93},[57,94741,1277],{"class":1023},[57,94743,107],{"class":93},[57,94745,1143],{"class":1023},[57,94747,107],{"class":93},[57,94749,1024],{"class":1023},[57,94751,107],{"class":93},[57,94753,2686],{"class":1023},[57,94755,107],{"class":93},[57,94757,2692],{"class":1023},[57,94759,288],{"class":93},[57,94761,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,94763,1323],{"class":67},[57,94765,1327],{"class":1326},[57,94767,271],{"class":71},[57,94769,60232],{"class":75},[57,94771,261],{"class":71},[57,94773,1336],{"class":67},[57,94775,94776,94778,94780,94782,94784,94786],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,94777,1323],{"class":67},[57,94779,1327],{"class":1326},[57,94781,271],{"class":71},[57,94783,1188],{"class":75},[57,94785,261],{"class":71},[57,94787,1336],{"class":67},[57,94789,94790],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,94791,4213],{"class":4085},[57,94793,94794],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,94795,3182],{"class":1023},[43,94797,2075],{"id":2074},[572,94799,15135,94801,94803],{"id":94800},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94802,36438],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94805,46601,94806,94808],{},[15,94807,36438],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[572,94810,94812,94813,11325,94815,2085],{"id":94811},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94814,36438],{},[15,94816,93301],{},[20,94818,94819,94821,94822,94824],{},[15,94820,36438],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94823,93301],{}," creates a full list.",[572,94826,94828],{"id":94827},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94830,94831],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94833,179],{},[48,94835,94837],{"className":50,"code":94836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94838,94839,94853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94840,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94842,93440],{"class":63},[57,94844,68],{"class":67},[57,94846,54305],{"class":118},[57,94848,101],{"class":93},[57,94850,2372],{"class":1023},[57,94852,112],{"class":93},[57,94854,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,94856,119],{"class":118},[57,94858,101],{"class":93},[57,94860,60739],{"class":97},[57,94862,258],{"class":93},[57,94864,3224],{"class":1023},[57,94866,1280],{"class":93},[20,94868,243],{},[48,94870,94871],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94872,94873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94874,94875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94876,47153],{"class":1023},[572,94878,5390,94880,94882],{"id":94879},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94881,94580],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94884,94885,94886,94889],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94887,94888],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[572,94891,94893,94894,94896],{"id":94892},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94895,36438],{}," to a list?",[20,94898,94899],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[43,94901,2132],{"id":2131},[30,94903,94904,94910,94916,94923,94929],{},[33,94905,94906],{},[293,94907,3809,94908,3742],{"href":93285},[15,94909,36438],{},[33,94911,94912],{},[293,94913,3809,94914,3742],{"href":65078},[15,94915,25018],{},[33,94917,94918],{},[293,94919,3809,94920,94922],{"href":93738},[15,94921,6191],{}," loops explained",[33,94924,94925],{},[293,94926,37759,94927,36849],{"href":94104},[15,94928,35988],{},[33,94930,94931],{},[293,94932,26360,94933],{"href":35658},[15,94934,34496],{},[2161,94936,94937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":94939},[94940,94941,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94951,94952,94953,94964],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":93404,"depth":82,"text":93405},{"id":93636,"depth":82,"text":94943},"What range() gives you",{"id":93849,"depth":82,"text":94945},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93974,"depth":82,"text":94947},"When to use range()",{"id":94109,"depth":82,"text":94949},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15828,"depth":82,"text":15829},{"id":94428,"depth":82,"text":94429},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":94954},[94955,94957,94959,94960,94962],{"id":94800,"depth":115,"text":94956},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94811,"depth":115,"text":94958},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94827,"depth":115,"text":94828},{"id":94879,"depth":115,"text":94961},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94892,"depth":115,"text":94963},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93291,"description":94965},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94972,"title":94973,"body":94974,"description":96410,"extension":2201,"meta":96411,"navigation":217,"path":96412,"seo":96413,"stem":96414,"__hash__":96415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94975,"toc":96376},[94976,94982,94987,94990,95004,95007,95009,95048,95050,95063,95071,95076,95092,95095,95097,95099,95120,95137,95140,95199,95201,95220,95225,95231,95234,95268,95270,95283,95286,95331,95333,95356,95363,95369,95372,95413,95415,95429,95432,95490,95492,95507,95520,95526,95532,95597,95599,95618,95620,95638,95641,95645,95651,95653,95686,95688,95701,95711,95714,95775,95777,95798,95801,95803,95819,95824,95828,95833,95838,95894,95896,95914,95917,95962,95964,95972,95977,95981,95995,95997,96029,96031,96040,96042,96046,96055,96058,96090,96092,96104,96107,96111,96116,96157,96159,96167,96170,96193,96197,96199,96208,96211,96264,96266,96275,96279,96284,96295,96297,96306,96309,96315,96318,96324,96334,96342,96349,96351,96373],[10,94977,3809,94979,3813],{"id":94978},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94980,94981],{},"round()",[20,94983,9358,94984,94986],{},[15,94985,94981],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94988,94989],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94991,94992,94998],{},[33,94993,94994,94997],{},[15,94995,94996],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94999,95000,95003],{},[15,95001,95002],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95005,95006],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[43,95008,46],{"id":45},[48,95010,95012],{"className":50,"code":95011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95013,95014,95030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95015,95016,95018,95020,95023,95025,95028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95017,119],{"class":118},[57,95019,101],{"class":93},[57,95021,95022],{"class":118},"round",[57,95024,101],{"class":93},[57,95026,95027],{"class":1023},"3.14159",[57,95029,640],{"class":93},[57,95031,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95033,119],{"class":118},[57,95035,101],{"class":93},[57,95037,95022],{"class":118},[57,95039,101],{"class":93},[57,95041,95027],{"class":1023},[57,95043,107],{"class":93},[57,95045,1024],{"class":1023},[57,95047,640],{"class":93},[20,95049,243],{},[48,95051,95053],{"className":50,"code":95052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95054,95055,95059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95056,95057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95058,46853],{"class":1023},[57,95060,95061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95062,40417],{"class":1023},[20,95064,136,95065,95067,95068,95070],{},[15,95066,94996],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95069,95002],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[43,95072,143,95074,146],{"id":95073},"what-round-does",[15,95075,94981],{},[30,95077,95078,95083,95086,95089],{},[33,95079,95080,95082],{},[15,95081,94981],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,95084,95085],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,95087,95088],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,95090,95091],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95093,95094],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[43,95096,300],{"id":299},[20,95098,2395],{},[48,95100,95102],{"className":50,"code":95101,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95103,95104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95115,95118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95107,95022],{"class":118},[57,95109,101],{"class":93},[57,95111,2473],{"class":97},[57,95113,95114],{"class":93},"[,",[57,95116,95117],{"class":97}," ndigits",[57,95119,1280],{"class":93},[30,95121,95122,95127,95132],{},[33,95123,95124,95126],{},[15,95125,2473],{}," is the value to round",[33,95128,95129,20274],{},[15,95130,95131],{},"ndigits",[33,95133,95134,95136],{},[15,95135,95131],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95138,95139],{},"Basic examples:",[48,95141,95143],{"className":50,"code":95142,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95144,95145,95160,95178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95146,95147,95149,95151,95153,95155,95158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95148,119],{"class":118},[57,95150,101],{"class":93},[57,95152,95022],{"class":118},[57,95154,101],{"class":93},[57,95156,95157],{"class":1023},"7.8",[57,95159,640],{"class":93},[57,95161,95162,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95163,119],{"class":118},[57,95165,101],{"class":93},[57,95167,95022],{"class":118},[57,95169,101],{"class":93},[57,95171,95157],{"class":1023},[57,95173,107],{"class":93},[57,95175,1143],{"class":1023},[57,95177,640],{"class":93},[57,95179,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188,95191,95193,95195,95197],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95181,119],{"class":118},[57,95183,101],{"class":93},[57,95185,95022],{"class":118},[57,95187,101],{"class":93},[57,95189,95190],{"class":1023},"1234",[57,95192,107],{"class":93},[57,95194,2455],{"class":67},[57,95196,1931],{"class":1023},[57,95198,640],{"class":93},[20,95200,243],{},[48,95202,95204],{"className":50,"code":95203,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95205,95206,95210,95215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95207,95208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95209,2615],{"class":1023},[57,95211,95212],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95213,95214],{"class":1023},"7.8\n",[57,95216,95217],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95218,95219],{"class":1023},"1200\n",[20,95221,95222,95223,94],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[293,95224,2654],{"href":2653},[43,95226,425,95228,95230],{"id":95227},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95229,94981],{}," with one argument",[20,95232,95233],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[48,95235,95237],{"className":50,"code":95236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95238,95239,95253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95242,119],{"class":118},[57,95244,101],{"class":93},[57,95246,95022],{"class":118},[57,95248,101],{"class":93},[57,95250,2596],{"class":1023},[57,95252,640],{"class":93},[57,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95266],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95256,119],{"class":118},[57,95258,101],{"class":93},[57,95260,95022],{"class":118},[57,95262,101],{"class":93},[57,95264,95265],{"class":1023},"4.8",[57,95267,640],{"class":93},[20,95269,243],{},[48,95271,95273],{"className":50,"code":95272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n5\n",[15,95274,95275,95279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95276,95277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95278,48887],{"class":1023},[57,95280,95281],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95282,3182],{"class":1023},[20,95284,95285],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[48,95287,95289],{"className":50,"code":95288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95290,95291,95307,95317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95292,95293,95295,95297,95300,95302,95305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95294,2463],{"class":63},[57,95296,68],{"class":67},[57,95298,95299],{"class":118}," round",[57,95301,101],{"class":93},[57,95303,95304],{"class":1023},"10.2",[57,95306,112],{"class":93},[57,95308,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95310,119],{"class":118},[57,95312,101],{"class":93},[57,95314,2498],{"class":97},[57,95316,112],{"class":93},[57,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95320,119],{"class":118},[57,95322,101],{"class":93},[57,95324,1257],{"class":1256},[57,95326,101],{"class":93},[57,95328,2498],{"class":97},[57,95330,640],{"class":93},[20,95332,243],{},[48,95334,95336],{"className":50,"code":95335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95337,95338,95342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95339,95340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95341,2610],{"class":1023},[57,95343,95344,95346,95348,95350,95352,95354],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95345,1323],{"class":67},[57,95347,1327],{"class":1326},[57,95349,271],{"class":71},[57,95351,2423],{"class":75},[57,95353,261],{"class":71},[57,95355,1336],{"class":67},[20,95357,95358,95359,94],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[293,95360,3809,95361,3742],{"href":3110},[15,95362,3113],{},[43,95364,425,95366,95368],{"id":95365},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95367,94981],{}," with decimal places",[20,95370,95371],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[48,95373,95375],{"className":50,"code":95374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95376,95377,95395],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95378,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95380,119],{"class":118},[57,95382,101],{"class":93},[57,95384,95022],{"class":118},[57,95386,101],{"class":93},[57,95388,95027],{"class":1023},[57,95390,107],{"class":93},[57,95392,1024],{"class":1023},[57,95394,640],{"class":93},[57,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407,95409,95411],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95398,119],{"class":118},[57,95400,101],{"class":93},[57,95402,95022],{"class":118},[57,95404,101],{"class":93},[57,95406,95027],{"class":1023},[57,95408,107],{"class":93},[57,95410,2686],{"class":1023},[57,95412,640],{"class":93},[20,95414,243],{},[48,95416,95418],{"className":50,"code":95417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95419,95420,95424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95421,95422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95423,40417],{"class":1023},[57,95425,95426],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95427,95428],{"class":1023},"3.142\n",[20,95430,95431],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[48,95433,95435],{"className":50,"code":95434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95436,95437,95446,95465,95469,95479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95438,95439,95441,95443],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95440,40627],{"class":63},[57,95442,68],{"class":67},[57,95444,95445],{"class":1023}," 19.9876\n",[57,95447,95448,95451,95453,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95449,95450],{"class":63},"rounded_price ",[57,95452,68],{"class":67},[57,95454,95299],{"class":118},[57,95456,101],{"class":93},[57,95458,25387],{"class":97},[57,95460,107],{"class":93},[57,95462,1024],{"class":1023},[57,95464,112],{"class":93},[57,95466,95467],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95468,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,95470,95471,95473,95475,95477],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,95472,119],{"class":118},[57,95474,101],{"class":93},[57,95476,25387],{"class":97},[57,95478,112],{"class":93},[57,95480,95481,95483,95485,95488],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,95482,119],{"class":118},[57,95484,101],{"class":93},[57,95486,95487],{"class":97},"rounded_price",[57,95489,112],{"class":93},[20,95491,243],{},[48,95493,95495],{"className":50,"code":95494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95496,95497,95502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95498,95499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95500,95501],{"class":1023},"19.9876\n",[57,95503,95504],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95505,95506],{"class":1023},"19.99\n",[20,95508,95509,95510,95513,95514,3114,95516,94],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95511,95512],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[293,95515,41132],{"href":41131},[293,95517,3809,95518,3742],{"href":3117},[15,95519,3120],{},[43,95521,95523,95524],{"id":95522},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95525,95131],{},[20,95527,95528,95529,95531],{},"A negative ",[15,95530,95131],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[48,95533,95535],{"className":50,"code":95534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95536,95537,95557,95577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95538,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551,95553,95555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95540,119],{"class":118},[57,95542,101],{"class":93},[57,95544,95022],{"class":118},[57,95546,101],{"class":93},[57,95548,95190],{"class":1023},[57,95550,107],{"class":93},[57,95552,2455],{"class":67},[57,95554,3224],{"class":1023},[57,95556,640],{"class":93},[57,95558,95559,95561,95563,95565,95567,95569,95571,95573,95575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95560,119],{"class":118},[57,95562,101],{"class":93},[57,95564,95022],{"class":118},[57,95566,101],{"class":93},[57,95568,95190],{"class":1023},[57,95570,107],{"class":93},[57,95572,2455],{"class":67},[57,95574,1931],{"class":1023},[57,95576,640],{"class":93},[57,95578,95579,95581,95583,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95580,119],{"class":118},[57,95582,101],{"class":93},[57,95584,95022],{"class":118},[57,95586,101],{"class":93},[57,95588,95190],{"class":1023},[57,95590,107],{"class":93},[57,95592,2455],{"class":67},[57,95594,2299],{"class":1023},[57,95596,640],{"class":93},[20,95598,243],{},[48,95600,95602],{"className":50,"code":95601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95603,95604,95609,95613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95605,95606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95607,95608],{"class":1023},"1230\n",[57,95610,95611],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95612,95219],{"class":1023},[57,95614,95615],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95616,95617],{"class":1023},"1000\n",[20,95619,65815],{},[30,95621,95622,95627,95633],{},[33,95623,95624,95626],{},[15,95625,66085],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95628,95629,95632],{},[15,95630,95631],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95634,95635,95637],{},[15,95636,47907],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95639,95640],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[43,95642,95644],{"id":95643},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95646,95647,95648,94],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95649,95650],{},".5",[20,95652,5705],{},[48,95654,95656],{"className":50,"code":95655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95657,95658,95672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95661,119],{"class":118},[57,95663,101],{"class":93},[57,95665,95022],{"class":118},[57,95667,101],{"class":93},[57,95669,41399],{"class":1023},[57,95671,640],{"class":93},[57,95673,95674,95676,95678,95680,95682,95684],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95675,119],{"class":118},[57,95677,101],{"class":93},[57,95679,95022],{"class":118},[57,95681,101],{"class":93},[57,95683,2277],{"class":1023},[57,95685,640],{"class":93},[20,95687,243],{},[48,95689,95691],{"className":50,"code":95690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n4\n",[15,95692,95693,95697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95694,95695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95696,17290],{"class":1023},[57,95698,95699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95700,48887],{"class":1023},[20,95702,95703,95704,95707,95708,95710],{},"Python uses ",[153,95705,95706],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95709,95650],{}," situations.",[20,95712,95713],{},"More examples:",[48,95715,95717],{"className":50,"code":95716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95718,95719,95733,95747,95761],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95720,95721,95723,95725,95727,95729,95731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95722,119],{"class":118},[57,95724,101],{"class":93},[57,95726,95022],{"class":118},[57,95728,101],{"class":93},[57,95730,41412],{"class":1023},[57,95732,640],{"class":93},[57,95734,95735,95737,95739,95741,95743,95745],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95736,119],{"class":118},[57,95738,101],{"class":93},[57,95740,95022],{"class":118},[57,95742,101],{"class":93},[57,95744,41399],{"class":1023},[57,95746,640],{"class":93},[57,95748,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95750,119],{"class":118},[57,95752,101],{"class":93},[57,95754,95022],{"class":118},[57,95756,101],{"class":93},[57,95758,2277],{"class":1023},[57,95760,640],{"class":93},[57,95762,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,95764,119],{"class":118},[57,95766,101],{"class":93},[57,95768,95022],{"class":118},[57,95770,101],{"class":93},[57,95772,41364],{"class":1023},[57,95774,640],{"class":93},[20,95776,243],{},[48,95778,95780],{"className":50,"code":95779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95781,95782,95786,95790,95794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95783,95784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95785,17290],{"class":1023},[57,95787,95788],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95789,17290],{"class":1023},[57,95791,95792],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95793,48887],{"class":1023},[57,95795,95796],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,95797,48887],{"class":1023},[20,95799,95800],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95802,10947],{},[30,95804,95805,95812],{},[33,95806,95807,2369,95810],{},[15,95808,95809],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95811,1931],{},[33,95813,95814,2369,95817],{},[15,95815,95816],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95818,2740],{},[20,95820,3406,95821,95823],{},[15,95822,95650],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[43,95825,95827],{"id":95826},"return-values","Return values",[20,95829,95830,95832],{},[15,95831,94981],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95834,41146,95835,95837],{},[153,95836,175],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[48,95839,95841],{"className":50,"code":95840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95842,95843,95852,95856,95866,95884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95844,95845,95847,95849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95846,2681],{"class":63},[57,95848,68],{"class":67},[57,95850,95851],{"class":1023}," 3.14159\n",[57,95853,95854],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95855,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,95857,95858,95860,95862,95864],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95859,119],{"class":118},[57,95861,101],{"class":93},[57,95863,2708],{"class":97},[57,95865,112],{"class":93},[57,95867,95868,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880,95882],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,95869,119],{"class":118},[57,95871,101],{"class":93},[57,95873,95022],{"class":118},[57,95875,101],{"class":93},[57,95877,2708],{"class":97},[57,95879,107],{"class":93},[57,95881,1024],{"class":1023},[57,95883,640],{"class":93},[57,95885,95886,95888,95890,95892],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,95887,119],{"class":118},[57,95889,101],{"class":93},[57,95891,2708],{"class":97},[57,95893,112],{"class":93},[20,95895,243],{},[48,95897,95899],{"className":50,"code":95898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95900,95901,95906,95910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95902,95903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95904,95905],{"class":1023},"3.14159\n",[57,95907,95908],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95909,40417],{"class":1023},[57,95911,95912],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95913,95905],{"class":1023},[20,95915,95916],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[48,95918,95920],{"className":50,"code":95919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95921,95922,95930,95948,95952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95923,95924,95926,95928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95925,2681],{"class":63},[57,95927,68],{"class":67},[57,95929,95851],{"class":1023},[57,95931,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,95933,2681],{"class":63},[57,95935,68],{"class":67},[57,95937,95299],{"class":118},[57,95939,101],{"class":93},[57,95941,2708],{"class":97},[57,95943,107],{"class":93},[57,95945,1024],{"class":1023},[57,95947,112],{"class":93},[57,95949,95950],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,95951,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,95953,95954,95956,95958,95960],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,95955,119],{"class":118},[57,95957,101],{"class":93},[57,95959,2708],{"class":97},[57,95961,112],{"class":93},[20,95963,243],{},[48,95965,95966],{"className":50,"code":40417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95967,95968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95969,95970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95971,40417],{"class":1023},[43,95973,1637,95975],{"id":95974},"when-to-use-round",[15,95976,94981],{},[20,95978,136,95979,6552],{},[15,95980,94981],{},[30,95982,95983,95986,95989,95992],{},[33,95984,95985],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95987,95988],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95990,95991],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95993,95994],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95996,5705],{},[48,95998,96000],{"className":50,"code":95999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96001,96002,96011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96003,96004,96006,96008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96005,2832],{"class":63},[57,96007,68],{"class":67},[57,96009,96010],{"class":1023}," 12.67891\n",[57,96012,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96014,119],{"class":118},[57,96016,101],{"class":93},[57,96018,95022],{"class":118},[57,96020,101],{"class":93},[57,96022,2855],{"class":97},[57,96024,107],{"class":93},[57,96026,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96028,640],{"class":93},[20,96030,243],{},[48,96032,96034],{"className":50,"code":96033,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"12.68\n",[15,96035,96036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96037,96038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96039,96033],{"class":1023},[43,96041,1673],{"id":1672},[20,96043,23331,96044,94],{},[15,96045,94981],{},[572,96047,8688,96049,96051,96052,96054],{"id":96048},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96050,94981],{}," to always round ",[15,96053,95650],{}," upward",[20,96056,96057],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[48,96059,96060],{"className":50,"code":95655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96061,96062,96076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96063,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96065,119],{"class":118},[57,96067,101],{"class":93},[57,96069,95022],{"class":118},[57,96071,101],{"class":93},[57,96073,41399],{"class":1023},[57,96075,640],{"class":93},[57,96077,96078,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96079,119],{"class":118},[57,96081,101],{"class":93},[57,96083,95022],{"class":118},[57,96085,101],{"class":93},[57,96087,2277],{"class":1023},[57,96089,640],{"class":93},[20,96091,243],{},[48,96093,96094],{"className":50,"code":95690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96095,96096,96100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96097,96098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96099,17290],{"class":1023},[57,96101,96102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96103,48887],{"class":1023},[20,96105,96106],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[572,96108,96110],{"id":96109},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96112,96113,96115],{},[15,96114,94981],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[48,96117,96119],{"className":50,"code":96118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96120,96121,96129,96143,96147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96122,96123,96125,96127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96124,2681],{"class":63},[57,96126,68],{"class":67},[57,96128,95851],{"class":1023},[57,96130,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96132,95022],{"class":118},[57,96134,101],{"class":93},[57,96136,2708],{"class":97},[57,96138,107],{"class":93},[57,96140,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96142,112],{"class":93},[57,96144,96145],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96146,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,96148,96149,96151,96153,96155],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,96150,119],{"class":118},[57,96152,101],{"class":93},[57,96154,2708],{"class":97},[57,96156,112],{"class":93},[20,96158,243],{},[48,96160,96161],{"className":50,"code":95905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96162,96163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96164,96165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96166,95905],{"class":1023},[20,96168,96169],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[48,96171,96173],{"className":50,"code":96172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96174,96175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96176,96177,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96178,2681],{"class":63},[57,96180,68],{"class":67},[57,96182,95299],{"class":118},[57,96184,101],{"class":93},[57,96186,2708],{"class":97},[57,96188,107],{"class":93},[57,96190,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96192,112],{"class":93},[572,96194,96196],{"id":96195},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96198,16634],{},[48,96200,96202],{"className":50,"code":96201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96203,96204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96205,96206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96207,96201],{"class":132},[20,96209,96210],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[48,96212,96214],{"className":50,"code":96213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96215,96216,96228,96242,96246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96217,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96219,64],{"class":63},[57,96221,68],{"class":67},[57,96223,72],{"class":71},[57,96225,40383],{"class":75},[57,96227,79],{"class":71},[57,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96231,2450],{"class":63},[57,96233,68],{"class":67},[57,96235,40495],{"class":1256},[57,96237,101],{"class":93},[57,96239,227],{"class":97},[57,96241,112],{"class":93},[57,96243,96244],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96245,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,96247,96248,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,96249,119],{"class":118},[57,96251,101],{"class":93},[57,96253,95022],{"class":118},[57,96255,101],{"class":93},[57,96257,2473],{"class":97},[57,96259,107],{"class":93},[57,96261,1143],{"class":1023},[57,96263,640],{"class":93},[20,96265,243],{},[48,96267,96269],{"className":50,"code":96268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.1\n",[15,96270,96271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96272,96273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96274,96268],{"class":1023},[572,96276,96278],{"id":96277},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96280,96281,96283],{},[15,96282,94981],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96285,96286,96287,3114,96291,94],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[293,96288,96289],{"href":3117},[15,96290,3120],{},[293,96292,96293],{"href":3110},[15,96294,3113],{},[43,96296,2075],{"id":2074},[572,96298,2099,96300,96302,96303,96305],{"id":96299},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96301,94981],{}," always round ",[15,96304,40454],{}," up?",[20,96307,96308],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[572,96310,2099,96312,96314],{"id":96311},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96313,94981],{}," change the original number?",[20,96316,96317],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[572,96319,5402,96321,96323],{"id":96320},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96322,94981],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96325,96326,96327,96329,96330,3114,96332,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96328,95131],{}," value like ",[15,96331,66085],{},[15,96333,95631],{},[572,96335,28567,96337,96339,96340,2085],{"id":96336},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96338,94981],{}," on a string like ",[15,96341,48331],{},[20,96343,96344,96345,3114,96347,94],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96346,3120],{},[15,96348,3113],{},[43,96350,2132],{"id":2131},[30,96352,96353,96359,96365,96369],{},[33,96354,96355],{},[293,96356,3809,96357,3742],{"href":3117},[15,96358,3120],{},[33,96360,96361],{},[293,96362,3809,96363,3742],{"href":3110},[15,96364,3113],{},[33,96366,96367],{},[293,96368,2654],{"href":2653},[33,96370,96371],{},[293,96372,42421],{"href":41131},[2161,96374,96375],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":96377},[96378,96379,96381,96382,96384,96386,96388,96389,96390,96392,96399,96409],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":95073,"depth":82,"text":96380},"What round() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":95227,"depth":82,"text":96383},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95365,"depth":82,"text":96385},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95522,"depth":82,"text":96387},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95643,"depth":82,"text":95644},{"id":95826,"depth":82,"text":95827},{"id":95974,"depth":82,"text":96391},"When to use round()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":96393},[96394,96396,96397,96398],{"id":96048,"depth":115,"text":96395},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96109,"depth":115,"text":96110},{"id":96195,"depth":115,"text":96196},{"id":96277,"depth":115,"text":96278},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":96400},[96401,96403,96405,96407],{"id":96299,"depth":115,"text":96402},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96311,"depth":115,"text":96404},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96320,"depth":115,"text":96406},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96336,"depth":115,"text":96408},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94973,"description":96410},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96417,"title":96418,"body":96419,"description":97604,"extension":2201,"meta":97605,"navigation":217,"path":97606,"seo":97607,"stem":97608,"__hash__":97609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96420,"toc":97578},[96421,96428,96434,96437,96439,96488,96492,96517,96522,96527,96532,96546,96557,96559,96578,96580,96596,96599,96610,96612,96614,96675,96679,96712,96719,96726,96729,96762,96765,96769,96772,96825,96829,96850,96856,96863,96870,96931,96939,97016,97020,97032,97041,97043,97049,97055,97059,97112,97115,97173,97177,97185,97188,97192,97195,97205,97207,97304,97307,97318,97321,97364,97368,97392,97395,97401,97403,97407,97432,97434,97501,97510,97512,97518,97523,97527,97530,97534,97541,97545,97550,97552,97569,97575],[10,96422,96424,96425,18],{"id":96423},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96426,96427],{},"add()",[20,96429,96430,96433],{},[15,96431,96432],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96435,96436],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,96438,46],{"id":45},[48,96440,96442],{"className":50,"code":96441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96443,96444,96464,96478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96447,3853],{"class":63},[57,96449,68],{"class":67},[57,96451,10725],{"class":93},[57,96453,3224],{"class":1023},[57,96455,107],{"class":93},[57,96457,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96459,107],{"class":93},[57,96461,2686],{"class":1023},[57,96463,9544],{"class":93},[57,96465,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96467,3883],{"class":63},[57,96469,94],{"class":93},[57,96471,82330],{"class":97},[57,96473,101],{"class":93},[57,96475,2740],{"class":1023},[57,96477,112],{"class":93},[57,96479,96480,96482,96484,96486],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96481,119],{"class":118},[57,96483,101],{"class":93},[57,96485,3883],{"class":97},[57,96487,112],{"class":93},[20,96489,96490],{},[153,96491,243],{},[48,96493,96495],{"className":50,"code":96494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96496,96497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96498,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96500,9514],{"class":93},[57,96502,3224],{"class":1023},[57,96504,107],{"class":93},[57,96506,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96508,107],{"class":93},[57,96510,2686],{"class":1023},[57,96512,107],{"class":93},[57,96514,2692],{"class":1023},[57,96516,9544],{"class":93},[20,96518,136,96519,96521],{},[15,96520,96427],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,96523,143,96525,146],{"id":96524},"what-setadd-does",[15,96526,96432],{},[20,96528,96529,96531],{},[15,96530,96432],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96533,96534,96537,96540,96543],{},[33,96535,96536],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96538,96539],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96541,96542],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96544,96545],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96547,96548,96549,3114,96553,94],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[293,96550,96552],{"href":96551},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[293,96554,96556],{"href":96555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[43,96558,300],{"id":299},[48,96560,96562],{"className":50,"code":96561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96563,96564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96565,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96567,15899],{"class":63},[57,96569,94],{"class":93},[57,96571,82330],{"class":97},[57,96573,101],{"class":93},[57,96575,23547],{"class":97},[57,96577,112],{"class":93},[20,96579,11690],{},[30,96581,96582,96587,96590],{},[33,96583,56144,96584,96586],{},[15,96585,96427],{}," on an existing set",[33,96588,96589],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96591,96592,96593],{},"The item must be ",[153,96594,96595],{},"hashable",[20,96597,96598],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96600,96601,96603,96605,96608],{},[33,96602,56697],{},[33,96604,56700],{},[33,96606,96607],{},"Tuples",[33,96609,40835],{},[43,96611,11707],{"id":11706},[20,96613,11710],{},[48,96615,96617],{"className":50,"code":96616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96618,96619,96643,96661,96665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96620,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96622,13308],{"class":63},[57,96624,68],{"class":67},[57,96626,10725],{"class":93},[57,96628,104],{"class":71},[57,96630,264],{"class":75},[57,96632,104],{"class":71},[57,96634,107],{"class":93},[57,96636,72],{"class":71},[57,96638,274],{"class":75},[57,96640,104],{"class":71},[57,96642,9544],{"class":93},[57,96644,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96646,17736],{"class":63},[57,96648,94],{"class":93},[57,96650,82330],{"class":97},[57,96652,101],{"class":93},[57,96654,104],{"class":71},[57,96656,283],{"class":75},[57,96658,104],{"class":71},[57,96660,112],{"class":93},[57,96662,96663],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96664,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,96666,96667,96669,96671,96673],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,96668,119],{"class":118},[57,96670,101],{"class":93},[57,96672,17736],{"class":97},[57,96674,112],{"class":93},[20,96676,96677],{},[153,96678,30268],{},[48,96680,96682],{"className":50,"code":96681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96683,96684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96685,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96687,9514],{"class":93},[57,96689,261],{"class":71},[57,96691,264],{"class":75},[57,96693,261],{"class":71},[57,96695,107],{"class":93},[57,96697,271],{"class":71},[57,96699,283],{"class":75},[57,96701,261],{"class":71},[57,96703,107],{"class":93},[57,96705,271],{"class":71},[57,96707,274],{"class":75},[57,96709,261],{"class":71},[57,96711,9544],{"class":93},[20,96713,96714,96715,96718],{},"The new value ",[15,96716,96717],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96720,96721,96722,96725],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[153,96723,96724],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96727,96728],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[48,96730,96732],{"className":50,"code":96731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96733,96734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96735,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96737,9514],{"class":93},[57,96739,261],{"class":71},[57,96741,274],{"class":75},[57,96743,261],{"class":71},[57,96745,107],{"class":93},[57,96747,271],{"class":71},[57,96749,264],{"class":75},[57,96751,261],{"class":71},[57,96753,107],{"class":93},[57,96755,271],{"class":71},[57,96757,283],{"class":75},[57,96759,261],{"class":71},[57,96761,9544],{"class":93},[20,96763,96764],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[43,96766,96768],{"id":96767},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96770,96771],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[48,96773,96775],{"className":50,"code":96774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96776,96777,96797,96811,96815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96778,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96780,3853],{"class":63},[57,96782,68],{"class":67},[57,96784,10725],{"class":93},[57,96786,3224],{"class":1023},[57,96788,107],{"class":93},[57,96790,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96792,107],{"class":93},[57,96794,2686],{"class":1023},[57,96796,9544],{"class":93},[57,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96800,3883],{"class":63},[57,96802,94],{"class":93},[57,96804,82330],{"class":97},[57,96806,101],{"class":93},[57,96808,1931],{"class":1023},[57,96810,112],{"class":93},[57,96812,96813],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96814,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,96816,96817,96819,96821,96823],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,96818,119],{"class":118},[57,96820,101],{"class":93},[57,96822,3883],{"class":97},[57,96824,112],{"class":93},[20,96826,96827],{},[153,96828,243],{},[48,96830,96832],{"className":50,"code":96831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96833,96834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96835,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96837,9514],{"class":93},[57,96839,3224],{"class":1023},[57,96841,107],{"class":93},[57,96843,1024],{"class":1023},[57,96845,107],{"class":93},[57,96847,2686],{"class":1023},[57,96849,9544],{"class":93},[20,96851,96852,96853,96855],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96854,1931],{}," was already present.",[43,96857,96859,577,96861],{"id":96858},"add-vs-update",[15,96860,96427],{},[15,96862,15186],{},[20,96864,136,96865,96867,96868,94],{},[15,96866,96427],{}," when you want to add ",[153,96869,52891],{},[48,96871,96873],{"className":50,"code":96872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96874,96875,96899,96917,96921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96876,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96878,36330],{"class":63},[57,96880,68],{"class":67},[57,96882,10725],{"class":93},[57,96884,104],{"class":71},[57,96886,293],{"class":75},[57,96888,104],{"class":71},[57,96890,107],{"class":93},[57,96892,72],{"class":71},[57,96894,664],{"class":75},[57,96896,104],{"class":71},[57,96898,9544],{"class":93},[57,96900,96901,96903,96905,96907,96909,96911,96913,96915],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96902,36383],{"class":63},[57,96904,94],{"class":93},[57,96906,82330],{"class":97},[57,96908,101],{"class":93},[57,96910,104],{"class":71},[57,96912,673],{"class":75},[57,96914,104],{"class":71},[57,96916,112],{"class":93},[57,96918,96919],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,96920,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,96922,96923,96925,96927,96929],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,96924,119],{"class":118},[57,96926,101],{"class":93},[57,96928,36383],{"class":97},[57,96930,112],{"class":93},[20,96932,136,96933,96867,96935,96938],{},[15,96934,15186],{},[153,96936,96937],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[48,96940,96942],{"className":50,"code":96941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96943,96944,96968,97002,97006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96945,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96947,36330],{"class":63},[57,96949,68],{"class":67},[57,96951,10725],{"class":93},[57,96953,104],{"class":71},[57,96955,293],{"class":75},[57,96957,104],{"class":71},[57,96959,107],{"class":93},[57,96961,72],{"class":71},[57,96963,664],{"class":75},[57,96965,104],{"class":71},[57,96967,9544],{"class":93},[57,96969,96970,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,96971,36383],{"class":63},[57,96973,94],{"class":93},[57,96975,30703],{"class":97},[57,96977,3221],{"class":93},[57,96979,104],{"class":71},[57,96981,673],{"class":75},[57,96983,104],{"class":71},[57,96985,107],{"class":93},[57,96987,72],{"class":71},[57,96989,19002],{"class":75},[57,96991,104],{"class":71},[57,96993,107],{"class":93},[57,96995,72],{"class":71},[57,96997,60681],{"class":75},[57,96999,104],{"class":71},[57,97001,1280],{"class":93},[57,97003,97004],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97005,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97007,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97009,119],{"class":118},[57,97011,101],{"class":93},[57,97013,36383],{"class":97},[57,97015,112],{"class":93},[572,97017,97019],{"id":97018},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,97021,97022,97027],{},[33,97023,97024,97026],{},[15,97025,96427],{}," adds one item",[33,97028,97029,97031],{},[15,97030,15186],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97033,97034,97035,94],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[293,97036,97038,97039,742],{"href":97037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97040,15186],{},[43,97042,17653],{"id":17652},[20,97044,97045,2631,97047,94],{},[15,97046,96432],{},[15,97048,4012],{},[20,97050,97051,97052,97054],{},"That means you should ",[153,97053,175],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[572,97056,97058],{"id":97057},"correct","Correct",[48,97060,97062],{"className":50,"code":97061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97063,97064,97084,97098,97102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97065,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97067,15861],{"class":63},[57,97069,68],{"class":67},[57,97071,10725],{"class":93},[57,97073,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97075,107],{"class":93},[57,97077,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97079,107],{"class":93},[57,97081,2686],{"class":1023},[57,97083,9544],{"class":93},[57,97085,97086,97088,97090,97092,97094,97096],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97087,15899],{"class":63},[57,97089,94],{"class":93},[57,97091,82330],{"class":97},[57,97093,101],{"class":93},[57,97095,2740],{"class":1023},[57,97097,112],{"class":93},[57,97099,97100],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97101,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97105,119],{"class":118},[57,97107,101],{"class":93},[57,97109,15899],{"class":97},[57,97111,112],{"class":93},[572,97113,97114],{"id":61999},"Wrong",[48,97116,97118],{"className":50,"code":97117,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97119,97120,97140,97159,97163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97123,15861],{"class":63},[57,97125,68],{"class":67},[57,97127,10725],{"class":93},[57,97129,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97131,107],{"class":93},[57,97133,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97135,107],{"class":93},[57,97137,2686],{"class":1023},[57,97139,9544],{"class":93},[57,97141,97142,97144,97146,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97143,15861],{"class":63},[57,97145,68],{"class":67},[57,97147,97148],{"class":63}," my_set",[57,97150,94],{"class":93},[57,97152,82330],{"class":97},[57,97154,101],{"class":93},[57,97156,2740],{"class":1023},[57,97158,112],{"class":93},[57,97160,97161],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97162,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97166,119],{"class":118},[57,97168,101],{"class":93},[57,97170,15899],{"class":97},[57,97172,112],{"class":93},[20,97174,97175],{},[153,97176,243],{},[48,97178,97179],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97180,97181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97182,97183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97184,12040],{"class":4085},[20,97186,97187],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[43,97189,97191],{"id":97190},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97193,97194],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,97196,97197,97199,97201,97203],{},[33,97198,56697],{},[33,97200,56700],{},[33,97202,96607],{},[33,97204,40835],{},[20,97206,179],{},[48,97208,97210],{"className":50,"code":97209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97211,97212,97222,97226,97240,97258,97276,97290,97294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97213,97214,97216,97218,97220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97215,8014],{"class":63},[57,97217,68],{"class":67},[57,97219,15866],{"class":1256},[57,97221,212],{"class":93},[57,97223,97224],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97225,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97227,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97229,8045],{"class":63},[57,97231,94],{"class":93},[57,97233,82330],{"class":97},[57,97235,101],{"class":93},[57,97237,941],{"class":1023},[57,97239,112],{"class":93},[57,97241,97242,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97243,8045],{"class":63},[57,97245,94],{"class":93},[57,97247,82330],{"class":97},[57,97249,101],{"class":93},[57,97251,104],{"class":71},[57,97253,1590],{"class":75},[57,97255,104],{"class":71},[57,97257,112],{"class":93},[57,97259,97260,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,97261,8045],{"class":63},[57,97263,94],{"class":93},[57,97265,82330],{"class":97},[57,97267,5743],{"class":93},[57,97269,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97271,107],{"class":93},[57,97273,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97275,640],{"class":93},[57,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,97279,8045],{"class":63},[57,97281,94],{"class":93},[57,97283,82330],{"class":97},[57,97285,101],{"class":93},[57,97287,3838],{"class":4085},[57,97289,112],{"class":93},[57,97291,97292],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,97293,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97295,97296,97298,97300,97302],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,97297,119],{"class":118},[57,97299,101],{"class":93},[57,97301,8045],{"class":97},[57,97303,112],{"class":93},[20,97305,97306],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,97308,97309,97312,97315],{},[33,97310,97311],{},"Lists",[33,97313,97314],{},"Dictionaries",[33,97316,97317],{},"Sets",[20,97319,97320],{},"Example that causes an error:",[48,97322,97324],{"className":50,"code":97323,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97325,97326,97346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97327,97328,97330,97332,97334,97336,97338,97340,97342,97344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97329,8014],{"class":63},[57,97331,68],{"class":67},[57,97333,10725],{"class":93},[57,97335,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97337,107],{"class":93},[57,97339,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97341,107],{"class":93},[57,97343,2686],{"class":1023},[57,97345,9544],{"class":93},[57,97347,97348,97350,97352,97354,97356,97358,97360,97362],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97349,8045],{"class":63},[57,97351,94],{"class":93},[57,97353,82330],{"class":97},[57,97355,3221],{"class":93},[57,97357,2740],{"class":1023},[57,97359,107],{"class":93},[57,97361,4838],{"class":1023},[57,97363,1280],{"class":93},[20,97365,97366],{},[153,97367,29919],{},[48,97369,97371],{"className":50,"code":97370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97372,97373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97374,97375,97377,97379,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97376,3241],{"class":1256},[57,97378,1016],{"class":93},[57,97380,97381],{"class":63}," unhashable ",[57,97383,1257],{"class":1256},[57,97385,1016],{"class":93},[57,97387,271],{"class":71},[57,97389,1188],{"class":75},[57,97391,29938],{"class":71},[20,97393,97394],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97396,97397,97398,94],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97399,97400],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[43,97402,1673],{"id":1672},[20,97404,14965,97405,1016],{},[15,97406,96432],{},[30,97408,97409,97414,97419,97422,97429],{},[33,97410,425,97411,97413],{},[15,97412,96427],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,97415,8688,97416,97418],{},[15,97417,96427],{}," to return the updated set",[33,97420,97421],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,97423,37444,97424,97426,97427],{},[15,97425,96432],{}," with list ",[15,97428,52887],{},[33,97430,97431],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97433,71733],{},[48,97435,97437],{"className":50,"code":97436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97438,97439,97449,97463,97473,97487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97440,97441,97443,97445,97447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97442,119],{"class":118},[57,97444,101],{"class":93},[57,97446,15899],{"class":97},[57,97448,112],{"class":93},[57,97450,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459,97461],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97452,119],{"class":118},[57,97454,101],{"class":93},[57,97456,1257],{"class":1256},[57,97458,101],{"class":93},[57,97460,15899],{"class":97},[57,97462,640],{"class":93},[57,97464,97465,97467,97469,97471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97466,119],{"class":118},[57,97468,101],{"class":93},[57,97470,2708],{"class":97},[57,97472,112],{"class":93},[57,97474,97475,97477,97479,97481,97483,97485],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97476,119],{"class":118},[57,97478,101],{"class":93},[57,97480,1257],{"class":1256},[57,97482,101],{"class":93},[57,97484,2708],{"class":97},[57,97486,640],{"class":93},[57,97488,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,97490,32392],{"class":118},[57,97492,101],{"class":93},[57,97494,6521],{"class":1256},[57,97496,94],{"class":93},[57,97498,82330],{"class":24987},[57,97500,112],{"class":93},[20,97502,97503,97504,97506,97507,94],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97505,96432],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[293,97508,53284],{"href":97509},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[43,97511,2075],{"id":2074},[572,97513,2099,97515,97517],{"id":97514},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97516,96432],{}," return a new set?",[20,97519,97520,97521,94],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97522,4012],{},[572,97524,97526],{"id":97525},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97528,97529],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[572,97531,97533],{"id":97532},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97535,136,97536,11325,97539,94],{},[15,97537,97538],{},"set.update()",[15,97540,96427],{},[572,97542,97544],{"id":97543},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97546,97547,97548,94],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97549,3241],{},[43,97551,2132],{"id":2131},[30,97553,97554,97558,97563],{},[33,97555,97556],{},[293,97557,96552],{"href":96551},[33,97559,97560],{},[293,97561,97562],{"href":96555},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97564,97565],{},[293,97566,97038,97567,742],{"href":97037},[15,97568,15186],{},[20,97570,97571,97572,97574],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97573,96427],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2161,97576,97577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":97579},[97580,97581,97583,97584,97585,97586,97590,97594,97595,97596,97603],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":96524,"depth":82,"text":97582},"What set.add() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":96767,"depth":82,"text":96768},{"id":96858,"depth":82,"text":97587,"children":97588},"add() vs update()",[97589],{"id":97018,"depth":115,"text":97019},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653,"children":97591},[97592,97593],{"id":97057,"depth":115,"text":97058},{"id":61999,"depth":115,"text":97114},{"id":97190,"depth":82,"text":97191},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":97597},[97598,97600,97601,97602],{"id":97514,"depth":115,"text":97599},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97525,"depth":115,"text":97526},{"id":97532,"depth":115,"text":97533},{"id":97543,"depth":115,"text":97544},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96418,"description":97604},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97611,"title":97612,"body":97613,"description":98782,"extension":2201,"meta":98783,"navigation":217,"path":98784,"seo":98785,"stem":98786,"__hash__":98787},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97614,"toc":98749},[97615,97620,97626,97633,97678,97680,97691,97696,97701,97705,97719,97724,97726,97728,97743,97745,97759,97761,97763,97828,97830,97840,97842,97860,97866,97873,97878,97952,97954,97971,97977,97982,98053,98055,98082,98099,98102,98108,98110,98117,98121,98188,98190,98205,98208,98261,98263,98271,98283,98285,98289,98294,98296,98345,98347,98355,98357,98402,98404,98414,98420,98428,98441,98447,98449,98478,98480,98498,98502,98505,98536,98538,98556,98560,98635,98637,98653,98660,98662,98667,98672,98678,98681,98685,98693,98700,98708,98710,98746],[10,97616,96424,97618,18],{"id":97617},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97619,11553],{},[20,97621,97622,97625],{},[15,97623,97624],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97627,97628,97629,97632],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[153,97630,97631],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[48,97634,97636],{"className":50,"code":97635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97637,97638,97658,97668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97639,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97641,3853],{"class":63},[57,97643,68],{"class":67},[57,97645,10725],{"class":93},[57,97647,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97649,107],{"class":93},[57,97651,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97653,107],{"class":93},[57,97655,2686],{"class":1023},[57,97657,9544],{"class":93},[57,97659,97660,97662,97664,97666],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97661,3883],{"class":63},[57,97663,94],{"class":93},[57,97665,11614],{"class":97},[57,97667,212],{"class":93},[57,97669,97670,97672,97674,97676],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97671,119],{"class":118},[57,97673,101],{"class":93},[57,97675,3883],{"class":97},[57,97677,112],{"class":93},[20,97679,243],{},[48,97681,97683],{"className":50,"code":97682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n",[15,97684,97685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97686,97687,97689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97688,6521],{"class":1256},[57,97690,212],{"class":93},[20,97692,97693,97695],{},[15,97694,11553],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[43,97697,143,97699,146],{"id":97698},"what-setclear-does",[15,97700,97624],{},[20,97702,2218,97703,11644],{},[15,97704,11553],{},[30,97706,97707,97710,97712,97716],{},[33,97708,97709],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97711,96539],{},[33,97713,11655,97714],{},[15,97715,4012],{},[33,97717,97718],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97720,96548,97721,71832],{},[293,97722,96552],{"href":97723},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[43,97725,300],{"id":299},[20,97727,54682],{},[48,97729,97731],{"className":50,"code":97730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97732,97733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97734,97735,97737,97739,97741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97736,15899],{"class":63},[57,97738,94],{"class":93},[57,97740,11614],{"class":97},[57,97742,212],{"class":93},[20,97744,13284],{},[30,97746,97747,97750,97753,97756],{},[33,97748,97749],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97751,97752],{},"It empties the set",[33,97754,97755],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97757,97758],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[43,97760,11707],{"id":11706},[20,97762,11710],{},[48,97764,97766],{"className":50,"code":97765,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97767,97768,97800,97804,97814,97818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97769,97770,97772,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790,97792,97794,97796,97798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97771,13308],{"class":63},[57,97773,68],{"class":67},[57,97775,10725],{"class":93},[57,97777,104],{"class":71},[57,97779,264],{"class":75},[57,97781,104],{"class":71},[57,97783,107],{"class":93},[57,97785,72],{"class":71},[57,97787,283],{"class":75},[57,97789,104],{"class":71},[57,97791,107],{"class":93},[57,97793,72],{"class":71},[57,97795,274],{"class":75},[57,97797,104],{"class":71},[57,97799,9544],{"class":93},[57,97801,97802],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97803,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97805,97806,97808,97810,97812],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97807,17736],{"class":63},[57,97809,94],{"class":93},[57,97811,11614],{"class":97},[57,97813,212],{"class":93},[57,97815,97816],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97817,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97819,97820,97822,97824,97826],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,97821,119],{"class":118},[57,97823,101],{"class":93},[57,97825,17736],{"class":97},[57,97827,112],{"class":93},[20,97829,243],{},[48,97831,97832],{"className":50,"code":97682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97833,97834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97835,97836,97838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97837,6521],{"class":1256},[57,97839,212],{"class":93},[20,97841,11916],{},[30,97843,97844,97849,97854],{},[33,97845,97846,97848],{},[15,97847,17736],{}," starts with three values",[33,97850,97851,11929],{},[15,97852,97853],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97855,97856,97857,97859],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97858,4031],{},", which means an empty set",[43,97861,97863,97865],{"id":97862},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97864,11553],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97867,97868,2082,97870,97872],{},[15,97869,11553],{},[15,97871,4031],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[572,97874,425,97876],{"id":97875},"using-clear",[15,97877,11553],{},[48,97879,97881],{"className":50,"code":97880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97882,97883,97903,97913,97917,97927,97931,97941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97884,97885,97887,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899,97901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97886,8014],{"class":63},[57,97888,68],{"class":67},[57,97890,10725],{"class":93},[57,97892,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97894,107],{"class":93},[57,97896,1024],{"class":1023},[57,97898,107],{"class":93},[57,97900,2686],{"class":1023},[57,97902,9544],{"class":93},[57,97904,97905,97908,97910],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97906,97907],{"class":63},"other_name ",[57,97909,68],{"class":67},[57,97911,97912],{"class":63}," items\n",[57,97914,97915],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,97916,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97918,97919,97921,97923,97925],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,97920,8045],{"class":63},[57,97922,94],{"class":93},[57,97924,11614],{"class":97},[57,97926,212],{"class":93},[57,97928,97929],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,97930,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,97934,119],{"class":118},[57,97936,101],{"class":93},[57,97938,8045],{"class":97},[57,97940,112],{"class":93},[57,97942,97943,97945,97947,97950],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,97944,119],{"class":118},[57,97946,101],{"class":93},[57,97948,97949],{"class":97},"other_name",[57,97951,112],{"class":93},[20,97953,243],{},[48,97955,97957],{"className":50,"code":97956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97958,97959,97965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97960,97961,97963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97962,6521],{"class":1256},[57,97964,212],{"class":93},[57,97966,97967,97969],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,97968,6521],{"class":1256},[57,97970,212],{"class":93},[20,97972,97973,97974,94],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[153,97975,97976],{},"same set object",[572,97978,425,97980],{"id":97979},"using-set",[15,97981,4031],{},[48,97983,97985],{"className":50,"code":97984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97986,97987,98007,98015,98019,98029,98033,98043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97990,8014],{"class":63},[57,97992,68],{"class":67},[57,97994,10725],{"class":93},[57,97996,3224],{"class":1023},[57,97998,107],{"class":93},[57,98000,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98002,107],{"class":93},[57,98004,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98006,9544],{"class":93},[57,98008,98009,98011,98013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98010,97907],{"class":63},[57,98012,68],{"class":67},[57,98014,97912],{"class":63},[57,98016,98017],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98018,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98020,98021,98023,98025,98027],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,98022,8014],{"class":63},[57,98024,68],{"class":67},[57,98026,15866],{"class":1256},[57,98028,212],{"class":93},[57,98030,98031],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,98032,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98034,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,98036,119],{"class":118},[57,98038,101],{"class":93},[57,98040,8045],{"class":97},[57,98042,112],{"class":93},[57,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,98046,119],{"class":118},[57,98048,101],{"class":93},[57,98050,97949],{"class":97},[57,98052,112],{"class":93},[20,98054,243],{},[48,98056,98058],{"className":50,"code":98057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98059,98060,98066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98061,98062,98064],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98063,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98065,212],{"class":93},[57,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98069,9514],{"class":93},[57,98071,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98073,107],{"class":93},[57,98075,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98077,107],{"class":93},[57,98079,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98081,9544],{"class":93},[20,98083,21006,98084,93316,98087,98090,98091,94,98093,98095,98096,98098],{},[15,98085,98086],{},"items = set()",[153,98088,98089],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98092,8045],{},[10081,98094],{},"\nBut ",[15,98097,97949],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98100,98101],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98103,98104,98105,94],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[293,98106,96556],{"href":98107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[43,98109,17653],{"id":17652},[20,98111,98112,14285,98114,98116],{},[15,98113,11553],{},[153,98115,175],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98118,5380,98119,94],{},[15,98120,4012],{},[48,98122,98124],{"className":50,"code":98123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98125,98126,98146,98150,98164,98168,98178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98127,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98129,3853],{"class":63},[57,98131,68],{"class":67},[57,98133,10725],{"class":93},[57,98135,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98137,107],{"class":93},[57,98139,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98141,107],{"class":93},[57,98143,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98145,9544],{"class":93},[57,98147,98148],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98149,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98151,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98153,2463],{"class":63},[57,98155,68],{"class":67},[57,98157,4495],{"class":63},[57,98159,94],{"class":93},[57,98161,11614],{"class":97},[57,98163,212],{"class":93},[57,98165,98166],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,98167,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98169,98170,98172,98174,98176],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,98171,119],{"class":118},[57,98173,101],{"class":93},[57,98175,2498],{"class":97},[57,98177,112],{"class":93},[57,98179,98180,98182,98184,98186],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,98181,119],{"class":118},[57,98183,101],{"class":93},[57,98185,3883],{"class":97},[57,98187,112],{"class":93},[20,98189,243],{},[48,98191,98193],{"className":50,"code":98192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\nset()\n",[15,98194,98195,98199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98196,98197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98198,12040],{"class":4085},[57,98200,98201,98203],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98202,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98204,212],{"class":93},[20,98206,98207],{},"Do not do this:",[48,98209,98211],{"className":50,"code":98210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98212,98213,98233,98247,98251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98214,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98216,3853],{"class":63},[57,98218,68],{"class":67},[57,98220,10725],{"class":93},[57,98222,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98224,107],{"class":93},[57,98226,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98228,107],{"class":93},[57,98230,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98232,9544],{"class":93},[57,98234,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98236,3853],{"class":63},[57,98238,68],{"class":67},[57,98240,4495],{"class":63},[57,98242,94],{"class":93},[57,98244,11614],{"class":97},[57,98246,212],{"class":93},[57,98248,98249],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98250,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98252,98253,98255,98257,98259],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,98254,119],{"class":118},[57,98256,101],{"class":93},[57,98258,3883],{"class":97},[57,98260,112],{"class":93},[20,98262,243],{},[48,98264,98265],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98266,98267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98268,98269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98270,12040],{"class":4085},[20,98272,22425,98273,2631,98275,98277,98278,98280,98281,94],{},[15,98274,54795],{},[15,98276,4012],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98279,4012],{}," back to ",[15,98282,3883],{},[43,98284,4751],{"id":4750},[20,98286,10981,98287,94],{},[15,98288,97624],{},[572,98290,12826,98292],{"id":98291},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98293,11553],{},[20,98295,16877],{},[48,98297,98299],{"className":50,"code":98298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98300,98301,98321,98335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98302,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98304,15861],{"class":63},[57,98306,68],{"class":67},[57,98308,10725],{"class":93},[57,98310,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98312,107],{"class":93},[57,98314,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98316,107],{"class":93},[57,98318,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98320,9544],{"class":93},[57,98322,98323,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98324,15861],{"class":63},[57,98326,68],{"class":67},[57,98328,97148],{"class":63},[57,98330,94],{"class":93},[57,98332,11614],{"class":97},[57,98334,212],{"class":93},[57,98336,98337,98339,98341,98343],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98338,119],{"class":118},[57,98340,101],{"class":93},[57,98342,15899],{"class":97},[57,98344,112],{"class":93},[20,98346,243],{},[48,98348,98349],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98350,98351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98352,98353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98354,12040],{"class":4085},[20,98356,16889],{},[48,98358,98360],{"className":50,"code":98359,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98361,98362,98382,98392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98363,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98365,15861],{"class":63},[57,98367,68],{"class":67},[57,98369,10725],{"class":93},[57,98371,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98373,107],{"class":93},[57,98375,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98377,107],{"class":93},[57,98379,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98381,9544],{"class":93},[57,98383,98384,98386,98388,98390],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98385,15899],{"class":63},[57,98387,94],{"class":93},[57,98389,11614],{"class":97},[57,98391,212],{"class":93},[57,98393,98394,98396,98398,98400],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98395,119],{"class":118},[57,98397,101],{"class":93},[57,98399,15899],{"class":97},[57,98401,112],{"class":93},[20,98403,243],{},[48,98405,98406],{"className":50,"code":97682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98407,98408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98409,98410,98412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98411,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98413,212],{"class":93},[572,98415,8688,98417,98419],{"id":98416},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98418,11553],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98421,98422,98424,98425,98427],{},[15,98423,11553],{}," removes ",[153,98426,3950],{}," items from the set.",[20,98429,98430,98431,3114,98436,94],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[293,98432,98434],{"href":98433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98435,55764],{},[293,98437,98439],{"href":98438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98440,12994],{},[572,98442,425,98444,98446],{"id":98443},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98445,4026],{}," for an empty set",[20,98448,25928],{},[48,98450,98452],{"className":50,"code":98451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98453,98454,98463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98455,98456,98459,98461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98457,98458],{"class":63},"empty_value ",[57,98460,68],{"class":67},[57,98462,10073],{"class":93},[57,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98476],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98466,119],{"class":118},[57,98468,101],{"class":93},[57,98470,1257],{"class":1256},[57,98472,101],{"class":93},[57,98474,98475],{"class":97},"empty_value",[57,98477,640],{"class":93},[20,98479,243],{},[48,98481,98482],{"className":50,"code":9044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98483,98484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98485,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98487,1323],{"class":67},[57,98489,1327],{"class":1326},[57,98491,271],{"class":71},[57,98493,9057],{"class":75},[57,98495,261],{"class":71},[57,98497,1336],{"class":67},[20,98499,98500,9024],{},[15,98501,4026],{},[20,98503,98504],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[48,98506,98508],{"className":50,"code":98507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98509,98510,98521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98511,98512,98515,98517,98519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98513,98514],{"class":63},"empty_set ",[57,98516,68],{"class":67},[57,98518,15866],{"class":1256},[57,98520,212],{"class":93},[57,98522,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98534],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98524,119],{"class":118},[57,98526,101],{"class":93},[57,98528,1257],{"class":1256},[57,98530,101],{"class":93},[57,98532,98533],{"class":97},"empty_set",[57,98535,640],{"class":93},[20,98537,243],{},[48,98539,98540],{"className":50,"code":9088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98541,98542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98545,1323],{"class":67},[57,98547,1327],{"class":1326},[57,98549,271],{"class":71},[57,98551,6521],{"class":75},[57,98553,261],{"class":71},[57,98555,1336],{"class":67},[572,98557,98559],{"id":98558},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[48,98561,98563],{"className":50,"code":98562,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98564,98565,98589,98597,98601,98611,98615,98625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98566,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98568,2790],{"class":63},[57,98570,68],{"class":67},[57,98572,10725],{"class":93},[57,98574,104],{"class":71},[57,98576,2409],{"class":75},[57,98578,104],{"class":71},[57,98580,107],{"class":93},[57,98582,72],{"class":71},[57,98584,11977],{"class":75},[57,98586,104],{"class":71},[57,98588,9544],{"class":93},[57,98590,98591,98593,98595],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98592,2818],{"class":63},[57,98594,68],{"class":67},[57,98596,36415],{"class":63},[57,98598,98599],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98600,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98602,98603,98605,98607,98609],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,98604,293],{"class":63},[57,98606,94],{"class":93},[57,98608,11614],{"class":97},[57,98610,212],{"class":93},[57,98612,98613],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,98614,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98616,98617,98619,98621,98623],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,98618,119],{"class":118},[57,98620,101],{"class":93},[57,98622,293],{"class":97},[57,98624,112],{"class":93},[57,98626,98627,98629,98631,98633],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,98628,119],{"class":118},[57,98630,101],{"class":93},[57,98632,664],{"class":97},[57,98634,112],{"class":93},[20,98636,243],{},[48,98638,98639],{"className":50,"code":97956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98640,98641,98647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98642,98643,98645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98644,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98646,212],{"class":93},[57,98648,98649,98651],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98650,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98652,212],{"class":93},[20,98654,2125,98655,2082,98657,98659],{},[15,98656,293],{},[15,98658,664],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[43,98661,2075],{"id":2074},[572,98663,2112,98665,5377],{"id":98664},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98666,97624],{},[20,98668,5380,98669,98671],{},[15,98670,4012],{},". It empties the set in place.",[572,98673,2099,98675,98677],{"id":98674},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98676,11553],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98679,98680],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[572,98682,98684],{"id":98683},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98686,98687,98688,98690,98691,94],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98689,11553],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98692,4031],{},[572,98694,2079,98696,2082,98698,2085],{"id":98695},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98697,11553],{},[15,98699,4031],{},[20,98701,98702,98704,98705,98707],{},[15,98703,11553],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98706,4031],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[43,98709,2132],{"id":2131},[30,98711,98712,98716,98720,98727,98733,98739],{},[33,98713,98714],{},[293,98715,96552],{"href":97723},[33,98717,98718],{},[293,98719,97562],{"href":98107},[33,98721,98722],{},[293,98723,97038,98725,742],{"href":98724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98726,96427],{},[33,98728,98729],{},[293,98730,97038,98731,742],{"href":98433},[15,98732,55764],{},[33,98734,98735],{},[293,98736,97038,98737,742],{"href":98438},[15,98738,12994],{},[33,98740,98741],{},[293,98742,97038,98744,742],{"href":98743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98745,15186],{},[2161,98747,98748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":98750},[98751,98753,98754,98755,98762,98763,98772,98781],{"id":97698,"depth":82,"text":98752},"What set.clear() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":97862,"depth":82,"text":98756,"children":98757},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98758,98760],{"id":97875,"depth":115,"text":98759},"Using clear()",{"id":97979,"depth":115,"text":98761},"Using set()",{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":98764},[98765,98767,98769,98771],{"id":98291,"depth":115,"text":98766},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98416,"depth":115,"text":98768},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98443,"depth":115,"text":98770},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98558,"depth":115,"text":98559},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":98773},[98774,98776,98778,98779],{"id":98664,"depth":115,"text":98775},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98674,"depth":115,"text":98777},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98683,"depth":115,"text":98684},{"id":98695,"depth":115,"text":98780},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97612,"description":98782},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98789,"title":98790,"body":98791,"description":100623,"extension":2201,"meta":100624,"navigation":217,"path":96555,"seo":100625,"stem":100626,"__hash__":100627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98792,"toc":100580},[98793,98796,98799,98802,98804,98907,98911,98958,98964,98966,98985,98989,98992,98994,99008,99017,99021,99024,99059,99063,99083,99086,99090,99093,99154,99158,99183,99190,99196,99201,99203,99215,99219,99268,99272,99296,99303,99307,99348,99352,99373,99377,99410,99414,99455,99458,99462,99467,99506,99510,99535,99540,99546,99583,99587,99610,99614,99616,99619,99622,99699,99703,99740,99743,99747,99753,99756,99766,99815,99821,99827,99854,99857,99879,99881,99912,99915,99919,99923,99962,99966,100029,100032,100065,100069,100094,100096,100099,100105,100108,100135,100138,100156,100160,100164,100167,100210,100213,100217,100220,100223,100253,100256,100260,100263,100278,100283,100287,100290,100379,100381,100384,100474,100477,100495,100497,100501,100511,100515,100523,100527,100530,100534,100537,100541,100544,100546,100574,100577],[10,98794,98790],{"id":98795},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98797,98798],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98800,98801],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[43,98803,3843],{"id":3842},[48,98805,98807],{"className":50,"code":98806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98808,98809,98829,98863,98873,98877,98887,98897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98810,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98812,3853],{"class":63},[57,98814,68],{"class":67},[57,98816,10725],{"class":93},[57,98818,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98820,107],{"class":93},[57,98822,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98824,107],{"class":93},[57,98826,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98828,9544],{"class":93},[57,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98832,4304],{"class":63},[57,98834,68],{"class":67},[57,98836,15866],{"class":1256},[57,98838,3221],{"class":93},[57,98840,104],{"class":71},[57,98842,836],{"class":75},[57,98844,104],{"class":71},[57,98846,107],{"class":93},[57,98848,72],{"class":71},[57,98850,845],{"class":75},[57,98852,104],{"class":71},[57,98854,107],{"class":93},[57,98856,72],{"class":71},[57,98858,836],{"class":75},[57,98860,104],{"class":71},[57,98862,1280],{"class":93},[57,98864,98865,98867,98869,98871],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98866,98514],{"class":63},[57,98868,68],{"class":67},[57,98870,15866],{"class":1256},[57,98872,212],{"class":93},[57,98874,98875],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,98876,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,98880,119],{"class":118},[57,98882,101],{"class":93},[57,98884,3883],{"class":97},[57,98886,112],{"class":93},[57,98888,98889,98891,98893,98895],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,98890,119],{"class":118},[57,98892,101],{"class":93},[57,98894,4345],{"class":97},[57,98896,112],{"class":93},[57,98898,98899,98901,98903,98905],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,98900,119],{"class":118},[57,98902,101],{"class":93},[57,98904,98533],{"class":97},[57,98906,112],{"class":93},[20,98908,98909],{},[153,98910,243],{},[48,98912,98914],{"className":50,"code":98913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98915,98916,98932,98952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98917,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98919,9514],{"class":93},[57,98921,3224],{"class":1023},[57,98923,107],{"class":93},[57,98925,1024],{"class":1023},[57,98927,107],{"class":93},[57,98929,2686],{"class":1023},[57,98931,9544],{"class":93},[57,98933,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,98935,9514],{"class":93},[57,98937,261],{"class":71},[57,98939,845],{"class":75},[57,98941,261],{"class":71},[57,98943,107],{"class":93},[57,98945,271],{"class":71},[57,98947,836],{"class":75},[57,98949,261],{"class":71},[57,98951,9544],{"class":93},[57,98953,98954,98956],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,98955,6521],{"class":1256},[57,98957,212],{"class":93},[20,98959,98960,98961,98963],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98962,4031],{}," for an empty set.",[43,98965,15395],{"id":15394},[30,98967,98968,98971,98976,98979,98982],{},[33,98969,98970],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98972,98973,98974],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98975,4031],{},[33,98977,98978],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98980,98981],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98983,98984],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[43,98986,98988],{"id":98987},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98990,98991],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98993,30779],{},[30,98995,98996,98999,99002,99005],{},[33,98997,98998],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,99000,99001],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,99003,99004],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,99006,99007],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99009,99010,99011,3114,99013,94],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[293,99012,96552],{"href":97723},[293,99014,99016],{"href":99015},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[43,99018,99020],{"id":99019},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99022,99023],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[48,99025,99027],{"className":50,"code":99026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99028,99029,99049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99030,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99032,3853],{"class":63},[57,99034,68],{"class":67},[57,99036,10725],{"class":93},[57,99038,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99040,107],{"class":93},[57,99042,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99044,107],{"class":93},[57,99046,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99048,9544],{"class":93},[57,99050,99051,99053,99055,99057],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99052,119],{"class":118},[57,99054,101],{"class":93},[57,99056,3883],{"class":97},[57,99058,112],{"class":93},[20,99060,99061],{},[153,99062,30268],{},[48,99064,99065],{"className":50,"code":96831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99066,99067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99068,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99070,9514],{"class":93},[57,99072,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99074,107],{"class":93},[57,99076,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99078,107],{"class":93},[57,99080,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99082,9544],{"class":93},[20,99084,99085],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[572,99087,99089],{"id":99088},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99091,99092],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[48,99094,99096],{"className":50,"code":99095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99097,99098,99130,99140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99101,3853],{"class":63},[57,99103,68],{"class":67},[57,99105,10725],{"class":93},[57,99107,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99109,107],{"class":93},[57,99111,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99113,107],{"class":93},[57,99115,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99117,107],{"class":93},[57,99119,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99121,107],{"class":93},[57,99123,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99125,107],{"class":93},[57,99127,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99129,9544],{"class":93},[57,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99133,119],{"class":118},[57,99135,101],{"class":93},[57,99137,3883],{"class":97},[57,99139,112],{"class":93},[57,99141,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,99143,119],{"class":118},[57,99145,101],{"class":93},[57,99147,2009],{"class":118},[57,99149,101],{"class":93},[57,99151,3883],{"class":97},[57,99153,640],{"class":93},[20,99155,99156],{},[153,99157,30268],{},[48,99159,99161],{"className":50,"code":99160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99162,99163,99179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99164,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99166,9514],{"class":93},[57,99168,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99170,107],{"class":93},[57,99172,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99174,107],{"class":93},[57,99176,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99178,9544],{"class":93},[57,99180,99181],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99182,46853],{"class":1023},[20,99184,21213,99185,2082,99187,99189],{},[15,99186,1931],{},[15,99188,2299],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[43,99191,99193,99194],{"id":99192},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99195,4031],{},[20,99197,136,99198,99200],{},[15,99199,4031],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99202,5690],{},[30,99204,99205,99207,99209,99211],{},[33,99206,97311],{},[33,99208,96607],{},[33,99210,56700],{},[33,99212,99213],{},[15,99214,36438],{},[572,99216,99218],{"id":99217},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[48,99220,99222],{"className":50,"code":99221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99223,99224,99258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99227,3853],{"class":63},[57,99229,68],{"class":67},[57,99231,15866],{"class":1256},[57,99233,3221],{"class":93},[57,99235,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99237,107],{"class":93},[57,99239,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99241,107],{"class":93},[57,99243,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99245,107],{"class":93},[57,99247,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99249,107],{"class":93},[57,99251,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99253,107],{"class":93},[57,99255,2692],{"class":1023},[57,99257,1280],{"class":93},[57,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99261,119],{"class":118},[57,99263,101],{"class":93},[57,99265,3883],{"class":97},[57,99267,112],{"class":93},[20,99269,99270],{},[153,99271,30268],{},[48,99273,99274],{"className":50,"code":96494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99275,99276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99279,9514],{"class":93},[57,99281,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99283,107],{"class":93},[57,99285,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99287,107],{"class":93},[57,99289,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99291,107],{"class":93},[57,99293,2692],{"class":1023},[57,99295,9544],{"class":93},[20,99297,99298,99299,94],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[293,99300,99302],{"href":99301},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[572,99304,99306],{"id":99305},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[48,99308,99310],{"className":50,"code":99309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99311,99312,99338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99313,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99315,4057],{"class":63},[57,99317,68],{"class":67},[57,99319,15866],{"class":1256},[57,99321,5743],{"class":93},[57,99323,941],{"class":1023},[57,99325,107],{"class":93},[57,99327,8025],{"class":1023},[57,99329,107],{"class":93},[57,99331,8025],{"class":1023},[57,99333,107],{"class":93},[57,99335,8030],{"class":1023},[57,99337,640],{"class":93},[57,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99341,119],{"class":118},[57,99343,101],{"class":93},[57,99345,5591],{"class":97},[57,99347,112],{"class":93},[20,99349,99350],{},[153,99351,30268],{},[48,99353,99355],{"className":50,"code":99354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99356,99357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99358,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99360,9514],{"class":93},[57,99362,941],{"class":1023},[57,99364,107],{"class":93},[57,99366,8025],{"class":1023},[57,99368,107],{"class":93},[57,99370,8030],{"class":1023},[57,99372,9544],{"class":93},[572,99374,99376],{"id":99375},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[48,99378,99380],{"className":50,"code":99379,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99381,99382,99400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99383,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99385,36330],{"class":63},[57,99387,68],{"class":67},[57,99389,15866],{"class":1256},[57,99391,101],{"class":93},[57,99393,104],{"class":71},[57,99395,1590],{"class":75},[57,99397,104],{"class":71},[57,99399,112],{"class":93},[57,99401,99402,99404,99406,99408],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99403,119],{"class":118},[57,99405,101],{"class":93},[57,99407,36383],{"class":97},[57,99409,112],{"class":93},[20,99411,99412],{},[153,99413,30268],{},[48,99415,99417],{"className":50,"code":99416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99418,99419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99420,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99422,9514],{"class":93},[57,99424,261],{"class":71},[57,99426,60672],{"class":75},[57,99428,261],{"class":71},[57,99430,107],{"class":93},[57,99432,271],{"class":71},[57,99434,60681],{"class":75},[57,99436,261],{"class":71},[57,99438,107],{"class":93},[57,99440,271],{"class":71},[57,99442,60690],{"class":75},[57,99444,261],{"class":71},[57,99446,107],{"class":93},[57,99448,271],{"class":71},[57,99450,60707],{"class":75},[57,99452,261],{"class":71},[57,99454,9544],{"class":93},[20,99456,99457],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[43,99459,99461],{"id":99460},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99463,99464,99465,94],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99466,4031],{},[48,99468,99470],{"className":50,"code":99469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99471,99472,99482,99492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99473,99474,99476,99478,99480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99475,98514],{"class":63},[57,99477,68],{"class":67},[57,99479,15866],{"class":1256},[57,99481,212],{"class":93},[57,99483,99484,99486,99488,99490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99485,119],{"class":118},[57,99487,101],{"class":93},[57,99489,98533],{"class":97},[57,99491,112],{"class":93},[57,99493,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,99495,119],{"class":118},[57,99497,101],{"class":93},[57,99499,1257],{"class":1256},[57,99501,101],{"class":93},[57,99503,98533],{"class":97},[57,99505,640],{"class":93},[20,99507,99508],{},[153,99509,243],{},[48,99511,99513],{"className":50,"code":99512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99514,99515,99521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99516,99517,99519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99518,6521],{"class":1256},[57,99520,212],{"class":93},[57,99522,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99524,1323],{"class":67},[57,99526,1327],{"class":1326},[57,99528,271],{"class":71},[57,99530,6521],{"class":75},[57,99532,261],{"class":71},[57,99534,1336],{"class":67},[572,99536,44664,99538],{"id":99537},"do-not-use",[15,99539,4026],{},[20,99541,99542,99543,99545],{},"Empty braces do ",[153,99544,175],{}," create a set.",[48,99547,99549],{"className":50,"code":99548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99550,99551,99559,99569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99552,99553,99555,99557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99554,98458],{"class":63},[57,99556,68],{"class":67},[57,99558,10073],{"class":93},[57,99560,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99562,119],{"class":118},[57,99564,101],{"class":93},[57,99566,98475],{"class":97},[57,99568,112],{"class":93},[57,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,99572,119],{"class":118},[57,99574,101],{"class":93},[57,99576,1257],{"class":1256},[57,99578,101],{"class":93},[57,99580,98475],{"class":97},[57,99582,640],{"class":93},[20,99584,99585],{},[153,99586,243],{},[48,99588,99590],{"className":50,"code":99589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99591,99592,99596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99593,99594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99595,9670],{"class":93},[57,99597,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99599,1323],{"class":67},[57,99601,1327],{"class":1326},[57,99603,271],{"class":71},[57,99605,9057],{"class":75},[57,99607,261],{"class":71},[57,99609,1336],{"class":67},[20,99611,99612,9024],{},[15,99613,4026],{},[43,99615,72496],{"id":72495},[20,99617,99618],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99620,99621],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[48,99623,99625],{"className":50,"code":99624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99626,99627,99675,99685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99628,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99630,4304],{"class":63},[57,99632,68],{"class":67},[57,99634,10725],{"class":93},[57,99636,104],{"class":71},[57,99638,836],{"class":75},[57,99640,104],{"class":71},[57,99642,107],{"class":93},[57,99644,72],{"class":71},[57,99646,845],{"class":75},[57,99648,104],{"class":71},[57,99650,107],{"class":93},[57,99652,72],{"class":71},[57,99654,836],{"class":75},[57,99656,104],{"class":71},[57,99658,107],{"class":93},[57,99660,72],{"class":71},[57,99662,836],{"class":75},[57,99664,104],{"class":71},[57,99666,107],{"class":93},[57,99668,72],{"class":71},[57,99670,33461],{"class":75},[57,99672,104],{"class":71},[57,99674,9544],{"class":93},[57,99676,99677,99679,99681,99683],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99678,119],{"class":118},[57,99680,101],{"class":93},[57,99682,4345],{"class":97},[57,99684,112],{"class":93},[57,99686,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,99688,119],{"class":118},[57,99690,101],{"class":93},[57,99692,2009],{"class":118},[57,99694,101],{"class":93},[57,99696,4345],{"class":97},[57,99698,640],{"class":93},[20,99700,99701],{},[153,99702,30268],{},[48,99704,99706],{"className":50,"code":99705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99707,99708,99736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99711,9514],{"class":93},[57,99713,261],{"class":71},[57,99715,845],{"class":75},[57,99717,261],{"class":71},[57,99719,107],{"class":93},[57,99721,271],{"class":71},[57,99723,33461],{"class":75},[57,99725,261],{"class":71},[57,99727,107],{"class":93},[57,99729,271],{"class":71},[57,99731,836],{"class":75},[57,99733,261],{"class":71},[57,99735,9544],{"class":93},[57,99737,99738],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99739,46853],{"class":1023},[20,99741,99742],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[43,99744,99746],{"id":99745},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99748,99749,99750,99752],{},"Set items must be ",[153,99751,96595],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99754,99755],{},"These usually work:",[30,99757,99758,99760,99762,99764],{},[33,99759,56697],{},[33,99761,56700],{},[33,99763,96607],{},[33,99765,40835],{},[48,99767,99769],{"className":50,"code":99768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99770,99771,99805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99772,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99774,4057],{"class":63},[57,99776,68],{"class":67},[57,99778,10725],{"class":93},[57,99780,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99782,107],{"class":93},[57,99784,72],{"class":71},[57,99786,836],{"class":75},[57,99788,104],{"class":71},[57,99790,107],{"class":93},[57,99792,9472],{"class":93},[57,99794,941],{"class":1023},[57,99796,107],{"class":93},[57,99798,8025],{"class":1023},[57,99800,9469],{"class":93},[57,99802,4149],{"class":4085},[57,99804,9544],{"class":93},[57,99806,99807,99809,99811,99813],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99808,119],{"class":118},[57,99810,101],{"class":93},[57,99812,5591],{"class":97},[57,99814,112],{"class":93},[20,99816,99817,99818,99820],{},"These do ",[153,99819,175],{}," work directly:",[30,99822,99823,99825],{},[33,99824,97311],{},[33,99826,97314],{},[48,99828,99830],{"className":50,"code":99829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99831,99832],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99833,99834,99837,99839,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99835,99836],{"class":63},"bad_set ",[57,99838,68],{"class":67},[57,99840,99841],{"class":93}," {[",[57,99843,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99845,107],{"class":93},[57,99847,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99849,107],{"class":93},[57,99851,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99853,13937],{"class":93},[20,99855,99856],{},"This raises an error:",[48,99858,99859],{"className":50,"code":97370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99860,99861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99862,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99864,3241],{"class":1256},[57,99866,1016],{"class":93},[57,99868,97381],{"class":63},[57,99870,1257],{"class":1256},[57,99872,1016],{"class":93},[57,99874,271],{"class":71},[57,99876,1188],{"class":75},[57,99878,29938],{"class":71},[20,99880,1102],{},[48,99882,99884],{"className":50,"code":99883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99885,99886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99887,99888,99890,99892,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99889,99836],{"class":63},[57,99891,68],{"class":67},[57,99893,99894],{"class":93}," {{",[57,99896,104],{"class":71},[57,99898,1056],{"class":75},[57,99900,104],{"class":71},[57,99902,1016],{"class":93},[57,99904,72],{"class":71},[57,99906,7911],{"class":75},[57,99908,104],{"class":71},[57,99910,99911],{"class":93},"}}\n",[20,99913,99914],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,99916,99918],{"id":99917},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[572,99920,99922],{"id":99921},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[48,99924,99926],{"className":50,"code":99925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99927,99928,99952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99929,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99931,3853],{"class":63},[57,99933,68],{"class":67},[57,99935,10725],{"class":93},[57,99937,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99939,107],{"class":93},[57,99941,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99943,107],{"class":93},[57,99945,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99947,107],{"class":93},[57,99949,2692],{"class":1023},[57,99951,9544],{"class":93},[57,99953,99954,99956,99958,99960],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,99955,119],{"class":118},[57,99957,101],{"class":93},[57,99959,3883],{"class":97},[57,99961,112],{"class":93},[572,99963,99965],{"id":99964},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[48,99967,99969],{"className":50,"code":99968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99970,99971,99999,100014,100018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99972,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99974,8014],{"class":63},[57,99976,68],{"class":67},[57,99978,1380],{"class":93},[57,99980,3224],{"class":1023},[57,99982,107],{"class":93},[57,99984,1143],{"class":1023},[57,99986,107],{"class":93},[57,99988,1024],{"class":1023},[57,99990,107],{"class":93},[57,99992,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99994,107],{"class":93},[57,99996,2686],{"class":1023},[57,99998,288],{"class":93},[57,100000,100001,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100002,100003],{"class":63},"unique_items ",[57,100005,68],{"class":67},[57,100007,15866],{"class":1256},[57,100009,101],{"class":93},[57,100011,8045],{"class":97},[57,100013,112],{"class":93},[57,100015,100016],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,100017,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,100019,100020,100022,100024,100027],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,100021,119],{"class":118},[57,100023,101],{"class":93},[57,100025,100026],{"class":97},"unique_items",[57,100028,112],{"class":93},[572,100030,99376],{"id":100031},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[48,100033,100035],{"className":50,"code":100034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100036,100037,100055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100038,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100040,36330],{"class":63},[57,100042,68],{"class":67},[57,100044,15866],{"class":1256},[57,100046,101],{"class":93},[57,100048,104],{"class":71},[57,100050,845],{"class":75},[57,100052,104],{"class":71},[57,100054,112],{"class":93},[57,100056,100057,100059,100061,100063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100058,119],{"class":118},[57,100060,101],{"class":93},[57,100062,36383],{"class":97},[57,100064,112],{"class":93},[572,100066,100068],{"id":100067},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[48,100070,100072],{"className":50,"code":100071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100073,100074,100084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100075,100076,100078,100080,100082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100077,98514],{"class":63},[57,100079,68],{"class":67},[57,100081,15866],{"class":1256},[57,100083,212],{"class":93},[57,100085,100086,100088,100090,100092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100087,119],{"class":118},[57,100089,101],{"class":93},[57,100091,98533],{"class":97},[57,100093,112],{"class":93},[43,100095,1673],{"id":1672},[20,100097,100098],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[572,100100,425,100102,100104],{"id":100101},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100103,4026],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100106,100107],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[48,100109,100111],{"className":50,"code":100110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100112,100113,100121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100114,100115,100117,100119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100116,2681],{"class":63},[57,100118,68],{"class":67},[57,100120,10073],{"class":93},[57,100122,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100124,119],{"class":118},[57,100126,101],{"class":93},[57,100128,1257],{"class":1256},[57,100130,101],{"class":93},[57,100132,2708],{"class":97},[57,100134,640],{"class":93},[20,100136,100137],{},"This prints:",[48,100139,100140],{"className":50,"code":9044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,100141,100142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100145,1323],{"class":67},[57,100147,1327],{"class":1326},[57,100149,271],{"class":71},[57,100151,9057],{"class":75},[57,100153,261],{"class":71},[57,100155,1336],{"class":67},[20,100157,136,100158,6866],{},[15,100159,4031],{},[572,100161,100163],{"id":100162},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100165,100166],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[48,100168,100170],{"className":50,"code":100169,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100171,100172,100200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100173,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100175,3853],{"class":63},[57,100177,68],{"class":67},[57,100179,10725],{"class":93},[57,100181,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100183,107],{"class":93},[57,100185,1143],{"class":1023},[57,100187,107],{"class":93},[57,100189,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100191,107],{"class":93},[57,100193,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100195,107],{"class":93},[57,100197,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100199,9544],{"class":93},[57,100201,100202,100204,100206,100208],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100203,119],{"class":118},[57,100205,101],{"class":93},[57,100207,3883],{"class":97},[57,100209,112],{"class":93},[20,100211,100212],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[572,100214,100216],{"id":100215},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100218,100219],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100221,100222],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[48,100224,100226],{"className":50,"code":100225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100227,100228,100248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100229,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100231,3853],{"class":63},[57,100233,68],{"class":67},[57,100235,10725],{"class":93},[57,100237,941],{"class":1023},[57,100239,107],{"class":93},[57,100241,8025],{"class":1023},[57,100243,107],{"class":93},[57,100245,8030],{"class":1023},[57,100247,9544],{"class":93},[57,100249,100250],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100251,100252],{"class":132},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100254,100255],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[572,100257,100259],{"id":100258},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100261,100262],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[48,100264,100266],{"className":50,"code":100265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100267,100268,100273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100269,100270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100271,100272],{"class":132},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[57,100274,100275],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100276,100277],{"class":132},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100279,100280,100281,94],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100282,3241],{},[572,100284,100286],{"id":100285},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100288,100289],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[48,100291,100293],{"className":50,"code":100292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100294,100295,100315,100347,100351,100365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100298,15861],{"class":63},[57,100300,68],{"class":67},[57,100302,10725],{"class":93},[57,100304,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100306,107],{"class":93},[57,100308,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100310,107],{"class":93},[57,100312,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100314,9544],{"class":93},[57,100316,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100318,11956],{"class":63},[57,100320,68],{"class":67},[57,100322,10725],{"class":93},[57,100324,104],{"class":71},[57,100326,293],{"class":75},[57,100328,104],{"class":71},[57,100330,1016],{"class":93},[57,100332,1143],{"class":1023},[57,100334,107],{"class":93},[57,100336,72],{"class":71},[57,100338,664],{"class":75},[57,100340,104],{"class":71},[57,100342,1016],{"class":93},[57,100344,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100346,9544],{"class":93},[57,100348,100349],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,100350,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,100352,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,100354,119],{"class":118},[57,100356,101],{"class":93},[57,100358,1257],{"class":1256},[57,100360,101],{"class":93},[57,100362,15899],{"class":97},[57,100364,640],{"class":93},[57,100366,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,100368,119],{"class":118},[57,100370,101],{"class":93},[57,100372,1257],{"class":1256},[57,100374,101],{"class":93},[57,100376,11681],{"class":97},[57,100378,640],{"class":93},[43,100380,93007],{"id":93006},[20,100382,100383],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[48,100385,100387],{"className":50,"code":100386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100388,100389,100415,100419,100433,100443,100457,100464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100390,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100392,15861],{"class":63},[57,100394,68],{"class":67},[57,100396,15866],{"class":1256},[57,100398,3221],{"class":93},[57,100400,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100402,107],{"class":93},[57,100404,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100406,107],{"class":93},[57,100408,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100410,107],{"class":93},[57,100412,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100414,1280],{"class":93},[57,100416,100417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100418,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,100420,100421,100423,100425,100427,100429,100431],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,100422,119],{"class":118},[57,100424,101],{"class":93},[57,100426,1257],{"class":1256},[57,100428,101],{"class":93},[57,100430,15899],{"class":97},[57,100432,640],{"class":93},[57,100434,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,100436,119],{"class":118},[57,100438,101],{"class":93},[57,100440,15899],{"class":97},[57,100442,112],{"class":93},[57,100444,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,100446,119],{"class":118},[57,100448,101],{"class":93},[57,100450,2009],{"class":118},[57,100452,101],{"class":93},[57,100454,15899],{"class":97},[57,100456,640],{"class":93},[57,100458,100459,100461],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,100460,119],{"class":118},[57,100462,100463],{"class":93},"({})\n",[57,100465,100466,100468,100470,100472],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,100467,119],{"class":118},[57,100469,101],{"class":93},[57,100471,6521],{"class":1256},[57,100473,383],{"class":93},[20,100475,100476],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100478,100479,100482,100485,100488],{},[33,100480,100481],{},"The object type",[33,100483,100484],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100486,100487],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100489,100490,100491,2082,100493],{},"The difference between ",[15,100492,4026],{},[15,100494,4031],{},[43,100496,2075],{"id":2074},[572,100498,100500],{"id":100499},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100502,100503,100504,100507,100508,100510],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100505,100506],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100509,4031],{}," with another iterable.",[572,100512,100514],{"id":100513},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100516,136,100517,100519,100520,100522],{},[15,100518,4031],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100521,4026],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[572,100524,100526],{"id":100525},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100528,100529],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[572,100531,100533],{"id":100532},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100535,100536],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[572,100538,100540],{"id":100539},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100542,100543],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[43,100545,2132],{"id":2131},[30,100547,100548,100552,100558,100564,100569],{},[33,100549,100550],{},[293,100551,96552],{"href":97723},[33,100553,100554],{},[293,100555,3809,100556,742],{"href":98724},[15,100557,96432],{},[33,100559,100560],{},[293,100561,3809,100562,742],{"href":98743},[15,100563,97538],{},[33,100565,100566],{},[293,100567,100568],{"href":99301},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100570,100571],{},[293,100572,100573],{"href":99015},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100575,100576],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2161,100578,100579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":100581},[100582,100583,100584,100585,100588,100594,100598,100599,100600,100606,100614,100615,100622],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":98987,"depth":82,"text":98988},{"id":99019,"depth":82,"text":99020,"children":100586},[100587],{"id":99088,"depth":115,"text":99089},{"id":99192,"depth":82,"text":100589,"children":100590},"Create a set with set()",[100591,100592,100593],{"id":99217,"depth":115,"text":99218},{"id":99305,"depth":115,"text":99306},{"id":99375,"depth":115,"text":99376},{"id":99460,"depth":82,"text":99461,"children":100595},[100596],{"id":99537,"depth":115,"text":100597},"Do not use {}",{"id":72495,"depth":82,"text":72496},{"id":99745,"depth":82,"text":99746},{"id":99917,"depth":82,"text":99918,"children":100601},[100602,100603,100604,100605],{"id":99921,"depth":115,"text":99922},{"id":99964,"depth":115,"text":99965},{"id":100031,"depth":115,"text":99376},{"id":100067,"depth":115,"text":100068},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":100607},[100608,100610,100611,100612,100613],{"id":100101,"depth":115,"text":100609},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100162,"depth":115,"text":100163},{"id":100215,"depth":115,"text":100216},{"id":100258,"depth":115,"text":100259},{"id":100285,"depth":115,"text":100286},{"id":93006,"depth":82,"text":93007},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":100616},[100617,100618,100619,100620,100621],{"id":100499,"depth":115,"text":100500},{"id":100513,"depth":115,"text":100514},{"id":100525,"depth":115,"text":100526},{"id":100532,"depth":115,"text":100533},{"id":100539,"depth":115,"text":100540},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98790,"description":100623},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100629,"title":100630,"body":100631,"description":103062,"extension":2201,"meta":103063,"navigation":217,"path":103064,"seo":103065,"stem":103066,"__hash__":103067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100632,"toc":103027},[100633,100639,100645,100648,100650,100727,100729,100746,100756,100758,100763,100771,100773,100789,100793,100795,100797,100800,100821,100824,100848,100854,100856,100953,100955,100972,100982,100984,100986,100994,100996,101007,101009,101100,101102,101126,101137,101139,101141,101144,101274,101276,101349,101351,101372,101375,101377,101383,101388,101391,101518,101520,101537,101540,101542,101550,101553,101557,101565,101656,101658,101695,101700,101707,101784,101786,101802,101807,101812,101814,101823,101831,101912,101914,101943,101946,101950,101961,101964,102047,102049,102070,102076,102078,102080,102084,102088,102095,102160,102162,102182,102185,102254,102256,102272,102276,102282,102294,102302,102304,102389,102391,102420,102423,102427,102432,102434,102484,102487,102568,102570,102586,102590,102593,102668,102671,102675,102678,102755,102757,102790,102796,102800,102803,102938,102940,102954,102956,102958,102964,102967,102974,102982,102988,102991,102995,102998,103000,103002,103024],[10,100634,96424,100636,18],{"id":100635},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100637,100638],{},"difference()",[20,100640,100641,100644],{},[15,100642,100643],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100646,100647],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[43,100649,3843],{"id":3842},[48,100651,100653],{"className":50,"code":100652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100654,100655,100679,100699,100717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100656,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100658,2790],{"class":63},[57,100660,68],{"class":67},[57,100662,10725],{"class":93},[57,100664,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100666,107],{"class":93},[57,100668,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100670,107],{"class":93},[57,100672,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100674,107],{"class":93},[57,100676,2692],{"class":1023},[57,100678,9544],{"class":93},[57,100680,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100682,2818],{"class":63},[57,100684,68],{"class":67},[57,100686,10725],{"class":93},[57,100688,2299],{"class":1023},[57,100690,107],{"class":93},[57,100692,2692],{"class":1023},[57,100694,107],{"class":93},[57,100696,4838],{"class":1023},[57,100698,9544],{"class":93},[57,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,100702,2463],{"class":63},[57,100704,68],{"class":67},[57,100706,57122],{"class":63},[57,100708,94],{"class":93},[57,100710,3048],{"class":97},[57,100712,101],{"class":93},[57,100714,664],{"class":97},[57,100716,112],{"class":93},[57,100718,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,100720,119],{"class":118},[57,100722,101],{"class":93},[57,100724,2498],{"class":97},[57,100726,112],{"class":93},[20,100728,243],{},[48,100730,100732],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100733,100734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100735,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100737,9514],{"class":93},[57,100739,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100741,107],{"class":93},[57,100743,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100745,9544],{"class":93},[20,100747,100748,100750,100751,100753,100754,94],{},[15,100749,100638],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100752,293],{}," that are not in ",[15,100755,664],{},[45152,100757],{},[43,100759,143,100761,146],{"id":100760},"what-difference-does",[15,100762,100638],{},[20,100764,2218,100765,100767,100768,100770],{},[15,100766,100638],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[153,100769,175],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100772,13284],{},[30,100774,100775,100780,100783,100786],{},[33,100776,100777,100779],{},[15,100778,100638],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100781,100782],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100784,100785],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100787,100788],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100790,96548,100791,94],{},[293,100792,96552],{"href":97723},[45152,100794],{},[43,100796,300],{"id":299},[20,100798,100799],{},"Use this form:",[48,100801,100803],{"className":50,"code":100802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100804,100805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100806,100807,100810,100812,100814,100816,100819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100808,100809],{"class":63},"set1",[57,100811,94],{"class":93},[57,100813,3048],{"class":97},[57,100815,101],{"class":93},[57,100817,100818],{"class":97},"set2",[57,100820,112],{"class":93},[20,100822,100823],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[48,100825,100827],{"className":50,"code":100826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100828,100829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100830,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100832,100809],{"class":63},[57,100834,94],{"class":93},[57,100836,3048],{"class":97},[57,100838,101],{"class":93},[57,100840,100818],{"class":97},[57,100842,107],{"class":93},[57,100844,100845],{"class":97}," set3",[57,100847,112],{"class":93},[20,100849,100850,100851,100853],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[153,100852,5586],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100855,179],{},[48,100857,100859],{"className":50,"code":100858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100860,100861,100889,100905,100917,100921,100943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100862,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100864,2790],{"class":63},[57,100866,68],{"class":67},[57,100868,10725],{"class":93},[57,100870,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100872,107],{"class":93},[57,100874,1024],{"class":1023},[57,100876,107],{"class":93},[57,100878,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100880,107],{"class":93},[57,100882,2692],{"class":1023},[57,100884,107],{"class":93},[57,100886,4838],{"class":1023},[57,100888,9544],{"class":93},[57,100890,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,100892,2818],{"class":63},[57,100894,68],{"class":67},[57,100896,10725],{"class":93},[57,100898,1931],{"class":1023},[57,100900,107],{"class":93},[57,100902,2686],{"class":1023},[57,100904,9544],{"class":93},[57,100906,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,100908,83410],{"class":63},[57,100910,68],{"class":67},[57,100912,10725],{"class":93},[57,100914,2372],{"class":1023},[57,100916,9544],{"class":93},[57,100918,100919],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,100920,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,100922,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,100924,2463],{"class":63},[57,100926,68],{"class":67},[57,100928,57122],{"class":63},[57,100930,94],{"class":93},[57,100932,3048],{"class":97},[57,100934,101],{"class":93},[57,100936,664],{"class":97},[57,100938,107],{"class":93},[57,100940,9917],{"class":97},[57,100942,112],{"class":93},[57,100944,100945,100947,100949,100951],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,100946,119],{"class":118},[57,100948,101],{"class":93},[57,100950,2498],{"class":97},[57,100952,112],{"class":93},[20,100954,243],{},[48,100956,100958],{"className":50,"code":100957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100959,100960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100961,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100963,9514],{"class":93},[57,100965,3224],{"class":1023},[57,100967,107],{"class":93},[57,100969,2692],{"class":1023},[57,100971,9544],{"class":93},[20,100973,100974,100975,100977,100978,3114,100980,94],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100976,293],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100979,664],{},[15,100981,673],{},[45152,100983],{},[43,100985,17653],{"id":17652},[20,100987,100988,100990,100991,94],{},[15,100989,100638],{}," always returns a ",[153,100992,100993],{},"new set",[20,100995,43885],{},[30,100997,100998,101001,101004],{},[33,100999,101000],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,101002,101003],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,101005,101006],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101008,179],{},[48,101010,101012],{"className":50,"code":101011,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101013,101014,101030,101050,101054,101072,101076,101086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101017,2790],{"class":63},[57,101019,68],{"class":67},[57,101021,10725],{"class":93},[57,101023,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101025,107],{"class":93},[57,101027,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101029,9544],{"class":93},[57,101031,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101033,2818],{"class":63},[57,101035,68],{"class":67},[57,101037,10725],{"class":93},[57,101039,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101041,107],{"class":93},[57,101043,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101045,107],{"class":93},[57,101047,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101049,9544],{"class":93},[57,101051,101052],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101053,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101055,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101057,2463],{"class":63},[57,101059,68],{"class":67},[57,101061,57122],{"class":63},[57,101063,94],{"class":93},[57,101065,3048],{"class":97},[57,101067,101],{"class":93},[57,101069,664],{"class":97},[57,101071,112],{"class":93},[57,101073,101074],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101075,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,101079,119],{"class":118},[57,101081,101],{"class":93},[57,101083,2498],{"class":97},[57,101085,112],{"class":93},[57,101087,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,101089,119],{"class":118},[57,101091,101],{"class":93},[57,101093,1257],{"class":1256},[57,101095,101],{"class":93},[57,101097,2498],{"class":97},[57,101099,640],{"class":93},[20,101101,243],{},[48,101103,101104],{"className":50,"code":99512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101105,101106,101112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101107,101108,101110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101109,6521],{"class":1256},[57,101111,212],{"class":93},[57,101113,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101115,1323],{"class":67},[57,101117,1327],{"class":1326},[57,101119,271],{"class":71},[57,101121,6521],{"class":75},[57,101123,261],{"class":71},[57,101125,1336],{"class":67},[20,101127,101128,101129,19198,101131,101133,101134,101136],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101130,4031],{},[15,101132,4026],{},". In Python, ",[15,101135,4026],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45152,101138],{},[43,101140,11707],{"id":11706},[20,101142,101143],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[48,101145,101147],{"className":50,"code":101146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101148,101149,101182,101215,101219,101239,101243,101253,101264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101150,101151,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101152,101153],{"class":63},"fruits_a ",[57,101155,68],{"class":67},[57,101157,10725],{"class":93},[57,101159,104],{"class":71},[57,101161,836],{"class":75},[57,101163,104],{"class":71},[57,101165,107],{"class":93},[57,101167,72],{"class":71},[57,101169,845],{"class":75},[57,101171,104],{"class":71},[57,101173,107],{"class":93},[57,101175,72],{"class":71},[57,101177,33461],{"class":75},[57,101179,104],{"class":71},[57,101181,9544],{"class":93},[57,101183,101184,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101185,101186],{"class":63},"fruits_b ",[57,101188,68],{"class":67},[57,101190,10725],{"class":93},[57,101192,104],{"class":71},[57,101194,845],{"class":75},[57,101196,104],{"class":71},[57,101198,107],{"class":93},[57,101200,72],{"class":71},[57,101202,33461],{"class":75},[57,101204,104],{"class":71},[57,101206,107],{"class":93},[57,101208,72],{"class":71},[57,101210,22769],{"class":75},[57,101212,104],{"class":71},[57,101214,9544],{"class":93},[57,101216,101217],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101218,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101220,101221,101223,101225,101228,101230,101232,101234,101237],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101222,2463],{"class":63},[57,101224,68],{"class":67},[57,101226,101227],{"class":63}," fruits_a",[57,101229,94],{"class":93},[57,101231,3048],{"class":97},[57,101233,101],{"class":93},[57,101235,101236],{"class":97},"fruits_b",[57,101238,112],{"class":93},[57,101240,101241],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101242,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101244,101245,101247,101249,101251],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,101246,119],{"class":118},[57,101248,101],{"class":93},[57,101250,2498],{"class":97},[57,101252,112],{"class":93},[57,101254,101255,101257,101259,101262],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,101256,119],{"class":118},[57,101258,101],{"class":93},[57,101260,101261],{"class":97},"fruits_a",[57,101263,112],{"class":93},[57,101265,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,101267,119],{"class":118},[57,101269,101],{"class":93},[57,101271,101236],{"class":97},[57,101273,112],{"class":93},[20,101275,30268],{},[48,101277,101279],{"className":50,"code":101278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101280,101281,101293,101321],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101284,9514],{"class":93},[57,101286,261],{"class":71},[57,101288,836],{"class":75},[57,101290,261],{"class":71},[57,101292,9544],{"class":93},[57,101294,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101296,9514],{"class":93},[57,101298,261],{"class":71},[57,101300,845],{"class":75},[57,101302,261],{"class":71},[57,101304,107],{"class":93},[57,101306,271],{"class":71},[57,101308,33461],{"class":75},[57,101310,261],{"class":71},[57,101312,107],{"class":93},[57,101314,271],{"class":71},[57,101316,836],{"class":75},[57,101318,261],{"class":71},[57,101320,9544],{"class":93},[57,101322,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101324,9514],{"class":93},[57,101326,261],{"class":71},[57,101328,845],{"class":75},[57,101330,261],{"class":71},[57,101332,107],{"class":93},[57,101334,271],{"class":71},[57,101336,33461],{"class":75},[57,101338,261],{"class":71},[57,101340,107],{"class":93},[57,101342,271],{"class":71},[57,101344,22769],{"class":75},[57,101346,261],{"class":71},[57,101348,9544],{"class":93},[20,101350,11916],{},[30,101352,101353,101358,101363,101369],{},[33,101354,101355,101356],{},"Start with ",[15,101357,101261],{},[33,101359,101360,101361],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101362,101236],{},[33,101364,101365,101366,101368],{},"Only ",[15,101367,58068],{}," remains",[33,101370,101371],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101373,101374],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45152,101376],{},[43,101378,425,101380,101382],{"id":101379},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101381,100638],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101384,101385,101386,94],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101387,100638],{},[20,101389,101390],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[48,101392,101394],{"className":50,"code":101393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101395,101396,101428,101445,101458,101475,101479,101508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101397,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101399,3853],{"class":63},[57,101401,68],{"class":67},[57,101403,10725],{"class":93},[57,101405,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101407,107],{"class":93},[57,101409,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101411,107],{"class":93},[57,101413,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101415,107],{"class":93},[57,101417,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101419,107],{"class":93},[57,101421,4838],{"class":1023},[57,101423,107],{"class":93},[57,101425,37884],{"class":1023},[57,101427,9544],{"class":93},[57,101429,101430,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101431,101432],{"class":63},"group_a ",[57,101434,68],{"class":67},[57,101436,10725],{"class":93},[57,101438,1931],{"class":1023},[57,101440,107],{"class":93},[57,101442,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101444,9544],{"class":93},[57,101446,101447,101450,101452,101454,101456],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101448,101449],{"class":63},"group_b ",[57,101451,68],{"class":67},[57,101453,10725],{"class":93},[57,101455,2372],{"class":1023},[57,101457,9544],{"class":93},[57,101459,101460,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101461,101462],{"class":63},"group_c ",[57,101464,68],{"class":67},[57,101466,10725],{"class":93},[57,101468,80818],{"class":1023},[57,101470,107],{"class":93},[57,101472,6227],{"class":1023},[57,101474,9544],{"class":93},[57,101476,101477],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101478,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101480,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101496,101498,101501,101503,101506],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,101482,2463],{"class":63},[57,101484,68],{"class":67},[57,101486,4495],{"class":63},[57,101488,94],{"class":93},[57,101490,3048],{"class":97},[57,101492,101],{"class":93},[57,101494,101495],{"class":97},"group_a",[57,101497,107],{"class":93},[57,101499,101500],{"class":97}," group_b",[57,101502,107],{"class":93},[57,101504,101505],{"class":97}," group_c",[57,101507,112],{"class":93},[57,101509,101510,101512,101514,101516],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,101511,119],{"class":118},[57,101513,101],{"class":93},[57,101515,2498],{"class":97},[57,101517,112],{"class":93},[20,101519,243],{},[48,101521,101523],{"className":50,"code":101522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101524,101525],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101526,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101528,9514],{"class":93},[57,101530,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101532,107],{"class":93},[57,101534,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101536,9544],{"class":93},[20,101538,101539],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45152,101541],{},[43,101543,101545,577,101547],{"id":101544},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101546,100638],{},[15,101548,101549],{},"difference_update()",[20,101551,101552],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[572,101554,101555],{"id":3048},[15,101556,100638],{},[30,101558,101559,101562],{},[33,101560,101561],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101563,101564],{},"Does not change the original set",[48,101566,101568],{"className":50,"code":101567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101569,101570,101594,101610,101614,101632,101636,101646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101571,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101573,2790],{"class":63},[57,101575,68],{"class":67},[57,101577,10725],{"class":93},[57,101579,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101581,107],{"class":93},[57,101583,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101585,107],{"class":93},[57,101587,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101589,107],{"class":93},[57,101591,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101593,9544],{"class":93},[57,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101597,2818],{"class":63},[57,101599,68],{"class":67},[57,101601,10725],{"class":93},[57,101603,2299],{"class":1023},[57,101605,107],{"class":93},[57,101607,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101609,9544],{"class":93},[57,101611,101612],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101613,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101617,2463],{"class":63},[57,101619,68],{"class":67},[57,101621,57122],{"class":63},[57,101623,94],{"class":93},[57,101625,3048],{"class":97},[57,101627,101],{"class":93},[57,101629,664],{"class":97},[57,101631,112],{"class":93},[57,101633,101634],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101635,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,101639,119],{"class":118},[57,101641,101],{"class":93},[57,101643,2498],{"class":97},[57,101645,112],{"class":93},[57,101647,101648,101650,101652,101654],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,101649,119],{"class":118},[57,101651,101],{"class":93},[57,101653,293],{"class":97},[57,101655,112],{"class":93},[20,101657,243],{},[48,101659,101661],{"className":50,"code":101660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101662,101663,101675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101664,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101666,9514],{"class":93},[57,101668,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101670,107],{"class":93},[57,101672,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101674,9544],{"class":93},[57,101676,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101678,9514],{"class":93},[57,101680,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101682,107],{"class":93},[57,101684,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101686,107],{"class":93},[57,101688,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101690,107],{"class":93},[57,101692,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101694,9544],{"class":93},[572,101696,101698],{"id":101697},"difference_update",[15,101699,101549],{},[30,101701,101702,101705],{},[33,101703,101704],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101706,96542],{},[48,101708,101710],{"className":50,"code":101709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101711,101712,101736,101752,101756,101770,101774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101715,2790],{"class":63},[57,101717,68],{"class":67},[57,101719,10725],{"class":93},[57,101721,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101723,107],{"class":93},[57,101725,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101727,107],{"class":93},[57,101729,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101731,107],{"class":93},[57,101733,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101735,9544],{"class":93},[57,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101739,2818],{"class":63},[57,101741,68],{"class":67},[57,101743,10725],{"class":93},[57,101745,2299],{"class":1023},[57,101747,107],{"class":93},[57,101749,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101751,9544],{"class":93},[57,101753,101754],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101755,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101757,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101759,293],{"class":63},[57,101761,94],{"class":93},[57,101763,101697],{"class":97},[57,101765,101],{"class":93},[57,101767,664],{"class":97},[57,101769,112],{"class":93},[57,101771,101772],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101773,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,101777,119],{"class":118},[57,101779,101],{"class":93},[57,101781,293],{"class":97},[57,101783,112],{"class":93},[20,101785,243],{},[48,101787,101788],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101789,101790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101791,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101793,9514],{"class":93},[57,101795,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101797,107],{"class":93},[57,101799,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101801,9544],{"class":93},[20,101803,136,101804,101806],{},[15,101805,100638],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101808,101809,101810,33841],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101811,101549],{},[45152,101813],{},[43,101815,101817,101819,101820,101822],{"id":101816},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101818,100638],{}," vs the ",[15,101821,1415],{}," operator",[20,101824,2218,101825,101827,101828,101830],{},[15,101826,1415],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101829,100638],{}," for two sets.",[48,101832,101834],{"className":50,"code":101833,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101835,101836,101860,101876,101880,101898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101837,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101839,2790],{"class":63},[57,101841,68],{"class":67},[57,101843,10725],{"class":93},[57,101845,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101847,107],{"class":93},[57,101849,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101851,107],{"class":93},[57,101853,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101855,107],{"class":93},[57,101857,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101859,9544],{"class":93},[57,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101863,2818],{"class":63},[57,101865,68],{"class":67},[57,101867,10725],{"class":93},[57,101869,2299],{"class":1023},[57,101871,107],{"class":93},[57,101873,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101875,9544],{"class":93},[57,101877,101878],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,101879,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,101883,119],{"class":118},[57,101885,101],{"class":93},[57,101887,293],{"class":97},[57,101889,94],{"class":93},[57,101891,3048],{"class":97},[57,101893,101],{"class":93},[57,101895,664],{"class":97},[57,101897,640],{"class":93},[57,101899,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,101901,119],{"class":118},[57,101903,101],{"class":93},[57,101905,2790],{"class":97},[57,101907,1415],{"class":67},[57,101909,2795],{"class":97},[57,101911,112],{"class":93},[20,101913,243],{},[48,101915,101917],{"className":50,"code":101916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101918,101919,101931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101920,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101922,9514],{"class":93},[57,101924,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101926,107],{"class":93},[57,101928,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101930,9544],{"class":93},[57,101932,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,101934,9514],{"class":93},[57,101936,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101938,107],{"class":93},[57,101940,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101942,9544],{"class":93},[20,101944,101945],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101947,94812,101948,2085],{},[15,101949,100638],{},[30,101951,101952,101955,101958],{},[33,101953,101954],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101956,101957],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101959,101960],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101962,101963],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[48,101965,101967],{"className":50,"code":101966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101968,101969,101997,102009,102021,102025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101972,2790],{"class":63},[57,101974,68],{"class":67},[57,101976,10725],{"class":93},[57,101978,3224],{"class":1023},[57,101980,107],{"class":93},[57,101982,1024],{"class":1023},[57,101984,107],{"class":93},[57,101986,2686],{"class":1023},[57,101988,107],{"class":93},[57,101990,2692],{"class":1023},[57,101992,107],{"class":93},[57,101994,4838],{"class":1023},[57,101996,9544],{"class":93},[57,101998,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102000,2818],{"class":63},[57,102002,68],{"class":67},[57,102004,10725],{"class":93},[57,102006,1931],{"class":1023},[57,102008,9544],{"class":93},[57,102010,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102012,83410],{"class":63},[57,102014,68],{"class":67},[57,102016,10725],{"class":93},[57,102018,2740],{"class":1023},[57,102020,9544],{"class":93},[57,102022,102023],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102024,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102026,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102028,119],{"class":118},[57,102030,101],{"class":93},[57,102032,293],{"class":97},[57,102034,94],{"class":93},[57,102036,3048],{"class":97},[57,102038,101],{"class":93},[57,102040,664],{"class":97},[57,102042,107],{"class":93},[57,102044,9917],{"class":97},[57,102046,640],{"class":93},[20,102048,243],{},[48,102050,102052],{"className":50,"code":102051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102053,102054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102055,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102057,9514],{"class":93},[57,102059,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102061,107],{"class":93},[57,102063,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102065,107],{"class":93},[57,102067,4838],{"class":1023},[57,102069,9544],{"class":93},[20,102071,102072,102073,102075],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102074,1415],{}," operator expression.",[45152,102077],{},[43,102079,4751],{"id":4750},[20,102081,21447,102082,94],{},[15,102083,100638],{},[572,102085,102087],{"id":102086},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102089,4861,102090,102092,102093,1016],{},[153,102091,175],{}," change ",[15,102094,293],{},[48,102096,102098],{"className":50,"code":102097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102099,102100,102120,102132,102136,102150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102101,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102103,2790],{"class":63},[57,102105,68],{"class":67},[57,102107,10725],{"class":93},[57,102109,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102111,107],{"class":93},[57,102113,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102115,107],{"class":93},[57,102117,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102119,9544],{"class":93},[57,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102123,2818],{"class":63},[57,102125,68],{"class":67},[57,102127,10725],{"class":93},[57,102129,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102131,9544],{"class":93},[57,102133,102134],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102135,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102137,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102139,293],{"class":63},[57,102141,94],{"class":93},[57,102143,3048],{"class":97},[57,102145,101],{"class":93},[57,102147,664],{"class":97},[57,102149,112],{"class":93},[57,102151,102152,102154,102156,102158],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102153,119],{"class":118},[57,102155,101],{"class":93},[57,102157,293],{"class":97},[57,102159,112],{"class":93},[20,102161,243],{},[48,102163,102164],{"className":50,"code":96831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102165,102166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102167,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102169,9514],{"class":93},[57,102171,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102173,107],{"class":93},[57,102175,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102177,107],{"class":93},[57,102179,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102181,9544],{"class":93},[20,102183,102184],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[48,102186,102188],{"className":50,"code":102187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102189,102190,102210,102222,102226,102244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102193,2790],{"class":63},[57,102195,68],{"class":67},[57,102197,10725],{"class":93},[57,102199,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102201,107],{"class":93},[57,102203,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102205,107],{"class":93},[57,102207,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102209,9544],{"class":93},[57,102211,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102213,2818],{"class":63},[57,102215,68],{"class":67},[57,102217,10725],{"class":93},[57,102219,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102221,9544],{"class":93},[57,102223,102224],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102225,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102229,2790],{"class":63},[57,102231,68],{"class":67},[57,102233,57122],{"class":63},[57,102235,94],{"class":93},[57,102237,3048],{"class":97},[57,102239,101],{"class":93},[57,102241,664],{"class":97},[57,102243,112],{"class":93},[57,102245,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102247,119],{"class":118},[57,102249,101],{"class":93},[57,102251,293],{"class":97},[57,102253,112],{"class":93},[20,102255,243],{},[48,102257,102258],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102259,102260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102261,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102263,9514],{"class":93},[57,102265,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102267,107],{"class":93},[57,102269,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102271,9544],{"class":93},[572,102273,102275],{"id":102274},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102277,102278,102281],{},[15,102279,102280],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,102283,102284,102289],{},[33,102285,102286,102287],{},"keep items from ",[15,102288,293],{},[33,102290,102291,102292],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102293,664],{},[20,102295,41146,102296,102298,102299,102301],{},[153,102297,175],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102300,664],{},"”.",[20,102303,179],{},[48,102305,102307],{"className":50,"code":102306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102308,102309,102329,102349,102353,102371],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102310,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102312,2790],{"class":63},[57,102314,68],{"class":67},[57,102316,10725],{"class":93},[57,102318,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102320,107],{"class":93},[57,102322,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102324,107],{"class":93},[57,102326,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102328,9544],{"class":93},[57,102330,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102332,2818],{"class":63},[57,102334,68],{"class":67},[57,102336,10725],{"class":93},[57,102338,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102340,107],{"class":93},[57,102342,2692],{"class":1023},[57,102344,107],{"class":93},[57,102346,4838],{"class":1023},[57,102348,9544],{"class":93},[57,102350,102351],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102352,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102354,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102356,119],{"class":118},[57,102358,101],{"class":93},[57,102360,293],{"class":97},[57,102362,94],{"class":93},[57,102364,3048],{"class":97},[57,102366,101],{"class":93},[57,102368,664],{"class":97},[57,102370,640],{"class":93},[57,102372,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102374,119],{"class":118},[57,102376,101],{"class":93},[57,102378,664],{"class":97},[57,102380,94],{"class":93},[57,102382,3048],{"class":97},[57,102384,101],{"class":93},[57,102386,293],{"class":97},[57,102388,640],{"class":93},[20,102390,243],{},[48,102392,102394],{"className":50,"code":102393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102395,102396,102408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102397,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102399,9514],{"class":93},[57,102401,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102403,107],{"class":93},[57,102405,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102407,9544],{"class":93},[57,102409,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102411,9514],{"class":93},[57,102413,2740],{"class":1023},[57,102415,107],{"class":93},[57,102417,4838],{"class":1023},[57,102419,9544],{"class":93},[20,102421,102422],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[572,102424,102426],{"id":102425},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102428,102429,102431],{},[15,102430,100638],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102433,55554],{},[48,102435,102437],{"className":50,"code":102436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102438,102439,102459,102475,102479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102440,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102442,2790],{"class":63},[57,102444,68],{"class":67},[57,102446,1380],{"class":93},[57,102448,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102450,107],{"class":93},[57,102452,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102454,107],{"class":93},[57,102456,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102458,288],{"class":93},[57,102460,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102462,2818],{"class":63},[57,102464,68],{"class":67},[57,102466,1380],{"class":93},[57,102468,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102470,107],{"class":93},[57,102472,2692],{"class":1023},[57,102474,288],{"class":93},[57,102476,102477],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102478,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102480,102481],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102482,102483],{"class":132},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102485,102486],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[48,102488,102490],{"className":50,"code":102489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102491,102492,102512,102528,102532,102558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102495,2790],{"class":63},[57,102497,68],{"class":67},[57,102499,1380],{"class":93},[57,102501,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102503,107],{"class":93},[57,102505,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102507,107],{"class":93},[57,102509,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102511,288],{"class":93},[57,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102515,2818],{"class":63},[57,102517,68],{"class":67},[57,102519,1380],{"class":93},[57,102521,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102523,107],{"class":93},[57,102525,2692],{"class":1023},[57,102527,288],{"class":93},[57,102529,102530],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102531,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102533,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102535,2463],{"class":63},[57,102537,68],{"class":67},[57,102539,15866],{"class":1256},[57,102541,101],{"class":93},[57,102543,293],{"class":97},[57,102545,8867],{"class":93},[57,102547,3048],{"class":97},[57,102549,101],{"class":93},[57,102551,6521],{"class":1256},[57,102553,101],{"class":93},[57,102555,664],{"class":97},[57,102557,640],{"class":93},[57,102559,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102561,119],{"class":118},[57,102563,101],{"class":93},[57,102565,2498],{"class":97},[57,102567,112],{"class":93},[20,102569,243],{},[48,102571,102572],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102573,102574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102577,9514],{"class":93},[57,102579,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102581,107],{"class":93},[57,102583,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102585,9544],{"class":93},[572,102587,102589],{"id":102588},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102591,102592],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[48,102594,102596],{"className":50,"code":102595,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102597,102598,102630,102646,102650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102599,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102601,2790],{"class":63},[57,102603,68],{"class":67},[57,102605,10725],{"class":93},[57,102607,104],{"class":71},[57,102609,1296],{"class":75},[57,102611,104],{"class":71},[57,102613,107],{"class":93},[57,102615,72],{"class":71},[57,102617,1305],{"class":75},[57,102619,104],{"class":71},[57,102621,107],{"class":93},[57,102623,72],{"class":71},[57,102625,1314],{"class":75},[57,102627,104],{"class":71},[57,102629,9544],{"class":93},[57,102631,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102633,2818],{"class":63},[57,102635,68],{"class":67},[57,102637,10725],{"class":93},[57,102639,104],{"class":71},[57,102641,1305],{"class":75},[57,102643,104],{"class":71},[57,102645,9544],{"class":93},[57,102647,102648],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102649,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102653,119],{"class":118},[57,102655,101],{"class":93},[57,102657,293],{"class":97},[57,102659,94],{"class":93},[57,102661,3048],{"class":97},[57,102663,101],{"class":93},[57,102665,664],{"class":97},[57,102667,640],{"class":93},[20,102669,102670],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[572,102672,102674],{"id":102673},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102676,102677],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[48,102679,102681],{"className":50,"code":102680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102682,102683,102711,102723,102727,102737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102684,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707,102709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102686,2790],{"class":63},[57,102688,68],{"class":67},[57,102690,10725],{"class":93},[57,102692,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102694,107],{"class":93},[57,102696,1143],{"class":1023},[57,102698,107],{"class":93},[57,102700,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102702,107],{"class":93},[57,102704,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102706,107],{"class":93},[57,102708,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102710,9544],{"class":93},[57,102712,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102714,2818],{"class":63},[57,102716,68],{"class":67},[57,102718,10725],{"class":93},[57,102720,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102722,9544],{"class":93},[57,102724,102725],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102726,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102728,102729,102731,102733,102735],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102730,119],{"class":118},[57,102732,101],{"class":93},[57,102734,293],{"class":97},[57,102736,112],{"class":93},[57,102738,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747,102749,102751,102753],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102740,119],{"class":118},[57,102742,101],{"class":93},[57,102744,293],{"class":97},[57,102746,94],{"class":93},[57,102748,3048],{"class":97},[57,102750,101],{"class":93},[57,102752,664],{"class":97},[57,102754,640],{"class":93},[20,102756,243],{},[48,102758,102760],{"className":50,"code":102759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102761,102762,102778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102763,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102765,9514],{"class":93},[57,102767,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102769,107],{"class":93},[57,102771,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102773,107],{"class":93},[57,102775,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102777,9544],{"class":93},[57,102779,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102781,9514],{"class":93},[57,102783,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102785,107],{"class":93},[57,102787,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102789,9544],{"class":93},[20,102791,102792,102793,102795],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102794,100638],{}," runs.",[572,102797,102799],{"id":102798},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102801,102802],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[48,102804,102806],{"className":50,"code":102805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102807,102808,102832,102852,102856,102866,102876,102894,102916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102809,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102811,2790],{"class":63},[57,102813,68],{"class":67},[57,102815,10725],{"class":93},[57,102817,3224],{"class":1023},[57,102819,107],{"class":93},[57,102821,1024],{"class":1023},[57,102823,107],{"class":93},[57,102825,2686],{"class":1023},[57,102827,107],{"class":93},[57,102829,2692],{"class":1023},[57,102831,9544],{"class":93},[57,102833,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,102835,2818],{"class":63},[57,102837,68],{"class":67},[57,102839,10725],{"class":93},[57,102841,2299],{"class":1023},[57,102843,107],{"class":93},[57,102845,2692],{"class":1023},[57,102847,107],{"class":93},[57,102849,4838],{"class":1023},[57,102851,9544],{"class":93},[57,102853,102854],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,102855,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,102857,102858,102860,102862,102864],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,102859,119],{"class":118},[57,102861,101],{"class":93},[57,102863,293],{"class":97},[57,102865,112],{"class":93},[57,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,102869,119],{"class":118},[57,102871,101],{"class":93},[57,102873,664],{"class":97},[57,102875,112],{"class":93},[57,102877,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,102879,119],{"class":118},[57,102881,101],{"class":93},[57,102883,293],{"class":97},[57,102885,94],{"class":93},[57,102887,3048],{"class":97},[57,102889,101],{"class":93},[57,102891,664],{"class":97},[57,102893,640],{"class":93},[57,102895,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,102897,119],{"class":118},[57,102899,101],{"class":93},[57,102901,1257],{"class":1256},[57,102903,101],{"class":93},[57,102905,293],{"class":97},[57,102907,94],{"class":93},[57,102909,3048],{"class":97},[57,102911,101],{"class":93},[57,102913,664],{"class":97},[57,102915,2028],{"class":93},[57,102917,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,102919,119],{"class":118},[57,102921,101],{"class":93},[57,102923,2009],{"class":118},[57,102925,101],{"class":93},[57,102927,293],{"class":97},[57,102929,94],{"class":93},[57,102931,3048],{"class":97},[57,102933,101],{"class":93},[57,102935,664],{"class":97},[57,102937,2028],{"class":93},[20,102939,2057],{},[30,102941,102942,102945,102948,102951],{},[33,102943,102944],{},"what is in each set",[33,102946,102947],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102949,102950],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102952,102953],{},"how many items remain",[45152,102955],{},[43,102957,2075],{"id":2074},[572,102959,2099,102961,102963],{"id":102960},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102962,100638],{}," change the original set?",[20,102965,102966],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[572,102968,2079,102970,2082,102972,2085],{"id":102969},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102971,100638],{},[15,102973,101549],{},[20,102975,102976,102978,102979,102981],{},[15,102977,100638],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102980,101549],{}," modifies the original set.",[572,102983,28567,102985,102987],{"id":102984},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102986,100638],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102989,102990],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[572,102992,102994],{"id":102993},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102996,102997],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45152,102999],{},[43,103001,2132],{"id":2131},[30,103003,103004,103008,103016],{},[33,103005,103006],{},[293,103007,96552],{"href":97723},[33,103009,103010],{},[293,103011,97038,103013,742],{"href":103012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103014,103015],{},"intersection()",[33,103017,103018],{},[293,103019,97038,103021,742],{"href":103020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103022,103023],{},"union()",[2161,103025,103026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":103028},[103029,103030,103032,103033,103034,103035,103037,103042,103044,103052,103061],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":100760,"depth":82,"text":103031},"What difference() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":101379,"depth":82,"text":103036},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101544,"depth":82,"text":103038,"children":103039},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103040,103041],{"id":3048,"depth":115,"text":100638},{"id":101697,"depth":115,"text":101549},{"id":101816,"depth":82,"text":103043},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":103045},[103046,103047,103048,103049,103050,103051],{"id":102086,"depth":115,"text":102087},{"id":102274,"depth":115,"text":102275},{"id":102425,"depth":115,"text":102426},{"id":102588,"depth":115,"text":102589},{"id":102673,"depth":115,"text":102674},{"id":102798,"depth":115,"text":102799},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":103053},[103054,103056,103058,103060],{"id":102960,"depth":115,"text":103055},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102969,"depth":115,"text":103057},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102984,"depth":115,"text":103059},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102993,"depth":115,"text":102994},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100630,"description":103062},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103069,"title":103070,"body":103071,"description":104766,"extension":2201,"meta":104767,"navigation":217,"path":104768,"seo":104769,"stem":104770,"__hash__":104771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103072,"toc":104728},[103073,103079,103085,103098,103100,103201,103203,103248,103253,103258,103262,103276,103279,103287,103289,103308,103326,103330,103383,103385,103406,103413,103418,103445,103452,103551,103553,103590,103598,103602,103608,103611,103684,103686,103694,103699,103768,103770,103795,103797,103800,103903,103905,103966,103969,103973,103979,104052,104054,104087,104090,104093,104133,104139,104162,104167,104171,104182,104185,104187,104191,104197,104199,104256,104266,104268,104321,104328,104333,104401,104409,104415,104419,104421,104460,104465,104514,104518,104521,104523,104562,104565,104567,104572,104629,104631,104645,104647,104651,104657,104662,104667,104674,104685,104691,104696,104698,104725],[10,103074,96424,103076,18],{"id":103075},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103077,103078],{},"discard()",[20,103080,103081,103084],{},[15,103082,103083],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103086,103087,103088,754,103093,14285,103095,103097],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[293,103089,103090],{"href":98433},[15,103091,103092],{},"set.remove()",[15,103094,103078],{},[153,103096,175],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[43,103099,46],{"id":45},[48,103101,103103],{"className":50,"code":103102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103104,103105,103137,103156,103166,103170,103191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103106,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103108,13308],{"class":63},[57,103110,68],{"class":67},[57,103112,10725],{"class":93},[57,103114,104],{"class":71},[57,103116,264],{"class":75},[57,103118,104],{"class":71},[57,103120,107],{"class":93},[57,103122,72],{"class":71},[57,103124,274],{"class":75},[57,103126,104],{"class":71},[57,103128,107],{"class":93},[57,103130,72],{"class":71},[57,103132,283],{"class":75},[57,103134,104],{"class":71},[57,103136,9544],{"class":93},[57,103138,103139,103141,103143,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103140,17736],{"class":63},[57,103142,94],{"class":93},[57,103144,103145],{"class":97},"discard",[57,103147,101],{"class":93},[57,103149,104],{"class":71},[57,103151,274],{"class":75},[57,103153,104],{"class":71},[57,103155,112],{"class":93},[57,103157,103158,103160,103162,103164],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103159,119],{"class":118},[57,103161,101],{"class":93},[57,103163,17736],{"class":97},[57,103165,112],{"class":93},[57,103167,103168],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,103169,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103171,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,103173,17736],{"class":63},[57,103175,94],{"class":93},[57,103177,103145],{"class":97},[57,103179,101],{"class":93},[57,103181,104],{"class":71},[57,103183,22760],{"class":75},[57,103185,104],{"class":71},[57,103187,3896],{"class":93},[57,103189,103190],{"class":132},"  # no error if missing\n",[57,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,103194,119],{"class":118},[57,103196,101],{"class":93},[57,103198,17736],{"class":97},[57,103200,112],{"class":93},[20,103202,30268],{},[48,103204,103206],{"className":50,"code":103205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103207,103208,103228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103209,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103211,9514],{"class":93},[57,103213,261],{"class":71},[57,103215,264],{"class":75},[57,103217,261],{"class":71},[57,103219,107],{"class":93},[57,103221,271],{"class":71},[57,103223,283],{"class":75},[57,103225,261],{"class":71},[57,103227,9544],{"class":93},[57,103229,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103231,9514],{"class":93},[57,103233,261],{"class":71},[57,103235,264],{"class":75},[57,103237,261],{"class":71},[57,103239,107],{"class":93},[57,103241,271],{"class":71},[57,103243,283],{"class":75},[57,103245,261],{"class":71},[57,103247,9544],{"class":93},[20,103249,136,103250,103252],{},[15,103251,103078],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[43,103254,143,103256,146],{"id":103255},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103257,103083],{},[20,103259,103260,1016],{},[15,103261,103078],{},[30,103263,103264,103267,103270,103272],{},[33,103265,103266],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,103268,103269],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,103271,96539],{},[33,103273,11655,103274],{},[15,103275,4012],{},[20,103277,103278],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103280,96548,103281,3114,103284,94],{},[293,103282,103283],{"href":99015},"what a set is in Python",[293,103285,103286],{"href":98107},"how to create a set",[43,103288,300],{"id":299},[48,103290,103292],{"className":50,"code":103291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103293,103294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103295,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103297,15899],{"class":63},[57,103299,94],{"class":93},[57,103301,103145],{"class":97},[57,103303,101],{"class":93},[57,103305,2708],{"class":97},[57,103307,112],{"class":93},[30,103309,103310,103315,103320,103323],{},[33,103311,103312,103314],{},[15,103313,15899],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,103316,103317,103319],{},[15,103318,2708],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,103321,103322],{},"The set must already exist",[33,103324,103325],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[572,103327,103329],{"id":103328},"example","Example",[48,103331,103333],{"className":50,"code":103332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103334,103335,103359,103373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103336,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103338,3853],{"class":63},[57,103340,68],{"class":67},[57,103342,10725],{"class":93},[57,103344,3224],{"class":1023},[57,103346,107],{"class":93},[57,103348,1024],{"class":1023},[57,103350,107],{"class":93},[57,103352,2686],{"class":1023},[57,103354,107],{"class":93},[57,103356,2692],{"class":1023},[57,103358,9544],{"class":93},[57,103360,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103362,3883],{"class":63},[57,103364,94],{"class":93},[57,103366,103145],{"class":97},[57,103368,101],{"class":93},[57,103370,2299],{"class":1023},[57,103372,112],{"class":93},[57,103374,103375,103377,103379,103381],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103376,119],{"class":118},[57,103378,101],{"class":93},[57,103380,3883],{"class":97},[57,103382,112],{"class":93},[20,103384,243],{},[48,103386,103388],{"className":50,"code":103387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103389,103390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103391,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103393,9514],{"class":93},[57,103395,3224],{"class":1023},[57,103397,107],{"class":93},[57,103399,1024],{"class":1023},[57,103401,107],{"class":93},[57,103403,2692],{"class":1023},[57,103405,9544],{"class":93},[43,103407,103409,103410,103412],{"id":103408},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103411,103078],{}," different",[20,103414,103415,103417],{},[15,103416,103078],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,103419,103420,103433,103442],{},[33,103421,103422,103423,754,103427,103429,103430,103432],{},"Unlike ",[293,103424,103425],{"href":98433},[15,103426,55764],{},[15,103428,103078],{}," does not raise ",[15,103431,19922],{}," when the item is missing",[33,103434,103422,103435,754,103439,103441],{},[293,103436,103437],{"href":98438},[15,103438,12994],{},[15,103440,103078],{}," removes a specific item",[33,103443,103444],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[572,103446,103448,577,103450],{"id":103447},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103449,103078],{},[15,103451,55764],{},[48,103453,103455],{"className":50,"code":103454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103456,103457,103481,103485,103506,103516,103520,103541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103460,8014],{"class":63},[57,103462,68],{"class":67},[57,103464,10725],{"class":93},[57,103466,104],{"class":71},[57,103468,836],{"class":75},[57,103470,104],{"class":71},[57,103472,107],{"class":93},[57,103474,72],{"class":71},[57,103476,845],{"class":75},[57,103478,104],{"class":71},[57,103480,9544],{"class":93},[57,103482,103483],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103484,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103486,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103488,8045],{"class":63},[57,103490,94],{"class":93},[57,103492,103145],{"class":97},[57,103494,101],{"class":93},[57,103496,104],{"class":71},[57,103498,33461],{"class":75},[57,103500,104],{"class":71},[57,103502,3896],{"class":93},[57,103504,103505],{"class":132},"   # no error\n",[57,103507,103508,103510,103512,103514],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,103509,119],{"class":118},[57,103511,101],{"class":93},[57,103513,8045],{"class":97},[57,103515,112],{"class":93},[57,103517,103518],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,103519,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103521,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,103523,8045],{"class":63},[57,103525,94],{"class":93},[57,103527,35032],{"class":97},[57,103529,101],{"class":93},[57,103531,104],{"class":71},[57,103533,845],{"class":75},[57,103535,104],{"class":71},[57,103537,3896],{"class":93},[57,103539,103540],{"class":132},"    # removes existing item\n",[57,103542,103543,103545,103547,103549],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,103544,119],{"class":118},[57,103546,101],{"class":93},[57,103548,8045],{"class":97},[57,103550,112],{"class":93},[20,103552,243],{},[48,103554,103556],{"className":50,"code":103555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103557,103558,103578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103559,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103561,9514],{"class":93},[57,103563,261],{"class":71},[57,103565,836],{"class":75},[57,103567,261],{"class":71},[57,103569,107],{"class":93},[57,103571,271],{"class":71},[57,103573,845],{"class":75},[57,103575,261],{"class":71},[57,103577,9544],{"class":93},[57,103579,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103581,9514],{"class":93},[57,103583,261],{"class":71},[57,103585,836],{"class":75},[57,103587,261],{"class":71},[57,103589,9544],{"class":93},[20,103591,40583,103592,103594,103595,103597],{},[15,103593,55764],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[293,103596,11308],{"href":11307}," for more help with that case.",[43,103599,103601],{"id":103600},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103603,103604,2631,103606,94],{},[15,103605,103078],{},[15,103607,4012],{},[20,103609,103610],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[48,103612,103614],{"className":50,"code":103613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103615,103616,103648,103670,103674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103617,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103619,13308],{"class":63},[57,103621,68],{"class":67},[57,103623,10725],{"class":93},[57,103625,104],{"class":71},[57,103627,264],{"class":75},[57,103629,104],{"class":71},[57,103631,107],{"class":93},[57,103633,72],{"class":71},[57,103635,274],{"class":75},[57,103637,104],{"class":71},[57,103639,107],{"class":93},[57,103641,72],{"class":71},[57,103643,283],{"class":75},[57,103645,104],{"class":71},[57,103647,9544],{"class":93},[57,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103651,2463],{"class":63},[57,103653,68],{"class":67},[57,103655,13354],{"class":63},[57,103657,94],{"class":93},[57,103659,103145],{"class":97},[57,103661,101],{"class":93},[57,103663,104],{"class":71},[57,103665,274],{"class":75},[57,103667,104],{"class":71},[57,103669,112],{"class":93},[57,103671,103672],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103673,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103675,103676,103678,103680,103682],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,103677,119],{"class":118},[57,103679,101],{"class":93},[57,103681,2498],{"class":97},[57,103683,112],{"class":93},[20,103685,243],{},[48,103687,103688],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,103689,103690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103691,103692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103693,12040],{"class":4085},[20,103695,103696,103697,1016],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103698,17736],{},[48,103700,103702],{"className":50,"code":103701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103703,103704,103736,103754,103758],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103705,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103707,13308],{"class":63},[57,103709,68],{"class":67},[57,103711,10725],{"class":93},[57,103713,104],{"class":71},[57,103715,264],{"class":75},[57,103717,104],{"class":71},[57,103719,107],{"class":93},[57,103721,72],{"class":71},[57,103723,274],{"class":75},[57,103725,104],{"class":71},[57,103727,107],{"class":93},[57,103729,72],{"class":71},[57,103731,283],{"class":75},[57,103733,104],{"class":71},[57,103735,9544],{"class":93},[57,103737,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103739,17736],{"class":63},[57,103741,94],{"class":93},[57,103743,103145],{"class":97},[57,103745,101],{"class":93},[57,103747,104],{"class":71},[57,103749,274],{"class":75},[57,103751,104],{"class":71},[57,103753,112],{"class":93},[57,103755,103756],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103757,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103759,103760,103762,103764,103766],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,103761,119],{"class":118},[57,103763,101],{"class":93},[57,103765,17736],{"class":97},[57,103767,112],{"class":93},[20,103769,243],{},[48,103771,103773],{"className":50,"code":103772,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103774,103775],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103776,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103778,9514],{"class":93},[57,103780,261],{"class":71},[57,103782,264],{"class":75},[57,103784,261],{"class":71},[57,103786,107],{"class":93},[57,103788,271],{"class":71},[57,103790,283],{"class":75},[57,103792,261],{"class":71},[57,103794,9544],{"class":93},[43,103796,11707],{"id":11706},[20,103798,103799],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[48,103801,103803],{"className":50,"code":103802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103804,103805,103837,103841,103859,103863,103881,103885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103806,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103808,36479],{"class":63},[57,103810,68],{"class":67},[57,103812,10725],{"class":93},[57,103814,104],{"class":71},[57,103816,836],{"class":75},[57,103818,104],{"class":71},[57,103820,107],{"class":93},[57,103822,72],{"class":71},[57,103824,845],{"class":75},[57,103826,104],{"class":71},[57,103828,107],{"class":93},[57,103830,72],{"class":71},[57,103832,33461],{"class":75},[57,103834,104],{"class":71},[57,103836,9544],{"class":93},[57,103838,103839],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103840,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103842,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,103844,119],{"class":118},[57,103846,101],{"class":93},[57,103848,104],{"class":71},[57,103850,11796],{"class":75},[57,103852,104],{"class":71},[57,103854,107],{"class":93},[57,103856,53086],{"class":97},[57,103858,112],{"class":93},[57,103860,103861],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,103862,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103864,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,103866,36531],{"class":63},[57,103868,94],{"class":93},[57,103870,103145],{"class":97},[57,103872,101],{"class":93},[57,103874,104],{"class":71},[57,103876,845],{"class":75},[57,103878,104],{"class":71},[57,103880,112],{"class":93},[57,103882,103883],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,103884,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,103886,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,103888,119],{"class":118},[57,103890,101],{"class":93},[57,103892,104],{"class":71},[57,103894,11836],{"class":75},[57,103896,104],{"class":71},[57,103898,107],{"class":93},[57,103900,53086],{"class":97},[57,103902,112],{"class":93},[20,103904,243],{},[48,103906,103908],{"className":50,"code":103907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103909,103910,103942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103911,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103913,11856],{"class":63},[57,103915,1016],{"class":93},[57,103917,10725],{"class":93},[57,103919,261],{"class":71},[57,103921,845],{"class":75},[57,103923,261],{"class":71},[57,103925,107],{"class":93},[57,103927,271],{"class":71},[57,103929,836],{"class":75},[57,103931,261],{"class":71},[57,103933,107],{"class":93},[57,103935,271],{"class":71},[57,103937,33461],{"class":75},[57,103939,261],{"class":71},[57,103941,9544],{"class":93},[57,103943,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,103945,11909],{"class":63},[57,103947,1016],{"class":93},[57,103949,10725],{"class":93},[57,103951,261],{"class":71},[57,103953,836],{"class":75},[57,103955,261],{"class":71},[57,103957,107],{"class":93},[57,103959,271],{"class":71},[57,103961,33461],{"class":75},[57,103963,261],{"class":71},[57,103965,9544],{"class":93},[20,103967,103968],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[43,103970,103972],{"id":103971},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103974,103975,103976,103978],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103977,103078],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[48,103980,103982],{"className":50,"code":103981,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103983,103984,104016,104020,104038,104042],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103985,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103987,36479],{"class":63},[57,103989,68],{"class":67},[57,103991,10725],{"class":93},[57,103993,104],{"class":71},[57,103995,836],{"class":75},[57,103997,104],{"class":71},[57,103999,107],{"class":93},[57,104001,72],{"class":71},[57,104003,845],{"class":75},[57,104005,104],{"class":71},[57,104007,107],{"class":93},[57,104009,72],{"class":71},[57,104011,33461],{"class":75},[57,104013,104],{"class":71},[57,104015,9544],{"class":93},[57,104017,104018],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104019,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,104021,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104023,36531],{"class":63},[57,104025,94],{"class":93},[57,104027,103145],{"class":97},[57,104029,101],{"class":93},[57,104031,104],{"class":71},[57,104033,22769],{"class":75},[57,104035,104],{"class":71},[57,104037,112],{"class":93},[57,104039,104040],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,104041,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,104043,104044,104046,104048,104050],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,104045,119],{"class":118},[57,104047,101],{"class":93},[57,104049,36531],{"class":97},[57,104051,112],{"class":93},[20,104053,243],{},[48,104055,104057],{"className":50,"code":104056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104058,104059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104060,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104062,9514],{"class":93},[57,104064,261],{"class":71},[57,104066,845],{"class":75},[57,104068,261],{"class":71},[57,104070,107],{"class":93},[57,104072,271],{"class":71},[57,104074,836],{"class":75},[57,104076,261],{"class":71},[57,104078,107],{"class":93},[57,104080,271],{"class":71},[57,104082,33461],{"class":75},[57,104084,261],{"class":71},[57,104086,9544],{"class":93},[20,104088,104089],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104091,104092],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[48,104094,104096],{"className":50,"code":104095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104097,104098,104114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104099,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104101,7233],{"class":4110},[57,104103,72],{"class":71},[57,104105,22769],{"class":75},[57,104107,104],{"class":71},[57,104109,21409],{"class":67},[57,104111,53086],{"class":63},[57,104113,6628],{"class":93},[57,104115,104116,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104117,104118],{"class":63},"    fruits",[57,104120,94],{"class":93},[57,104122,35032],{"class":97},[57,104124,101],{"class":93},[57,104126,104],{"class":71},[57,104128,22769],{"class":75},[57,104130,104],{"class":71},[57,104132,112],{"class":93},[20,104134,104135,104136,104138],{},"With ",[15,104137,103078],{},", you can simply write:",[48,104140,104142],{"className":50,"code":104141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104143,104144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104145,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104147,36531],{"class":63},[57,104149,94],{"class":93},[57,104151,103145],{"class":97},[57,104153,101],{"class":93},[57,104155,104],{"class":71},[57,104157,22769],{"class":75},[57,104159,104],{"class":71},[57,104161,112],{"class":93},[43,104163,1637,104165],{"id":104164},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104166,103078],{},[20,104168,136,104169,10835],{},[15,104170,103078],{},[30,104172,104173,104176,104179],{},[33,104174,104175],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,104177,104178],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,104180,104181],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104183,104184],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[43,104186,1673],{"id":1672},[20,104188,8682,104189,94],{},[15,104190,103078],{},[572,104192,8688,104194,104196],{"id":104193},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104195,103078],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104198,4758],{},[48,104200,104202],{"className":50,"code":104201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104203,104204,104224,104242,104246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104207,3853],{"class":63},[57,104209,68],{"class":67},[57,104211,10725],{"class":93},[57,104213,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104215,107],{"class":93},[57,104217,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104219,107],{"class":93},[57,104221,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104223,9544],{"class":93},[57,104225,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104227,3853],{"class":63},[57,104229,68],{"class":67},[57,104231,4495],{"class":63},[57,104233,94],{"class":93},[57,104235,103145],{"class":97},[57,104237,101],{"class":93},[57,104239,1931],{"class":1023},[57,104241,112],{"class":93},[57,104243,104244],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104245,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,104247,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,104249,119],{"class":118},[57,104251,101],{"class":93},[57,104253,3883],{"class":97},[57,104255,112],{"class":93},[20,104257,104258,42395,104260,8837,104262,2631,104264,94],{},[15,104259,3883],{},[15,104261,4012],{},[15,104263,103078],{},[15,104265,4012],{},[20,104267,19075],{},[48,104269,104271],{"className":50,"code":104270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104272,104273,104293,104307,104311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104276,3853],{"class":63},[57,104278,68],{"class":67},[57,104280,10725],{"class":93},[57,104282,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104284,107],{"class":93},[57,104286,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104288,107],{"class":93},[57,104290,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104292,9544],{"class":93},[57,104294,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104296,3883],{"class":63},[57,104298,94],{"class":93},[57,104300,103145],{"class":97},[57,104302,101],{"class":93},[57,104304,1931],{"class":1023},[57,104306,112],{"class":93},[57,104308,104309],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104310,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,104312,104313,104315,104317,104319],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,104314,119],{"class":118},[57,104316,101],{"class":93},[57,104318,3883],{"class":97},[57,104320,112],{"class":93},[572,104322,37444,104324,8940,104326],{"id":104323},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104325,103078],{},[15,104327,55764],{},[20,104329,104330,104331,94],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104332,103078],{},[48,104334,104336],{"className":50,"code":104335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104337,104338,104370,104391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104341,36330],{"class":63},[57,104343,68],{"class":67},[57,104345,10725],{"class":93},[57,104347,104],{"class":71},[57,104349,293],{"class":75},[57,104351,104],{"class":71},[57,104353,107],{"class":93},[57,104355,72],{"class":71},[57,104357,664],{"class":75},[57,104359,104],{"class":71},[57,104361,107],{"class":93},[57,104363,72],{"class":71},[57,104365,673],{"class":75},[57,104367,104],{"class":71},[57,104369,9544],{"class":93},[57,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104373,36383],{"class":63},[57,104375,94],{"class":93},[57,104377,103145],{"class":97},[57,104379,101],{"class":93},[57,104381,104],{"class":71},[57,104383,22313],{"class":75},[57,104385,104],{"class":71},[57,104387,3896],{"class":93},[57,104389,104390],{"class":132},"   # safe\n",[57,104392,104393,104395,104397,104399],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104394,119],{"class":118},[57,104396,101],{"class":93},[57,104398,36383],{"class":97},[57,104400,112],{"class":93},[20,104402,104403,104404,46144,104407,94],{},"If you use ",[15,104405,104406],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104408,19922],{},[572,104410,25854,104412,104414],{"id":104411},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104413,103078],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104416,104417,102431],{},[15,104418,103078],{},[20,104420,16877],{},[48,104422,104424],{"className":50,"code":104423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104425,104426,104446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104427,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104429,8014],{"class":63},[57,104431,68],{"class":67},[57,104433,1380],{"class":93},[57,104435,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104437,107],{"class":93},[57,104439,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104441,107],{"class":93},[57,104443,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104445,288],{"class":93},[57,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104449,8045],{"class":63},[57,104451,94],{"class":93},[57,104453,103145],{"class":97},[57,104455,101],{"class":93},[57,104457,1931],{"class":1023},[57,104459,112],{"class":93},[20,104461,104462,104463,1016],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104464,103078],{},[48,104466,104468],{"className":50,"code":104467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104469,104470,104490,104504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104471,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104473,8014],{"class":63},[57,104475,68],{"class":67},[57,104477,10725],{"class":93},[57,104479,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104481,107],{"class":93},[57,104483,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104485,107],{"class":93},[57,104487,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104489,9544],{"class":93},[57,104491,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104493,8045],{"class":63},[57,104495,94],{"class":93},[57,104497,103145],{"class":97},[57,104499,101],{"class":93},[57,104501,1931],{"class":1023},[57,104503,112],{"class":93},[57,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104507,119],{"class":118},[57,104509,101],{"class":93},[57,104511,8045],{"class":97},[57,104513,112],{"class":93},[572,104515,104517],{"id":104516},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104519,104520],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104522,3072],{},[48,104524,104526],{"className":50,"code":104525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104527,104528,104548],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104529,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104531,9401],{"class":63},[57,104533,68],{"class":67},[57,104535,10725],{"class":93},[57,104537,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104539,107],{"class":93},[57,104541,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104543,107],{"class":93},[57,104545,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104547,9544],{"class":93},[57,104549,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104551,9440],{"class":63},[57,104553,94],{"class":93},[57,104555,103145],{"class":97},[57,104557,3221],{"class":93},[57,104559,1931],{"class":1023},[57,104561,1280],{"class":93},[20,104563,104564],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[43,104566,9108],{"id":9107},[20,104568,345,104569,104571],{},[15,104570,103078],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,104573,104575],{"className":50,"code":104574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104576,104577,104587,104601,104615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104578,104579,104581,104583,104585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104580,119],{"class":118},[57,104582,101],{"class":93},[57,104584,15899],{"class":97},[57,104586,112],{"class":93},[57,104588,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104590,119],{"class":118},[57,104592,101],{"class":93},[57,104594,1257],{"class":1256},[57,104596,101],{"class":93},[57,104598,15899],{"class":97},[57,104600,640],{"class":93},[57,104602,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104604,119],{"class":118},[57,104606,101],{"class":93},[57,104608,2681],{"class":97},[57,104610,4117],{"class":4110},[57,104612,97148],{"class":97},[57,104614,112],{"class":93},[57,104616,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,104618,32392],{"class":118},[57,104620,101],{"class":93},[57,104622,6521],{"class":1256},[57,104624,94],{"class":93},[57,104626,103145],{"class":24987},[57,104628,112],{"class":93},[20,104630,2057],{},[30,104632,104633,104636,104639,104642],{},[33,104634,104635],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104637,104638],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104640,104641],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104643,104644],{},"How Python documents the method",[43,104646,2075],{"id":2074},[572,104648,104650],{"id":104649},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104652,104653,104654,104656],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104655,103078],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[572,104658,2112,104660,12947],{"id":104659},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104661,103083],{},[20,104663,5380,104664,104666],{},[15,104665,4012],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[572,104668,2079,104670,2082,104672,2085],{"id":104669},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104671,103078],{},[15,104673,55764],{},[20,104675,104676,104677,26776,104679,104681,104682,104684],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104678,55764],{},[15,104680,19922],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104683,103078],{}," does not.",[572,104686,28567,104688,104690],{"id":104687},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104689,103078],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104692,46601,104693,104695],{},[15,104694,103078],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[43,104697,2132],{"id":2131},[30,104699,104700,104706,104712,104717,104721],{},[33,104701,104702],{},[293,104703,97038,104704,742],{"href":98433},[15,104705,55764],{},[33,104707,104708],{},[293,104709,97038,104710,742],{"href":98438},[15,104711,12994],{},[33,104713,104714],{},[293,104715,104716],{"href":98107},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104718,104719],{},[293,104720,100573],{"href":99015},[33,104722,104723],{},[293,104724,11494],{"href":11307},[2161,104726,104727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":104729},[104730,104731,104733,104736,104741,104742,104743,104744,104746,104755,104756,104765],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":103255,"depth":82,"text":104732},"What set.discard() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":104734},[104735],{"id":103328,"depth":115,"text":103329},{"id":103408,"depth":82,"text":104737,"children":104738},"What makes discard() different",[104739],{"id":103447,"depth":115,"text":104740},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103600,"depth":82,"text":103601},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":103971,"depth":82,"text":103972},{"id":104164,"depth":82,"text":104745},"When to use discard()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":104747},[104748,104750,104752,104754],{"id":104193,"depth":115,"text":104749},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104323,"depth":115,"text":104751},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104411,"depth":115,"text":104753},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104516,"depth":115,"text":104517},{"id":9107,"depth":82,"text":9108},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":104757},[104758,104759,104761,104763],{"id":104649,"depth":115,"text":104650},{"id":104659,"depth":115,"text":104760},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104669,"depth":115,"text":104762},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104687,"depth":115,"text":104764},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103070,"description":104766},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104773,"title":104774,"body":104775,"description":106781,"extension":2201,"meta":106782,"navigation":217,"path":106783,"seo":106784,"stem":106785,"__hash__":106786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104776,"toc":106739},[104777,104780,104788,104793,104804,104806,104861,104865,104885,104890,104894,104899,104901,104915,104917,104992,104994,105027,105032,105037,105039,105041,105056,105059,105067,105072,105087,105089,105178,105180,105269,105275,105279,105281,105319,105321,105345,105348,105363,105365,105420,105422,105455,105457,105462,105466,105470,105475,105540,105542,105562,105568,105572,105629,105631,105652,105656,105661,105706,105708,105741,105744,105748,105781,105783,105812,105816,105820,105823,105825,105844,105846,105892,105897,105911,105913,105944,105949,105952,105996,105998,106026,106030,106034,106050,106053,106118,106120,106132,106135,106139,106142,106147,106175,106177,106195,106201,106240,106242,106260,106266,106295,106297,106315,106318,106335,106337,106342,106346,106349,106375,106382,106387,106402,106411,106415,106418,106449,106455,106458,106467,106470,106472,106474,106532,106535,106560,106562,106566,106569,106573,106581,106585,106588,106592,106595,106597,106620,106622,106663,106670,106678,106681,106712,106714,106736],[10,104778,104774],{"id":104779},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104781,9358,104782,104784,104785,94],{},[15,104783,4031],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[153,104786,104787],{},"unique values only",[20,104789,35644,104790,104792],{},[15,104791,4031],{}," to:",[30,104794,104795,104798,104801],{},[33,104796,104797],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104799,104800],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104802,104803],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[43,104805,46],{"id":45},[48,104807,104809],{"className":50,"code":104808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104810,104811,104835,104850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104812,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104814,3853],{"class":63},[57,104816,68],{"class":67},[57,104818,1380],{"class":93},[57,104820,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104822,107],{"class":93},[57,104824,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104826,107],{"class":93},[57,104828,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104830,107],{"class":93},[57,104832,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104834,288],{"class":93},[57,104836,104837,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104838,104839],{"class":63},"unique_numbers ",[57,104841,68],{"class":67},[57,104843,15866],{"class":1256},[57,104845,101],{"class":93},[57,104847,3883],{"class":97},[57,104849,112],{"class":93},[57,104851,104852,104854,104856,104859],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104853,119],{"class":118},[57,104855,101],{"class":93},[57,104857,104858],{"class":97},"unique_numbers",[57,104860,112],{"class":93},[20,104862,104863],{},[153,104864,243],{},[48,104866,104867],{"className":50,"code":96831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104868,104869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104870,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104872,9514],{"class":93},[57,104874,3224],{"class":1023},[57,104876,107],{"class":93},[57,104878,1024],{"class":1023},[57,104880,107],{"class":93},[57,104882,2686],{"class":1023},[57,104884,9544],{"class":93},[20,104886,136,104887,104889],{},[15,104888,4031],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[43,104891,104893],{"id":104892},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104895,104896,104898],{},[15,104897,4031],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104900,30779],{},[30,104902,104903,104906,104909,104912],{},[33,104904,104905],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104907,104908],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104910,104911],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104913,104914],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104916,179],{},[48,104918,104920],{"className":50,"code":104919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104921,104922,104962,104977,104981],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104925,13308],{"class":63},[57,104927,68],{"class":67},[57,104929,1380],{"class":93},[57,104931,104],{"class":71},[57,104933,264],{"class":75},[57,104935,104],{"class":71},[57,104937,107],{"class":93},[57,104939,72],{"class":71},[57,104941,274],{"class":75},[57,104943,104],{"class":71},[57,104945,107],{"class":93},[57,104947,72],{"class":71},[57,104949,264],{"class":75},[57,104951,104],{"class":71},[57,104953,107],{"class":93},[57,104955,72],{"class":71},[57,104957,283],{"class":75},[57,104959,104],{"class":71},[57,104961,288],{"class":93},[57,104963,104964,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,104965,104966],{"class":63},"unique_colors ",[57,104968,68],{"class":67},[57,104970,15866],{"class":1256},[57,104972,101],{"class":93},[57,104974,17736],{"class":97},[57,104976,112],{"class":93},[57,104978,104979],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,104980,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,104982,104983,104985,104987,104990],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,104984,119],{"class":118},[57,104986,101],{"class":93},[57,104988,104989],{"class":97},"unique_colors",[57,104991,112],{"class":93},[20,104993,30268],{},[48,104995,104997],{"className":50,"code":104996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104998,104999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105000,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105002,9514],{"class":93},[57,105004,261],{"class":71},[57,105006,274],{"class":75},[57,105008,261],{"class":71},[57,105010,107],{"class":93},[57,105012,271],{"class":71},[57,105014,283],{"class":75},[57,105016,261],{"class":71},[57,105018,107],{"class":93},[57,105020,271],{"class":71},[57,105022,264],{"class":75},[57,105024,261],{"class":71},[57,105026,9544],{"class":93},[20,105028,2520,105029,105031],{},[15,105030,65623],{}," appears only once.",[20,105033,105034,105035,94],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[293,105036,96552],{"href":96551},[43,105038,300],{"id":299},[20,105040,2395],{},[48,105042,105044],{"className":50,"code":105043,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105045,105046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105047,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105049,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105051,101],{"class":93},[57,105053,3955],{"class":97},[57,105055,112],{"class":93},[20,105057,105058],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,105060,105061,105064],{},[33,105062,105063],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,105065,105066],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105068,105069,105070,1016],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105071,4031],{},[30,105073,105074,105076,105078,105080,105084],{},[33,105075,1188],{},[33,105077,49189],{},[33,105079,310],{},[33,105081,105082],{},[15,105083,36438],{},[33,105085,105086],{},"another set",[20,105088,2361],{},[48,105090,105092],{"className":50,"code":105091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105093,105094,105120,105142,105160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105095,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105097,119],{"class":118},[57,105099,101],{"class":93},[57,105101,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105103,3221],{"class":93},[57,105105,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105107,107],{"class":93},[57,105109,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105111,107],{"class":93},[57,105113,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105115,107],{"class":93},[57,105117,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105119,3235],{"class":93},[57,105121,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105123,119],{"class":118},[57,105125,101],{"class":93},[57,105127,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105129,5743],{"class":93},[57,105131,941],{"class":1023},[57,105133,107],{"class":93},[57,105135,8025],{"class":1023},[57,105137,107],{"class":93},[57,105139,6238],{"class":1023},[57,105141,2028],{"class":93},[57,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105145,119],{"class":118},[57,105147,101],{"class":93},[57,105149,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105151,101],{"class":93},[57,105153,104],{"class":71},[57,105155,1590],{"class":75},[57,105157,104],{"class":71},[57,105159,640],{"class":93},[57,105161,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105163,119],{"class":118},[57,105165,101],{"class":93},[57,105167,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105169,101],{"class":93},[57,105171,60232],{"class":118},[57,105173,101],{"class":93},[57,105175,2740],{"class":1023},[57,105177,2028],{"class":93},[20,105179,30268],{},[48,105181,105183],{"className":50,"code":105182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105184,105185,105201,105213,105249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105186,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105188,9514],{"class":93},[57,105190,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105192,107],{"class":93},[57,105194,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105196,107],{"class":93},[57,105198,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105200,9544],{"class":93},[57,105202,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105204,9514],{"class":93},[57,105206,941],{"class":1023},[57,105208,107],{"class":93},[57,105210,8025],{"class":1023},[57,105212,9544],{"class":93},[57,105214,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105216,9514],{"class":93},[57,105218,261],{"class":71},[57,105220,60672],{"class":75},[57,105222,261],{"class":71},[57,105224,107],{"class":93},[57,105226,271],{"class":71},[57,105228,60681],{"class":75},[57,105230,261],{"class":71},[57,105232,107],{"class":93},[57,105234,271],{"class":71},[57,105236,60690],{"class":75},[57,105238,261],{"class":71},[57,105240,107],{"class":93},[57,105242,271],{"class":71},[57,105244,60707],{"class":75},[57,105246,261],{"class":71},[57,105248,9544],{"class":93},[57,105250,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105252,9514],{"class":93},[57,105254,1277],{"class":1023},[57,105256,107],{"class":93},[57,105258,1143],{"class":1023},[57,105260,107],{"class":93},[57,105262,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105264,107],{"class":93},[57,105266,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105268,9544],{"class":93},[20,105270,105271,105272,94],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[293,105273,105274],{"href":65078},"Python list() function explained",[43,105276,105278],{"id":105277},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105280,98504],{},[48,105282,105283],{"className":50,"code":99469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105284,105285,105295,105305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105286,105287,105289,105291,105293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105288,98514],{"class":63},[57,105290,68],{"class":67},[57,105292,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105294,212],{"class":93},[57,105296,105297,105299,105301,105303],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105298,119],{"class":118},[57,105300,101],{"class":93},[57,105302,98533],{"class":97},[57,105304,112],{"class":93},[57,105306,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105308,119],{"class":118},[57,105310,101],{"class":93},[57,105312,1257],{"class":1256},[57,105314,101],{"class":93},[57,105316,98533],{"class":97},[57,105318,640],{"class":93},[20,105320,243],{},[48,105322,105323],{"className":50,"code":99512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105324,105325,105331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105326,105327,105329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105328,6521],{"class":1256},[57,105330,212],{"class":93},[57,105332,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105334,1323],{"class":67},[57,105336,1327],{"class":1326},[57,105338,271],{"class":71},[57,105340,6521],{"class":75},[57,105342,261],{"class":71},[57,105344,1336],{"class":67},[20,105346,105347],{},"This is important because:",[30,105349,105350,105355],{},[33,105351,105352,105354],{},[15,105353,4031],{}," creates an empty set",[33,105356,105357,105359,105360,105362],{},[15,105358,4026],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[153,105361,175],{}," a set",[20,105364,179],{},[48,105366,105368],{"className":50,"code":105367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105369,105370,105380,105388,105392,105406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105371,105372,105374,105376,105378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105373,2790],{"class":63},[57,105375,68],{"class":67},[57,105377,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105379,212],{"class":93},[57,105381,105382,105384,105386],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105383,2818],{"class":63},[57,105385,68],{"class":67},[57,105387,10073],{"class":93},[57,105389,105390],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105391,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105395,119],{"class":118},[57,105397,101],{"class":93},[57,105399,1257],{"class":1256},[57,105401,101],{"class":93},[57,105403,293],{"class":97},[57,105405,640],{"class":93},[57,105407,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,105409,119],{"class":118},[57,105411,101],{"class":93},[57,105413,1257],{"class":1256},[57,105415,101],{"class":93},[57,105417,664],{"class":97},[57,105419,640],{"class":93},[20,105421,243],{},[48,105423,105425],{"className":50,"code":105424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105426,105427,105441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105430,1323],{"class":67},[57,105432,1327],{"class":1326},[57,105434,271],{"class":71},[57,105436,6521],{"class":75},[57,105438,261],{"class":71},[57,105440,1336],{"class":67},[57,105442,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105444,1323],{"class":67},[57,105446,1327],{"class":1326},[57,105448,271],{"class":71},[57,105450,9057],{"class":75},[57,105452,261],{"class":71},[57,105454,1336],{"class":67},[20,105456,14280],{},[20,105458,105459,105460,94],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[293,105461,104716],{"href":96555},[43,105463,105465],{"id":105464},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[572,105467,105469],{"id":105468},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105471,105472,105473,94],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105474,4031],{},[48,105476,105478],{"className":50,"code":105477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105479,105480,105512,105526,105530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105481,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105483,3853],{"class":63},[57,105485,68],{"class":67},[57,105487,1380],{"class":93},[57,105489,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105491,107],{"class":93},[57,105493,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105495,107],{"class":93},[57,105497,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105499,107],{"class":93},[57,105501,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105503,107],{"class":93},[57,105505,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105507,107],{"class":93},[57,105509,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105511,288],{"class":93},[57,105513,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105515,2463],{"class":63},[57,105517,68],{"class":67},[57,105519,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105521,101],{"class":93},[57,105523,3883],{"class":97},[57,105525,112],{"class":93},[57,105527,105528],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105529,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,105531,105532,105534,105536,105538],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105533,119],{"class":118},[57,105535,101],{"class":93},[57,105537,2498],{"class":97},[57,105539,112],{"class":93},[20,105541,243],{},[48,105543,105544],{"className":50,"code":96831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105545,105546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105547,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105549,9514],{"class":93},[57,105551,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105553,107],{"class":93},[57,105555,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105557,107],{"class":93},[57,105559,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105561,9544],{"class":93},[20,105563,105564,105565,94],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[293,105566,99302],{"href":105567},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[572,105569,105571],{"id":105570},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[48,105573,105575],{"className":50,"code":105574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105576,105577,105601,105615,105619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105578,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105580,4057],{"class":63},[57,105582,68],{"class":67},[57,105584,9472],{"class":93},[57,105586,2372],{"class":1023},[57,105588,107],{"class":93},[57,105590,4838],{"class":1023},[57,105592,107],{"class":93},[57,105594,6238],{"class":1023},[57,105596,107],{"class":93},[57,105598,38177],{"class":1023},[57,105600,112],{"class":93},[57,105602,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105604,2463],{"class":63},[57,105606,68],{"class":67},[57,105608,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105610,101],{"class":93},[57,105612,5591],{"class":97},[57,105614,112],{"class":93},[57,105616,105617],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105618,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,105620,105621,105623,105625,105627],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105622,119],{"class":118},[57,105624,101],{"class":93},[57,105626,2498],{"class":97},[57,105628,112],{"class":93},[20,105630,243],{},[48,105632,105634],{"className":50,"code":105633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105635,105636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105637,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105639,9514],{"class":93},[57,105641,2372],{"class":1023},[57,105643,107],{"class":93},[57,105645,6238],{"class":1023},[57,105647,107],{"class":93},[57,105649,38177],{"class":1023},[57,105651,9544],{"class":93},[572,105653,105655],{"id":105654},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105657,51362,105658,105660],{},[15,105659,4031],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[48,105662,105664],{"className":50,"code":105663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105665,105666,105678,105692,105696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105667,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105669,64],{"class":63},[57,105671,68],{"class":67},[57,105673,72],{"class":71},[57,105675,845],{"class":75},[57,105677,79],{"class":71},[57,105679,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105681,2463],{"class":63},[57,105683,68],{"class":67},[57,105685,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105687,101],{"class":93},[57,105689,227],{"class":97},[57,105691,112],{"class":93},[57,105693,105694],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,105695,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,105699,119],{"class":118},[57,105701,101],{"class":93},[57,105703,2498],{"class":97},[57,105705,112],{"class":93},[20,105707,30268],{},[48,105709,105711],{"className":50,"code":105710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105712,105713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105714,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105716,9514],{"class":93},[57,105718,261],{"class":71},[57,105720,664],{"class":75},[57,105722,261],{"class":71},[57,105724,107],{"class":93},[57,105726,271],{"class":71},[57,105728,293],{"class":75},[57,105730,261],{"class":71},[57,105732,107],{"class":93},[57,105734,271],{"class":71},[57,105736,76257],{"class":75},[57,105738,261],{"class":71},[57,105740,9544],{"class":93},[20,105742,105743],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[572,105745,105747],{"id":105746},"from-range","From range()",[48,105749,105751],{"className":50,"code":105750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105752,105753,105771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105754,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105756,2463],{"class":63},[57,105758,68],{"class":67},[57,105760,15866],{"class":1256},[57,105762,101],{"class":93},[57,105764,60232],{"class":118},[57,105766,101],{"class":93},[57,105768,2372],{"class":1023},[57,105770,640],{"class":93},[57,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105774,119],{"class":118},[57,105776,101],{"class":93},[57,105778,2498],{"class":97},[57,105780,112],{"class":93},[20,105782,243],{},[48,105784,105786],{"className":50,"code":105785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105787,105788],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105789,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105791,9514],{"class":93},[57,105793,1277],{"class":1023},[57,105795,107],{"class":93},[57,105797,1143],{"class":1023},[57,105799,107],{"class":93},[57,105801,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105803,107],{"class":93},[57,105805,2686],{"class":1023},[57,105807,107],{"class":93},[57,105809,2692],{"class":1023},[57,105811,9544],{"class":93},[43,105813,105815],{"id":105814},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105817,99749,105818,94],{},[153,105819,96595],{},[20,105821,105822],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105824,99755],{},[30,105826,105827,105831,105835,105839],{},[33,105828,105829],{},[15,105830,2423],{},[33,105832,105833],{},[15,105834,3676],{},[33,105836,105837],{},[15,105838,2426],{},[33,105840,105841,105843],{},[15,105842,49189],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105845,179],{},[48,105847,105849],{"className":50,"code":105848,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105850,105851,105882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105852,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105854,8014],{"class":63},[57,105856,68],{"class":67},[57,105858,10725],{"class":93},[57,105860,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105862,107],{"class":93},[57,105864,72],{"class":71},[57,105866,1590],{"class":75},[57,105868,104],{"class":71},[57,105870,107],{"class":93},[57,105872,9472],{"class":93},[57,105874,941],{"class":1023},[57,105876,107],{"class":93},[57,105878,8025],{"class":1023},[57,105880,105881],{"class":93},")}\n",[57,105883,105884,105886,105888,105890],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105885,119],{"class":118},[57,105887,101],{"class":93},[57,105889,8045],{"class":97},[57,105891,112],{"class":93},[20,105893,99817,105894,105896],{},[153,105895,175],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105898,105899,105903,105907],{},[33,105900,105901],{},[15,105902,1188],{},[33,105904,105905],{},[15,105906,9057],{},[33,105908,105909],{},[15,105910,6521],{},[20,105912,97320],{},[48,105914,105916],{"className":50,"code":105915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105917,105918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105919,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105921,99836],{"class":63},[57,105923,68],{"class":67},[57,105925,99841],{"class":93},[57,105927,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105929,107],{"class":93},[57,105931,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105933,18296],{"class":93},[57,105935,1380],{"class":93},[57,105937,2299],{"class":1023},[57,105939,107],{"class":93},[57,105941,2692],{"class":1023},[57,105943,13937],{"class":93},[20,105945,77084,105946,105948],{},[15,105947,3241],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105950,105951],{},"A safer example:",[48,105953,105955],{"className":50,"code":105954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105956,105957,105985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105958,105959,105962,105964,105967,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979,105981,105983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105960,105961],{"class":63},"good_set ",[57,105963,68],{"class":67},[57,105965,105966],{"class":93}," {(",[57,105968,3224],{"class":1023},[57,105970,107],{"class":93},[57,105972,1024],{"class":1023},[57,105974,9469],{"class":93},[57,105976,9472],{"class":93},[57,105978,2299],{"class":1023},[57,105980,107],{"class":93},[57,105982,2692],{"class":1023},[57,105984,105881],{"class":93},[57,105986,105987,105989,105991,105994],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,105988,119],{"class":118},[57,105990,101],{"class":93},[57,105992,105993],{"class":97},"good_set",[57,105995,112],{"class":93},[20,105997,243],{},[48,105999,106001],{"className":50,"code":106000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106002,106003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106004,106005,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106006,106007],{"class":93},"{(",[57,106009,3224],{"class":1023},[57,106011,107],{"class":93},[57,106013,1024],{"class":1023},[57,106015,9469],{"class":93},[57,106017,9472],{"class":93},[57,106019,2299],{"class":1023},[57,106021,107],{"class":93},[57,106023,2692],{"class":1023},[57,106025,105881],{"class":93},[43,106027,106029],{"id":106028},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106031,136,106032,10835],{},[15,106033,4031],{},[30,106035,106036,106039,106044,106047],{},[33,106037,106038],{},"you need unique values only",[33,106040,106041,106042],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106043,4117],{},[33,106045,106046],{},"order does not matter",[33,106048,106049],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106051,106052],{},"Example of membership checking:",[48,106054,106056],{"className":50,"code":106055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106057,106058,106083,106087,106103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106059,106060,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106076,106078,106081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106061,106062],{"class":63},"allowed_ids ",[57,106064,68],{"class":67},[57,106066,15866],{"class":1256},[57,106068,3221],{"class":93},[57,106070,46828],{"class":1023},[57,106072,107],{"class":93},[57,106074,106075],{"class":1023}," 102",[57,106077,107],{"class":93},[57,106079,106080],{"class":1023}," 103",[57,106082,1280],{"class":93},[57,106084,106085],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106086,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,106088,106089,106091,106093,106096,106098,106101],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,106090,119],{"class":118},[57,106092,101],{"class":93},[57,106094,106095],{"class":1023},"102",[57,106097,21409],{"class":4110},[57,106099,106100],{"class":97}," allowed_ids",[57,106102,112],{"class":93},[57,106104,106105,106107,106109,106112,106114,106116],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,106106,119],{"class":118},[57,106108,101],{"class":93},[57,106110,106111],{"class":1023},"999",[57,106113,21409],{"class":4110},[57,106115,106100],{"class":97},[57,106117,112],{"class":93},[20,106119,243],{},[48,106121,106122],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106123,106124,106128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106125,106126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106127,4213],{"class":4085},[57,106129,106130],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106131,4274],{"class":4085},[20,106133,106134],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[43,106136,106138],{"id":106137},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106140,106141],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[572,106143,136,106145,98446],{"id":106144},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106146,4031],{},[48,106148,106149],{"className":50,"code":98507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106150,106151,106161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106152,106153,106155,106157,106159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106154,98514],{"class":63},[57,106156,68],{"class":67},[57,106158,15866],{"class":1256},[57,106160,212],{"class":93},[57,106162,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106164,119],{"class":118},[57,106166,101],{"class":93},[57,106168,1257],{"class":1256},[57,106170,101],{"class":93},[57,106172,98533],{"class":97},[57,106174,640],{"class":93},[20,106176,243],{},[48,106178,106179],{"className":50,"code":9088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106180,106181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106182,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106184,1323],{"class":67},[57,106186,1327],{"class":1326},[57,106188,271],{"class":71},[57,106190,6521],{"class":75},[57,106192,261],{"class":71},[57,106194,1336],{"class":67},[572,106196,136,106198,106200],{"id":106197},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106199,100506],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[48,106202,106204],{"className":50,"code":106203,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106205,106206,106226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106207,106208,106210,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106209,3853],{"class":63},[57,106211,68],{"class":67},[57,106213,10725],{"class":93},[57,106215,3224],{"class":1023},[57,106217,107],{"class":93},[57,106219,1024],{"class":1023},[57,106221,107],{"class":93},[57,106223,2686],{"class":1023},[57,106225,9544],{"class":93},[57,106227,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106229,119],{"class":118},[57,106231,101],{"class":93},[57,106233,1257],{"class":1256},[57,106235,101],{"class":93},[57,106237,3883],{"class":97},[57,106239,640],{"class":93},[20,106241,243],{},[48,106243,106244],{"className":50,"code":9088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106245,106246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106247,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106249,1323],{"class":67},[57,106251,1327],{"class":1326},[57,106253,271],{"class":71},[57,106255,6521],{"class":75},[57,106257,261],{"class":71},[57,106259,1336],{"class":67},[572,106261,136,106263,106265],{"id":106262},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106264,4026],{}," for an empty dictionary",[48,106267,106269],{"className":50,"code":106268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106270,106271,106280],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106272,106273,106276,106278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106274,106275],{"class":63},"empty_dict ",[57,106277,68],{"class":67},[57,106279,10073],{"class":93},[57,106281,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106283,119],{"class":118},[57,106285,101],{"class":93},[57,106287,1257],{"class":1256},[57,106289,101],{"class":93},[57,106291,106292],{"class":97},"empty_dict",[57,106294,640],{"class":93},[20,106296,243],{},[48,106298,106299],{"className":50,"code":9044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106300,106301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106302,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106304,1323],{"class":67},[57,106306,1327],{"class":1326},[57,106308,271],{"class":71},[57,106310,9057],{"class":75},[57,106312,261],{"class":71},[57,106314,1336],{"class":67},[20,106316,106317],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,106319,106320,106325,106330],{},[33,106321,106322,106324],{},[15,106323,4031],{}," → empty set",[33,106326,106327,106329],{},[15,106328,100506],{}," → non-empty set",[33,106331,106332,106334],{},[15,106333,4026],{}," → empty dictionary",[43,106336,1673],{"id":1672},[20,106338,106339,106340,94],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106341,4031],{},[572,106343,425,106344,100104],{"id":100101},[15,106345,4026],{},[20,106347,106348],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[48,106350,106351],{"className":50,"code":100110,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106352,106353,106361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106354,106355,106357,106359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106356,2681],{"class":63},[57,106358,68],{"class":67},[57,106360,10073],{"class":93},[57,106362,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106364,119],{"class":118},[57,106366,101],{"class":93},[57,106368,1257],{"class":1256},[57,106370,101],{"class":93},[57,106372,2708],{"class":97},[57,106374,640],{"class":93},[572,106376,106378,106379],{"id":106377},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106380,106381],{},"set(5)",[20,106383,106384,106386],{},[15,106385,4031],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[48,106388,106390],{"className":50,"code":106389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(5)\n",[15,106391,106392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106393,106394,106396,106398,106400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106395,6521],{"class":1256},[57,106397,101],{"class":93},[57,106399,2372],{"class":1023},[57,106401,112],{"class":93},[20,106403,3238,106404,106406,106407,94],{},[15,106405,3241],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[293,106408,106410],{"href":106409},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[572,106412,106414],{"id":106413},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106416,106417],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[48,106419,106421],{"className":50,"code":106420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106422,106423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106424,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106426,2681],{"class":63},[57,106428,68],{"class":67},[57,106430,99841],{"class":93},[57,106432,3224],{"class":1023},[57,106434,107],{"class":93},[57,106436,1024],{"class":1023},[57,106438,18296],{"class":93},[57,106440,1380],{"class":93},[57,106442,2299],{"class":1023},[57,106444,107],{"class":93},[57,106446,2692],{"class":1023},[57,106448,13937],{"class":93},[572,106450,8688,106452,106454],{"id":106451},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106453,4031],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106456,106457],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[572,106459,37444,106461,8940,106463,3114,106465],{"id":106460},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106462,4031],{},[15,106464,25018],{},[15,106466,9355],{},[20,106468,106469],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[43,106471,1944],{"id":1943},[20,106473,11346],{},[48,106475,106477],{"className":50,"code":106476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106478,106479,106494,106504,106518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106480,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106482,119],{"class":118},[57,106484,101],{"class":93},[57,106486,1257],{"class":1256},[57,106488,101],{"class":93},[57,106490,106491],{"class":97},"my_value",[57,106493,640],{"class":93},[57,106495,106496,106498,106500,106502],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106497,119],{"class":118},[57,106499,101],{"class":93},[57,106501,106491],{"class":97},[57,106503,112],{"class":93},[57,106505,106506,106508,106510,106512,106514,106516],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,106507,119],{"class":118},[57,106509,101],{"class":93},[57,106511,1188],{"class":1256},[57,106513,101],{"class":93},[57,106515,15899],{"class":97},[57,106517,640],{"class":93},[57,106519,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,106521,119],{"class":118},[57,106523,101],{"class":93},[57,106525,2009],{"class":118},[57,106527,101],{"class":93},[57,106529,15899],{"class":97},[57,106531,640],{"class":93},[20,106533,106534],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106536,106537,106543,106548,106554],{},[33,106538,106539,106542],{},[15,106540,106541],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106544,106545,90770],{},[15,106546,106547],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106549,106550,106553],{},[15,106551,106552],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106555,106556,106559],{},[15,106557,106558],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[43,106561,2075],{"id":2074},[572,106563,106565],{"id":106564},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106567,106568],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[572,106570,106572],{"id":106571},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106574,136,106575,106577,106578,106580],{},[15,106576,4031],{},". Do not use ",[15,106579,4026],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[572,106582,106584],{"id":106583},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106586,106587],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[572,106589,106591],{"id":106590},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106593,106594],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106596,179],{},[48,106598,106600],{"className":50,"code":106599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106601,106602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106605,119],{"class":118},[57,106607,101],{"class":93},[57,106609,6521],{"class":1256},[57,106611,101],{"class":93},[57,106613,104],{"class":71},[57,106615,836],{"class":75},[57,106617,104],{"class":71},[57,106619,640],{"class":93},[20,106621,30268],{},[48,106623,106625],{"className":50,"code":106624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106626,106627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106628,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106630,9514],{"class":93},[57,106632,261],{"class":71},[57,106634,293],{"class":75},[57,106636,261],{"class":71},[57,106638,107],{"class":93},[57,106640,271],{"class":71},[57,106642,20],{"class":75},[57,106644,261],{"class":71},[57,106646,107],{"class":93},[57,106648,271],{"class":71},[57,106650,60690],{"class":75},[57,106652,261],{"class":71},[57,106654,107],{"class":93},[57,106656,271],{"class":71},[57,106658,60681],{"class":75},[57,106660,261],{"class":71},[57,106662,9544],{"class":93},[572,106664,5390,106666,106669],{"id":106665},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106667,106668],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106671,106672,28924,106674,106677],{},[15,106673,4031],{},[153,106675,106676],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106679,106680],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[48,106682,106684],{"className":50,"code":106683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106685,106686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106687,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106689,119],{"class":118},[57,106691,101],{"class":93},[57,106693,6521],{"class":1256},[57,106695,3221],{"class":93},[57,106697,3224],{"class":1023},[57,106699,107],{"class":93},[57,106701,1024],{"class":1023},[57,106703,107],{"class":93},[57,106705,2686],{"class":1023},[57,106707,107],{"class":93},[57,106709,2692],{"class":1023},[57,106711,3235],{"class":93},[43,106713,2132],{"id":2131},[30,106715,106716,106720,106724,106728,106732],{},[33,106717,106718],{},[293,106719,96552],{"href":96551},[33,106721,106722],{},[293,106723,104716],{"href":96555},[33,106725,106726],{},[293,106727,100568],{"href":105567},[33,106729,106730],{},[293,106731,105274],{"href":65078},[33,106733,106734],{},[293,106735,106410],{"href":106409},[2161,106737,106738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":106740},[106741,106742,106743,106744,106745,106751,106752,106753,106761,106771,106772,106780],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":104892,"depth":82,"text":104893},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":105277,"depth":82,"text":105278},{"id":105464,"depth":82,"text":105465,"children":106746},[106747,106748,106749,106750],{"id":105468,"depth":115,"text":105469},{"id":105570,"depth":115,"text":105571},{"id":105654,"depth":115,"text":105655},{"id":105746,"depth":115,"text":105747},{"id":105814,"depth":82,"text":105815},{"id":106028,"depth":82,"text":106029},{"id":106137,"depth":82,"text":106138,"children":106754},[106755,106757,106759],{"id":106144,"depth":115,"text":106756},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106197,"depth":115,"text":106758},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106262,"depth":115,"text":106760},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":106762},[106763,106764,106766,106767,106769],{"id":100101,"depth":115,"text":100609},{"id":106377,"depth":115,"text":106765},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106413,"depth":115,"text":106414},{"id":106451,"depth":115,"text":106768},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106460,"depth":115,"text":106770},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1943,"depth":82,"text":1944},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":106773},[106774,106775,106776,106777,106778],{"id":106564,"depth":115,"text":106565},{"id":106571,"depth":115,"text":106572},{"id":106583,"depth":115,"text":106584},{"id":106590,"depth":115,"text":106591},{"id":106665,"depth":115,"text":106779},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104774,"description":106781},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106788,"title":106789,"body":106790,"description":108305,"extension":2201,"meta":108306,"navigation":217,"path":108307,"seo":108308,"stem":108309,"__hash__":108310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106791,"toc":108281},[106792,106798,106803,106806,106889,106894,106899,106904,106906,106919,106923,106925,106944,106947,106970,106973,106984,106986,107067,107069,107086,107088,107094,107097,107192,107194,107225,107227,107235,107237,107240,107351,107353,107378,107380,107402,107407,107412,107418,107527,107529,107545,107548,107551,107634,107636,107653,107661,107663,107667,107673,107764,107766,107799,107804,107811,107888,107890,107907,107913,107915,107919,107935,107938,107964,107966,108027,108029,108152,108154,108205,108211,108213,108218,108220,108226,108229,108233,108236,108240,108243,108253,108255,108278],[10,106793,3809,106795,18],{"id":106794},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106796,106797],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106799,2218,106800,106802],{},[15,106801,106797],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106804,106805],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[48,106807,106809],{"className":50,"code":106808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106810,106811,106831,106851,106855,106874,106884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106812,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106814,2790],{"class":63},[57,106816,68],{"class":67},[57,106818,10725],{"class":93},[57,106820,3224],{"class":1023},[57,106822,107],{"class":93},[57,106824,1024],{"class":1023},[57,106826,107],{"class":93},[57,106828,2686],{"class":1023},[57,106830,9544],{"class":93},[57,106832,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,106834,2818],{"class":63},[57,106836,68],{"class":67},[57,106838,10725],{"class":93},[57,106840,1931],{"class":1023},[57,106842,107],{"class":93},[57,106844,2686],{"class":1023},[57,106846,107],{"class":93},[57,106848,2692],{"class":1023},[57,106850,9544],{"class":93},[57,106852,106853],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,106854,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,106856,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106868,106870,106872],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,106858,2463],{"class":63},[57,106860,68],{"class":67},[57,106862,57122],{"class":63},[57,106864,94],{"class":93},[57,106866,106867],{"class":97},"intersection",[57,106869,101],{"class":93},[57,106871,664],{"class":97},[57,106873,112],{"class":93},[57,106875,106876,106878,106880,106882],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,106877,119],{"class":118},[57,106879,101],{"class":93},[57,106881,2498],{"class":97},[57,106883,112],{"class":93},[57,106885,106886],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,106887,106888],{"class":132},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106890,136,106891,106893],{},[15,106892,103015],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[43,106895,13228,106897,13231],{"id":106896},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106898,103015],{},[20,106900,106901,106903],{},[15,106902,103015],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106905,13284],{},[30,106907,106908,106911,106913,106916],{},[33,106909,106910],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106912,100785],{},[33,106914,106915],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106917,106918],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106920,96548,106921,94],{},[293,106922,96552],{"href":96551},[43,106924,300],{"id":299},[48,106926,106928],{"className":50,"code":106927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106929,106930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106931,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106933,100809],{"class":63},[57,106935,94],{"class":93},[57,106937,106867],{"class":97},[57,106939,101],{"class":93},[57,106941,100818],{"class":97},[57,106943,112],{"class":93},[20,106945,106946],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[48,106948,106950],{"className":50,"code":106949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106951,106952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106953,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106955,100809],{"class":63},[57,106957,94],{"class":93},[57,106959,106867],{"class":97},[57,106961,101],{"class":93},[57,106963,100818],{"class":97},[57,106965,107],{"class":93},[57,106967,100845],{"class":97},[57,106969,112],{"class":93},[20,106971,106972],{},"Important notes:",[30,106974,106975,106978,106981],{},[33,106976,106977],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106979,106980],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106982,106983],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106985,179],{},[48,106987,106989],{"className":50,"code":106988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106990,106991,107015,107035,107039,107057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106992,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106994,2790],{"class":63},[57,106996,68],{"class":67},[57,106998,10725],{"class":93},[57,107000,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107002,107],{"class":93},[57,107004,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107006,107],{"class":93},[57,107008,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107010,107],{"class":93},[57,107012,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107014,9544],{"class":93},[57,107016,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107018,2818],{"class":63},[57,107020,68],{"class":67},[57,107022,10725],{"class":93},[57,107024,2299],{"class":1023},[57,107026,107],{"class":93},[57,107028,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107030,107],{"class":93},[57,107032,4838],{"class":1023},[57,107034,9544],{"class":93},[57,107036,107037],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107038,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107042,2463],{"class":63},[57,107044,68],{"class":67},[57,107046,57122],{"class":63},[57,107048,94],{"class":93},[57,107050,106867],{"class":97},[57,107052,101],{"class":93},[57,107054,664],{"class":97},[57,107056,112],{"class":93},[57,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107060,119],{"class":118},[57,107062,101],{"class":93},[57,107064,2498],{"class":97},[57,107066,112],{"class":93},[20,107068,243],{},[48,107070,107072],{"className":50,"code":107071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107073,107074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107075,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107077,9514],{"class":93},[57,107079,2299],{"class":1023},[57,107081,107],{"class":93},[57,107083,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107085,9544],{"class":93},[43,107087,17653],{"id":17652},[20,107089,107090,22211,107092,94],{},[15,107091,103015],{},[153,107093,6521],{},[20,107095,107096],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[48,107098,107100],{"className":50,"code":107099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107101,107102,107122,107142,107146,107164,107168,107178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107103,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107105,2790],{"class":63},[57,107107,68],{"class":67},[57,107109,10725],{"class":93},[57,107111,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107113,107],{"class":93},[57,107115,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107117,107],{"class":93},[57,107119,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107121,9544],{"class":93},[57,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107125,2818],{"class":63},[57,107127,68],{"class":67},[57,107129,10725],{"class":93},[57,107131,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107133,107],{"class":93},[57,107135,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107137,107],{"class":93},[57,107139,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107141,9544],{"class":93},[57,107143,107144],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107145,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107147,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107149,2463],{"class":63},[57,107151,68],{"class":67},[57,107153,57122],{"class":63},[57,107155,94],{"class":93},[57,107157,106867],{"class":97},[57,107159,101],{"class":93},[57,107161,664],{"class":97},[57,107163,112],{"class":93},[57,107165,107166],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107167,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107169,107170,107172,107174,107176],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,107171,119],{"class":118},[57,107173,101],{"class":93},[57,107175,2498],{"class":97},[57,107177,112],{"class":93},[57,107179,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,107181,119],{"class":118},[57,107183,101],{"class":93},[57,107185,1257],{"class":1256},[57,107187,101],{"class":93},[57,107189,2498],{"class":97},[57,107191,640],{"class":93},[20,107193,243],{},[48,107195,107197],{"className":50,"code":107196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107198,107199,107211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107200,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107202,9514],{"class":93},[57,107204,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107206,107],{"class":93},[57,107208,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107210,9544],{"class":93},[57,107212,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107214,1323],{"class":67},[57,107216,1327],{"class":1326},[57,107218,271],{"class":71},[57,107220,6521],{"class":75},[57,107222,261],{"class":71},[57,107224,1336],{"class":67},[20,107226,86034],{},[30,107228,107229,107232],{},[33,107230,107231],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,107233,107234],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[43,107236,11707],{"id":11706},[20,107238,107239],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[48,107241,107243],{"className":50,"code":107242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107244,107245,107278,107311,107315,107336,107340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107246,107247,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107248,107249],{"class":63},"colors1 ",[57,107251,68],{"class":67},[57,107253,10725],{"class":93},[57,107255,104],{"class":71},[57,107257,264],{"class":75},[57,107259,104],{"class":71},[57,107261,107],{"class":93},[57,107263,72],{"class":71},[57,107265,274],{"class":75},[57,107267,104],{"class":71},[57,107269,107],{"class":93},[57,107271,72],{"class":71},[57,107273,283],{"class":75},[57,107275,104],{"class":71},[57,107277,9544],{"class":93},[57,107279,107280,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107281,107282],{"class":63},"colors2 ",[57,107284,68],{"class":67},[57,107286,10725],{"class":93},[57,107288,104],{"class":71},[57,107290,283],{"class":75},[57,107292,104],{"class":71},[57,107294,107],{"class":93},[57,107296,72],{"class":71},[57,107298,22760],{"class":75},[57,107300,104],{"class":71},[57,107302,107],{"class":93},[57,107304,72],{"class":71},[57,107306,274],{"class":75},[57,107308,104],{"class":71},[57,107310,9544],{"class":93},[57,107312,107313],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107314,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107316,107317,107320,107322,107325,107327,107329,107331,107334],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107318,107319],{"class":63},"common_colors ",[57,107321,68],{"class":67},[57,107323,107324],{"class":63}," colors1",[57,107326,94],{"class":93},[57,107328,106867],{"class":97},[57,107330,101],{"class":93},[57,107332,107333],{"class":97},"colors2",[57,107335,112],{"class":93},[57,107337,107338],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107339,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107341,107342,107344,107346,107349],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,107343,119],{"class":118},[57,107345,101],{"class":93},[57,107347,107348],{"class":97},"common_colors",[57,107350,112],{"class":93},[20,107352,243],{},[48,107354,107356],{"className":50,"code":107355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107357,107358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107359,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107361,9514],{"class":93},[57,107363,261],{"class":71},[57,107365,274],{"class":75},[57,107367,261],{"class":71},[57,107369,107],{"class":93},[57,107371,271],{"class":71},[57,107373,283],{"class":75},[57,107375,261],{"class":71},[57,107377,9544],{"class":93},[20,107379,11916],{},[30,107381,107382,107388,107392,107397],{},[33,107383,107384,107387],{},[15,107385,107386],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,107389,107390,107387],{},[15,107391,107333],{},[33,107393,107394,107396],{},[15,107395,103015],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,107398,107399,107400],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107401,107348],{},[43,107403,425,107405,101382],{"id":107404},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107406,103015],{},[20,107408,107409,107410,94],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107411,103015],{},[20,107413,107414,107415,107417],{},"Only the values found in ",[153,107416,3950],{}," inputs will be kept.",[48,107419,107421],{"className":50,"code":107420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107422,107423,107447,107471,107491,107495,107517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107426,2790],{"class":63},[57,107428,68],{"class":67},[57,107430,10725],{"class":93},[57,107432,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107434,107],{"class":93},[57,107436,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107438,107],{"class":93},[57,107440,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107442,107],{"class":93},[57,107444,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107446,9544],{"class":93},[57,107448,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107450,2818],{"class":63},[57,107452,68],{"class":67},[57,107454,10725],{"class":93},[57,107456,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107458,107],{"class":93},[57,107460,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107462,107],{"class":93},[57,107464,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107466,107],{"class":93},[57,107468,4838],{"class":1023},[57,107470,9544],{"class":93},[57,107472,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107474,83410],{"class":63},[57,107476,68],{"class":67},[57,107478,10725],{"class":93},[57,107480,2299],{"class":1023},[57,107482,107],{"class":93},[57,107484,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107486,107],{"class":93},[57,107488,37884],{"class":1023},[57,107490,9544],{"class":93},[57,107492,107493],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107494,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107496,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107498,2463],{"class":63},[57,107500,68],{"class":67},[57,107502,57122],{"class":63},[57,107504,94],{"class":93},[57,107506,106867],{"class":97},[57,107508,101],{"class":93},[57,107510,664],{"class":97},[57,107512,107],{"class":93},[57,107514,9917],{"class":97},[57,107516,112],{"class":93},[57,107518,107519,107521,107523,107525],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,107520,119],{"class":118},[57,107522,101],{"class":93},[57,107524,2498],{"class":97},[57,107526,112],{"class":93},[20,107528,243],{},[48,107530,107531],{"className":50,"code":107071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,107532,107533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107534,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107536,9514],{"class":93},[57,107538,2299],{"class":1023},[57,107540,107],{"class":93},[57,107542,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107544,9544],{"class":93},[20,107546,107547],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107549,107550],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[48,107552,107554],{"className":50,"code":107553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107555,107556,107580,107584,107624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107557,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107559,2790],{"class":63},[57,107561,68],{"class":67},[57,107563,10725],{"class":93},[57,107565,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107567,107],{"class":93},[57,107569,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107571,107],{"class":93},[57,107573,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107575,107],{"class":93},[57,107577,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107579,9544],{"class":93},[57,107581,107582],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107583,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107585,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107587,2463],{"class":63},[57,107589,68],{"class":67},[57,107591,57122],{"class":63},[57,107593,94],{"class":93},[57,107595,106867],{"class":97},[57,107597,3221],{"class":93},[57,107599,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107601,107],{"class":93},[57,107603,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107605,107],{"class":93},[57,107607,37884],{"class":1023},[57,107609,18296],{"class":93},[57,107611,9472],{"class":93},[57,107613,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107615,107],{"class":93},[57,107617,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107619,107],{"class":93},[57,107621,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107623,640],{"class":93},[57,107625,107626,107628,107630,107632],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107627,119],{"class":118},[57,107629,101],{"class":93},[57,107631,2498],{"class":97},[57,107633,112],{"class":93},[20,107635,243],{},[48,107637,107639],{"className":50,"code":107638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107640,107641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107642,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107644,9514],{"class":93},[57,107646,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107648,107],{"class":93},[57,107650,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107652,9544],{"class":93},[43,107654,107656,577,107658],{"id":107655},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107657,103015],{},[15,107659,107660],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107662,101552],{},[572,107664,107665],{"id":106867},[15,107666,103015],{},[30,107668,107669,107671],{},[33,107670,101561],{},[33,107672,101564],{},[48,107674,107676],{"className":50,"code":107675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107677,107678,107698,107718,107722,107740,107744,107754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107679,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107681,2790],{"class":63},[57,107683,68],{"class":67},[57,107685,10725],{"class":93},[57,107687,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107689,107],{"class":93},[57,107691,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107693,107],{"class":93},[57,107695,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107697,9544],{"class":93},[57,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107701,2818],{"class":63},[57,107703,68],{"class":67},[57,107705,10725],{"class":93},[57,107707,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107709,107],{"class":93},[57,107711,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107713,107],{"class":93},[57,107715,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107717,9544],{"class":93},[57,107719,107720],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107721,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107725,2463],{"class":63},[57,107727,68],{"class":67},[57,107729,57122],{"class":63},[57,107731,94],{"class":93},[57,107733,106867],{"class":97},[57,107735,101],{"class":93},[57,107737,664],{"class":97},[57,107739,112],{"class":93},[57,107741,107742],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107743,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107745,107746,107748,107750,107752],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,107747,119],{"class":118},[57,107749,101],{"class":93},[57,107751,293],{"class":97},[57,107753,112],{"class":93},[57,107755,107756,107758,107760,107762],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,107757,119],{"class":118},[57,107759,101],{"class":93},[57,107761,2498],{"class":97},[57,107763,112],{"class":93},[20,107765,243],{},[48,107767,107769],{"className":50,"code":107768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107770,107771,107787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107774,9514],{"class":93},[57,107776,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107778,107],{"class":93},[57,107780,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107782,107],{"class":93},[57,107784,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107786,9544],{"class":93},[57,107788,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107790,9514],{"class":93},[57,107792,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107794,107],{"class":93},[57,107796,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107798,9544],{"class":93},[572,107800,107802],{"id":107801},"intersection_update",[15,107803,107660],{},[30,107805,107806,107808],{},[33,107807,101704],{},[33,107809,107810],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[48,107812,107814],{"className":50,"code":107813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107815,107816,107836,107856,107860,107874,107878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107817,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107819,2790],{"class":63},[57,107821,68],{"class":67},[57,107823,10725],{"class":93},[57,107825,3224],{"class":1023},[57,107827,107],{"class":93},[57,107829,1024],{"class":1023},[57,107831,107],{"class":93},[57,107833,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107835,9544],{"class":93},[57,107837,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107839,2818],{"class":63},[57,107841,68],{"class":67},[57,107843,10725],{"class":93},[57,107845,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107847,107],{"class":93},[57,107849,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107851,107],{"class":93},[57,107853,2692],{"class":1023},[57,107855,9544],{"class":93},[57,107857,107858],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107859,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107861,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,107863,293],{"class":63},[57,107865,94],{"class":93},[57,107867,107801],{"class":97},[57,107869,101],{"class":93},[57,107871,664],{"class":97},[57,107873,112],{"class":93},[57,107875,107876],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,107877,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,107879,107880,107882,107884,107886],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,107881,119],{"class":118},[57,107883,101],{"class":93},[57,107885,293],{"class":97},[57,107887,112],{"class":93},[20,107889,243],{},[48,107891,107893],{"className":50,"code":107892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107894,107895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107896,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107898,9514],{"class":93},[57,107900,1931],{"class":1023},[57,107902,107],{"class":93},[57,107904,2686],{"class":1023},[57,107906,9544],{"class":93},[20,107908,107909,107910,107912],{},"Choose ",[15,107911,103015],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[43,107914,4751],{"id":4750},[20,107916,14965,107917,1016],{},[15,107918,103015],{},[30,107920,107921,107924,107927,107930],{},[33,107922,107923],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107925,107926],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107928,107929],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107931,107932,107933],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107934,103015],{},[20,107936,107937],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107939,107940,107945,107948,107961],{},[33,107941,425,107942,107944],{},[15,107943,103015],{}," when order matters",[33,107946,107947],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107949,37444,107950,8940,107952,3114,107957],{},[15,107951,103015],{},[293,107953,107955],{"href":107954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107956,103023],{},[293,107958,107959],{"href":103064},[15,107960,100638],{},[33,107962,107963],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107965,30374],{},[48,107967,107969],{"className":50,"code":107968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107970,107971,107981,107995,108013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107972,107973,107975,107977,107979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107974,119],{"class":118},[57,107976,101],{"class":93},[57,107978,15899],{"class":97},[57,107980,112],{"class":93},[57,107982,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,107984,119],{"class":118},[57,107986,101],{"class":93},[57,107988,1257],{"class":1256},[57,107990,101],{"class":93},[57,107992,2498],{"class":97},[57,107994,640],{"class":93},[57,107996,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,107998,119],{"class":118},[57,108000,101],{"class":93},[57,108002,100809],{"class":97},[57,108004,94],{"class":93},[57,108006,106867],{"class":97},[57,108008,101],{"class":93},[57,108010,100818],{"class":97},[57,108012,640],{"class":93},[57,108014,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108016,119],{"class":118},[57,108018,101],{"class":93},[57,108020,2009],{"class":118},[57,108022,101],{"class":93},[57,108024,2498],{"class":97},[57,108026,640],{"class":93},[20,108028,179],{},[48,108030,108032],{"className":50,"code":108031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108033,108034,108058,108078,108082,108100,108104,108114,108124,108138],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108037,3853],{"class":63},[57,108039,68],{"class":67},[57,108041,10725],{"class":93},[57,108043,3224],{"class":1023},[57,108045,107],{"class":93},[57,108047,1024],{"class":1023},[57,108049,107],{"class":93},[57,108051,1024],{"class":1023},[57,108053,107],{"class":93},[57,108055,2686],{"class":1023},[57,108057,9544],{"class":93},[57,108059,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108061,43784],{"class":63},[57,108063,68],{"class":67},[57,108065,10725],{"class":93},[57,108067,1931],{"class":1023},[57,108069,107],{"class":93},[57,108071,2686],{"class":1023},[57,108073,107],{"class":93},[57,108075,2692],{"class":1023},[57,108077,9544],{"class":93},[57,108079,108080],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108081,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108083,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108085,2463],{"class":63},[57,108087,68],{"class":67},[57,108089,4495],{"class":63},[57,108091,94],{"class":93},[57,108093,106867],{"class":97},[57,108095,101],{"class":93},[57,108097,30982],{"class":97},[57,108099,112],{"class":93},[57,108101,108102],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,108103,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108105,108106,108108,108110,108112],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,108107,119],{"class":118},[57,108109,101],{"class":93},[57,108111,3883],{"class":97},[57,108113,112],{"class":93},[57,108115,108116,108118,108120,108122],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,108117,119],{"class":118},[57,108119,101],{"class":93},[57,108121,2498],{"class":97},[57,108123,112],{"class":93},[57,108125,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,108127,119],{"class":118},[57,108129,101],{"class":93},[57,108131,1257],{"class":1256},[57,108133,101],{"class":93},[57,108135,2498],{"class":97},[57,108137,640],{"class":93},[57,108139,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,108141,119],{"class":118},[57,108143,101],{"class":93},[57,108145,2009],{"class":118},[57,108147,101],{"class":93},[57,108149,2498],{"class":97},[57,108151,640],{"class":93},[20,108153,243],{},[48,108155,108157],{"className":50,"code":108156,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108158,108159,108175,108187,108201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108160,108161,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108162,9514],{"class":93},[57,108164,3224],{"class":1023},[57,108166,107],{"class":93},[57,108168,1024],{"class":1023},[57,108170,107],{"class":93},[57,108172,2686],{"class":1023},[57,108174,9544],{"class":93},[57,108176,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108178,9514],{"class":93},[57,108180,1931],{"class":1023},[57,108182,107],{"class":93},[57,108184,2686],{"class":1023},[57,108186,9544],{"class":93},[57,108188,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108190,1323],{"class":67},[57,108192,1327],{"class":1326},[57,108194,271],{"class":71},[57,108196,6521],{"class":75},[57,108198,261],{"class":71},[57,108200,1336],{"class":67},[57,108202,108203],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108204,17290],{"class":1023},[20,108206,108207,108208,108210],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108209,1931],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,108212,2075],{"id":2074},[572,108214,2099,108216,102963],{"id":108215},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108217,103015],{},[20,108219,102966],{},[572,108221,5402,108223,108225],{"id":108222},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108224,103015],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108227,108228],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[572,108230,108232],{"id":108231},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108234,108235],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[572,108237,108239],{"id":108238},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108241,108242],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[48,108244,108245],{"className":50,"code":97682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,108246,108247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108248,108249,108251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108250,6521],{"class":1256},[57,108252,212],{"class":93},[43,108254,2132],{"id":2131},[30,108256,108257,108261,108268,108274],{},[33,108258,108259],{},[293,108260,96552],{"href":96551},[33,108262,108263],{},[293,108264,3809,108265,742],{"href":107954},[15,108266,108267],{},"set.union()",[33,108269,108270],{},[293,108271,3809,108272,742],{"href":103064},[15,108273,100643],{},[33,108275,108276],{},[293,108277,100568],{"href":105567},[2161,108279,108280],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":108282},[108283,108285,108286,108287,108288,108290,108295,108296,108304],{"id":106896,"depth":82,"text":108284},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":107404,"depth":82,"text":108289},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107655,"depth":82,"text":108291,"children":108292},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108293,108294],{"id":106867,"depth":115,"text":103015},{"id":107801,"depth":115,"text":107660},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":108297},[108298,108300,108302,108303],{"id":108215,"depth":115,"text":108299},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108222,"depth":115,"text":108301},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108231,"depth":115,"text":108232},{"id":108238,"depth":115,"text":108239},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106789,"description":108305},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108312,"title":108313,"body":108314,"description":109550,"extension":2201,"meta":109551,"navigation":217,"path":109552,"seo":109553,"stem":109554,"__hash__":109555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108315,"toc":109517},[108316,108321,108327,108336,108338,108413,108418,108433,108443,108448,108452,108465,108469,108471,108486,108488,108504,108506,108581,108585,108588,108590,108607,108612,108667,108672,108684,108688,108691,108792,108794,108835,108838,108842,108849,108851,108876,108879,108897,108904,108910,108913,108995,109002,109005,109085,109094,109097,109102,109106,109120,109169,109174,109178,109189,109238,109249,109254,109258,109270,109319,109330,109332,109336,109359,109361,109418,109420,109434,109436,109442,109448,109454,109463,109467,109474,109478,109486,109488,109514],[10,108317,96424,108319,18],{"id":108318},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108320,12994],{},[20,108322,108323,108326],{},[15,108324,108325],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108328,108329,108330,108332,108333,108335],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[153,108331,175],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108334,12994],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[43,108337,46],{"id":45},[48,108339,108341],{"className":50,"code":108340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108342,108343,108375,108389,108393,108403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108346,8014],{"class":63},[57,108348,68],{"class":67},[57,108350,10725],{"class":93},[57,108352,104],{"class":71},[57,108354,836],{"class":75},[57,108356,104],{"class":71},[57,108358,107],{"class":93},[57,108360,72],{"class":71},[57,108362,845],{"class":75},[57,108364,104],{"class":71},[57,108366,107],{"class":93},[57,108368,72],{"class":71},[57,108370,854],{"class":75},[57,108372,104],{"class":71},[57,108374,9544],{"class":93},[57,108376,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108378,70162],{"class":63},[57,108380,68],{"class":67},[57,108382,6199],{"class":63},[57,108384,94],{"class":93},[57,108386,26479],{"class":97},[57,108388,212],{"class":93},[57,108390,108391],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108392,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108394,108395,108397,108399,108401],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108396,119],{"class":118},[57,108398,101],{"class":93},[57,108400,70185],{"class":97},[57,108402,112],{"class":93},[57,108404,108405,108407,108409,108411],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,108406,119],{"class":118},[57,108408,101],{"class":93},[57,108410,8045],{"class":97},[57,108412,112],{"class":93},[20,108414,108415],{},[153,108416,108417],{},"What this does:",[30,108419,108420,108425,108430],{},[33,108421,108422,108423],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108424,8045],{},[33,108426,108427,108428],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108429,70185],{},[33,108431,108432],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108434,108435,89184,108437,108439,108440,108442],{},[153,108436,84045],{},[15,108438,108325],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[153,108441,175],{}," chosen by index.",[43,108444,143,108446,146],{"id":108445},"what-setpop-does",[15,108447,108325],{},[20,108449,108450,1016],{},[15,108451,108325],{},[30,108453,108454,108456,108459,108462],{},[33,108455,103266],{},[33,108457,108458],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108460,108461],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108463,108464],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108466,96548,108467,94],{},[293,108468,96552],{"href":97723},[43,108470,300],{"id":299},[48,108472,108474],{"className":50,"code":108473,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108475,108476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108477,108478,108480,108482,108484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108479,15899],{"class":63},[57,108481,94],{"class":93},[57,108483,26479],{"class":97},[57,108485,212],{"class":93},[20,108487,13284],{},[30,108489,108490,108496,108501],{},[33,108491,108492,108493],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108494,108495],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108497,108498,108499],{},"It takes ",[153,108500,28927],{},[33,108502,108503],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108505,179],{},[48,108507,108509],{"className":50,"code":108508,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108510,108511,108543,108557,108561,108571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108512,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108514,13308],{"class":63},[57,108516,68],{"class":67},[57,108518,10725],{"class":93},[57,108520,104],{"class":71},[57,108522,264],{"class":75},[57,108524,104],{"class":71},[57,108526,107],{"class":93},[57,108528,72],{"class":71},[57,108530,274],{"class":75},[57,108532,104],{"class":71},[57,108534,107],{"class":93},[57,108536,72],{"class":71},[57,108538,283],{"class":75},[57,108540,104],{"class":71},[57,108542,9544],{"class":93},[57,108544,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108546,28777],{"class":63},[57,108548,68],{"class":67},[57,108550,13354],{"class":63},[57,108552,94],{"class":93},[57,108554,26479],{"class":97},[57,108556,212],{"class":93},[57,108558,108559],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108560,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108562,108563,108565,108567,108569],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108564,119],{"class":118},[57,108566,101],{"class":93},[57,108568,23547],{"class":97},[57,108570,112],{"class":93},[57,108572,108573,108575,108577,108579],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,108574,119],{"class":118},[57,108576,101],{"class":93},[57,108578,17736],{"class":97},[57,108580,112],{"class":93},[43,108582,108584],{"id":108583},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108586,108587],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108589,2343],{},[30,108591,108592,108598,108601],{},[33,108593,108594,108595,108597],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108596,12994],{}," removes",[33,108599,108600],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108602,108603,108604,108606],{},"You should not use ",[15,108605,12994],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108608,10695,108609,108611],{},[153,108610,175],{}," valid:",[48,108613,108615],{"className":50,"code":108614,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108616,108617,108649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108620,36479],{"class":63},[57,108622,68],{"class":67},[57,108624,10725],{"class":93},[57,108626,104],{"class":71},[57,108628,836],{"class":75},[57,108630,104],{"class":71},[57,108632,107],{"class":93},[57,108634,72],{"class":71},[57,108636,845],{"class":75},[57,108638,104],{"class":71},[57,108640,107],{"class":93},[57,108642,72],{"class":71},[57,108644,854],{"class":75},[57,108646,104],{"class":71},[57,108648,9544],{"class":93},[57,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108652,36531],{"class":63},[57,108654,94],{"class":93},[57,108656,26479],{"class":97},[57,108658,101],{"class":93},[57,108660,104],{"class":71},[57,108662,836],{"class":75},[57,108664,104],{"class":71},[57,108666,112],{"class":93},[20,108668,39894,108669,108671],{},[15,108670,108325],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108673,108674,108675,3114,108679,94],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[293,108676,108677],{"href":98433},[15,108678,103092],{},[293,108680,108682],{"href":108681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108683,103083],{},[43,108685,108687],{"id":108686},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108689,108690],{},"Here is a simple example:",[48,108692,108694],{"className":50,"code":108693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108695,108696,108730,108734,108750,108754,108773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108697,108698,108701,108703,108705,108707,108709,108711,108713,108715,108717,108719,108721,108723,108726,108728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108699,108700],{"class":63},"animals ",[57,108702,68],{"class":67},[57,108704,10725],{"class":93},[57,108706,104],{"class":71},[57,108708,1296],{"class":75},[57,108710,104],{"class":71},[57,108712,107],{"class":93},[57,108714,72],{"class":71},[57,108716,1305],{"class":75},[57,108718,104],{"class":71},[57,108720,107],{"class":93},[57,108722,72],{"class":71},[57,108724,108725],{"class":75},"rabbit",[57,108727,104],{"class":71},[57,108729,9544],{"class":93},[57,108731,108732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108733,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108735,108736,108739,108741,108744,108746,108748],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108737,108738],{"class":63},"removed_animal ",[57,108740,68],{"class":67},[57,108742,108743],{"class":63}," animals",[57,108745,94],{"class":93},[57,108747,26479],{"class":97},[57,108749,212],{"class":93},[57,108751,108752],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108753,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108755,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108771],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,108757,119],{"class":118},[57,108759,101],{"class":93},[57,108761,104],{"class":71},[57,108763,29195],{"class":75},[57,108765,104],{"class":71},[57,108767,107],{"class":93},[57,108769,108770],{"class":97}," removed_animal",[57,108772,112],{"class":93},[57,108774,108775,108777,108779,108781,108784,108786,108788,108790],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,108776,119],{"class":118},[57,108778,101],{"class":93},[57,108780,104],{"class":71},[57,108782,108783],{"class":75},"Updated set:",[57,108785,104],{"class":71},[57,108787,107],{"class":93},[57,108789,108743],{"class":97},[57,108791,112],{"class":93},[20,108793,30268],{},[48,108795,108797],{"className":50,"code":108796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108798,108799,108808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108800,108801,108803,108805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108802,29237],{"class":63},[57,108804,1016],{"class":93},[57,108806,108807],{"class":63}," dog\n",[57,108809,108810,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108811,108812],{"class":63},"Updated ",[57,108814,6521],{"class":1256},[57,108816,1016],{"class":93},[57,108818,10725],{"class":93},[57,108820,261],{"class":71},[57,108822,1296],{"class":75},[57,108824,261],{"class":71},[57,108826,107],{"class":93},[57,108828,271],{"class":71},[57,108830,108725],{"class":75},[57,108832,261],{"class":71},[57,108834,9544],{"class":93},[20,108836,108837],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[43,108839,108841],{"id":108840},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108843,29888,108844,108846,108847,94],{},[15,108845,12994],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108848,19922],{},[20,108850,179],{},[48,108852,108854],{"className":50,"code":108853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108855,108856,108866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108859,8014],{"class":63},[57,108861,68],{"class":67},[57,108863,15866],{"class":1256},[57,108865,212],{"class":93},[57,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108869,8045],{"class":63},[57,108871,94],{"class":93},[57,108873,26479],{"class":97},[57,108875,212],{"class":93},[20,108877,108878],{},"This raises:",[48,108880,108882],{"className":50,"code":108881,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108883,108884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108885,108886,108888,108890,108892,108895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108887,19922],{"class":1256},[57,108889,1016],{"class":93},[57,108891,271],{"class":71},[57,108893,108894],{"class":75},"pop from an empty set",[57,108896,29938],{"class":71},[20,108898,108899,108900,108903],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[293,108901,108902],{"href":11307},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[572,108905,108907,108908],{"id":108906},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108909,12994],{},[20,108911,108912],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[48,108914,108916],{"className":50,"code":108915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108917,108918,108928,108932,108940,108955,108974,108980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108919,108920,108922,108924,108926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108921,8014],{"class":63},[57,108923,68],{"class":67},[57,108925,15866],{"class":1256},[57,108927,212],{"class":93},[57,108929,108930],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,108931,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,108933,108934,108936,108938],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,108935,7233],{"class":4110},[57,108937,6199],{"class":63},[57,108939,6628],{"class":93},[57,108941,108942,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,108943,108944],{"class":63},"    removed ",[57,108946,68],{"class":67},[57,108948,6199],{"class":63},[57,108950,94],{"class":93},[57,108952,26479],{"class":97},[57,108954,212],{"class":93},[57,108956,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108972],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,108958,8304],{"class":118},[57,108960,101],{"class":93},[57,108962,104],{"class":71},[57,108964,29195],{"class":75},[57,108966,104],{"class":71},[57,108968,107],{"class":93},[57,108970,108971],{"class":97}," removed",[57,108973,112],{"class":93},[57,108975,108976,108978],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,108977,27672],{"class":4110},[57,108979,6628],{"class":93},[57,108981,108982,108984,108986,108988,108991,108993],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,108983,8304],{"class":118},[57,108985,101],{"class":93},[57,108987,104],{"class":71},[57,108989,108990],{"class":75},"The set is empty.",[57,108992,104],{"class":71},[57,108994,112],{"class":93},[572,108996,136,108998,2082,109000],{"id":108997},"use-try-and-except",[15,108999,30042],{},[15,109001,30073],{},[20,109003,109004],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[48,109006,109008],{"className":50,"code":109007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109009,109010,109020,109024,109030,109044,109062,109070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109011,109012,109014,109016,109018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109013,8014],{"class":63},[57,109015,68],{"class":67},[57,109017,15866],{"class":1256},[57,109019,212],{"class":93},[57,109021,109022],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109023,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,109025,109026,109028],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109027,30042],{"class":4110},[57,109029,6628],{"class":93},[57,109031,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,109033,108944],{"class":63},[57,109035,68],{"class":67},[57,109037,6199],{"class":63},[57,109039,94],{"class":93},[57,109041,26479],{"class":97},[57,109043,212],{"class":93},[57,109045,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,109047,8304],{"class":118},[57,109049,101],{"class":93},[57,109051,104],{"class":71},[57,109053,29195],{"class":75},[57,109055,104],{"class":71},[57,109057,107],{"class":93},[57,109059,108971],{"class":97},[57,109061,112],{"class":93},[57,109063,109064,109066,109068],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,109065,30073],{"class":4110},[57,109067,30076],{"class":1256},[57,109069,6628],{"class":93},[57,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078,109081,109083],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,109073,8304],{"class":118},[57,109075,101],{"class":93},[57,109077,104],{"class":71},[57,109079,109080],{"class":75},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[57,109082,104],{"class":71},[57,109084,112],{"class":93},[43,109086,1637,109088,577,109090,577,109092],{"id":109087},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109089,12994],{},[15,109091,55764],{},[15,109093,103078],{},[20,109095,109096],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[572,109098,136,109100],{"id":109099},"use-pop",[15,109101,12994],{},[20,109103,136,109104,10835],{},[15,109105,12994],{},[30,109107,109108,109114,109117],{},[33,109109,109110,109111],{},"You want to remove ",[153,109112,109113],{},"any one item",[33,109115,109116],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,109118,109119],{},"You want the removed item returned",[48,109121,109123],{"className":50,"code":109122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109124,109125,109145,109159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109128,3853],{"class":63},[57,109130,68],{"class":67},[57,109132,10725],{"class":93},[57,109134,3224],{"class":1023},[57,109136,107],{"class":93},[57,109138,1024],{"class":1023},[57,109140,107],{"class":93},[57,109142,2686],{"class":1023},[57,109144,9544],{"class":93},[57,109146,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109148,2681],{"class":63},[57,109150,68],{"class":67},[57,109152,4495],{"class":63},[57,109154,94],{"class":93},[57,109156,26479],{"class":97},[57,109158,212],{"class":93},[57,109160,109161,109163,109165,109167],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109162,119],{"class":118},[57,109164,101],{"class":93},[57,109166,2708],{"class":97},[57,109168,112],{"class":93},[572,109170,136,109172],{"id":109171},"use-remove",[15,109173,55764],{},[20,109175,136,109176,10835],{},[15,109177,55764],{},[30,109179,109180,109186],{},[33,109181,109182,109183],{},"You want to delete a ",[153,109184,109185],{},"specific item",[33,109187,109188],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[48,109190,109192],{"className":50,"code":109191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109193,109194,109214,109228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109195,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109197,3853],{"class":63},[57,109199,68],{"class":67},[57,109201,10725],{"class":93},[57,109203,3224],{"class":1023},[57,109205,107],{"class":93},[57,109207,1024],{"class":1023},[57,109209,107],{"class":93},[57,109211,2686],{"class":1023},[57,109213,9544],{"class":93},[57,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109217,3883],{"class":63},[57,109219,94],{"class":93},[57,109221,35032],{"class":97},[57,109223,101],{"class":93},[57,109225,1931],{"class":1023},[57,109227,112],{"class":93},[57,109229,109230,109232,109234,109236],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109231,119],{"class":118},[57,109233,101],{"class":93},[57,109235,3883],{"class":97},[57,109237,112],{"class":93},[20,109239,109240,109241,109243,109244,109248],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109242,55764],{}," raises an error. See the ",[293,109245,109246,742],{"href":98433},[15,109247,103092],{}," for details.",[572,109250,136,109252],{"id":109251},"use-discard",[15,109253,103078],{},[20,109255,136,109256,10835],{},[15,109257,103078],{},[30,109259,109260,109264],{},[33,109261,109182,109262],{},[153,109263,109185],{},[33,109265,109266,109267,109269],{},"You do ",[153,109268,175],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[48,109271,109273],{"className":50,"code":109272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109274,109275,109295,109309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109276,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109278,3853],{"class":63},[57,109280,68],{"class":67},[57,109282,10725],{"class":93},[57,109284,3224],{"class":1023},[57,109286,107],{"class":93},[57,109288,1024],{"class":1023},[57,109290,107],{"class":93},[57,109292,2686],{"class":1023},[57,109294,9544],{"class":93},[57,109296,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109298,3883],{"class":63},[57,109300,94],{"class":93},[57,109302,103145],{"class":97},[57,109304,101],{"class":93},[57,109306,2372],{"class":1023},[57,109308,112],{"class":93},[57,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109312,119],{"class":118},[57,109314,101],{"class":93},[57,109316,3883],{"class":97},[57,109318,112],{"class":93},[20,109320,109321,109322,109324,109325,109329],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109323,2372],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[293,109326,109327,742],{"href":108681},[15,109328,103083],{}," for more examples.",[43,109331,1673],{"id":1672},[20,109333,71707,109334,1016],{},[15,109335,108325],{},[30,109337,109338,109344,109349,109354],{},[33,109339,109340,109341],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109342,109343],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,109345,8688,109346,109348],{},[15,109347,12994],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,109350,29888,109351,109353],{},[15,109352,12994],{}," on an empty set",[33,109355,425,109356,109358],{},[15,109357,12994],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109360,62525],{},[48,109362,109364],{"className":50,"code":109363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109365,109366,109376,109390,109404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109367,109368,109370,109372,109374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109369,119],{"class":118},[57,109371,101],{"class":93},[57,109373,15899],{"class":97},[57,109375,112],{"class":93},[57,109377,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109379,119],{"class":118},[57,109381,101],{"class":93},[57,109383,2009],{"class":118},[57,109385,101],{"class":93},[57,109387,15899],{"class":97},[57,109389,640],{"class":93},[57,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109393,119],{"class":118},[57,109395,101],{"class":93},[57,109397,1257],{"class":1256},[57,109399,101],{"class":93},[57,109401,15899],{"class":97},[57,109403,640],{"class":93},[57,109405,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,109407,28777],{"class":63},[57,109409,68],{"class":67},[57,109411,97148],{"class":63},[57,109413,94],{"class":93},[57,109415,26479],{"class":97},[57,109417,212],{"class":93},[20,109419,26246],{},[30,109421,109422,109425,109428,109431],{},[33,109423,109424],{},"What values are in the set",[33,109426,109427],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,109429,109430],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,109432,109433],{},"What value was actually removed",[43,109435,2075],{"id":2074},[572,109437,2099,109439,109441],{"id":109438},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109440,108325],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109443,109444,109445,109447],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109446,12994],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[572,109449,109451,109452,2085],{"id":109450},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109453,108325],{},[20,109455,109456,109457,109459,109460,109462],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109458,12994],{},", set ",[15,109461,12994],{}," does not accept an index.",[572,109464,109466],{"id":109465},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109468,71876,109469,44865,109471,109473],{},[15,109470,19922],{},[15,109472,12994],{}," is called on an empty set.",[572,109475,109477],{"id":109476},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109479,136,109480,3114,109482,11325,109484,94],{},[15,109481,55764],{},[15,109483,103078],{},[15,109485,12994],{},[43,109487,2132],{"id":2131},[30,109489,109490,109494,109500,109506,109510],{},[33,109491,109492],{},[293,109493,96552],{"href":97723},[33,109495,109496],{},[293,109497,97038,109498,742],{"href":98433},[15,109499,55764],{},[33,109501,109502],{},[293,109503,97038,109504,742],{"href":108681},[15,109505,103078],{},[33,109507,109508],{},[293,109509,11494],{"href":11307},[33,109511,109512],{},[293,109513,55750],{"href":55302},[2161,109515,109516],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":109518},[109519,109520,109522,109523,109524,109525,109531,109540,109541,109549],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":108445,"depth":82,"text":109521},"What set.pop() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":108583,"depth":82,"text":108584},{"id":108686,"depth":82,"text":108687},{"id":108840,"depth":82,"text":108841,"children":109526},[109527,109529],{"id":108906,"depth":115,"text":109528},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108997,"depth":115,"text":109530},"Use try and except",{"id":109087,"depth":82,"text":109532,"children":109533},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109534,109536,109538],{"id":109099,"depth":115,"text":109535},"Use pop()",{"id":109171,"depth":115,"text":109537},"Use remove()",{"id":109251,"depth":115,"text":109539},"Use discard()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":109542},[109543,109545,109547,109548],{"id":109438,"depth":115,"text":109544},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109450,"depth":115,"text":109546},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109465,"depth":115,"text":109466},{"id":109476,"depth":115,"text":109477},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108313,"description":109550},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109557,"title":109558,"body":109559,"description":110713,"extension":2201,"meta":110714,"navigation":217,"path":110715,"seo":110716,"stem":110717,"__hash__":110718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109560,"toc":110681},[109561,109566,109571,109580,109582,109647,109651,109675,109682,109687,109691,109706,109709,109711,109730,109744,109747,109795,109799,109815,109817,109890,109894,109919,109925,109933,109937,109944,109999,110004,110021,110027,110033,110038,110046,110053,110057,110065,110120,110122,110139,110143,110150,110215,110219,110252,110254,110266,110273,110275,110280,110287,110289,110358,110362,110370,110372,110436,110440,110445,110492,110497,110565,110573,110580,110583,110589,110594,110598,110600,110603,110605,110610,110615,110621,110626,110633,110641,110647,110650,110652,110678],[10,109562,96424,109564,18],{"id":109563},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109565,55764],{},[20,109567,109568,109570],{},[15,109569,103092],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109572,109573,109574,109577,109578,94],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[153,109575,109576],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109579,19922],{},[43,109581,46],{"id":45},[48,109583,109585],{"className":50,"code":109584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109586,109587,109619,109637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109588,109589,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109590,13308],{"class":63},[57,109592,68],{"class":67},[57,109594,10725],{"class":93},[57,109596,104],{"class":71},[57,109598,264],{"class":75},[57,109600,104],{"class":71},[57,109602,107],{"class":93},[57,109604,72],{"class":71},[57,109606,274],{"class":75},[57,109608,104],{"class":71},[57,109610,107],{"class":93},[57,109612,72],{"class":71},[57,109614,283],{"class":75},[57,109616,104],{"class":71},[57,109618,9544],{"class":93},[57,109620,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109622,17736],{"class":63},[57,109624,94],{"class":93},[57,109626,35032],{"class":97},[57,109628,101],{"class":93},[57,109630,104],{"class":71},[57,109632,274],{"class":75},[57,109634,104],{"class":71},[57,109636,112],{"class":93},[57,109638,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109640,119],{"class":118},[57,109642,101],{"class":93},[57,109644,17736],{"class":97},[57,109646,112],{"class":93},[20,109648,109649],{},[153,109650,30268],{},[48,109652,109653],{"className":50,"code":103772,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109654,109655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109656,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109658,9514],{"class":93},[57,109660,261],{"class":71},[57,109662,264],{"class":75},[57,109664,261],{"class":71},[57,109666,107],{"class":93},[57,109668,271],{"class":71},[57,109670,283],{"class":75},[57,109672,261],{"class":71},[57,109674,9544],{"class":93},[20,109676,136,109677,109679,109680,94],{},[15,109678,55764],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109681,19922],{},[43,109683,143,109685,146],{"id":109684},"what-setremove-does",[15,109686,103092],{},[20,109688,109689,1016],{},[15,109690,103092],{},[30,109692,109693,109696,109698,109700],{},[33,109694,109695],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109697,96539],{},[33,109699,96542],{},[33,109701,109702,109703,109705],{},"Raises ",[15,109704,19922],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109707,109708],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[43,109710,300],{"id":299},[48,109712,109714],{"className":50,"code":109713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109715,109716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109717,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109719,15899],{"class":63},[57,109721,94],{"class":93},[57,109723,35032],{"class":97},[57,109725,101],{"class":93},[57,109727,2708],{"class":97},[57,109729,112],{"class":93},[30,109731,109732,109736,109741],{},[33,109733,109734,103314],{},[15,109735,15899],{},[33,109737,109738,109740],{},[15,109739,2708],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109742,109743],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109745,109746],{},"Here is a small example:",[48,109748,109749],{"className":50,"code":109191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109750,109751,109771,109785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109752,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109754,3853],{"class":63},[57,109756,68],{"class":67},[57,109758,10725],{"class":93},[57,109760,3224],{"class":1023},[57,109762,107],{"class":93},[57,109764,1024],{"class":1023},[57,109766,107],{"class":93},[57,109768,2686],{"class":1023},[57,109770,9544],{"class":93},[57,109772,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109774,3883],{"class":63},[57,109776,94],{"class":93},[57,109778,35032],{"class":97},[57,109780,101],{"class":93},[57,109782,1931],{"class":1023},[57,109784,112],{"class":93},[57,109786,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109788,119],{"class":118},[57,109790,101],{"class":93},[57,109792,3883],{"class":97},[57,109794,112],{"class":93},[20,109796,109797],{},[153,109798,30268],{},[48,109800,109801],{"className":50,"code":101522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109802,109803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109804,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109806,9514],{"class":93},[57,109808,3224],{"class":1023},[57,109810,107],{"class":93},[57,109812,2686],{"class":1023},[57,109814,9544],{"class":93},[43,109816,11707],{"id":11706},[48,109818,109820],{"className":50,"code":109819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109821,109822,109854,109858,109876,109880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109823,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109825,36479],{"class":63},[57,109827,68],{"class":67},[57,109829,10725],{"class":93},[57,109831,104],{"class":71},[57,109833,836],{"class":75},[57,109835,104],{"class":71},[57,109837,107],{"class":93},[57,109839,72],{"class":71},[57,109841,845],{"class":75},[57,109843,104],{"class":71},[57,109845,107],{"class":93},[57,109847,72],{"class":71},[57,109849,33461],{"class":75},[57,109851,104],{"class":71},[57,109853,9544],{"class":93},[57,109855,109856],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109857,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,109859,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,109861,36531],{"class":63},[57,109863,94],{"class":93},[57,109865,35032],{"class":97},[57,109867,101],{"class":93},[57,109869,104],{"class":71},[57,109871,845],{"class":75},[57,109873,104],{"class":71},[57,109875,112],{"class":93},[57,109877,109878],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,109879,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,109881,109882,109884,109886,109888],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,109883,119],{"class":118},[57,109885,101],{"class":93},[57,109887,36531],{"class":97},[57,109889,112],{"class":93},[20,109891,109892],{},[153,109893,30268],{},[48,109895,109897],{"className":50,"code":109896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109898,109899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109900,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109902,9514],{"class":93},[57,109904,261],{"class":71},[57,109906,836],{"class":75},[57,109908,261],{"class":71},[57,109910,107],{"class":93},[57,109912,271],{"class":71},[57,109914,33461],{"class":75},[57,109916,261],{"class":71},[57,109918,9544],{"class":93},[20,109920,109921,109922,109924],{},"This removes ",[15,109923,65505],{}," from the set.",[20,109926,109927,109928,109930,109931,94],{},"A set does ",[153,109929,175],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[293,109932,96556],{"href":98107},[43,109934,109936],{"id":109935},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109938,109939,109940,52729,109942,94],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109941,55764],{},[15,109943,19922],{},[48,109945,109947],{"className":50,"code":109946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109948,109949,109981],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109950,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109952,13308],{"class":63},[57,109954,68],{"class":67},[57,109956,10725],{"class":93},[57,109958,104],{"class":71},[57,109960,264],{"class":75},[57,109962,104],{"class":71},[57,109964,107],{"class":93},[57,109966,72],{"class":71},[57,109968,274],{"class":75},[57,109970,104],{"class":71},[57,109972,107],{"class":93},[57,109974,72],{"class":71},[57,109976,283],{"class":75},[57,109978,104],{"class":71},[57,109980,9544],{"class":93},[57,109982,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,109984,17736],{"class":63},[57,109986,94],{"class":93},[57,109988,35032],{"class":97},[57,109990,101],{"class":93},[57,109992,104],{"class":71},[57,109994,22760],{"class":75},[57,109996,104],{"class":71},[57,109998,112],{"class":93},[20,110000,110001],{},[153,110002,110003],{},"Result:",[48,110005,110007],{"className":50,"code":110006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110008,110009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110010,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110012,19922],{"class":1256},[57,110014,1016],{"class":93},[57,110016,271],{"class":71},[57,110018,22760],{"class":75},[57,110020,29938],{"class":71},[20,110022,22425,110023,110026],{},[15,110024,110025],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110028,110029,110030,110032],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110031,55764],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110034,110035,110036,94],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[293,110037,11494],{"href":11307},[43,110039,4430,110041,110043,110044],{"id":110040},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110042,55764],{}," is different from ",[15,110045,103078],{},[20,110047,110048,2082,110050,110052],{},[15,110049,55764],{},[15,110051,103078],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[572,110054,110055],{"id":35032},[15,110056,55764],{},[30,110058,110059,110062],{},[33,110060,110061],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,110063,110064],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[48,110066,110068],{"className":50,"code":110067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110069,110070,110102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110071,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110073,36330],{"class":63},[57,110075,68],{"class":67},[57,110077,10725],{"class":93},[57,110079,104],{"class":71},[57,110081,293],{"class":75},[57,110083,104],{"class":71},[57,110085,107],{"class":93},[57,110087,72],{"class":71},[57,110089,664],{"class":75},[57,110091,104],{"class":71},[57,110093,107],{"class":93},[57,110095,72],{"class":71},[57,110097,673],{"class":75},[57,110099,104],{"class":71},[57,110101,9544],{"class":93},[57,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110105,36383],{"class":63},[57,110107,94],{"class":93},[57,110109,35032],{"class":97},[57,110111,101],{"class":93},[57,110113,104],{"class":71},[57,110115,19002],{"class":75},[57,110117,104],{"class":71},[57,110119,112],{"class":93},[20,110121,108878],{},[48,110123,110125],{"className":50,"code":110124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110126,110127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110128,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110130,19922],{"class":1256},[57,110132,1016],{"class":93},[57,110134,271],{"class":71},[57,110136,19002],{"class":75},[57,110138,29938],{"class":71},[572,110140,110141],{"id":103145},[15,110142,103078],{},[30,110144,110145,110147],{},[33,110146,110061],{},[33,110148,110149],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[48,110151,110153],{"className":50,"code":110152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110154,110155,110187,110205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110156,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110158,36330],{"class":63},[57,110160,68],{"class":67},[57,110162,10725],{"class":93},[57,110164,104],{"class":71},[57,110166,293],{"class":75},[57,110168,104],{"class":71},[57,110170,107],{"class":93},[57,110172,72],{"class":71},[57,110174,664],{"class":75},[57,110176,104],{"class":71},[57,110178,107],{"class":93},[57,110180,72],{"class":71},[57,110182,673],{"class":75},[57,110184,104],{"class":71},[57,110186,9544],{"class":93},[57,110188,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110190,36383],{"class":63},[57,110192,94],{"class":93},[57,110194,103145],{"class":97},[57,110196,101],{"class":93},[57,110198,104],{"class":71},[57,110200,19002],{"class":75},[57,110202,104],{"class":71},[57,110204,112],{"class":93},[57,110206,110207,110209,110211,110213],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110208,119],{"class":118},[57,110210,101],{"class":93},[57,110212,36383],{"class":97},[57,110214,112],{"class":93},[20,110216,110217],{},[153,110218,243],{},[48,110220,110222],{"className":50,"code":110221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110223,110224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110227,9514],{"class":93},[57,110229,261],{"class":71},[57,110231,293],{"class":75},[57,110233,261],{"class":71},[57,110235,107],{"class":93},[57,110237,271],{"class":71},[57,110239,664],{"class":75},[57,110241,261],{"class":71},[57,110243,107],{"class":93},[57,110245,271],{"class":71},[57,110247,673],{"class":75},[57,110249,261],{"class":71},[57,110251,9544],{"class":93},[20,110253,18929],{},[30,110255,110256,110261],{},[33,110257,110258,110260],{},[15,110259,55764],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,110262,110263,110265],{},[15,110264,103078],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110267,110268,110269,94],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[293,110270,97038,110271,742],{"href":108681},[15,110272,103078],{},[43,110274,4751],{"id":4750},[572,110276,8688,110278,97418],{"id":110277},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110279,55764],{},[20,110281,110282,110284,110285,94],{},[15,110283,55764],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110286,4012],{},[20,110288,16877],{},[48,110290,110292],{"className":50,"code":110291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110293,110294,110326,110348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110295,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110297,13308],{"class":63},[57,110299,68],{"class":67},[57,110301,10725],{"class":93},[57,110303,104],{"class":71},[57,110305,264],{"class":75},[57,110307,104],{"class":71},[57,110309,107],{"class":93},[57,110311,72],{"class":71},[57,110313,274],{"class":75},[57,110315,104],{"class":71},[57,110317,107],{"class":93},[57,110319,72],{"class":71},[57,110321,283],{"class":75},[57,110323,104],{"class":71},[57,110325,9544],{"class":93},[57,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110329,13349],{"class":63},[57,110331,68],{"class":67},[57,110333,13354],{"class":63},[57,110335,94],{"class":93},[57,110337,35032],{"class":97},[57,110339,101],{"class":93},[57,110341,104],{"class":71},[57,110343,274],{"class":75},[57,110345,104],{"class":71},[57,110347,112],{"class":93},[57,110349,110350,110352,110354,110356],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110351,119],{"class":118},[57,110353,101],{"class":93},[57,110355,13373],{"class":97},[57,110357,112],{"class":93},[20,110359,110360],{},[153,110361,243],{},[48,110363,110364],{"className":50,"code":12040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110365,110366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110367,110368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110369,12040],{"class":4085},[20,110371,16889],{},[48,110373,110374],{"className":50,"code":109584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110375,110376,110408,110426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110377,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110379,13308],{"class":63},[57,110381,68],{"class":67},[57,110383,10725],{"class":93},[57,110385,104],{"class":71},[57,110387,264],{"class":75},[57,110389,104],{"class":71},[57,110391,107],{"class":93},[57,110393,72],{"class":71},[57,110395,274],{"class":75},[57,110397,104],{"class":71},[57,110399,107],{"class":93},[57,110401,72],{"class":71},[57,110403,283],{"class":75},[57,110405,104],{"class":71},[57,110407,9544],{"class":93},[57,110409,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110411,17736],{"class":63},[57,110413,94],{"class":93},[57,110415,35032],{"class":97},[57,110417,101],{"class":93},[57,110419,104],{"class":71},[57,110421,274],{"class":75},[57,110423,104],{"class":71},[57,110425,112],{"class":93},[57,110427,110428,110430,110432,110434],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110429,119],{"class":118},[57,110431,101],{"class":93},[57,110433,17736],{"class":97},[57,110435,112],{"class":93},[572,110437,110439],{"id":110438},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110441,110442,110443,94],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110444,19922],{},[48,110446,110448],{"className":50,"code":110447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110449,110450,110474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110451,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110453,13308],{"class":63},[57,110455,68],{"class":67},[57,110457,10725],{"class":93},[57,110459,104],{"class":71},[57,110461,264],{"class":75},[57,110463,104],{"class":71},[57,110465,107],{"class":93},[57,110467,72],{"class":71},[57,110469,274],{"class":75},[57,110471,104],{"class":71},[57,110473,9544],{"class":93},[57,110475,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110477,17736],{"class":63},[57,110479,94],{"class":93},[57,110481,35032],{"class":97},[57,110483,101],{"class":93},[57,110485,104],{"class":71},[57,110487,283],{"class":75},[57,110489,104],{"class":71},[57,110491,112],{"class":93},[20,110493,110494,110495,1016],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110496,4117],{},[48,110498,110500],{"className":50,"code":110499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110501,110502,110526,110530,110546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110503,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110505,13308],{"class":63},[57,110507,68],{"class":67},[57,110509,10725],{"class":93},[57,110511,104],{"class":71},[57,110513,264],{"class":75},[57,110515,104],{"class":71},[57,110517,107],{"class":93},[57,110519,72],{"class":71},[57,110521,274],{"class":75},[57,110523,104],{"class":71},[57,110525,9544],{"class":93},[57,110527,110528],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110529,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,110531,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110533,7233],{"class":4110},[57,110535,72],{"class":71},[57,110537,283],{"class":75},[57,110539,104],{"class":71},[57,110541,21409],{"class":67},[57,110543,13354],{"class":63},[57,110545,6628],{"class":93},[57,110547,110548,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,110549,110550],{"class":63},"    colors",[57,110552,94],{"class":93},[57,110554,35032],{"class":97},[57,110556,101],{"class":93},[57,110558,104],{"class":71},[57,110560,283],{"class":75},[57,110562,104],{"class":71},[57,110564,112],{"class":93},[20,110566,110567,110568,110572],{},"Or use ",[293,110569,110570],{"href":108681},[15,110571,103078],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[572,110574,37444,110576,8940,110578],{"id":110575},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110577,103092],{},[15,110579,55310],{},[20,110581,110582],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110584,110585,110586,110588],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110587,103092],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110590,110591,110592,94],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[293,110593,99302],{"href":99301},[572,110595,110597],{"id":110596},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110599,108587],{},[20,110601,110602],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[43,110604,2075],{"id":2074},[572,110606,2099,110608,97517],{"id":110607},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110609,103092],{},[20,110611,110612,110613,94],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110614,4012],{},[572,110616,30526,110618,110620],{"id":110617},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110619,103092],{}," raise?",[20,110622,30532,110623,110625],{},[15,110624,19922],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[572,110627,21656,110629,3114,110631,2085],{"id":110628},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110630,55764],{},[15,110632,103078],{},[20,110634,136,110635,110637,110638,110640],{},[15,110636,55764],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110639,103078],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[572,110642,5402,110644,110646],{"id":110643},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110645,103092],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110648,110649],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[43,110651,2132],{"id":2131},[30,110653,110654,110660,110666,110670,110674],{},[33,110655,110656],{},[293,110657,97038,110658,742],{"href":108681},[15,110659,103078],{},[33,110661,110662],{},[293,110663,97038,110664,742],{"href":98438},[15,110665,12994],{},[33,110667,110668],{},[293,110669,97562],{"href":98107},[33,110671,110672],{},[293,110673,100568],{"href":99301},[33,110675,110676],{},[293,110677,11494],{"href":11307},[2161,110679,110680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":110682},[110683,110684,110686,110687,110688,110689,110694,110702,110712],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":109684,"depth":82,"text":110685},"What set.remove() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":109935,"depth":82,"text":109936},{"id":110040,"depth":82,"text":110690,"children":110691},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110692,110693],{"id":35032,"depth":115,"text":55764},{"id":103145,"depth":115,"text":103078},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":110695},[110696,110698,110699,110701],{"id":110277,"depth":115,"text":110697},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110438,"depth":115,"text":110439},{"id":110575,"depth":115,"text":110700},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110596,"depth":115,"text":110597},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":110703},[110704,110706,110708,110710],{"id":110607,"depth":115,"text":110705},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110617,"depth":115,"text":110707},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110628,"depth":115,"text":110709},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110643,"depth":115,"text":110711},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109558,"description":110713},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110720,"title":110721,"body":110722,"description":112095,"extension":2201,"meta":112096,"navigation":217,"path":112097,"seo":112098,"stem":112099,"__hash__":112100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110723,"toc":112070},[110724,110730,110736,110739,110742,110756,110758,110839,110842,110847,110851,110865,110872,110874,110893,110896,110914,110916,110996,110998,111023,111027,111030,111038,111043,111048,111050,111063,111068,111071,111095,111098,111106,111108,111111,111208,111210,111243,111245,111271,111278,111281,111285,111293,111297,111305,111307,111397,111399,111413,111420,111425,111430,111432,111523,111525,111537,111539,111553,111559,111567,111569,111651,111653,111698,111701,111709,111712,111714,111718,111761,111763,111783,111788,111790,111875,111877,111882,111884,111891,111899,111905,111908,111910,111996,111998,112022,112026,112029,112031,112058,112068],[10,110725,96424,110727,18],{"id":110726},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110728,110729],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110731,110732,110735],{},[15,110733,110734],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110737,110738],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110740,110741],{},"Use it when:",[30,110743,110744,110747,110753],{},[33,110745,110746],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110748,110749,110750,110752],{},"you do ",[153,110751,175],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110754,110755],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[43,110757,3843],{"id":3842},[48,110759,110761],{"className":50,"code":110760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110762,110763,110783,110803,110807,110826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110764,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110766,2790],{"class":63},[57,110768,68],{"class":67},[57,110770,10725],{"class":93},[57,110772,3224],{"class":1023},[57,110774,107],{"class":93},[57,110776,1024],{"class":1023},[57,110778,107],{"class":93},[57,110780,2686],{"class":1023},[57,110782,9544],{"class":93},[57,110784,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110786,2818],{"class":63},[57,110788,68],{"class":67},[57,110790,10725],{"class":93},[57,110792,2299],{"class":1023},[57,110794,107],{"class":93},[57,110796,2692],{"class":1023},[57,110798,107],{"class":93},[57,110800,4838],{"class":1023},[57,110802,9544],{"class":93},[57,110804,110805],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110806,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,110808,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110820,110822,110824],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,110810,2463],{"class":63},[57,110812,68],{"class":67},[57,110814,57122],{"class":63},[57,110816,94],{"class":93},[57,110818,110819],{"class":97},"symmetric_difference",[57,110821,101],{"class":93},[57,110823,664],{"class":97},[57,110825,112],{"class":93},[57,110827,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,110829,119],{"class":118},[57,110831,101],{"class":93},[57,110833,2498],{"class":97},[57,110835,3896],{"class":93},[57,110837,110838],{"class":132},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110840,110841],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[43,110843,143,110845,146],{"id":110844},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110846,110729],{},[20,110848,110849,1016],{},[15,110850,110734],{},[30,110852,110853,110856,110859,110862],{},[33,110854,110855],{},"returns a new set",[33,110857,110858],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110860,110861],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110863,110864],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110866,96548,110867,3114,110869,94],{},[293,110868,96552],{"href":96551},[293,110870,110871],{"href":96555},"creating a set in Python",[43,110873,300],{"id":299},[48,110875,110877],{"className":50,"code":110876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110878,110879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110882,100809],{"class":63},[57,110884,94],{"class":93},[57,110886,110819],{"class":97},[57,110888,101],{"class":93},[57,110890,100818],{"class":97},[57,110892,112],{"class":93},[20,110894,110895],{},"Notes:",[30,110897,110898,110903,110908,110911],{},[33,110899,110900,110902],{},[15,110901,100809],{}," must be a set",[33,110904,110905,110907],{},[15,110906,100818],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110909,110910],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110912,110913],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110915,179],{},[48,110917,110919],{"className":50,"code":110918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110920,110921,110942,110963,110967,110986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110922,110923,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110924,110925],{"class":63},"set1 ",[57,110927,68],{"class":67},[57,110929,10725],{"class":93},[57,110931,3224],{"class":1023},[57,110933,107],{"class":93},[57,110935,1024],{"class":1023},[57,110937,107],{"class":93},[57,110939,2686],{"class":1023},[57,110941,9544],{"class":93},[57,110943,110944,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,110945,110946],{"class":63},"set2 ",[57,110948,68],{"class":67},[57,110950,10725],{"class":93},[57,110952,2299],{"class":1023},[57,110954,107],{"class":93},[57,110956,2692],{"class":1023},[57,110958,107],{"class":93},[57,110960,4838],{"class":1023},[57,110962,9544],{"class":93},[57,110964,110965],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,110966,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,110968,110969,110971,110973,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,110970,2463],{"class":63},[57,110972,68],{"class":67},[57,110974,110975],{"class":63}," set1",[57,110977,94],{"class":93},[57,110979,110819],{"class":97},[57,110981,101],{"class":93},[57,110983,100818],{"class":97},[57,110985,112],{"class":93},[57,110987,110988,110990,110992,110994],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,110989,119],{"class":118},[57,110991,101],{"class":93},[57,110993,2498],{"class":97},[57,110995,112],{"class":93},[20,110997,243],{},[48,110999,111001],{"className":50,"code":111000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111002,111003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111004,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111006,9514],{"class":93},[57,111008,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111010,107],{"class":93},[57,111012,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111014,107],{"class":93},[57,111016,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111018,107],{"class":93},[57,111020,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111022,9544],{"class":93},[43,111024,111026],{"id":111025},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111028,111029],{},"The result includes:",[30,111031,111032,111035],{},[33,111033,111034],{},"items only in the first set",[33,111036,111037],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111039,111040,111041,11316],{},"The result does ",[153,111042,175],{},[30,111044,111045],{},[33,111046,111047],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111049,5705],{},[30,111051,111052,111057],{},[33,111053,111054,111055],{},"first set: ",[15,111056,100506],{},[33,111058,111059,111060],{},"second set: ",[15,111061,111062],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111064,4283,111065,111067],{},[15,111066,2299],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111069,111070],{},"The output is:",[48,111072,111073],{"className":50,"code":111000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,111074,111075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111076,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111078,9514],{"class":93},[57,111080,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111082,107],{"class":93},[57,111084,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111086,107],{"class":93},[57,111088,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111090,107],{"class":93},[57,111092,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111094,9544],{"class":93},[20,111096,111097],{},"Also remember:",[30,111099,111100,111103],{},[33,111101,111102],{},"sets are unordered",[33,111104,111105],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[43,111107,11707],{"id":11706},[20,111109,111110],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[48,111112,111114],{"className":50,"code":111113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111115,111116,111148,111172,111176,111194,111198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111117,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111119,107249],{"class":63},[57,111121,68],{"class":67},[57,111123,10725],{"class":93},[57,111125,104],{"class":71},[57,111127,264],{"class":75},[57,111129,104],{"class":71},[57,111131,107],{"class":93},[57,111133,72],{"class":71},[57,111135,274],{"class":75},[57,111137,104],{"class":71},[57,111139,107],{"class":93},[57,111141,72],{"class":71},[57,111143,283],{"class":75},[57,111145,104],{"class":71},[57,111147,9544],{"class":93},[57,111149,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111151,107282],{"class":63},[57,111153,68],{"class":67},[57,111155,10725],{"class":93},[57,111157,104],{"class":71},[57,111159,283],{"class":75},[57,111161,104],{"class":71},[57,111163,107],{"class":93},[57,111165,72],{"class":71},[57,111167,22760],{"class":75},[57,111169,104],{"class":71},[57,111171,9544],{"class":93},[57,111173,111174],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111175,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111177,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111179,2463],{"class":63},[57,111181,68],{"class":67},[57,111183,107324],{"class":63},[57,111185,94],{"class":93},[57,111187,110819],{"class":97},[57,111189,101],{"class":93},[57,111191,107333],{"class":97},[57,111193,112],{"class":93},[57,111195,111196],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111197,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111199,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,111201,119],{"class":118},[57,111203,101],{"class":93},[57,111205,2498],{"class":97},[57,111207,112],{"class":93},[20,111209,243],{},[48,111211,111213],{"className":50,"code":111212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111214,111215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111216,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111218,9514],{"class":93},[57,111220,261],{"class":71},[57,111222,264],{"class":75},[57,111224,261],{"class":71},[57,111226,107],{"class":93},[57,111228,271],{"class":71},[57,111230,274],{"class":75},[57,111232,261],{"class":71},[57,111234,107],{"class":93},[57,111236,271],{"class":71},[57,111238,22760],{"class":75},[57,111240,261],{"class":71},[57,111242,9544],{"class":93},[20,111244,13640],{},[30,111246,111247,111252,111263],{},[33,111248,111249,111251],{},[15,111250,96717],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,111253,111254,2082,111256,111259,111260,111262],{},[15,111255,65623],{},[15,111257,111258],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111261,107386],{},", so they stay",[33,111264,111265,111267,111268,111270],{},[15,111266,110025],{}," is only in ",[15,111269,107333],{},", so it stays",[43,111272,111274,577,111276],{"id":111273},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111275,110729],{},[15,111277,100638],{},[20,111279,111280],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111282,111283,1016],{},[15,111284,100638],{},[30,111286,111287,111290],{},[33,111288,111289],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,111291,111292],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111294,111295,1016],{},[15,111296,110729],{},[30,111298,111299,111302],{},[33,111300,111301],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,111303,111304],{},"removes shared items",[20,111306,179],{},[48,111308,111310],{"className":50,"code":111309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111311,111312,111332,111352,111356,111377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111313,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111315,2790],{"class":63},[57,111317,68],{"class":67},[57,111319,10725],{"class":93},[57,111321,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111323,107],{"class":93},[57,111325,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111327,107],{"class":93},[57,111329,2686],{"class":1023},[57,111331,9544],{"class":93},[57,111333,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111335,2818],{"class":63},[57,111337,68],{"class":67},[57,111339,10725],{"class":93},[57,111341,2299],{"class":1023},[57,111343,107],{"class":93},[57,111345,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111347,107],{"class":93},[57,111349,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111351,9544],{"class":93},[57,111353,111354],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111355,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111359,119],{"class":118},[57,111361,101],{"class":93},[57,111363,293],{"class":97},[57,111365,94],{"class":93},[57,111367,3048],{"class":97},[57,111369,101],{"class":93},[57,111371,664],{"class":97},[57,111373,5594],{"class":93},[57,111375,111376],{"class":132},"            # {1, 2}\n",[57,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111380,119],{"class":118},[57,111382,101],{"class":93},[57,111384,293],{"class":97},[57,111386,94],{"class":93},[57,111388,110819],{"class":97},[57,111390,101],{"class":93},[57,111392,664],{"class":97},[57,111394,5594],{"class":93},[57,111396,110838],{"class":132},[20,111398,18929],{},[30,111400,111401,111408],{},[33,111402,111403,111407],{},[293,111404,111405],{"href":103064},[15,111406,100638],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,111409,111410,111412],{},[15,111411,110729],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[43,111414,111416,577,111418],{"id":111415},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111417,110729],{},[15,111419,103023],{},[20,111421,111422,111424],{},[15,111423,103023],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111426,111427,111429],{},[15,111428,110729],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111431,179],{},[48,111433,111435],{"className":50,"code":111434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111436,111437,111457,111477,111481,111503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111438,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111440,2790],{"class":63},[57,111442,68],{"class":67},[57,111444,10725],{"class":93},[57,111446,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111448,107],{"class":93},[57,111450,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111452,107],{"class":93},[57,111454,2686],{"class":1023},[57,111456,9544],{"class":93},[57,111458,111459,111461,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111460,2818],{"class":63},[57,111462,68],{"class":67},[57,111464,10725],{"class":93},[57,111466,2299],{"class":1023},[57,111468,107],{"class":93},[57,111470,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111472,107],{"class":93},[57,111474,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111476,9544],{"class":93},[57,111478,111479],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111480,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111482,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111484,119],{"class":118},[57,111486,101],{"class":93},[57,111488,293],{"class":97},[57,111490,94],{"class":93},[57,111492,111493],{"class":97},"union",[57,111495,101],{"class":93},[57,111497,664],{"class":97},[57,111499,5594],{"class":93},[57,111501,111502],{"class":132},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[57,111504,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111506,119],{"class":118},[57,111508,101],{"class":93},[57,111510,293],{"class":97},[57,111512,94],{"class":93},[57,111514,110819],{"class":97},[57,111516,101],{"class":93},[57,111518,664],{"class":97},[57,111520,5594],{"class":93},[57,111522,110838],{"class":132},[20,111524,27459],{},[30,111526,111527,111532],{},[33,111528,111529,111531],{},[15,111530,103023],{}," includes everything",[33,111533,111534,111536],{},[15,111535,110729],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111538,18929],{},[30,111540,111541,111548],{},[33,111542,111543,111547],{},[293,111544,111545],{"href":107954},[15,111546,103023],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111549,111550,111552],{},[15,111551,110729],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[43,111554,36853,111556,101822],{"id":111555},"using-the-operator",[15,111557,111558],{},"^",[20,111560,111561,111562,111564,111565,94],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111563,111558],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111566,110729],{},[20,111568,179],{},[48,111570,111572],{"className":50,"code":111571,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111573,111574,111594,111614,111618,111636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111575,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111577,110925],{"class":63},[57,111579,68],{"class":67},[57,111581,10725],{"class":93},[57,111583,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111585,107],{"class":93},[57,111587,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111589,107],{"class":93},[57,111591,2686],{"class":1023},[57,111593,9544],{"class":93},[57,111595,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111597,110946],{"class":63},[57,111599,68],{"class":67},[57,111601,10725],{"class":93},[57,111603,2299],{"class":1023},[57,111605,107],{"class":93},[57,111607,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111609,107],{"class":93},[57,111611,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111613,9544],{"class":93},[57,111615,111616],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111617,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111619,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111621,119],{"class":118},[57,111623,101],{"class":93},[57,111625,100809],{"class":97},[57,111627,94],{"class":93},[57,111629,110819],{"class":97},[57,111631,101],{"class":93},[57,111633,100818],{"class":97},[57,111635,640],{"class":93},[57,111637,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111649],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111639,119],{"class":118},[57,111641,101],{"class":93},[57,111643,110925],{"class":97},[57,111645,111558],{"class":67},[57,111647,111648],{"class":97}," set2",[57,111650,112],{"class":93},[20,111652,30268],{},[48,111654,111656],{"className":50,"code":111655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111657,111658,111678],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111659,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111661,9514],{"class":93},[57,111663,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111665,107],{"class":93},[57,111667,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111669,107],{"class":93},[57,111671,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111673,107],{"class":93},[57,111675,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111677,9544],{"class":93},[57,111679,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111681,9514],{"class":93},[57,111683,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111685,107],{"class":93},[57,111687,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111689,107],{"class":93},[57,111691,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111693,107],{"class":93},[57,111695,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111697,9544],{"class":93},[20,111699,111700],{},"Both forms:",[30,111702,111703,111706],{},[33,111704,111705],{},"return a new set",[33,111707,111708],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111710,111711],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[43,111713,4751],{"id":4750},[20,111715,21447,111716,1016],{},[15,111717,110729],{},[30,111719,111720,111728,111738,111753],{},[33,111721,111722,111725,111727],{},[153,111723,111724],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10081,111726],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111729,111730,111733,111735,111737],{},[153,111731,111732],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10081,111734],{},[15,111736,110729],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111739,111740,111745,111747,111749,111750,111752],{},[153,111741,111742,111743],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111744,100638],{},[10081,111746],{},[15,111748,100638],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111751,110729],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111754,111755,111758,111760],{},[153,111756,111757],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10081,111759],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111762,59095],{},[30,111764,111765,111774,111777,111780],{},[33,111766,50728,111767,44865,111769,111773],{},[15,111768,110729],{},[293,111770,111771],{"href":107954},[15,111772,103023],{}," is actually needed",[33,111775,111776],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111778,111779],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111781,111782],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111784,111785,111786,94],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[293,111787,99302],{"href":105567},[20,111789,62525],{},[48,111791,111793],{"className":50,"code":111792,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111794,111795,111805,111815,111833,111847,111861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111796,111797,111799,111801,111803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111798,119],{"class":118},[57,111800,101],{"class":93},[57,111802,100809],{"class":97},[57,111804,112],{"class":93},[57,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111808,119],{"class":118},[57,111810,101],{"class":93},[57,111812,100818],{"class":97},[57,111814,112],{"class":93},[57,111816,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111818,119],{"class":118},[57,111820,101],{"class":93},[57,111822,100809],{"class":97},[57,111824,94],{"class":93},[57,111826,110819],{"class":97},[57,111828,101],{"class":93},[57,111830,100818],{"class":97},[57,111832,640],{"class":93},[57,111834,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111836,119],{"class":118},[57,111838,101],{"class":93},[57,111840,110925],{"class":97},[57,111842,111558],{"class":67},[57,111844,111648],{"class":97},[57,111846,112],{"class":93},[57,111848,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111850,119],{"class":118},[57,111852,101],{"class":93},[57,111854,1257],{"class":1256},[57,111856,101],{"class":93},[57,111858,100809],{"class":97},[57,111860,640],{"class":93},[57,111862,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,111864,119],{"class":118},[57,111866,101],{"class":93},[57,111868,1257],{"class":1256},[57,111870,101],{"class":93},[57,111872,100818],{"class":97},[57,111874,640],{"class":93},[43,111876,2075],{"id":2074},[572,111878,2099,111880,102963],{"id":111879},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111881,110729],{},[20,111883,102966],{},[572,111885,2079,111887,2082,111889,2085],{"id":111886},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111888,110729],{},[15,111890,100638],{},[20,111892,111893,111895,111896,111898],{},[15,111894,100638],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111897,110729],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[572,111900,28567,111902,111904],{"id":111901},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111903,110729],{}," with lists?",[20,111906,111907],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111909,179],{},[48,111911,111913],{"className":50,"code":111912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111914,111915,111935,111955,111959,111986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111916,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111918,80882],{"class":63},[57,111920,68],{"class":67},[57,111922,1380],{"class":93},[57,111924,3224],{"class":1023},[57,111926,107],{"class":93},[57,111928,1024],{"class":1023},[57,111930,107],{"class":93},[57,111932,2686],{"class":1023},[57,111934,288],{"class":93},[57,111936,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,111938,80903],{"class":63},[57,111940,68],{"class":67},[57,111942,1380],{"class":93},[57,111944,2299],{"class":1023},[57,111946,107],{"class":93},[57,111948,2692],{"class":1023},[57,111950,107],{"class":93},[57,111952,4838],{"class":1023},[57,111954,288],{"class":93},[57,111956,111957],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,111958,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,111960,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,111962,2463],{"class":63},[57,111964,68],{"class":67},[57,111966,15866],{"class":1256},[57,111968,101],{"class":93},[57,111970,111971],{"class":97},"list1",[57,111973,8867],{"class":93},[57,111975,110819],{"class":97},[57,111977,101],{"class":93},[57,111979,6521],{"class":1256},[57,111981,101],{"class":93},[57,111983,81169],{"class":97},[57,111985,640],{"class":93},[57,111987,111988,111990,111992,111994],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,111989,119],{"class":118},[57,111991,101],{"class":93},[57,111993,2498],{"class":97},[57,111995,112],{"class":93},[20,111997,243],{},[48,111999,112000],{"className":50,"code":111000,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112001,112002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112003,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112005,9514],{"class":93},[57,112007,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112009,107],{"class":93},[57,112011,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112013,107],{"class":93},[57,112015,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112017,107],{"class":93},[57,112019,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112021,9544],{"class":93},[572,112023,112025],{"id":112024},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112027,112028],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[43,112030,2132],{"id":2131},[30,112032,112033,112037,112042,112048,112054],{},[33,112034,112035],{},[293,112036,96552],{"href":96551},[33,112038,112039],{},[293,112040,112041],{"href":96555},"Creating a set in Python",[33,112043,112044],{},[293,112045,97038,112046,742],{"href":103064},[15,112047,100638],{},[33,112049,112050],{},[293,112051,97038,112052,742],{"href":107954},[15,112053,103023],{},[33,112055,112056],{},[293,112057,100568],{"href":105567},[20,112059,112060,112061,754,112063,17306,112065,112067],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112062,100638],{},[15,112064,103023],{},[15,112066,110729],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2161,112069,57476],{},{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":112071},[112072,112073,112075,112076,112077,112078,112080,112082,112084,112085,112094],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":110844,"depth":82,"text":112074},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":111025,"depth":82,"text":111026},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":111273,"depth":82,"text":112079},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111415,"depth":82,"text":112081},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111555,"depth":82,"text":112083},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":112086},[112087,112089,112091,112093],{"id":111879,"depth":115,"text":112088},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111886,"depth":115,"text":112090},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111901,"depth":115,"text":112092},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112024,"depth":115,"text":112025},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110721,"description":112095},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112102,"title":112103,"body":112104,"description":114167,"extension":2201,"meta":114168,"navigation":217,"path":107954,"seo":114169,"stem":114170,"__hash__":114171},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112105,"toc":114126},[112106,112111,112116,112119,112132,112134,112216,112221,112226,112230,112242,112245,112249,112251,112278,112280,112291,112294,112363,112365,112371,112374,112384,112386,112475,112480,112482,112489,112492,112494,112497,112617,112619,112688,112691,112708,112713,112716,112832,112834,112863,112866,112872,112877,112881,112962,112964,112992,112997,113001,113096,113098,113139,113143,113146,113213,113215,113256,113262,113277,113284,113291,113295,113301,113387,113391,113399,113470,113475,113482,113484,113490,113492,113557,113559,113575,113580,113583,113652,113656,113659,113718,113721,113725,113778,113791,113794,113847,113851,113853,113884,113887,113892,113945,113949,113952,113973,113985,113987,114040,114042,114047,114049,114055,114058,114064,114069,114073,114076,114084,114093,114095,114123],[10,112107,3809,112109,18],{"id":112108},"python-setunion-method",[15,112110,108267],{},[20,112112,112113,112115],{},[15,112114,108267],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112117,112118],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,112120,112121,112124,112129],{},[33,112122,112123],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,112125,2790,112126,112128],{},[153,112127,100993],{}," as the result",[33,112130,112131],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[43,112133,46],{"id":45},[48,112135,112137],{"className":50,"code":112136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112138,112139,112159,112179,112183,112201,112211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112140,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112142,110925],{"class":63},[57,112144,68],{"class":67},[57,112146,10725],{"class":93},[57,112148,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112150,107],{"class":93},[57,112152,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112154,107],{"class":93},[57,112156,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112158,9544],{"class":93},[57,112160,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112162,110946],{"class":63},[57,112164,68],{"class":67},[57,112166,10725],{"class":93},[57,112168,2299],{"class":1023},[57,112170,107],{"class":93},[57,112172,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112174,107],{"class":93},[57,112176,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112178,9544],{"class":93},[57,112180,112181],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112182,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112184,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112186,2463],{"class":63},[57,112188,68],{"class":67},[57,112190,110975],{"class":63},[57,112192,94],{"class":93},[57,112194,111493],{"class":97},[57,112196,101],{"class":93},[57,112198,100818],{"class":97},[57,112200,112],{"class":93},[57,112202,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112204,119],{"class":118},[57,112206,101],{"class":93},[57,112208,2498],{"class":97},[57,112210,112],{"class":93},[57,112212,112213],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,112214,112215],{"class":132},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112217,112218,112220],{},[15,112219,103023],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[43,112222,143,112224,146],{"id":112223},"what-setunion-does",[15,112225,108267],{},[20,112227,112228,1016],{},[15,112229,108267],{},[30,112231,112232,112235,112238,112240],{},[33,112233,112234],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,112236,112237],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,112239,110855],{},[33,112241,110864],{},[20,112243,112244],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112246,96548,112247,94],{},[293,112248,96552],{"href":97723},[43,112250,300],{"id":299},[48,112252,112254],{"className":50,"code":112253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112255,112256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112257,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112259,100809],{"class":63},[57,112261,94],{"class":93},[57,112263,111493],{"class":97},[57,112265,101],{"class":93},[57,112267,100818],{"class":97},[57,112269,107],{"class":93},[57,112271,100845],{"class":97},[57,112273,107],{"class":93},[57,112275,34694],{"class":118},[57,112277,112],{"class":93},[20,112279,13284],{},[30,112281,112282,112285,112288],{},[33,112283,112284],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,112286,112287],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,112289,112290],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112292,112293],{},"Example with two sets:",[48,112295,112297],{"className":50,"code":112296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112298,112299,112315,112331,112335,112353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112300,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112302,2790],{"class":63},[57,112304,68],{"class":67},[57,112306,10725],{"class":93},[57,112308,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112310,107],{"class":93},[57,112312,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112314,9544],{"class":93},[57,112316,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112318,2818],{"class":63},[57,112320,68],{"class":67},[57,112322,10725],{"class":93},[57,112324,1931],{"class":1023},[57,112326,107],{"class":93},[57,112328,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112330,9544],{"class":93},[57,112332,112333],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112334,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112336,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112338,2463],{"class":63},[57,112340,68],{"class":67},[57,112342,57122],{"class":63},[57,112344,94],{"class":93},[57,112346,111493],{"class":97},[57,112348,101],{"class":93},[57,112350,664],{"class":97},[57,112352,112],{"class":93},[57,112354,112355,112357,112359,112361],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112356,119],{"class":118},[57,112358,101],{"class":93},[57,112360,2498],{"class":97},[57,112362,112],{"class":93},[43,112364,22206],{"id":22205},[20,112366,112367,100990,112369,94],{},[15,112368,108267],{},[153,112370,100993],{},[20,112372,112373],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,112375,112376,112379],{},[33,112377,112378],{},"the original set",[33,112380,112381,112382],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112383,103023],{},[20,112385,179],{},[48,112387,112389],{"className":50,"code":112388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112390,112391,112407,112423,112427,112445,112449,112462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112392,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112394,2790],{"class":63},[57,112396,68],{"class":67},[57,112398,10725],{"class":93},[57,112400,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112402,107],{"class":93},[57,112404,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112406,9544],{"class":93},[57,112408,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112410,2818],{"class":63},[57,112412,68],{"class":67},[57,112414,10725],{"class":93},[57,112416,1931],{"class":1023},[57,112418,107],{"class":93},[57,112420,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112422,9544],{"class":93},[57,112424,112425],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112426,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112430,2463],{"class":63},[57,112432,68],{"class":67},[57,112434,57122],{"class":63},[57,112436,94],{"class":93},[57,112438,111493],{"class":97},[57,112440,101],{"class":93},[57,112442,664],{"class":97},[57,112444,112],{"class":93},[57,112446,112447],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112448,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112450,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,112452,119],{"class":118},[57,112454,101],{"class":93},[57,112456,2498],{"class":97},[57,112458,3896],{"class":93},[57,112460,112461],{"class":132},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[57,112463,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,112465,119],{"class":118},[57,112467,101],{"class":93},[57,112469,293],{"class":97},[57,112471,3896],{"class":93},[57,112473,112474],{"class":132},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112476,2520,112477,112479],{},[15,112478,293],{}," did not change.",[20,112481,111097],{},[30,112483,112484,112486],{},[33,112485,111102],{},[33,112487,112488],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112490,112491],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[43,112493,11707],{"id":11706},[20,112495,112496],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[48,112498,112500],{"className":50,"code":112499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112501,112502,112535,112568,112572,112592,112596,112606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112503,112504,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112505,112506],{"class":63},"fruits1 ",[57,112508,68],{"class":67},[57,112510,10725],{"class":93},[57,112512,104],{"class":71},[57,112514,836],{"class":75},[57,112516,104],{"class":71},[57,112518,107],{"class":93},[57,112520,72],{"class":71},[57,112522,845],{"class":75},[57,112524,104],{"class":71},[57,112526,107],{"class":93},[57,112528,72],{"class":71},[57,112530,33461],{"class":75},[57,112532,104],{"class":71},[57,112534,9544],{"class":93},[57,112536,112537,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112538,112539],{"class":63},"fruits2 ",[57,112541,68],{"class":67},[57,112543,10725],{"class":93},[57,112545,104],{"class":71},[57,112547,845],{"class":75},[57,112549,104],{"class":71},[57,112551,107],{"class":93},[57,112553,72],{"class":71},[57,112555,22769],{"class":75},[57,112557,104],{"class":71},[57,112559,107],{"class":93},[57,112561,72],{"class":71},[57,112563,33461],{"class":75},[57,112565,104],{"class":71},[57,112567,9544],{"class":93},[57,112569,112570],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112571,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112573,112574,112576,112578,112581,112583,112585,112587,112590],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112575,2463],{"class":63},[57,112577,68],{"class":67},[57,112579,112580],{"class":63}," fruits1",[57,112582,94],{"class":93},[57,112584,111493],{"class":97},[57,112586,101],{"class":93},[57,112588,112589],{"class":97},"fruits2",[57,112591,112],{"class":93},[57,112593,112594],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112595,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112597,112598,112600,112602,112604],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,112599,119],{"class":118},[57,112601,101],{"class":93},[57,112603,2498],{"class":97},[57,112605,112],{"class":93},[57,112607,112608,112610,112612,112615],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,112609,119],{"class":118},[57,112611,101],{"class":93},[57,112613,112614],{"class":97},"fruits1",[57,112616,112],{"class":93},[20,112618,30268],{},[48,112620,112622],{"className":50,"code":112621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112623,112624,112660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112625,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112627,9514],{"class":93},[57,112629,261],{"class":71},[57,112631,845],{"class":75},[57,112633,261],{"class":71},[57,112635,107],{"class":93},[57,112637,271],{"class":71},[57,112639,33461],{"class":75},[57,112641,261],{"class":71},[57,112643,107],{"class":93},[57,112645,271],{"class":71},[57,112647,836],{"class":75},[57,112649,261],{"class":71},[57,112651,107],{"class":93},[57,112653,271],{"class":71},[57,112655,22769],{"class":75},[57,112657,261],{"class":71},[57,112659,9544],{"class":93},[57,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112663,9514],{"class":93},[57,112665,261],{"class":71},[57,112667,845],{"class":75},[57,112669,261],{"class":71},[57,112671,107],{"class":93},[57,112673,271],{"class":71},[57,112675,33461],{"class":75},[57,112677,261],{"class":71},[57,112679,107],{"class":93},[57,112681,271],{"class":71},[57,112683,836],{"class":75},[57,112685,261],{"class":71},[57,112687,9544],{"class":93},[20,112689,112690],{},"What this shows:",[30,112692,112693,112700,112703],{},[33,112694,112695,2082,112697,112699],{},[15,112696,65505],{},[15,112698,65932],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112701,112702],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112704,112705,112707],{},[15,112706,112614],{}," stays unchanged",[43,112709,425,112711,101382],{"id":112710},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112712,103023],{},[20,112714,112715],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[48,112717,112719],{"className":50,"code":112718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112720,112721,112737,112753,112770,112787,112791,112818,112822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112722,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112724,110925],{"class":63},[57,112726,68],{"class":67},[57,112728,10725],{"class":93},[57,112730,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112732,107],{"class":93},[57,112734,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112736,9544],{"class":93},[57,112738,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112740,110946],{"class":63},[57,112742,68],{"class":67},[57,112744,10725],{"class":93},[57,112746,1931],{"class":1023},[57,112748,107],{"class":93},[57,112750,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112752,9544],{"class":93},[57,112754,112755,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112756,112757],{"class":63},"set3 ",[57,112759,68],{"class":67},[57,112761,10725],{"class":93},[57,112763,2299],{"class":1023},[57,112765,107],{"class":93},[57,112767,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112769,9544],{"class":93},[57,112771,112772,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112773,112774],{"class":63},"set4 ",[57,112776,68],{"class":67},[57,112778,10725],{"class":93},[57,112780,2740],{"class":1023},[57,112782,107],{"class":93},[57,112784,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112786,9544],{"class":93},[57,112788,112789],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112790,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112792,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112816],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,112794,2463],{"class":63},[57,112796,68],{"class":67},[57,112798,110975],{"class":63},[57,112800,94],{"class":93},[57,112802,111493],{"class":97},[57,112804,101],{"class":93},[57,112806,100818],{"class":97},[57,112808,107],{"class":93},[57,112810,100845],{"class":97},[57,112812,107],{"class":93},[57,112814,112815],{"class":97}," set4",[57,112817,112],{"class":93},[57,112819,112820],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,112821,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112823,112824,112826,112828,112830],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,112825,119],{"class":118},[57,112827,101],{"class":93},[57,112829,2498],{"class":97},[57,112831,112],{"class":93},[20,112833,30268],{},[48,112835,112837],{"className":50,"code":112836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112838,112839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112840,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112842,9514],{"class":93},[57,112844,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112846,107],{"class":93},[57,112848,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112850,107],{"class":93},[57,112852,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112854,107],{"class":93},[57,112856,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112858,107],{"class":93},[57,112860,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112862,9544],{"class":93},[20,112864,112865],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[43,112867,425,112869,112871],{"id":112868},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112870,103023],{}," with other iterables",[20,112873,112874,112876],{},[15,112875,103023],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[572,112878,112880],{"id":112879},"with-a-list","With a list",[48,112882,112884],{"className":50,"code":112883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112885,112886,112906,112930,112934,112952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112889,3853],{"class":63},[57,112891,68],{"class":67},[57,112893,10725],{"class":93},[57,112895,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112897,107],{"class":93},[57,112899,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112901,107],{"class":93},[57,112903,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112905,9544],{"class":93},[57,112907,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,112909,61278],{"class":63},[57,112911,68],{"class":67},[57,112913,1380],{"class":93},[57,112915,2299],{"class":1023},[57,112917,107],{"class":93},[57,112919,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112921,107],{"class":93},[57,112923,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112925,107],{"class":93},[57,112927,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112929,288],{"class":93},[57,112931,112932],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,112933,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,112937,2463],{"class":63},[57,112939,68],{"class":67},[57,112941,4495],{"class":63},[57,112943,94],{"class":93},[57,112945,111493],{"class":97},[57,112947,101],{"class":93},[57,112949,61307],{"class":97},[57,112951,112],{"class":93},[57,112953,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,112955,119],{"class":118},[57,112957,101],{"class":93},[57,112959,2498],{"class":97},[57,112961,112],{"class":93},[20,112963,30268],{},[48,112965,112966],{"className":50,"code":112836,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112967,112968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112969,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112971,9514],{"class":93},[57,112973,3224],{"class":1023},[57,112975,107],{"class":93},[57,112977,1024],{"class":1023},[57,112979,107],{"class":93},[57,112981,2686],{"class":1023},[57,112983,107],{"class":93},[57,112985,2692],{"class":1023},[57,112987,107],{"class":93},[57,112989,4838],{"class":1023},[57,112991,9544],{"class":93},[20,112993,21213,112994,112996],{},[15,112995,2372],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[572,112998,113000],{"id":112999},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[48,113002,113004],{"className":50,"code":113003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113005,113006,113030,113063,113067,113086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113007,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113009,36330],{"class":63},[57,113011,68],{"class":67},[57,113013,10725],{"class":93},[57,113015,104],{"class":71},[57,113017,293],{"class":75},[57,113019,104],{"class":71},[57,113021,107],{"class":93},[57,113023,72],{"class":71},[57,113025,664],{"class":75},[57,113027,104],{"class":71},[57,113029,9544],{"class":93},[57,113031,113032,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113033,113034],{"class":63},"more_letters ",[57,113036,68],{"class":67},[57,113038,9472],{"class":93},[57,113040,104],{"class":71},[57,113042,664],{"class":75},[57,113044,104],{"class":71},[57,113046,107],{"class":93},[57,113048,72],{"class":71},[57,113050,673],{"class":75},[57,113052,104],{"class":71},[57,113054,107],{"class":93},[57,113056,72],{"class":71},[57,113058,19002],{"class":75},[57,113060,104],{"class":71},[57,113062,112],{"class":93},[57,113064,113065],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113066,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113084],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113070,2463],{"class":63},[57,113072,68],{"class":67},[57,113074,70324],{"class":63},[57,113076,94],{"class":93},[57,113078,111493],{"class":97},[57,113080,101],{"class":93},[57,113082,113083],{"class":97},"more_letters",[57,113085,112],{"class":93},[57,113087,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,113089,119],{"class":118},[57,113091,101],{"class":93},[57,113093,2498],{"class":97},[57,113095,112],{"class":93},[20,113097,30268],{},[48,113099,113101],{"className":50,"code":113100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113102,113103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113104,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113106,9514],{"class":93},[57,113108,261],{"class":71},[57,113110,293],{"class":75},[57,113112,261],{"class":71},[57,113114,107],{"class":93},[57,113116,271],{"class":71},[57,113118,664],{"class":75},[57,113120,261],{"class":71},[57,113122,107],{"class":93},[57,113124,271],{"class":71},[57,113126,673],{"class":75},[57,113128,261],{"class":71},[57,113130,107],{"class":93},[57,113132,271],{"class":71},[57,113134,19002],{"class":75},[57,113136,261],{"class":71},[57,113138,9544],{"class":93},[572,113140,113142],{"id":113141},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113144,113145],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[48,113147,113149],{"className":50,"code":113148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113150,113151,113176,113199,113203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113152,113153,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113154,113155],{"class":63},"chars ",[57,113157,68],{"class":67},[57,113159,10725],{"class":93},[57,113161,104],{"class":71},[57,113163,293],{"class":75},[57,113165,104],{"class":71},[57,113167,107],{"class":93},[57,113169,72],{"class":71},[57,113171,664],{"class":75},[57,113173,104],{"class":71},[57,113175,9544],{"class":93},[57,113177,113178,113180,113182,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113179,2463],{"class":63},[57,113181,68],{"class":67},[57,113183,113184],{"class":63}," chars",[57,113186,94],{"class":93},[57,113188,111493],{"class":97},[57,113190,101],{"class":93},[57,113192,104],{"class":71},[57,113194,1296],{"class":75},[57,113196,104],{"class":71},[57,113198,112],{"class":93},[57,113200,113201],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113202,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113206,119],{"class":118},[57,113208,101],{"class":93},[57,113210,2498],{"class":97},[57,113212,112],{"class":93},[20,113214,30268],{},[48,113216,113218],{"className":50,"code":113217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113219,113220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113221,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113223,9514],{"class":93},[57,113225,261],{"class":71},[57,113227,293],{"class":75},[57,113229,261],{"class":71},[57,113231,107],{"class":93},[57,113233,271],{"class":71},[57,113235,664],{"class":75},[57,113237,261],{"class":71},[57,113239,107],{"class":93},[57,113241,271],{"class":71},[57,113243,673],{"class":75},[57,113245,261],{"class":71},[57,113247,107],{"class":93},[57,113249,271],{"class":71},[57,113251,63517],{"class":75},[57,113253,261],{"class":71},[57,113255,9544],{"class":93},[20,113257,22425,113258,113261],{},[15,113259,113260],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,113263,113264,113268,113272],{},[33,113265,113266],{},[15,113267,66712],{},[33,113269,113270],{},[15,113271,18330],{},[33,113273,113274],{},[15,113275,113276],{},"\"t\"",[43,113278,113280,577,113282],{"id":113279},"union-vs-update",[15,113281,103023],{},[15,113283,15186],{},[20,113285,113286,2082,113288,113290],{},[15,113287,103023],{},[15,113289,15186],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[572,113292,113293],{"id":111493},[15,113294,103023],{},[30,113296,113297,113299],{},[33,113298,110855],{},[33,113300,110864],{},[48,113302,113303],{"className":50,"code":112388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,113304,113305,113321,113337,113341,113359,113363,113375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113308,2790],{"class":63},[57,113310,68],{"class":67},[57,113312,10725],{"class":93},[57,113314,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113316,107],{"class":93},[57,113318,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113320,9544],{"class":93},[57,113322,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113324,2818],{"class":63},[57,113326,68],{"class":67},[57,113328,10725],{"class":93},[57,113330,1931],{"class":1023},[57,113332,107],{"class":93},[57,113334,2686],{"class":1023},[57,113336,9544],{"class":93},[57,113338,113339],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113340,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113342,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113344,2463],{"class":63},[57,113346,68],{"class":67},[57,113348,57122],{"class":63},[57,113350,94],{"class":93},[57,113352,111493],{"class":97},[57,113354,101],{"class":93},[57,113356,664],{"class":97},[57,113358,112],{"class":93},[57,113360,113361],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,113362,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113364,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,113366,119],{"class":118},[57,113368,101],{"class":93},[57,113370,2498],{"class":97},[57,113372,3896],{"class":93},[57,113374,112461],{"class":132},[57,113376,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,113378,119],{"class":118},[57,113380,101],{"class":93},[57,113382,293],{"class":97},[57,113384,3896],{"class":93},[57,113386,112474],{"class":132},[572,113388,113389],{"id":30703},[15,113390,15186],{},[30,113392,113393,113396],{},[33,113394,113395],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,113397,113398],{},"does not create a separate result set",[48,113400,113402],{"className":50,"code":113401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113403,113404,113420,113436,113440,113454,113458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113405,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113407,2790],{"class":63},[57,113409,68],{"class":67},[57,113411,10725],{"class":93},[57,113413,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113415,107],{"class":93},[57,113417,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113419,9544],{"class":93},[57,113421,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113423,2818],{"class":63},[57,113425,68],{"class":67},[57,113427,10725],{"class":93},[57,113429,1931],{"class":1023},[57,113431,107],{"class":93},[57,113433,2686],{"class":1023},[57,113435,9544],{"class":93},[57,113437,113438],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113439,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113443,293],{"class":63},[57,113445,94],{"class":93},[57,113447,30703],{"class":97},[57,113449,101],{"class":93},[57,113451,664],{"class":97},[57,113453,112],{"class":93},[57,113455,113456],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,113457,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113459,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,113461,119],{"class":118},[57,113463,101],{"class":93},[57,113465,293],{"class":97},[57,113467,3896],{"class":93},[57,113469,112461],{"class":132},[20,113471,136,113472,113474],{},[15,113473,103023],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113476,113477,113478,94],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[293,113479,3809,113480,742],{"href":98743},[15,113481,97538],{},[43,113483,4751],{"id":4750},[572,113485,8688,113487,113489],{"id":113486},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113488,103023],{}," to change the original set",[20,113491,82051],{},[48,113493,113495],{"className":50,"code":113494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113496,113497,113513,113529,113533,113547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113498,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113500,2790],{"class":63},[57,113502,68],{"class":67},[57,113504,10725],{"class":93},[57,113506,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113508,107],{"class":93},[57,113510,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113512,9544],{"class":93},[57,113514,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113516,2818],{"class":63},[57,113518,68],{"class":67},[57,113520,10725],{"class":93},[57,113522,1931],{"class":1023},[57,113524,107],{"class":93},[57,113526,2686],{"class":1023},[57,113528,9544],{"class":93},[57,113530,113531],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113532,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113534,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113536,293],{"class":63},[57,113538,94],{"class":93},[57,113540,111493],{"class":97},[57,113542,101],{"class":93},[57,113544,664],{"class":97},[57,113546,112],{"class":93},[57,113548,113549,113551,113553,113555],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,113550,119],{"class":118},[57,113552,101],{"class":93},[57,113554,293],{"class":97},[57,113556,112],{"class":93},[20,113558,243],{},[48,113560,113561],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,113562,113563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113564,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113566,9514],{"class":93},[57,113568,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113570,107],{"class":93},[57,113572,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113574,9544],{"class":93},[20,113576,8731,113577,113579],{},[15,113578,103023],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113581,113582],{},"Fix it like this:",[48,113584,113586],{"className":50,"code":113585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113587,113588,113604,113620,113624,113642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113589,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113591,2790],{"class":63},[57,113593,68],{"class":67},[57,113595,10725],{"class":93},[57,113597,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113599,107],{"class":93},[57,113601,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113603,9544],{"class":93},[57,113605,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113607,2818],{"class":63},[57,113609,68],{"class":67},[57,113611,10725],{"class":93},[57,113613,1931],{"class":1023},[57,113615,107],{"class":93},[57,113617,2686],{"class":1023},[57,113619,9544],{"class":93},[57,113621,113622],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113623,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113625,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113627,2790],{"class":63},[57,113629,68],{"class":67},[57,113631,57122],{"class":63},[57,113633,94],{"class":93},[57,113635,111493],{"class":97},[57,113637,101],{"class":93},[57,113639,664],{"class":97},[57,113641,112],{"class":93},[57,113643,113644,113646,113648,113650],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,113645,119],{"class":118},[57,113647,101],{"class":93},[57,113649,293],{"class":97},[57,113651,112],{"class":93},[572,113653,113655],{"id":113654},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113657,113658],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[48,113660,113662],{"className":50,"code":113661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113663,113664,113680,113696,113700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113665,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113667,2790],{"class":63},[57,113669,68],{"class":67},[57,113671,10725],{"class":93},[57,113673,2299],{"class":1023},[57,113675,107],{"class":93},[57,113677,1143],{"class":1023},[57,113679,9544],{"class":93},[57,113681,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113683,2818],{"class":63},[57,113685,68],{"class":67},[57,113687,10725],{"class":93},[57,113689,1931],{"class":1023},[57,113691,107],{"class":93},[57,113693,2692],{"class":1023},[57,113695,9544],{"class":93},[57,113697,113698],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113699,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,113701,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,113703,119],{"class":118},[57,113705,101],{"class":93},[57,113707,293],{"class":97},[57,113709,94],{"class":93},[57,113711,111493],{"class":97},[57,113713,101],{"class":93},[57,113715,664],{"class":97},[57,113717,640],{"class":93},[20,113719,113720],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[572,113722,113724],{"id":113723},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[48,113726,113728],{"className":50,"code":113727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113729,113730,113746,113768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113731,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113733,4304],{"class":63},[57,113735,68],{"class":67},[57,113737,10725],{"class":93},[57,113739,104],{"class":71},[57,113741,1305],{"class":75},[57,113743,104],{"class":71},[57,113745,9544],{"class":93},[57,113747,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113749,2463],{"class":63},[57,113751,68],{"class":67},[57,113753,6402],{"class":63},[57,113755,94],{"class":93},[57,113757,111493],{"class":97},[57,113759,101],{"class":93},[57,113761,104],{"class":71},[57,113763,1296],{"class":75},[57,113765,104],{"class":71},[57,113767,112],{"class":93},[57,113769,113770,113772,113774,113776],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113771,119],{"class":118},[57,113773,101],{"class":93},[57,113775,2498],{"class":97},[57,113777,112],{"class":93},[20,113779,113780,113781,754,113783,17306,113785,113787,113788,113790],{},"This adds ",[15,113782,66712],{},[15,113784,18330],{},[15,113786,113276],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113789,113260],{}," as one item.",[20,113792,113793],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[48,113795,113797],{"className":50,"code":113796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113798,113799,113815,113837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113800,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113802,4304],{"class":63},[57,113804,68],{"class":67},[57,113806,10725],{"class":93},[57,113808,104],{"class":71},[57,113810,1305],{"class":75},[57,113812,104],{"class":71},[57,113814,9544],{"class":93},[57,113816,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113818,2463],{"class":63},[57,113820,68],{"class":67},[57,113822,6402],{"class":63},[57,113824,94],{"class":93},[57,113826,111493],{"class":97},[57,113828,3221],{"class":93},[57,113830,104],{"class":71},[57,113832,1296],{"class":75},[57,113834,104],{"class":71},[57,113836,1280],{"class":93},[57,113838,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113840,119],{"class":118},[57,113842,101],{"class":93},[57,113844,2498],{"class":97},[57,113846,112],{"class":93},[572,113848,113850],{"id":113849},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113852,3072],{},[48,113854,113856],{"className":50,"code":113855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113857,113858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113861,15861],{"class":63},[57,113863,68],{"class":67},[57,113865,10725],{"class":93},[57,113867,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113869,107],{"class":93},[57,113871,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113873,107],{"class":93},[57,113875,1380],{"class":93},[57,113877,2299],{"class":1023},[57,113879,107],{"class":93},[57,113881,2692],{"class":1023},[57,113883,13937],{"class":93},[20,113885,113886],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113888,113889,113890,1016],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113891,103023],{},[48,113893,113895],{"className":50,"code":113894,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113896,113897,113913,113935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113898,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113900,15861],{"class":63},[57,113902,68],{"class":67},[57,113904,10725],{"class":93},[57,113906,3224],{"class":1023},[57,113908,107],{"class":93},[57,113910,1024],{"class":1023},[57,113912,9544],{"class":93},[57,113914,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,113916,2463],{"class":63},[57,113918,68],{"class":67},[57,113920,97148],{"class":63},[57,113922,94],{"class":93},[57,113924,111493],{"class":97},[57,113926,3221],{"class":93},[57,113928,2299],{"class":1023},[57,113930,107],{"class":93},[57,113932,2692],{"class":1023},[57,113934,1280],{"class":93},[57,113936,113937,113939,113941,113943],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,113938,119],{"class":118},[57,113940,101],{"class":93},[57,113942,2498],{"class":97},[57,113944,112],{"class":93},[43,113946,113948],{"id":113947},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113950,113951],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113953,113954,113960,113967,113970],{},[33,113955,113956,113957,113959],{},"call ",[15,113958,103023],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113961,113962,113963,8940,113965],{},"confuse ",[15,113964,103023],{},[15,113966,15186],{},[33,113968,113969],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113971,113972],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113974,113975,113976,2082,113980,94],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[293,113977,3809,113978,742],{"href":103012},[15,113979,106797],{},[293,113981,3809,113983,742],{"href":113982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113984,100643],{},[20,113986,62525],{},[48,113988,113990],{"className":50,"code":113989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113991,113992,114002,114016,114026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113993,113994,113996,113998,114000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113995,119],{"class":118},[57,113997,101],{"class":93},[57,113999,15899],{"class":97},[57,114001,112],{"class":93},[57,114003,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114005,119],{"class":118},[57,114007,101],{"class":93},[57,114009,1257],{"class":1256},[57,114011,101],{"class":93},[57,114013,15899],{"class":97},[57,114015,640],{"class":93},[57,114017,114018,114020,114022,114024],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114019,119],{"class":118},[57,114021,101],{"class":93},[57,114023,2498],{"class":97},[57,114025,112],{"class":93},[57,114027,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114029,32392],{"class":118},[57,114031,101],{"class":93},[57,114033,6521],{"class":1256},[57,114035,94],{"class":93},[57,114037,111493],{"class":24987},[57,114039,112],{"class":93},[43,114041,2075],{"id":2074},[572,114043,2099,114045,102963],{"id":114044},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114046,108267],{},[20,114048,102966],{},[572,114050,5402,114052,114054],{"id":114051},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114053,103023],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114056,114057],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[572,114059,28567,114061,114063],{"id":114060},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114062,103023],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114065,42392,114066,114068],{},[15,114067,103023],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[572,114070,114072],{"id":114071},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114074,114075],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[572,114077,2079,114079,2082,114081,2085],{"id":114078},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114080,103023],{},[15,114082,114083],{},"|",[20,114085,114086,114087,114089,114090,114092],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114088,114083],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114091,103023],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[43,114094,2132],{"id":2131},[30,114096,114097,114101,114107,114113,114119],{},[33,114098,114099],{},[293,114100,96552],{"href":97723},[33,114102,114103],{},[293,114104,3809,114105,742],{"href":98743},[15,114106,97538],{},[33,114108,114109],{},[293,114110,3809,114111,742],{"href":103012},[15,114112,106797],{},[33,114114,114115],{},[293,114116,3809,114117,742],{"href":113982},[15,114118,100643],{},[33,114120,114121],{},[293,114122,100568],{"href":99301},[2161,114124,114125],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":114127},[114128,114129,114131,114132,114133,114134,114136,114142,114147,114154,114155,114166],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":112223,"depth":82,"text":114130},"What set.union() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":22205,"depth":82,"text":22206},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":112710,"depth":82,"text":114135},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112868,"depth":82,"text":114137,"children":114138},"Using union() with other iterables",[114139,114140,114141],{"id":112879,"depth":115,"text":112880},{"id":112999,"depth":115,"text":113000},{"id":113141,"depth":115,"text":113142},{"id":113279,"depth":82,"text":114143,"children":114144},"union() vs update()",[114145,114146],{"id":111493,"depth":115,"text":103023},{"id":30703,"depth":115,"text":15186},{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":114148},[114149,114151,114152,114153],{"id":113486,"depth":115,"text":114150},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113654,"depth":115,"text":113655},{"id":113723,"depth":115,"text":113724},{"id":113849,"depth":115,"text":113850},{"id":113947,"depth":82,"text":113948},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":114156},[114157,114159,114161,114163,114164],{"id":114044,"depth":115,"text":114158},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114051,"depth":115,"text":114160},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114060,"depth":115,"text":114162},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114071,"depth":115,"text":114072},{"id":114078,"depth":115,"text":114165},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112103,"description":114167},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114173,"title":114174,"body":114175,"description":116064,"extension":2201,"meta":116065,"navigation":217,"path":97037,"seo":116066,"stem":116067,"__hash__":116068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114176,"toc":116030},[114177,114182,114187,114195,114197,114255,114260,114265,114269,114281,114284,114358,114363,114365,114367,114386,114388,114405,114408,114435,114437,114507,114511,114513,114519,114521,114582,114587,114589,114646,114650,114655,114720,114722,114742,114749,114753,114758,114843,114846,114853,114956,114960,114965,115023,115026,115037,115051,115058,115116,115123,115126,115136,115140,115198,115202,115268,115271,115329,115336,115343,115346,115350,115359,115428,115432,115438,115526,115536,115540,115544,115548,115551,115612,115617,115674,115678,115680,115715,115722,115724,115778,115785,115789,115792,115857,115866,115872,115929,115931,115936,115940,115944,115947,115954,115962,115966,115971,115975,115981,115983,116018,116027],[10,114178,96424,114180,18],{"id":114179},"python-set-update-method",[15,114181,15186],{},[20,114183,114184,114186],{},[15,114185,97538],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114188,114189,114190,114194],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[293,114191,114192],{"href":98724},[15,114193,96432],{},", which adds only one item.",[43,114196,3843],{"id":3842},[48,114198,114200],{"className":50,"code":114199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114201,114202,114218,114240,114250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114203,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114205,3853],{"class":63},[57,114207,68],{"class":67},[57,114209,10725],{"class":93},[57,114211,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114213,107],{"class":93},[57,114215,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114217,9544],{"class":93},[57,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114221,3883],{"class":63},[57,114223,94],{"class":93},[57,114225,30703],{"class":97},[57,114227,3221],{"class":93},[57,114229,1931],{"class":1023},[57,114231,107],{"class":93},[57,114233,2686],{"class":1023},[57,114235,107],{"class":93},[57,114237,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114239,1280],{"class":93},[57,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114243,119],{"class":118},[57,114245,101],{"class":93},[57,114247,3883],{"class":97},[57,114249,112],{"class":93},[57,114251,114252],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114253,114254],{"class":132},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114256,136,114257,114259],{},[15,114258,15186],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[43,114261,143,114263,146],{"id":114262},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114264,97538],{},[20,114266,114267,1016],{},[15,114268,97538],{},[30,114270,114271,114274,114276,114279],{},[33,114272,114273],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,114275,96539],{},[33,114277,114278],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,114280,96542],{},[20,114282,114283],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[48,114285,114287],{"className":50,"code":114286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114288,114289,114313,114339,114343,114353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114292,13308],{"class":63},[57,114294,68],{"class":67},[57,114296,10725],{"class":93},[57,114298,104],{"class":71},[57,114300,264],{"class":75},[57,114302,104],{"class":71},[57,114304,107],{"class":93},[57,114306,72],{"class":71},[57,114308,274],{"class":75},[57,114310,104],{"class":71},[57,114312,9544],{"class":93},[57,114314,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329,114331,114333,114335,114337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114316,17736],{"class":63},[57,114318,94],{"class":93},[57,114320,30703],{"class":97},[57,114322,3221],{"class":93},[57,114324,104],{"class":71},[57,114326,274],{"class":75},[57,114328,104],{"class":71},[57,114330,107],{"class":93},[57,114332,72],{"class":71},[57,114334,283],{"class":75},[57,114336,104],{"class":71},[57,114338,1280],{"class":93},[57,114340,114341],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114342,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114344,114345,114347,114349,114351],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114346,119],{"class":118},[57,114348,101],{"class":93},[57,114350,17736],{"class":97},[57,114352,112],{"class":93},[57,114354,114355],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114356,114357],{"class":132},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114359,21213,114360,114362],{},[15,114361,111258],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[43,114364,300],{"id":299},[20,114366,7453],{},[48,114368,114370],{"className":50,"code":114369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114371,114372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114373,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114375,15899],{"class":63},[57,114377,94],{"class":93},[57,114379,30703],{"class":97},[57,114381,101],{"class":93},[57,114383,3955],{"class":97},[57,114385,112],{"class":93},[20,114387,80427],{},[30,114389,114390,114393,114396,114399,114402],{},[33,114391,114392],{},"A list",[33,114394,114395],{},"A tuple",[33,114397,114398],{},"Another set",[33,114400,114401],{},"A string",[33,114403,114404],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114406,114407],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[48,114409,114411],{"className":50,"code":114410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114412,114413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114414,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114416,15899],{"class":63},[57,114418,94],{"class":93},[57,114420,30703],{"class":97},[57,114422,101],{"class":93},[57,114424,293],{"class":97},[57,114426,107],{"class":93},[57,114428,2795],{"class":97},[57,114430,107],{"class":93},[57,114432,9917],{"class":97},[57,114434,112],{"class":93},[20,114436,179],{},[48,114438,114440],{"className":50,"code":114439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114441,114442,114454,114488,114492,114502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114443,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114445,4057],{"class":63},[57,114447,68],{"class":67},[57,114449,10725],{"class":93},[57,114451,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114453,9544],{"class":93},[57,114455,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114457,5591],{"class":63},[57,114459,94],{"class":93},[57,114461,30703],{"class":97},[57,114463,3221],{"class":93},[57,114465,1931],{"class":1023},[57,114467,107],{"class":93},[57,114469,2686],{"class":1023},[57,114471,18296],{"class":93},[57,114473,9472],{"class":93},[57,114475,2740],{"class":1023},[57,114477,107],{"class":93},[57,114479,4838],{"class":1023},[57,114481,9469],{"class":93},[57,114483,10725],{"class":93},[57,114485,80818],{"class":1023},[57,114487,30735],{"class":93},[57,114489,114490],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114491,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114493,114494,114496,114498,114500],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114495,119],{"class":118},[57,114497,101],{"class":93},[57,114499,5591],{"class":97},[57,114501,112],{"class":93},[57,114503,114504],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114505,114506],{"class":132},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114508,96548,114509,94],{},[293,114510,96556],{"href":98107},[43,114512,22206],{"id":22205},[20,114514,114515,2631,114517,94],{},[15,114516,97538],{},[15,114518,4012],{},[20,114520,11946],{},[48,114522,114524],{"className":50,"code":114523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114525,114526,114542,114564,114568,114578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114527,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114529,3853],{"class":63},[57,114531,68],{"class":67},[57,114533,10725],{"class":93},[57,114535,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114537,107],{"class":93},[57,114539,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114541,9544],{"class":93},[57,114543,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114545,2463],{"class":63},[57,114547,68],{"class":67},[57,114549,4495],{"class":63},[57,114551,94],{"class":93},[57,114553,30703],{"class":97},[57,114555,3221],{"class":93},[57,114557,2299],{"class":1023},[57,114559,107],{"class":93},[57,114561,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114563,1280],{"class":93},[57,114565,114566],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114567,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114571,119],{"class":118},[57,114573,101],{"class":93},[57,114575,2498],{"class":97},[57,114577,112],{"class":93},[57,114579,114580],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114581,62061],{"class":132},[20,114583,114584,114585,94],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114586,2498],{},[20,114588,19203],{},[48,114590,114592],{"className":50,"code":114591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114593,114594,114610,114628,114632,114642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114595,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114597,3853],{"class":63},[57,114599,68],{"class":67},[57,114601,10725],{"class":93},[57,114603,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114605,107],{"class":93},[57,114607,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114609,9544],{"class":93},[57,114611,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114613,3883],{"class":63},[57,114615,94],{"class":93},[57,114617,30703],{"class":97},[57,114619,3221],{"class":93},[57,114621,2299],{"class":1023},[57,114623,107],{"class":93},[57,114625,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114627,1280],{"class":93},[57,114629,114630],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114631,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114633,114634,114636,114638,114640],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114635,119],{"class":118},[57,114637,101],{"class":93},[57,114639,3883],{"class":97},[57,114641,112],{"class":93},[57,114643,114644],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114645,114254],{"class":132},[43,114647,114649],{"id":114648},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114651,114652,114653,94],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114654,15186],{},[48,114656,114658],{"className":50,"code":114657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114659,114660,114676,114702,114706,114716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114661,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114663,3853],{"class":63},[57,114665,68],{"class":67},[57,114667,10725],{"class":93},[57,114669,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114671,107],{"class":93},[57,114673,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114675,9544],{"class":93},[57,114677,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114679,3883],{"class":63},[57,114681,94],{"class":93},[57,114683,30703],{"class":97},[57,114685,3221],{"class":93},[57,114687,1931],{"class":1023},[57,114689,107],{"class":93},[57,114691,2686],{"class":1023},[57,114693,107],{"class":93},[57,114695,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114697,107],{"class":93},[57,114699,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114701,1280],{"class":93},[57,114703,114704],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114705,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114709,119],{"class":118},[57,114711,101],{"class":93},[57,114713,3883],{"class":97},[57,114715,112],{"class":93},[57,114717,114718],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114719,114254],{"class":132},[20,114721,11916],{},[30,114723,114724,114729,114736],{},[33,114725,114726,114728],{},[15,114727,1931],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114730,114731,2082,114733,114735],{},[15,114732,2299],{},[15,114734,2740],{}," are added",[33,114737,114738,114739,114741],{},"The second ",[15,114740,2740],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114743,114744,114745,114748],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[293,114746,114747],{"href":99301},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[43,114750,114752],{"id":114751},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114754,7997,114755,114757],{},[15,114756,15186],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[48,114759,114761],{"className":50,"code":114760,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114762,114763,114784,114805,114809,114825,114829,114839],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114764,114765,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114766,114767],{"class":63},"set_a ",[57,114769,68],{"class":67},[57,114771,10725],{"class":93},[57,114773,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114775,107],{"class":93},[57,114777,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114779,107],{"class":93},[57,114781,2686],{"class":1023},[57,114783,9544],{"class":93},[57,114785,114786,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114787,114788],{"class":63},"set_b ",[57,114790,68],{"class":67},[57,114792,10725],{"class":93},[57,114794,2299],{"class":1023},[57,114796,107],{"class":93},[57,114798,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114800,107],{"class":93},[57,114802,4838],{"class":1023},[57,114804,9544],{"class":93},[57,114806,114807],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114808,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114810,114811,114814,114816,114818,114820,114823],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114812,114813],{"class":63},"set_a",[57,114815,94],{"class":93},[57,114817,30703],{"class":97},[57,114819,101],{"class":93},[57,114821,114822],{"class":97},"set_b",[57,114824,112],{"class":93},[57,114826,114827],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114828,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114830,114831,114833,114835,114837],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,114832,119],{"class":118},[57,114834,101],{"class":93},[57,114836,114813],{"class":97},[57,114838,112],{"class":93},[57,114840,114841],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,114842,112215],{"class":132},[20,114844,114845],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114847,114848,114849,94],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[293,114850,114851],{"href":103020},[15,114852,108267],{},[48,114854,114856],{"className":50,"code":114855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114857,114858,114878,114898,114902,114922,114926,114937,114941,114951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114859,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114861,114767],{"class":63},[57,114863,68],{"class":67},[57,114865,10725],{"class":93},[57,114867,3224],{"class":1023},[57,114869,107],{"class":93},[57,114871,1024],{"class":1023},[57,114873,107],{"class":93},[57,114875,2686],{"class":1023},[57,114877,9544],{"class":93},[57,114879,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114881,114788],{"class":63},[57,114883,68],{"class":67},[57,114885,10725],{"class":93},[57,114887,2299],{"class":1023},[57,114889,107],{"class":93},[57,114891,2692],{"class":1023},[57,114893,107],{"class":93},[57,114895,4838],{"class":1023},[57,114897,9544],{"class":93},[57,114899,114900],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,114901,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114903,114904,114907,114909,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,114905,114906],{"class":63},"combined ",[57,114908,68],{"class":67},[57,114910,114911],{"class":63}," set_a",[57,114913,94],{"class":93},[57,114915,111493],{"class":97},[57,114917,101],{"class":93},[57,114919,114822],{"class":97},[57,114921,112],{"class":93},[57,114923,114924],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,114925,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,114927,114928,114930,114932,114935],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,114929,119],{"class":118},[57,114931,101],{"class":93},[57,114933,114934],{"class":97},"combined",[57,114936,112],{"class":93},[57,114938,114939],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,114940,112215],{"class":132},[57,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,114944,119],{"class":118},[57,114946,101],{"class":93},[57,114948,114813],{"class":97},[57,114950,112],{"class":93},[57,114952,114953],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,114954,114955],{"class":132},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[43,114957,114959],{"id":114958},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114961,64970,114962,114964],{},[15,114963,15186],{}," adds each character separately.",[48,114966,114968],{"className":50,"code":114967,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114969,114970,114986,115004,115008,115018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114971,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114973,36330],{"class":63},[57,114975,68],{"class":67},[57,114977,10725],{"class":93},[57,114979,104],{"class":71},[57,114981,2409],{"class":75},[57,114983,104],{"class":71},[57,114985,9544],{"class":93},[57,114987,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,114989,36383],{"class":63},[57,114991,94],{"class":93},[57,114993,30703],{"class":97},[57,114995,101],{"class":93},[57,114997,104],{"class":71},[57,114999,1296],{"class":75},[57,115001,104],{"class":71},[57,115003,112],{"class":93},[57,115005,115006],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115007,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115009,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115011,119],{"class":118},[57,115013,101],{"class":93},[57,115015,36383],{"class":97},[57,115017,112],{"class":93},[57,115019,115020],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115021,115022],{"class":132},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115024,115025],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115027,115028,14285,115031,115033,115034,115036],{},[15,115029,115030],{},"update(\"cat\")",[153,115032,175],{}," add ",[15,115035,113260],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,115038,115039,115043,115047],{},[33,115040,115041],{},[15,115042,66712],{},[33,115044,115045],{},[15,115046,18330],{},[33,115048,115049],{},[15,115050,113276],{},[20,115052,115053,115054,1016],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[293,115055,115056],{"href":98724},[15,115057,96432],{},[48,115059,115061],{"className":50,"code":115060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115062,115063,115079,115097,115101,115111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115064,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115066,4304],{"class":63},[57,115068,68],{"class":67},[57,115070,10725],{"class":93},[57,115072,104],{"class":71},[57,115074,1305],{"class":75},[57,115076,104],{"class":71},[57,115078,9544],{"class":93},[57,115080,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115082,4345],{"class":63},[57,115084,94],{"class":93},[57,115086,82330],{"class":97},[57,115088,101],{"class":93},[57,115090,104],{"class":71},[57,115092,1296],{"class":75},[57,115094,104],{"class":71},[57,115096,112],{"class":93},[57,115098,115099],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115100,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115102,115103,115105,115107,115109],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115104,119],{"class":118},[57,115106,101],{"class":93},[57,115108,4345],{"class":97},[57,115110,112],{"class":93},[57,115112,115113],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115114,115115],{"class":132},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[43,115117,115119,577,115121],{"id":115118},"update-vs-add",[15,115120,15186],{},[15,115122,96427],{},[20,115124,115125],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,115127,115128,115132],{},[33,115129,115130,97026],{},[15,115131,96427],{},[33,115133,115134,97031],{},[15,115135,15186],{},[20,115137,46276,115138,1016],{},[15,115139,96427],{},[48,115141,115143],{"className":50,"code":115142,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115144,115145,115161,115179,115183,115193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115146,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115148,36479],{"class":63},[57,115150,68],{"class":67},[57,115152,10725],{"class":93},[57,115154,104],{"class":71},[57,115156,836],{"class":75},[57,115158,104],{"class":71},[57,115160,9544],{"class":93},[57,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115164,36531],{"class":63},[57,115166,94],{"class":93},[57,115168,82330],{"class":97},[57,115170,101],{"class":93},[57,115172,104],{"class":71},[57,115174,845],{"class":75},[57,115176,104],{"class":71},[57,115178,112],{"class":93},[57,115180,115181],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115182,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115184,115185,115187,115189,115191],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115186,119],{"class":118},[57,115188,101],{"class":93},[57,115190,36531],{"class":97},[57,115192,112],{"class":93},[57,115194,115195],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115196,115197],{"class":132},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115199,46276,115200,1016],{},[15,115201,15186],{},[48,115203,115205],{"className":50,"code":115204,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115206,115207,115223,115249,115253,115263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115208,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115210,36479],{"class":63},[57,115212,68],{"class":67},[57,115214,10725],{"class":93},[57,115216,104],{"class":71},[57,115218,836],{"class":75},[57,115220,104],{"class":71},[57,115222,9544],{"class":93},[57,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115226,36531],{"class":63},[57,115228,94],{"class":93},[57,115230,30703],{"class":97},[57,115232,3221],{"class":93},[57,115234,104],{"class":71},[57,115236,845],{"class":75},[57,115238,104],{"class":71},[57,115240,107],{"class":93},[57,115242,72],{"class":71},[57,115244,33461],{"class":75},[57,115246,104],{"class":71},[57,115248,1280],{"class":93},[57,115250,115251],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115252,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115254,115255,115257,115259,115261],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115256,119],{"class":118},[57,115258,101],{"class":93},[57,115260,36531],{"class":97},[57,115262,112],{"class":93},[57,115264,115265],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115266,115267],{"class":132},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115269,115270],{},"Important warning with strings:",[48,115272,115274],{"className":50,"code":115273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115275,115276,115292,115310,115314,115324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115279,36479],{"class":63},[57,115281,68],{"class":67},[57,115283,10725],{"class":93},[57,115285,104],{"class":71},[57,115287,836],{"class":75},[57,115289,104],{"class":71},[57,115291,9544],{"class":93},[57,115293,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115295,36531],{"class":63},[57,115297,94],{"class":93},[57,115299,30703],{"class":97},[57,115301,101],{"class":93},[57,115303,104],{"class":71},[57,115305,38581],{"class":75},[57,115307,104],{"class":71},[57,115309,112],{"class":93},[57,115311,115312],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115313,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115315,115316,115318,115320,115322],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115317,119],{"class":118},[57,115319,101],{"class":93},[57,115321,36531],{"class":97},[57,115323,112],{"class":93},[57,115325,115326],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115327,115328],{"class":132},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115330,62336,115331,62409,115334,6866],{},[15,115332,115333],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115335,96427],{},[43,115337,115339,577,115341],{"id":115338},"update-vs-union",[15,115340,15186],{},[15,115342,103023],{},[20,115344,115345],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[572,115347,115348],{"id":30703},[15,115349,15186],{},[30,115351,115352,115355],{},[33,115353,115354],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,115356,11655,115357],{},[15,115358,4012],{},[48,115360,115362],{"className":50,"code":115361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115363,115364,115380,115396,115400,115414,115424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115365,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115367,2790],{"class":63},[57,115369,68],{"class":67},[57,115371,10725],{"class":93},[57,115373,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115375,107],{"class":93},[57,115377,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115379,9544],{"class":93},[57,115381,115382,115384,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115383,2818],{"class":63},[57,115385,68],{"class":67},[57,115387,10725],{"class":93},[57,115389,1931],{"class":1023},[57,115391,107],{"class":93},[57,115393,2686],{"class":1023},[57,115395,9544],{"class":93},[57,115397,115398],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115399,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115401,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115403,293],{"class":63},[57,115405,94],{"class":93},[57,115407,30703],{"class":97},[57,115409,101],{"class":93},[57,115411,664],{"class":97},[57,115413,112],{"class":93},[57,115415,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115417,119],{"class":118},[57,115419,101],{"class":93},[57,115421,293],{"class":97},[57,115423,112],{"class":93},[57,115425,115426],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,115427,114955],{"class":132},[572,115429,115430],{"id":111493},[15,115431,103023],{},[30,115433,115434,115436],{},[33,115435,101561],{},[33,115437,101564],{},[48,115439,115441],{"className":50,"code":115440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115442,115443,115459,115475,115479,115497,115507,115511,115521],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115444,115445,115447,115449,115451,115453,115455,115457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115446,2790],{"class":63},[57,115448,68],{"class":67},[57,115450,10725],{"class":93},[57,115452,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115454,107],{"class":93},[57,115456,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115458,9544],{"class":93},[57,115460,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115462,2818],{"class":63},[57,115464,68],{"class":67},[57,115466,10725],{"class":93},[57,115468,1931],{"class":1023},[57,115470,107],{"class":93},[57,115472,2686],{"class":1023},[57,115474,9544],{"class":93},[57,115476,115477],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115478,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115480,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489,115491,115493,115495],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115482,83410],{"class":63},[57,115484,68],{"class":67},[57,115486,57122],{"class":63},[57,115488,94],{"class":93},[57,115490,111493],{"class":97},[57,115492,101],{"class":93},[57,115494,664],{"class":97},[57,115496,112],{"class":93},[57,115498,115499,115501,115503,115505],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115500,119],{"class":118},[57,115502,101],{"class":93},[57,115504,673],{"class":97},[57,115506,112],{"class":93},[57,115508,115509],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,115510,114955],{"class":132},[57,115512,115513,115515,115517,115519],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,115514,119],{"class":118},[57,115516,101],{"class":93},[57,115518,293],{"class":97},[57,115520,112],{"class":93},[57,115522,115523],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,115524,115525],{"class":132},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115527,107909,115528,115530,115531,115535],{},[15,115529,15186],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[293,115532,115533],{"href":103020},[15,115534,103023],{}," when you want a new set.",[43,115537,115539],{"id":115538},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115541,10981,115542,94],{},[15,115543,97538],{},[572,115545,115547],{"id":115546},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115549,115550],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[48,115552,115554],{"className":50,"code":115553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115555,115556,115572,115594,115598,115608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115557,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115559,15861],{"class":63},[57,115561,68],{"class":67},[57,115563,10725],{"class":93},[57,115565,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115567,107],{"class":93},[57,115569,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115571,9544],{"class":93},[57,115573,115574,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115575,2463],{"class":63},[57,115577,68],{"class":67},[57,115579,97148],{"class":63},[57,115581,94],{"class":93},[57,115583,30703],{"class":97},[57,115585,3221],{"class":93},[57,115587,2299],{"class":1023},[57,115589,107],{"class":93},[57,115591,2692],{"class":1023},[57,115593,1280],{"class":93},[57,115595,115596],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115597,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115599,115600,115602,115604,115606],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115601,119],{"class":118},[57,115603,101],{"class":93},[57,115605,2498],{"class":97},[57,115607,112],{"class":93},[57,115609,115610],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115611,62061],{"class":132},[20,115613,115614,115615,1016],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115616,15186],{},[48,115618,115620],{"className":50,"code":115619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115621,115622,115638,115656,115660,115670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115623,115624,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115625,15861],{"class":63},[57,115627,68],{"class":67},[57,115629,10725],{"class":93},[57,115631,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115633,107],{"class":93},[57,115635,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115637,9544],{"class":93},[57,115639,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115641,15899],{"class":63},[57,115643,94],{"class":93},[57,115645,30703],{"class":97},[57,115647,3221],{"class":93},[57,115649,2299],{"class":1023},[57,115651,107],{"class":93},[57,115653,2692],{"class":1023},[57,115655,1280],{"class":93},[57,115657,115658],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115659,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115661,115662,115664,115666,115668],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115663,119],{"class":118},[57,115665,101],{"class":93},[57,115667,15899],{"class":97},[57,115669,112],{"class":93},[57,115671,115672],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115673,114254],{"class":132},[572,115675,115677],{"id":115676},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115679,3072],{},[48,115681,115683],{"className":50,"code":115682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115684,115685,115701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115686,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115688,15861],{"class":63},[57,115690,68],{"class":67},[57,115692,10725],{"class":93},[57,115694,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115696,107],{"class":93},[57,115698,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115700,9544],{"class":93},[57,115702,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115704,15899],{"class":63},[57,115706,94],{"class":93},[57,115708,30703],{"class":97},[57,115710,101],{"class":93},[57,115712,2372],{"class":1023},[57,115714,112],{"class":93},[20,115716,62515,115717,8837,115719,115721],{},[15,115718,3241],{},[15,115720,2372],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115723,6790],{},[48,115725,115727],{"className":50,"code":115726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115728,115729,115745,115759,115763,115773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115730,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115732,15861],{"class":63},[57,115734,68],{"class":67},[57,115736,10725],{"class":93},[57,115738,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115740,107],{"class":93},[57,115742,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115744,9544],{"class":93},[57,115746,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115748,15899],{"class":63},[57,115750,94],{"class":93},[57,115752,30703],{"class":97},[57,115754,3221],{"class":93},[57,115756,2372],{"class":1023},[57,115758,1280],{"class":93},[57,115760,115761],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115762,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115764,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115766,119],{"class":118},[57,115768,101],{"class":93},[57,115770,15899],{"class":97},[57,115772,112],{"class":93},[57,115774,115775],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115776,115777],{"class":132},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115779,46149,115780,94],{},[293,115781,25917,115782],{"href":52834},[15,115783,115784],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[572,115786,115788],{"id":115787},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115790,115791],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[48,115793,115795],{"className":50,"code":115794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115796,115797,115813,115839,115843,115853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115798,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115800,15861],{"class":63},[57,115802,68],{"class":67},[57,115804,10725],{"class":93},[57,115806,3224],{"class":1023},[57,115808,107],{"class":93},[57,115810,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115812,9544],{"class":93},[57,115814,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115816,15899],{"class":63},[57,115818,94],{"class":93},[57,115820,30703],{"class":97},[57,115822,3221],{"class":93},[57,115824,1931],{"class":1023},[57,115826,107],{"class":93},[57,115828,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115830,107],{"class":93},[57,115832,1024],{"class":1023},[57,115834,107],{"class":93},[57,115836,2686],{"class":1023},[57,115838,1280],{"class":93},[57,115840,115841],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115842,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115844,115845,115847,115849,115851],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115846,119],{"class":118},[57,115848,101],{"class":93},[57,115850,15899],{"class":97},[57,115852,112],{"class":93},[57,115854,115855],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115856,114955],{"class":132},[572,115858,115860,115861,44865,115863,115865],{"id":115859},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115862,15186],{},[15,115864,96427],{}," is better",[20,115867,115868,115869,115871],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115870,96427],{}," is usually the better choice.",[48,115873,115875],{"className":50,"code":115874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115876,115877,115893,115911,115915,115925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115878,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889,115891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115880,15861],{"class":63},[57,115882,68],{"class":67},[57,115884,10725],{"class":93},[57,115886,104],{"class":71},[57,115888,1305],{"class":75},[57,115890,104],{"class":71},[57,115892,9544],{"class":93},[57,115894,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,115896,15899],{"class":63},[57,115898,94],{"class":93},[57,115900,82330],{"class":97},[57,115902,101],{"class":93},[57,115904,104],{"class":71},[57,115906,1296],{"class":75},[57,115908,104],{"class":71},[57,115910,112],{"class":93},[57,115912,115913],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,115914,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,115916,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,115918,119],{"class":118},[57,115920,101],{"class":93},[57,115922,15899],{"class":97},[57,115924,112],{"class":93},[57,115926,115927],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,115928,115115],{"class":132},[43,115930,2075],{"id":2074},[572,115932,2099,115934,97517],{"id":115933},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115935,97538],{},[20,115937,97520,115938,94],{},[15,115939,4012],{},[572,115941,28567,115942,32466],{"id":32463},[15,115943,15186],{},[20,115945,115946],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[572,115948,2079,115950,2082,115952,2085],{"id":115949},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115951,96427],{},[15,115953,15186],{},[20,115955,115956,115958,115959,115961],{},[15,115957,96427],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115960,15186],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[572,115963,115965],{"id":115964},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115967,115968,115969,114964],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115970,15186],{},[572,115972,115974],{"id":115973},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115976,136,115977,11325,115979,94],{},[15,115978,103023],{},[15,115980,15186],{},[43,115982,2132],{"id":2131},[30,115984,115985,115992,115999,116005,116011],{},[33,115986,115987],{},[293,115988,115989],{"href":98724},[15,115990,115991],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115993,115994],{},[293,115995,115996],{"href":103020},[15,115997,115998],{},"Python set union() method",[33,116000,116001],{},[293,116002,116003],{"href":98107},[15,116004,97562],{},[33,116006,116007],{},[293,116008,116009],{"href":99301},[15,116010,100568],{},[33,116012,116013],{},[293,116014,116015,116017],{"href":52834},[15,116016,115784],{}," fix",[20,116019,116020,116021,116023,116024,116026],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116022,96432],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116025,108267],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2161,116028,116029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":116031},[116032,116033,116035,116036,116037,116038,116039,116040,116042,116047,116054,116063],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":114262,"depth":82,"text":116034},"What set.update() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":22205,"depth":82,"text":22206},{"id":114648,"depth":82,"text":114649},{"id":114751,"depth":82,"text":114752},{"id":114958,"depth":82,"text":114959},{"id":115118,"depth":82,"text":116041},"update() vs add()",{"id":115338,"depth":82,"text":116043,"children":116044},"update() vs union()",[116045,116046],{"id":30703,"depth":115,"text":15186},{"id":111493,"depth":115,"text":103023},{"id":115538,"depth":82,"text":115539,"children":116048},[116049,116050,116051,116052],{"id":115546,"depth":115,"text":115547},{"id":115676,"depth":115,"text":115677},{"id":115787,"depth":115,"text":115788},{"id":115859,"depth":115,"text":116053},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":116055},[116056,116058,116059,116061,116062],{"id":115933,"depth":115,"text":116057},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32463,"depth":115,"text":32536},{"id":115949,"depth":115,"text":116060},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115964,"depth":115,"text":115965},{"id":115973,"depth":115,"text":115974},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114174,"description":116064},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116070,"title":116071,"body":116072,"description":117838,"extension":2201,"meta":117839,"navigation":217,"path":14021,"seo":117840,"stem":117841,"__hash__":117842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116073,"toc":117813},[116074,116077,116080,116083,116094,116102,116105,116107,116256,116268,116272,116289,116293,116301,116303,116314,116316,116413,116419,116422,116518,116527,116532,116536,116541,116543,116553,116555,116664,116672,116676,116679,116682,116699,116705,116785,116788,116792,116795,116799,116802,116861,116864,116868,116871,116963,116967,116970,117077,117081,117087,117115,117117,117199,117209,117213,117216,117227,117230,117315,117318,117323,117327,117330,117341,117344,117486,117489,117493,117496,117510,117513,117574,117580,117582,117585,117607,117610,117710,117713,117745,117747,117751,117754,117756,117759,117763,117766,117770,117773,117777,117780,117782,117810],[10,116075,116071],{"id":116076},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116078,116079],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116081,116082],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,116084,116085,116088,116091],{},[33,116086,116087],{},"a list inside another list",[33,116089,116090],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,116092,116093],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116095,100490,116096,2082,116098,116101],{},[153,116097,13082],{},[153,116099,116100],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116103,116104],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[43,116106,46],{"id":45},[48,116108,116110],{"className":50,"code":116109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116111,116112,116119,116123,116149,116169,116189,116193,116211,116215,116228,116242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116113,116114,116116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116115,35329],{"class":4110},[57,116117,116118],{"class":63}," copy\n",[57,116120,116121],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116122,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116124,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116126,12318],{"class":63},[57,116128,68],{"class":67},[57,116130,56529],{"class":93},[57,116132,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116134,107],{"class":93},[57,116136,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116138,18296],{"class":93},[57,116140,1380],{"class":93},[57,116142,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116144,107],{"class":93},[57,116146,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116148,53477],{"class":93},[57,116150,116151,116154,116156,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116152,116153],{"class":63},"shallow ",[57,116155,68],{"class":67},[57,116157,116158],{"class":63}," copy",[57,116160,94],{"class":93},[57,116162,13143],{"class":97},[57,116164,101],{"class":93},[57,116166,12365],{"class":97},[57,116168,112],{"class":93},[57,116170,116171,116174,116176,116178,116180,116183,116185,116187],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116172,116173],{"class":63},"deep ",[57,116175,68],{"class":67},[57,116177,116158],{"class":63},[57,116179,94],{"class":93},[57,116181,116182],{"class":97},"deepcopy",[57,116184,101],{"class":93},[57,116186,12365],{"class":97},[57,116188,112],{"class":93},[57,116190,116191],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,116192,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116194,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,116196,12365],{"class":63},[57,116198,258],{"class":93},[57,116200,1277],{"class":1023},[57,116202,13781],{"class":93},[57,116204,13784],{"class":97},[57,116206,101],{"class":93},[57,116208,56582],{"class":1023},[57,116210,112],{"class":93},[57,116212,116213],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,116214,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116216,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,116218,119],{"class":118},[57,116220,101],{"class":93},[57,116222,12365],{"class":97},[57,116224,3896],{"class":93},[57,116226,116227],{"class":132},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116229,116230,116232,116234,116237,116239],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,116231,119],{"class":118},[57,116233,101],{"class":93},[57,116235,116236],{"class":97},"shallow",[57,116238,3896],{"class":93},[57,116240,116241],{"class":132},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116243,116244,116246,116248,116251,116253],{"class":59,"line":11827},[57,116245,119],{"class":118},[57,116247,101],{"class":93},[57,116249,116250],{"class":97},"deep",[57,116252,3896],{"class":93},[57,116254,116255],{"class":132},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116257,136,116258,116261,116262,2082,116264,116267],{},[15,116259,116260],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[153,116263,13082],{},[15,116265,116266],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[43,116269,116271],{"id":116270},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,116273,116274,116277,116280,116283,116286],{},[33,116275,116276],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,116278,116279],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,116281,116282],{},"How deep copy works",[33,116284,116285],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,116287,116288],{},"When to use each approach",[43,116290,116292],{"id":116291},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116294,15421,116295,116297,116298,116300],{},[153,116296,13082],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[153,116299,175],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116302,2343],{},[30,116304,116305,116308,116311],{},[33,116306,116307],{},"the outer container is new",[33,116309,116310],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,116312,116313],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116315,179],{},[48,116317,116319],{"className":50,"code":116318,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116320,116321,116347,116361,116365,116383,116387,116400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116322,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116324,12318],{"class":63},[57,116326,68],{"class":67},[57,116328,56529],{"class":93},[57,116330,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116332,107],{"class":93},[57,116334,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116336,18296],{"class":93},[57,116338,1380],{"class":93},[57,116340,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116342,107],{"class":93},[57,116344,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116346,53477],{"class":93},[57,116348,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116350,14543],{"class":63},[57,116352,68],{"class":67},[57,116354,12393],{"class":63},[57,116356,94],{"class":93},[57,116358,13143],{"class":97},[57,116360,212],{"class":93},[57,116362,116363],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116364,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116368,14562],{"class":63},[57,116370,94],{"class":93},[57,116372,13784],{"class":97},[57,116374,3221],{"class":93},[57,116376,2372],{"class":1023},[57,116378,107],{"class":93},[57,116380,37884],{"class":1023},[57,116382,1280],{"class":93},[57,116384,116385],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116386,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116388,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,116390,119],{"class":118},[57,116392,101],{"class":93},[57,116394,12365],{"class":97},[57,116396,3896],{"class":93},[57,116398,116399],{"class":132},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116401,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,116403,119],{"class":118},[57,116405,101],{"class":93},[57,116407,14562],{"class":97},[57,116409,3896],{"class":93},[57,116411,116412],{"class":132},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116414,116415,116416,116418],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116417,14562],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116420,116421],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[48,116423,116425],{"className":50,"code":116424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116426,116427,116453,116467,116471,116489,116493,116505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116428,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116430,12318],{"class":63},[57,116432,68],{"class":67},[57,116434,56529],{"class":93},[57,116436,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116438,107],{"class":93},[57,116440,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116442,18296],{"class":93},[57,116444,1380],{"class":93},[57,116446,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116448,107],{"class":93},[57,116450,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116452,53477],{"class":93},[57,116454,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116456,14543],{"class":63},[57,116458,68],{"class":67},[57,116460,12393],{"class":63},[57,116462,94],{"class":93},[57,116464,13143],{"class":97},[57,116466,212],{"class":93},[57,116468,116469],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116470,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116474,14562],{"class":63},[57,116476,258],{"class":93},[57,116478,1277],{"class":1023},[57,116480,13781],{"class":93},[57,116482,13784],{"class":97},[57,116484,101],{"class":93},[57,116486,56582],{"class":1023},[57,116488,112],{"class":93},[57,116490,116491],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116492,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116494,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,116496,119],{"class":118},[57,116498,101],{"class":93},[57,116500,12365],{"class":97},[57,116502,3896],{"class":93},[57,116504,116227],{"class":132},[57,116506,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,116508,119],{"class":118},[57,116510,101],{"class":93},[57,116512,14562],{"class":97},[57,116514,3896],{"class":93},[57,116516,116517],{"class":132},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116519,116520,116521,2082,116523,116526],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116522,56686],{},[15,116524,116525],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116528,116529,116530,94],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[293,116531,44171],{"href":12297},[43,116533,116535],{"id":116534},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116537,15421,116538,116540],{},[153,116539,116100],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116542,2343],{},[30,116544,116545,116547,116550],{},[33,116546,116307],{},[33,116548,116549],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116551,116552],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116554,179],{},[48,116556,116558],{"className":50,"code":116557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116559,116560,116566,116570,116596,116614,116618,116636,116640,116652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116561,116562,116564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116563,35329],{"class":4110},[57,116565,116118],{"class":63},[57,116567,116568],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116569,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116571,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116573,12318],{"class":63},[57,116575,68],{"class":67},[57,116577,56529],{"class":93},[57,116579,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116581,107],{"class":93},[57,116583,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116585,18296],{"class":93},[57,116587,1380],{"class":93},[57,116589,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116591,107],{"class":93},[57,116593,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116595,53477],{"class":93},[57,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116599,14543],{"class":63},[57,116601,68],{"class":67},[57,116603,116158],{"class":63},[57,116605,94],{"class":93},[57,116607,116182],{"class":97},[57,116609,101],{"class":93},[57,116611,12365],{"class":97},[57,116613,112],{"class":93},[57,116615,116616],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116617,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,116621,14562],{"class":63},[57,116623,258],{"class":93},[57,116625,1277],{"class":1023},[57,116627,13781],{"class":93},[57,116629,13784],{"class":97},[57,116631,101],{"class":93},[57,116633,56582],{"class":1023},[57,116635,112],{"class":93},[57,116637,116638],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,116639,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116641,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,116643,119],{"class":118},[57,116645,101],{"class":93},[57,116647,12365],{"class":97},[57,116649,3896],{"class":93},[57,116651,116399],{"class":132},[57,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,116655,119],{"class":118},[57,116657,101],{"class":93},[57,116659,14562],{"class":97},[57,116661,3896],{"class":93},[57,116663,116517],{"class":132},[20,116665,116666,116667,116669,116670,94],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116668,116525],{}," does not change ",[15,116671,56686],{},[43,116673,116675],{"id":116674},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116677,116678],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116680,116681],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116683,116684,116687,116690,116696],{},[33,116685,116686],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116688,116689],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116691,116692,116693,116695],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116694,68],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116697,116698],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116700,116701,116702,116704],{},"For example, this does ",[153,116703,175],{}," create a copy:",[48,116706,116708],{"className":50,"code":116707,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116709,116710,116730,116738,116742,116756,116760,116772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116711,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726,116728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116713,12318],{"class":63},[57,116715,68],{"class":67},[57,116717,1380],{"class":93},[57,116719,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116721,107],{"class":93},[57,116723,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116725,107],{"class":93},[57,116727,2686],{"class":1023},[57,116729,288],{"class":93},[57,116731,116732,116734,116736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116733,14543],{"class":63},[57,116735,68],{"class":67},[57,116737,12356],{"class":63},[57,116739,116740],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116741,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116743,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116745,14562],{"class":63},[57,116747,94],{"class":93},[57,116749,13784],{"class":97},[57,116751,101],{"class":93},[57,116753,2740],{"class":1023},[57,116755,112],{"class":93},[57,116757,116758],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116759,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116761,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,116763,119],{"class":118},[57,116765,101],{"class":93},[57,116767,12365],{"class":97},[57,116769,3896],{"class":93},[57,116771,55936],{"class":132},[57,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,116775,119],{"class":118},[57,116777,101],{"class":93},[57,116779,14562],{"class":97},[57,116781,3896],{"class":93},[57,116783,116784],{"class":132},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116786,116787],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[43,116789,116791],{"id":116790},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116793,116794],{},"These three ideas are different.",[572,116796,116798],{"id":116797},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116800,116801],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[48,116803,116805],{"className":50,"code":116804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116806,116807,116833,116841,116845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116808,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116810,12318],{"class":63},[57,116812,68],{"class":67},[57,116814,56529],{"class":93},[57,116816,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116818,107],{"class":93},[57,116820,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116822,18296],{"class":93},[57,116824,1380],{"class":93},[57,116826,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116828,107],{"class":93},[57,116830,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116832,53477],{"class":93},[57,116834,116835,116837,116839],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116836,14334],{"class":63},[57,116838,68],{"class":67},[57,116840,12356],{"class":63},[57,116842,116843],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116844,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116846,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116848,119],{"class":118},[57,116850,101],{"class":93},[57,116852,12318],{"class":97},[57,116854,537],{"class":4110},[57,116856,14402],{"class":97},[57,116858,3896],{"class":93},[57,116860,3899],{"class":132},[20,116862,116863],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[572,116865,116867],{"id":116866},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116869,116870],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[48,116872,116874],{"className":50,"code":116873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116875,116876,116902,116916,116920,116937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116877,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116879,12318],{"class":63},[57,116881,68],{"class":67},[57,116883,56529],{"class":93},[57,116885,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116887,107],{"class":93},[57,116889,1024],{"class":1023},[57,116891,18296],{"class":93},[57,116893,1380],{"class":93},[57,116895,2299],{"class":1023},[57,116897,107],{"class":93},[57,116899,2692],{"class":1023},[57,116901,53477],{"class":93},[57,116903,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116905,116153],{"class":63},[57,116907,68],{"class":67},[57,116909,12393],{"class":63},[57,116911,94],{"class":93},[57,116913,13143],{"class":97},[57,116915,212],{"class":93},[57,116917,116918],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116919,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116921,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930,116933,116935],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,116923,119],{"class":118},[57,116925,101],{"class":93},[57,116927,12318],{"class":97},[57,116929,537],{"class":4110},[57,116931,116932],{"class":97}," shallow",[57,116934,3896],{"class":93},[57,116936,21436],{"class":132},[57,116938,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,116940,119],{"class":118},[57,116942,101],{"class":93},[57,116944,12365],{"class":97},[57,116946,258],{"class":93},[57,116948,1277],{"class":1023},[57,116950,13504],{"class":93},[57,116952,8331],{"class":4110},[57,116954,116932],{"class":97},[57,116956,258],{"class":93},[57,116958,1277],{"class":1023},[57,116960,20681],{"class":93},[57,116962,3899],{"class":132},[572,116964,116966],{"id":116965},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116968,116969],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[48,116971,116973],{"className":50,"code":116972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116974,116975,116981,116985,117011,117029,117033,117051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116976,116977,116979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116978,35329],{"class":4110},[57,116980,116118],{"class":63},[57,116982,116983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,116984,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,116986,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,116988,12318],{"class":63},[57,116990,68],{"class":67},[57,116992,56529],{"class":93},[57,116994,3224],{"class":1023},[57,116996,107],{"class":93},[57,116998,1024],{"class":1023},[57,117000,18296],{"class":93},[57,117002,1380],{"class":93},[57,117004,2299],{"class":1023},[57,117006,107],{"class":93},[57,117008,2692],{"class":1023},[57,117010,53477],{"class":93},[57,117012,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117014,116173],{"class":63},[57,117016,68],{"class":67},[57,117018,116158],{"class":63},[57,117020,94],{"class":93},[57,117022,116182],{"class":97},[57,117024,101],{"class":93},[57,117026,12365],{"class":97},[57,117028,112],{"class":93},[57,117030,117031],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117032,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117034,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043,117046,117048],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,117036,119],{"class":118},[57,117038,101],{"class":93},[57,117040,12318],{"class":97},[57,117042,537],{"class":4110},[57,117044,117045],{"class":97}," deep",[57,117047,3896],{"class":93},[57,117049,117050],{"class":132},"         # False\n",[57,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,117054,119],{"class":118},[57,117056,101],{"class":93},[57,117058,12365],{"class":97},[57,117060,258],{"class":93},[57,117062,1277],{"class":1023},[57,117064,13504],{"class":93},[57,117066,8331],{"class":4110},[57,117068,117045],{"class":97},[57,117070,258],{"class":93},[57,117072,1277],{"class":1023},[57,117074,20681],{"class":93},[57,117076,44107],{"class":132},[43,117078,117080],{"id":117079},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117082,117083,117084,1016],{},"These all make ",[153,117085,117086],{},"shallow copies",[30,117088,117089,117093,117097,117102,117108],{},[33,117090,117091],{},[15,117092,55836],{},[33,117094,117095],{},[15,117096,12666],{},[33,117098,117099],{},[15,117100,117101],{},"set.copy()",[33,117103,117104,117105],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117106,117107],{},"my_list[:]",[33,117109,117110,117112,117113,35319],{},[15,117111,116260],{}," from the ",[15,117114,13143],{},[20,117116,2361],{},[48,117118,117120],{"className":50,"code":117119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117121,117122,117142,117146,117160,117171,117175,117187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117123,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138,117140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117125,3853],{"class":63},[57,117127,68],{"class":67},[57,117129,1380],{"class":93},[57,117131,3224],{"class":1023},[57,117133,107],{"class":93},[57,117135,1024],{"class":1023},[57,117137,107],{"class":93},[57,117139,2686],{"class":1023},[57,117141,288],{"class":93},[57,117143,117144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117145,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117147,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156,117158],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117149,2790],{"class":63},[57,117151,68],{"class":67},[57,117153,4495],{"class":63},[57,117155,94],{"class":93},[57,117157,13143],{"class":97},[57,117159,212],{"class":93},[57,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117163,2818],{"class":63},[57,117165,68],{"class":67},[57,117167,4495],{"class":63},[57,117169,117170],{"class":93},"[:]\n",[57,117172,117173],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117174,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117176,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,117178,119],{"class":118},[57,117180,101],{"class":93},[57,117182,293],{"class":97},[57,117184,3896],{"class":93},[57,117186,55167],{"class":132},[57,117188,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,117190,119],{"class":118},[57,117192,101],{"class":93},[57,117194,664],{"class":97},[57,117196,3896],{"class":93},[57,117198,55167],{"class":132},[20,117200,73367,117201,47770,117205,94],{},[293,117202,117203,742],{"href":55195},[15,117204,55836],{},[293,117206,117207,742],{"href":12663},[15,117208,12666],{},[43,117210,117212],{"id":117211},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117214,117215],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,117217,117218,117221,117224],{},[33,117219,117220],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,117222,117223],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,117225,117226],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117228,117229],{},"Example with a flat list:",[48,117231,117233],{"className":50,"code":117232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117234,117235,117255,117269,117273,117287,117291,117303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117238,12318],{"class":63},[57,117240,68],{"class":67},[57,117242,1380],{"class":93},[57,117244,3224],{"class":1023},[57,117246,107],{"class":93},[57,117248,1024],{"class":1023},[57,117250,107],{"class":93},[57,117252,2686],{"class":1023},[57,117254,288],{"class":93},[57,117256,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117258,14543],{"class":63},[57,117260,68],{"class":67},[57,117262,12393],{"class":63},[57,117264,94],{"class":93},[57,117266,13143],{"class":97},[57,117268,212],{"class":93},[57,117270,117271],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117272,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117274,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117276,14562],{"class":63},[57,117278,94],{"class":93},[57,117280,13784],{"class":97},[57,117282,101],{"class":93},[57,117284,2740],{"class":1023},[57,117286,112],{"class":93},[57,117288,117289],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117290,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,117294,119],{"class":118},[57,117296,101],{"class":93},[57,117298,12365],{"class":97},[57,117300,3896],{"class":93},[57,117302,55167],{"class":132},[57,117304,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,117306,119],{"class":118},[57,117308,101],{"class":93},[57,117310,14562],{"class":97},[57,117312,3896],{"class":93},[57,117314,116784],{"class":132},[20,117316,117317],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117319,117320,117321,94],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[293,117322,15120],{"href":57454},[43,117324,117326],{"id":117325},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117328,117329],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,117331,117332,117335,117338],{},[33,117333,117334],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,117336,117337],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,117339,117340],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117342,117343],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[48,117345,117347],{"className":50,"code":117346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117348,117349,117355,117359,117385,117399,117417,117421,117443,117447,117460,117473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117350,117351,117353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117352,35329],{"class":4110},[57,117354,116118],{"class":63},[57,117356,117357],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117358,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117360,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117362,12318],{"class":63},[57,117364,68],{"class":67},[57,117366,10725],{"class":93},[57,117368,104],{"class":71},[57,117370,16622],{"class":75},[57,117372,104],{"class":71},[57,117374,1016],{"class":93},[57,117376,1380],{"class":93},[57,117378,941],{"class":1023},[57,117380,107],{"class":93},[57,117382,8025],{"class":1023},[57,117384,13937],{"class":93},[57,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117388,116153],{"class":63},[57,117390,68],{"class":67},[57,117392,12393],{"class":63},[57,117394,94],{"class":93},[57,117396,13143],{"class":97},[57,117398,212],{"class":93},[57,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117402,116173],{"class":63},[57,117404,68],{"class":67},[57,117406,116158],{"class":63},[57,117408,94],{"class":93},[57,117410,116182],{"class":97},[57,117412,101],{"class":93},[57,117414,12365],{"class":97},[57,117416,112],{"class":93},[57,117418,117419],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,117420,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,117424,12365],{"class":63},[57,117426,258],{"class":93},[57,117428,104],{"class":71},[57,117430,16622],{"class":75},[57,117432,104],{"class":71},[57,117434,13781],{"class":93},[57,117436,13784],{"class":97},[57,117438,101],{"class":93},[57,117440,37082],{"class":1023},[57,117442,112],{"class":93},[57,117444,117445],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,117446,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,117450,119],{"class":118},[57,117452,101],{"class":93},[57,117454,12365],{"class":97},[57,117456,3896],{"class":93},[57,117458,117459],{"class":132},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,117461,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470],{"class":59,"line":6672},[57,117463,119],{"class":118},[57,117465,101],{"class":93},[57,117467,116236],{"class":97},[57,117469,3896],{"class":93},[57,117471,117472],{"class":132},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,117474,117475,117477,117479,117481,117483],{"class":59,"line":11827},[57,117476,119],{"class":118},[57,117478,101],{"class":93},[57,117480,116250],{"class":97},[57,117482,3896],{"class":93},[57,117484,117485],{"class":132},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117487,117488],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[43,117490,117492],{"id":117491},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117494,117495],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117497,117498,117501,117504,117507],{},[33,117499,117500],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117502,117503],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117505,117506],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117508,117509],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117511,117512],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[48,117514,117516],{"className":50,"code":117515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117517,117518,117526,117534,117538,117546,117550,117562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117519,117520,117522,117524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117521,2790],{"class":63},[57,117523,68],{"class":67},[57,117525,2823],{"class":1023},[57,117527,117528,117530,117532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117529,2818],{"class":63},[57,117531,68],{"class":67},[57,117533,36415],{"class":63},[57,117535,117536],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117537,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117539,117540,117542,117544],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117541,2818],{"class":63},[57,117543,68],{"class":67},[57,117545,14846],{"class":1023},[57,117547,117548],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117549,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117551,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,117553,119],{"class":118},[57,117555,101],{"class":93},[57,117557,293],{"class":97},[57,117559,3896],{"class":93},[57,117561,27033],{"class":132},[57,117563,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,117565,119],{"class":118},[57,117567,101],{"class":93},[57,117569,664],{"class":97},[57,117571,3896],{"class":93},[57,117573,27854],{"class":132},[20,117575,93732,117576,117579],{},[293,117577,117578],{"href":12297},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[43,117581,1673],{"id":1672},[20,117583,117584],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117586,117587,117591,117596,117601,117604],{},[33,117588,425,117589,57018],{},[15,117590,68],{},[33,117592,425,117593,117595],{},[15,117594,55836],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117597,425,117598,117600],{},[15,117599,12666],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117602,117603],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117605,117606],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117608,117609],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[48,117611,117613],{"className":50,"code":117612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117614,117615,117629,117643,117665,117696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117616,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117618,119],{"class":118},[57,117620,101],{"class":93},[57,117622,12318],{"class":97},[57,117624,537],{"class":4110},[57,117626,14616],{"class":97},[57,117628,112],{"class":93},[57,117630,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117632,119],{"class":118},[57,117634,101],{"class":93},[57,117636,12318],{"class":97},[57,117638,4921],{"class":67},[57,117640,14616],{"class":97},[57,117642,112],{"class":93},[57,117644,117645,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117646,119],{"class":118},[57,117648,101],{"class":93},[57,117650,12881],{"class":118},[57,117652,101],{"class":93},[57,117654,12365],{"class":97},[57,117656,9469],{"class":93},[57,117658,15048],{"class":118},[57,117660,101],{"class":93},[57,117662,14562],{"class":97},[57,117664,640],{"class":93},[57,117666,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117668,119],{"class":118},[57,117670,101],{"class":93},[57,117672,12881],{"class":118},[57,117674,101],{"class":93},[57,117676,12365],{"class":97},[57,117678,258],{"class":93},[57,117680,1277],{"class":1023},[57,117682,117683],{"class":93},"]),",[57,117685,15048],{"class":118},[57,117687,101],{"class":93},[57,117689,14562],{"class":97},[57,117691,258],{"class":93},[57,117693,1277],{"class":1023},[57,117695,3235],{"class":93},[57,117697,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117699,119],{"class":118},[57,117701,101],{"class":93},[57,117703,1257],{"class":1256},[57,117705,101],{"class":93},[57,117707,12365],{"class":97},[57,117709,640],{"class":93},[20,117711,117712],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117714,117715,117720,117725,117730,117740],{},[33,117716,117717,117719],{},[15,117718,537],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117721,117722,117724],{},[15,117723,4921],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117726,117727,117729],{},[15,117728,43723],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117731,117732,117733,2082,117736,117739],{},"comparing ",[15,117734,117735],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117737,117738],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117741,117742,117744],{},[15,117743,2536],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[43,117746,2075],{"id":2074},[572,117748,117750],{"id":117749},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117752,117753],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[572,117755,57504],{"id":57419},[20,117757,117758],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[572,117760,117762],{"id":117761},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117764,117765],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[572,117767,117769],{"id":117768},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117771,117772],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[572,117774,117776],{"id":117775},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117778,117779],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[43,117781,2132],{"id":2131},[30,117783,117784,117789,117795,117801,117805],{},[33,117785,117786],{},[293,117787,117788],{"href":12297},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117790,117791],{},[293,117792,3809,117793,742],{"href":55195},[15,117794,55836],{},[33,117796,117797],{},[293,117798,3809,117799,742],{"href":12663},[15,117800,12666],{},[33,117802,117803],{},[293,117804,15197],{"href":57454},[33,117806,117807],{},[293,117808,117809],{"href":58727},"What is a list in Python?",[2161,117811,117812],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":117814},[117815,117816,117817,117818,117819,117820,117825,117826,117827,117828,117829,117830,117837],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":116270,"depth":82,"text":116271},{"id":116291,"depth":82,"text":116292},{"id":116534,"depth":82,"text":116535},{"id":116674,"depth":82,"text":116675},{"id":116790,"depth":82,"text":116791,"children":117821},[117822,117823,117824],{"id":116797,"depth":115,"text":116798},{"id":116866,"depth":115,"text":116867},{"id":116965,"depth":115,"text":116966},{"id":117079,"depth":82,"text":117080},{"id":117211,"depth":82,"text":117212},{"id":117325,"depth":82,"text":117326},{"id":117491,"depth":82,"text":117492},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":117831},[117832,117833,117834,117835,117836],{"id":117749,"depth":115,"text":117750},{"id":57419,"depth":115,"text":57504},{"id":117761,"depth":115,"text":117762},{"id":117768,"depth":115,"text":117769},{"id":117775,"depth":115,"text":117776},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116071,"description":117838},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117844,"title":117845,"body":117846,"description":119703,"extension":2201,"meta":119704,"navigation":217,"path":119705,"seo":119706,"stem":119707,"__hash__":119708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117847,"toc":119661},[117848,117853,117858,117866,117868,117936,117941,117946,117961,117964,117966,117997,117999,118019,118022,118037,118039,118042,118115,118117,118162,118164,118175,118180,118184,118189,118192,118231,118233,118253,118256,118313,118315,118350,118353,118392,118394,118414,118417,118448,118450,118506,118508,118513,118584,118586,118619,118624,118629,118694,118696,118733,118736,118813,118815,118875,118882,118887,118890,118893,118974,118976,119017,119022,119025,119103,119105,119138,119147,119154,119157,119168,119171,119182,119186,119194,119203,119207,119212,119216,119221,119264,119267,119273,119276,119278,119325,119330,119334,119337,119386,119388,119409,119412,119414,119439,119442,119563,119568,119570,119575,119578,119583,119586,119594,119599,119606,119609,119617,119620,119622,119658],[10,117849,3809,117851,3813],{"id":117850},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117852,74651],{},[20,117854,117855,117857],{},[15,117856,74651],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117859,117860,117861,754,117863,117865],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117862,78093],{},[15,117864,74651],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[43,117867,3843],{"id":3842},[48,117869,117871],{"className":50,"code":117870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117872,117873,117893,117907,117911,117923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117874,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117876,3853],{"class":63},[57,117878,68],{"class":67},[57,117880,1380],{"class":93},[57,117882,2299],{"class":1023},[57,117884,107],{"class":93},[57,117886,1143],{"class":1023},[57,117888,107],{"class":93},[57,117890,1024],{"class":1023},[57,117892,288],{"class":93},[57,117894,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,117896,2463],{"class":63},[57,117898,68],{"class":67},[57,117900,74785],{"class":118},[57,117902,101],{"class":93},[57,117904,3883],{"class":97},[57,117906,112],{"class":93},[57,117908,117909],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,117910,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,117912,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,117914,119],{"class":118},[57,117916,101],{"class":93},[57,117918,2498],{"class":97},[57,117920,3896],{"class":93},[57,117922,55923],{"class":132},[57,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,117926,119],{"class":118},[57,117928,101],{"class":93},[57,117930,3883],{"class":97},[57,117932,3896],{"class":93},[57,117934,117935],{"class":132},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117937,117938,117940],{},[15,117939,74651],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[43,117942,143,117944,146],{"id":117943},"what-sorted-does",[15,117945,74651],{},[30,117947,117948,117952,117955,117958],{},[33,117949,117950,63156],{},[15,117951,74651],{},[33,117953,117954],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117956,117957],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117959,117960],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117962,117963],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[43,117965,300],{"id":299},[48,117967,117969],{"className":50,"code":117968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117970,117971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117972,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117974,74741],{"class":118},[57,117976,101],{"class":93},[57,117978,3955],{"class":97},[57,117980,107],{"class":93},[57,117982,21815],{"class":9411},[57,117984,68],{"class":67},[57,117986,4012],{"class":4085},[57,117988,107],{"class":93},[57,117990,78296],{"class":9411},[57,117992,68],{"class":67},[57,117994,3909],{"class":4085},[57,117996,112],{"class":93},[572,117998,17629],{"id":17628},[30,118000,118001,118006,118011],{},[33,118002,118003,118005],{},[15,118004,3955],{},": the values to sort",[33,118007,118008,118010],{},[15,118009,15073],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,118012,118013,118015,118016,118018],{},[15,118014,73804],{},": set to ",[15,118017,3838],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118020,118021],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[48,118023,118025],{"className":50,"code":118024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118026,118027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118030,74741],{"class":118},[57,118032,101],{"class":93},[57,118034,60541],{"class":97},[57,118036,112],{"class":93},[43,118038,11707],{"id":11706},[20,118040,118041],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[48,118043,118045],{"className":50,"code":118044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118046,118047,118071,118075,118090,118094,118105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118048,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118050,3853],{"class":63},[57,118052,68],{"class":67},[57,118054,1380],{"class":93},[57,118056,2372],{"class":1023},[57,118058,107],{"class":93},[57,118060,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118062,107],{"class":93},[57,118064,6594],{"class":1023},[57,118066,107],{"class":93},[57,118068,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118070,288],{"class":93},[57,118072,118073],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118074,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,118076,118077,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,118078,118079],{"class":63},"sorted_numbers ",[57,118081,68],{"class":67},[57,118083,74785],{"class":118},[57,118085,101],{"class":93},[57,118087,3883],{"class":97},[57,118089,112],{"class":93},[57,118091,118092],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,118093,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,118095,118096,118098,118100,118103],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,118097,119],{"class":118},[57,118099,101],{"class":93},[57,118101,118102],{"class":97},"sorted_numbers",[57,118104,112],{"class":93},[57,118106,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,118108,119],{"class":118},[57,118110,101],{"class":93},[57,118112,3883],{"class":97},[57,118114,112],{"class":93},[20,118116,243],{},[48,118118,118120],{"className":50,"code":118119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118121,118122,118142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118123,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118125,258],{"class":93},[57,118127,3224],{"class":1023},[57,118129,107],{"class":93},[57,118131,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118133,107],{"class":93},[57,118135,4838],{"class":1023},[57,118137,107],{"class":93},[57,118139,6594],{"class":1023},[57,118141,288],{"class":93},[57,118143,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118145,258],{"class":93},[57,118147,2372],{"class":1023},[57,118149,107],{"class":93},[57,118151,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118153,107],{"class":93},[57,118155,6594],{"class":1023},[57,118157,107],{"class":93},[57,118159,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118161,288],{"class":93},[20,118163,13994],{},[30,118165,118166,118171],{},[33,118167,118168,118170],{},[15,118169,118102],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,118172,118173,112707],{},[15,118174,3883],{},[20,118176,118177,118178,94],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[293,118179,78603],{"href":78602},[43,118181,118183],{"id":118182},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118185,118186,118188],{},[15,118187,74651],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[572,118190,118191],{"id":1188},"List",[48,118193,118195],{"className":50,"code":118194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118196,118197,118217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118198,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118200,3853],{"class":63},[57,118202,68],{"class":67},[57,118204,1380],{"class":93},[57,118206,2299],{"class":1023},[57,118208,107],{"class":93},[57,118210,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118212,107],{"class":93},[57,118214,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118216,288],{"class":93},[57,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118220,119],{"class":118},[57,118222,101],{"class":93},[57,118224,74741],{"class":118},[57,118226,101],{"class":93},[57,118228,3883],{"class":97},[57,118230,640],{"class":93},[20,118232,243],{},[48,118234,118235],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118236,118237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118240,258],{"class":93},[57,118242,3224],{"class":1023},[57,118244,107],{"class":93},[57,118246,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118248,107],{"class":93},[57,118250,2686],{"class":1023},[57,118252,288],{"class":93},[572,118254,118255],{"id":49189},"Tuple",[48,118257,118259],{"className":50,"code":118258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118260,118261,118281,118295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118262,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118264,4057],{"class":63},[57,118266,68],{"class":67},[57,118268,9472],{"class":93},[57,118270,2299],{"class":1023},[57,118272,107],{"class":93},[57,118274,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118276,107],{"class":93},[57,118278,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118280,112],{"class":93},[57,118282,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118284,119],{"class":118},[57,118286,101],{"class":93},[57,118288,74741],{"class":118},[57,118290,101],{"class":93},[57,118292,5591],{"class":97},[57,118294,640],{"class":93},[57,118296,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,118298,119],{"class":118},[57,118300,101],{"class":93},[57,118302,1257],{"class":1256},[57,118304,101],{"class":93},[57,118306,74741],{"class":118},[57,118308,101],{"class":93},[57,118310,5591],{"class":97},[57,118312,2028],{"class":93},[20,118314,243],{},[48,118316,118318],{"className":50,"code":118317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118319,118320,118336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118321,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118323,258],{"class":93},[57,118325,3224],{"class":1023},[57,118327,107],{"class":93},[57,118329,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118331,107],{"class":93},[57,118333,2686],{"class":1023},[57,118335,288],{"class":93},[57,118337,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118339,1323],{"class":67},[57,118341,1327],{"class":1326},[57,118343,271],{"class":71},[57,118345,1188],{"class":75},[57,118347,261],{"class":71},[57,118349,1336],{"class":67},[572,118351,118352],{"id":6521},"Set",[48,118354,118356],{"className":50,"code":118355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118357,118358,118378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118359,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118361,4057],{"class":63},[57,118363,68],{"class":67},[57,118365,10725],{"class":93},[57,118367,2299],{"class":1023},[57,118369,107],{"class":93},[57,118371,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118373,107],{"class":93},[57,118375,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118377,9544],{"class":93},[57,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118381,119],{"class":118},[57,118383,101],{"class":93},[57,118385,74741],{"class":118},[57,118387,101],{"class":93},[57,118389,5591],{"class":97},[57,118391,640],{"class":93},[20,118393,243],{},[48,118395,118396],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118397,118398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118399,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118401,258],{"class":93},[57,118403,3224],{"class":1023},[57,118405,107],{"class":93},[57,118407,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118409,107],{"class":93},[57,118411,2686],{"class":1023},[57,118413,288],{"class":93},[572,118415,118416],{"id":310},"String",[48,118418,118420],{"className":50,"code":118419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118421,118422,118434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118423,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118425,64],{"class":63},[57,118427,68],{"class":67},[57,118429,72],{"class":71},[57,118431,52],{"class":75},[57,118433,79],{"class":71},[57,118435,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118437,119],{"class":118},[57,118439,101],{"class":93},[57,118441,74741],{"class":118},[57,118443,101],{"class":93},[57,118445,227],{"class":97},[57,118447,640],{"class":93},[20,118449,243],{},[48,118451,118452],{"className":50,"code":79618,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118453,118454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118457,258],{"class":93},[57,118459,261],{"class":71},[57,118461,60672],{"class":75},[57,118463,261],{"class":71},[57,118465,107],{"class":93},[57,118467,271],{"class":71},[57,118469,76257],{"class":75},[57,118471,261],{"class":71},[57,118473,107],{"class":93},[57,118475,271],{"class":71},[57,118477,60707],{"class":75},[57,118479,261],{"class":71},[57,118481,107],{"class":93},[57,118483,271],{"class":71},[57,118485,20],{"class":75},[57,118487,261],{"class":71},[57,118489,107],{"class":93},[57,118491,271],{"class":71},[57,118493,63517],{"class":75},[57,118495,261],{"class":71},[57,118497,107],{"class":93},[57,118499,271],{"class":71},[57,118501,11977],{"class":75},[57,118503,261],{"class":71},[57,118505,288],{"class":93},[572,118507,29461],{"id":15837},[20,118509,63770,118510,118512],{},[15,118511,74651],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[48,118514,118516],{"className":50,"code":118515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118517,118518,118570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118521,13435],{"class":63},[57,118523,68],{"class":67},[57,118525,10725],{"class":93},[57,118527,104],{"class":71},[57,118529,1056],{"class":75},[57,118531,104],{"class":71},[57,118533,1016],{"class":93},[57,118535,72],{"class":71},[57,118537,13112],{"class":75},[57,118539,104],{"class":71},[57,118541,107],{"class":93},[57,118543,72],{"class":71},[57,118545,1065],{"class":75},[57,118547,104],{"class":71},[57,118549,1016],{"class":93},[57,118551,8025],{"class":1023},[57,118553,107],{"class":93},[57,118555,72],{"class":71},[57,118557,10644],{"class":75},[57,118559,104],{"class":71},[57,118561,1016],{"class":93},[57,118563,72],{"class":71},[57,118565,16264],{"class":75},[57,118567,104],{"class":71},[57,118569,9544],{"class":93},[57,118571,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118573,119],{"class":118},[57,118575,101],{"class":93},[57,118577,74741],{"class":118},[57,118579,101],{"class":93},[57,118581,17541],{"class":97},[57,118583,640],{"class":93},[20,118585,243],{},[48,118587,118589],{"className":50,"code":118588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118590,118591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118594,258],{"class":93},[57,118596,261],{"class":71},[57,118598,1065],{"class":75},[57,118600,261],{"class":71},[57,118602,107],{"class":93},[57,118604,271],{"class":71},[57,118606,10644],{"class":75},[57,118608,261],{"class":71},[57,118610,107],{"class":93},[57,118612,271],{"class":71},[57,118614,1056],{"class":75},[57,118616,261],{"class":71},[57,118618,288],{"class":93},[43,118620,425,118622],{"id":118621},"using-reversetrue",[15,118623,78317],{},[20,118625,136,118626,118628],{},[15,118627,78317],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[48,118630,118632],{"className":50,"code":118631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118633,118634,118654,118658,118672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118635,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118637,3853],{"class":63},[57,118639,68],{"class":67},[57,118641,1380],{"class":93},[57,118643,2299],{"class":1023},[57,118645,107],{"class":93},[57,118647,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118649,107],{"class":93},[57,118651,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118653,288],{"class":93},[57,118655,118656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118657,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,118659,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,118661,119],{"class":118},[57,118663,101],{"class":93},[57,118665,74741],{"class":118},[57,118667,101],{"class":93},[57,118669,3883],{"class":97},[57,118671,640],{"class":93},[57,118673,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,118675,119],{"class":118},[57,118677,101],{"class":93},[57,118679,74741],{"class":118},[57,118681,101],{"class":93},[57,118683,3883],{"class":97},[57,118685,107],{"class":93},[57,118687,78296],{"class":9411},[57,118689,68],{"class":67},[57,118691,3838],{"class":4085},[57,118693,640],{"class":93},[20,118695,243],{},[48,118697,118699],{"className":50,"code":118698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118700,118701,118717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118702,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118704,258],{"class":93},[57,118706,3224],{"class":1023},[57,118708,107],{"class":93},[57,118710,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118712,107],{"class":93},[57,118714,2686],{"class":1023},[57,118716,288],{"class":93},[57,118718,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118720,258],{"class":93},[57,118722,2299],{"class":1023},[57,118724,107],{"class":93},[57,118726,1024],{"class":1023},[57,118728,107],{"class":93},[57,118730,1143],{"class":1023},[57,118732,288],{"class":93},[20,118734,118735],{},"This also works with strings:",[48,118737,118739],{"className":50,"code":118738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118740,118741,118773,118777,118791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118742,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118744,4304],{"class":63},[57,118746,68],{"class":67},[57,118748,1380],{"class":93},[57,118750,104],{"class":71},[57,118752,836],{"class":75},[57,118754,104],{"class":71},[57,118756,107],{"class":93},[57,118758,72],{"class":71},[57,118760,845],{"class":75},[57,118762,104],{"class":71},[57,118764,107],{"class":93},[57,118766,72],{"class":71},[57,118768,854],{"class":75},[57,118770,104],{"class":71},[57,118772,288],{"class":93},[57,118774,118775],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118776,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,118780,119],{"class":118},[57,118782,101],{"class":93},[57,118784,74741],{"class":118},[57,118786,101],{"class":93},[57,118788,4345],{"class":97},[57,118790,640],{"class":93},[57,118792,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,118794,119],{"class":118},[57,118796,101],{"class":93},[57,118798,74741],{"class":118},[57,118800,101],{"class":93},[57,118802,4345],{"class":97},[57,118804,107],{"class":93},[57,118806,78296],{"class":9411},[57,118808,68],{"class":67},[57,118810,3838],{"class":4085},[57,118812,640],{"class":93},[20,118814,243],{},[48,118816,118817],{"className":50,"code":74385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118818,118819,118847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118820,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118822,258],{"class":93},[57,118824,261],{"class":71},[57,118826,836],{"class":75},[57,118828,261],{"class":71},[57,118830,107],{"class":93},[57,118832,271],{"class":71},[57,118834,845],{"class":75},[57,118836,261],{"class":71},[57,118838,107],{"class":93},[57,118840,271],{"class":71},[57,118842,854],{"class":75},[57,118844,261],{"class":71},[57,118846,288],{"class":93},[57,118848,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118850,258],{"class":93},[57,118852,261],{"class":71},[57,118854,854],{"class":75},[57,118856,261],{"class":71},[57,118858,107],{"class":93},[57,118860,271],{"class":71},[57,118862,845],{"class":75},[57,118864,261],{"class":71},[57,118866,107],{"class":93},[57,118868,271],{"class":71},[57,118870,836],{"class":75},[57,118872,261],{"class":71},[57,118874,288],{"class":93},[43,118876,425,118878,118881],{"id":118877},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118879,118880],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118883,2218,118884,118886],{},[15,118885,118880],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118888,118889],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118891,118892],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[48,118894,118896],{"className":50,"code":118895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118897,118898,118938,118942,118964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118899,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118901,4304],{"class":63},[57,118903,68],{"class":67},[57,118905,1380],{"class":93},[57,118907,104],{"class":71},[57,118909,78969],{"class":75},[57,118911,104],{"class":71},[57,118913,107],{"class":93},[57,118915,72],{"class":71},[57,118917,38598],{"class":75},[57,118919,104],{"class":71},[57,118921,107],{"class":93},[57,118923,72],{"class":71},[57,118925,845],{"class":75},[57,118927,104],{"class":71},[57,118929,107],{"class":93},[57,118931,72],{"class":71},[57,118933,38581],{"class":75},[57,118935,104],{"class":71},[57,118937,288],{"class":93},[57,118939,118940],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,118941,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,118943,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,118945,2463],{"class":63},[57,118947,68],{"class":67},[57,118949,74785],{"class":118},[57,118951,101],{"class":93},[57,118953,4345],{"class":97},[57,118955,107],{"class":93},[57,118957,21815],{"class":9411},[57,118959,68],{"class":67},[57,118961,2009],{"class":118},[57,118963,112],{"class":93},[57,118965,118966,118968,118970,118972],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,118967,119],{"class":118},[57,118969,101],{"class":93},[57,118971,2498],{"class":97},[57,118973,112],{"class":93},[20,118975,243],{},[48,118977,118979],{"className":50,"code":118978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118980,118981],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118984,258],{"class":93},[57,118986,261],{"class":71},[57,118988,38598],{"class":75},[57,118990,261],{"class":71},[57,118992,107],{"class":93},[57,118994,271],{"class":71},[57,118996,78969],{"class":75},[57,118998,261],{"class":71},[57,119000,107],{"class":93},[57,119002,271],{"class":71},[57,119004,38581],{"class":75},[57,119006,261],{"class":71},[57,119008,107],{"class":93},[57,119010,271],{"class":71},[57,119012,845],{"class":75},[57,119014,261],{"class":71},[57,119016,288],{"class":93},[20,119018,21006,119019,119021],{},[15,119020,2009],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119023,119024],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[48,119026,119028],{"className":50,"code":119027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119029,119030,119063,119067,119093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119031,119032,119034,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119059,119061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119033,4304],{"class":63},[57,119035,68],{"class":67},[57,119037,1380],{"class":93},[57,119039,104],{"class":71},[57,119041,83587],{"class":75},[57,119043,104],{"class":71},[57,119045,107],{"class":93},[57,119047,72],{"class":71},[57,119049,836],{"class":75},[57,119051,104],{"class":71},[57,119053,107],{"class":93},[57,119055,72],{"class":71},[57,119057,119058],{"class":75},"Cherry",[57,119060,104],{"class":71},[57,119062,288],{"class":93},[57,119064,119065],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119066,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,119068,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,119070,2463],{"class":63},[57,119072,68],{"class":67},[57,119074,74785],{"class":118},[57,119076,101],{"class":93},[57,119078,4345],{"class":97},[57,119080,107],{"class":93},[57,119082,21815],{"class":9411},[57,119084,68],{"class":67},[57,119086,3676],{"class":1256},[57,119088,94],{"class":93},[57,119090,8876],{"class":24987},[57,119092,112],{"class":93},[57,119094,119095,119097,119099,119101],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,119096,119],{"class":118},[57,119098,101],{"class":93},[57,119100,2498],{"class":97},[57,119102,112],{"class":93},[20,119104,243],{},[48,119106,119108],{"className":50,"code":119107,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119109,119110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119111,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119113,258],{"class":93},[57,119115,261],{"class":71},[57,119117,836],{"class":75},[57,119119,261],{"class":71},[57,119121,107],{"class":93},[57,119123,271],{"class":71},[57,119125,83587],{"class":75},[57,119127,261],{"class":71},[57,119129,107],{"class":93},[57,119131,271],{"class":71},[57,119133,119058],{"class":75},[57,119135,261],{"class":71},[57,119137,288],{"class":93},[20,119139,119140,119141,35568,119143,94],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119142,42601],{},[293,119144,3809,119145,3742],{"href":42598},[15,119146,42601],{},[43,119148,119150,577,119152],{"id":119149},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119151,74651],{},[15,119153,78093],{},[20,119155,119156],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,119158,119159,119164],{},[33,119160,119161,119163],{},[15,119162,74651],{}," returns a new list",[33,119165,119166,74189],{},[15,119167,78093],{},[20,119169,119170],{},"Also:",[30,119172,119173,119178],{},[33,119174,119175,119177],{},[15,119176,74651],{}," works with many iterables",[33,119179,119180,79524],{},[15,119181,78093],{},[20,119183,136,119184,10835],{},[15,119185,74651],{},[30,119187,119188,119191],{},[33,119189,119190],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,119192,119193],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119195,119196,119197,94],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[293,119198,3809,119199,577,119201,6016],{"href":79350},[15,119200,74651],{},[15,119202,78093],{},[43,119204,119206],{"id":119205},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119208,119209,119210,94],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119211,74651],{},[572,119213,119215],{"id":119214},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119217,119218,119219,1016],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119220,3241],{},[48,119222,119224],{"className":50,"code":119223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119225,119226,119250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119227,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119229,4057],{"class":63},[57,119231,68],{"class":67},[57,119233,1380],{"class":93},[57,119235,3224],{"class":1023},[57,119237,107],{"class":93},[57,119239,72],{"class":71},[57,119241,1931],{"class":75},[57,119243,104],{"class":71},[57,119245,107],{"class":93},[57,119247,2686],{"class":1023},[57,119249,288],{"class":93},[57,119251,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119253,119],{"class":118},[57,119255,101],{"class":93},[57,119257,74741],{"class":118},[57,119259,101],{"class":93},[57,119261,5591],{"class":97},[57,119263,640],{"class":93},[20,119265,119266],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[572,119268,119270,119271,2537],{"id":119269},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119272,15073],{},[20,119274,119275],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119277,179],{},[48,119279,119281],{"className":50,"code":119280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119282,119283,119303],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119284,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119286,3853],{"class":63},[57,119288,68],{"class":67},[57,119290,1380],{"class":93},[57,119292,941],{"class":1023},[57,119294,107],{"class":93},[57,119296,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119298,107],{"class":93},[57,119300,8030],{"class":1023},[57,119302,288],{"class":93},[57,119304,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119306,119],{"class":118},[57,119308,101],{"class":93},[57,119310,74741],{"class":118},[57,119312,101],{"class":93},[57,119314,3883],{"class":97},[57,119316,107],{"class":93},[57,119318,21815],{"class":9411},[57,119320,68],{"class":67},[57,119322,2009],{"class":118},[57,119324,640],{"class":93},[20,119326,48747,119327,119329],{},[15,119328,42601],{}," does not work on integers.",[572,119331,119333],{"id":119332},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119335,119336],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,119338,119340],{"className":50,"code":119339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119341,119342,119362,119372,119376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119343,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354,119356,119358,119360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119345,3853],{"class":63},[57,119347,68],{"class":67},[57,119349,1380],{"class":93},[57,119351,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119353,107],{"class":93},[57,119355,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119357,107],{"class":93},[57,119359,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119361,288],{"class":93},[57,119363,119364,119366,119368,119370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119365,74741],{"class":118},[57,119367,101],{"class":93},[57,119369,3883],{"class":97},[57,119371,112],{"class":93},[57,119373,119374],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,119375,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,119377,119378,119380,119382,119384],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,119379,119],{"class":118},[57,119381,101],{"class":93},[57,119383,3883],{"class":97},[57,119385,112],{"class":93},[20,119387,243],{},[48,119389,119391],{"className":50,"code":119390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119392,119393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119394,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119396,258],{"class":93},[57,119398,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119400,107],{"class":93},[57,119402,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119404,107],{"class":93},[57,119406,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119408,288],{"class":93},[20,119410,119411],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[43,119413,1673],{"id":1672},[30,119415,119416,119420,119423,119428,119432],{},[33,119417,4812,119418,74189],{},[15,119419,74651],{},[33,119421,119422],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,119424,4937,119425,119427],{},[15,119426,74651],{}," always returns a list",[33,119429,425,119430,23340],{},[15,119431,118880],{},[33,119433,29888,119434,119436,119437],{},[15,119435,64542],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119438,74651],{},[20,119440,119441],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[48,119443,119445],{"className":50,"code":119444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119446,119447,119469,119495,119533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119448,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119450,119],{"class":118},[57,119452,101],{"class":93},[57,119454,74741],{"class":118},[57,119456,3221],{"class":93},[57,119458,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119460,107],{"class":93},[57,119462,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119464,107],{"class":93},[57,119466,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119468,3235],{"class":93},[57,119470,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119472,119],{"class":118},[57,119474,101],{"class":93},[57,119476,1257],{"class":1256},[57,119478,101],{"class":93},[57,119480,74741],{"class":118},[57,119482,5743],{"class":93},[57,119484,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119486,107],{"class":93},[57,119488,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119490,107],{"class":93},[57,119492,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119494,93588],{"class":93},[57,119496,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,119498,119],{"class":118},[57,119500,101],{"class":93},[57,119502,74741],{"class":118},[57,119504,3221],{"class":93},[57,119506,261],{"class":71},[57,119508,83587],{"class":75},[57,119510,261],{"class":71},[57,119512,107],{"class":93},[57,119514,271],{"class":71},[57,119516,836],{"class":75},[57,119518,261],{"class":71},[57,119520,18296],{"class":93},[57,119522,21815],{"class":9411},[57,119524,68],{"class":67},[57,119526,3676],{"class":1256},[57,119528,94],{"class":93},[57,119530,8876],{"class":24987},[57,119532,640],{"class":93},[57,119534,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,119536,119],{"class":118},[57,119538,101],{"class":93},[57,119540,74741],{"class":118},[57,119542,3221],{"class":93},[57,119544,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119546,107],{"class":93},[57,119548,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119550,107],{"class":93},[57,119552,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119554,18296],{"class":93},[57,119556,78296],{"class":9411},[57,119558,68],{"class":67},[57,119560,3838],{"class":4085},[57,119562,640],{"class":93},[20,119564,119565,119566,94],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[293,119567,53006],{"href":51214},[43,119569,2075],{"id":2074},[572,119571,2099,119573,57398],{"id":119572},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119574,74651],{},[20,119576,119577],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[572,119579,2112,119581,12947],{"id":119580},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119582,74651],{},[20,119584,119585],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[572,119587,119589,119590,11325,119592,2085],{"id":119588},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119591,74651],{},[15,119593,78093],{},[20,119595,136,119596,119598],{},[15,119597,74651],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[572,119600,2112,119602,86673,119604,2085],{"id":119601},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119603,118880],{},[15,119605,74651],{},[20,119607,119608],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[572,119610,5390,119612,119614,119615,2085],{"id":119611},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119613,74651],{}," give a ",[15,119616,3241],{},[20,119618,119619],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[43,119621,2132],{"id":2131},[30,119623,119624,119628,119636,119640,119646,119652],{},[33,119625,119626],{},[293,119627,80097],{"href":78602},[33,119629,119630],{},[293,119631,3809,119632,577,119634,6016],{"href":79350},[15,119633,74651],{},[15,119635,78093],{},[33,119637,119638],{},[293,119639,53006],{"href":51214},[33,119641,119642],{},[293,119643,3809,119644,3742],{"href":42598},[15,119645,42601],{},[33,119647,119648],{},[293,119649,3809,119650,3742],{"href":92244},[15,119651,35988],{},[33,119653,119654],{},[293,119655,3809,119656,3742],{"href":36435},[15,119657,36438],{},[2161,119659,119660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":119662},[119663,119664,119666,119669,119670,119677,119679,119681,119683,119689,119690,119702],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":117943,"depth":82,"text":119665},"What sorted() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":119667},[119668],{"id":17628,"depth":115,"text":17629},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":118182,"depth":82,"text":118183,"children":119671},[119672,119673,119674,119675,119676],{"id":1188,"depth":115,"text":118191},{"id":49189,"depth":115,"text":118255},{"id":6521,"depth":115,"text":118352},{"id":310,"depth":115,"text":118416},{"id":15837,"depth":115,"text":29461},{"id":118621,"depth":82,"text":119678},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118877,"depth":82,"text":119680},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119149,"depth":82,"text":119682},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119205,"depth":82,"text":119206,"children":119684},[119685,119686,119688],{"id":119214,"depth":115,"text":119215},{"id":119269,"depth":115,"text":119687},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119332,"depth":115,"text":119333},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":119691},[119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"id":119572,"depth":115,"text":119693},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119580,"depth":115,"text":119695},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119588,"depth":115,"text":119697},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119601,"depth":115,"text":119699},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119611,"depth":115,"text":119701},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117845,"description":119703},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119710,"title":119711,"body":119712,"description":121821,"extension":2201,"meta":121822,"navigation":217,"path":79350,"seo":121823,"stem":121824,"__hash__":121825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119713,"toc":121768},[119714,119721,119724,119734,119740,119743,119761,119769,119771,119830,119838,119842,119864,119868,119872,119874,119889,119891,119903,119909,119993,119997,120044,120050,120057,120061,120066,120068,120080,120085,120138,120142,120162,120169,120176,120180,120183,120202,120206,120320,120324,120394,120396,120408,120413,120417,120430,120434,120509,120513,120552,120559,120565,120570,120574,120588,120592,120657,120661,120694,120697,120702,120710,120717,120730,120733,120737,120820,120824,120861,120865,120968,120972,121033,121038,121045,121049,121052,121058,121061,121128,121132,121156,121158,121176,121183,121236,121240,121260,121266,121268,121325,121332,121358,121363,121368,121376,121382,121442,121446,121493,121496,121498,121501,121527,121530,121623,121625,121645,121649,121652,121670,121676,121678,121686,121691,121698,121701,121707,121710,121716,121724,121732,121737,121739,121765],[10,119715,3809,119717,577,119719,93302],{"id":119716},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119718,74651],{},[15,119720,78093],{},[20,119722,119723],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119725,119726,119730],{},[33,119727,119728],{},[15,119729,74651],{},[33,119731,119732],{},[15,119733,78093],{},[20,119735,119736,119737,119739],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[153,119738,175],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119741,119742],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119744,119745,119753],{},[33,119746,136,119747,119749,119750],{},[15,119748,74651],{}," when you want a ",[153,119751,119752],{},"new sorted result",[33,119754,136,119755,119757,119758],{},[15,119756,78093],{}," when you want to ",[153,119759,119760],{},"change the original list",[20,119762,119763,119764,2631,119766,119768],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119765,78093],{},[15,119767,4012],{}," and causes confusion.",[43,119770,3843],{"id":3842},[48,119772,119774],{"className":50,"code":119773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119775,119776,119796,119800,119817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119777,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119779,3853],{"class":63},[57,119781,68],{"class":67},[57,119783,1380],{"class":93},[57,119785,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119787,107],{"class":93},[57,119789,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119791,107],{"class":93},[57,119793,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119795,288],{"class":93},[57,119797,119798],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119799,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,119801,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,119803,56125],{"class":63},[57,119805,68],{"class":67},[57,119807,74785],{"class":118},[57,119809,101],{"class":93},[57,119811,3883],{"class":97},[57,119813,3896],{"class":93},[57,119815,119816],{"class":132},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[57,119818,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,119820,3883],{"class":63},[57,119822,94],{"class":93},[57,119824,35037],{"class":97},[57,119826,7600],{"class":93},[57,119828,119829],{"class":132},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119831,136,119832,119834,119835,119837],{},[15,119833,74651],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119836,78093],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[43,119839,119841],{"id":119840},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119843,119844,119849,119854,119861],{},[33,119845,136,119846,119848],{},[15,119847,74651],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119850,136,119851,119853],{},[15,119852,78093],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119855,119856,119857,2631,119859],{},"Understand why ",[15,119858,78093],{},[15,119860,4012],{},[33,119862,119863],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[43,119865,143,119866,146],{"id":117943},[15,119867,74651],{},[20,119869,119870,63156],{},[15,119871,74651],{},[20,119873,158],{},[30,119875,119876,119881,119886],{},[33,119877,166,119878],{},[153,119879,119880],{},"new list",[33,119882,172,119883,119885],{},[153,119884,175],{}," change the original data",[33,119887,119888],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119890,51368],{},[30,119892,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901],{},[33,119894,5532],{},[33,119896,5535],{},[33,119898,5541],{},[33,119900,5538],{},[33,119902,36149],{},[572,119904,35316,119906,119908],{"id":119905},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119907,74651],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[48,119910,119912],{"className":50,"code":119911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119913,119914,119934,119938,119952,119956,119974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119915,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119917,3853],{"class":63},[57,119919,68],{"class":67},[57,119921,1380],{"class":93},[57,119923,2299],{"class":1023},[57,119925,107],{"class":93},[57,119927,1143],{"class":1023},[57,119929,107],{"class":93},[57,119931,1024],{"class":1023},[57,119933,288],{"class":93},[57,119935,119936],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,119937,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,119941,2463],{"class":63},[57,119943,68],{"class":67},[57,119945,74785],{"class":118},[57,119947,101],{"class":93},[57,119949,3883],{"class":97},[57,119951,112],{"class":93},[57,119953,119954],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,119955,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,119957,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,119959,119],{"class":118},[57,119961,101],{"class":93},[57,119963,104],{"class":71},[57,119965,12386],{"class":75},[57,119967,104],{"class":71},[57,119969,107],{"class":93},[57,119971,4495],{"class":97},[57,119973,112],{"class":93},[57,119975,119976,119978,119980,119982,119985,119987,119989,119991],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,119977,119],{"class":118},[57,119979,101],{"class":93},[57,119981,104],{"class":71},[57,119983,119984],{"class":75},"sorted result:",[57,119986,104],{"class":71},[57,119988,107],{"class":93},[57,119990,81441],{"class":97},[57,119992,112],{"class":93},[20,119994,119995],{},[153,119996,243],{},[48,119998,120000],{"className":50,"code":119999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120001,120002,120022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120003,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120005,12365],{"class":63},[57,120007,1016],{"class":93},[57,120009,1380],{"class":93},[57,120011,2299],{"class":1023},[57,120013,107],{"class":93},[57,120015,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120017,107],{"class":93},[57,120019,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120021,288],{"class":93},[57,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120025,74741],{"class":118},[57,120027,81441],{"class":63},[57,120029,1016],{"class":93},[57,120031,1380],{"class":93},[57,120033,3224],{"class":1023},[57,120035,107],{"class":93},[57,120037,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120039,107],{"class":93},[57,120041,2686],{"class":1023},[57,120043,288],{"class":93},[20,120045,120046,120047,120049],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120048,3883],{}," stays the same.",[20,120051,120052,120053,94],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[293,120054,3809,120055,3742],{"href":74748},[15,120056,74651],{},[43,120058,143,120059,146],{"id":78159},[15,120060,78093],{},[20,120062,120063,120065],{},[15,120064,64542],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120067,158],{},[30,120069,120070,120073,120076],{},[33,120071,120072],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,120074,120075],{},"only works on lists",[33,120077,3926,120078],{},[15,120079,4012],{},[572,120081,35316,120083,74189],{"id":120082},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120084,78093],{},[48,120086,120088],{"className":50,"code":120087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120089,120090,120110,120114,120124,120128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120091,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120093,3853],{"class":63},[57,120095,68],{"class":67},[57,120097,1380],{"class":93},[57,120099,2299],{"class":1023},[57,120101,107],{"class":93},[57,120103,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120105,107],{"class":93},[57,120107,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120109,288],{"class":93},[57,120111,120112],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120113,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120115,120116,120118,120120,120122],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120117,3883],{"class":63},[57,120119,94],{"class":93},[57,120121,35037],{"class":97},[57,120123,212],{"class":93},[57,120125,120126],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120127,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120129,120130,120132,120134,120136],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120131,119],{"class":118},[57,120133,101],{"class":93},[57,120135,3883],{"class":97},[57,120137,112],{"class":93},[20,120139,120140],{},[153,120141,243],{},[48,120143,120144],{"className":50,"code":55385,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,120145,120146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120147,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120149,258],{"class":93},[57,120151,3224],{"class":1023},[57,120153,107],{"class":93},[57,120155,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120157,107],{"class":93},[57,120159,2686],{"class":1023},[57,120161,288],{"class":93},[20,120163,120164,120165,120168],{},"After calling ",[15,120166,120167],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120170,120171,120172,94],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[293,120173,3809,120174,742],{"href":75002},[15,120175,78093],{},[43,120177,120179],{"id":120178},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120181,120182],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,120184,120185,120194],{},[33,120186,120187,120190,120191],{},[15,120188,120189],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[153,120192,120193],{},"new sorted list",[33,120195,120196,120199,120200,74559],{},[15,120197,120198],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120201,8574],{},[572,120203,120205],{"id":120204},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[48,120207,120209],{"className":50,"code":120208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120210,120211,120231,120235,120249,120268,120287,120291,120301],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120212,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120214,3853],{"class":63},[57,120216,68],{"class":67},[57,120218,1380],{"class":93},[57,120220,2372],{"class":1023},[57,120222,107],{"class":93},[57,120224,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120226,107],{"class":93},[57,120228,2692],{"class":1023},[57,120230,288],{"class":93},[57,120232,120233],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120234,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120236,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120238,2790],{"class":63},[57,120240,68],{"class":67},[57,120242,74785],{"class":118},[57,120244,101],{"class":93},[57,120246,3883],{"class":97},[57,120248,112],{"class":93},[57,120250,120251,120253,120255,120257,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120252,119],{"class":118},[57,120254,101],{"class":93},[57,120256,104],{"class":71},[57,120258,120259],{"class":75},"numbers after sorted():",[57,120261,104],{"class":71},[57,120263,107],{"class":93},[57,120265,4495],{"class":97},[57,120267,112],{"class":93},[57,120269,120270,120272,120274,120276,120279,120281,120283,120285],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120271,119],{"class":118},[57,120273,101],{"class":93},[57,120275,104],{"class":71},[57,120277,120278],{"class":75},"a:",[57,120280,104],{"class":71},[57,120282,107],{"class":93},[57,120284,57122],{"class":97},[57,120286,112],{"class":93},[57,120288,120289],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,120290,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,120294,3883],{"class":63},[57,120296,94],{"class":93},[57,120298,35037],{"class":97},[57,120300,212],{"class":93},[57,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309,120312,120314,120316,120318],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,120304,119],{"class":118},[57,120306,101],{"class":93},[57,120308,104],{"class":71},[57,120310,120311],{"class":75},"numbers after sort():",[57,120313,104],{"class":71},[57,120315,107],{"class":93},[57,120317,4495],{"class":97},[57,120319,112],{"class":93},[20,120321,120322],{},[153,120323,243],{},[48,120325,120327],{"className":50,"code":120326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120328,120329,120352,120372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120330,120331,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120332,120333],{"class":63},"numbers after ",[57,120335,74741],{"class":118},[57,120337,29822],{"class":93},[57,120339,1380],{"class":93},[57,120341,2372],{"class":1023},[57,120343,107],{"class":93},[57,120345,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120347,107],{"class":93},[57,120349,2692],{"class":1023},[57,120351,288],{"class":93},[57,120353,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120355,293],{"class":63},[57,120357,1016],{"class":93},[57,120359,1380],{"class":93},[57,120361,1931],{"class":1023},[57,120363,107],{"class":93},[57,120365,2692],{"class":1023},[57,120367,107],{"class":93},[57,120369,4838],{"class":1023},[57,120371,288],{"class":93},[57,120373,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120375,120333],{"class":63},[57,120377,35037],{"class":97},[57,120379,29822],{"class":93},[57,120381,1380],{"class":93},[57,120383,1931],{"class":1023},[57,120385,107],{"class":93},[57,120387,2692],{"class":1023},[57,120389,107],{"class":93},[57,120391,4838],{"class":1023},[57,120393,288],{"class":93},[20,120395,10947],{},[30,120397,120398,120403],{},[33,120399,120400,120402],{},[15,120401,74651],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,120404,120405,120407],{},[15,120406,64542],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[43,120409,1637,120411],{"id":120410},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120412,74651],{},[20,120414,136,120415,10835],{},[15,120416,74651],{},[30,120418,120419,120422,120424,120427],{},[33,120420,120421],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,120423,119193],{},[33,120425,120426],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,120428,120429],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[572,120431,120433],{"id":120432},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[48,120435,120437],{"className":50,"code":120436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120438,120439,120463,120467,120481,120485,120495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120440,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120442,3853],{"class":63},[57,120444,68],{"class":67},[57,120446,9472],{"class":93},[57,120448,2740],{"class":1023},[57,120450,107],{"class":93},[57,120452,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120454,107],{"class":93},[57,120456,2686],{"class":1023},[57,120458,107],{"class":93},[57,120460,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120462,112],{"class":93},[57,120464,120465],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120466,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120468,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120470,2463],{"class":63},[57,120472,68],{"class":67},[57,120474,74785],{"class":118},[57,120476,101],{"class":93},[57,120478,3883],{"class":97},[57,120480,112],{"class":93},[57,120482,120483],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120484,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120486,120487,120489,120491,120493],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120488,119],{"class":118},[57,120490,101],{"class":93},[57,120492,2498],{"class":97},[57,120494,112],{"class":93},[57,120496,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,120498,119],{"class":118},[57,120500,101],{"class":93},[57,120502,1257],{"class":1256},[57,120504,101],{"class":93},[57,120506,2498],{"class":97},[57,120508,640],{"class":93},[20,120510,120511],{},[153,120512,243],{},[48,120514,120516],{"className":50,"code":120515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120517,120518,120538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120521,258],{"class":93},[57,120523,3224],{"class":1023},[57,120525,107],{"class":93},[57,120527,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120529,107],{"class":93},[57,120531,2686],{"class":1023},[57,120533,107],{"class":93},[57,120535,2692],{"class":1023},[57,120537,288],{"class":93},[57,120539,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120541,1323],{"class":67},[57,120543,1327],{"class":1326},[57,120545,271],{"class":71},[57,120547,1188],{"class":75},[57,120549,261],{"class":71},[57,120551,1336],{"class":67},[20,120553,2520,120554,120556,120557,94],{},[15,120555,74651],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[153,120558,1188],{},[20,120560,120561,120562,120564],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[293,120563,53006],{"href":51214}," is a helpful next step.",[43,120566,1637,120568],{"id":120567},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120569,78093],{},[20,120571,136,120572,10835],{},[15,120573,78093],{},[30,120575,120576,120579,120582,120585],{},[33,120577,120578],{},"you already have a list",[33,120580,120581],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120583,120584],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120586,120587],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[572,120589,120591],{"id":120590},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[48,120593,120595],{"className":50,"code":120594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120596,120597,120629,120633,120643,120647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120598,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120600,5227],{"class":63},[57,120602,68],{"class":67},[57,120604,1380],{"class":93},[57,120606,104],{"class":71},[57,120608,5254],{"class":75},[57,120610,104],{"class":71},[57,120612,107],{"class":93},[57,120614,72],{"class":71},[57,120616,5236],{"class":75},[57,120618,104],{"class":71},[57,120620,107],{"class":93},[57,120622,72],{"class":71},[57,120624,5245],{"class":75},[57,120626,104],{"class":71},[57,120628,288],{"class":93},[57,120630,120631],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120632,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120636,5271],{"class":63},[57,120638,94],{"class":93},[57,120640,35037],{"class":97},[57,120642,212],{"class":93},[57,120644,120645],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120646,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120648,120649,120651,120653,120655],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120650,119],{"class":118},[57,120652,101],{"class":93},[57,120654,5271],{"class":97},[57,120656,112],{"class":93},[20,120658,120659],{},[153,120660,243],{},[48,120662,120664],{"className":50,"code":120663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120665,120666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120667,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120669,258],{"class":93},[57,120671,261],{"class":71},[57,120673,5236],{"class":75},[57,120675,261],{"class":71},[57,120677,107],{"class":93},[57,120679,271],{"class":71},[57,120681,5245],{"class":75},[57,120683,261],{"class":71},[57,120685,107],{"class":93},[57,120687,271],{"class":71},[57,120689,5254],{"class":75},[57,120691,261],{"class":71},[57,120693,288],{"class":93},[20,120695,120696],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120698,120699,120700,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[293,120701,80097],{"href":78602},[43,120703,120705,2082,120707,120709],{"id":120704},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120706,73804],{},[15,120708,15073],{}," work with both",[20,120711,10824,120712,2082,120714,120716],{},[15,120713,74651],{},[15,120715,78093],{}," support:",[30,120718,120719,120724],{},[33,120720,120721,120723],{},[15,120722,78317],{}," for descending order",[33,120725,120726,120729],{},[15,120727,120728],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120731,120732],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[572,120734,120736],{"id":120735},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[48,120738,120740],{"className":50,"code":120739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120741,120742,120762,120766,120788,120792,120810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120743,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120745,3853],{"class":63},[57,120747,68],{"class":67},[57,120749,1380],{"class":93},[57,120751,2299],{"class":1023},[57,120753,107],{"class":93},[57,120755,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120757,107],{"class":93},[57,120759,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120761,288],{"class":93},[57,120763,120764],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120765,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120767,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120769,119],{"class":118},[57,120771,101],{"class":93},[57,120773,74741],{"class":118},[57,120775,101],{"class":93},[57,120777,3883],{"class":97},[57,120779,107],{"class":93},[57,120781,78296],{"class":9411},[57,120783,68],{"class":67},[57,120785,3838],{"class":4085},[57,120787,640],{"class":93},[57,120789,120790],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120791,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120793,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120795,3883],{"class":63},[57,120797,94],{"class":93},[57,120799,35037],{"class":97},[57,120801,101],{"class":93},[57,120803,73804],{"class":9411},[57,120805,68],{"class":67},[57,120807,3838],{"class":4085},[57,120809,112],{"class":93},[57,120811,120812,120814,120816,120818],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,120813,119],{"class":118},[57,120815,101],{"class":93},[57,120817,3883],{"class":97},[57,120819,112],{"class":93},[20,120821,120822],{},[153,120823,243],{},[48,120825,120827],{"className":50,"code":120826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120828,120829,120845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120830,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120832,258],{"class":93},[57,120834,2299],{"class":1023},[57,120836,107],{"class":93},[57,120838,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120840,107],{"class":93},[57,120842,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120844,288],{"class":93},[57,120846,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120848,258],{"class":93},[57,120850,2299],{"class":1023},[57,120852,107],{"class":93},[57,120854,1024],{"class":1023},[57,120856,107],{"class":93},[57,120858,1143],{"class":1023},[57,120860,288],{"class":93},[572,120862,120864],{"id":120863},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[48,120866,120868],{"className":50,"code":120867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120869,120870,120902,120906,120932,120936,120958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120873,4304],{"class":63},[57,120875,68],{"class":67},[57,120877,1380],{"class":93},[57,120879,104],{"class":71},[57,120881,83587],{"class":75},[57,120883,104],{"class":71},[57,120885,107],{"class":93},[57,120887,72],{"class":71},[57,120889,836],{"class":75},[57,120891,104],{"class":71},[57,120893,107],{"class":93},[57,120895,72],{"class":71},[57,120897,119058],{"class":75},[57,120899,104],{"class":71},[57,120901,288],{"class":93},[57,120903,120904],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,120905,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,120909,119],{"class":118},[57,120911,101],{"class":93},[57,120913,74741],{"class":118},[57,120915,101],{"class":93},[57,120917,4345],{"class":97},[57,120919,107],{"class":93},[57,120921,21815],{"class":9411},[57,120923,68],{"class":67},[57,120925,3676],{"class":1256},[57,120927,94],{"class":93},[57,120929,8876],{"class":24987},[57,120931,640],{"class":93},[57,120933,120934],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,120935,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,120937,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,120939,4345],{"class":63},[57,120941,94],{"class":93},[57,120943,35037],{"class":97},[57,120945,101],{"class":93},[57,120947,15073],{"class":9411},[57,120949,68],{"class":67},[57,120951,3676],{"class":1256},[57,120953,94],{"class":93},[57,120955,8876],{"class":24987},[57,120957,112],{"class":93},[57,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,120961,119],{"class":118},[57,120963,101],{"class":93},[57,120965,4345],{"class":97},[57,120967,112],{"class":93},[20,120969,120970],{},[153,120971,243],{},[48,120973,120975],{"className":50,"code":120974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120976,120977,121005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120978,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120980,258],{"class":93},[57,120982,261],{"class":71},[57,120984,836],{"class":75},[57,120986,261],{"class":71},[57,120988,107],{"class":93},[57,120990,271],{"class":71},[57,120992,83587],{"class":75},[57,120994,261],{"class":71},[57,120996,107],{"class":93},[57,120998,271],{"class":71},[57,121000,119058],{"class":75},[57,121002,261],{"class":71},[57,121004,288],{"class":93},[57,121006,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121008,258],{"class":93},[57,121010,261],{"class":71},[57,121012,836],{"class":75},[57,121014,261],{"class":71},[57,121016,107],{"class":93},[57,121018,271],{"class":71},[57,121020,83587],{"class":75},[57,121022,261],{"class":71},[57,121024,107],{"class":93},[57,121026,271],{"class":71},[57,121028,119058],{"class":75},[57,121030,261],{"class":71},[57,121032,288],{"class":93},[20,121034,425,121035,121037],{},[15,121036,78810],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121039,121040,121041,94],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[293,121042,121044],{"href":121043},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[43,121046,121048],{"id":121047},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121050,121051],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[572,121053,121055,121056,12829],{"id":121054},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121057,78093],{},[20,121059,121060],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[48,121062,121064],{"className":50,"code":121063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121065,121066,121086,121090,121104,121108,121118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121069,3853],{"class":63},[57,121071,68],{"class":67},[57,121073,1380],{"class":93},[57,121075,2299],{"class":1023},[57,121077,107],{"class":93},[57,121079,1143],{"class":1023},[57,121081,107],{"class":93},[57,121083,1024],{"class":1023},[57,121085,288],{"class":93},[57,121087,121088],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121089,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121091,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121093,2463],{"class":63},[57,121095,68],{"class":67},[57,121097,4495],{"class":63},[57,121099,94],{"class":93},[57,121101,35037],{"class":97},[57,121103,212],{"class":93},[57,121105,121106],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121107,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121111,119],{"class":118},[57,121113,101],{"class":93},[57,121115,2498],{"class":97},[57,121117,112],{"class":93},[57,121119,121120,121122,121124,121126],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,121121,119],{"class":118},[57,121123,101],{"class":93},[57,121125,3883],{"class":97},[57,121127,112],{"class":93},[20,121129,121130],{},[153,121131,243],{},[48,121133,121134],{"className":50,"code":79433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,121135,121136,121140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121137,121138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121139,12040],{"class":4085},[57,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121152,121154],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121143,258],{"class":93},[57,121145,3224],{"class":1023},[57,121147,107],{"class":93},[57,121149,1024],{"class":1023},[57,121151,107],{"class":93},[57,121153,2686],{"class":1023},[57,121155,288],{"class":93},[20,121157,12132],{},[30,121159,121160,121165,121170],{},[33,121161,121162,121164],{},[15,121163,120167],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,121166,35253,121167,121169],{},[153,121168,175],{}," return the sorted list",[33,121171,90208,121172,42395,121174],{},[15,121173,2498],{},[15,121175,4012],{},[572,121177,121179,121180,121182],{"id":121178},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121181,74651],{}," to change the original list",[48,121184,121186],{"className":50,"code":121185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121187,121188,121208,121212,121222,121226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121191,3853],{"class":63},[57,121193,68],{"class":67},[57,121195,1380],{"class":93},[57,121197,2299],{"class":1023},[57,121199,107],{"class":93},[57,121201,1143],{"class":1023},[57,121203,107],{"class":93},[57,121205,1024],{"class":1023},[57,121207,288],{"class":93},[57,121209,121210],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121211,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121213,121214,121216,121218,121220],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121215,74741],{"class":118},[57,121217,101],{"class":93},[57,121219,3883],{"class":97},[57,121221,112],{"class":93},[57,121223,121224],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121225,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121227,121228,121230,121232,121234],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121229,119],{"class":118},[57,121231,101],{"class":93},[57,121233,3883],{"class":97},[57,121235,112],{"class":93},[20,121237,121238],{},[153,121239,243],{},[48,121241,121242],{"className":50,"code":119390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,121243,121244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121245,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121247,258],{"class":93},[57,121249,2299],{"class":1023},[57,121251,107],{"class":93},[57,121253,1143],{"class":1023},[57,121255,107],{"class":93},[57,121257,1024],{"class":1023},[57,121259,288],{"class":93},[20,121261,121262,121265],{},[15,121263,121264],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121267,1783],{},[48,121269,121271],{"className":50,"code":121270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121272,121273,121293,121297,121311,121315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121274,121275,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287,121289,121291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121276,3853],{"class":63},[57,121278,68],{"class":67},[57,121280,1380],{"class":93},[57,121282,2299],{"class":1023},[57,121284,107],{"class":93},[57,121286,1143],{"class":1023},[57,121288,107],{"class":93},[57,121290,1024],{"class":1023},[57,121292,288],{"class":93},[57,121294,121295],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121296,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121298,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121300,55877],{"class":63},[57,121302,68],{"class":67},[57,121304,74785],{"class":118},[57,121306,101],{"class":93},[57,121308,3883],{"class":97},[57,121310,112],{"class":93},[57,121312,121313],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121314,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121318,119],{"class":118},[57,121320,101],{"class":93},[57,121322,55896],{"class":97},[57,121324,112],{"class":93},[572,121326,121328,121329,121331],{"id":121327},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121330,64542],{}," on a tuple or string",[48,121333,121334],{"className":50,"code":79534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,121335,121336,121348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121337,121338,121340,121342,121344,121346],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121339,64],{"class":63},[57,121341,68],{"class":67},[57,121343,72],{"class":71},[57,121345,52],{"class":75},[57,121347,79],{"class":71},[57,121349,121350,121352,121354,121356],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121351,227],{"class":63},[57,121353,94],{"class":93},[57,121355,35037],{"class":97},[57,121357,212],{"class":93},[20,121359,121360,121361,33841],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121362,64542],{},[20,121364,121365,121367],{},[15,121366,64542],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121369,121370,121371,121373,121374,94],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121372,74651],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[293,121375,5369],{"href":5819},[572,121377,121379,121380,119427],{"id":121378},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121381,74651],{},[48,121383,121385],{"className":50,"code":121384,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121386,121387,121400,121414,121418,121428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121388,121389,121391,121393,121395,121398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121390,64],{"class":63},[57,121392,68],{"class":67},[57,121394,72],{"class":71},[57,121396,121397],{"class":75},"cab",[57,121399,79],{"class":71},[57,121401,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121403,2463],{"class":63},[57,121405,68],{"class":67},[57,121407,74785],{"class":118},[57,121409,101],{"class":93},[57,121411,227],{"class":97},[57,121413,112],{"class":93},[57,121415,121416],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121417,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121419,121420,121422,121424,121426],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121421,119],{"class":118},[57,121423,101],{"class":93},[57,121425,2498],{"class":97},[57,121427,112],{"class":93},[57,121429,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121431,119],{"class":118},[57,121433,101],{"class":93},[57,121435,1257],{"class":1256},[57,121437,101],{"class":93},[57,121439,2498],{"class":97},[57,121441,640],{"class":93},[20,121443,121444],{},[153,121445,243],{},[48,121447,121449],{"className":50,"code":121448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121450,121451,121479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121452,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463,121465,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475,121477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121454,258],{"class":93},[57,121456,261],{"class":71},[57,121458,293],{"class":75},[57,121460,261],{"class":71},[57,121462,107],{"class":93},[57,121464,271],{"class":71},[57,121466,664],{"class":75},[57,121468,261],{"class":71},[57,121470,107],{"class":93},[57,121472,271],{"class":71},[57,121474,673],{"class":75},[57,121476,261],{"class":71},[57,121478,288],{"class":93},[57,121480,121481,121483,121485,121487,121489,121491],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121482,1323],{"class":67},[57,121484,1327],{"class":1326},[57,121486,271],{"class":71},[57,121488,1188],{"class":75},[57,121490,261],{"class":71},[57,121492,1336],{"class":67},[20,121494,121495],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[43,121497,113948],{"id":113947},[20,121499,121500],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121502,121503,121506,121511,121516,121522],{},[33,121504,121505],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121507,121508,121509,53879],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121510,64542],{},[33,121512,121513,121514,12829],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121515,78093],{},[33,121517,121518,121519,121521],{},"trying to use ",[15,121520,64542],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121523,1681,121524,121526],{},[15,121525,74651],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121528,121529],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,121531,121533],{"className":50,"code":121532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121534,121535,121545,121559,121584,121599,121609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121536,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121538,119],{"class":118},[57,121540,101],{"class":93},[57,121542,8574],{"class":97},[57,121544,112],{"class":93},[57,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121548,119],{"class":118},[57,121550,101],{"class":93},[57,121552,74741],{"class":118},[57,121554,101],{"class":93},[57,121556,8574],{"class":97},[57,121558,640],{"class":93},[57,121560,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569,121571,121573,121576,121578,121580,121582],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121562,2463],{"class":63},[57,121564,68],{"class":67},[57,121566,8631],{"class":63},[57,121568,94],{"class":93},[57,121570,35037],{"class":97},[57,121572,7600],{"class":93},[57,121574,121575],{"class":63},"; ",[57,121577,119],{"class":118},[57,121579,101],{"class":93},[57,121581,2498],{"class":97},[57,121583,112],{"class":93},[57,121585,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121597],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121587,119],{"class":118},[57,121589,101],{"class":93},[57,121591,1257],{"class":1256},[57,121593,101],{"class":93},[57,121595,121596],{"class":97},"my_data",[57,121598,640],{"class":93},[57,121600,121601,121603,121605,121607],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121602,32392],{"class":118},[57,121604,101],{"class":93},[57,121606,74741],{"class":118},[57,121608,112],{"class":93},[57,121610,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,121612,32392],{"class":118},[57,121614,101],{"class":93},[57,121616,1188],{"class":1256},[57,121618,94],{"class":93},[57,121620,35037],{"class":24987},[57,121622,112],{"class":93},[20,121624,84596],{},[30,121626,121627,121630,121634,121642],{},[33,121628,121629],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121631,26257,121632,1179],{},[15,121633,74651],{},[33,121635,121636,121637,121639,121640],{},"whether ",[15,121638,64542],{}," returned ",[15,121641,4012],{},[33,121643,121644],{},"what type of object you are working with",[43,121646,121648],{"id":121647},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121650,121651],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121653,121654,121662],{},[33,121655,121656,121657,121659,121660],{},"Need a ",[153,121658,119752],{},": use ",[15,121661,74651],{},[33,121663,121664,121665,121659,121668],{},"Need to ",[153,121666,121667],{},"change one list directly",[15,121669,78093],{},[20,121671,121672,121673,121675],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121674,74651],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[43,121677,2075],{"id":2074},[572,121679,121681,121682,3114,121684,2085],{"id":121680},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121683,74651],{},[15,121685,78093],{},[20,121687,121688,121690],{},[15,121689,74651],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[572,121692,5390,121694,5393,121696,2085],{"id":121693},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121695,78093],{},[15,121697,4012],{},[20,121699,121700],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[572,121702,5402,121704,121706],{"id":121703},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121705,74651],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121708,121709],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[572,121711,28567,121713,121715],{"id":121712},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121714,64542],{}," on a string?",[20,121717,46601,121718,121720,121721,40170],{},[15,121719,64542],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121722,121723],{},"sorted(string)",[572,121725,12051,121727,2082,121729,121731],{"id":121726},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121728,74651],{},[15,121730,64542],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121733,121734,121735,94],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121736,78317],{},[43,121738,2132],{"id":2131},[30,121740,121741,121747,121753,121757,121761],{},[33,121742,121743],{},[293,121744,3809,121745,3742],{"href":74748},[15,121746,74651],{},[33,121748,121749],{},[293,121750,3809,121751,742],{"href":75002},[15,121752,78093],{},[33,121754,121755],{},[293,121756,80097],{"href":78602},[33,121758,121759],{},[293,121760,121044],{"href":121043},[33,121762,121763],{},[293,121764,53006],{"href":51214},[2161,121766,121767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":121769},[121770,121771,121772,121776,121780,121783,121787,121791,121796,121806,121807,121808,121820],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":119840,"depth":82,"text":119841},{"id":117943,"depth":82,"text":119665,"children":121773},[121774],{"id":119905,"depth":115,"text":121775},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78159,"depth":82,"text":80119,"children":121777},[121778],{"id":120082,"depth":115,"text":121779},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120178,"depth":82,"text":120179,"children":121781},[121782],{"id":120204,"depth":115,"text":120205},{"id":120410,"depth":82,"text":121784,"children":121785},"When to use sorted()",[121786],{"id":120432,"depth":115,"text":120433},{"id":120567,"depth":82,"text":121788,"children":121789},"When to use list.sort()",[121790],{"id":120590,"depth":115,"text":120591},{"id":120704,"depth":82,"text":121792,"children":121793},"reverse and key work with both",[121794,121795],{"id":120735,"depth":115,"text":120736},{"id":120863,"depth":115,"text":120864},{"id":121047,"depth":82,"text":121048,"children":121797},[121798,121800,121802,121804],{"id":121054,"depth":115,"text":121799},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121178,"depth":115,"text":121801},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121327,"depth":115,"text":121803},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121378,"depth":115,"text":121805},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113947,"depth":82,"text":113948},{"id":121647,"depth":82,"text":121648},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":121809},[121810,121812,121814,121816,121818],{"id":121680,"depth":115,"text":121811},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121693,"depth":115,"text":121813},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121703,"depth":115,"text":121815},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121712,"depth":115,"text":121817},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121726,"depth":115,"text":121819},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119711,"description":121821},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121827,"title":42416,"body":121828,"description":123560,"extension":2201,"meta":123561,"navigation":217,"path":123562,"seo":123563,"stem":123564,"__hash__":123565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121829,"toc":123517},[121830,121835,121840,121846,121848,121903,121907,121930,121935,121940,121945,121947,121978,121981,121995,121997,121999,122014,122019,122023,122026,122077,122081,122095,122102,122106,122110,122165,122169,122192,122196,122252,122256,122279,122283,122338,122342,122365,122369,122436,122440,122475,122481,122486,122491,122493,122507,122509,122583,122587,122607,122612,122619,122622,122634,122636,122705,122709,122746,122749,122774,122781,122790,122793,122805,122811,122817,122819,122825,122830,122909,122913,122954,122958,122960,122987,122990,123013,123016,123022,123025,123062,123074,123081,123083,123134,123137,123169,123172,123174,123181,123183,123198,123200,123257,123261,123285,123287,123292,123308,123315,123319,123322,123405,123415,123417,123422,123425,123431,123434,123440,123443,123449,123452,123459,123467,123469,123514],[10,121831,3809,121833,3813],{"id":121832},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121834,47920],{},[20,121836,32557,121837,121839],{},[15,121838,47920],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121841,121842,121843,121845],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121844,47920],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[43,121847,46],{"id":45},[48,121849,121851],{"className":50,"code":121850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121852,121853,121861,121875,121879,121889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121854,121855,121857,121859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121856,21864],{"class":63},[57,121858,68],{"class":67},[57,121860,45461],{"class":1023},[57,121862,121863,121865,121867,121869,121871,121873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121864,64],{"class":63},[57,121866,68],{"class":67},[57,121868,49141],{"class":1256},[57,121870,101],{"class":93},[57,121872,1065],{"class":97},[57,121874,112],{"class":93},[57,121876,121877],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,121878,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,121880,121881,121883,121885,121887],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,121882,119],{"class":118},[57,121884,101],{"class":93},[57,121886,227],{"class":97},[57,121888,112],{"class":93},[57,121890,121891,121893,121895,121897,121899,121901],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,121892,119],{"class":118},[57,121894,101],{"class":93},[57,121896,1257],{"class":1256},[57,121898,101],{"class":93},[57,121900,227],{"class":97},[57,121902,640],{"class":93},[20,121904,121905],{},[153,121906,243],{},[48,121908,121910],{"className":50,"code":121909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121911,121912,121916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121913,121914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121915,2945],{"class":1023},[57,121917,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,121919,1323],{"class":67},[57,121921,1327],{"class":1326},[57,121923,271],{"class":71},[57,121925,3676],{"class":75},[57,121927,261],{"class":71},[57,121929,1336],{"class":67},[20,121931,136,121932,121934],{},[15,121933,47920],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[43,121936,143,121938,146],{"id":121937},"what-str-does",[15,121939,47920],{},[20,121941,121942,121944],{},[15,121943,47920],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121946,2343],{},[30,121948,121949,121956,121963,121970],{},[33,121950,121951,121952,42395,121954],{},"An integer like ",[15,121953,941],{},[15,121955,42366],{},[33,121957,121958,121959,42395,121961],{},"A float like ",[15,121960,40383],{},[15,121962,48331],{},[33,121964,121965,121966,42395,121968],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121967,3838],{},[15,121969,6876],{},[33,121971,121972,121973,42395,121975],{},"A list like ",[15,121974,75473],{},[15,121976,121977],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121979,121980],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121982,121983,121986,121989,121992],{},[33,121984,121985],{},"print it",[33,121987,121988],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121990,121991],{},"save it to a file",[33,121993,121994],{},"use it in messages",[43,121996,300],{"id":299},[20,121998,7453],{},[48,122000,122002],{"className":50,"code":122001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"str(object)\n",[15,122003,122004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122007,3676],{"class":1256},[57,122009,101],{"class":93},[57,122011,42639],{"class":1256},[57,122013,112],{"class":93},[20,122015,21006,122016,122018],{},[15,122017,42639],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122020,122021,8460],{},[15,122022,47920],{},[20,122024,122025],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[48,122027,122029],{"className":50,"code":122028,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122030,122031,122040,122063,122067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122032,122033,122035,122037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122034,5328],{"class":63},[57,122036,68],{"class":67},[57,122038,122039],{"class":1023}," 100\n",[57,122041,122042,122044,122046,122048,122051,122053,122055,122057,122059,122061],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122043,90228],{"class":63},[57,122045,68],{"class":67},[57,122047,72],{"class":71},[57,122049,122050],{"class":75},"Your score is ",[57,122052,104],{"class":71},[57,122054,2689],{"class":67},[57,122056,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122058,101],{"class":93},[57,122060,85742],{"class":97},[57,122062,112],{"class":93},[57,122064,122065],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122066,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122068,122069,122071,122073,122075],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122070,119],{"class":118},[57,122072,101],{"class":93},[57,122074,90245],{"class":97},[57,122076,112],{"class":93},[20,122078,122079],{},[153,122080,243],{},[48,122082,122084],{"className":50,"code":122083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122085,122086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122087,122088,122091,122093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122089,122090],{"class":63},"Your score ",[57,122092,537],{"class":67},[57,122094,122039],{"class":1023},[20,122096,2530,122097,122101],{},[293,122098,122099,2537],{"href":2533},[15,122100,2536],{}," can help you check.",[43,122103,122105],{"id":122104},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[572,122107,122109],{"id":122108},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[48,122111,122113],{"className":50,"code":122112,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122114,122115,122123,122137,122141,122151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122116,122117,122119,122121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122118,2450],{"class":63},[57,122120,68],{"class":67},[57,122122,2823],{"class":1023},[57,122124,122125,122127,122129,122131,122133,122135],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122126,64],{"class":63},[57,122128,68],{"class":67},[57,122130,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122132,101],{"class":93},[57,122134,2473],{"class":97},[57,122136,112],{"class":93},[57,122138,122139],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122140,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122142,122143,122145,122147,122149],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122144,119],{"class":118},[57,122146,101],{"class":93},[57,122148,227],{"class":97},[57,122150,112],{"class":93},[57,122152,122153,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122154,119],{"class":118},[57,122156,101],{"class":93},[57,122158,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122160,101],{"class":93},[57,122162,227],{"class":97},[57,122164,640],{"class":93},[20,122166,122167],{},[153,122168,243],{},[48,122170,122172],{"className":50,"code":122171,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122173,122174,122178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122175,122176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122177,2610],{"class":1023},[57,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122181,1323],{"class":67},[57,122183,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122185,271],{"class":71},[57,122187,3676],{"class":75},[57,122189,261],{"class":71},[57,122191,1336],{"class":67},[572,122193,122195],{"id":122194},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[48,122197,122199],{"className":50,"code":122198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122200,122201,122210,122224,122228,122238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122202,122203,122205,122207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122204,40627],{"class":63},[57,122206,68],{"class":67},[57,122208,122209],{"class":1023}," 3.14\n",[57,122211,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122213,64],{"class":63},[57,122215,68],{"class":67},[57,122217,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122219,101],{"class":93},[57,122221,25387],{"class":97},[57,122223,112],{"class":93},[57,122225,122226],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122227,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122229,122230,122232,122234,122236],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122231,119],{"class":118},[57,122233,101],{"class":93},[57,122235,227],{"class":97},[57,122237,112],{"class":93},[57,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122241,119],{"class":118},[57,122243,101],{"class":93},[57,122245,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122247,101],{"class":93},[57,122249,227],{"class":97},[57,122251,640],{"class":93},[20,122253,122254],{},[153,122255,243],{},[48,122257,122259],{"className":50,"code":122258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122260,122261,122265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122262,122263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122264,40417],{"class":1023},[57,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122268,1323],{"class":67},[57,122270,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122272,271],{"class":71},[57,122274,3676],{"class":75},[57,122276,261],{"class":71},[57,122278,1336],{"class":67},[572,122280,122282],{"id":122281},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[48,122284,122286],{"className":50,"code":122285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122287,122288,122296,122310,122314,122324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122289,122290,122292,122294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122291,2681],{"class":63},[57,122293,68],{"class":67},[57,122295,6658],{"class":4085},[57,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306,122308],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122299,64],{"class":63},[57,122301,68],{"class":67},[57,122303,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122305,101],{"class":93},[57,122307,2708],{"class":97},[57,122309,112],{"class":93},[57,122311,122312],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122313,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122315,122316,122318,122320,122322],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122317,119],{"class":118},[57,122319,101],{"class":93},[57,122321,227],{"class":97},[57,122323,112],{"class":93},[57,122325,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122327,119],{"class":118},[57,122329,101],{"class":93},[57,122331,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122333,101],{"class":93},[57,122335,227],{"class":97},[57,122337,640],{"class":93},[20,122339,122340],{},[153,122341,243],{},[48,122343,122345],{"className":50,"code":122344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122346,122347,122351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122348,122349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122350,4213],{"class":4085},[57,122352,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122354,1323],{"class":67},[57,122356,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122358,271],{"class":71},[57,122360,3676],{"class":75},[57,122362,261],{"class":71},[57,122364,1336],{"class":67},[572,122366,122368],{"id":122367},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[48,122370,122372],{"className":50,"code":122371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122373,122374,122394,122408,122412,122422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122377,8014],{"class":63},[57,122379,68],{"class":67},[57,122381,1380],{"class":93},[57,122383,3224],{"class":1023},[57,122385,107],{"class":93},[57,122387,1024],{"class":1023},[57,122389,107],{"class":93},[57,122391,2686],{"class":1023},[57,122393,288],{"class":93},[57,122395,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122397,64],{"class":63},[57,122399,68],{"class":67},[57,122401,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122403,101],{"class":93},[57,122405,8045],{"class":97},[57,122407,112],{"class":93},[57,122409,122410],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122411,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122413,122414,122416,122418,122420],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122415,119],{"class":118},[57,122417,101],{"class":93},[57,122419,227],{"class":97},[57,122421,112],{"class":93},[57,122423,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122425,119],{"class":118},[57,122427,101],{"class":93},[57,122429,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122431,101],{"class":93},[57,122433,227],{"class":97},[57,122435,640],{"class":93},[20,122437,122438],{},[153,122439,243],{},[48,122441,122443],{"className":50,"code":122442,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122444,122445,122461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122446,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457,122459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122448,258],{"class":93},[57,122450,3224],{"class":1023},[57,122452,107],{"class":93},[57,122454,1024],{"class":1023},[57,122456,107],{"class":93},[57,122458,2686],{"class":1023},[57,122460,288],{"class":93},[57,122462,122463,122465,122467,122469,122471,122473],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122464,1323],{"class":67},[57,122466,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122468,271],{"class":71},[57,122470,3676],{"class":75},[57,122472,261],{"class":71},[57,122474,1336],{"class":67},[20,122476,122477,122478,122480],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[153,122479,175],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[43,122482,1637,122484],{"id":122483},"when-to-use-str",[15,122485,47920],{},[20,122487,136,122488,122490],{},[15,122489,47920],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122492,36666],{},[30,122494,122495,122498,122501,122504],{},[33,122496,122497],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122499,122500],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122502,122503],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122505,122506],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122508,179],{},[48,122510,122512],{"className":50,"code":122511,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122513,122514,122526,122534,122538,122573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122517,8112],{"class":63},[57,122519,68],{"class":67},[57,122521,72],{"class":71},[57,122523,11741],{"class":75},[57,122525,79],{"class":71},[57,122527,122528,122530,122532],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122529,21864],{"class":63},[57,122531,68],{"class":67},[57,122533,45461],{"class":1023},[57,122535,122536],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122537,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122539,122540,122542,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122571],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122541,90228],{"class":63},[57,122543,68],{"class":67},[57,122545,36208],{"class":63},[57,122547,2296],{"class":67},[57,122549,72],{"class":71},[57,122551,5016],{"class":75},[57,122553,104],{"class":71},[57,122555,2689],{"class":67},[57,122557,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122559,101],{"class":93},[57,122561,1065],{"class":97},[57,122563,3896],{"class":93},[57,122565,2689],{"class":67},[57,122567,72],{"class":71},[57,122569,122570],{"class":75}," years old.",[57,122572,79],{"class":71},[57,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122576,119],{"class":118},[57,122578,101],{"class":93},[57,122580,90245],{"class":97},[57,122582,112],{"class":93},[20,122584,122585],{},[153,122586,243],{},[48,122588,122590],{"className":50,"code":122589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122591,122592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122593,122594,122597,122599,122601,122604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122595,122596],{"class":63},"Maya ",[57,122598,537],{"class":67},[57,122600,9541],{"class":1023},[57,122602,122603],{"class":63}," years old",[57,122605,122606],{"class":93},".\n",[20,122608,122609,122610,94],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[293,122611,89914],{"href":89913},[43,122613,122615,577,122617],{"id":122614},"str-vs-print",[15,122616,47920],{},[15,122618,46688],{},[20,122620,122621],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122623,122624,122629],{},[33,122625,122626,122628],{},[15,122627,47920],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122630,122631,122633],{},[15,122632,46688],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122635,179],{},[48,122637,122639],{"className":50,"code":122638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122640,122641,122649,122653,122667,122677,122691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122642,122643,122645,122647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122644,2681],{"class":63},[57,122646,68],{"class":67},[57,122648,3005],{"class":1023},[57,122650,122651],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122652,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122656,64],{"class":63},[57,122658,68],{"class":67},[57,122660,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122662,101],{"class":93},[57,122664,2708],{"class":97},[57,122666,112],{"class":93},[57,122668,122669,122671,122673,122675],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122670,119],{"class":118},[57,122672,101],{"class":93},[57,122674,227],{"class":97},[57,122676,112],{"class":93},[57,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122680,119],{"class":118},[57,122682,101],{"class":93},[57,122684,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122686,101],{"class":93},[57,122688,227],{"class":97},[57,122690,640],{"class":93},[57,122692,122693,122695,122697,122699,122701,122703],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,122694,119],{"class":118},[57,122696,101],{"class":93},[57,122698,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122700,101],{"class":93},[57,122702,2708],{"class":97},[57,122704,640],{"class":93},[20,122706,122707],{},[153,122708,243],{},[48,122710,122712],{"className":50,"code":122711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122713,122714,122718,122732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122715,122716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122717,46848],{"class":1023},[57,122719,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122721,1323],{"class":67},[57,122723,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122725,271],{"class":71},[57,122727,3676],{"class":75},[57,122729,261],{"class":71},[57,122731,1336],{"class":67},[57,122733,122734,122736,122738,122740,122742,122744],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122735,1323],{"class":67},[57,122737,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122739,271],{"class":71},[57,122741,2423],{"class":75},[57,122743,261],{"class":71},[57,122745,1336],{"class":67},[20,122747,122748],{},"Notice:",[30,122750,122751,122757,122762],{},[33,122752,122753,122756],{},[15,122754,122755],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122758,122759,122761],{},[15,122760,46688],{}," only displayed values",[33,122763,122764,122766,122767,122769,122770,61531,122772],{},[15,122765,46688],{}," did not change ",[15,122768,2708],{}," from ",[15,122771,2423],{},[15,122773,3676],{},[20,122775,122776,122777,94],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[293,122778,122779,2537],{"href":46685},[15,122780,46688],{},[43,122782,122784,577,122786,122789],{"id":122783},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122785,47920],{},[15,122787,122788],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122791,122792],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122794,122795,122800],{},[33,122796,122797,122799],{},[15,122798,47920],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122801,122802,122804],{},[15,122803,122788],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122806,122807,122808,122810],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122809,47920],{}," much more often.",[20,122812,122813,122814,122816],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122815,47920],{}," is usually the right choice.",[43,122818,4751],{"id":4750},[572,122820,26012,122822,122824],{"id":122821},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122823,47920],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122826,122827,122829],{},[15,122828,47920],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[48,122831,122833],{"className":50,"code":122832,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122834,122835,122843,122857,122861,122871,122885,122895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122836,122837,122839,122841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122838,21864],{"class":63},[57,122840,68],{"class":67},[57,122842,45461],{"class":1023},[57,122844,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122846,64],{"class":63},[57,122848,68],{"class":67},[57,122850,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122852,101],{"class":93},[57,122854,1065],{"class":97},[57,122856,112],{"class":93},[57,122858,122859],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122860,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,122862,122863,122865,122867,122869],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122864,119],{"class":118},[57,122866,101],{"class":93},[57,122868,1065],{"class":97},[57,122870,112],{"class":93},[57,122872,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881,122883],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,122874,119],{"class":118},[57,122876,101],{"class":93},[57,122878,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122880,101],{"class":93},[57,122882,1065],{"class":97},[57,122884,640],{"class":93},[57,122886,122887,122889,122891,122893],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,122888,119],{"class":118},[57,122890,101],{"class":93},[57,122892,227],{"class":97},[57,122894,112],{"class":93},[57,122896,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,122898,119],{"class":118},[57,122900,101],{"class":93},[57,122902,1257],{"class":1256},[57,122904,101],{"class":93},[57,122906,227],{"class":97},[57,122908,640],{"class":93},[20,122910,122911],{},[153,122912,243],{},[48,122914,122916],{"className":50,"code":122915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122917,122918,122922,122936,122940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122919,122920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122921,2945],{"class":1023},[57,122923,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122925,1323],{"class":67},[57,122927,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122929,271],{"class":71},[57,122931,2423],{"class":75},[57,122933,261],{"class":71},[57,122935,1336],{"class":67},[57,122937,122938],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,122939,2945],{"class":1023},[57,122941,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,122943,1323],{"class":67},[57,122945,1327],{"class":1326},[57,122947,271],{"class":71},[57,122949,3676],{"class":75},[57,122951,261],{"class":71},[57,122953,1336],{"class":67},[572,122955,122957],{"id":122956},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122959,6923],{},[48,122961,122963],{"className":50,"code":122962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122964,122965,122973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122966,122967,122969,122971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122968,21864],{"class":63},[57,122970,68],{"class":67},[57,122972,45461],{"class":1023},[57,122974,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983,122985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,122976,64],{"class":63},[57,122978,68],{"class":67},[57,122980,49141],{"class":1256},[57,122982,101],{"class":93},[57,122984,1065],{"class":97},[57,122986,112],{"class":93},[20,122988,122989],{},"But if you only do this:",[48,122991,122993],{"className":50,"code":122992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122994,122995,123003],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122996,122997,122999,123001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122998,21864],{"class":63},[57,123000,68],{"class":67},[57,123002,45461],{"class":1023},[57,123004,123005,123007,123009,123011],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123006,3676],{"class":1256},[57,123008,101],{"class":93},[57,123010,1065],{"class":97},[57,123012,112],{"class":93},[20,123014,123015],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[572,123017,425,123019,123021],{"id":123018},"using-str-too-early",[15,123020,47920],{}," too early",[20,123023,123024],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[48,123026,123028],{"className":50,"code":123027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123029,123030,123038,123053,123057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123031,123032,123034,123036],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123033,40627],{"class":63},[57,123035,68],{"class":67},[57,123037,2823],{"class":1023},[57,123039,123040,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123041,123042],{"class":63},"text_price ",[57,123044,68],{"class":67},[57,123046,49141],{"class":1256},[57,123048,101],{"class":93},[57,123050,25387],{"class":97},[57,123052,112],{"class":93},[57,123054,123055],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,123056,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,123058,123059],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,123060,123061],{"class":132},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123063,123064,123065,3114,123069,123073],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[293,123066,123067],{"href":3110},[15,123068,3113],{},[293,123070,123071],{"href":3117},[15,123072,3120],{},", depending on the situation.",[572,123075,8688,123077,123080],{"id":123076},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123078,123079],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123082,64874],{},[48,123084,123086],{"className":50,"code":123085,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123087,123088,123120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123089,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123091,8014],{"class":63},[57,123093,68],{"class":67},[57,123095,1380],{"class":93},[57,123097,104],{"class":71},[57,123099,836],{"class":75},[57,123101,104],{"class":71},[57,123103,107],{"class":93},[57,123105,72],{"class":71},[57,123107,845],{"class":75},[57,123109,104],{"class":71},[57,123111,107],{"class":93},[57,123113,72],{"class":71},[57,123115,33461],{"class":75},[57,123117,104],{"class":71},[57,123119,288],{"class":93},[57,123121,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123123,119],{"class":118},[57,123125,101],{"class":93},[57,123127,3676],{"class":1256},[57,123129,101],{"class":93},[57,123131,8045],{"class":97},[57,123133,640],{"class":93},[20,123135,123136],{},"prints:",[48,123138,123139],{"className":50,"code":73063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123140,123141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123142,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123144,258],{"class":93},[57,123146,261],{"class":71},[57,123148,836],{"class":75},[57,123150,261],{"class":71},[57,123152,107],{"class":93},[57,123154,271],{"class":71},[57,123156,845],{"class":75},[57,123158,261],{"class":71},[57,123160,107],{"class":93},[57,123162,271],{"class":71},[57,123164,33461],{"class":75},[57,123166,261],{"class":71},[57,123168,288],{"class":93},[20,123170,123171],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[43,123173,17653],{"id":17652},[20,123175,123176,22211,123178,94],{},[15,123177,47920],{},[153,123179,123180],{},"new string",[20,123182,11690],{},[30,123184,123185,123188,123191],{},[33,123186,123187],{},"It always returns a string",[33,123189,123190],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,123192,7997,123193,123197],{},[293,123194,123195],{"href":2533},[15,123196,2536],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123199,179],{},[48,123201,123203],{"className":50,"code":123202,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123204,123205,123213,123228,123232,123243],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123206,123207,123209,123211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123208,2681],{"class":63},[57,123210,68],{"class":67},[57,123212,14362],{"class":1023},[57,123214,123215,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123216,123217],{"class":63},"converted ",[57,123219,68],{"class":67},[57,123221,49141],{"class":1256},[57,123223,101],{"class":93},[57,123225,2708],{"class":97},[57,123227,112],{"class":93},[57,123229,123230],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,123231,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,123233,123234,123236,123238,123241],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,123235,119],{"class":118},[57,123237,101],{"class":93},[57,123239,123240],{"class":97},"converted",[57,123242,112],{"class":93},[57,123244,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,123246,119],{"class":118},[57,123248,101],{"class":93},[57,123250,1257],{"class":1256},[57,123252,101],{"class":93},[57,123254,123240],{"class":97},[57,123256,640],{"class":93},[20,123258,123259],{},[153,123260,243],{},[48,123262,123264],{"className":50,"code":123263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123265,123266,123271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123267,123268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123269,123270],{"class":1023},"99\n",[57,123272,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281,123283],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123274,1323],{"class":67},[57,123276,1327],{"class":1326},[57,123278,271],{"class":71},[57,123280,3676],{"class":75},[57,123282,261],{"class":71},[57,123284,1336],{"class":67},[43,123286,113948],{"id":113947},[20,123288,123289,123290,75042],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123291,47920],{},[30,123293,123294,123297,123300,123305],{},[33,123295,123296],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,123298,123299],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,123301,425,123302,123304],{},[15,123303,47920],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,123306,123307],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123309,123310,123311,94],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[293,123312,25917,123313],{"href":90626},[15,123314,90627],{},[43,123316,123318],{"id":123317},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123320,123321],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[48,123323,123325],{"className":50,"code":123324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123326,123327,123335,123339,123349,123363,123367,123381,123391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123328,123329,123331,123333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123330,2681],{"class":63},[57,123332,68],{"class":67},[57,123334,45461],{"class":1023},[57,123336,123337],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123338,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,123340,123341,123343,123345,123347],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,123342,119],{"class":118},[57,123344,101],{"class":93},[57,123346,2708],{"class":97},[57,123348,112],{"class":93},[57,123350,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,123352,119],{"class":118},[57,123354,101],{"class":93},[57,123356,1257],{"class":1256},[57,123358,101],{"class":93},[57,123360,2708],{"class":97},[57,123362,640],{"class":93},[57,123364,123365],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,123366,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,123368,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,123370,123217],{"class":63},[57,123372,68],{"class":67},[57,123374,49141],{"class":1256},[57,123376,101],{"class":93},[57,123378,2708],{"class":97},[57,123380,112],{"class":93},[57,123382,123383,123385,123387,123389],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,123384,119],{"class":118},[57,123386,101],{"class":93},[57,123388,123240],{"class":97},[57,123390,112],{"class":93},[57,123392,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,123394,119],{"class":118},[57,123396,101],{"class":93},[57,123398,1257],{"class":1256},[57,123400,101],{"class":93},[57,123402,123240],{"class":97},[57,123404,640],{"class":93},[20,123406,123407,123408,754,123410,123412,123413,94],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123409,2423],{},[15,123411,2426],{},", or another type into ",[15,123414,3676],{},[43,123416,2075],{"id":2074},[572,123418,2112,123420,5377],{"id":123419},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123421,47920],{},[20,123423,123424],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[572,123426,2099,123428,123430],{"id":123427},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123429,47920],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123432,123433],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[572,123435,5402,123437,123439],{"id":123436},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123438,47920],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123441,123442],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[572,123444,94812,123446,123448],{"id":123445},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123447,47920],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123450,123451],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[572,123453,15135,123455,57440,123457,2085],{"id":123454},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123456,47920],{},[15,123458,46688],{},[20,123460,46601,123461,123463,123464,123466],{},[15,123462,47920],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123465,46688],{}," shows output.",[43,123468,2132],{"id":2131},[30,123470,123471,123477,123483,123489,123495,123504,123508],{},[33,123472,123473],{},[293,123474,123475,3742],{"href":46685},[15,123476,46688],{},[33,123478,123479],{},[293,123480,123481,3742],{"href":2533},[15,123482,2536],{},[33,123484,123485],{},[293,123486,123487,3742],{"href":3110},[15,123488,3113],{},[33,123490,123491],{},[293,123492,123493,3742],{"href":3117},[15,123494,3120],{},[33,123496,123497],{},[293,123498,123500,123501,123503],{"href":123499},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123502,2423],{}," to string in Python",[33,123505,123506],{},[293,123507,90904],{"href":89913},[33,123509,123510],{},[293,123511,30586,123512],{"href":90626},[15,123513,90627],{},[2161,123515,123516],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":122104,"depth":82,"text":122105,"children":123524},[123525,123526,123527,123528],{"id":122108,"depth":115,"text":122109},{"id":122194,"depth":115,"text":122195},{"id":122281,"depth":115,"text":122282},{"id":122367,"depth":115,"text":122368},{"id":122483,"depth":82,"text":123530},"When to use str()",{"id":122614,"depth":82,"text":123532},"str() vs print()",{"id":122783,"depth":82,"text":123534},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4750,"depth":82,"text":4751,"children":123536},[123537,123539,123540,123542],{"id":122821,"depth":115,"text":123538},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122956,"depth":115,"text":122957},{"id":123018,"depth":115,"text":123541},"Using str() too early",{"id":123076,"depth":115,"text":123543},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":113947,"depth":82,"text":113948},{"id":123317,"depth":82,"text":123318},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":123548},[123549,123551,123553,123555,123557],{"id":123419,"depth":115,"text":123550},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123427,"depth":115,"text":123552},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123436,"depth":115,"text":123554},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123445,"depth":115,"text":123556},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123454,"depth":115,"text":123558},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42416,"description":123560},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123567,"title":123568,"body":123569,"description":125019,"extension":2201,"meta":125020,"navigation":217,"path":125021,"seo":125022,"stem":125023,"__hash__":125024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123570,"toc":124981},[123571,123576,123581,123584,123606,123608,123670,123672,123685,123691,123696,123701,123703,123716,123727,123729,123756,123758,123775,123782,123793,123795,123800,123802,123814,123822,123831,123833,123836,123889,123891,123899,123907,123911,123916,123956,123958,123966,123969,123971,124011,124013,124021,124031,124037,124040,124113,124115,124128,124132,124137,124165,124168,124203,124205,124213,124216,124220,124224,124226,124242,124244,124284,124286,124294,124303,124346,124348,124356,124358,124362,124368,124371,124411,124413,124421,124426,124429,124472,124476,124479,124514,124519,124521,124560,124570,124578,124588,124596,124600,124605,124607,124648,124650,124658,124663,124666,124669,124687,124693,124697,124702,124705,124745,124747,124752,124851,124854,124870,124872,124891,124893,124899,124902,124908,124911,124917,124921,124927,124930,124936,124939,124941,124978],[10,123572,13,123574,18],{"id":123573},"python-string-count-method",[15,123575,57525],{},[20,123577,22,123578,123580],{},[15,123579,57525],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123582,123583],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123585,123586,123590,123593,123595,123603],{},[33,123587,26257,123588,146],{},[15,123589,57525],{},[33,123591,123592],{},"its syntax",[33,123594,35633],{},[33,123596,123597,123598,2082,123600,123602],{},"how ",[15,123599,36312],{},[15,123601,52895],{}," work",[33,123604,123605],{},"common beginner mistakes",[43,123607,46],{"id":45},[48,123609,123611],{"className":50,"code":123610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123612,123613,123625,123647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123614,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123616,64],{"class":63},[57,123618,68],{"class":67},[57,123620,72],{"class":71},[57,123622,845],{"class":75},[57,123624,79],{"class":71},[57,123626,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123628,119],{"class":118},[57,123630,101],{"class":93},[57,123632,227],{"class":97},[57,123634,94],{"class":93},[57,123636,41500],{"class":97},[57,123638,101],{"class":93},[57,123640,104],{"class":71},[57,123642,293],{"class":75},[57,123644,104],{"class":71},[57,123646,640],{"class":93},[57,123648,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123666,123668],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,123650,119],{"class":118},[57,123652,101],{"class":93},[57,123654,227],{"class":97},[57,123656,94],{"class":93},[57,123658,41500],{"class":97},[57,123660,101],{"class":93},[57,123662,104],{"class":71},[57,123664,123665],{"class":75},"na",[57,123667,104],{"class":71},[57,123669,640],{"class":93},[20,123671,243],{},[48,123673,123675],{"className":50,"code":123674,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\n",[15,123676,123677,123681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123678,123679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123680,46853],{"class":1023},[57,123682,123683],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123684,17290],{"class":1023},[20,123686,136,123687,123690],{},[15,123688,123689],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[43,123692,13228,123694,13231],{"id":123693},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123695,57525],{},[20,123697,123698,123700],{},[15,123699,57525],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123702,13284],{},[30,123704,123705,123708,123711,123713],{},[33,123706,123707],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123709,123710],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123712,43893],{},[33,123714,123715],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123717,123718,123719,123721,123722,754,123724,123726],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123720,18330],{}," characters are in ",[15,123723,65505],{},[15,123725,57525],{}," is a simple choice.",[43,123728,300],{"id":299},[48,123730,123732],{"className":50,"code":123731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123733,123734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123735,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123737,310],{"class":63},[57,123739,94],{"class":93},[57,123741,41500],{"class":97},[57,123743,101],{"class":93},[57,123745,2708],{"class":97},[57,123747,107],{"class":93},[57,123749,36291],{"class":97},[57,123751,107],{"class":93},[57,123753,65271],{"class":97},[57,123755,112],{"class":93},[572,123757,17629],{"id":17628},[30,123759,123760,123765,123770],{},[33,123761,123762,123764],{},[15,123763,2708],{},": the text to search for",[33,123766,123767,123769],{},[15,123768,36312],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123771,123772,123774],{},[15,123773,52895],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123776,123777,2082,123779,123781],{},[15,123778,36312],{},[15,123780,52895],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123783,123784,123789],{},[33,123785,123786,123788],{},[15,123787,36312],{}," is included",[33,123790,123791,75968],{},[15,123792,52895],{},[43,123794,17653],{"id":17652},[20,123796,123797,123799],{},[15,123798,57525],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123801,2361],{},[30,123803,123804,123809],{},[33,123805,123806,123807],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123808,2299],{},[33,123810,123811,123812],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123813,1277],{},[20,123815,41146,123816,5393,123818,3114,123820,94],{},[153,123817,175],{},[15,123819,3838],{},[15,123821,3909],{},[20,123823,123824,123825,123830],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[293,123826,123828,101822],{"href":123827},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123829,4117],{}," is often a better fit.",[43,123832,11707],{"id":11706},[20,123834,123835],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[48,123837,123839],{"className":50,"code":123838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123840,123841,123853,123875,123879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123842,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123844,64],{"class":63},[57,123846,68],{"class":67},[57,123848,72],{"class":71},[57,123850,836],{"class":75},[57,123852,79],{"class":71},[57,123854,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123856,2463],{"class":63},[57,123858,68],{"class":67},[57,123860,90],{"class":63},[57,123862,94],{"class":93},[57,123864,41500],{"class":97},[57,123866,101],{"class":93},[57,123868,104],{"class":71},[57,123870,20],{"class":75},[57,123872,104],{"class":71},[57,123874,112],{"class":93},[57,123876,123877],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,123878,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,123880,123881,123883,123885,123887],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,123882,119],{"class":118},[57,123884,101],{"class":93},[57,123886,2498],{"class":97},[57,123888,112],{"class":93},[20,123890,243],{},[48,123892,123893],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123894,123895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123896,123897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123898,17290],{"class":1023},[20,123900,64050,123901,123904,123905,94],{},[15,123902,123903],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123906,58068],{},[43,123908,123910],{"id":123909},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123912,123913,123915],{},[15,123914,57525],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[48,123917,123919],{"className":50,"code":123918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123920,123921,123934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123922,123923,123925,123927,123929,123932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123924,64],{"class":63},[57,123926,68],{"class":67},[57,123928,72],{"class":71},[57,123930,123931],{"class":75},"cat dog cat bird cat",[57,123933,79],{"class":71},[57,123935,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123937,119],{"class":118},[57,123939,101],{"class":93},[57,123941,227],{"class":97},[57,123943,94],{"class":93},[57,123945,41500],{"class":97},[57,123947,101],{"class":93},[57,123949,104],{"class":71},[57,123951,1296],{"class":75},[57,123953,104],{"class":71},[57,123955,640],{"class":93},[20,123957,243],{},[48,123959,123960],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123961,123962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123963,123964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123965,46853],{"class":1023},[20,123967,123968],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123970,179],{},[48,123972,123974],{"className":50,"code":123973,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123975,123976,123989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123977,123978,123980,123982,123984,123987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123979,64],{"class":63},[57,123981,68],{"class":67},[57,123983,72],{"class":71},[57,123985,123986],{"class":75},"one One one",[57,123988,79],{"class":71},[57,123990,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,123992,119],{"class":118},[57,123994,101],{"class":93},[57,123996,227],{"class":97},[57,123998,94],{"class":93},[57,124000,41500],{"class":97},[57,124002,101],{"class":93},[57,124004,104],{"class":71},[57,124006,399],{"class":75},[57,124008,104],{"class":71},[57,124010,640],{"class":93},[20,124012,243],{},[48,124014,124015],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124016,124017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124018,124019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124020,17290],{"class":1023},[20,124022,124023,124024,124027,124028,124030],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124025,124026],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124029,57525],{}," is case-sensitive.",[43,124032,425,124033,2082,124035],{"id":65637},[15,124034,36312],{},[15,124036,52895],{},[20,124038,124039],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[48,124041,124043],{"className":50,"code":124042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124044,124045,124057,124083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124046,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124048,64],{"class":63},[57,124050,68],{"class":67},[57,124052,72],{"class":71},[57,124054,845],{"class":75},[57,124056,79],{"class":71},[57,124058,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124060,119],{"class":118},[57,124062,101],{"class":93},[57,124064,227],{"class":97},[57,124066,94],{"class":93},[57,124068,41500],{"class":97},[57,124070,101],{"class":93},[57,124072,104],{"class":71},[57,124074,293],{"class":75},[57,124076,104],{"class":71},[57,124078,107],{"class":93},[57,124080,1024],{"class":1023},[57,124082,640],{"class":93},[57,124084,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109,124111],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,124086,119],{"class":118},[57,124088,101],{"class":93},[57,124090,227],{"class":97},[57,124092,94],{"class":93},[57,124094,41500],{"class":97},[57,124096,101],{"class":93},[57,124098,104],{"class":71},[57,124100,293],{"class":75},[57,124102,104],{"class":71},[57,124104,107],{"class":93},[57,124106,1024],{"class":1023},[57,124108,107],{"class":93},[57,124110,4838],{"class":1023},[57,124112,640],{"class":93},[20,124114,243],{},[48,124116,124118],{"className":50,"code":124117,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n1\n",[15,124119,124120,124124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124121,124122],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124123,17290],{"class":1023},[57,124125,124126],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124127,47153],{"class":1023},[572,124129,124131],{"id":124130},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124133,124134,124135,1016],{},"In ",[15,124136,65505],{},[30,124138,124139,124147,124155],{},[33,124140,71192,124141,124143,124144],{},[15,124142,1931],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124145,124146],{},"\"n\"",[33,124148,124149,124152,124153,76266],{},[15,124150,124151],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124154,1931],{},[33,124156,124157,124152,124160,124162,124163],{},[15,124158,124159],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124161,1931],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124164,2372],{},[20,124166,124167],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[48,124169,124171],{"className":50,"code":124170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124172,124173,124185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124174,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124176,64],{"class":63},[57,124178,68],{"class":67},[57,124180,72],{"class":71},[57,124182,845],{"class":75},[57,124184,79],{"class":71},[57,124186,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124188,119],{"class":118},[57,124190,101],{"class":93},[57,124192,227],{"class":97},[57,124194,258],{"class":93},[57,124196,1931],{"class":1023},[57,124198,1016],{"class":93},[57,124200,2372],{"class":1023},[57,124202,1280],{"class":93},[20,124204,243],{},[48,124206,124207],{"className":50,"code":41709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124208,124209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124210,124211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124212,41709],{"class":63},[20,124214,124215],{},"Only that section is searched.",[43,124217,124219],{"id":124218},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124221,124222,124030],{},[15,124223,57525],{},[20,124225,2343],{},[30,124227,124228,124236],{},[33,124229,124230,2082,124232,124235],{},[15,124231,18330],{},[15,124233,124234],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,124237,124238,2082,124240,124235],{},[15,124239,64765],{},[15,124241,90639],{},[20,124243,179],{},[48,124245,124247],{"className":50,"code":124246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124248,124249,124262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124250,124251,124253,124255,124257,124260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124252,64],{"class":63},[57,124254,68],{"class":67},[57,124256,72],{"class":71},[57,124258,124259],{"class":75},"Apple apple APPLE",[57,124261,79],{"class":71},[57,124263,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124265,119],{"class":118},[57,124267,101],{"class":93},[57,124269,227],{"class":97},[57,124271,94],{"class":93},[57,124273,41500],{"class":97},[57,124275,101],{"class":93},[57,124277,104],{"class":71},[57,124279,836],{"class":75},[57,124281,104],{"class":71},[57,124283,640],{"class":93},[20,124285,243],{},[48,124287,124288],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124289,124290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124291,124292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124293,47153],{"class":1023},[20,124295,124296,124297,1016],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[293,124298,124300],{"href":124299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124301,124302],{},"lower()",[48,124304,124306],{"className":50,"code":124305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124307,124308,124320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124309,124310,124312,124314,124316,124318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124311,64],{"class":63},[57,124313,68],{"class":67},[57,124315,72],{"class":71},[57,124317,124259],{"class":75},[57,124319,79],{"class":71},[57,124321,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124323,119],{"class":118},[57,124325,101],{"class":93},[57,124327,227],{"class":97},[57,124329,94],{"class":93},[57,124331,8876],{"class":97},[57,124333,8873],{"class":93},[57,124335,41500],{"class":97},[57,124337,101],{"class":93},[57,124339,104],{"class":71},[57,124341,836],{"class":75},[57,124343,104],{"class":71},[57,124345,640],{"class":93},[20,124347,243],{},[48,124349,124350],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124351,124352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124353,124354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124355,46853],{"class":1023},[43,124357,1673],{"id":1672},[20,124359,23331,124360,94],{},[15,124361,57525],{},[572,124363,8688,124365,124367],{"id":124364},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124366,57525],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124369,124370],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[48,124372,124374],{"className":50,"code":124373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124375,124376,124389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124379,64],{"class":63},[57,124381,68],{"class":67},[57,124383,72],{"class":71},[57,124385,124386],{"class":75},"Aardvark",[57,124388,79],{"class":71},[57,124390,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407,124409],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124392,119],{"class":118},[57,124394,101],{"class":93},[57,124396,227],{"class":97},[57,124398,94],{"class":93},[57,124400,41500],{"class":97},[57,124402,101],{"class":93},[57,124404,104],{"class":71},[57,124406,293],{"class":75},[57,124408,104],{"class":71},[57,124410,640],{"class":93},[20,124412,243],{},[48,124414,124415],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124416,124417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124418,124419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124420,17290],{"class":1023},[20,124422,124023,124423,124425],{},[15,124424,124234],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124427,124428],{},"If needed, convert first:",[48,124430,124432],{"className":50,"code":124431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124433,124434,124446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124435,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124437,64],{"class":63},[57,124439,68],{"class":67},[57,124441,72],{"class":71},[57,124443,124386],{"class":75},[57,124445,79],{"class":71},[57,124447,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124449,119],{"class":118},[57,124451,101],{"class":93},[57,124453,227],{"class":97},[57,124455,94],{"class":93},[57,124457,8876],{"class":97},[57,124459,8873],{"class":93},[57,124461,41500],{"class":97},[57,124463,101],{"class":93},[57,124465,104],{"class":71},[57,124467,293],{"class":75},[57,124469,104],{"class":71},[57,124471,640],{"class":93},[572,124473,124475],{"id":124474},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124477,124478],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[48,124480,124482],{"className":50,"code":124481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124483,124484,124496],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124485,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124487,64],{"class":63},[57,124489,68],{"class":67},[57,124491,72],{"class":71},[57,124493,845],{"class":75},[57,124495,79],{"class":71},[57,124497,124498,124500,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124499,119],{"class":118},[57,124501,101],{"class":93},[57,124503,227],{"class":97},[57,124505,94],{"class":93},[57,124507,41500],{"class":97},[57,124509,101],{"class":93},[57,124511,293],{"class":97},[57,124513,640],{"class":93},[20,124515,124516,124517,94],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124518,293],{},[20,124520,1783],{},[48,124522,124524],{"className":50,"code":124523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124525,124526,124538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124527,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124529,64],{"class":63},[57,124531,68],{"class":67},[57,124533,72],{"class":71},[57,124535,845],{"class":75},[57,124537,79],{"class":71},[57,124539,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124541,119],{"class":118},[57,124543,101],{"class":93},[57,124545,227],{"class":97},[57,124547,94],{"class":93},[57,124549,41500],{"class":97},[57,124551,101],{"class":93},[57,124553,104],{"class":71},[57,124555,293],{"class":75},[57,124557,104],{"class":71},[57,124559,640],{"class":93},[572,124561,37444,124563,8940,124565,3114,124568],{"id":124562},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124564,57525],{},[15,124566,124567],{},"find()",[15,124569,59201],{},[20,124571,136,124572,124574,124575,94],{},[15,124573,57525],{}," when you need the ",[153,124576,124577],{},"number of matches",[20,124579,136,124580,124574,124585,124587],{},[293,124581,124583],{"href":124582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124584,124567],{},[153,124586,65177],{}," of the first match.",[20,124589,136,124590,124595],{},[293,124591,124593],{"href":124592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124594,59201],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[572,124597,124599],{"id":124598},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124601,124602,124604],{},[15,124603,57525],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124606,179],{},[48,124608,124610],{"className":50,"code":124609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124611,124612,124625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124613,124614,124616,124618,124620,124623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124615,64],{"class":63},[57,124617,68],{"class":67},[57,124619,72],{"class":71},[57,124621,124622],{"class":75},"aaaa",[57,124624,79],{"class":71},[57,124626,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124644,124646],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124628,119],{"class":118},[57,124630,101],{"class":93},[57,124632,227],{"class":97},[57,124634,94],{"class":93},[57,124636,41500],{"class":97},[57,124638,101],{"class":93},[57,124640,104],{"class":71},[57,124642,124643],{"class":75},"aa",[57,124645,104],{"class":71},[57,124647,640],{"class":93},[20,124649,243],{},[48,124651,124652],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124653,124654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124655,124656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124657,17290],{"class":1023},[20,124659,124660,124661,94],{},"It does not return ",[15,124662,2299],{},[20,124664,124665],{},"Why not?",[20,124667,124668],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124670,124671,124680],{},[33,124672,124673,124676,124677],{},[15,124674,124675],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124678,124679],{},"0-1",[33,124681,124682,124676,124684],{},[15,124683,124675],{},[15,124685,124686],{},"2-3",[20,124688,124689,124690,94],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124691,124692],{},"1-2",[43,124694,1637,124695],{"id":58606},[15,124696,57525],{},[20,124698,136,124699,124701],{},[15,124700,57525],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124703,124704],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124706,124707,124716,124726,124736],{},[33,124708,136,124709,124711,124712,124715],{},[15,124710,57525],{}," when you need ",[153,124713,124714],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124717,136,124718,124711,124722,124725],{},[293,124719,124720],{"href":124582},[15,124721,124567],{},[153,124723,124724],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124727,48047,124728,124732,124733],{},[293,124729,124730,101822],{"href":123827},[15,124731,4117],{}," when you only need to know ",[153,124734,124735],{},"if it exists",[33,124737,136,124738,124744],{},[293,124739,124741],{"href":124740},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124742,124743],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[43,124746,26180],{"id":26179},[20,124748,345,124749,124751],{},[15,124750,57525],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[48,124753,124755],{"className":50,"code":124754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124756,124757,124767,124781,124803,124829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124760,119],{"class":118},[57,124762,101],{"class":93},[57,124764,227],{"class":97},[57,124766,112],{"class":93},[57,124768,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,124770,119],{"class":118},[57,124772,101],{"class":93},[57,124774,1257],{"class":1256},[57,124776,101],{"class":93},[57,124778,227],{"class":97},[57,124780,640],{"class":93},[57,124782,124783,124785,124787,124789,124791,124793,124795,124797,124799,124801],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,124784,119],{"class":118},[57,124786,101],{"class":93},[57,124788,227],{"class":97},[57,124790,94],{"class":93},[57,124792,41500],{"class":97},[57,124794,101],{"class":93},[57,124796,104],{"class":71},[57,124798,293],{"class":75},[57,124800,104],{"class":71},[57,124802,640],{"class":93},[57,124804,124805,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,124806,119],{"class":118},[57,124808,101],{"class":93},[57,124810,227],{"class":97},[57,124812,94],{"class":93},[57,124814,8876],{"class":97},[57,124816,8873],{"class":93},[57,124818,41500],{"class":97},[57,124820,101],{"class":93},[57,124822,104],{"class":71},[57,124824,293],{"class":75},[57,124826,104],{"class":71},[57,124828,640],{"class":93},[57,124830,124831,124833,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,124832,119],{"class":118},[57,124834,101],{"class":93},[57,124836,227],{"class":97},[57,124838,94],{"class":93},[57,124840,41500],{"class":97},[57,124842,101],{"class":93},[57,124844,104],{"class":71},[57,124846,123665],{"class":75},[57,124848,104],{"class":71},[57,124850,640],{"class":93},[20,124852,124853],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124855,124856,124859,124864,124867],{},[33,124857,124858],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124860,124861,124863],{},[15,124862,227],{}," not being a string",[33,124865,124866],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124868,124869],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124871,59095],{},[30,124873,124874,124877,124880,124883],{},[33,124875,124876],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124878,124879],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124881,124882],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124884,50728,124885,44865,124887,3114,124889,73538],{},[15,124886,57525],{},[15,124888,124567],{},[15,124890,4117],{},[43,124892,2075],{"id":2074},[572,124894,124896,124897,2102],{"id":124895},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124898,57525],{},[20,124900,124901],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[572,124903,15135,124905,124907],{"id":124904},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124906,57525],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124909,124910],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[572,124912,2112,124914,124916],{"id":124913},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124915,57525],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124918,5380,124919,94],{},[15,124920,1277],{},[572,124922,5402,124924,124926],{"id":124923},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124925,57525],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124928,124929],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[572,124931,2099,124933,124935],{"id":124932},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124934,57525],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124937,124938],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[43,124940,2132],{"id":2131},[30,124942,124943,124950,124957,124964,124971],{},[33,124944,124945],{},[293,124946,124947],{"href":124582},[15,124948,124949],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124951,124952],{},[293,124953,124954],{"href":124592},[15,124955,124956],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124958,124959],{},[293,124960,124961],{"href":124299},[15,124962,124963],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124965,124966],{},[293,124967,124968],{"href":123827},[15,124969,124970],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124972,124973],{},[293,124974,124975],{"href":124740},[15,124976,124977],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2161,124979,124980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":124982},[124983,124984,124986,124989,124990,124991,124992,124995,124996,125004,125005,125006,125018],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":123693,"depth":82,"text":124985},"What the count() method does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":124987},[124988],{"id":17628,"depth":115,"text":17629},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":123909,"depth":82,"text":123910},{"id":65637,"depth":82,"text":66420,"children":124993},[124994],{"id":124130,"depth":115,"text":124131},{"id":124218,"depth":82,"text":124219},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":124997},[124998,125000,125001,125003],{"id":124364,"depth":115,"text":124999},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124474,"depth":115,"text":124475},{"id":124562,"depth":115,"text":125002},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124598,"depth":115,"text":124599},{"id":58606,"depth":82,"text":59237},{"id":26179,"depth":82,"text":26180},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":125007},[125008,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"id":124895,"depth":115,"text":125009},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124904,"depth":115,"text":125011},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124913,"depth":115,"text":125013},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124923,"depth":115,"text":125015},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124932,"depth":115,"text":125017},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123568,"description":125019},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125026,"title":125027,"body":125028,"description":126611,"extension":2201,"meta":126612,"navigation":217,"path":126613,"seo":126614,"stem":126615,"__hash__":126616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125029,"toc":126584},[125030,125033,125036,125133,125142,125144,125163,125167,125170,125173,125186,125189,125218,125223,125228,125286,125288,125321,125326,125330,125333,125336,125365,125368,125395,125398,125401,125405,125408,125415,125478,125480,125498,125501,125505,125508,125511,125553,125556,125600,125603,125606,125610,125615,125618,125661,125663,125686,125689,125722,125725,125774,125784,125788,125791,125794,125823,125826,125837,125839,125898,125901,125905,125908,125911,125926,125935,125938,125972,125975,126002,126005,126012,126014,126017,126019,126022,126036,126045,126047,126074,126078,126081,126095,126098,126157,126161,126164,126191,126194,126221,126229,126232,126292,126294,126327,126331,126334,126353,126358,126407,126412,126414,126417,126476,126494,126496,126500,126508,126512,126515,126519,126525,126529,126539,126543,126546,126548,126581],[10,125031,125027],{"id":125032},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125034,125035],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[48,125037,125039],{"className":50,"code":125038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125040,125041,125053,125065,125074,125088,125092,125102,125112,125123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125042,125043,125045,125047,125049,125051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125044,8112],{"class":63},[57,125046,68],{"class":67},[57,125048,72],{"class":71},[57,125050,5236],{"class":75},[57,125052,79],{"class":71},[57,125054,125055,125057,125059,125061,125063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125056,90228],{"class":63},[57,125058,68],{"class":67},[57,125060,271],{"class":71},[57,125062,35105],{"class":75},[57,125064,29938],{"class":71},[57,125066,125067,125070,125072],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125068,125069],{"class":63},"empty ",[57,125071,68],{"class":67},[57,125073,1487],{"class":71},[57,125075,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125077,64],{"class":63},[57,125079,68],{"class":67},[57,125081,49141],{"class":1256},[57,125083,101],{"class":93},[57,125085,50482],{"class":1023},[57,125087,112],{"class":93},[57,125089,125090],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125091,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125093,125094,125096,125098,125100],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,125095,119],{"class":118},[57,125097,101],{"class":93},[57,125099,1056],{"class":97},[57,125101,112],{"class":93},[57,125103,125104,125106,125108,125110],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,125105,119],{"class":118},[57,125107,101],{"class":93},[57,125109,90245],{"class":97},[57,125111,112],{"class":93},[57,125113,125114,125116,125118,125121],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,125115,119],{"class":118},[57,125117,101],{"class":93},[57,125119,125120],{"class":97},"empty",[57,125122,112],{"class":93},[57,125124,125125,125127,125129,125131],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,125126,119],{"class":118},[57,125128,101],{"class":93},[57,125130,227],{"class":97},[57,125132,112],{"class":93},[20,125134,125135,125138,125139,125141],{},[153,125136,125137],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125140,47920],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[43,125143,15395],{"id":15394},[30,125145,125146,125149,125152,125155,125160],{},[33,125147,125148],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,125150,125151],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,125153,125154],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,125156,125157,125158],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125159,47920],{},[33,125161,125162],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[43,125164,125166],{"id":125165},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125168,125169],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125171,125172],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,125174,125175,125178,125180,125183],{},[33,125176,125177],{},"Letters",[33,125179,56697],{},[33,125181,125182],{},"Spaces",[33,125184,125185],{},"Symbols",[20,125187,125188],{},"Examples of strings:",[48,125190,125192],{"className":50,"code":125191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125193,125194,125202,125210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125195,125196,125198,125200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125197,104],{"class":43563},[57,125199,1590],{"class":43567},[57,125201,79],{"class":43563},[57,125203,125204,125206,125208],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125205,104],{"class":43563},[57,125207,50482],{"class":43567},[57,125209,79],{"class":43563},[57,125211,125212,125214,125216],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125213,104],{"class":43563},[57,125215,89370],{"class":43567},[57,125217,79],{"class":43563},[20,125219,21213,125220,125222],{},[15,125221,50532],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125224,125225,125226,1016],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125227,2536],{},[48,125229,125231],{"className":50,"code":125230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125232,125233,125245,125254,125258,125272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125234,125235,125237,125239,125241,125243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125236,64],{"class":63},[57,125238,68],{"class":67},[57,125240,72],{"class":71},[57,125242,50482],{"class":75},[57,125244,79],{"class":71},[57,125246,125247,125249,125251],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125248,2450],{"class":63},[57,125250,68],{"class":67},[57,125252,125253],{"class":1023}," 123\n",[57,125255,125256],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125257,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125259,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125261,119],{"class":118},[57,125263,101],{"class":93},[57,125265,1257],{"class":1256},[57,125267,101],{"class":93},[57,125269,227],{"class":97},[57,125271,640],{"class":93},[57,125273,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282,125284],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125275,119],{"class":118},[57,125277,101],{"class":93},[57,125279,1257],{"class":1256},[57,125281,101],{"class":93},[57,125283,2473],{"class":97},[57,125285,640],{"class":93},[20,125287,243],{},[48,125289,125291],{"className":50,"code":125290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125292,125293,125307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125294,125295,125297,125299,125301,125303,125305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125296,1323],{"class":67},[57,125298,1327],{"class":1326},[57,125300,271],{"class":71},[57,125302,3676],{"class":75},[57,125304,261],{"class":71},[57,125306,1336],{"class":67},[57,125308,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317,125319],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125310,1323],{"class":67},[57,125312,1327],{"class":1326},[57,125314,271],{"class":71},[57,125316,2423],{"class":75},[57,125318,261],{"class":71},[57,125320,1336],{"class":67},[20,125322,125323,125324,94],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[293,125325,296],{"href":295},[43,125327,125329],{"id":125328},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125331,125332],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125334,125335],{},"You can use single quotes:",[48,125337,125339],{"className":50,"code":125338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125340,125341,125354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125342,125343,125346,125348,125350,125352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125344,125345],{"class":63},"greeting ",[57,125347,68],{"class":67},[57,125349,271],{"class":71},[57,125351,1590],{"class":75},[57,125353,29938],{"class":71},[57,125355,125356,125358,125360,125363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125357,119],{"class":118},[57,125359,101],{"class":93},[57,125361,125362],{"class":97},"greeting",[57,125364,112],{"class":93},[20,125366,125367],{},"Or double quotes:",[48,125369,125371],{"className":50,"code":125370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125372,125373,125385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125374,125375,125377,125379,125381,125383],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125376,125345],{"class":63},[57,125378,68],{"class":67},[57,125380,72],{"class":71},[57,125382,1590],{"class":75},[57,125384,79],{"class":71},[57,125386,125387,125389,125391,125393],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125388,119],{"class":118},[57,125390,101],{"class":93},[57,125392,125362],{"class":97},[57,125394,112],{"class":93},[20,125396,125397],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125399,125400],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[43,125402,125404],{"id":125403},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125406,125407],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125409,125410,125411,3114,125413,1016],{},"Use either ",[15,125412,6506],{},[15,125414,1565],{},[48,125416,125418],{"className":50,"code":125417,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125419,125420,125429,125438,125442,125453,125464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125421,125422,125425,125427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125423,125424],{"class":63},"empty1 ",[57,125426,68],{"class":67},[57,125428,1487],{"class":71},[57,125430,125431,125434,125436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125432,125433],{"class":63},"empty2 ",[57,125435,68],{"class":67},[57,125437,47732],{"class":71},[57,125439,125440],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125441,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125443,125444,125446,125448,125451],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125445,119],{"class":118},[57,125447,101],{"class":93},[57,125449,125450],{"class":97},"empty1",[57,125452,112],{"class":93},[57,125454,125455,125457,125459,125462],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125456,119],{"class":118},[57,125458,101],{"class":93},[57,125460,125461],{"class":97},"empty2",[57,125463,112],{"class":93},[57,125465,125466,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,125467,119],{"class":118},[57,125469,101],{"class":93},[57,125471,1257],{"class":1256},[57,125473,101],{"class":93},[57,125475,125450],{"class":97},[57,125477,640],{"class":93},[20,125479,243],{},[48,125481,125482],{"className":50,"code":46006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,125483,125484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125485,125486,125488,125490,125492,125494,125496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125487,1323],{"class":67},[57,125489,1327],{"class":1326},[57,125491,271],{"class":71},[57,125493,3676],{"class":75},[57,125495,261],{"class":71},[57,125497,1336],{"class":67},[20,125499,125500],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[43,125502,125504],{"id":125503},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125506,125507],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125509,125510],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[48,125512,125514],{"className":50,"code":125513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125515,125516,125527,125532,125539,125543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125517,125518,125520,125522,125525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125519,90228],{"class":63},[57,125521,68],{"class":67},[57,125523,125524],{"class":71}," \"\"\"",[57,125526,89170],{"class":75},[57,125528,125529],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125530,125531],{"class":75},"Welcome to Python\n",[57,125533,125534,125537],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125535,125536],{"class":75},"Have a nice day",[57,125538,43571],{"class":71},[57,125540,125541],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125542,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125546,119],{"class":118},[57,125548,101],{"class":93},[57,125550,90245],{"class":97},[57,125552,112],{"class":93},[20,125554,125555],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[48,125557,125559],{"className":50,"code":125558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125560,125561,125573,125578,125586,125590],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125562,125563,125565,125567,125570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125564,90228],{"class":63},[57,125566,68],{"class":67},[57,125568,125569],{"class":71}," '''",[57,125571,125572],{"class":75},"Line 1\n",[57,125574,125575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125576,125577],{"class":75},"Line 2\n",[57,125579,125580,125583],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125581,125582],{"class":75},"Line 3",[57,125584,125585],{"class":71},"'''\n",[57,125587,125588],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125589,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125593,119],{"class":118},[57,125595,101],{"class":93},[57,125597,90245],{"class":97},[57,125599,112],{"class":93},[20,125601,125602],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125604,125605],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[43,125607,125609],{"id":125608},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125611,2218,125612,125614],{},[15,125613,47920],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125616,125617],{},"Example with a number:",[48,125619,125621],{"className":50,"code":125620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125622,125623,125637,125647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125624,125625,125627,125629,125631,125633,125635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125626,64],{"class":63},[57,125628,68],{"class":67},[57,125630,49141],{"class":1256},[57,125632,101],{"class":93},[57,125634,46762],{"class":1023},[57,125636,112],{"class":93},[57,125638,125639,125641,125643,125645],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125640,119],{"class":118},[57,125642,101],{"class":93},[57,125644,227],{"class":97},[57,125646,112],{"class":93},[57,125648,125649,125651,125653,125655,125657,125659],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125650,119],{"class":118},[57,125652,101],{"class":93},[57,125654,1257],{"class":1256},[57,125656,101],{"class":93},[57,125658,227],{"class":97},[57,125660,640],{"class":93},[20,125662,243],{},[48,125664,125666],{"className":50,"code":125665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125667,125668,125672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125669,125670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125671,46848],{"class":1023},[57,125673,125674,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125675,1323],{"class":67},[57,125677,1327],{"class":1326},[57,125679,271],{"class":71},[57,125681,3676],{"class":75},[57,125683,261],{"class":71},[57,125685,1336],{"class":67},[20,125687,125688],{},"You can also convert other values:",[48,125690,125692],{"className":50,"code":125691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125693,125694,125708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125695,125696,125698,125700,125702,125704,125706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125697,119],{"class":118},[57,125699,101],{"class":93},[57,125701,3676],{"class":1256},[57,125703,101],{"class":93},[57,125705,3838],{"class":4085},[57,125707,640],{"class":93},[57,125709,125710,125712,125714,125716,125718,125720],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125711,119],{"class":118},[57,125713,101],{"class":93},[57,125715,3676],{"class":1256},[57,125717,101],{"class":93},[57,125719,40383],{"class":1023},[57,125721,640],{"class":93},[20,125723,125724],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[48,125726,125728],{"className":50,"code":125727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125729,125730,125738,125760,125764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125731,125732,125734,125736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125733,21864],{"class":63},[57,125735,68],{"class":67},[57,125737,45461],{"class":1023},[57,125739,125740,125742,125744,125746,125748,125750,125752,125754,125756,125758],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125741,90228],{"class":63},[57,125743,68],{"class":67},[57,125745,72],{"class":71},[57,125747,89646],{"class":75},[57,125749,104],{"class":71},[57,125751,2689],{"class":67},[57,125753,49141],{"class":1256},[57,125755,101],{"class":93},[57,125757,1065],{"class":97},[57,125759,112],{"class":93},[57,125761,125762],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125763,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125765,125766,125768,125770,125772],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125767,119],{"class":118},[57,125769,101],{"class":93},[57,125771,90245],{"class":97},[57,125773,112],{"class":93},[20,125775,125776,125777,3114,125781,94],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[293,125778,3809,125779,3742],{"href":42415},[15,125780,47920],{},[293,125782,125783],{"href":123499},"how to convert int to string in Python",[43,125785,125787],{"id":125786},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125789,125790],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125792,125793],{},"Both of these are valid:",[48,125795,125797],{"className":50,"code":125796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125798,125799,125811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125800,125801,125803,125805,125807,125809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125802,2790],{"class":63},[57,125804,68],{"class":67},[57,125806,271],{"class":71},[57,125808,528],{"class":75},[57,125810,29938],{"class":71},[57,125812,125813,125815,125817,125819,125821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125814,2818],{"class":63},[57,125816,68],{"class":67},[57,125818,72],{"class":71},[57,125820,528],{"class":75},[57,125822,79],{"class":71},[20,125824,125825],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125827,125828,125831,125834],{},[33,125829,125830],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125832,125833],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125835,125836],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125838,179],{},[48,125840,125842],{"className":50,"code":125841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125843,125844,125858,125872,125876,125887],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125845,125846,125849,125851,125853,125856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125847,125848],{"class":63},"text1 ",[57,125850,68],{"class":67},[57,125852,72],{"class":71},[57,125854,125855],{"class":75},"It's working",[57,125857,79],{"class":71},[57,125859,125860,125863,125865,125867,125870],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125861,125862],{"class":63},"text2 ",[57,125864,68],{"class":67},[57,125866,271],{"class":71},[57,125868,125869],{"class":75},"She said \"hello\"",[57,125871,29938],{"class":71},[57,125873,125874],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,125875,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,125877,125878,125880,125882,125885],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,125879,119],{"class":118},[57,125881,101],{"class":93},[57,125883,125884],{"class":97},"text1",[57,125886,112],{"class":93},[57,125888,125889,125891,125893,125896],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,125890,119],{"class":118},[57,125892,101],{"class":93},[57,125894,125895],{"class":97},"text2",[57,125897,112],{"class":93},[20,125899,125900],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[43,125902,125904],{"id":125903},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125906,125907],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125909,125910],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[48,125912,125914],{"className":50,"code":125913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125915,125916,125921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125917,125918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125919,125920],{"class":132},"# This will cause an error\n",[57,125922,125923],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125924,125925],{"class":132},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125927,125928,125929,35568,125931,125934],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125930,261],{},[15,125932,125933],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125936,125937],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[48,125939,125941],{"className":50,"code":125940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125942,125943,125962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125944,125945,125947,125949,125951,125954,125957,125960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125946,64],{"class":63},[57,125948,68],{"class":67},[57,125950,271],{"class":71},[57,125952,125953],{"class":75},"It",[57,125955,125956],{"class":472},"\\'",[57,125958,125959],{"class":75},"s working",[57,125961,29938],{"class":71},[57,125963,125964,125966,125968,125970],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125965,119],{"class":118},[57,125967,101],{"class":93},[57,125969,227],{"class":97},[57,125971,112],{"class":93},[20,125973,125974],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[48,125976,125978],{"className":50,"code":125977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125979,125980,125992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125981,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125983,64],{"class":63},[57,125985,68],{"class":67},[57,125987,72],{"class":71},[57,125989,125855],{"class":75},[57,125991,79],{"class":71},[57,125993,125994,125996,125998,126000],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,125995,119],{"class":118},[57,125997,101],{"class":93},[57,125999,227],{"class":97},[57,126001,112],{"class":93},[20,126003,126004],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126006,126007,126008,94],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[293,126009,126011],{"href":126010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[43,126013,1673],{"id":1672},[20,126015,126016],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[572,126018,90435],{"id":90434},[20,126020,126021],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[48,126023,126025],{"className":50,"code":126024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126026,126027,126031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126028,126029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126030,125920],{"class":132},[57,126032,126033],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126034,126035],{"class":132},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126037,126038,126039,8837,126042,126044],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126040,126041],{},"NameError",[15,126043,5236],{}," is not defined.",[20,126046,1783],{},[48,126048,126050],{"className":50,"code":126049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126051,126052,126064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126053,126054,126056,126058,126060,126062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126055,8112],{"class":63},[57,126057,68],{"class":67},[57,126059,72],{"class":71},[57,126061,5236],{"class":75},[57,126063,79],{"class":71},[57,126065,126066,126068,126070,126072],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126067,119],{"class":118},[57,126069,101],{"class":93},[57,126071,1056],{"class":97},[57,126073,112],{"class":93},[572,126075,126077],{"id":126076},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126079,126080],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[48,126082,126084],{"className":50,"code":126083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126085,126086,126090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126087,126088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126089,125920],{"class":132},[57,126091,126092],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126093,126094],{"class":132},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126096,126097],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[48,126099,126101],{"className":50,"code":126100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126102,126103,126120,126133,126137,126147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126104,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126106,125848],{"class":63},[57,126108,68],{"class":67},[57,126110,271],{"class":71},[57,126112,125953],{"class":75},[57,126114,125956],{"class":472},[57,126116,126117],{"class":75},"s good",[57,126119,29938],{"class":71},[57,126121,126122,126124,126126,126128,126131],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126123,125862],{"class":63},[57,126125,68],{"class":67},[57,126127,72],{"class":71},[57,126129,126130],{"class":75},"It's good",[57,126132,79],{"class":71},[57,126134,126135],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126136,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,126138,126139,126141,126143,126145],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,126140,119],{"class":118},[57,126142,101],{"class":93},[57,126144,125884],{"class":97},[57,126146,112],{"class":93},[57,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,126150,119],{"class":118},[57,126152,101],{"class":93},[57,126154,125895],{"class":97},[57,126156,112],{"class":93},[572,126158,126160],{"id":126159},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126162,126163],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[48,126165,126167],{"className":50,"code":126166,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126168,126169,126181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126170,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126172,64],{"class":63},[57,126174,68],{"class":67},[57,126176,125524],{"class":71},[57,126178,1590],{"class":75},[57,126180,43571],{"class":71},[57,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126184,119],{"class":118},[57,126186,101],{"class":93},[57,126188,227],{"class":97},[57,126190,112],{"class":93},[20,126192,126193],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[48,126195,126197],{"className":50,"code":126196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126198,126199,126211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126202,64],{"class":63},[57,126204,68],{"class":67},[57,126206,72],{"class":71},[57,126208,1590],{"class":75},[57,126210,79],{"class":71},[57,126212,126213,126215,126217,126219],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126214,119],{"class":118},[57,126216,101],{"class":93},[57,126218,227],{"class":97},[57,126220,112],{"class":93},[572,126222,4812,126224,2082,126226,126228],{"id":126223},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126225,50482],{},[15,126227,50532],{}," are the same type",[20,126230,126231],{},"They are different:",[48,126233,126235],{"className":50,"code":126234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126236,126237,126246,126259,126263,126277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126238,126239,126242,126244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126240,126241],{"class":63},"value1 ",[57,126243,68],{"class":67},[57,126245,125253],{"class":1023},[57,126247,126248,126251,126253,126255,126257],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126249,126250],{"class":63},"value2 ",[57,126252,68],{"class":67},[57,126254,72],{"class":71},[57,126256,50482],{"class":75},[57,126258,79],{"class":71},[57,126260,126261],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126262,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,126264,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,126266,119],{"class":118},[57,126268,101],{"class":93},[57,126270,1257],{"class":1256},[57,126272,101],{"class":93},[57,126274,84993],{"class":97},[57,126276,640],{"class":93},[57,126278,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287,126290],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,126280,119],{"class":118},[57,126282,101],{"class":93},[57,126284,1257],{"class":1256},[57,126286,101],{"class":93},[57,126288,126289],{"class":97},"value2",[57,126291,640],{"class":93},[20,126293,243],{},[48,126295,126297],{"className":50,"code":126296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126298,126299,126313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126300,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126302,1323],{"class":67},[57,126304,1327],{"class":1326},[57,126306,271],{"class":71},[57,126308,2423],{"class":75},[57,126310,261],{"class":71},[57,126312,1336],{"class":67},[57,126314,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126316,1323],{"class":67},[57,126318,1327],{"class":1326},[57,126320,271],{"class":71},[57,126322,3676],{"class":75},[57,126324,261],{"class":71},[57,126326,1336],{"class":67},[572,126328,126330],{"id":126329},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126332,126333],{},"This causes a type error:",[48,126335,126337],{"className":50,"code":126336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126338,126339,126343,126348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126340,126341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126342,125920],{"class":132},[57,126344,126345],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126346,126347],{"class":132},"# age = 10\n",[57,126349,126350],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126351,126352],{"class":132},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126354,126355,126356,1016],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126357,47920],{},[48,126359,126361],{"className":50,"code":126360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126362,126363,126371,126393,126397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126364,126365,126367,126369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126366,21864],{"class":63},[57,126368,68],{"class":67},[57,126370,2823],{"class":1023},[57,126372,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387,126389,126391],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126374,90228],{"class":63},[57,126376,68],{"class":67},[57,126378,72],{"class":71},[57,126380,89646],{"class":75},[57,126382,104],{"class":71},[57,126384,2689],{"class":67},[57,126386,49141],{"class":1256},[57,126388,101],{"class":93},[57,126390,1065],{"class":97},[57,126392,112],{"class":93},[57,126394,126395],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126396,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,126398,126399,126401,126403,126405],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,126400,119],{"class":118},[57,126402,101],{"class":93},[57,126404,90245],{"class":97},[57,126406,112],{"class":93},[20,126408,126409,126410,94],{},"For this specific error, see ",[293,126411,90627],{"href":90626},[572,126413,1944],{"id":1943},[20,126415,126416],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[48,126418,126420],{"className":50,"code":126419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126421,126422,126434,126438,126448,126462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126423,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126425,64],{"class":63},[57,126427,68],{"class":67},[57,126429,72],{"class":71},[57,126431,1590],{"class":75},[57,126433,79],{"class":71},[57,126435,126436],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126437,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,126439,126440,126442,126444,126446],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126441,119],{"class":118},[57,126443,101],{"class":93},[57,126445,227],{"class":97},[57,126447,112],{"class":93},[57,126449,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,126451,119],{"class":118},[57,126453,101],{"class":93},[57,126455,1257],{"class":1256},[57,126457,101],{"class":93},[57,126459,227],{"class":97},[57,126461,640],{"class":93},[57,126463,126464,126466,126468,126470,126472,126474],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,126465,119],{"class":118},[57,126467,101],{"class":93},[57,126469,42019],{"class":118},[57,126471,101],{"class":93},[57,126473,227],{"class":97},[57,126475,640],{"class":93},[30,126477,126478,126483,126488],{},[33,126479,126480,46514],{},[15,126481,126482],{},"print(text)",[33,126484,126485,46519],{},[15,126486,126487],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126489,126490,126493],{},[15,126491,126492],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[43,126495,2075],{"id":2074},[572,126497,126499],{"id":126498},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126501,126502,126503,3114,126506,94],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126504,126505],{},"'hello'",[15,126507,64765],{},[572,126509,126511],{"id":126510},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126513,126514],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[572,126516,126518],{"id":126517},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126520,136,126521,3114,126523,94],{},[15,126522,6506],{},[15,126524,1565],{},[572,126526,126528],{"id":126527},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126530,136,126531,126533,126534,126536,126537,94],{},[15,126532,47920],{},", like ",[15,126535,80604],{},", which returns ",[15,126538,42366],{},[572,126540,126542],{"id":126541},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126544,126545],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[43,126547,2132],{"id":2131},[30,126549,126550,126554,126560,126565,126573,126577],{},[33,126551,126552],{},[293,126553,296],{"href":295},[33,126555,126556],{},[293,126557,3809,126558,3742],{"href":42415},[15,126559,47920],{},[33,126561,126562],{},[293,126563,126564],{"href":123499},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126566,126567],{},[293,126568,738,126570,742],{"href":126569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126571,126572],{},"format()",[33,126574,126575],{},[293,126576,126011],{"href":126010},[33,126578,126579],{},[293,126580,90627],{"href":90626},[2161,126582,126583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":126585},[126586,126587,126588,126589,126590,126591,126592,126593,126594,126603,126610],{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":125165,"depth":82,"text":125166},{"id":125328,"depth":82,"text":125329},{"id":125403,"depth":82,"text":125404},{"id":125503,"depth":82,"text":125504},{"id":125608,"depth":82,"text":125609},{"id":125786,"depth":82,"text":125787},{"id":125903,"depth":82,"text":125904},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":126595},[126596,126597,126598,126599,126601,126602],{"id":90434,"depth":115,"text":90435},{"id":126076,"depth":115,"text":126077},{"id":126159,"depth":115,"text":126160},{"id":126223,"depth":115,"text":126600},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126329,"depth":115,"text":126330},{"id":1943,"depth":115,"text":1944},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":126604},[126605,126606,126607,126608,126609],{"id":126498,"depth":115,"text":126499},{"id":126510,"depth":115,"text":126511},{"id":126517,"depth":115,"text":126518},{"id":126527,"depth":115,"text":126528},{"id":126541,"depth":115,"text":126542},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125027,"description":126611},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126618,"title":126619,"body":126620,"description":128534,"extension":2201,"meta":128535,"navigation":217,"path":128536,"seo":128537,"stem":128538,"__hash__":128539},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126621,"toc":128495},[126622,126628,126633,126641,126643,126710,126712,126724,126733,126738,126742,126759,126761,126826,126828,126840,126845,126847,126875,126896,126899,126938,126940,126948,126952,126956,126960,126968,126971,127012,127014,127022,127025,127082,127084,127092,127096,127101,127145,127147,127155,127164,127168,127173,127221,127223,127231,127237,127239,127243,127255,127260,127339,127341,127361,127365,127369,127409,127411,127419,127423,127466,127468,127476,127480,127520,127522,127530,127534,127590,127592,127600,127606,127608,127612,127622,127689,127691,127704,127711,127754,127756,127764,127768,127771,127827,127829,127837,127840,127842,127919,127921,127929,127938,127940,127944,127948,127950,127972,127975,128022,128026,128065,128067,128075,128077,128119,128126,128131,128193,128195,128207,128213,128218,128267,128269,128288,128294,128296,128315,128317,128408,128410,128416,128423,128429,128435,128440,128449,128456,128464,128466,128492],[10,126623,13,126625,18],{"id":126624},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126626,126627],{},"endswith()",[20,126629,22,126630,126632],{},[15,126631,126627],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126634,126635,126636,3114,126638,126640],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126637,3838],{},[15,126639,3909],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[43,126642,46],{"id":45},[48,126644,126646],{"className":50,"code":126645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126647,126648,126662,126687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126649,126650,126653,126655,126657,126660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126651,126652],{"class":63},"filename ",[57,126654,68],{"class":67},[57,126656,72],{"class":71},[57,126658,126659],{"class":75},"report.csv",[57,126661,79],{"class":71},[57,126663,126664,126666,126668,126671,126673,126676,126678,126680,126683,126685],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126665,119],{"class":118},[57,126667,101],{"class":93},[57,126669,126670],{"class":97},"filename",[57,126672,94],{"class":93},[57,126674,126675],{"class":97},"endswith",[57,126677,101],{"class":93},[57,126679,104],{"class":71},[57,126681,126682],{"class":75},".csv",[57,126684,104],{"class":71},[57,126686,640],{"class":93},[57,126688,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126706,126708],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126690,119],{"class":118},[57,126692,101],{"class":93},[57,126694,126670],{"class":97},[57,126696,94],{"class":93},[57,126698,126675],{"class":97},[57,126700,101],{"class":93},[57,126702,104],{"class":71},[57,126704,126705],{"class":75},".txt",[57,126707,104],{"class":71},[57,126709,640],{"class":93},[20,126711,243],{},[48,126713,126714],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126715,126716,126720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126717,126718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126719,4213],{"class":4085},[57,126721,126722],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126723,4274],{"class":4085},[20,126725,136,126726,5602,126728,3114,126730,126732],{},[15,126727,126627],{},[15,126729,3838],{},[15,126731,3909],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[43,126734,143,126736,146],{"id":126735},"what-endswith-does",[15,126737,126627],{},[20,126739,126740,1016],{},[15,126741,126627],{},[30,126743,126744,126747,126753,126756],{},[33,126745,126746],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126748,11655,126749,3114,126751],{},[15,126750,3838],{},[15,126752,3909],{},[33,126754,126755],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126757,126758],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126760,179],{},[48,126762,126764],{"className":50,"code":126763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126765,126766,126778,126782,126804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126767,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126769,64],{"class":63},[57,126771,68],{"class":67},[57,126773,72],{"class":71},[57,126775,60640],{"class":75},[57,126777,79],{"class":71},[57,126779,126780],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126781,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,126783,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,126785,119],{"class":118},[57,126787,101],{"class":93},[57,126789,227],{"class":97},[57,126791,94],{"class":93},[57,126793,126675],{"class":97},[57,126795,101],{"class":93},[57,126797,104],{"class":71},[57,126799,60824],{"class":75},[57,126801,104],{"class":71},[57,126803,640],{"class":93},[57,126805,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,126807,119],{"class":118},[57,126809,101],{"class":93},[57,126811,227],{"class":97},[57,126813,94],{"class":93},[57,126815,126675],{"class":97},[57,126817,101],{"class":93},[57,126819,104],{"class":71},[57,126821,1590],{"class":75},[57,126823,104],{"class":71},[57,126825,640],{"class":93},[20,126827,243],{},[48,126829,126830],{"className":50,"code":44409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126831,126832,126836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126833,126834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126835,4213],{"class":4085},[57,126837,126838],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126839,4274],{"class":4085},[20,126841,126842,126843,94],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[293,126844,296],{"href":295},[43,126846,300],{"id":299},[48,126848,126850],{"className":50,"code":126849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126851,126852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126853,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126855,310],{"class":63},[57,126857,94],{"class":93},[57,126859,126675],{"class":97},[57,126861,101],{"class":93},[57,126863,126864],{"class":97},"suffix",[57,126866,107],{"class":93},[57,126868,36291],{"class":97},[57,126870,107],{"class":93},[57,126872,65271],{"class":97},[57,126874,112],{"class":93},[30,126876,126877,126882,126889],{},[33,126878,126879,126881],{},[15,126880,126864],{}," is required",[33,126883,126884,2082,126886,126888],{},[15,126885,36312],{},[15,126887,52895],{}," are optional",[33,126890,126891,2082,126893,126895],{},[15,126892,36312],{},[15,126894,52895],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126897,126898],{},"Basic example:",[48,126900,126902],{"className":50,"code":126901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126903,126904,126916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126905,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126907,126652],{"class":63},[57,126909,68],{"class":67},[57,126911,72],{"class":71},[57,126913,87117],{"class":75},[57,126915,79],{"class":71},[57,126917,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126919,119],{"class":118},[57,126921,101],{"class":93},[57,126923,126670],{"class":97},[57,126925,94],{"class":93},[57,126927,126675],{"class":97},[57,126929,101],{"class":93},[57,126931,104],{"class":71},[57,126933,126705],{"class":75},[57,126935,104],{"class":71},[57,126937,640],{"class":93},[20,126939,243],{},[48,126941,126942],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126943,126944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126945,126946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126947,4213],{"class":4085},[43,126949,126951],{"id":126950},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[572,126953,126954],{"id":126864},[15,126955,126864],{},[20,126957,126958,30989],{},[15,126959,126864],{},[30,126961,126962,126965],{},[33,126963,126964],{},"A single string",[33,126966,126967],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126969,126970],{},"Single suffix:",[48,126972,126974],{"className":50,"code":126973,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126975,126976,126989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126977,126978,126980,126982,126984,126987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126979,8112],{"class":63},[57,126981,68],{"class":67},[57,126983,72],{"class":71},[57,126985,126986],{"class":75},"image.png",[57,126988,79],{"class":71},[57,126990,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127008,127010],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,126992,119],{"class":118},[57,126994,101],{"class":93},[57,126996,1056],{"class":97},[57,126998,94],{"class":93},[57,127000,126675],{"class":97},[57,127002,101],{"class":93},[57,127004,104],{"class":71},[57,127006,127007],{"class":75},".png",[57,127009,104],{"class":71},[57,127011,640],{"class":93},[20,127013,243],{},[48,127015,127016],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127017,127018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127019,127020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127021,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127023,127024],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[48,127026,127028],{"className":50,"code":127027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127029,127030,127042],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127031,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127033,8112],{"class":63},[57,127035,68],{"class":67},[57,127037,72],{"class":71},[57,127039,126986],{"class":75},[57,127041,79],{"class":71},[57,127043,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127078,127080],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127045,119],{"class":118},[57,127047,101],{"class":93},[57,127049,1056],{"class":97},[57,127051,94],{"class":93},[57,127053,126675],{"class":97},[57,127055,5743],{"class":93},[57,127057,104],{"class":71},[57,127059,127060],{"class":75},".jpg",[57,127062,104],{"class":71},[57,127064,107],{"class":93},[57,127066,72],{"class":71},[57,127068,127007],{"class":75},[57,127070,104],{"class":71},[57,127072,107],{"class":93},[57,127074,72],{"class":71},[57,127076,127077],{"class":75},".gif",[57,127079,104],{"class":71},[57,127081,2028],{"class":93},[20,127083,243],{},[48,127085,127086],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127087,127088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127089,127090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127091,4213],{"class":4085},[572,127093,127094],{"id":36312},[15,127095,36312],{},[20,127097,127098,127100],{},[15,127099,36312],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[48,127102,127104],{"className":50,"code":127103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127105,127106,127119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127107,127108,127110,127112,127114,127117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127109,64],{"class":63},[57,127111,68],{"class":67},[57,127113,72],{"class":71},[57,127115,127116],{"class":75},"my_report.csv",[57,127118,79],{"class":71},[57,127120,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127122,119],{"class":118},[57,127124,101],{"class":93},[57,127126,227],{"class":97},[57,127128,94],{"class":93},[57,127130,126675],{"class":97},[57,127132,101],{"class":93},[57,127134,104],{"class":71},[57,127136,126682],{"class":75},[57,127138,104],{"class":71},[57,127140,107],{"class":93},[57,127142,2686],{"class":1023},[57,127144,640],{"class":93},[20,127146,243],{},[48,127148,127149],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127150,127151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127152,127153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127154,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127156,127157,127158,127160,127161,94],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127159,2299],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127162,127163],{},"\"report.csv\"",[572,127165,127166],{"id":52895},[15,127167,52895],{},[20,127169,127170,127172],{},[15,127171,52895],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[48,127174,127176],{"className":50,"code":127175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127177,127178,127191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127179,127180,127182,127184,127186,127189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127181,64],{"class":63},[57,127183,68],{"class":67},[57,127185,72],{"class":71},[57,127187,127188],{"class":75},"report.csv backup",[57,127190,79],{"class":71},[57,127192,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127194,119],{"class":118},[57,127196,101],{"class":93},[57,127198,227],{"class":97},[57,127200,94],{"class":93},[57,127202,126675],{"class":97},[57,127204,101],{"class":93},[57,127206,104],{"class":71},[57,127208,126682],{"class":75},[57,127210,104],{"class":71},[57,127212,107],{"class":93},[57,127214,4068],{"class":1023},[57,127216,107],{"class":93},[57,127218,6238],{"class":1023},[57,127220,640],{"class":93},[20,127222,243],{},[48,127224,127225],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127226,127227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127228,127229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127230,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127232,127233,127234,127236],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127235,127163],{}," and ignores the rest.",[43,127238,17653],{"id":17652},[20,127240,127241,25746],{},[15,127242,126627],{},[30,127244,127245,127250],{},[33,127246,127247,127249],{},[15,127248,3838],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,127251,127252,127254],{},[15,127253,3909],{}," if it does not",[20,127256,127257,127258,7408],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127259,7233],{},[48,127261,127263],{"className":50,"code":127262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127264,127265,127278,127282,127303,127318,127324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127268,126652],{"class":63},[57,127270,68],{"class":67},[57,127272,72],{"class":71},[57,127274,127275],{"class":75},"data.csv",[57,127277,79],{"class":71},[57,127279,127280],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127281,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,127283,127284,127286,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,127285,7233],{"class":4110},[57,127287,127288],{"class":63}," filename",[57,127290,94],{"class":93},[57,127292,126675],{"class":97},[57,127294,101],{"class":93},[57,127296,104],{"class":71},[57,127298,126682],{"class":75},[57,127300,104],{"class":71},[57,127302,8577],{"class":93},[57,127304,127305,127307,127309,127311,127314,127316],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,127306,8304],{"class":118},[57,127308,101],{"class":93},[57,127310,104],{"class":71},[57,127312,127313],{"class":75},"This is a CSV file.",[57,127315,104],{"class":71},[57,127317,112],{"class":93},[57,127319,127320,127322],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,127321,27672],{"class":4110},[57,127323,6628],{"class":93},[57,127325,127326,127328,127330,127332,127335,127337],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,127327,8304],{"class":118},[57,127329,101],{"class":93},[57,127331,104],{"class":71},[57,127333,127334],{"class":75},"This is not a CSV file.",[57,127336,104],{"class":71},[57,127338,112],{"class":93},[20,127340,243],{},[48,127342,127344],{"className":50,"code":127343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127345,127346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127347,127348,127350,127352,127354,127357,127359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127349,50115],{"class":63},[57,127351,537],{"class":67},[57,127353,44780],{"class":63},[57,127355,127356],{"class":472},"CSV",[57,127358,86858],{"class":86857},[57,127360,122606],{"class":93},[43,127362,127364],{"id":127363},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[572,127366,127368],{"id":127367},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[48,127370,127372],{"className":50,"code":127371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127373,127374,127387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127377,126652],{"class":63},[57,127379,68],{"class":67},[57,127381,72],{"class":71},[57,127383,127384],{"class":75},"sales.csv",[57,127386,79],{"class":71},[57,127388,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127390,119],{"class":118},[57,127392,101],{"class":93},[57,127394,126670],{"class":97},[57,127396,94],{"class":93},[57,127398,126675],{"class":97},[57,127400,101],{"class":93},[57,127402,104],{"class":71},[57,127404,126682],{"class":75},[57,127406,104],{"class":71},[57,127408,640],{"class":93},[20,127410,243],{},[48,127412,127413],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127414,127415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127416,127417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127418,4213],{"class":4085},[572,127420,127422],{"id":127421},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[48,127424,127426],{"className":50,"code":127425,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127427,127428,127442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127429,127430,127433,127435,127437,127440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127431,127432],{"class":63},"url ",[57,127434,68],{"class":67},[57,127436,72],{"class":71},[57,127438,127439],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[57,127441,79],{"class":71},[57,127443,127444,127446,127448,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127462,127464],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127445,119],{"class":118},[57,127447,101],{"class":93},[57,127449,127450],{"class":97},"url",[57,127452,94],{"class":93},[57,127454,126675],{"class":97},[57,127456,101],{"class":93},[57,127458,104],{"class":71},[57,127460,127461],{"class":75},"\u002F",[57,127463,104],{"class":71},[57,127465,640],{"class":93},[20,127467,243],{},[48,127469,127470],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127471,127472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127473,127474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127475,4213],{"class":4085},[572,127477,127479],{"id":127478},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[48,127481,127483],{"className":50,"code":127482,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127484,127485,127498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127486,127487,127489,127491,127493,127496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127488,90228],{"class":63},[57,127490,68],{"class":67},[57,127492,72],{"class":71},[57,127494,127495],{"class":75},"Hello!",[57,127497,79],{"class":71},[57,127499,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127501,119],{"class":118},[57,127503,101],{"class":93},[57,127505,90245],{"class":97},[57,127507,94],{"class":93},[57,127509,126675],{"class":97},[57,127511,101],{"class":93},[57,127513,104],{"class":71},[57,127515,90069],{"class":75},[57,127517,104],{"class":71},[57,127519,640],{"class":93},[20,127521,243],{},[48,127523,127524],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127525,127526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127527,127528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127529,4213],{"class":4085},[572,127531,127533],{"id":127532},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[48,127535,127537],{"className":50,"code":127536,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127538,127539,127552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127540,127541,127543,127545,127547,127550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127542,126652],{"class":63},[57,127544,68],{"class":67},[57,127546,72],{"class":71},[57,127548,127549],{"class":75},"photo.jpg",[57,127551,79],{"class":71},[57,127553,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127555,119],{"class":118},[57,127557,101],{"class":93},[57,127559,126670],{"class":97},[57,127561,94],{"class":93},[57,127563,126675],{"class":97},[57,127565,5743],{"class":93},[57,127567,104],{"class":71},[57,127569,127060],{"class":75},[57,127571,104],{"class":71},[57,127573,107],{"class":93},[57,127575,72],{"class":71},[57,127577,127007],{"class":75},[57,127579,104],{"class":71},[57,127581,107],{"class":93},[57,127583,72],{"class":71},[57,127585,127077],{"class":75},[57,127587,104],{"class":71},[57,127589,2028],{"class":93},[20,127591,243],{},[48,127593,127594],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127595,127596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127597,127598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127599,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127601,127602,127603,94],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[293,127604,127605],{"href":123827},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[43,127607,124219],{"id":124218},[20,127609,127610,124030],{},[15,127611,126627],{},[20,127613,127614,127615,2082,127618,127621],{},"That means ",[15,127616,127617],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127619,127620],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[48,127623,127625],{"className":50,"code":127624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127626,127627,127640,127644,127666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127628,127629,127631,127633,127635,127638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127630,126652],{"class":63},[57,127632,68],{"class":67},[57,127634,72],{"class":71},[57,127636,127637],{"class":75},"REPORT.CSV",[57,127639,79],{"class":71},[57,127641,127642],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127643,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,127645,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,127647,119],{"class":118},[57,127649,101],{"class":93},[57,127651,126670],{"class":97},[57,127653,94],{"class":93},[57,127655,126675],{"class":97},[57,127657,101],{"class":93},[57,127659,104],{"class":71},[57,127661,126682],{"class":75},[57,127663,104],{"class":71},[57,127665,640],{"class":93},[57,127667,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127685,127687],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,127669,119],{"class":118},[57,127671,101],{"class":93},[57,127673,126670],{"class":97},[57,127675,94],{"class":93},[57,127677,126675],{"class":97},[57,127679,101],{"class":93},[57,127681,104],{"class":71},[57,127683,127684],{"class":75},".CSV",[57,127686,104],{"class":71},[57,127688,640],{"class":93},[20,127690,243],{},[48,127692,127694],{"className":50,"code":127693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127695,127696,127700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127697,127698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127699,4274],{"class":4085},[57,127701,127702],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127703,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127705,127706,127707,94],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[293,127708,127709],{"href":124299},[15,127710,124302],{},[48,127712,127714],{"className":50,"code":127713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127715,127716,127728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127717,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127719,126652],{"class":63},[57,127721,68],{"class":67},[57,127723,72],{"class":71},[57,127725,127637],{"class":75},[57,127727,79],{"class":71},[57,127729,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127731,119],{"class":118},[57,127733,101],{"class":93},[57,127735,126670],{"class":97},[57,127737,94],{"class":93},[57,127739,8876],{"class":97},[57,127741,8873],{"class":93},[57,127743,126675],{"class":97},[57,127745,101],{"class":93},[57,127747,104],{"class":71},[57,127749,126682],{"class":75},[57,127751,104],{"class":71},[57,127753,640],{"class":93},[20,127755,243],{},[48,127757,127758],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127759,127760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127761,127762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127763,4213],{"class":4085},[43,127765,127767],{"id":127766},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127769,127770],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[48,127772,127774],{"className":50,"code":127773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127775,127776,127789],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127777,127778,127780,127782,127784,127787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127779,126652],{"class":63},[57,127781,68],{"class":67},[57,127783,72],{"class":71},[57,127785,127786],{"class":75},"picture.gif",[57,127788,79],{"class":71},[57,127790,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127792,119],{"class":118},[57,127794,101],{"class":93},[57,127796,126670],{"class":97},[57,127798,94],{"class":93},[57,127800,126675],{"class":97},[57,127802,5743],{"class":93},[57,127804,104],{"class":71},[57,127806,127060],{"class":75},[57,127808,104],{"class":71},[57,127810,107],{"class":93},[57,127812,72],{"class":71},[57,127814,127007],{"class":75},[57,127816,104],{"class":71},[57,127818,107],{"class":93},[57,127820,72],{"class":71},[57,127822,127077],{"class":75},[57,127824,104],{"class":71},[57,127826,2028],{"class":93},[20,127828,243],{},[48,127830,127831],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127832,127833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127834,127835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127836,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127838,127839],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127841,1102],{},[48,127843,127845],{"className":50,"code":127844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127846,127847,127860,127895,127899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127848,127849,127852,127854,127856,127858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127850,127851],{"class":63},"document ",[57,127853,68],{"class":67},[57,127855,72],{"class":71},[57,127857,87117],{"class":75},[57,127859,79],{"class":71},[57,127861,127862,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127882,127884,127886,127888,127891,127893],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127863,127864],{"class":63},"allowed ",[57,127866,68],{"class":67},[57,127868,9472],{"class":93},[57,127870,104],{"class":71},[57,127872,126705],{"class":75},[57,127874,104],{"class":71},[57,127876,107],{"class":93},[57,127878,72],{"class":71},[57,127880,127881],{"class":75},".md",[57,127883,104],{"class":71},[57,127885,107],{"class":93},[57,127887,72],{"class":71},[57,127889,127890],{"class":75},".docx",[57,127892,104],{"class":71},[57,127894,112],{"class":93},[57,127896,127897],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,127898,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,127900,127901,127903,127905,127908,127910,127912,127914,127917],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,127902,119],{"class":118},[57,127904,101],{"class":93},[57,127906,127907],{"class":97},"document",[57,127909,94],{"class":93},[57,127911,126675],{"class":97},[57,127913,101],{"class":93},[57,127915,127916],{"class":97},"allowed",[57,127918,640],{"class":93},[20,127920,243],{},[48,127922,127923],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127924,127925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127926,127927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127928,4213],{"class":4085},[20,127930,127931,127932,94],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[293,127933,738,127935,742],{"href":127934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127936,127937],{},"startswith()",[43,127939,1673],{"id":1672},[20,127941,8682,127942,94],{},[15,127943,126627],{},[572,127945,127947],{"id":127946},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127949,4758],{},[48,127951,127953],{"className":50,"code":127952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127954,127955,127967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127958,126652],{"class":63},[57,127960,68],{"class":67},[57,127962,72],{"class":71},[57,127964,127549],{"class":75},[57,127966,79],{"class":71},[57,127968,127969],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127970,127971],{"class":132},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127973,127974],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[48,127976,127978],{"className":50,"code":127977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127979,127980,127992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127983,126652],{"class":63},[57,127985,68],{"class":67},[57,127987,72],{"class":71},[57,127989,127549],{"class":75},[57,127991,79],{"class":71},[57,127993,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,127995,119],{"class":118},[57,127997,101],{"class":93},[57,127999,126670],{"class":97},[57,128001,94],{"class":93},[57,128003,126675],{"class":97},[57,128005,5743],{"class":93},[57,128007,104],{"class":71},[57,128009,127060],{"class":75},[57,128011,104],{"class":71},[57,128013,107],{"class":93},[57,128015,72],{"class":71},[57,128017,127007],{"class":75},[57,128019,104],{"class":71},[57,128021,2028],{"class":93},[572,128023,128025],{"id":128024},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[48,128027,128029],{"className":50,"code":128028,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128030,128031,128043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128032,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128034,126652],{"class":63},[57,128036,68],{"class":67},[57,128038,72],{"class":71},[57,128040,127637],{"class":75},[57,128042,79],{"class":71},[57,128044,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128046,119],{"class":118},[57,128048,101],{"class":93},[57,128050,126670],{"class":97},[57,128052,94],{"class":93},[57,128054,126675],{"class":97},[57,128056,101],{"class":93},[57,128058,104],{"class":71},[57,128060,126682],{"class":75},[57,128062,104],{"class":71},[57,128064,640],{"class":93},[20,128066,243],{},[48,128068,128069],{"className":50,"code":4274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,128070,128071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128072,128073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128074,4274],{"class":4085},[20,128076,39502],{},[48,128078,128079],{"className":50,"code":127713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,128080,128081,128093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128082,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128084,126652],{"class":63},[57,128086,68],{"class":67},[57,128088,72],{"class":71},[57,128090,127637],{"class":75},[57,128092,79],{"class":71},[57,128094,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128096,119],{"class":118},[57,128098,101],{"class":93},[57,128100,126670],{"class":97},[57,128102,94],{"class":93},[57,128104,8876],{"class":97},[57,128106,8873],{"class":93},[57,128108,126675],{"class":97},[57,128110,101],{"class":93},[57,128112,104],{"class":71},[57,128114,126682],{"class":75},[57,128116,104],{"class":71},[57,128118,640],{"class":93},[572,128120,37444,128122,8940,128124],{"id":128121},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128123,126627],{},[15,128125,4117],{},[20,128127,128128,128130],{},[15,128129,126627],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[48,128132,128134],{"className":50,"code":128133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128135,128136,128149,128153,128175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128137,128138,128140,128142,128144,128147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128139,64],{"class":63},[57,128141,68],{"class":67},[57,128143,72],{"class":71},[57,128145,128146],{"class":75},"my_report.csv.backup",[57,128148,79],{"class":71},[57,128150,128151],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128152,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,128154,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128156,119],{"class":118},[57,128158,101],{"class":93},[57,128160,227],{"class":97},[57,128162,94],{"class":93},[57,128164,126675],{"class":97},[57,128166,101],{"class":93},[57,128168,104],{"class":71},[57,128170,126682],{"class":75},[57,128172,104],{"class":71},[57,128174,640],{"class":93},[57,128176,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,128178,119],{"class":118},[57,128180,101],{"class":93},[57,128182,104],{"class":71},[57,128184,126682],{"class":75},[57,128186,104],{"class":71},[57,128188,21409],{"class":4110},[57,128190,90],{"class":97},[57,128192,112],{"class":93},[20,128194,243],{},[48,128196,128197],{"className":50,"code":127693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,128198,128199,128203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128200,128201],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128202,4274],{"class":4085},[57,128204,128205],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128206,4213],{"class":4085},[572,128208,8688,128210,128212],{"id":128209},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128211,126627],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128214,128215,128217],{},[15,128216,126627],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[48,128219,128221],{"className":50,"code":128220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128222,128223,128235,128257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128224,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128226,126652],{"class":63},[57,128228,68],{"class":67},[57,128230,72],{"class":71},[57,128232,126659],{"class":75},[57,128234,79],{"class":71},[57,128236,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128238,119],{"class":118},[57,128240,101],{"class":93},[57,128242,126670],{"class":97},[57,128244,94],{"class":93},[57,128246,126675],{"class":97},[57,128248,101],{"class":93},[57,128250,104],{"class":71},[57,128252,126682],{"class":75},[57,128254,104],{"class":71},[57,128256,640],{"class":93},[57,128258,128259,128261,128263,128265],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128260,119],{"class":118},[57,128262,101],{"class":93},[57,128264,126670],{"class":97},[57,128266,112],{"class":93},[20,128268,243],{},[48,128270,128272],{"className":50,"code":128271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128273,128274,128278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128275,128276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128277,4213],{"class":4085},[57,128279,128280,128283,128285],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128281,128282],{"class":63},"report",[57,128284,94],{"class":93},[57,128286,128287],{"class":24987},"csv\n",[20,128289,128290,128291,94],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[293,128292,128293],{"href":124740},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128295,66294],{},[30,128297,128298,128301,128304,128307],{},[33,128299,128300],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,128302,128303],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,128305,128306],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,128308,425,128309,44865,128311,3114,128313,111773],{},[15,128310,126627],{},[15,128312,124743],{},[15,128314,741],{},[20,128316,30374],{},[48,128318,128320],{"className":50,"code":128319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128321,128322,128332,128346,128368,128394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128323,128324,128326,128328,128330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128325,119],{"class":118},[57,128327,101],{"class":93},[57,128329,227],{"class":97},[57,128331,112],{"class":93},[57,128333,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128335,119],{"class":118},[57,128337,101],{"class":93},[57,128339,42019],{"class":118},[57,128341,101],{"class":93},[57,128343,227],{"class":97},[57,128345,640],{"class":93},[57,128347,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128349,119],{"class":118},[57,128351,101],{"class":93},[57,128353,227],{"class":97},[57,128355,94],{"class":93},[57,128357,126675],{"class":97},[57,128359,101],{"class":93},[57,128361,261],{"class":71},[57,128363,126682],{"class":75},[57,128365,261],{"class":71},[57,128367,640],{"class":93},[57,128369,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,128371,119],{"class":118},[57,128373,101],{"class":93},[57,128375,227],{"class":97},[57,128377,94],{"class":93},[57,128379,8876],{"class":97},[57,128381,8873],{"class":93},[57,128383,126675],{"class":97},[57,128385,101],{"class":93},[57,128387,261],{"class":71},[57,128389,126682],{"class":75},[57,128391,261],{"class":71},[57,128393,640],{"class":93},[57,128395,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,128397,119],{"class":118},[57,128399,101],{"class":93},[57,128401,1257],{"class":1256},[57,128403,101],{"class":93},[57,128405,227],{"class":97},[57,128407,640],{"class":93},[43,128409,2075],{"id":2074},[572,128411,2099,128413,128415],{"id":128412},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128414,126627],{}," change the string?",[20,128417,128418,128419,3114,128421,94],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128420,3838],{},[15,128422,3909],{},[572,128424,5402,128426,128428],{"id":128425},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128427,126627],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128430,128431,128432,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128433,128434],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[572,128436,15135,128438,124907],{"id":128437},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128439,126627],{},[20,128441,128442,128443,3114,128445,128448],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128444,124302],{},[15,128446,128447],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[572,128450,2079,128452,2082,128454,2085],{"id":128451},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128453,126627],{},[15,128455,124567],{},[20,128457,128458,128460,128461,128463],{},[15,128459,126627],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128462,124567],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[43,128465,2132],{"id":2131},[30,128467,128468,128474,128480,128484,128488],{},[33,128469,128470],{},[293,128471,738,128472,742],{"href":127934},[15,128473,127937],{},[33,128475,128476],{},[293,128477,738,128478,742],{"href":124299},[15,128479,124302],{},[33,128481,128482],{},[293,128483,124970],{"href":123827},[33,128485,128486],{},[293,128487,124977],{"href":124740},[33,128489,128490],{},[293,128491,296],{"href":295},[2161,128493,128494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":128496},[128497,128498,128500,128501,128506,128507,128513,128514,128515,128523,128533],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":126735,"depth":82,"text":128499},"What endswith() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":126950,"depth":82,"text":126951,"children":128502},[128503,128504,128505],{"id":126864,"depth":115,"text":126864},{"id":36312,"depth":115,"text":36312},{"id":52895,"depth":115,"text":52895},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":127363,"depth":82,"text":127364,"children":128508},[128509,128510,128511,128512],{"id":127367,"depth":115,"text":127368},{"id":127421,"depth":115,"text":127422},{"id":127478,"depth":115,"text":127479},{"id":127532,"depth":115,"text":127533},{"id":124218,"depth":82,"text":124219},{"id":127766,"depth":82,"text":127767},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":128516},[128517,128518,128519,128521],{"id":127946,"depth":115,"text":127947},{"id":128024,"depth":115,"text":128025},{"id":128121,"depth":115,"text":128520},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128209,"depth":115,"text":128522},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":128524},[128525,128527,128529,128531],{"id":128412,"depth":115,"text":128526},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128425,"depth":115,"text":128528},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128437,"depth":115,"text":128530},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128451,"depth":115,"text":128532},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126619,"description":128534},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128541,"title":128542,"body":128543,"description":130208,"extension":2201,"meta":130209,"navigation":217,"path":130210,"seo":130211,"stem":130212,"__hash__":130213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128544,"toc":130181},[128545,128550,128555,128560,128565,128658,128668,128673,128678,128693,128695,128777,128785,128787,128789,128816,128818,128834,128841,128843,128951,128953,128958,128974,128976,129071,129079,129082,129088,129093,129098,129105,129244,129247,129258,129260,129264,129271,129341,129344,129393,129400,129407,129421,129426,129431,129477,129523,129539,129541,129546,129560,129563,129685,129690,129692,129697,129730,129733,129809,129811,129820,129834,129837,129921,129924,130035,130038,130066,130068,130075,130079,130085,130088,130094,130097,130104,130115,130121,130128,130130,130178],[10,128546,13,128548,18],{"id":128547},"python-string-find-method",[15,128549,124567],{},[20,128551,22,128552,128554],{},[15,128553,124567],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128556,128557,128558,94],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128559,66085],{},[20,128561,136,128562,128564],{},[15,128563,124567],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[48,128566,128568],{"className":50,"code":128567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128569,128570,128582,128605,128618,128622,128645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128571,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128573,64],{"class":63},[57,128575,68],{"class":67},[57,128577,72],{"class":71},[57,128579,60640],{"class":75},[57,128581,79],{"class":71},[57,128583,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128585,65150],{"class":63},[57,128587,68],{"class":67},[57,128589,90],{"class":63},[57,128591,94],{"class":93},[57,128593,128594],{"class":97},"find",[57,128596,101],{"class":93},[57,128598,104],{"class":71},[57,128600,60824],{"class":75},[57,128602,104],{"class":71},[57,128604,112],{"class":93},[57,128606,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128608,119],{"class":118},[57,128610,101],{"class":93},[57,128612,65177],{"class":97},[57,128614,3896],{"class":93},[57,128616,128617],{"class":132},"   # 6\n",[57,128619,128620],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,128621,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,128623,128624,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,128625,128626],{"class":63},"missing ",[57,128628,68],{"class":67},[57,128630,90],{"class":63},[57,128632,94],{"class":93},[57,128634,128594],{"class":97},[57,128636,101],{"class":93},[57,128638,104],{"class":71},[57,128640,52],{"class":75},[57,128642,104],{"class":71},[57,128644,112],{"class":93},[57,128646,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,128648,119],{"class":118},[57,128650,101],{"class":93},[57,128652,27011],{"class":97},[57,128654,3896],{"class":93},[57,128656,128657],{"class":132},"    # -1\n",[43815,128659,128660],{},[20,128661,136,128662,128664,128665,128667],{},[15,128663,124567],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128666,66085],{}," if the substring is not found.",[43,128669,143,128671,146],{"id":128670},"what-find-does",[15,128672,124567],{},[20,128674,128675,128677],{},[15,128676,124567],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128679,128680,128683,128686,128691],{},[33,128681,128682],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128684,128685],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128687,11655,128688,128690],{},[15,128689,66085],{}," if no match is found",[33,128692,126755],{},[20,128694,179],{},[48,128696,128698],{"className":50,"code":128697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128699,128700,128712,128716,128740,128764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128701,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128703,64],{"class":63},[57,128705,68],{"class":67},[57,128707,72],{"class":71},[57,128709,845],{"class":75},[57,128711,79],{"class":71},[57,128713,128714],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128715,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,128717,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128719,119],{"class":118},[57,128721,101],{"class":93},[57,128723,227],{"class":97},[57,128725,94],{"class":93},[57,128727,128594],{"class":97},[57,128729,101],{"class":93},[57,128731,104],{"class":71},[57,128733,123665],{"class":75},[57,128735,104],{"class":71},[57,128737,5594],{"class":93},[57,128739,57880],{"class":132},[57,128741,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,128743,119],{"class":118},[57,128745,101],{"class":93},[57,128747,227],{"class":97},[57,128749,94],{"class":93},[57,128751,128594],{"class":97},[57,128753,101],{"class":93},[57,128755,104],{"class":71},[57,128757,2409],{"class":75},[57,128759,104],{"class":71},[57,128761,5594],{"class":93},[57,128763,128657],{"class":132},[57,128765,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,128767,119],{"class":118},[57,128769,101],{"class":93},[57,128771,227],{"class":97},[57,128773,3896],{"class":93},[57,128775,128776],{"class":132},"              # banana\n",[20,128778,21006,128779,128782,128783,94],{},[15,128780,128781],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128784,1931],{},[43,128786,300],{"id":299},[20,128788,2395],{},[48,128790,128792],{"className":50,"code":128791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128793,128794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128795,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128797,310],{"class":63},[57,128799,94],{"class":93},[57,128801,128594],{"class":97},[57,128803,101],{"class":93},[57,128805,2708],{"class":97},[57,128807,107],{"class":93},[57,128809,36291],{"class":97},[57,128811,107],{"class":93},[57,128813,65271],{"class":97},[57,128815,112],{"class":93},[572,128817,17629],{"id":17628},[30,128819,128820,128824,128829],{},[33,128821,128822,123764],{},[15,128823,2708],{},[33,128825,128826,128828],{},[15,128827,36312],{},": optional starting position",[33,128830,128831,128833],{},[15,128832,52895],{},": optional ending position",[20,128835,128836,2082,128838,128840],{},[15,128837,36312],{},[15,128839,52895],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128842,126898],{},[48,128844,128846],{"className":50,"code":128845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128847,128848,128860,128864,128889,128918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128849,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128851,64],{"class":63},[57,128853,68],{"class":67},[57,128855,72],{"class":71},[57,128857,60640],{"class":75},[57,128859,79],{"class":71},[57,128861,128862],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128863,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,128865,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,128867,119],{"class":118},[57,128869,101],{"class":93},[57,128871,227],{"class":97},[57,128873,94],{"class":93},[57,128875,128594],{"class":97},[57,128877,101],{"class":93},[57,128879,104],{"class":71},[57,128881,60707],{"class":75},[57,128883,104],{"class":71},[57,128885,5594],{"class":93},[57,128887,128888],{"class":132},"        # 4\n",[57,128890,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,128892,119],{"class":118},[57,128894,101],{"class":93},[57,128896,227],{"class":97},[57,128898,94],{"class":93},[57,128900,128594],{"class":97},[57,128902,101],{"class":93},[57,128904,104],{"class":71},[57,128906,60707],{"class":75},[57,128908,104],{"class":71},[57,128910,107],{"class":93},[57,128912,4838],{"class":1023},[57,128914,5594],{"class":93},[57,128916,128917],{"class":132},"     # 7\n",[57,128919,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,128921,119],{"class":118},[57,128923,101],{"class":93},[57,128925,227],{"class":97},[57,128927,94],{"class":93},[57,128929,128594],{"class":97},[57,128931,101],{"class":93},[57,128933,104],{"class":71},[57,128935,60707],{"class":75},[57,128937,104],{"class":71},[57,128939,107],{"class":93},[57,128941,4838],{"class":1023},[57,128943,107],{"class":93},[57,128945,6227],{"class":1023},[57,128947,5594],{"class":93},[57,128949,128950],{"class":132},"  # -1\n",[43,128952,38261],{"id":38260},[20,128954,57779,128955,128957],{},[15,128956,124567],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128959,128960,128966,128969],{},[33,128961,128962,128963,128965],{},"A number ",[15,128964,1277],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128967,128968],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128970,128971,128973],{},[15,128972,66085],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128975,179],{},[48,128977,128979],{"className":50,"code":128978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128980,128981,128993,128997,129022,129047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128982,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128984,64],{"class":63},[57,128986,68],{"class":67},[57,128988,72],{"class":71},[57,128990,52],{"class":75},[57,128992,79],{"class":71},[57,128994,128995],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,128996,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129016,129018,129020],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129000,119],{"class":118},[57,129002,101],{"class":93},[57,129004,227],{"class":97},[57,129006,94],{"class":93},[57,129008,128594],{"class":97},[57,129010,101],{"class":93},[57,129012,104],{"class":71},[57,129014,129015],{"class":75},"py",[57,129017,104],{"class":71},[57,129019,5594],{"class":93},[57,129021,21003],{"class":132},[57,129023,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129041,129043,129045],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129025,119],{"class":118},[57,129027,101],{"class":93},[57,129029,227],{"class":97},[57,129031,94],{"class":93},[57,129033,128594],{"class":97},[57,129035,101],{"class":93},[57,129037,104],{"class":71},[57,129039,129040],{"class":75},"th",[57,129042,104],{"class":71},[57,129044,5594],{"class":93},[57,129046,57880],{"class":132},[57,129048,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,129050,119],{"class":118},[57,129052,101],{"class":93},[57,129054,227],{"class":97},[57,129056,94],{"class":93},[57,129058,128594],{"class":97},[57,129060,101],{"class":93},[57,129062,104],{"class":71},[57,129064,22313],{"class":75},[57,129066,104],{"class":71},[57,129068,5594],{"class":93},[57,129070,128657],{"class":132},[20,129072,90131,129073,8691,129075,3114,129077,94],{},[15,129074,124567],{},[15,129076,3838],{},[15,129078,3909],{},[20,129080,129081],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[43,129083,425,129084,2082,129086],{"id":65637},[15,129085,36312],{},[15,129087,52895],{},[20,129089,136,129090,129092],{},[15,129091,36312],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129094,136,129095,129097],{},[15,129096,52895],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129099,2218,129100,75689,129102,129104],{},[15,129101,52895],{},[153,129103,65300],{}," in the search.",[48,129106,129108],{"className":50,"code":129107,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129109,129110,129123,129127,129151,129180,129212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129111,129112,129114,129116,129118,129121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129113,64],{"class":63},[57,129115,68],{"class":67},[57,129117,72],{"class":71},[57,129119,129120],{"class":75},"one two three two",[57,129122,79],{"class":71},[57,129124,129125],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129126,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129128,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129130,119],{"class":118},[57,129132,101],{"class":93},[57,129134,227],{"class":97},[57,129136,94],{"class":93},[57,129138,128594],{"class":97},[57,129140,101],{"class":93},[57,129142,104],{"class":71},[57,129144,408],{"class":75},[57,129146,104],{"class":71},[57,129148,5594],{"class":93},[57,129150,128888],{"class":132},[57,129152,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129154,119],{"class":118},[57,129156,101],{"class":93},[57,129158,227],{"class":97},[57,129160,94],{"class":93},[57,129162,128594],{"class":97},[57,129164,101],{"class":93},[57,129166,104],{"class":71},[57,129168,408],{"class":75},[57,129170,104],{"class":71},[57,129172,107],{"class":93},[57,129174,4838],{"class":1023},[57,129176,5594],{"class":93},[57,129178,129179],{"class":132},"     # 14\n",[57,129181,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,129183,119],{"class":118},[57,129185,101],{"class":93},[57,129187,227],{"class":97},[57,129189,94],{"class":93},[57,129191,128594],{"class":97},[57,129193,101],{"class":93},[57,129195,104],{"class":71},[57,129197,408],{"class":75},[57,129199,104],{"class":71},[57,129201,107],{"class":93},[57,129203,4068],{"class":1023},[57,129205,107],{"class":93},[57,129207,6227],{"class":1023},[57,129209,5594],{"class":93},[57,129211,51171],{"class":132},[57,129213,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,129215,119],{"class":118},[57,129217,101],{"class":93},[57,129219,227],{"class":97},[57,129221,94],{"class":93},[57,129223,128594],{"class":97},[57,129225,101],{"class":93},[57,129227,104],{"class":71},[57,129229,408],{"class":75},[57,129231,104],{"class":71},[57,129233,107],{"class":93},[57,129235,4068],{"class":1023},[57,129237,107],{"class":93},[57,129239,2692],{"class":1023},[57,129241,5594],{"class":93},[57,129243,128950],{"class":132},[20,129245,129246],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129248,129249,129250,55304,129252,94],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[293,129251,964],{"href":963},[293,129253,129255,129257],{"href":129254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129256,17],{}," string method",[43,129259,124219],{"id":124218},[20,129261,129262,124030],{},[15,129263,124567],{},[20,129265,127614,129266,2082,129268,129270],{},[15,129267,90639],{},[15,129269,64765],{}," are treated as different text.",[48,129272,129274],{"className":50,"code":129273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129275,129276,129289,129293,129317],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129277,129278,129280,129282,129284,129287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129279,64],{"class":63},[57,129281,68],{"class":67},[57,129283,72],{"class":71},[57,129285,129286],{"class":75},"Hello World",[57,129288,79],{"class":71},[57,129290,129291],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129292,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129294,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129296,119],{"class":118},[57,129298,101],{"class":93},[57,129300,227],{"class":97},[57,129302,94],{"class":93},[57,129304,128594],{"class":97},[57,129306,101],{"class":93},[57,129308,104],{"class":71},[57,129310,35105],{"class":75},[57,129312,104],{"class":71},[57,129314,5594],{"class":93},[57,129316,51482],{"class":132},[57,129318,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129320,119],{"class":118},[57,129322,101],{"class":93},[57,129324,227],{"class":97},[57,129326,94],{"class":93},[57,129328,128594],{"class":97},[57,129330,101],{"class":93},[57,129332,104],{"class":71},[57,129334,1590],{"class":75},[57,129336,104],{"class":71},[57,129338,5594],{"class":93},[57,129340,128950],{"class":132},[20,129342,129343],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[48,129345,129347],{"className":50,"code":129346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129348,129349,129361,129365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129350,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129352,64],{"class":63},[57,129354,68],{"class":67},[57,129356,72],{"class":71},[57,129358,129286],{"class":75},[57,129360,79],{"class":71},[57,129362,129363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129364,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129366,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129368,119],{"class":118},[57,129370,101],{"class":93},[57,129372,227],{"class":97},[57,129374,94],{"class":93},[57,129376,8876],{"class":97},[57,129378,8873],{"class":93},[57,129380,128594],{"class":97},[57,129382,101],{"class":93},[57,129384,104],{"class":71},[57,129386,1590],{"class":75},[57,129388,104],{"class":71},[57,129390,5594],{"class":93},[57,129392,51482],{"class":132},[43,129394,129396,577,129398],{"id":129395},"find-vs-index",[15,129397,124567],{},[15,129399,59201],{},[20,129401,129402,2082,129404,129406],{},[15,129403,124567],{},[15,129405,59201],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,129408,129409,129415],{},[33,129410,129411,2631,129413],{},[15,129412,124567],{},[15,129414,66085],{},[33,129416,129417,52729,129419],{},[15,129418,59201],{},[15,129420,40944],{},[20,129422,136,129423,129425],{},[15,129424,124567],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129427,136,129428,129430],{},[15,129429,59201],{}," when the value must exist.",[48,129432,129434],{"className":50,"code":129433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129435,129436,129448,129452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129437,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129439,64],{"class":63},[57,129441,68],{"class":67},[57,129443,72],{"class":71},[57,129445,1590],{"class":75},[57,129447,79],{"class":71},[57,129449,129450],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129451,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129453,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129455,119],{"class":118},[57,129457,101],{"class":93},[57,129459,227],{"class":97},[57,129461,94],{"class":93},[57,129463,128594],{"class":97},[57,129465,101],{"class":93},[57,129467,104],{"class":71},[57,129469,2409],{"class":75},[57,129471,104],{"class":71},[57,129473,5594],{"class":93},[57,129475,129476],{"class":132},"   # -1\n",[48,129478,129480],{"className":50,"code":129479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129481,129482,129494,129498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129483,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129485,64],{"class":63},[57,129487,68],{"class":67},[57,129489,72],{"class":71},[57,129491,1590],{"class":75},[57,129493,79],{"class":71},[57,129495,129496],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129497,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129499,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129501,119],{"class":118},[57,129503,101],{"class":93},[57,129505,227],{"class":97},[57,129507,94],{"class":93},[57,129509,36085],{"class":97},[57,129511,101],{"class":93},[57,129513,104],{"class":71},[57,129515,2409],{"class":75},[57,129517,104],{"class":71},[57,129519,5594],{"class":93},[57,129521,129522],{"class":132},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129524,129525,129526,129530,129531,129533,129534,94],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[293,129527,129528,129257],{"href":124592},[15,129529,59201],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129532,59201],{},", read ",[293,129535,25917,129536],{"href":73709},[15,129537,129538],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[43,129540,41286],{"id":41285},[20,129542,35644,129543,129545],{},[15,129544,124567],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129547,129548,129551,129554,129557],{},[33,129549,129550],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129552,129553],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129555,129556],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129558,129559],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129561,129562],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[48,129564,129566],{"className":50,"code":129565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129567,129568,129581,129604,129608,129623,129639,129658,129672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129569,129570,129572,129574,129576,129579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129571,64],{"class":63},[57,129573,68],{"class":67},[57,129575,72],{"class":71},[57,129577,129578],{"class":75},"name:Alice",[57,129580,79],{"class":71},[57,129582,129583,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129584,129585],{"class":63},"colon_pos ",[57,129587,68],{"class":67},[57,129589,90],{"class":63},[57,129591,94],{"class":93},[57,129593,128594],{"class":97},[57,129595,101],{"class":93},[57,129597,104],{"class":71},[57,129599,1016],{"class":75},[57,129601,104],{"class":71},[57,129603,112],{"class":93},[57,129605,129606],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129607,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129609,129610,129612,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129611,7233],{"class":4110},[57,129613,129614],{"class":63}," colon_pos ",[57,129616,72819],{"class":67},[57,129618,2455],{"class":67},[57,129620,3224],{"class":1023},[57,129622,6628],{"class":93},[57,129624,129625,129628,129630,129632,129634,129637],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,129626,129627],{"class":63},"    label ",[57,129629,68],{"class":67},[57,129631,90],{"class":63},[57,129633,75762],{"class":93},[57,129635,129636],{"class":63},"colon_pos",[57,129638,288],{"class":93},[57,129640,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,129642,27639],{"class":63},[57,129644,68],{"class":67},[57,129646,90],{"class":63},[57,129648,258],{"class":93},[57,129650,129585],{"class":63},[57,129652,2296],{"class":67},[57,129654,1143],{"class":1023},[57,129656,129657],{"class":93},":]\n",[57,129659,129660,129662,129664,129667,129669],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,129661,8304],{"class":118},[57,129663,101],{"class":93},[57,129665,129666],{"class":97},"label",[57,129668,3896],{"class":93},[57,129670,129671],{"class":132},"  # name\n",[57,129673,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,129675,8304],{"class":118},[57,129677,101],{"class":93},[57,129679,2708],{"class":97},[57,129681,3896],{"class":93},[57,129683,129684],{"class":132},"  # Alice\n",[20,129686,129687,129688,94],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[293,129689,127605],{"href":123827},[43,129691,1673],{"id":1672},[20,129693,129694,129695,1016],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129696,124567],{},[30,129698,129699,129708,129714,129719,129725],{},[33,129700,8688,129701,8691,129703,3114,129705,129707],{},[15,129702,124567],{},[15,129704,3838],{},[15,129706,3909],{}," instead of an index",[33,129709,129710,129711,129713],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129712,66085],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129715,425,129716,129718],{},[15,129717,124567],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129720,37444,129721,8940,129723],{},[15,129722,124567],{},[15,129724,59201],{},[33,129726,4812,129727,129729],{},[15,129728,124567],{}," changes the string",[20,129731,129732],{},"Example of a mistake:",[48,129734,129736],{"className":50,"code":129735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129737,129738,129750,129754,129774,129789,129795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129739,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129741,64],{"class":63},[57,129743,68],{"class":67},[57,129745,72],{"class":71},[57,129747,1590],{"class":75},[57,129749,79],{"class":71},[57,129751,129752],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129753,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129755,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129757,7233],{"class":4110},[57,129759,90],{"class":63},[57,129761,94],{"class":93},[57,129763,128594],{"class":97},[57,129765,101],{"class":93},[57,129767,104],{"class":71},[57,129769,60672],{"class":75},[57,129771,104],{"class":71},[57,129773,8577],{"class":93},[57,129775,129776,129778,129780,129782,129785,129787],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129777,8304],{"class":118},[57,129779,101],{"class":93},[57,129781,104],{"class":71},[57,129783,129784],{"class":75},"Found",[57,129786,104],{"class":71},[57,129788,112],{"class":93},[57,129790,129791,129793],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,129792,27672],{"class":4110},[57,129794,6628],{"class":93},[57,129796,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,129798,8304],{"class":118},[57,129800,101],{"class":93},[57,129802,104],{"class":71},[57,129804,26553],{"class":75},[57,129806,104],{"class":71},[57,129808,112],{"class":93},[20,129810,100137],{},[48,129812,129814],{"className":50,"code":129813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Not found\n",[15,129815,129816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129817,129818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129819,129813],{"class":63},[20,129821,45939,129822,129825,129826,17306,129828,129830,129831,129833],{},[15,129823,129824],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129827,1277],{},[15,129829,1277],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129832,7233],{}," statement.",[20,129835,129836],{},"A safer version is:",[48,129838,129840],{"className":50,"code":129839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129841,129842,129854,129858,129887,129901,129907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129843,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129845,64],{"class":63},[57,129847,68],{"class":67},[57,129849,72],{"class":71},[57,129851,1590],{"class":75},[57,129853,79],{"class":71},[57,129855,129856],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129857,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,129859,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129881,129883,129885],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129861,7233],{"class":4110},[57,129863,90],{"class":63},[57,129865,94],{"class":93},[57,129867,128594],{"class":97},[57,129869,101],{"class":93},[57,129871,104],{"class":71},[57,129873,60672],{"class":75},[57,129875,104],{"class":71},[57,129877,3896],{"class":93},[57,129879,129880],{"class":67}," !=",[57,129882,2455],{"class":67},[57,129884,3224],{"class":1023},[57,129886,6628],{"class":93},[57,129888,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897,129899],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129890,8304],{"class":118},[57,129892,101],{"class":93},[57,129894,104],{"class":71},[57,129896,129784],{"class":75},[57,129898,104],{"class":71},[57,129900,112],{"class":93},[57,129902,129903,129905],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,129904,27672],{"class":4110},[57,129906,6628],{"class":93},[57,129908,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,129910,8304],{"class":118},[57,129912,101],{"class":93},[57,129914,104],{"class":71},[57,129916,26553],{"class":75},[57,129918,104],{"class":71},[57,129920,112],{"class":93},[20,129922,129923],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[48,129925,129927],{"className":50,"code":129926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129928,129929,129951,129965,129991,130005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129930,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129932,119],{"class":118},[57,129934,101],{"class":93},[57,129936,227],{"class":97},[57,129938,94],{"class":93},[57,129940,128594],{"class":97},[57,129942,101],{"class":93},[57,129944,261],{"class":71},[57,129946,38631],{"class":75},[57,129948,261],{"class":71},[57,129950,640],{"class":93},[57,129952,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,129954,119],{"class":118},[57,129956,101],{"class":93},[57,129958,42019],{"class":118},[57,129960,101],{"class":93},[57,129962,227],{"class":97},[57,129964,640],{"class":93},[57,129966,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985,129987,129989],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,129968,119],{"class":118},[57,129970,101],{"class":93},[57,129972,227],{"class":97},[57,129974,94],{"class":93},[57,129976,8876],{"class":97},[57,129978,8873],{"class":93},[57,129980,128594],{"class":97},[57,129982,101],{"class":93},[57,129984,261],{"class":71},[57,129986,38631],{"class":75},[57,129988,261],{"class":71},[57,129990,640],{"class":93},[57,129992,129993,129995,129997,129999,130001,130003],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,129994,119],{"class":118},[57,129996,101],{"class":93},[57,129998,2009],{"class":118},[57,130000,101],{"class":93},[57,130002,227],{"class":97},[57,130004,640],{"class":93},[57,130006,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,130008,119],{"class":118},[57,130010,101],{"class":93},[57,130012,227],{"class":97},[57,130014,94],{"class":93},[57,130016,128594],{"class":97},[57,130018,101],{"class":93},[57,130020,261],{"class":71},[57,130022,38631],{"class":75},[57,130024,261],{"class":71},[57,130026,107],{"class":93},[57,130028,36291],{"class":97},[57,130030,107],{"class":93},[57,130032,65271],{"class":97},[57,130034,640],{"class":93},[20,130036,130037],{},"These help you check:",[30,130039,130040,130045,130050,130055,130058],{},[33,130041,130042,130043],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130044,124567],{},[33,130046,130047,130048],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130049,122788],{},[33,130051,130052,130053],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130054,124302],{},[33,130056,130057],{},"The string length",[33,130059,130060,130061,2082,130063,130065],{},"Whether your ",[15,130062,36312],{},[15,130064,52895],{}," values are correct",[43,130067,2075],{"id":2074},[572,130069,130071,130072,130074],{"id":130070},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130073,124567],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130076,5380,130077,94],{},[15,130078,66085],{},[572,130080,2099,130082,130084],{"id":130081},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130083,124567],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130086,130087],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[572,130089,130091,130092,124907],{"id":130090},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130093,124567],{},[20,130095,130096],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[572,130098,2079,130100,2082,130102,69883],{"id":130099},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130101,124567],{},[15,130103,59201],{},[20,130105,130106,2631,130108,130110,130111,52729,130113,94],{},[15,130107,124567],{},[15,130109,66085],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130112,59201],{},[15,130114,40944],{},[572,130116,28567,130118,130120],{"id":130117},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130119,124567],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130122,130123,130124,2082,130126,66384],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130125,36312],{},[15,130127,52895],{},[43,130129,2132],{"id":2131},[30,130131,130132,130138,130144,130151,130157,130164,130168,130172],{},[33,130133,130134],{},[293,130135,738,130136,742],{"href":124592},[15,130137,59201],{},[33,130139,130140],{},[293,130141,738,130142,742],{"href":129254},[15,130143,17],{},[33,130145,130146],{},[293,130147,738,130149,742],{"href":130148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130150,124743],{},[33,130152,130153],{},[293,130154,738,130155,742],{"href":127934},[15,130156,127937],{},[33,130158,130159],{},[293,130160,738,130162,742],{"href":130161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130163,126627],{},[33,130165,130166],{},[293,130167,124970],{"href":123827},[33,130169,130170],{},[293,130171,2139],{"href":963},[33,130173,130174],{},[293,130175,26360,130176],{"href":73709},[15,130177,129538],{},[2161,130179,130180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":130182},[130183,130185,130188,130189,130190,130191,130193,130194,130195,130207],{"id":128670,"depth":82,"text":130184},"What find() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":130186},[130187],{"id":17628,"depth":115,"text":17629},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261},{"id":65637,"depth":82,"text":66420},{"id":124218,"depth":82,"text":124219},{"id":129395,"depth":82,"text":130192},"find() vs index()",{"id":41285,"depth":82,"text":41286},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":130196},[130197,130199,130201,130203,130205],{"id":130070,"depth":115,"text":130198},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130081,"depth":115,"text":130200},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130090,"depth":115,"text":130202},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130099,"depth":115,"text":130204},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130117,"depth":115,"text":130206},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128542,"description":130208},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130215,"title":130216,"body":130217,"description":132141,"extension":2201,"meta":132142,"navigation":217,"path":132143,"seo":132144,"stem":132145,"__hash__":132146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130218,"toc":132109},[130219,130224,130229,130232,130234,130310,130314,130341,130349,130353,130358,130362,130379,130381,130448,130452,130474,130482,130484,130487,130511,130514,130528,130530,130615,130619,130631,130634,130638,130644,130694,130698,130715,130724,130727,130735,130738,130787,130791,130816,130819,130874,130878,130890,130896,130900,130906,130911,130978,130982,131008,131011,131022,131024,131091,131095,131120,131127,131131,131136,131143,131151,131153,131205,131209,131227,131229,131274,131278,131293,131296,131306,131313,131315,131319,131322,131333,131335,131395,131399,131427,131430,131436,131441,131444,131448,131492,131495,131533,131536,131544,131546,131551,131555,131558,131606,131609,131612,131668,131672,131677,131680,131729,131731,131780,131785,131790,131792,131839,131843,131856,131858,131909,131915,131918,131922,131925,131931,131936,131938,131941,132013,132016,132033,132035,132040,132043,132047,132053,132059,132066,132072,132078,132080,132106],[10,130220,13,130222,18],{"id":130221},"python-string-format-method",[15,130223,126572],{},[20,130225,22,130226,130228],{},[15,130227,126572],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130230,130231],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[43,130233,46],{"id":45},[48,130235,130237],{"className":50,"code":130236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130238,130239,130251,130259,130263,130300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130240,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130242,8112],{"class":63},[57,130244,68],{"class":67},[57,130246,72],{"class":71},[57,130248,11741],{"class":75},[57,130250,79],{"class":71},[57,130252,130253,130255,130257],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130254,21864],{"class":63},[57,130256,68],{"class":67},[57,130258,89020],{"class":1023},[57,130260,130261],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,130262,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,130264,130265,130267,130269,130271,130274,130276,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,130266,90228],{"class":63},[57,130268,68],{"class":67},[57,130270,72],{"class":71},[57,130272,130273],{"class":75},"My name is ",[57,130275,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130277,130278],{"class":75}," and I am ",[57,130280,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130282,122570],{"class":75},[57,130284,104],{"class":71},[57,130286,94],{"class":93},[57,130288,130289],{"class":97},"format",[57,130291,101],{"class":93},[57,130293,1056],{"class":97},[57,130295,107],{"class":93},[57,130297,9424],{"class":97},[57,130299,112],{"class":93},[57,130301,130302,130304,130306,130308],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,130303,119],{"class":118},[57,130305,101],{"class":93},[57,130307,90245],{"class":97},[57,130309,112],{"class":93},[20,130311,130312],{},[153,130313,243],{},[48,130315,130317],{"className":50,"code":130316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130318,130319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130320,130321,130324,130326,130329,130331,130334,130337,130339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130322,130323],{"class":63},"My name ",[57,130325,537],{"class":67},[57,130327,130328],{"class":63}," Maya ",[57,130330,554],{"class":67},[57,130332,130333],{"class":63}," I am ",[57,130335,130336],{"class":1023},"12",[57,130338,122603],{"class":63},[57,130340,122606],{"class":93},[20,130342,136,130343,130345,130346,130348],{},[15,130344,4026],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130347,126572],{}," in the same order.",[20,130350,125323,130351,94],{},[293,130352,296],{"href":295},[43,130354,13228,130356,13231],{"id":130355},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130357,126572],{},[20,130359,2218,130360,11644],{},[15,130361,126572],{},[30,130363,130364,130367,130373,130376],{},[33,130365,130366],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,130368,130369,130370,130372],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130371,4026],{}," with given values",[33,130374,130375],{},"returns a new string",[33,130377,130378],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130380,179],{},[48,130382,130384],{"className":50,"code":130383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130385,130386,130400,130423,130427,130438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130387,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130389,64],{"class":63},[57,130391,68],{"class":67},[57,130393,72],{"class":71},[57,130395,45137],{"class":75},[57,130397,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130399,79],{"class":71},[57,130401,130402,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413,130415,130417,130419,130421],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130403,130404],{"class":63},"new_text ",[57,130406,68],{"class":67},[57,130408,90],{"class":63},[57,130410,94],{"class":93},[57,130412,130289],{"class":97},[57,130414,101],{"class":93},[57,130416,104],{"class":71},[57,130418,7911],{"class":75},[57,130420,104],{"class":71},[57,130422,112],{"class":93},[57,130424,130425],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,130426,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,130428,130429,130431,130433,130436],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,130430,119],{"class":118},[57,130432,101],{"class":93},[57,130434,130435],{"class":97},"new_text",[57,130437,112],{"class":93},[57,130439,130440,130442,130444,130446],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,130441,119],{"class":118},[57,130443,101],{"class":93},[57,130445,227],{"class":97},[57,130447,112],{"class":93},[20,130449,130450],{},[153,130451,243],{},[48,130453,130455],{"className":50,"code":130454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130456,130457,130466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130458,130459,130461,130463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130460,35105],{"class":63},[57,130462,107],{"class":93},[57,130464,130465],{"class":63}," Sam\n",[57,130467,130468,130470,130472],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130469,35105],{"class":63},[57,130471,107],{"class":93},[57,130473,10073],{"class":93},[20,130475,2520,130476,130478,130479,130481],{},[15,130477,227],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130480,126572],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[43,130483,300],{"id":299},[20,130485,130486],{},"The general form is:",[48,130488,130490],{"className":50,"code":130489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130491,130492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130493,130494,130496,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130495,104],{"class":43563},[57,130497,130498],{"class":43567},"text {}",[57,130500,104],{"class":43563},[57,130502,94],{"class":93},[57,130504,130289],{"class":97},[57,130506,101],{"class":93},[57,130508,2708],{"class":97},[57,130510,112],{"class":93},[20,130512,130513],{},"Key idea:",[30,130515,130516,130522,130525],{},[33,130517,130518,130519,130521],{},"each ",[15,130520,4026],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130523,130524],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130526,130527],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130529,179],{},[48,130531,130533],{"className":50,"code":130532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130534,130535,130548,130562,130566,130604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130536,130537,130540,130542,130544,130546],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130538,130539],{"class":63},"animal ",[57,130541,68],{"class":67},[57,130543,72],{"class":71},[57,130545,1296],{"class":75},[57,130547,79],{"class":71},[57,130549,130550,130553,130555,130557,130560],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130551,130552],{"class":63},"sound ",[57,130554,68],{"class":67},[57,130556,72],{"class":71},[57,130558,130559],{"class":75},"meow",[57,130561,79],{"class":71},[57,130563,130564],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,130565,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,130567,130568,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130597,130599,130602],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,130569,130570],{"class":63},"sentence ",[57,130572,68],{"class":67},[57,130574,72],{"class":71},[57,130576,2218],{"class":75},[57,130578,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130580,130581],{"class":75}," says ",[57,130583,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130585,94],{"class":75},[57,130587,104],{"class":71},[57,130589,94],{"class":93},[57,130591,130289],{"class":97},[57,130593,101],{"class":93},[57,130595,130596],{"class":97},"animal",[57,130598,107],{"class":93},[57,130600,130601],{"class":97}," sound",[57,130603,112],{"class":93},[57,130605,130606,130608,130610,130613],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,130607,119],{"class":118},[57,130609,101],{"class":93},[57,130611,130612],{"class":97},"sentence",[57,130614,112],{"class":93},[20,130616,130617],{},[153,130618,243],{},[48,130620,130622],{"className":50,"code":130621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130623,130624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130625,130626,130629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130627,130628],{"class":63},"The cat says meow",[57,130630,122606],{"class":93},[20,130632,130633],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[43,130635,130637],{"id":130636},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130639,130640,130641,130643],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130642,4026],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[48,130645,130647],{"className":50,"code":130646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130648,130649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130650,130651,130653,130655,130657,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130681,130683,130685,130687,130690,130692],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130652,119],{"class":118},[57,130654,101],{"class":93},[57,130656,104],{"class":71},[57,130658,130659],{"class":75},"I like ",[57,130661,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130663,2082],{"class":75},[57,130665,4026],{"class":1023},[57,130667,94],{"class":75},[57,130669,104],{"class":71},[57,130671,94],{"class":93},[57,130673,130289],{"class":97},[57,130675,101],{"class":93},[57,130677,104],{"class":71},[57,130679,130680],{"class":75},"pizza",[57,130682,104],{"class":71},[57,130684,107],{"class":93},[57,130686,72],{"class":71},[57,130688,130689],{"class":75},"pasta",[57,130691,104],{"class":71},[57,130693,640],{"class":93},[20,130695,130696],{},[153,130697,243],{},[48,130699,130701],{"className":50,"code":130700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130702,130703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130704,130705,130708,130710,130713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130706,130707],{"class":63},"I like pizza ",[57,130709,554],{"class":67},[57,130711,130712],{"class":63}," pasta",[57,130714,122606],{"class":93},[20,130716,130717,130718,2082,130721,94],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130719,130720],{},"{0}",[15,130722,130723],{},"{1}",[20,130725,130726],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130728,130729,130732],{},[33,130730,130731],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130733,130734],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130736,130737],{},"Example with reused values:",[48,130739,130741],{"className":50,"code":130740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130742,130743,130777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130744,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130756,130758,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130746,64],{"class":63},[57,130748,68],{"class":67},[57,130750,72],{"class":71},[57,130752,130720],{"class":1023},[57,130754,130755],{"class":75}," is learning Python. ",[57,130757,130720],{"class":1023},[57,130759,130760],{"class":75}," likes coding.",[57,130762,104],{"class":71},[57,130764,94],{"class":93},[57,130766,130289],{"class":97},[57,130768,101],{"class":93},[57,130770,104],{"class":71},[57,130772,20117],{"class":75},[57,130774,104],{"class":71},[57,130776,112],{"class":93},[57,130778,130779,130781,130783,130785],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130780,119],{"class":118},[57,130782,101],{"class":93},[57,130784,227],{"class":97},[57,130786,112],{"class":93},[20,130788,130789],{},[153,130790,243],{},[48,130792,130794],{"className":50,"code":130793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130795,130796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130797,130798,130801,130803,130806,130808,130811,130814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130799,130800],{"class":63},"Lina ",[57,130802,537],{"class":67},[57,130804,130805],{"class":63}," learning Python",[57,130807,94],{"class":93},[57,130809,130810],{"class":24987}," Lina",[57,130812,130813],{"class":63}," likes coding",[57,130815,122606],{"class":93},[20,130817,130818],{},"Example with changed order:",[48,130820,130822],{"className":50,"code":130821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130823,130824,130864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130825,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130827,64],{"class":63},[57,130829,68],{"class":67},[57,130831,72],{"class":71},[57,130833,130723],{"class":1023},[57,130835,83550],{"class":75},[57,130837,130720],{"class":1023},[57,130839,94],{"class":75},[57,130841,104],{"class":71},[57,130843,94],{"class":93},[57,130845,130289],{"class":97},[57,130847,101],{"class":93},[57,130849,104],{"class":71},[57,130851,399],{"class":75},[57,130853,104],{"class":71},[57,130855,107],{"class":93},[57,130857,72],{"class":71},[57,130859,408],{"class":75},[57,130861,104],{"class":71},[57,130863,112],{"class":93},[57,130865,130866,130868,130870,130872],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130867,119],{"class":118},[57,130869,101],{"class":93},[57,130871,227],{"class":97},[57,130873,112],{"class":93},[20,130875,130876],{},[153,130877,243],{},[48,130879,130881],{"className":50,"code":130880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130882,130883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130884,130885,130888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130886,130887],{"class":63},"two comes after one",[57,130889,122606],{"class":93},[20,130891,130892,130893,130895],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130894,4026],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[43,130897,130899],{"id":130898},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130901,130902,130903,94],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130904,130905],{},"{name}",[20,130907,130908,130909,1016],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130910,126572],{},[48,130912,130914],{"className":50,"code":130913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130915,130916,130968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130917,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130931,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130919,64],{"class":63},[57,130921,68],{"class":67},[57,130923,72],{"class":71},[57,130925,130273],{"class":75},[57,130927,130905],{"class":1023},[57,130929,130930],{"class":75}," and I live in ",[57,130932,130933],{"class":1023},"{city}",[57,130935,94],{"class":75},[57,130937,104],{"class":71},[57,130939,94],{"class":93},[57,130941,130289],{"class":97},[57,130943,101],{"class":93},[57,130945,1056],{"class":9411},[57,130947,68],{"class":67},[57,130949,104],{"class":71},[57,130951,13112],{"class":75},[57,130953,104],{"class":71},[57,130955,107],{"class":93},[57,130957,31624],{"class":9411},[57,130959,68],{"class":67},[57,130961,104],{"class":71},[57,130963,16264],{"class":75},[57,130965,104],{"class":71},[57,130967,112],{"class":93},[57,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,130971,119],{"class":118},[57,130973,101],{"class":93},[57,130975,227],{"class":97},[57,130977,112],{"class":93},[20,130979,130980],{},[153,130981,243],{},[48,130983,130985],{"className":50,"code":130984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130986,130987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130988,130989,130991,130993,130996,130998,131001,131003,131006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130990,130323],{"class":63},[57,130992,537],{"class":67},[57,130994,130995],{"class":63}," Ana ",[57,130997,554],{"class":67},[57,130999,131000],{"class":63}," I live ",[57,131002,4117],{"class":67},[57,131004,131005],{"class":63}," Lima",[57,131007,122606],{"class":93},[20,131009,131010],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,131012,131013,131016,131019],{},[33,131014,131015],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,131017,131018],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,131020,131021],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131023,179],{},[48,131025,131027],{"className":50,"code":131026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131028,131029,131081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131030,131031,131034,131036,131038,131041,131044,131047,131050,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131067,131069,131071,131074,131076,131079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131032,131033],{"class":63},"report ",[57,131035,68],{"class":67},[57,131037,72],{"class":71},[57,131039,131040],{"class":75},"Student: ",[57,131042,131043],{"class":1023},"{student}",[57,131045,131046],{"class":75},", Score: ",[57,131048,131049],{"class":1023},"{score}",[57,131051,104],{"class":71},[57,131053,94],{"class":93},[57,131055,130289],{"class":97},[57,131057,101],{"class":93},[57,131059,13857],{"class":9411},[57,131061,68],{"class":67},[57,131063,104],{"class":71},[57,131065,131066],{"class":75},"Noah",[57,131068,104],{"class":71},[57,131070,107],{"class":93},[57,131072,131073],{"class":9411}," score",[57,131075,68],{"class":67},[57,131077,131078],{"class":1023},"95",[57,131080,112],{"class":93},[57,131082,131083,131085,131087,131089],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131084,119],{"class":118},[57,131086,101],{"class":93},[57,131088,128282],{"class":97},[57,131090,112],{"class":93},[20,131092,131093],{},[153,131094,243],{},[48,131096,131098],{"className":50,"code":131097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131099,131100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131101,131102,131105,131107,131110,131112,131115,131117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131103,131104],{"class":63},"Student",[57,131106,1016],{"class":93},[57,131108,131109],{"class":63}," Noah",[57,131111,107],{"class":93},[57,131113,131114],{"class":63}," Score",[57,131116,1016],{"class":93},[57,131118,131119],{"class":1023}," 95\n",[20,131121,131122,131123,94],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[293,131124,3809,131125,3742],{"href":42415},[15,131126,47920],{},[43,131128,131130],{"id":131129},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131132,131133,131135],{},[15,131134,126572],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131137,131138,131139,131142],{},"A common example is ",[15,131140,131141],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,131144,131145,131148],{},[33,131146,131147],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,131149,131150],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131152,179],{},[48,131154,131156],{"className":50,"code":131155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131157,131158,131166,131195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131159,131160,131162,131164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131161,40627],{"class":63},[57,131163,68],{"class":67},[57,131165,49512],{"class":1023},[57,131167,131168,131170,131172,131174,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131169,64],{"class":63},[57,131171,68],{"class":67},[57,131173,72],{"class":71},[57,131175,131176],{"class":75},"Price: $",[57,131178,9514],{"class":1023},[57,131180,131141],{"class":1326},[57,131182,22539],{"class":1023},[57,131184,104],{"class":71},[57,131186,94],{"class":93},[57,131188,130289],{"class":97},[57,131190,101],{"class":93},[57,131192,25387],{"class":97},[57,131194,112],{"class":93},[57,131196,131197,131199,131201,131203],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,131198,119],{"class":118},[57,131200,101],{"class":93},[57,131202,227],{"class":97},[57,131204,112],{"class":93},[20,131206,131207],{},[153,131208,243],{},[48,131210,131212],{"className":50,"code":131211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131213,131214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131215,131216,131219,131221,131224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131217,131218],{"class":63},"Price",[57,131220,1016],{"class":93},[57,131222,131223],{"class":37607}," $",[57,131225,131226],{"class":1023},"3.50\n",[20,131228,1102],{},[48,131230,131232],{"className":50,"code":131231,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131233,131234,131244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131235,131236,131239,131241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131237,131238],{"class":63},"average ",[57,131240,68],{"class":67},[57,131242,131243],{"class":1023}," 91.236\n",[57,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131272],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131247,119],{"class":118},[57,131249,101],{"class":93},[57,131251,104],{"class":71},[57,131253,131254],{"class":75},"Average: ",[57,131256,9514],{"class":1023},[57,131258,131141],{"class":1326},[57,131260,22539],{"class":1023},[57,131262,104],{"class":71},[57,131264,94],{"class":93},[57,131266,130289],{"class":97},[57,131268,101],{"class":93},[57,131270,131271],{"class":97},"average",[57,131273,640],{"class":93},[20,131275,131276],{},[153,131277,243],{},[48,131279,131281],{"className":50,"code":131280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131282,131283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131284,131285,131288,131290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131286,131287],{"class":63},"Average",[57,131289,1016],{"class":93},[57,131291,131292],{"class":1023}," 91.24\n",[20,131294,131295],{},"This is useful for:",[30,131297,131298,131300,131303],{},[33,131299,83308],{},[33,131301,131302],{},"averages",[33,131304,131305],{},"percentages",[20,131307,131308,131309,94],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[293,131310,3809,131311,2537],{"href":46685},[15,131312,46688],{},[43,131314,17653],{"id":17652},[20,131316,131317,92742],{},[15,131318,126572],{},[20,131320,131321],{},"That means you can:",[30,131323,131324,131327,131330],{},[33,131325,131326],{},"save it in a variable",[33,131328,131329],{},"print it directly",[33,131331,131332],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131334,179],{},[48,131336,131338],{"className":50,"code":131337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131339,131340,131371,131381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131367,131369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131343,90228],{"class":63},[57,131345,68],{"class":67},[57,131347,72],{"class":71},[57,131349,45137],{"class":75},[57,131351,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131353,90069],{"class":75},[57,131355,104],{"class":71},[57,131357,94],{"class":93},[57,131359,130289],{"class":97},[57,131361,101],{"class":93},[57,131363,104],{"class":71},[57,131365,131366],{"class":75},"Chris",[57,131368,104],{"class":71},[57,131370,112],{"class":93},[57,131372,131373,131375,131377,131379],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131374,119],{"class":118},[57,131376,101],{"class":93},[57,131378,90245],{"class":97},[57,131380,112],{"class":93},[57,131382,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,131384,119],{"class":118},[57,131386,101],{"class":93},[57,131388,1257],{"class":1256},[57,131390,101],{"class":93},[57,131392,90245],{"class":97},[57,131394,640],{"class":93},[20,131396,131397],{},[153,131398,243],{},[48,131400,131402],{"className":50,"code":131401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131403,131404,131413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131405,131406,131408,131410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131407,35105],{"class":63},[57,131409,107],{"class":93},[57,131411,131412],{"class":63}," Chris!\n",[57,131414,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131416,1323],{"class":67},[57,131418,1327],{"class":1326},[57,131420,271],{"class":71},[57,131422,3676],{"class":75},[57,131424,261],{"class":71},[57,131426,1336],{"class":67},[20,131428,131429],{},"The original string is not changed.",[43,131431,131433,131435],{"id":131432},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131434,126572],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131437,131438,131440],{},[15,131439,126572],{}," is a string method.",[20,131442,131443],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131445,46276,131446,1016],{},[15,131447,126572],{},[48,131449,131451],{"className":50,"code":131450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131452,131453,131466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461,131464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131456,8112],{"class":63},[57,131458,68],{"class":67},[57,131460,72],{"class":71},[57,131462,131463],{"class":75},"Rita",[57,131465,79],{"class":71},[57,131467,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131469,119],{"class":118},[57,131471,101],{"class":93},[57,131473,104],{"class":71},[57,131475,45137],{"class":75},[57,131477,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131479,90069],{"class":75},[57,131481,104],{"class":71},[57,131483,94],{"class":93},[57,131485,130289],{"class":97},[57,131487,101],{"class":93},[57,131489,1056],{"class":97},[57,131491,640],{"class":93},[20,131493,131494],{},"Example with an f-string:",[48,131496,131498],{"className":50,"code":131497,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131499,131500,131512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131501,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131503,8112],{"class":63},[57,131505,68],{"class":67},[57,131507,72],{"class":71},[57,131509,131463],{"class":75},[57,131511,79],{"class":71},[57,131513,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131531],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131515,119],{"class":118},[57,131517,101],{"class":93},[57,131519,22530],{"class":1326},[57,131521,43581],{"class":75},[57,131523,9514],{"class":1023},[57,131525,1056],{"class":97},[57,131527,22539],{"class":1023},[57,131529,131530],{"class":75},"!\"",[57,131532,112],{"class":93},[20,131534,131535],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131537,131538,131539,131541,131542,94],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131540,126572],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[293,131543,89914],{"href":89913},[43,131545,1673],{"id":1672},[20,131547,131548,131549,94],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131550,126572],{},[572,131552,131554],{"id":131553},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131556,131557],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[48,131559,131561],{"className":50,"code":131560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131562,131563,131596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131564,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131566,64],{"class":63},[57,131568,68],{"class":67},[57,131570,72],{"class":71},[57,131572,45137],{"class":75},[57,131574,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131576,131577],{"class":1023}," {}",[57,131579,90069],{"class":75},[57,131581,104],{"class":71},[57,131583,94],{"class":93},[57,131585,130289],{"class":97},[57,131587,101],{"class":93},[57,131589,104],{"class":71},[57,131591,7911],{"class":75},[57,131593,104],{"class":71},[57,131595,112],{"class":93},[57,131597,131598,131600,131602,131604],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131599,119],{"class":118},[57,131601,101],{"class":93},[57,131603,227],{"class":97},[57,131605,112],{"class":93},[20,131607,131608],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131610,131611],{},"Fixed version:",[48,131613,131615],{"className":50,"code":131614,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131616,131617,131658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131618,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131654,131656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131620,64],{"class":63},[57,131622,68],{"class":67},[57,131624,72],{"class":71},[57,131626,45137],{"class":75},[57,131628,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131630,131577],{"class":1023},[57,131632,90069],{"class":75},[57,131634,104],{"class":71},[57,131636,94],{"class":93},[57,131638,130289],{"class":97},[57,131640,101],{"class":93},[57,131642,104],{"class":71},[57,131644,7911],{"class":75},[57,131646,104],{"class":71},[57,131648,107],{"class":93},[57,131650,72],{"class":71},[57,131652,131653],{"class":75},"Lee",[57,131655,104],{"class":71},[57,131657,112],{"class":93},[57,131659,131660,131662,131664,131666],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131661,119],{"class":118},[57,131663,101],{"class":93},[57,131665,227],{"class":97},[57,131667,112],{"class":93},[572,131669,131671],{"id":131670},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131673,131674,131675,94],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131676,126572],{},[20,131678,131679],{},"Problem:",[48,131681,131683],{"className":50,"code":131682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131684,131685,131719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131688,64],{"class":63},[57,131690,68],{"class":67},[57,131692,72],{"class":71},[57,131694,45137],{"class":75},[57,131696,130905],{"class":1023},[57,131698,90069],{"class":75},[57,131700,104],{"class":71},[57,131702,94],{"class":93},[57,131704,130289],{"class":97},[57,131706,101],{"class":93},[57,131708,8220],{"class":9411},[57,131710,68],{"class":67},[57,131712,104],{"class":71},[57,131714,7911],{"class":75},[57,131716,104],{"class":71},[57,131718,112],{"class":93},[57,131720,131721,131723,131725,131727],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131722,119],{"class":118},[57,131724,101],{"class":93},[57,131726,227],{"class":97},[57,131728,112],{"class":93},[20,131730,131611],{},[48,131732,131734],{"className":50,"code":131733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131735,131736,131770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131737,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131739,64],{"class":63},[57,131741,68],{"class":67},[57,131743,72],{"class":71},[57,131745,45137],{"class":75},[57,131747,130905],{"class":1023},[57,131749,90069],{"class":75},[57,131751,104],{"class":71},[57,131753,94],{"class":93},[57,131755,130289],{"class":97},[57,131757,101],{"class":93},[57,131759,1056],{"class":9411},[57,131761,68],{"class":67},[57,131763,104],{"class":71},[57,131765,7911],{"class":75},[57,131767,104],{"class":71},[57,131769,112],{"class":93},[57,131771,131772,131774,131776,131778],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131773,119],{"class":118},[57,131775,101],{"class":93},[57,131777,227],{"class":97},[57,131779,112],{"class":93},[572,131781,8688,131783,1684],{"id":131782},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131784,126572],{},[20,131786,131787,131789],{},[15,131788,126572],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131791,131679],{},[48,131793,131795],{"className":50,"code":131794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131796,131797,131811,131829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131798,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131800,64],{"class":63},[57,131802,68],{"class":67},[57,131804,72],{"class":71},[57,131806,45137],{"class":75},[57,131808,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131810,79],{"class":71},[57,131812,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131814,227],{"class":63},[57,131816,94],{"class":93},[57,131818,130289],{"class":97},[57,131820,101],{"class":93},[57,131822,104],{"class":71},[57,131824,7911],{"class":75},[57,131826,104],{"class":71},[57,131828,112],{"class":93},[57,131830,131831,131833,131835,131837],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,131832,119],{"class":118},[57,131834,101],{"class":93},[57,131836,227],{"class":97},[57,131838,112],{"class":93},[20,131840,131841],{},[153,131842,243],{},[48,131844,131846],{"className":50,"code":131845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131847,131848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131849,131850,131852,131854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131851,35105],{"class":63},[57,131853,107],{"class":93},[57,131855,10073],{"class":93},[20,131857,131611],{},[48,131859,131861],{"className":50,"code":131860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131862,131863,131877,131899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131864,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131866,64],{"class":63},[57,131868,68],{"class":67},[57,131870,72],{"class":71},[57,131872,45137],{"class":75},[57,131874,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131876,79],{"class":71},[57,131878,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131880,64],{"class":63},[57,131882,68],{"class":67},[57,131884,90],{"class":63},[57,131886,94],{"class":93},[57,131888,130289],{"class":97},[57,131890,101],{"class":93},[57,131892,104],{"class":71},[57,131894,7911],{"class":75},[57,131896,104],{"class":71},[57,131898,112],{"class":93},[57,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,131902,119],{"class":118},[57,131904,101],{"class":93},[57,131906,227],{"class":97},[57,131908,112],{"class":93},[572,131910,4937,131912,131914],{"id":131911},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131913,126572],{}," returns a new string",[20,131916,131917],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[572,131919,131921],{"id":131920},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131923,131924],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131926,131927,131928,131930],{},"Use simple ",[15,131929,4026],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131932,131933,131934,94],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[293,131935,90627],{"href":90626},[43,131937,68126],{"id":68125},[20,131939,131940],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[48,131942,131944],{"className":50,"code":131943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131945,131946,131956,131970,131999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131947,131948,131950,131952,131954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131949,119],{"class":118},[57,131951,101],{"class":93},[57,131953,227],{"class":97},[57,131955,112],{"class":93},[57,131957,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,131959,119],{"class":118},[57,131961,101],{"class":93},[57,131963,1257],{"class":1256},[57,131965,101],{"class":93},[57,131967,2708],{"class":97},[57,131969,640],{"class":93},[57,131971,131972,131974,131976,131978,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,131973,119],{"class":118},[57,131975,101],{"class":93},[57,131977,104],{"class":71},[57,131979,131980],{"class":75},"Hello ",[57,131982,4026],{"class":1023},[57,131984,104],{"class":71},[57,131986,94],{"class":93},[57,131988,130289],{"class":97},[57,131990,101],{"class":93},[57,131992,104],{"class":71},[57,131994,7911],{"class":75},[57,131996,104],{"class":71},[57,131998,640],{"class":93},[57,132000,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132002,32392],{"class":118},[57,132004,101],{"class":93},[57,132006,3676],{"class":1256},[57,132008,94],{"class":93},[57,132010,130289],{"class":24987},[57,132012,112],{"class":93},[20,132014,132015],{},"Use them to check:",[30,132017,132018,132021,132024,132027],{},[33,132019,132020],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,132022,132023],{},"what type your value has",[33,132025,132026],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,132028,132029,132030],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132031,132032],{},"str.format",[43,132034,2075],{"id":2074},[572,132036,130071,132038,12947],{"id":132037},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132039,126572],{},[20,132041,132042],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[572,132044,132046],{"id":132045},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132048,132049,132050,132052],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132051,4026],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[572,132054,132056,132057,2085],{"id":132055},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132058,126572],{},[20,132060,132061,132062,132065],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132063,132064],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[572,132067,15135,132069,132071],{"id":132068},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132070,126572],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132073,132074,132075,132077],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132076,126572],{}," is still useful and common.",[43,132079,2132],{"id":2131},[30,132081,132082,132086,132090,132096,132102],{},[33,132083,132084],{},[293,132085,296],{"href":295},[33,132087,132088],{},[293,132089,90904],{"href":89913},[33,132091,132092],{},[293,132093,3809,132094,3742],{"href":46685},[15,132095,46688],{},[33,132097,132098],{},[293,132099,3809,132100,3742],{"href":42415},[15,132101,47920],{},[33,132103,132104],{},[293,132105,90627],{"href":90626},[2161,132107,132108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":132110},[132111,132112,132114,132115,132116,132117,132118,132119,132121,132130,132131,132140],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":130355,"depth":82,"text":132113},"What the format() method does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":130636,"depth":82,"text":130637},{"id":130898,"depth":82,"text":130899},{"id":131129,"depth":82,"text":131130},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":131432,"depth":82,"text":132120},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":132122},[132123,132124,132125,132127,132129],{"id":131553,"depth":115,"text":131554},{"id":131670,"depth":115,"text":131671},{"id":131782,"depth":115,"text":132126},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131911,"depth":115,"text":132128},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131920,"depth":115,"text":131921},{"id":68125,"depth":82,"text":68126},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":132132},[132133,132135,132136,132138],{"id":132037,"depth":115,"text":132134},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132045,"depth":115,"text":132046},{"id":132055,"depth":115,"text":132137},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132068,"depth":115,"text":132139},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130216,"description":132141},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132148,"title":132149,"body":132150,"description":133629,"extension":2201,"meta":133630,"navigation":217,"path":133631,"seo":133632,"stem":133633,"__hash__":133634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132151,"toc":133601},[132152,132157,132162,132167,132169,132231,132238,132244,132249,132251,132267,132269,132340,132342,132356,132359,132409,132411,132413,132440,132443,132458,132461,132502,132505,132550,132557,132606,132608,132615,132617,132635,132637,132730,132738,132779,132784,132791,132797,132804,132807,132811,132912,132914,132936,132940,132993,132996,132999,133005,133012,133014,133053,133055,133073,133083,133090,133173,133176,133183,133190,133197,133201,133209,133255,133259,133268,133333,133338,133343,133354,133356,133361,133388,133390,133493,133496,133516,133518,133523,133526,133530,133534,133541,133550,133556,133559,133565,133567,133569,133598],[10,132153,13,132155,18],{"id":132154},"python-string-index-method",[15,132156,59201],{},[20,132158,22,132159,132161],{},[15,132160,59201],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132163,132164,132165,94],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132166,40944],{},[43,132168,46],{"id":45},[48,132170,132172],{"className":50,"code":132171,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132173,132174,132186,132208,132218,132222,132226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132175,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132177,64],{"class":63},[57,132179,68],{"class":67},[57,132181,72],{"class":71},[57,132183,60640],{"class":75},[57,132185,79],{"class":71},[57,132187,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132189,65150],{"class":63},[57,132191,68],{"class":67},[57,132193,90],{"class":63},[57,132195,94],{"class":93},[57,132197,36085],{"class":97},[57,132199,101],{"class":93},[57,132201,104],{"class":71},[57,132203,60824],{"class":75},[57,132205,104],{"class":71},[57,132207,112],{"class":93},[57,132209,132210,132212,132214,132216],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132211,119],{"class":118},[57,132213,101],{"class":93},[57,132215,65177],{"class":97},[57,132217,112],{"class":93},[57,132219,132220],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132221,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132223,132224],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,132225,91045],{"class":132},[57,132227,132228],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,132229,132230],{"class":132},"# 6\n",[20,132232,136,132233,132235,132236,94],{},[15,132234,59201],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132237,40944],{},[43,132239,143,132241,146],{"id":132240},"what-strindex-does",[15,132242,132243],{},"str.index()",[20,132245,132246,132248],{},[15,132247,132243],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132250,13284],{},[30,132252,132253,132256,132259,132262],{},[33,132254,132255],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,132257,132258],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,132260,132261],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,132263,30532,132264,132266],{},[15,132265,40944],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132268,179],{},[48,132270,132272],{"className":50,"code":132271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132273,132274,132286,132290,132315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132275,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132277,64],{"class":63},[57,132279,68],{"class":67},[57,132281,72],{"class":71},[57,132283,845],{"class":75},[57,132285,79],{"class":71},[57,132287,132288],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132289,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132291,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132293,119],{"class":118},[57,132295,101],{"class":93},[57,132297,227],{"class":97},[57,132299,94],{"class":93},[57,132301,36085],{"class":97},[57,132303,101],{"class":93},[57,132305,104],{"class":71},[57,132307,293],{"class":75},[57,132309,104],{"class":71},[57,132311,5594],{"class":93},[57,132313,132314],{"class":132},"     # 1\n",[57,132316,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132318,119],{"class":118},[57,132320,101],{"class":93},[57,132322,227],{"class":97},[57,132324,94],{"class":93},[57,132326,36085],{"class":97},[57,132328,101],{"class":93},[57,132330,104],{"class":71},[57,132332,123665],{"class":75},[57,132334,104],{"class":71},[57,132336,5594],{"class":93},[57,132338,132339],{"class":132},"    # 2\n",[20,132341,1081],{},[30,132343,132344,132350],{},[33,132345,132346,128782,132348],{},[15,132347,18330],{},[15,132349,3224],{},[33,132351,132352,128782,132354],{},[15,132353,128781],{},[15,132355,1931],{},[20,132357,132358],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[48,132360,132362],{"className":50,"code":132361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132363,132364,132376,132380,132404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132365,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132367,64],{"class":63},[57,132369,68],{"class":67},[57,132371,72],{"class":71},[57,132373,35105],{"class":75},[57,132375,79],{"class":71},[57,132377,132378],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132379,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132381,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132383,119],{"class":118},[57,132385,101],{"class":93},[57,132387,227],{"class":97},[57,132389,94],{"class":93},[57,132391,36085],{"class":97},[57,132393,101],{"class":93},[57,132395,104],{"class":71},[57,132397,51426],{"class":75},[57,132399,104],{"class":71},[57,132401,5594],{"class":93},[57,132403,21003],{"class":132},[57,132405,132406],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132407,132408],{"class":132},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[43,132410,300],{"id":299},[20,132412,2395],{},[48,132414,132416],{"className":50,"code":132415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132417,132418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132419,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132421,310],{"class":63},[57,132423,94],{"class":93},[57,132425,36085],{"class":97},[57,132427,101],{"class":93},[57,132429,2708],{"class":97},[57,132431,107],{"class":93},[57,132433,36291],{"class":97},[57,132435,107],{"class":93},[57,132437,65271],{"class":97},[57,132439,112],{"class":93},[20,132441,132442],{},"Parameters:",[30,132444,132445,132449,132453],{},[33,132446,132447,123764],{},[15,132448,2708],{},[33,132450,132451,128828],{},[15,132452,36312],{},[33,132454,132455,132457],{},[15,132456,52895],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132459,132460],{},"You can use just the value:",[48,132462,132464],{"className":50,"code":132463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132465,132466,132478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132467,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132469,64],{"class":63},[57,132471,68],{"class":67},[57,132473,72],{"class":71},[57,132475,52],{"class":75},[57,132477,79],{"class":71},[57,132479,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132481,119],{"class":118},[57,132483,101],{"class":93},[57,132485,227],{"class":97},[57,132487,94],{"class":93},[57,132489,36085],{"class":97},[57,132491,101],{"class":93},[57,132493,104],{"class":71},[57,132495,63517],{"class":75},[57,132497,104],{"class":71},[57,132499,5594],{"class":93},[57,132501,51650],{"class":132},[20,132503,132504],{},"Or include a start position:",[48,132506,132508],{"className":50,"code":132507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132509,132510,132522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132511,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132513,64],{"class":63},[57,132515,68],{"class":67},[57,132517,72],{"class":71},[57,132519,845],{"class":75},[57,132521,79],{"class":71},[57,132523,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132525,119],{"class":118},[57,132527,101],{"class":93},[57,132529,227],{"class":97},[57,132531,94],{"class":93},[57,132533,36085],{"class":97},[57,132535,101],{"class":93},[57,132537,104],{"class":71},[57,132539,293],{"class":75},[57,132541,104],{"class":71},[57,132543,107],{"class":93},[57,132545,1024],{"class":1023},[57,132547,5594],{"class":93},[57,132549,51006],{"class":132},[20,132551,132552,132553,2082,132555,1016],{},"Or include both ",[15,132554,36312],{},[15,132556,52895],{},[48,132558,132560],{"className":50,"code":132559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132561,132562,132574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132563,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132565,64],{"class":63},[57,132567,68],{"class":67},[57,132569,72],{"class":71},[57,132571,845],{"class":75},[57,132573,79],{"class":71},[57,132575,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132577,119],{"class":118},[57,132579,101],{"class":93},[57,132581,227],{"class":97},[57,132583,94],{"class":93},[57,132585,36085],{"class":97},[57,132587,101],{"class":93},[57,132589,104],{"class":71},[57,132591,293],{"class":75},[57,132593,104],{"class":71},[57,132595,107],{"class":93},[57,132597,1024],{"class":1023},[57,132599,107],{"class":93},[57,132601,4838],{"class":1023},[57,132603,5594],{"class":93},[57,132605,51006],{"class":132},[43,132607,38261],{"id":38260},[20,132609,28947,132610,151,132612,94],{},[15,132611,59201],{},[153,132613,132614],{},"zero-based index",[20,132616,2343],{},[30,132618,132619,132625,132630],{},[33,132620,132621,132622,132624],{},"Index ",[15,132623,1277],{}," is the first character",[33,132626,132621,132627,132629],{},[15,132628,3224],{}," is the second character",[33,132631,132621,132632,132634],{},[15,132633,1931],{}," is the third character",[20,132636,179],{},[48,132638,132640],{"className":50,"code":132639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132641,132642,132654,132658,132682,132706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132643,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132645,64],{"class":63},[57,132647,68],{"class":67},[57,132649,72],{"class":71},[57,132651,1296],{"class":75},[57,132653,79],{"class":71},[57,132655,132656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132657,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132659,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132661,119],{"class":118},[57,132663,101],{"class":93},[57,132665,227],{"class":97},[57,132667,94],{"class":93},[57,132669,36085],{"class":97},[57,132671,101],{"class":93},[57,132673,104],{"class":71},[57,132675,673],{"class":75},[57,132677,104],{"class":71},[57,132679,5594],{"class":93},[57,132681,51482],{"class":132},[57,132683,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132685,119],{"class":118},[57,132687,101],{"class":93},[57,132689,227],{"class":97},[57,132691,94],{"class":93},[57,132693,36085],{"class":97},[57,132695,101],{"class":93},[57,132697,104],{"class":71},[57,132699,293],{"class":75},[57,132701,104],{"class":71},[57,132703,5594],{"class":93},[57,132705,28018],{"class":132},[57,132707,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,132709,119],{"class":118},[57,132711,101],{"class":93},[57,132713,227],{"class":97},[57,132715,94],{"class":93},[57,132717,36085],{"class":97},[57,132719,101],{"class":93},[57,132721,104],{"class":71},[57,132723,63517],{"class":75},[57,132725,104],{"class":71},[57,132727,5594],{"class":93},[57,132729,51650],{"class":132},[20,132731,132732,132734,132735,132737],{},[15,132733,59201],{}," returns only the ",[153,132736,30147],{}," matching position.",[48,132739,132741],{"className":50,"code":132740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132742,132743,132755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132744,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132746,64],{"class":63},[57,132748,68],{"class":67},[57,132750,72],{"class":71},[57,132752,845],{"class":75},[57,132754,79],{"class":71},[57,132756,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132758,119],{"class":118},[57,132760,101],{"class":93},[57,132762,227],{"class":97},[57,132764,94],{"class":93},[57,132766,36085],{"class":97},[57,132768,101],{"class":93},[57,132770,104],{"class":71},[57,132772,293],{"class":75},[57,132774,104],{"class":71},[57,132776,5594],{"class":93},[57,132778,28018],{"class":132},[20,132780,21213,132781,132783],{},[15,132782,18330],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132785,132786,132787,94],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[293,132788,132789,742],{"href":125021},[15,132790,58823],{},[43,132792,425,132793,2082,132795],{"id":65637},[15,132794,36312],{},[15,132796,52895],{},[20,132798,2218,132799,2082,132801,132803],{},[15,132800,36312],{},[15,132802,52895],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132805,132806],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132808,46276,132809,1016],{},[15,132810,36312],{},[48,132812,132814],{"className":50,"code":132813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132815,132816,132828,132832,132856,132884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132817,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132819,64],{"class":63},[57,132821,68],{"class":67},[57,132823,72],{"class":71},[57,132825,845],{"class":75},[57,132827,79],{"class":71},[57,132829,132830],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132831,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132833,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132835,119],{"class":118},[57,132837,101],{"class":93},[57,132839,227],{"class":97},[57,132841,94],{"class":93},[57,132843,36085],{"class":97},[57,132845,101],{"class":93},[57,132847,104],{"class":71},[57,132849,293],{"class":75},[57,132851,104],{"class":71},[57,132853,5594],{"class":93},[57,132855,51355],{"class":132},[57,132857,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,132859,119],{"class":118},[57,132861,101],{"class":93},[57,132863,227],{"class":97},[57,132865,94],{"class":93},[57,132867,36085],{"class":97},[57,132869,101],{"class":93},[57,132871,104],{"class":71},[57,132873,293],{"class":75},[57,132875,104],{"class":71},[57,132877,107],{"class":93},[57,132879,1024],{"class":1023},[57,132881,5594],{"class":93},[57,132883,51205],{"class":132},[57,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,132887,119],{"class":118},[57,132889,101],{"class":93},[57,132891,227],{"class":97},[57,132893,94],{"class":93},[57,132895,36085],{"class":97},[57,132897,101],{"class":93},[57,132899,104],{"class":71},[57,132901,293],{"class":75},[57,132903,104],{"class":71},[57,132905,107],{"class":93},[57,132907,2692],{"class":1023},[57,132909,5594],{"class":93},[57,132911,50989],{"class":132},[20,132913,20192],{},[30,132915,132916,132923,132929],{},[33,132917,132918,132919,65827,132921],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132920,18330],{},[15,132922,3224],{},[33,132924,132925,132926,132928],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132927,1931],{}," skips that first match",[33,132930,132925,132931,132933,132934],{},[15,132932,2740],{}," finds the last ",[15,132935,18330],{},[20,132937,46276,132938,1016],{},[15,132939,52895],{},[48,132941,132943],{"className":50,"code":132942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132944,132945,132957,132961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132946,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132948,64],{"class":63},[57,132950,68],{"class":67},[57,132952,72],{"class":71},[57,132954,845],{"class":75},[57,132956,79],{"class":71},[57,132958,132959],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,132960,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,132962,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,132964,119],{"class":118},[57,132966,101],{"class":93},[57,132968,227],{"class":97},[57,132970,94],{"class":93},[57,132972,36085],{"class":97},[57,132974,101],{"class":93},[57,132976,104],{"class":71},[57,132978,76257],{"class":75},[57,132980,104],{"class":71},[57,132982,107],{"class":93},[57,132984,4068],{"class":1023},[57,132986,107],{"class":93},[57,132988,2692],{"class":1023},[57,132990,5594],{"class":93},[57,132992,51650],{"class":132},[20,132994,132995],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132997,132998],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[43,133000,44448,133002,133004],{"id":133001},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133003,59201],{}," causes an error",[20,133006,133007,133008,52729,133010,94],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133009,59201],{},[15,133011,40944],{},[20,133013,179],{},[48,133015,133017],{"className":50,"code":133016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133018,133019,133031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133020,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133022,64],{"class":63},[57,133024,68],{"class":67},[57,133026,72],{"class":71},[57,133028,1590],{"class":75},[57,133030,79],{"class":71},[57,133032,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133034,119],{"class":118},[57,133036,101],{"class":93},[57,133038,227],{"class":97},[57,133040,94],{"class":93},[57,133042,36085],{"class":97},[57,133044,101],{"class":93},[57,133046,104],{"class":71},[57,133048,22313],{"class":75},[57,133050,104],{"class":71},[57,133052,640],{"class":93},[20,133054,243],{},[48,133056,133058],{"className":50,"code":133057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133059,133060],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133061,133062,133064,133066,133069,133071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133063,40944],{"class":1256},[57,133065,1016],{"class":93},[57,133067,133068],{"class":63}," substring ",[57,133070,175],{"class":67},[57,133072,66060],{"class":63},[20,133074,53576,133075,126536,133080,133082],{},[293,133076,133077],{"href":130210},[15,133078,133079],{},"str.find()",[15,133081,66085],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133084,133085,133086,2082,133088,1016],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133087,30042],{},[15,133089,30073],{},[48,133091,133093],{"className":50,"code":133092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133094,133095,133107,133111,133117,133140,133150,133158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133096,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133098,64],{"class":63},[57,133100,68],{"class":67},[57,133102,72],{"class":71},[57,133104,1590],{"class":75},[57,133106,79],{"class":71},[57,133108,133109],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133110,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,133112,133113,133115],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133114,30042],{"class":4110},[57,133116,6628],{"class":93},[57,133118,133119,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,133120,133121],{"class":63},"    position ",[57,133123,68],{"class":67},[57,133125,90],{"class":63},[57,133127,94],{"class":93},[57,133129,36085],{"class":97},[57,133131,101],{"class":93},[57,133133,104],{"class":71},[57,133135,22313],{"class":75},[57,133137,104],{"class":71},[57,133139,112],{"class":93},[57,133141,133142,133144,133146,133148],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,133143,8304],{"class":118},[57,133145,101],{"class":93},[57,133147,65177],{"class":97},[57,133149,112],{"class":93},[57,133151,133152,133154,133156],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,133153,30073],{"class":4110},[57,133155,42166],{"class":1256},[57,133157,6628],{"class":93},[57,133159,133160,133162,133164,133166,133169,133171],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,133161,8304],{"class":118},[57,133163,101],{"class":93},[57,133165,104],{"class":71},[57,133167,133168],{"class":75},"Substring not found",[57,133170,104],{"class":71},[57,133172,112],{"class":93},[20,133174,133175],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133177,42186,133178,94],{},[293,133179,25917,133181],{"href":133180},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133182,129538],{},[43,133184,133186,577,133188],{"id":133185},"index-vs-find",[15,133187,59201],{},[15,133189,124567],{},[20,133191,133192,2082,133194,133196],{},[15,133193,59201],{},[15,133195,124567],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[572,133198,133199],{"id":36085},[15,133200,59201],{},[30,133202,133203,133206],{},[33,133204,133205],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,133207,133208],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[48,133210,133212],{"className":50,"code":133211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133213,133214,133226,133250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133215,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133217,64],{"class":63},[57,133219,68],{"class":67},[57,133221,72],{"class":71},[57,133223,1590],{"class":75},[57,133225,79],{"class":71},[57,133227,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133229,119],{"class":118},[57,133231,101],{"class":93},[57,133233,227],{"class":97},[57,133235,94],{"class":93},[57,133237,36085],{"class":97},[57,133239,101],{"class":93},[57,133241,104],{"class":71},[57,133243,60681],{"class":75},[57,133245,104],{"class":71},[57,133247,5594],{"class":93},[57,133249,28018],{"class":132},[57,133251,133252],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133253,133254],{"class":132},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[572,133256,133257],{"id":128594},[15,133258,124567],{},[30,133260,133261,133263],{},[33,133262,133205],{},[33,133264,11655,133265,133267],{},[15,133266,66085],{}," if nothing is found",[48,133269,133271],{"className":50,"code":133270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133272,133273,133285,133309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133274,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133276,64],{"class":63},[57,133278,68],{"class":67},[57,133280,72],{"class":71},[57,133282,1590],{"class":75},[57,133284,79],{"class":71},[57,133286,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133288,119],{"class":118},[57,133290,101],{"class":93},[57,133292,227],{"class":97},[57,133294,94],{"class":93},[57,133296,128594],{"class":97},[57,133298,101],{"class":93},[57,133300,104],{"class":71},[57,133302,60681],{"class":75},[57,133304,104],{"class":71},[57,133306,5594],{"class":93},[57,133308,28018],{"class":132},[57,133310,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133312,119],{"class":118},[57,133314,101],{"class":93},[57,133316,227],{"class":97},[57,133318,94],{"class":93},[57,133320,128594],{"class":97},[57,133322,101],{"class":93},[57,133324,104],{"class":71},[57,133326,22313],{"class":75},[57,133328,104],{"class":71},[57,133330,5594],{"class":93},[57,133332,128950],{"class":132},[20,133334,136,133335,133337],{},[15,133336,59201],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133339,136,133340,133342],{},[15,133341,124567],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133344,133345,133346,3114,133351,94],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[293,133347,133348,133350],{"href":130210},[15,133349,133079],{}," method reference",[293,133352,127605],{"href":133353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[43,133355,1673],{"id":1672},[20,133357,133358,133359,1016],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133360,59201],{},[30,133362,133363,133366,133373,133378,133383],{},[33,133364,133365],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,133367,8688,133368,8691,133370,133372],{},[15,133369,59201],{},[15,133371,66085],{}," when no match exists",[33,133374,425,133375,133377],{},[15,133376,59201],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,133379,133380,133381],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133382,3224],{},[33,133384,4812,133385,133387],{},[15,133386,59201],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133389,62525],{},[48,133391,133393],{"className":50,"code":133392,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133394,133395,133405,133419,133441,133463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133396,133397,133399,133401,133403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133398,119],{"class":118},[57,133400,101],{"class":93},[57,133402,227],{"class":97},[57,133404,112],{"class":93},[57,133406,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133408,119],{"class":118},[57,133410,101],{"class":93},[57,133412,42019],{"class":118},[57,133414,101],{"class":93},[57,133416,227],{"class":97},[57,133418,640],{"class":93},[57,133420,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133422,119],{"class":118},[57,133424,101],{"class":93},[57,133426,227],{"class":97},[57,133428,94],{"class":93},[57,133430,36085],{"class":97},[57,133432,101],{"class":93},[57,133434,104],{"class":71},[57,133436,2708],{"class":75},[57,133438,104],{"class":71},[57,133440,640],{"class":93},[57,133442,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,133444,119],{"class":118},[57,133446,101],{"class":93},[57,133448,227],{"class":97},[57,133450,94],{"class":93},[57,133452,128594],{"class":97},[57,133454,101],{"class":93},[57,133456,104],{"class":71},[57,133458,2708],{"class":75},[57,133460,104],{"class":71},[57,133462,640],{"class":93},[57,133464,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,133466,119],{"class":118},[57,133468,101],{"class":93},[57,133470,227],{"class":97},[57,133472,94],{"class":93},[57,133474,36085],{"class":97},[57,133476,101],{"class":93},[57,133478,104],{"class":71},[57,133480,2708],{"class":75},[57,133482,104],{"class":71},[57,133484,107],{"class":93},[57,133486,36291],{"class":97},[57,133488,107],{"class":93},[57,133490,65271],{"class":97},[57,133492,640],{"class":93},[20,133494,133495],{},"Tips:",[30,133497,133498,133503,133508,133511],{},[33,133499,136,133500,133502],{},[15,133501,126492],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133504,136,133505,133507],{},[15,133506,124567],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133509,133510],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133512,133513,133514],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133515,1277],{},[43,133517,2075],{"id":2074},[572,133519,130071,133521,12947],{"id":133520},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133522,59201],{},[20,133524,133525],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[572,133527,133529],{"id":133528},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133531,77084,133532,94],{},[15,133533,40944],{},[572,133535,2079,133537,2082,133539,2085],{"id":133536},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133538,59201],{},[15,133540,124567],{},[20,133542,133543,133545,133546,2631,133548,6866],{},[15,133544,59201],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133547,124567],{},[15,133549,66085],{},[572,133551,5402,133553,133555],{"id":133552},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133554,59201],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133557,133558],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[572,133560,133562,133563,124907],{"id":133561},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133564,59201],{},[20,133566,130096],{},[43,133568,2132],{"id":2131},[30,133570,133571,133577,133581,133586,133592],{},[33,133572,133573],{},[293,133574,133575,742],{"href":130210},[15,133576,133079],{},[33,133578,133579],{},[293,133580,124970],{"href":133353},[33,133582,133583],{},[293,133584,2139],{"href":133585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133587,133588],{},[293,133589,133590,742],{"href":125021},[15,133591,58823],{},[33,133593,133594],{},[293,133595,30586,133596],{"href":133180},[15,133597,129538],{},[2161,133599,133600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":133602},[133603,133604,133606,133607,133608,133609,133611,133616,133617,133628],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":132240,"depth":82,"text":133605},"What str.index() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261},{"id":65637,"depth":82,"text":66420},{"id":133001,"depth":82,"text":133610},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133185,"depth":82,"text":133612,"children":133613},"index() vs find()",[133614,133615],{"id":36085,"depth":115,"text":59201},{"id":128594,"depth":115,"text":124567},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":133618},[133619,133621,133622,133624,133626],{"id":133520,"depth":115,"text":133620},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133528,"depth":115,"text":133529},{"id":133536,"depth":115,"text":133623},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133552,"depth":115,"text":133625},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133561,"depth":115,"text":133627},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132149,"description":133629},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133636,"title":133637,"body":133638,"description":136407,"extension":2201,"meta":136408,"navigation":217,"path":136409,"seo":136410,"stem":136411,"__hash__":136412},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133639,"toc":136343},[133640,133645,133650,133653,133656,133667,133669,133736,133738,133752,133757,133762,133767,133769,133811,133813,133896,133898,133944,133950,133952,133954,133973,133975,133998,134000,134074,134076,134095,134100,134102,134106,134178,134180,134194,134198,134274,134276,134295,134299,134393,134395,134404,134411,134486,134488,134506,134510,134513,134520,134569,134571,134580,134587,134646,134648,134666,134669,134676,134735,134737,134755,134762,134819,134821,134830,134834,134839,134843,134902,134904,134922,134926,134973,134978,134981,135050,135052,135069,135076,135082,135137,135142,135145,135222,135224,135242,135248,135254,135314,135316,135335,135341,135344,135351,135404,135409,135411,135472,135481,135488,135490,135547,135552,135554,135625,135629,135684,135686,135695,135700,135706,135775,135777,135809,135815,135823,135830,135836,135901,135903,135912,135918,135999,136001,136010,136015,136029,136036,136040,136045,136073,136075,136208,136211,136248,136250,136256,136265,136270,136273,136278,136283,136289,136292,136301,136304,136306,136335,136340],[10,133641,13,133643,18],{"id":133642},"python-string-join-method",[15,133644,1364],{},[20,133646,22,133647,133649],{},[15,133648,1364],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133651,133652],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133654,133655],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133657,133658,133664],{},[33,133659,133660,133661,133663],{},"You call ",[15,133662,1364],{}," on the separator string",[33,133665,133666],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[43,133668,3843],{"id":3842},[48,133670,133672],{"className":50,"code":133671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133673,133674,133706,133726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133675,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133677,4304],{"class":63},[57,133679,68],{"class":67},[57,133681,1380],{"class":93},[57,133683,104],{"class":71},[57,133685,528],{"class":75},[57,133687,104],{"class":71},[57,133689,107],{"class":93},[57,133691,72],{"class":71},[57,133693,537],{"class":75},[57,133695,104],{"class":71},[57,133697,107],{"class":93},[57,133699,72],{"class":71},[57,133701,476],{"class":75},[57,133703,104],{"class":71},[57,133705,288],{"class":93},[57,133707,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133709,2463],{"class":63},[57,133711,68],{"class":67},[57,133713,72],{"class":71},[57,133715,72],{"class":71},[57,133717,94],{"class":93},[57,133719,1422],{"class":97},[57,133721,101],{"class":93},[57,133723,4345],{"class":97},[57,133725,112],{"class":93},[57,133727,133728,133730,133732,133734],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133729,119],{"class":118},[57,133731,101],{"class":93},[57,133733,2498],{"class":97},[57,133735,112],{"class":93},[20,133737,243],{},[48,133739,133741],{"className":50,"code":133740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is fun\n",[15,133742,133743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133744,133745,133747,133749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133746,3809],{"class":63},[57,133748,537],{"class":67},[57,133750,133751],{"class":63}," fun\n",[20,133753,136,133754,133756],{},[15,133755,1364],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[43,133758,143,133760,146],{"id":133759},"what-join-does",[15,133761,1364],{},[20,133763,133764,133766],{},[15,133765,1364],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133768,11690],{},[30,133770,133771,133778,133805,133808],{},[33,133772,133773,133774,133777],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133775,133776],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133779,133780,133781],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133782,133783,133789,133795,133800],{},[33,133784,133785,133788],{},[15,133786,133787],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133790,133791,133794],{},[15,133792,133793],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133796,133797,133799],{},[15,133798,757],{}," for dashes",[33,133801,133802,133804],{},[15,133803,6506],{}," for no separator",[33,133806,133807],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133809,133810],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133812,179],{},[48,133814,133816],{"className":50,"code":133815,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133817,133818,133850,133872,133876,133886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133819,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133821,4304],{"class":63},[57,133823,68],{"class":67},[57,133825,1380],{"class":93},[57,133827,104],{"class":71},[57,133829,264],{"class":75},[57,133831,104],{"class":71},[57,133833,107],{"class":93},[57,133835,72],{"class":71},[57,133837,283],{"class":75},[57,133839,104],{"class":71},[57,133841,107],{"class":93},[57,133843,72],{"class":71},[57,133845,274],{"class":75},[57,133847,104],{"class":71},[57,133849,288],{"class":93},[57,133851,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133853,2463],{"class":63},[57,133855,68],{"class":67},[57,133857,72],{"class":71},[57,133859,754],{"class":75},[57,133861,104],{"class":71},[57,133863,94],{"class":93},[57,133865,1422],{"class":97},[57,133867,101],{"class":93},[57,133869,4345],{"class":97},[57,133871,112],{"class":93},[57,133873,133874],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,133875,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,133877,133878,133880,133882,133884],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,133879,119],{"class":118},[57,133881,101],{"class":93},[57,133883,2498],{"class":97},[57,133885,112],{"class":93},[57,133887,133888,133890,133892,133894],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,133889,119],{"class":118},[57,133891,101],{"class":93},[57,133893,4345],{"class":97},[57,133895,112],{"class":93},[20,133897,243],{},[48,133899,133901],{"className":50,"code":133900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133902,133903,133916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133904,133905,133907,133909,133912,133914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133906,264],{"class":63},[57,133908,107],{"class":93},[57,133910,133911],{"class":63}," green",[57,133913,107],{"class":93},[57,133915,36120],{"class":63},[57,133917,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,133919,258],{"class":93},[57,133921,261],{"class":71},[57,133923,264],{"class":75},[57,133925,261],{"class":71},[57,133927,107],{"class":93},[57,133929,271],{"class":71},[57,133931,283],{"class":75},[57,133933,261],{"class":71},[57,133935,107],{"class":93},[57,133937,271],{"class":71},[57,133939,274],{"class":75},[57,133941,261],{"class":71},[57,133943,288],{"class":93},[20,133945,133946,133947,133949],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133948,1364],{}," creates a new string.",[43,133951,300],{"id":299},[20,133953,7453],{},[48,133955,133957],{"className":50,"code":133956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133958,133959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133960,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133962,319],{"class":63},[57,133964,94],{"class":93},[57,133966,1422],{"class":97},[57,133968,101],{"class":93},[57,133970,3955],{"class":97},[57,133972,112],{"class":93},[572,133974,49246],{"id":49245},[30,133976,133977,133990,133995],{},[33,133978,133979,133981,133982,754,133984,754,133986,758,133988],{},[15,133980,319],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133983,133787],{},[15,133985,133793],{},[15,133987,757],{},[15,133989,6506],{},[33,133991,133992,133994],{},[15,133993,3955],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133996,133997],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133999,179],{},[48,134001,134003],{"className":50,"code":134002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134004,134005,134037,134060,134064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134006,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134008,5227],{"class":63},[57,134010,68],{"class":67},[57,134012,1380],{"class":93},[57,134014,104],{"class":71},[57,134016,13112],{"class":75},[57,134018,104],{"class":71},[57,134020,107],{"class":93},[57,134022,72],{"class":71},[57,134024,36180],{"class":75},[57,134026,104],{"class":71},[57,134028,107],{"class":93},[57,134030,72],{"class":71},[57,134032,36189],{"class":75},[57,134034,104],{"class":71},[57,134036,288],{"class":93},[57,134038,134039,134041,134043,134045,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134040,2463],{"class":63},[57,134042,68],{"class":67},[57,134044,72],{"class":71},[57,134046,134047],{"class":75}," | ",[57,134049,104],{"class":71},[57,134051,94],{"class":93},[57,134053,1422],{"class":97},[57,134055,101],{"class":93},[57,134057,5271],{"class":97},[57,134059,112],{"class":93},[57,134061,134062],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,134063,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,134065,134066,134068,134070,134072],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,134067,119],{"class":118},[57,134069,101],{"class":93},[57,134071,2498],{"class":97},[57,134073,112],{"class":93},[20,134075,243],{},[48,134077,134079],{"className":50,"code":134078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134080,134081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134082,134083,134086,134088,134091,134093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134084,134085],{"class":63},"Ana ",[57,134087,114083],{"class":67},[57,134089,134090],{"class":63}," Ben ",[57,134092,114083],{"class":67},[57,134094,36261],{"class":63},[20,134096,134097,134098,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[293,134099,296],{"href":295},[43,134101,122105],{"id":122104},[572,134103,134105],{"id":134104},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[48,134107,134109],{"className":50,"code":134108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134110,134111,134144,134164,134168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134112,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134140,134142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134114,4304],{"class":63},[57,134116,68],{"class":67},[57,134118,1380],{"class":93},[57,134120,104],{"class":71},[57,134122,528],{"class":75},[57,134124,104],{"class":71},[57,134126,107],{"class":93},[57,134128,72],{"class":71},[57,134130,537],{"class":75},[57,134132,104],{"class":71},[57,134134,107],{"class":93},[57,134136,72],{"class":71},[57,134138,134139],{"class":75},"easy",[57,134141,104],{"class":71},[57,134143,288],{"class":93},[57,134145,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134147,2463],{"class":63},[57,134149,68],{"class":67},[57,134151,72],{"class":71},[57,134153,72],{"class":71},[57,134155,94],{"class":93},[57,134157,1422],{"class":97},[57,134159,101],{"class":93},[57,134161,4345],{"class":97},[57,134163,112],{"class":93},[57,134165,134166],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,134167,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,134169,134170,134172,134174,134176],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,134171,119],{"class":118},[57,134173,101],{"class":93},[57,134175,2498],{"class":97},[57,134177,112],{"class":93},[20,134179,243],{},[48,134181,134183],{"className":50,"code":134182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is easy\n",[15,134184,134185],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134186,134187,134189,134191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134188,3809],{"class":63},[57,134190,537],{"class":67},[57,134192,134193],{"class":63}," easy\n",[572,134195,134197],{"id":134196},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[48,134199,134201],{"className":50,"code":134200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134202,134203,134238,134260,134264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134204,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134216,134218,134220,134222,134225,134227,134229,134231,134234,134236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134206,8014],{"class":63},[57,134208,68],{"class":67},[57,134210,1380],{"class":93},[57,134212,104],{"class":71},[57,134214,134215],{"class":75},"apples",[57,134217,104],{"class":71},[57,134219,107],{"class":93},[57,134221,72],{"class":71},[57,134223,134224],{"class":75},"bananas",[57,134226,104],{"class":71},[57,134228,107],{"class":93},[57,134230,72],{"class":71},[57,134232,134233],{"class":75},"oranges",[57,134235,104],{"class":71},[57,134237,288],{"class":93},[57,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134241,2463],{"class":63},[57,134243,68],{"class":67},[57,134245,72],{"class":71},[57,134247,754],{"class":75},[57,134249,104],{"class":71},[57,134251,94],{"class":93},[57,134253,1422],{"class":97},[57,134255,101],{"class":93},[57,134257,8045],{"class":97},[57,134259,112],{"class":93},[57,134261,134262],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,134263,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,134265,134266,134268,134270,134272],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,134267,119],{"class":118},[57,134269,101],{"class":93},[57,134271,2498],{"class":97},[57,134273,112],{"class":93},[20,134275,243],{},[48,134277,134279],{"className":50,"code":134278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134280,134281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134282,134283,134285,134287,134290,134292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134284,134215],{"class":63},[57,134286,107],{"class":93},[57,134288,134289],{"class":63}," bananas",[57,134291,107],{"class":93},[57,134293,134294],{"class":63}," oranges\n",[572,134296,134298],{"id":134297},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[48,134300,134302],{"className":50,"code":134301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134303,134304,134361,134379,134383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134305,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134307,36330],{"class":63},[57,134309,68],{"class":67},[57,134311,1380],{"class":93},[57,134313,104],{"class":71},[57,134315,134316],{"class":75},"P",[57,134318,104],{"class":71},[57,134320,107],{"class":93},[57,134322,72],{"class":71},[57,134324,11977],{"class":75},[57,134326,104],{"class":71},[57,134328,107],{"class":93},[57,134330,72],{"class":71},[57,134332,63517],{"class":75},[57,134334,104],{"class":71},[57,134336,107],{"class":93},[57,134338,72],{"class":71},[57,134340,60672],{"class":75},[57,134342,104],{"class":71},[57,134344,107],{"class":93},[57,134346,72],{"class":71},[57,134348,60707],{"class":75},[57,134350,104],{"class":71},[57,134352,107],{"class":93},[57,134354,72],{"class":71},[57,134356,76257],{"class":75},[57,134358,104],{"class":71},[57,134360,288],{"class":93},[57,134362,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134364,2463],{"class":63},[57,134366,68],{"class":67},[57,134368,6360],{"class":71},[57,134370,94],{"class":93},[57,134372,1422],{"class":97},[57,134374,101],{"class":93},[57,134376,36383],{"class":97},[57,134378,112],{"class":93},[57,134380,134381],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,134382,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,134384,134385,134387,134389,134391],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,134386,119],{"class":118},[57,134388,101],{"class":93},[57,134390,2498],{"class":97},[57,134392,112],{"class":93},[20,134394,243],{},[48,134396,134398],{"className":50,"code":134397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python\n",[15,134399,134400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134401,134402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134403,134397],{"class":63},[572,134405,134407,134408,134410],{"id":134406},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134409,1364],{}," returns the result",[48,134412,134414],{"className":50,"code":134413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134415,134416,134448,134471,134475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134417,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134419,4304],{"class":63},[57,134421,68],{"class":67},[57,134423,1380],{"class":93},[57,134425,104],{"class":71},[57,134427,399],{"class":75},[57,134429,104],{"class":71},[57,134431,107],{"class":93},[57,134433,72],{"class":71},[57,134435,408],{"class":75},[57,134437,104],{"class":71},[57,134439,107],{"class":93},[57,134441,72],{"class":71},[57,134443,417],{"class":75},[57,134445,104],{"class":71},[57,134447,288],{"class":93},[57,134449,134450,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134451,134452],{"class":63},"joined_text ",[57,134454,68],{"class":67},[57,134456,72],{"class":71},[57,134458,1415],{"class":75},[57,134460,104],{"class":71},[57,134462,94],{"class":93},[57,134464,1422],{"class":97},[57,134466,101],{"class":93},[57,134468,4345],{"class":97},[57,134470,112],{"class":93},[57,134472,134473],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,134474,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,134476,134477,134479,134481,134484],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,134478,119],{"class":118},[57,134480,101],{"class":93},[57,134482,134483],{"class":97},"joined_text",[57,134485,112],{"class":93},[20,134487,243],{},[48,134489,134491],{"className":50,"code":134490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one-two-three\n",[15,134492,134493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134494,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134496,399],{"class":63},[57,134498,1415],{"class":67},[57,134500,408],{"class":63},[57,134502,1415],{"class":67},[57,134504,134505],{"class":63},"three\n",[43,134507,134509],{"id":134508},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134511,134512],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[572,134514,134516,134519],{"id":134515},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134517,134518],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[48,134521,134523],{"className":50,"code":134522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134524,134525,134549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134526,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134528,4304],{"class":63},[57,134530,68],{"class":67},[57,134532,1380],{"class":93},[57,134534,104],{"class":71},[57,134536,1590],{"class":75},[57,134538,104],{"class":71},[57,134540,107],{"class":93},[57,134542,72],{"class":71},[57,134544,60824],{"class":75},[57,134546,104],{"class":71},[57,134548,288],{"class":93},[57,134550,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134552,119],{"class":118},[57,134554,101],{"class":93},[57,134556,104],{"class":71},[57,134558,72],{"class":71},[57,134560,94],{"class":93},[57,134562,1422],{"class":97},[57,134564,101],{"class":93},[57,134566,4345],{"class":97},[57,134568,640],{"class":93},[20,134570,243],{},[48,134572,134574],{"className":50,"code":134573,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n",[15,134575,134576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134577,134578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134579,134573],{"class":63},[572,134581,134583,134586],{"id":134582},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134584,134585],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[48,134588,134590],{"className":50,"code":134589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134591,134592,134624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134593,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134595,13308],{"class":63},[57,134597,68],{"class":67},[57,134599,1380],{"class":93},[57,134601,104],{"class":71},[57,134603,264],{"class":75},[57,134605,104],{"class":71},[57,134607,107],{"class":93},[57,134609,72],{"class":71},[57,134611,274],{"class":75},[57,134613,104],{"class":71},[57,134615,107],{"class":93},[57,134617,72],{"class":71},[57,134619,283],{"class":75},[57,134621,104],{"class":71},[57,134623,288],{"class":93},[57,134625,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134627,119],{"class":118},[57,134629,101],{"class":93},[57,134631,104],{"class":71},[57,134633,754],{"class":75},[57,134635,104],{"class":71},[57,134637,94],{"class":93},[57,134639,1422],{"class":97},[57,134641,101],{"class":93},[57,134643,17736],{"class":97},[57,134645,640],{"class":93},[20,134647,243],{},[48,134649,134651],{"className":50,"code":134650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134652,134653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134654,134655,134657,134659,134662,134664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134656,264],{"class":63},[57,134658,107],{"class":93},[57,134660,134661],{"class":63}," blue",[57,134663,107],{"class":93},[57,134665,36113],{"class":63},[20,134667,134668],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[572,134670,134672,134675],{"id":134671},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134673,134674],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[48,134677,134679],{"className":50,"code":134678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134680,134681,134713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134682,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134684,85],{"class":63},[57,134686,68],{"class":67},[57,134688,1380],{"class":93},[57,134690,104],{"class":71},[57,134692,52],{"class":75},[57,134694,104],{"class":71},[57,134696,107],{"class":93},[57,134698,72],{"class":71},[57,134700,310],{"class":75},[57,134702,104],{"class":71},[57,134704,107],{"class":93},[57,134706,72],{"class":71},[57,134708,1422],{"class":75},[57,134710,104],{"class":71},[57,134712,288],{"class":93},[57,134714,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134716,119],{"class":118},[57,134718,101],{"class":93},[57,134720,104],{"class":71},[57,134722,1415],{"class":75},[57,134724,104],{"class":71},[57,134726,94],{"class":93},[57,134728,1422],{"class":97},[57,134730,101],{"class":93},[57,134732,124],{"class":97},[57,134734,640],{"class":93},[20,134736,243],{},[48,134738,134740],{"className":50,"code":134739,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python-string-join\n",[15,134741,134742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134743,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134745,52],{"class":63},[57,134747,1415],{"class":67},[57,134749,310],{"class":63},[57,134751,1415],{"class":67},[57,134753,134754],{"class":63},"join\n",[572,134756,134758,134761],{"id":134757},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134759,134760],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[48,134763,134765],{"className":50,"code":134764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134766,134767,134800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134768,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134796,134798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134770,113155],{"class":63},[57,134772,68],{"class":67},[57,134774,1380],{"class":93},[57,134776,104],{"class":71},[57,134778,22481],{"class":75},[57,134780,104],{"class":71},[57,134782,107],{"class":93},[57,134784,72],{"class":71},[57,134786,30839],{"class":75},[57,134788,104],{"class":71},[57,134790,107],{"class":93},[57,134792,72],{"class":71},[57,134794,134795],{"class":75},"C",[57,134797,104],{"class":71},[57,134799,288],{"class":93},[57,134801,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134817],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134803,119],{"class":118},[57,134805,101],{"class":93},[57,134807,6506],{"class":71},[57,134809,94],{"class":93},[57,134811,1422],{"class":97},[57,134813,101],{"class":93},[57,134815,134816],{"class":97},"chars",[57,134818,640],{"class":93},[20,134820,243],{},[48,134822,134824],{"className":50,"code":134823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ABC\n",[15,134825,134826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134827,134828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134829,134823],{"class":472},[43,134831,134833],{"id":134832},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134835,134836,134838],{},[15,134837,1364],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[572,134840,134842],{"id":134841},"this-works","This works",[48,134844,134846],{"className":50,"code":134845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134847,134848,134880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134849,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134851,4057],{"class":63},[57,134853,68],{"class":67},[57,134855,1380],{"class":93},[57,134857,104],{"class":71},[57,134859,941],{"class":75},[57,134861,104],{"class":71},[57,134863,107],{"class":93},[57,134865,72],{"class":71},[57,134867,15987],{"class":75},[57,134869,104],{"class":71},[57,134871,107],{"class":93},[57,134873,72],{"class":71},[57,134875,37082],{"class":75},[57,134877,104],{"class":71},[57,134879,288],{"class":93},[57,134881,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134883,119],{"class":118},[57,134885,101],{"class":93},[57,134887,104],{"class":71},[57,134889,754],{"class":75},[57,134891,104],{"class":71},[57,134893,94],{"class":93},[57,134895,1422],{"class":97},[57,134897,101],{"class":93},[57,134899,5591],{"class":97},[57,134901,640],{"class":93},[20,134903,243],{},[48,134905,134907],{"className":50,"code":134906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134908,134909],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134910,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134912,941],{"class":1023},[57,134914,107],{"class":93},[57,134916,8025],{"class":1023},[57,134918,107],{"class":93},[57,134920,134921],{"class":1023}," 30\n",[572,134923,134925],{"id":134924},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[48,134927,134929],{"className":50,"code":134928,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134930,134931,134951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134932,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134934,4057],{"class":63},[57,134936,68],{"class":67},[57,134938,1380],{"class":93},[57,134940,3224],{"class":1023},[57,134942,107],{"class":93},[57,134944,1024],{"class":1023},[57,134946,107],{"class":93},[57,134948,2686],{"class":1023},[57,134950,288],{"class":93},[57,134952,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,134954,119],{"class":118},[57,134956,101],{"class":93},[57,134958,104],{"class":71},[57,134960,754],{"class":75},[57,134962,104],{"class":71},[57,134964,94],{"class":93},[57,134966,1422],{"class":97},[57,134968,101],{"class":93},[57,134970,5591],{"class":97},[57,134972,640],{"class":93},[20,134974,90532,134975,134977],{},[15,134976,3241],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134979,134980],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[48,134982,134984],{"className":50,"code":134983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134985,134986,135006,135036,135040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134989,4057],{"class":63},[57,134991,68],{"class":67},[57,134993,1380],{"class":93},[57,134995,3224],{"class":1023},[57,134997,107],{"class":93},[57,134999,1024],{"class":1023},[57,135001,107],{"class":93},[57,135003,2686],{"class":1023},[57,135005,288],{"class":93},[57,135007,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135009,2463],{"class":63},[57,135011,68],{"class":67},[57,135013,72],{"class":71},[57,135015,754],{"class":75},[57,135017,104],{"class":71},[57,135019,94],{"class":93},[57,135021,1422],{"class":97},[57,135023,101],{"class":93},[57,135025,40100],{"class":118},[57,135027,101],{"class":93},[57,135029,3676],{"class":1256},[57,135031,107],{"class":93},[57,135033,4120],{"class":97},[57,135035,640],{"class":93},[57,135037,135038],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135039,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135041,135042,135044,135046,135048],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135043,119],{"class":118},[57,135045,101],{"class":93},[57,135047,2498],{"class":97},[57,135049,112],{"class":93},[20,135051,243],{},[48,135053,135055],{"className":50,"code":135054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135056,135057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135058,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135060,3224],{"class":1023},[57,135062,107],{"class":93},[57,135064,1024],{"class":1023},[57,135066,107],{"class":93},[57,135068,2813],{"class":1023},[20,135070,135071,135072,94],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[293,135073,3809,135074,3742],{"href":42415},[15,135075,47920],{},[572,135077,135079,135081],{"id":135078},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135080,4012],{}," values do not work directly",[48,135083,135085],{"className":50,"code":135084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135086,135087,135115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135088,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135090,4057],{"class":63},[57,135092,68],{"class":67},[57,135094,1380],{"class":93},[57,135096,104],{"class":71},[57,135098,836],{"class":75},[57,135100,104],{"class":71},[57,135102,107],{"class":93},[57,135104,4086],{"class":4085},[57,135106,107],{"class":93},[57,135108,72],{"class":71},[57,135110,845],{"class":75},[57,135112,104],{"class":71},[57,135114,288],{"class":93},[57,135116,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135118,119],{"class":118},[57,135120,101],{"class":93},[57,135122,104],{"class":71},[57,135124,754],{"class":75},[57,135126,104],{"class":71},[57,135128,94],{"class":93},[57,135130,1422],{"class":97},[57,135132,101],{"class":93},[57,135134,5591],{"class":97},[57,135136,640],{"class":93},[20,135138,135139,135140,94],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135141,3241],{},[20,135143,135144],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[48,135146,135148],{"className":50,"code":135147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135149,135150,135178,135208,135212],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135151,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135153,4057],{"class":63},[57,135155,68],{"class":67},[57,135157,1380],{"class":93},[57,135159,104],{"class":71},[57,135161,836],{"class":75},[57,135163,104],{"class":71},[57,135165,107],{"class":93},[57,135167,4086],{"class":4085},[57,135169,107],{"class":93},[57,135171,72],{"class":71},[57,135173,845],{"class":75},[57,135175,104],{"class":71},[57,135177,288],{"class":93},[57,135179,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135181,2463],{"class":63},[57,135183,68],{"class":67},[57,135185,72],{"class":71},[57,135187,754],{"class":75},[57,135189,104],{"class":71},[57,135191,94],{"class":93},[57,135193,1422],{"class":97},[57,135195,101],{"class":93},[57,135197,40100],{"class":118},[57,135199,101],{"class":93},[57,135201,3676],{"class":1256},[57,135203,107],{"class":93},[57,135205,4120],{"class":97},[57,135207,640],{"class":93},[57,135209,135210],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135211,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135213,135214,135216,135218,135220],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135215,119],{"class":118},[57,135217,101],{"class":93},[57,135219,2498],{"class":97},[57,135221,112],{"class":93},[20,135223,243],{},[48,135225,135227],{"className":50,"code":135226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135228,135229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135230,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135232,836],{"class":63},[57,135234,107],{"class":93},[57,135236,4086],{"class":4085},[57,135238,107],{"class":93},[57,135240,135241],{"class":63}," banana\n",[20,135243,135244,135245,135247],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135246,4012],{}," values instead of converting them.",[572,135249,135251,135253],{"id":135250},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135252,1364],{}," also works with tuples",[48,135255,135257],{"className":50,"code":135256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135258,135259,135291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135262,5227],{"class":63},[57,135264,68],{"class":67},[57,135266,9472],{"class":93},[57,135268,104],{"class":71},[57,135270,7911],{"class":75},[57,135272,104],{"class":71},[57,135274,107],{"class":93},[57,135276,72],{"class":71},[57,135278,131653],{"class":75},[57,135280,104],{"class":71},[57,135282,107],{"class":93},[57,135284,72],{"class":71},[57,135286,8156],{"class":75},[57,135288,104],{"class":71},[57,135290,112],{"class":93},[57,135292,135293,135295,135297,135299,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135294,119],{"class":118},[57,135296,101],{"class":93},[57,135298,104],{"class":71},[57,135300,135301],{"class":75}," \u002F ",[57,135303,104],{"class":71},[57,135305,94],{"class":93},[57,135307,1422],{"class":97},[57,135309,101],{"class":93},[57,135311,5271],{"class":97},[57,135313,640],{"class":93},[20,135315,243],{},[48,135317,135319],{"className":50,"code":135318,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135320,135321],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135322,135323,135326,135328,135331,135333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135324,135325],{"class":63},"Sam ",[57,135327,127461],{"class":67},[57,135329,135330],{"class":63}," Lee ",[57,135332,127461],{"class":67},[57,135334,22570],{"class":63},[43,135336,135338,135339],{"id":135337},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135340,1364],{},[20,135342,135343],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[572,135345,135347,135348,135350],{"id":135346},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135349,3241],{}," because not all items are strings",[48,135352,135354],{"className":50,"code":135353,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135355,135356,135384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135357,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135359,8014],{"class":63},[57,135361,68],{"class":67},[57,135363,1380],{"class":93},[57,135365,104],{"class":71},[57,135367,293],{"class":75},[57,135369,104],{"class":71},[57,135371,107],{"class":93},[57,135373,1024],{"class":1023},[57,135375,107],{"class":93},[57,135377,72],{"class":71},[57,135379,673],{"class":75},[57,135381,104],{"class":71},[57,135383,288],{"class":93},[57,135385,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135387,119],{"class":118},[57,135389,101],{"class":93},[57,135391,104],{"class":71},[57,135393,72],{"class":71},[57,135395,94],{"class":93},[57,135397,1422],{"class":97},[57,135399,101],{"class":93},[57,135401,8045],{"class":97},[57,135403,640],{"class":93},[20,135405,48747,135406,135408],{},[15,135407,1931],{}," is an integer.",[20,135410,39502],{},[48,135412,135414],{"className":50,"code":135413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135415,135416,135444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135417,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135419,8014],{"class":63},[57,135421,68],{"class":67},[57,135423,1380],{"class":93},[57,135425,104],{"class":71},[57,135427,293],{"class":75},[57,135429,104],{"class":71},[57,135431,107],{"class":93},[57,135433,1024],{"class":1023},[57,135435,107],{"class":93},[57,135437,72],{"class":71},[57,135439,673],{"class":75},[57,135441,104],{"class":71},[57,135443,288],{"class":93},[57,135445,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135447,119],{"class":118},[57,135449,101],{"class":93},[57,135451,104],{"class":71},[57,135453,72],{"class":71},[57,135455,94],{"class":93},[57,135457,1422],{"class":97},[57,135459,101],{"class":93},[57,135461,40100],{"class":118},[57,135463,101],{"class":93},[57,135465,3676],{"class":1256},[57,135467,107],{"class":93},[57,135469,6199],{"class":97},[57,135471,2028],{"class":93},[20,135473,135474,135475,94],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[293,135476,25917,135478],{"href":135477},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135479,135480],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[572,135482,135484,135485,135487],{"id":135483},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135486,1364],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135489,4758],{},[48,135491,135493],{"className":50,"code":135492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135494,135495,135527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135496,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135498,4304],{"class":63},[57,135500,68],{"class":67},[57,135502,1380],{"class":93},[57,135504,104],{"class":71},[57,135506,528],{"class":75},[57,135508,104],{"class":71},[57,135510,107],{"class":93},[57,135512,72],{"class":71},[57,135514,537],{"class":75},[57,135516,104],{"class":71},[57,135518,107],{"class":93},[57,135520,72],{"class":71},[57,135522,476],{"class":75},[57,135524,104],{"class":71},[57,135526,288],{"class":93},[57,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135530,2463],{"class":63},[57,135532,68],{"class":67},[57,135534,6402],{"class":63},[57,135536,94],{"class":93},[57,135538,1422],{"class":97},[57,135540,101],{"class":93},[57,135542,104],{"class":71},[57,135544,72],{"class":71},[57,135546,112],{"class":93},[20,135548,135549,135551],{},[15,135550,1364],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135553,1783],{},[48,135555,135557],{"className":50,"code":135556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135558,135559,135591,135611,135615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135560,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135562,4304],{"class":63},[57,135564,68],{"class":67},[57,135566,1380],{"class":93},[57,135568,104],{"class":71},[57,135570,528],{"class":75},[57,135572,104],{"class":71},[57,135574,107],{"class":93},[57,135576,72],{"class":71},[57,135578,537],{"class":75},[57,135580,104],{"class":71},[57,135582,107],{"class":93},[57,135584,72],{"class":71},[57,135586,476],{"class":75},[57,135588,104],{"class":71},[57,135590,288],{"class":93},[57,135592,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135594,2463],{"class":63},[57,135596,68],{"class":67},[57,135598,72],{"class":71},[57,135600,72],{"class":71},[57,135602,94],{"class":93},[57,135604,1422],{"class":97},[57,135606,101],{"class":93},[57,135608,4345],{"class":97},[57,135610,112],{"class":93},[57,135612,135613],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135614,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135616,135617,135619,135621,135623],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135618,119],{"class":118},[57,135620,101],{"class":93},[57,135622,2498],{"class":97},[57,135624,112],{"class":93},[572,135626,135628],{"id":135627},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[48,135630,135632],{"className":50,"code":135631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135633,135634,135666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135635,135636,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135637,4304],{"class":63},[57,135639,68],{"class":67},[57,135641,1380],{"class":93},[57,135643,104],{"class":71},[57,135645,399],{"class":75},[57,135647,104],{"class":71},[57,135649,107],{"class":93},[57,135651,72],{"class":71},[57,135653,408],{"class":75},[57,135655,104],{"class":71},[57,135657,107],{"class":93},[57,135659,72],{"class":71},[57,135661,417],{"class":75},[57,135663,104],{"class":71},[57,135665,288],{"class":93},[57,135667,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135669,119],{"class":118},[57,135671,101],{"class":93},[57,135673,6506],{"class":71},[57,135675,94],{"class":93},[57,135677,1422],{"class":97},[57,135679,101],{"class":93},[57,135681,4345],{"class":97},[57,135683,640],{"class":93},[20,135685,243],{},[48,135687,135689],{"className":50,"code":135688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"onetwothree\n",[15,135690,135691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135692,135693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135694,135688],{"class":63},[20,135696,135697,135698,6866],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135699,133787],{},[572,135701,135703,135704,131914],{"id":135702},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135705,1364],{},[48,135707,135709],{"className":50,"code":135708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135710,135711,135743,135761,135765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135712,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135714,4304],{"class":63},[57,135716,68],{"class":67},[57,135718,1380],{"class":93},[57,135720,104],{"class":71},[57,135722,293],{"class":75},[57,135724,104],{"class":71},[57,135726,107],{"class":93},[57,135728,72],{"class":71},[57,135730,664],{"class":75},[57,135732,104],{"class":71},[57,135734,107],{"class":93},[57,135736,72],{"class":71},[57,135738,673],{"class":75},[57,135740,104],{"class":71},[57,135742,288],{"class":93},[57,135744,135745,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135746,104],{"class":43563},[57,135748,1415],{"class":43567},[57,135750,104],{"class":43563},[57,135752,94],{"class":93},[57,135754,1422],{"class":97},[57,135756,101],{"class":93},[57,135758,4345],{"class":97},[57,135760,112],{"class":93},[57,135762,135763],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135764,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135766,135767,135769,135771,135773],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135768,119],{"class":118},[57,135770,101],{"class":93},[57,135772,4345],{"class":97},[57,135774,112],{"class":93},[20,135776,243],{},[48,135778,135779],{"className":50,"code":1841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,135780,135781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135782,135783,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135784,258],{"class":93},[57,135786,261],{"class":71},[57,135788,293],{"class":75},[57,135790,261],{"class":71},[57,135792,107],{"class":93},[57,135794,271],{"class":71},[57,135796,664],{"class":75},[57,135798,261],{"class":71},[57,135800,107],{"class":93},[57,135802,271],{"class":71},[57,135804,673],{"class":75},[57,135806,261],{"class":71},[57,135808,288],{"class":93},[20,135810,135811,135812,135814],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135813,1364],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[43,135816,135818,135820,135821],{"id":135817},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135819,1364],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135822,2296],{},[20,135824,10824,135825,2082,135827,135829],{},[15,135826,1364],{},[15,135828,2296],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[572,135831,136,135833,135835],{"id":135832},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135834,2296],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[48,135837,135839],{"className":50,"code":135838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135840,135841,135854,135867,135887,135891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135842,135843,135846,135848,135850,135852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135844,135845],{"class":63},"first ",[57,135847,68],{"class":67},[57,135849,72],{"class":71},[57,135851,35105],{"class":75},[57,135853,79],{"class":71},[57,135855,135856,135859,135861,135863,135865],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135857,135858],{"class":63},"second ",[57,135860,68],{"class":67},[57,135862,72],{"class":71},[57,135864,89961],{"class":75},[57,135866,79],{"class":71},[57,135868,135869,135871,135873,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135870,2463],{"class":63},[57,135872,68],{"class":67},[57,135874,135875],{"class":63}," first ",[57,135877,2296],{"class":67},[57,135879,72],{"class":71},[57,135881,72],{"class":71},[57,135883,2689],{"class":67},[57,135885,135886],{"class":63}," second\n",[57,135888,135889],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135890,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135892,135893,135895,135897,135899],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,135894,119],{"class":118},[57,135896,101],{"class":93},[57,135898,2498],{"class":97},[57,135900,112],{"class":93},[20,135902,243],{},[48,135904,135906],{"className":50,"code":135905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello World\n",[15,135907,135908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135909,135910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135911,135905],{"class":63},[572,135913,136,135915,135917],{"id":135914},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135916,1364],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[48,135919,135921],{"className":50,"code":135920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135922,135923,135965,135985,135989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135924,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941,135944,135946,135948,135950,135953,135955,135957,135959,135961,135963],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135926,4304],{"class":63},[57,135928,68],{"class":67},[57,135930,1380],{"class":93},[57,135932,104],{"class":71},[57,135934,528],{"class":75},[57,135936,104],{"class":71},[57,135938,107],{"class":93},[57,135940,72],{"class":71},[57,135942,135943],{"class":75},"makes",[57,135945,104],{"class":71},[57,135947,107],{"class":93},[57,135949,72],{"class":71},[57,135951,135952],{"class":75},"this",[57,135954,104],{"class":71},[57,135956,107],{"class":93},[57,135958,72],{"class":71},[57,135960,134139],{"class":75},[57,135962,104],{"class":71},[57,135964,288],{"class":93},[57,135966,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,135968,2463],{"class":63},[57,135970,68],{"class":67},[57,135972,72],{"class":71},[57,135974,72],{"class":71},[57,135976,94],{"class":93},[57,135978,1422],{"class":97},[57,135980,101],{"class":93},[57,135982,4345],{"class":97},[57,135984,112],{"class":93},[57,135986,135987],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,135988,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,135990,135991,135993,135995,135997],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,135992,119],{"class":118},[57,135994,101],{"class":93},[57,135996,2498],{"class":97},[57,135998,112],{"class":93},[20,136000,243],{},[48,136002,136004],{"className":50,"code":136003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136005,136006],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136007,136008],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136009,136003],{"class":63},[20,136011,136012,136014],{},[15,136013,1364],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,136016,136017,136020,136023],{},[33,136018,136019],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,136021,136022],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,136024,136025,136026,136028],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136027,2296],{}," operators",[20,136030,136031,136032,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[293,136033,136035],{"href":136034},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[43,136037,136039],{"id":136038},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136041,345,136042,136044],{},[15,136043,1364],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,136046,136047,136050,136055,136064,136070],{},[33,136048,136049],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,136051,136052,136053],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136054,4012],{},[33,136056,136057,136058,11325,136061],{},"You may have written ",[15,136059,136060],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136062,136063],{},"string.join(...)",[33,136065,136066,136067,136069],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136068,1364],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,136071,136072],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136074,94601],{},[48,136076,136078],{"className":50,"code":136077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136079,136080,136094,136104,136128,136168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136081,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136083,119],{"class":118},[57,136085,101],{"class":93},[57,136087,1257],{"class":1256},[57,136089,101],{"class":93},[57,136091,8045],{"class":97},[57,136093,640],{"class":93},[57,136095,136096,136098,136100,136102],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136097,119],{"class":118},[57,136099,101],{"class":93},[57,136101,8045],{"class":97},[57,136103,112],{"class":93},[57,136105,136106,136108,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120,136122,136124,136126],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136107,119],{"class":118},[57,136109,3221],{"class":93},[57,136111,1257],{"class":1256},[57,136113,101],{"class":93},[57,136115,23547],{"class":97},[57,136117,3896],{"class":93},[57,136119,4111],{"class":4110},[57,136121,6194],{"class":97},[57,136123,4117],{"class":4110},[57,136125,6199],{"class":97},[57,136127,1280],{"class":93},[57,136129,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162,136164,136166],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136131,119],{"class":118},[57,136133,101],{"class":93},[57,136135,261],{"class":71},[57,136137,271],{"class":71},[57,136139,94],{"class":93},[57,136141,1422],{"class":97},[57,136143,3221],{"class":93},[57,136145,261],{"class":71},[57,136147,293],{"class":75},[57,136149,261],{"class":71},[57,136151,107],{"class":93},[57,136153,271],{"class":71},[57,136155,664],{"class":75},[57,136157,261],{"class":71},[57,136159,107],{"class":93},[57,136161,271],{"class":71},[57,136163,673],{"class":75},[57,136165,261],{"class":71},[57,136167,3235],{"class":93},[57,136169,136170,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,136171,119],{"class":118},[57,136173,101],{"class":93},[57,136175,261],{"class":71},[57,136177,754],{"class":75},[57,136179,261],{"class":71},[57,136181,94],{"class":93},[57,136183,1422],{"class":97},[57,136185,101],{"class":93},[57,136187,40100],{"class":118},[57,136189,101],{"class":93},[57,136191,3676],{"class":1256},[57,136193,107],{"class":93},[57,136195,1380],{"class":93},[57,136197,3224],{"class":1023},[57,136199,107],{"class":93},[57,136201,1024],{"class":1023},[57,136203,107],{"class":93},[57,136205,2686],{"class":1023},[57,136207,37505],{"class":93},[20,136209,136210],{},"What these checks do:",[30,136212,136213,136221,136227,136233,136242],{},[33,136214,136215,136218,136219,8331],{},[15,136216,136217],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136220,8045],{},[33,136222,136223,136226],{},[15,136224,136225],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,136228,136229,136232],{},[15,136230,136231],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,136234,136235,136238,136239,136241],{},[15,136236,136237],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136240,1364],{}," behavior",[33,136243,136244,136247],{},[15,136245,136246],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[43,136249,2075],{"id":2074},[572,136251,2099,136253,136255],{"id":136252},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136254,1364],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136257,136258,136259,136261,136262,94],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136260,1364],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136263,136264],{},"map(str, values)",[572,136266,2099,136268,57398],{"id":136267},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136269,1364],{},[20,136271,136272],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[572,136274,28567,136276,62865],{"id":136275},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136277,1364],{},[20,136279,42392,136280,136282],{},[15,136281,1364],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[572,136284,2112,136286,2115],{"id":136285},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136287,136288],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136290,136291],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[572,136293,136295,136296,136298,136299,2085],{"id":136294},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136297,3241],{}," when using ",[15,136300,1364],{},[20,136302,136303],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[43,136305,2132],{"id":2131},[30,136307,136308,136313,136319,136325,136331],{},[33,136309,136310],{},[293,136311,136312],{"href":136034},"How to join strings in Python",[33,136314,136315],{},[293,136316,738,136317,742],{"href":129254},[15,136318,17],{},[33,136320,136321],{},[293,136322,3809,136323,3742],{"href":42415},[15,136324,47920],{},[33,136326,136327],{},[293,136328,30586,136329],{"href":135477},[15,136330,135480],{},[33,136332,136333],{},[293,136334,296],{"href":295},[20,136336,97571,136337,136339],{},[15,136338,1364],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2161,136341,136342],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":136344},[136345,136346,136348,136351,136358,136368,136376,136386,136393,136394,136406],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":133759,"depth":82,"text":136347},"What join() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":136349},[136350],{"id":49245,"depth":115,"text":49246},{"id":122104,"depth":82,"text":122105,"children":136352},[136353,136354,136355,136356],{"id":134104,"depth":115,"text":134105},{"id":134196,"depth":115,"text":134197},{"id":134297,"depth":115,"text":134298},{"id":134406,"depth":115,"text":136357},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134508,"depth":82,"text":134509,"children":136359},[136360,136362,136364,136366],{"id":134515,"depth":115,"text":136361},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134582,"depth":115,"text":136363},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134671,"depth":115,"text":136365},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134757,"depth":115,"text":136367},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134832,"depth":82,"text":134833,"children":136369},[136370,136371,136372,136374],{"id":134841,"depth":115,"text":134842},{"id":134924,"depth":115,"text":134925},{"id":135078,"depth":115,"text":136373},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135250,"depth":115,"text":136375},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135337,"depth":82,"text":136377,"children":136378},"Common errors with join()",[136379,136381,136383,136384],{"id":135346,"depth":115,"text":136380},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135483,"depth":115,"text":136382},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135627,"depth":115,"text":135628},{"id":135702,"depth":115,"text":136385},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135817,"depth":82,"text":136387,"children":136388},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136389,136391],{"id":135832,"depth":115,"text":136390},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135914,"depth":115,"text":136392},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136038,"depth":82,"text":136039},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":136395},[136396,136398,136400,136402,136404],{"id":136252,"depth":115,"text":136397},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136267,"depth":115,"text":136399},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136275,"depth":115,"text":136401},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136285,"depth":115,"text":136403},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136294,"depth":115,"text":136405},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133637,"description":136407},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136414,"title":136415,"body":136416,"description":137983,"extension":2201,"meta":137984,"navigation":217,"path":137985,"seo":137986,"stem":137987,"__hash__":137988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136417,"toc":137950},[136418,136423,136428,136430,136444,136489,136496,136501,136506,136508,136524,136533,136535,136537,136552,136554,136564,136566,136628,136630,136633,136694,136696,136712,136714,136727,136730,136777,136779,136785,136788,136791,136851,136859,136945,136949,136954,136956,136970,136973,137058,137061,137119,137129,137184,137186,137193,137199,137205,137249,137252,137299,137301,137303,137310,137312,137343,137346,137348,137379,137383,137386,137388,137428,137430,137473,137479,137484,137486,137513,137518,137521,137570,137574,137577,137652,137663,137666,137723,137730,137736,137744,137749,137756,137763,137781,137783,137837,137845,137847,137852,137855,137861,137867,137872,137875,137881,137887,137894,137902,137904,137947],[10,136419,13,136421,18],{"id":136420},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136422,124302],{},[20,136424,22,136425,136427],{},[15,136426,124302],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136429,24324],{},[30,136431,136432,136435,136438,136441],{},[33,136433,136434],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,136436,136437],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,136439,136440],{},"clean up user input",[33,136442,136443],{},"make simple text matching easier",[48,136445,136447],{"className":50,"code":136446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136448,136449,136462,136476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136450,136451,136453,136455,136457,136460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136452,64],{"class":63},[57,136454,68],{"class":67},[57,136456,72],{"class":71},[57,136458,136459],{"class":75},"Hello WORLD",[57,136461,79],{"class":71},[57,136463,136464,136466,136468,136470,136472,136474],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136465,2463],{"class":63},[57,136467,68],{"class":67},[57,136469,90],{"class":63},[57,136471,94],{"class":93},[57,136473,8876],{"class":97},[57,136475,212],{"class":93},[57,136477,136478,136480,136482,136484,136486],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136479,119],{"class":118},[57,136481,101],{"class":93},[57,136483,2498],{"class":97},[57,136485,3896],{"class":93},[57,136487,136488],{"class":132},"  # hello world\n",[20,136490,136491,89184,136493,136495],{},[153,136492,84045],{},[15,136494,124302],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[43,136497,143,136499,146],{"id":136498},"what-lower-does",[15,136500,124302],{},[20,136502,136503,136505],{},[15,136504,124302],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136507,13284],{},[30,136509,136510,136515,136518,136521],{},[33,136511,136512,136514],{},[15,136513,124302],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136516,136517],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136519,136520],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136522,136523],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136525,125323,136526,136530,136531,94],{},[293,136527,136529],{"href":136528},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[293,136532,51211],{"href":295},[43,136534,300],{"id":299},[20,136536,2395],{},[48,136538,136540],{"className":50,"code":136539,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.lower()\n",[15,136541,136542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136543,136544,136546,136548,136550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136545,310],{"class":63},[57,136547,94],{"class":93},[57,136549,8876],{"class":97},[57,136551,212],{"class":93},[20,136553,43885],{},[30,136555,136556,136558,136561],{},[33,136557,97749],{},[33,136559,136560],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136562,136563],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136565,179],{},[48,136567,136569],{"className":50,"code":136568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136570,136571,136594,136598,136611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136572,136573,136575,136577,136579,136582,136584,136586,136588,136591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136574,119],{"class":118},[57,136576,101],{"class":93},[57,136578,104],{"class":71},[57,136580,136581],{"class":75},"HELLO",[57,136583,104],{"class":71},[57,136585,94],{"class":93},[57,136587,8876],{"class":97},[57,136589,136590],{"class":93},"())",[57,136592,136593],{"class":132},"  # hello\n",[57,136595,136596],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136597,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136599,136600,136602,136604,136606,136609],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136601,8112],{"class":63},[57,136603,68],{"class":67},[57,136605,72],{"class":71},[57,136607,136608],{"class":75},"PyThOn",[57,136610,79],{"class":71},[57,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136614,119],{"class":118},[57,136616,101],{"class":93},[57,136618,1056],{"class":97},[57,136620,94],{"class":93},[57,136622,8876],{"class":97},[57,136624,136590],{"class":93},[57,136626,136627],{"class":132},"  # python\n",[43,136629,11707],{"id":11706},[20,136631,136632],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[48,136634,136636],{"className":50,"code":136635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136637,136638,136650,136654,136669,136673,136684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136639,136640,136642,136644,136646,136648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136641,64],{"class":63},[57,136643,68],{"class":67},[57,136645,72],{"class":71},[57,136647,136459],{"class":75},[57,136649,79],{"class":71},[57,136651,136652],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136653,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136655,136656,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136657,136658],{"class":63},"lower_text ",[57,136660,68],{"class":67},[57,136662,90],{"class":63},[57,136664,94],{"class":93},[57,136666,8876],{"class":97},[57,136668,212],{"class":93},[57,136670,136671],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136672,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136674,136675,136677,136679,136682],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,136676,119],{"class":118},[57,136678,101],{"class":93},[57,136680,136681],{"class":97},"lower_text",[57,136683,112],{"class":93},[57,136685,136686,136688,136690,136692],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,136687,119],{"class":118},[57,136689,101],{"class":93},[57,136691,227],{"class":97},[57,136693,112],{"class":93},[20,136695,243],{},[48,136697,136699],{"className":50,"code":136698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136700,136701,136705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136702,136703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136704,134573],{"class":63},[57,136706,136707,136709],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136708,131980],{"class":63},[57,136710,136711],{"class":472},"WORLD\n",[20,136713,24844],{},[30,136715,136716,136721],{},[33,136717,136718,136720],{},[15,136719,124302],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136722,136723,136724,136726],{},"the original ",[15,136725,227],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136728,136729],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[48,136731,136733],{"className":50,"code":136732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136734,136735,136747,136761,136765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136736,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136738,64],{"class":63},[57,136740,68],{"class":67},[57,136742,72],{"class":71},[57,136744,136459],{"class":75},[57,136746,79],{"class":71},[57,136748,136749,136751,136753,136755,136757,136759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136750,64],{"class":63},[57,136752,68],{"class":67},[57,136754,90],{"class":63},[57,136756,94],{"class":93},[57,136758,8876],{"class":97},[57,136760,212],{"class":93},[57,136762,136763],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136764,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136766,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136768,119],{"class":118},[57,136770,101],{"class":93},[57,136772,227],{"class":97},[57,136774,3896],{"class":93},[57,136776,136488],{"class":132},[43,136778,17653],{"id":17652},[20,136780,136781,22211,136783,94],{},[15,136782,124302],{},[153,136784,310],{},[20,136786,136787],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136789,136790],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[48,136792,136794],{"className":50,"code":136793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136795,136796,136810,136814,136837],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136797,136798,136801,136803,136805,136808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136799,136800],{"class":63},"answer ",[57,136802,68],{"class":67},[57,136804,72],{"class":71},[57,136806,136807],{"class":75},"YES",[57,136809,79],{"class":71},[57,136811,136812],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136813,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136815,136816,136818,136821,136823,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833,136835],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136817,7233],{"class":4110},[57,136819,136820],{"class":63}," answer",[57,136822,94],{"class":93},[57,136824,8876],{"class":97},[57,136826,7600],{"class":93},[57,136828,6643],{"class":67},[57,136830,72],{"class":71},[57,136832,8893],{"class":75},[57,136834,104],{"class":71},[57,136836,6628],{"class":93},[57,136838,136839,136841,136843,136845,136847,136849],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136840,8304],{"class":118},[57,136842,101],{"class":93},[57,136844,104],{"class":71},[57,136846,97058],{"class":75},[57,136848,104],{"class":71},[57,136850,112],{"class":93},[20,136852,136853,136854,1016],{},"This is especially useful with ",[293,136855,136856,136857,2537],{"href":8454},"the ",[15,136858,3193],{},[48,136860,136862],{"className":50,"code":136861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136863,136864,136883,136887,136909,136924,136930],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874,136876,136879,136881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136867,136800],{"class":63},[57,136869,68],{"class":67},[57,136871,8477],{"class":118},[57,136873,101],{"class":93},[57,136875,104],{"class":71},[57,136877,136878],{"class":75},"Type yes or no: ",[57,136880,104],{"class":71},[57,136882,112],{"class":93},[57,136884,136885],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136886,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901,136903,136905,136907],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,136890,7233],{"class":4110},[57,136892,136820],{"class":63},[57,136894,94],{"class":93},[57,136896,8876],{"class":97},[57,136898,7600],{"class":93},[57,136900,6643],{"class":67},[57,136902,72],{"class":71},[57,136904,8893],{"class":75},[57,136906,104],{"class":71},[57,136908,6628],{"class":93},[57,136910,136911,136913,136915,136917,136920,136922],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,136912,8304],{"class":118},[57,136914,101],{"class":93},[57,136916,104],{"class":71},[57,136918,136919],{"class":75},"You typed yes",[57,136921,104],{"class":71},[57,136923,112],{"class":93},[57,136925,136926,136928],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,136927,27672],{"class":4110},[57,136929,6628],{"class":93},[57,136931,136932,136934,136936,136938,136941,136943],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,136933,8304],{"class":118},[57,136935,101],{"class":93},[57,136937,104],{"class":71},[57,136939,136940],{"class":75},"You typed something else",[57,136942,104],{"class":71},[57,136944,112],{"class":93},[43,136946,136948],{"id":136947},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136950,136951,136953],{},[15,136952,124302],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136955,7577],{},[30,136957,136958,136961,136964,136967],{},[33,136959,136960],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136962,136963],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136965,136966],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136968,136969],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136971,136972],{},"Example: checking user input",[48,136974,136976],{"className":50,"code":136975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136977,136978,136996,137000,137022,137037,137043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990,136992,136994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136981,45194],{"class":63},[57,136983,68],{"class":67},[57,136985,8477],{"class":118},[57,136987,101],{"class":93},[57,136989,104],{"class":71},[57,136991,45205],{"class":75},[57,136993,104],{"class":71},[57,136995,112],{"class":93},[57,136997,136998],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,136999,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137001,137002,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137003,7233],{"class":4110},[57,137005,36090],{"class":63},[57,137007,94],{"class":93},[57,137009,8876],{"class":97},[57,137011,7600],{"class":93},[57,137013,6643],{"class":67},[57,137015,72],{"class":71},[57,137017,274],{"class":75},[57,137019,104],{"class":71},[57,137021,6628],{"class":93},[57,137023,137024,137026,137028,137030,137033,137035],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137025,8304],{"class":118},[57,137027,101],{"class":93},[57,137029,104],{"class":71},[57,137031,137032],{"class":75},"Nice choice!",[57,137034,104],{"class":71},[57,137036,112],{"class":93},[57,137038,137039,137041],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,137040,27672],{"class":4110},[57,137042,6628],{"class":93},[57,137044,137045,137047,137049,137051,137054,137056],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,137046,8304],{"class":118},[57,137048,101],{"class":93},[57,137050,104],{"class":71},[57,137052,137053],{"class":75},"Got it.",[57,137055,104],{"class":71},[57,137057,112],{"class":93},[20,137059,137060],{},"Example: simple search",[48,137062,137064],{"className":50,"code":137063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137065,137066,137079,137083,137104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137067,137068,137070,137072,137074,137077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137069,90228],{"class":63},[57,137071,68],{"class":67},[57,137073,72],{"class":71},[57,137075,137076],{"class":75},"Python Is Fun",[57,137078,79],{"class":71},[57,137080,137081],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137082,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137084,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093,137095,137098,137100,137102],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137086,7233],{"class":4110},[57,137088,72],{"class":71},[57,137090,52],{"class":75},[57,137092,104],{"class":71},[57,137094,21409],{"class":67},[57,137096,137097],{"class":63}," message",[57,137099,94],{"class":93},[57,137101,8876],{"class":97},[57,137103,21831],{"class":93},[57,137105,137106,137108,137110,137112,137115,137117],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137107,8304],{"class":118},[57,137109,101],{"class":93},[57,137111,104],{"class":71},[57,137113,137114],{"class":75},"Found it",[57,137116,104],{"class":71},[57,137118,112],{"class":93},[20,137120,137121,137122,137124,137125,1016],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137123,124302],{}," is often used with ",[293,137126,137127],{"href":737},[15,137128,741],{},[48,137130,137132],{"className":50,"code":137131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137133,137134,137147,137166,137170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137135,137136,137138,137140,137142,137145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137137,8112],{"class":63},[57,137139,68],{"class":67},[57,137141,72],{"class":71},[57,137143,137144],{"class":75},"  ALICE  ",[57,137146,79],{"class":71},[57,137148,137149,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160,137162,137164],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137150,137151],{"class":63},"clean_name ",[57,137153,68],{"class":67},[57,137155,36231],{"class":63},[57,137157,94],{"class":93},[57,137159,8870],{"class":97},[57,137161,8873],{"class":93},[57,137163,8876],{"class":97},[57,137165,212],{"class":93},[57,137167,137168],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137169,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137171,137172,137174,137176,137179,137181],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137173,119],{"class":118},[57,137175,101],{"class":93},[57,137177,137178],{"class":97},"clean_name",[57,137180,3896],{"class":93},[57,137182,137183],{"class":132},"  # alice\n",[43,137185,15829],{"id":15828},[20,137187,137188,137189,137192],{},"Strings are ",[153,137190,137191],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137194,137195,137196,137198],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137197,124302],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137200,137201,137202,137204],{},"So this does ",[153,137203,175],{}," update the original variable:",[48,137206,137208],{"className":50,"code":137207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137209,137210,137222,137232,137236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137211,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137213,64],{"class":63},[57,137215,68],{"class":67},[57,137217,72],{"class":71},[57,137219,136581],{"class":75},[57,137221,79],{"class":71},[57,137223,137224,137226,137228,137230],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137225,227],{"class":63},[57,137227,94],{"class":93},[57,137229,8876],{"class":97},[57,137231,212],{"class":93},[57,137233,137234],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137235,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137237,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137239,119],{"class":118},[57,137241,101],{"class":93},[57,137243,227],{"class":97},[57,137245,3896],{"class":93},[57,137247,137248],{"class":132},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137250,137251],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[48,137253,137255],{"className":50,"code":137254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137256,137257,137269,137283,137287],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137258,137259,137261,137263,137265,137267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137260,64],{"class":63},[57,137262,68],{"class":67},[57,137264,72],{"class":71},[57,137266,136581],{"class":75},[57,137268,79],{"class":71},[57,137270,137271,137273,137275,137277,137279,137281],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137272,64],{"class":63},[57,137274,68],{"class":67},[57,137276,90],{"class":63},[57,137278,94],{"class":93},[57,137280,8876],{"class":97},[57,137282,212],{"class":93},[57,137284,137285],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137286,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137290,119],{"class":118},[57,137292,101],{"class":93},[57,137294,227],{"class":97},[57,137296,3896],{"class":93},[57,137298,136593],{"class":132},[43,137300,1673],{"id":1672},[572,137302,25925],{"id":25924},[20,137304,137305,137306,11325,137308,94],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137307,8876],{},[15,137309,124302],{},[20,137311,16877],{},[48,137313,137315],{"className":50,"code":137314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137316,137317,137329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137318,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137320,64],{"class":63},[57,137322,68],{"class":67},[57,137324,72],{"class":71},[57,137326,136581],{"class":75},[57,137328,79],{"class":71},[57,137330,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137332,119],{"class":118},[57,137334,101],{"class":93},[57,137336,227],{"class":97},[57,137338,94],{"class":93},[57,137340,8876],{"class":24987},[57,137342,112],{"class":93},[20,137344,137345],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137347,16889],{},[48,137349,137351],{"className":50,"code":137350,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137352,137353,137365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137354,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137356,64],{"class":63},[57,137358,68],{"class":67},[57,137360,72],{"class":71},[57,137362,136581],{"class":75},[57,137364,79],{"class":71},[57,137366,137367,137369,137371,137373,137375,137377],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137368,119],{"class":118},[57,137370,101],{"class":93},[57,137372,227],{"class":97},[57,137374,94],{"class":93},[57,137376,8876],{"class":97},[57,137378,383],{"class":93},[572,137380,137382],{"id":137381},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137384,137385],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137387,16877],{},[48,137389,137391],{"className":50,"code":137390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137392,137393,137405,137415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137394,137395,137397,137399,137401,137403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137396,64],{"class":63},[57,137398,68],{"class":67},[57,137400,72],{"class":71},[57,137402,136581],{"class":75},[57,137404,79],{"class":71},[57,137406,137407,137409,137411,137413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137408,227],{"class":63},[57,137410,94],{"class":93},[57,137412,8876],{"class":97},[57,137414,212],{"class":93},[57,137416,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137418,119],{"class":118},[57,137420,101],{"class":93},[57,137422,227],{"class":97},[57,137424,3896],{"class":93},[57,137426,137427],{"class":132},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137429,16889],{},[48,137431,137433],{"className":50,"code":137432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137434,137435,137447,137461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137436,137437,137439,137441,137443,137445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137438,64],{"class":63},[57,137440,68],{"class":67},[57,137442,72],{"class":71},[57,137444,136581],{"class":75},[57,137446,79],{"class":71},[57,137448,137449,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137450,64],{"class":63},[57,137452,68],{"class":67},[57,137454,90],{"class":63},[57,137456,94],{"class":93},[57,137458,8876],{"class":97},[57,137460,212],{"class":93},[57,137462,137463,137465,137467,137469,137471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137464,119],{"class":118},[57,137466,101],{"class":93},[57,137468,227],{"class":97},[57,137470,3896],{"class":93},[57,137472,136593],{"class":132},[572,137474,425,137476,137478],{"id":137475},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137477,124302],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137480,137481,137483],{},[15,137482,124302],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137485,16877],{},[48,137487,137489],{"className":50,"code":137488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137490,137491,137499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137492,137493,137495,137497],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137494,2450],{"class":63},[57,137496,68],{"class":67},[57,137498,125253],{"class":1023},[57,137500,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509,137511],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137502,119],{"class":118},[57,137504,101],{"class":93},[57,137506,2473],{"class":97},[57,137508,94],{"class":93},[57,137510,8876],{"class":97},[57,137512,383],{"class":93},[20,137514,137515,137516,33841],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137517,124302],{},[20,137519,137520],{},"You can check the type first:",[48,137522,137524],{"className":50,"code":137523,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137525,137526,137538,137542,137556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137527,137528,137530,137532,137534,137536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137529,64],{"class":63},[57,137531,68],{"class":67},[57,137533,72],{"class":71},[57,137535,136581],{"class":75},[57,137537,79],{"class":71},[57,137539,137540],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137541,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137543,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137545,119],{"class":118},[57,137547,101],{"class":93},[57,137549,1257],{"class":1256},[57,137551,101],{"class":93},[57,137553,227],{"class":97},[57,137555,640],{"class":93},[57,137557,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566,137568],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137559,119],{"class":118},[57,137561,101],{"class":93},[57,137563,227],{"class":97},[57,137565,94],{"class":93},[57,137567,8876],{"class":97},[57,137569,383],{"class":93},[572,137571,137573],{"id":137572},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137575,137576],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[48,137578,137580],{"className":50,"code":137579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137581,137582,137595,137599,137616,137631,137637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137583,137584,137586,137588,137590,137593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137585,136800],{"class":63},[57,137587,68],{"class":67},[57,137589,72],{"class":71},[57,137591,137592],{"class":75},"Yes",[57,137594,79],{"class":71},[57,137596,137597],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137598,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137600,137601,137603,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137602,7233],{"class":4110},[57,137604,137605],{"class":63}," answer ",[57,137607,4921],{"class":67},[57,137609,72],{"class":71},[57,137611,8893],{"class":75},[57,137613,104],{"class":71},[57,137615,6628],{"class":93},[57,137617,137618,137620,137622,137624,137627,137629],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137619,8304],{"class":118},[57,137621,101],{"class":93},[57,137623,104],{"class":71},[57,137625,137626],{"class":75},"Match",[57,137628,104],{"class":71},[57,137630,112],{"class":93},[57,137632,137633,137635],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,137634,27672],{"class":4110},[57,137636,6628],{"class":93},[57,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137648,137650],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,137640,8304],{"class":118},[57,137642,101],{"class":93},[57,137644,104],{"class":71},[57,137646,137647],{"class":75},"No match",[57,137649,104],{"class":71},[57,137651,112],{"class":93},[20,137653,2125,137654,2082,137657,137660,137661,94],{},[15,137655,137656],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137658,137659],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137662,137647],{},[20,137664,137665],{},"Better:",[48,137667,137669],{"className":50,"code":137668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137670,137671,137683,137687,137709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137672,137673,137675,137677,137679,137681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137674,136800],{"class":63},[57,137676,68],{"class":67},[57,137678,72],{"class":71},[57,137680,137592],{"class":75},[57,137682,79],{"class":71},[57,137684,137685],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137686,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137688,137689,137691,137693,137695,137697,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137690,7233],{"class":4110},[57,137692,136820],{"class":63},[57,137694,94],{"class":93},[57,137696,8876],{"class":97},[57,137698,7600],{"class":93},[57,137700,6643],{"class":67},[57,137702,72],{"class":71},[57,137704,8893],{"class":75},[57,137706,104],{"class":71},[57,137708,6628],{"class":93},[57,137710,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137712,8304],{"class":118},[57,137714,101],{"class":93},[57,137716,104],{"class":71},[57,137718,137626],{"class":75},[57,137720,104],{"class":71},[57,137722,112],{"class":93},[572,137724,44448,137726,137729],{"id":137725},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137727,137728],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137731,137732,137733,137735],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137734,124302],{}," is enough.",[20,137737,137738,137739,137741,137742,94],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137740,137728],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137743,124302],{},[20,137745,137746,137747,122816],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137748,124302],{},[43,137750,137752,577,137754],{"id":137751},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137753,124302],{},[15,137755,128447],{},[20,137757,137758,2082,137760,137762],{},[15,137759,124302],{},[15,137761,128447],{}," are very similar.",[30,137764,137765,137770,137775,137778],{},[33,137766,137767,137769],{},[15,137768,124302],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137771,137772,137774],{},[15,137773,128447],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137776,137777],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137779,137780],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137782,179],{},[48,137784,137786],{"className":50,"code":137785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137787,137788,137800,137804,137820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137789,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137791,64],{"class":63},[57,137793,68],{"class":67},[57,137795,72],{"class":71},[57,137797,129286],{"class":75},[57,137799,79],{"class":71},[57,137801,137802],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,137803,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,137805,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,137807,119],{"class":118},[57,137809,101],{"class":93},[57,137811,227],{"class":97},[57,137813,94],{"class":93},[57,137815,8876],{"class":97},[57,137817,136590],{"class":93},[57,137819,136488],{"class":132},[57,137821,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,137823,119],{"class":118},[57,137825,101],{"class":93},[57,137827,227],{"class":97},[57,137829,94],{"class":93},[57,137831,34717],{"class":97},[57,137833,136590],{"class":93},[57,137835,137836],{"class":132},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137838,137839,137840,94],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[293,137841,738,137843,742],{"href":137842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137844,128447],{},[43,137846,2075],{"id":2074},[572,137848,2099,137850,2102],{"id":137849},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137851,124302],{},[20,137853,137854],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[572,137856,2099,137858,137860],{"id":137857},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137859,124302],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137862,137863,137864,94],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137865,137866],{},"string.lower()",[572,137868,2112,137870,12947],{"id":137869},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137871,124302],{},[20,137873,137874],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[572,137876,28567,137878,137880],{"id":137877},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137879,124302],{}," on user input?",[20,137882,137883,137884,137886],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137885,3193],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[572,137888,2079,137890,2082,137892,2085],{"id":137889},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137891,124302],{},[15,137893,137728],{},[20,137895,137896,137898,137899,137901],{},[15,137897,124302],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137900,137728],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[43,137903,2132],{"id":2131},[30,137905,137906,137910,137916,137922,137928,137932,137936,137942],{},[33,137907,137908],{},[293,137909,51211],{"href":295},[33,137911,137912],{},[293,137913,738,137914,742],{"href":137842},[15,137915,128447],{},[33,137917,137918],{},[293,137919,738,137920,742],{"href":737},[15,137921,741],{},[33,137923,137924],{},[293,137925,738,137926,742],{"href":130148},[15,137927,124743],{},[33,137929,137930],{},[293,137931,124970],{"href":123827},[33,137933,137934],{},[293,137935,90904],{"href":89913},[33,137937,137938],{},[293,137939,3809,137940,3742],{"href":8454},[15,137941,3193],{},[33,137943,137944],{},[293,137945,137946],{"href":136528},"What is a string in Python?",[2161,137948,137949],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":137951},[137952,137954,137955,137956,137957,137958,137959,137968,137970,137982],{"id":136498,"depth":82,"text":137953},"What lower() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":136947,"depth":82,"text":136948},{"id":15828,"depth":82,"text":15829},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":137960},[137961,137962,137963,137965,137966],{"id":25924,"depth":115,"text":25925},{"id":137381,"depth":115,"text":137382},{"id":137475,"depth":115,"text":137964},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137572,"depth":115,"text":137573},{"id":137725,"depth":115,"text":137967},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137751,"depth":82,"text":137969},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":137971},[137972,137974,137976,137978,137980],{"id":137849,"depth":115,"text":137973},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137857,"depth":115,"text":137975},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137869,"depth":115,"text":137977},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137877,"depth":115,"text":137979},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137889,"depth":115,"text":137981},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136415,"description":137983},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137990,"title":137991,"body":137992,"description":139542,"extension":2201,"meta":139543,"navigation":217,"path":139544,"seo":139545,"stem":139546,"__hash__":139547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137993,"toc":139503},[137994,137999,138004,138010,138025,138027,138087,138089,138098,138104,138109,138114,138116,138130,138134,138136,138183,138185,138203,138205,138208,138279,138281,138295,138298,138310,138319,138323,138328,138333,138337,138403,138405,138414,138418,138483,138485,138494,138497,138502,138506,138511,138515,138576,138578,138587,138591,138594,138650,138652,138661,138664,138677,138679,138683,138690,138752,138754,138767,138773,138776,138783,138788,138793,138796,138804,138806,138867,138869,138878,138881,138928,138931,138978,138980,138985,139002,139009,139014,139067,139069,139077,139079,139136,139138,139146,139150,139197,139199,139207,139215,139219,139267,139269,139278,139283,139334,139336,139345,139352,139355,139376,139378,139383,139386,139390,139393,139397,139400,139427,139433,139436,139463,139468,139470,139472,139500],[10,137995,13,137997,18],{"id":137996},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137998,124743],{},[20,138000,22,138001,138003],{},[15,138002,124743],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138005,138006,138007,138009],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138008,124743],{},". You will learn:",[30,138011,138012,138016,138019,138022],{},[33,138013,26257,138014,146],{},[15,138015,124743],{},[33,138017,138018],{},"how its syntax works",[33,138020,138021],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,138023,138024],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[43,138026,46],{"id":45},[48,138028,138030],{"className":50,"code":138029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138031,138032,138045,138077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138033,138034,138036,138038,138040,138043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138035,64],{"class":63},[57,138037,68],{"class":67},[57,138039,72],{"class":71},[57,138041,138042],{"class":75},"I like cats",[57,138044,79],{"class":71},[57,138046,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138064,138066,138068,138070,138073,138075],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138048,130404],{"class":63},[57,138050,68],{"class":67},[57,138052,90],{"class":63},[57,138054,94],{"class":93},[57,138056,35237],{"class":97},[57,138058,101],{"class":93},[57,138060,104],{"class":71},[57,138062,138063],{"class":75},"cats",[57,138065,104],{"class":71},[57,138067,107],{"class":93},[57,138069,72],{"class":71},[57,138071,138072],{"class":75},"dogs",[57,138074,104],{"class":71},[57,138076,112],{"class":93},[57,138078,138079,138081,138083,138085],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138080,119],{"class":118},[57,138082,101],{"class":93},[57,138084,130435],{"class":97},[57,138086,112],{"class":93},[20,138088,243],{},[48,138090,138092],{"className":50,"code":138091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like dogs\n",[15,138093,138094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138095,138096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138097,138091],{"class":63},[20,138099,136,138100,138103],{},[15,138101,138102],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[43,138105,143,138107,146],{"id":138106},"what-replace-does",[15,138108,124743],{},[20,138110,138111,138113],{},[15,138112,124743],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138115,13284],{},[30,138117,138118,138120,138122,138125],{},[33,138119,133807],{},[33,138121,136523],{},[33,138123,138124],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,138126,138127,138128],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138129,41500],{},[20,138131,125323,138132,94],{},[293,138133,296],{"href":295},[43,138135,5664],{"id":5663},[48,138137,138139],{"className":50,"code":138138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138140,138141,138161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138142,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138154,138156,138159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138144,310],{"class":63},[57,138146,94],{"class":93},[57,138148,35237],{"class":97},[57,138150,101],{"class":93},[57,138152,138153],{"class":97},"old",[57,138155,107],{"class":93},[57,138157,138158],{"class":97}," new",[57,138160,112],{"class":93},[57,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138164,310],{"class":63},[57,138166,94],{"class":93},[57,138168,35237],{"class":97},[57,138170,101],{"class":93},[57,138172,138153],{"class":97},[57,138174,107],{"class":93},[57,138176,138158],{"class":97},[57,138178,107],{"class":93},[57,138180,49838],{"class":97},[57,138182,112],{"class":93},[572,138184,17629],{"id":17628},[30,138186,138187,138192,138198],{},[33,138188,138189,138191],{},[15,138190,138153],{}," = the text to find",[33,138193,138194,138197],{},[15,138195,138196],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,138199,138200,138202],{},[15,138201,41500],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[43,138204,6020],{"id":6019},[20,138206,138207],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[48,138209,138211],{"className":50,"code":138210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138212,138213,138225,138255,138259,138269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138216,64],{"class":63},[57,138218,68],{"class":67},[57,138220,72],{"class":71},[57,138222,138042],{"class":75},[57,138224,79],{"class":71},[57,138226,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138228,130404],{"class":63},[57,138230,68],{"class":67},[57,138232,90],{"class":63},[57,138234,94],{"class":93},[57,138236,35237],{"class":97},[57,138238,101],{"class":93},[57,138240,104],{"class":71},[57,138242,138063],{"class":75},[57,138244,104],{"class":71},[57,138246,107],{"class":93},[57,138248,72],{"class":71},[57,138250,138072],{"class":75},[57,138252,104],{"class":71},[57,138254,112],{"class":93},[57,138256,138257],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138258,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138260,138261,138263,138265,138267],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138262,119],{"class":118},[57,138264,101],{"class":93},[57,138266,227],{"class":97},[57,138268,112],{"class":93},[57,138270,138271,138273,138275,138277],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,138272,119],{"class":118},[57,138274,101],{"class":93},[57,138276,130435],{"class":97},[57,138278,112],{"class":93},[20,138280,243],{},[48,138282,138284],{"className":50,"code":138283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138285,138286,138291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138287,138288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138289,138290],{"class":63},"I like cats\n",[57,138292,138293],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138294,138091],{"class":63},[20,138296,138297],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,138299,138300,138305],{},[33,138301,138302,138304],{},[15,138303,227],{}," did not change",[33,138306,138307,138309],{},[15,138308,130435],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138311,138312,138313,138315,138316,138318],{},"This happens because strings are ",[153,138314,137191],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138317,124743],{}," return a new string instead.",[43,138320,138322],{"id":138321},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138324,89922,138325,138327],{},[15,138326,124743],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138329,138330,138331,36862],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138332,41500],{},[572,138334,138336],{"id":138335},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[48,138338,138340],{"className":50,"code":138339,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138341,138342,138355,138389,138393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138343,138344,138346,138348,138350,138353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138345,64],{"class":63},[57,138347,68],{"class":67},[57,138349,72],{"class":71},[57,138351,138352],{"class":75},"cat cat cat",[57,138354,79],{"class":71},[57,138356,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138358,2463],{"class":63},[57,138360,68],{"class":67},[57,138362,90],{"class":63},[57,138364,94],{"class":93},[57,138366,35237],{"class":97},[57,138368,101],{"class":93},[57,138370,104],{"class":71},[57,138372,1296],{"class":75},[57,138374,104],{"class":71},[57,138376,107],{"class":93},[57,138378,72],{"class":71},[57,138380,1305],{"class":75},[57,138382,104],{"class":71},[57,138384,107],{"class":93},[57,138386,1143],{"class":1023},[57,138388,112],{"class":93},[57,138390,138391],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138392,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138394,138395,138397,138399,138401],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138396,119],{"class":118},[57,138398,101],{"class":93},[57,138400,2498],{"class":97},[57,138402,112],{"class":93},[20,138404,243],{},[48,138406,138408],{"className":50,"code":138407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138409,138410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138411,138412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138413,138407],{"class":63},[572,138415,138417],{"id":138416},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[48,138419,138421],{"className":50,"code":138420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138422,138423,138435,138469,138473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138424,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138426,64],{"class":63},[57,138428,68],{"class":67},[57,138430,72],{"class":71},[57,138432,138352],{"class":75},[57,138434,79],{"class":71},[57,138436,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138438,2463],{"class":63},[57,138440,68],{"class":67},[57,138442,90],{"class":63},[57,138444,94],{"class":93},[57,138446,35237],{"class":97},[57,138448,101],{"class":93},[57,138450,104],{"class":71},[57,138452,1296],{"class":75},[57,138454,104],{"class":71},[57,138456,107],{"class":93},[57,138458,72],{"class":71},[57,138460,1305],{"class":75},[57,138462,104],{"class":71},[57,138464,107],{"class":93},[57,138466,1024],{"class":1023},[57,138468,112],{"class":93},[57,138470,138471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138472,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138474,138475,138477,138479,138481],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138476,119],{"class":118},[57,138478,101],{"class":93},[57,138480,2498],{"class":97},[57,138482,112],{"class":93},[20,138484,243],{},[48,138486,138488],{"className":50,"code":138487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138489,138490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138491,138492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138493,138487],{"class":63},[20,138495,138496],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138498,138499,138500,94],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[293,138501,128293],{"href":124740},[43,138503,138505],{"id":138504},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138507,138508,138510],{},[15,138509,124743],{}," can also change single characters.",[572,138512,138514],{"id":138513},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[48,138516,138518],{"className":50,"code":138517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138519,138520,138532,138562,138566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138521,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138523,64],{"class":63},[57,138525,68],{"class":67},[57,138527,72],{"class":71},[57,138529,845],{"class":75},[57,138531,79],{"class":71},[57,138533,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138535,2463],{"class":63},[57,138537,68],{"class":67},[57,138539,90],{"class":63},[57,138541,94],{"class":93},[57,138543,35237],{"class":97},[57,138545,101],{"class":93},[57,138547,104],{"class":71},[57,138549,293],{"class":75},[57,138551,104],{"class":71},[57,138553,107],{"class":93},[57,138555,72],{"class":71},[57,138557,60707],{"class":75},[57,138559,104],{"class":71},[57,138561,112],{"class":93},[57,138563,138564],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138565,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138569,119],{"class":118},[57,138571,101],{"class":93},[57,138573,2498],{"class":97},[57,138575,112],{"class":93},[20,138577,243],{},[48,138579,138581],{"className":50,"code":138580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bonono\n",[15,138582,138583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138584,138585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138586,138580],{"class":63},[572,138588,138590],{"id":138589},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138592,138593],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[48,138595,138597],{"className":50,"code":138596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138598,138599,138612,138636,138640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138600,138601,138603,138605,138607,138610],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138602,64],{"class":63},[57,138604,68],{"class":67},[57,138606,72],{"class":71},[57,138608,138609],{"class":75},"a b c",[57,138611,79],{"class":71},[57,138613,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138615,2463],{"class":63},[57,138617,68],{"class":67},[57,138619,90],{"class":63},[57,138621,94],{"class":93},[57,138623,35237],{"class":97},[57,138625,101],{"class":93},[57,138627,104],{"class":71},[57,138629,72],{"class":71},[57,138631,107],{"class":93},[57,138633,6360],{"class":71},[57,138635,112],{"class":93},[57,138637,138638],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138639,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138643,119],{"class":118},[57,138645,101],{"class":93},[57,138647,2498],{"class":97},[57,138649,112],{"class":93},[20,138651,243],{},[48,138653,138655],{"className":50,"code":138654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abc\n",[15,138656,138657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138658,138659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138660,138654],{"class":63},[20,138662,138663],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138665,138666,138667,138671,138672,138676],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[293,138668,738,138669,742],{"href":129254},[15,138670,17],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[293,138673,738,138674,742],{"href":737},[15,138675,741],{}," is often a better choice.",[43,138678,124219],{"id":124218},[20,138680,138681,124030],{},[15,138682,124743],{},[20,138684,127614,138685,2082,138687,127621],{},[15,138686,113260],{},[15,138688,138689],{},"\"Cat\"",[48,138691,138693],{"className":50,"code":138692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138694,138695,138708,138738,138742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138696,138697,138699,138701,138703,138706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138698,64],{"class":63},[57,138700,68],{"class":67},[57,138702,72],{"class":71},[57,138704,138705],{"class":75},"Cat cat CAT",[57,138707,79],{"class":71},[57,138709,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138711,2463],{"class":63},[57,138713,68],{"class":67},[57,138715,90],{"class":63},[57,138717,94],{"class":93},[57,138719,35237],{"class":97},[57,138721,101],{"class":93},[57,138723,104],{"class":71},[57,138725,1296],{"class":75},[57,138727,104],{"class":71},[57,138729,107],{"class":93},[57,138731,72],{"class":71},[57,138733,1305],{"class":75},[57,138735,104],{"class":71},[57,138737,112],{"class":93},[57,138739,138740],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138741,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138743,138744,138746,138748,138750],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138745,119],{"class":118},[57,138747,101],{"class":93},[57,138749,2498],{"class":97},[57,138751,112],{"class":93},[20,138753,243],{},[48,138755,138757],{"className":50,"code":138756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138758,138759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138760,138761,138764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138762,138763],{"class":63},"Cat dog ",[57,138765,138766],{"class":472},"CAT\n",[20,138768,138769,138770,138772],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138771,113260],{}," was replaced.",[20,138774,138775],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138777,138778,138779,94],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[293,138780,738,138781,742],{"href":124299},[15,138782,124302],{},[43,138784,143,138786,1179],{"id":138785},"what-replace-returns",[15,138787,124743],{},[20,138789,138790,138792],{},[15,138791,124743],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138794,138795],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138797,138798,138801],{},[33,138799,138800],{},"no error happens",[33,138802,138803],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138805,179],{},[48,138807,138809],{"className":50,"code":138808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138810,138811,138823,138853,138857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138812,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138814,64],{"class":63},[57,138816,68],{"class":67},[57,138818,72],{"class":71},[57,138820,1590],{"class":75},[57,138822,79],{"class":71},[57,138824,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138826,2463],{"class":63},[57,138828,68],{"class":67},[57,138830,90],{"class":63},[57,138832,94],{"class":93},[57,138834,35237],{"class":97},[57,138836,101],{"class":93},[57,138838,104],{"class":71},[57,138840,2409],{"class":75},[57,138842,104],{"class":71},[57,138844,107],{"class":93},[57,138846,72],{"class":71},[57,138848,11977],{"class":75},[57,138850,104],{"class":71},[57,138852,112],{"class":93},[57,138854,138855],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,138856,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,138858,138859,138861,138863,138865],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,138860,119],{"class":118},[57,138862,101],{"class":93},[57,138864,2498],{"class":97},[57,138866,112],{"class":93},[20,138868,243],{},[48,138870,138872],{"className":50,"code":138871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello\n",[15,138873,138874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138875,138876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138877,138871],{"class":63},[20,138879,138880],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[48,138882,138884],{"className":50,"code":138883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138885,138886,138898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138887,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138889,64],{"class":63},[57,138891,68],{"class":67},[57,138893,72],{"class":71},[57,138895,60640],{"class":75},[57,138897,79],{"class":71},[57,138899,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138901,130404],{"class":63},[57,138903,68],{"class":67},[57,138905,90],{"class":63},[57,138907,94],{"class":93},[57,138909,35237],{"class":97},[57,138911,101],{"class":93},[57,138913,104],{"class":71},[57,138915,60824],{"class":75},[57,138917,104],{"class":71},[57,138919,107],{"class":93},[57,138921,72],{"class":71},[57,138923,528],{"class":75},[57,138925,104],{"class":71},[57,138927,112],{"class":93},[20,138929,138930],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[48,138932,138934],{"className":50,"code":138933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138935,138936,138948],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138937,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138939,64],{"class":63},[57,138941,68],{"class":67},[57,138943,72],{"class":71},[57,138945,60640],{"class":75},[57,138947,79],{"class":71},[57,138949,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,138951,64],{"class":63},[57,138953,68],{"class":67},[57,138955,90],{"class":63},[57,138957,94],{"class":93},[57,138959,35237],{"class":97},[57,138961,101],{"class":93},[57,138963,104],{"class":71},[57,138965,60824],{"class":75},[57,138967,104],{"class":71},[57,138969,107],{"class":93},[57,138971,72],{"class":71},[57,138973,528],{"class":75},[57,138975,104],{"class":71},[57,138977,112],{"class":93},[43,138979,4751],{"id":4750},[20,138981,138982,138983,1016],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138984,124743],{},[30,138986,138987,138990,138994,138997],{},[33,138988,138989],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138991,8688,138992,1684],{},[15,138993,124743],{},[33,138995,138996],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138998,37444,138999,139001],{},[15,139000,124743],{}," with regex-based replacements",[572,139003,139005,139006,139008],{"id":139004},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139007,124743],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139010,139011,139012,1016],{},"This does not update ",[15,139013,227],{},[48,139015,139017],{"className":50,"code":139016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139018,139019,139031,139057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139022,64],{"class":63},[57,139024,68],{"class":67},[57,139026,72],{"class":71},[57,139028,138042],{"class":75},[57,139030,79],{"class":71},[57,139032,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139034,227],{"class":63},[57,139036,94],{"class":93},[57,139038,35237],{"class":97},[57,139040,101],{"class":93},[57,139042,104],{"class":71},[57,139044,138063],{"class":75},[57,139046,104],{"class":71},[57,139048,107],{"class":93},[57,139050,72],{"class":71},[57,139052,138072],{"class":75},[57,139054,104],{"class":71},[57,139056,112],{"class":93},[57,139058,139059,139061,139063,139065],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,139060,119],{"class":118},[57,139062,101],{"class":93},[57,139064,227],{"class":97},[57,139066,112],{"class":93},[20,139068,243],{},[48,139070,139071],{"className":50,"code":138290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,139072,139073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139074,139075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139076,138290],{"class":63},[20,139078,1783],{},[48,139080,139082],{"className":50,"code":139081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139083,139084,139096,139126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139087,64],{"class":63},[57,139089,68],{"class":67},[57,139091,72],{"class":71},[57,139093,138042],{"class":75},[57,139095,79],{"class":71},[57,139097,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139099,64],{"class":63},[57,139101,68],{"class":67},[57,139103,90],{"class":63},[57,139105,94],{"class":93},[57,139107,35237],{"class":97},[57,139109,101],{"class":93},[57,139111,104],{"class":71},[57,139113,138063],{"class":75},[57,139115,104],{"class":71},[57,139117,107],{"class":93},[57,139119,72],{"class":71},[57,139121,138072],{"class":75},[57,139123,104],{"class":71},[57,139125,112],{"class":93},[57,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,139129,119],{"class":118},[57,139131,101],{"class":93},[57,139133,227],{"class":97},[57,139135,112],{"class":93},[20,139137,243],{},[48,139139,139140],{"className":50,"code":138091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,139141,139142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139143,139144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139145,138091],{"class":63},[572,139147,139149],{"id":139148},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[48,139151,139153],{"className":50,"code":139152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139154,139155,139167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139156,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139158,64],{"class":63},[57,139160,68],{"class":67},[57,139162,72],{"class":71},[57,139164,35105],{"class":75},[57,139166,79],{"class":71},[57,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139170,119],{"class":118},[57,139172,101],{"class":93},[57,139174,227],{"class":97},[57,139176,94],{"class":93},[57,139178,35237],{"class":97},[57,139180,101],{"class":93},[57,139182,104],{"class":71},[57,139184,1590],{"class":75},[57,139186,104],{"class":71},[57,139188,107],{"class":93},[57,139190,72],{"class":71},[57,139192,90157],{"class":75},[57,139194,104],{"class":71},[57,139196,640],{"class":93},[20,139198,243],{},[48,139200,139201],{"className":50,"code":89170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,139202,139203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139204,139205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139206,89170],{"class":63},[20,139208,139209,139210,2082,139212,139214],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139211,64765],{},[15,139213,90639],{}," are not the same.",[572,139216,139218],{"id":139217},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[48,139220,139222],{"className":50,"code":139221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139223,139224,139237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139225,139226,139228,139230,139232,139235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139227,64],{"class":63},[57,139229,68],{"class":67},[57,139231,72],{"class":71},[57,139233,139234],{"class":75},"red red red",[57,139236,79],{"class":71},[57,139238,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139240,119],{"class":118},[57,139242,101],{"class":93},[57,139244,227],{"class":97},[57,139246,94],{"class":93},[57,139248,35237],{"class":97},[57,139250,101],{"class":93},[57,139252,104],{"class":71},[57,139254,264],{"class":75},[57,139256,104],{"class":71},[57,139258,107],{"class":93},[57,139260,72],{"class":71},[57,139262,274],{"class":75},[57,139264,104],{"class":71},[57,139266,640],{"class":93},[20,139268,243],{},[48,139270,139272],{"className":50,"code":139271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139273,139274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139275,139276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139277,139271],{"class":63},[20,139279,139280,139281,1016],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139282,41500],{},[48,139284,139286],{"className":50,"code":139285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139287,139288,139300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139289,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139291,64],{"class":63},[57,139293,68],{"class":67},[57,139295,72],{"class":71},[57,139297,139234],{"class":75},[57,139299,79],{"class":71},[57,139301,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,139303,119],{"class":118},[57,139305,101],{"class":93},[57,139307,227],{"class":97},[57,139309,94],{"class":93},[57,139311,35237],{"class":97},[57,139313,101],{"class":93},[57,139315,104],{"class":71},[57,139317,264],{"class":75},[57,139319,104],{"class":71},[57,139321,107],{"class":93},[57,139323,72],{"class":71},[57,139325,274],{"class":75},[57,139327,104],{"class":71},[57,139329,107],{"class":93},[57,139331,1143],{"class":1023},[57,139333,640],{"class":93},[20,139335,243],{},[48,139337,139339],{"className":50,"code":139338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue red red\n",[15,139340,139341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139342,139343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139344,139338],{"class":63},[572,139346,139348,139349,139351],{"id":139347},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139350,124743],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139353,139354],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,139356,139357,139364,139371],{},[33,139358,136,139359,139363],{},[293,139360,139361],{"href":129254},[15,139362,17],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,139365,136,139366,139370],{},[293,139367,139368],{"href":737},[15,139369,741],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,139372,136,139373,139375],{},[15,139374,124743],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[43,139377,2075],{"id":2074},[572,139379,2099,139381,2102],{"id":139380},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139382,124743],{},[20,139384,139385],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[572,139387,139389],{"id":139388},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139391,139392],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[572,139394,139396],{"id":139395},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139398,139399],{},"Use the third argument:",[48,139401,139403],{"className":50,"code":139402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139404,139405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139406,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139408,227],{"class":63},[57,139410,94],{"class":93},[57,139412,35237],{"class":97},[57,139414,101],{"class":93},[57,139416,138153],{"class":97},[57,139418,107],{"class":93},[57,139420,138158],{"class":97},[57,139422,107],{"class":93},[57,139424,1143],{"class":1023},[57,139426,112],{"class":93},[572,139428,5402,139430,139432],{"id":139429},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139431,124743],{}," remove text?",[20,139434,139435],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[48,139437,139439],{"className":50,"code":139438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139440,139441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139442,139443,139445,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139444,227],{"class":63},[57,139446,94],{"class":93},[57,139448,35237],{"class":97},[57,139450,101],{"class":93},[57,139452,104],{"class":71},[57,139454,2409],{"class":75},[57,139456,104],{"class":71},[57,139458,107],{"class":93},[57,139460,6360],{"class":71},[57,139462,112],{"class":93},[572,139464,15135,139466,124907],{"id":139465},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139467,124743],{},[20,139469,130096],{},[43,139471,2132],{"id":2131},[30,139473,139474,139478,139484,139490,139496],{},[33,139475,139476],{},[293,139477,124977],{"href":124740},[33,139479,139480],{},[293,139481,738,139482,742],{"href":129254},[15,139483,17],{},[33,139485,139486],{},[293,139487,738,139488,742],{"href":737},[15,139489,741],{},[33,139491,139492],{},[293,139493,738,139494,742],{"href":124299},[15,139495,124302],{},[33,139497,139498],{},[293,139499,296],{"href":295},[2161,139501,139502],{},"html 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":139504},[139505,139506,139508,139511,139512,139516,139520,139521,139523,139531,139541],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":138106,"depth":82,"text":139507},"What replace() 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String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141408,"toc":143309},[141409,141414,141419,141426,141499,141504,141509,141514,141530,141532,141602,141604,141606,141626,141628,141673,141678,141680,141778,141783,141787,141792,141796,141799,141841,141845,141848,141893,141897,141900,141950,141954,141959,142011,142013,142018,142029,142034,142114,142116,142128,142137,142144,142159,142161,142276,142282,142286,142289,142294,142436,142439,142446,142448,142452,142460,142529,142535,142584,142589,142594,142596,142616,142618,142684,142686,142690,142693,142697,142738,142740,142773,142778,142781,142808,142810,142853,142860,142865,142875,142941,142945,142953,142958,143009,143013,143016,143018,143027,143029,143079,143081,143188,143190,143195,143202,143208,143211,143242,143247,143249,143256,143264,143273,143276,143278,143306],[10,141410,13,141412,18],{"id":141411},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141413,127937],{},[20,141415,22,141416,141418],{},[15,141417,127937],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141420,126635,141421,3114,141423,141425],{},[15,141422,3838],{},[15,141424,3909],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[48,141427,141429],{"className":50,"code":141428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141430,141431,141444,141448,141473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141432,141433,141435,141437,141439,141442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141434,64],{"class":63},[57,141436,68],{"class":67},[57,141438,72],{"class":71},[57,141440,141441],{"class":75},"Python Beginner Help",[57,141443,79],{"class":71},[57,141445,141446],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141447,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,141449,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,141451,119],{"class":118},[57,141453,101],{"class":93},[57,141455,227],{"class":97},[57,141457,94],{"class":93},[57,141459,141460],{"class":97},"startswith",[57,141462,101],{"class":93},[57,141464,104],{"class":71},[57,141466,528],{"class":75},[57,141468,104],{"class":71},[57,141470,5594],{"class":93},[57,141472,44090],{"class":132},[57,141474,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141492,141494,141496],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,141476,119],{"class":118},[57,141478,101],{"class":93},[57,141480,227],{"class":97},[57,141482,94],{"class":93},[57,141484,141460],{"class":97},[57,141486,101],{"class":93},[57,141488,104],{"class":71},[57,141490,141491],{"class":75},"Beginner",[57,141493,104],{"class":71},[57,141495,5594],{"class":93},[57,141497,141498],{"class":132}," # False\n",[20,141500,136,141501,141503],{},[15,141502,127937],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[43,141505,143,141507,146],{"id":141506},"what-startswith-does",[15,141508,127937],{},[20,141510,141511,141513],{},[15,141512,127937],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141515,141516,141519,141525,141527],{},[33,141517,141518],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141520,5380,141521,3114,141523],{},[15,141522,3838],{},[15,141524,3909],{},[33,141526,123715],{},[33,141528,141529],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141531,179],{},[48,141533,141535],{"className":50,"code":141534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141536,141537,141549,141553,141578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141538,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141540,8112],{"class":63},[57,141542,68],{"class":67},[57,141544,72],{"class":71},[57,141546,528],{"class":75},[57,141548,79],{"class":71},[57,141550,141551],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141552,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,141554,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141572,141574,141576],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,141556,119],{"class":118},[57,141558,101],{"class":93},[57,141560,1056],{"class":97},[57,141562,94],{"class":93},[57,141564,141460],{"class":97},[57,141566,101],{"class":93},[57,141568,104],{"class":71},[57,141570,141571],{"class":75},"Py",[57,141573,104],{"class":71},[57,141575,5594],{"class":93},[57,141577,44090],{"class":132},[57,141579,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,141581,119],{"class":118},[57,141583,101],{"class":93},[57,141585,1056],{"class":97},[57,141587,94],{"class":93},[57,141589,141460],{"class":97},[57,141591,101],{"class":93},[57,141593,104],{"class":71},[57,141595,129015],{"class":75},[57,141597,104],{"class":71},[57,141599,5594],{"class":93},[57,141601,44107],{"class":132},[43,141603,300],{"id":299},[20,141605,42625],{},[48,141607,141609],{"className":50,"code":141608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141610,141611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141612,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141614,310],{"class":63},[57,141616,94],{"class":93},[57,141618,141460],{"class":97},[57,141620,101],{"class":93},[57,141622,141623],{"class":97},"prefix",[57,141625,112],{"class":93},[20,141627,31003],{},[48,141629,141631],{"className":50,"code":141630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141632,141633,141651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141634,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141636,310],{"class":63},[57,141638,94],{"class":93},[57,141640,141460],{"class":97},[57,141642,101],{"class":93},[57,141644,141623],{"class":97},[57,141646,107],{"class":93},[57,141648,36291],{"class":97},[57,141650,112],{"class":93},[57,141652,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141654,310],{"class":63},[57,141656,94],{"class":93},[57,141658,141460],{"class":97},[57,141660,101],{"class":93},[57,141662,141623],{"class":97},[57,141664,107],{"class":93},[57,141666,36291],{"class":97},[57,141668,107],{"class":93},[57,141670,65271],{"class":97},[57,141672,112],{"class":93},[20,141674,21006,141675,141677],{},[15,141676,141623],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141679,179],{},[48,141681,141683],{"className":50,"code":141682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141684,141685,141697,141701,141726,141750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141686,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141688,64],{"class":63},[57,141690,68],{"class":67},[57,141692,72],{"class":71},[57,141694,60640],{"class":75},[57,141696,79],{"class":71},[57,141698,141699],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141700,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,141702,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,141704,119],{"class":118},[57,141706,101],{"class":93},[57,141708,227],{"class":97},[57,141710,94],{"class":93},[57,141712,141460],{"class":97},[57,141714,101],{"class":93},[57,141716,104],{"class":71},[57,141718,1590],{"class":75},[57,141720,104],{"class":71},[57,141722,5594],{"class":93},[57,141724,141725],{"class":132},"      # True\n",[57,141727,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,141729,119],{"class":118},[57,141731,101],{"class":93},[57,141733,227],{"class":97},[57,141735,94],{"class":93},[57,141737,141460],{"class":97},[57,141739,101],{"class":93},[57,141741,104],{"class":71},[57,141743,60824],{"class":75},[57,141745,104],{"class":71},[57,141747,5594],{"class":93},[57,141749,21436],{"class":132},[57,141751,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,141753,119],{"class":118},[57,141755,101],{"class":93},[57,141757,227],{"class":97},[57,141759,94],{"class":93},[57,141761,141460],{"class":97},[57,141763,101],{"class":93},[57,141765,104],{"class":71},[57,141767,60824],{"class":75},[57,141769,104],{"class":71},[57,141771,107],{"class":93},[57,141773,37884],{"class":1023},[57,141775,5594],{"class":93},[57,141777,44090],{"class":132},[20,141779,141780,141781,94],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[293,141782,296],{"href":295},[43,141784,141786],{"id":141785},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141788,141789,141791],{},[15,141790,127937],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[572,141793,141794],{"id":141623},[15,141795,141623],{},[20,141797,141798],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[48,141800,141802],{"className":50,"code":141801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141803,141804,141816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141805,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141807,64],{"class":63},[57,141809,68],{"class":67},[57,141811,72],{"class":71},[57,141813,845],{"class":75},[57,141815,79],{"class":71},[57,141817,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141835,141837,141839],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141819,119],{"class":118},[57,141821,101],{"class":93},[57,141823,227],{"class":97},[57,141825,94],{"class":93},[57,141827,141460],{"class":97},[57,141829,101],{"class":93},[57,141831,104],{"class":71},[57,141833,141834],{"class":75},"ban",[57,141836,104],{"class":71},[57,141838,5594],{"class":93},[57,141840,3899],{"class":132},[572,141842,141843],{"id":36312},[15,141844,36312],{},[20,141846,141847],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[48,141849,141851],{"className":50,"code":141850,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141852,141853,141865],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141854,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141856,64],{"class":63},[57,141858,68],{"class":67},[57,141860,72],{"class":71},[57,141862,60640],{"class":75},[57,141864,79],{"class":71},[57,141866,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141868,119],{"class":118},[57,141870,101],{"class":93},[57,141872,227],{"class":97},[57,141874,94],{"class":93},[57,141876,141460],{"class":97},[57,141878,101],{"class":93},[57,141880,104],{"class":71},[57,141882,60824],{"class":75},[57,141884,104],{"class":71},[57,141886,107],{"class":93},[57,141888,37884],{"class":1023},[57,141890,5594],{"class":93},[57,141892,3899],{"class":132},[572,141894,141895],{"id":52895},[15,141896,52895],{},[20,141898,141899],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[48,141901,141903],{"className":50,"code":141902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141904,141905,141917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141906,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141908,64],{"class":63},[57,141910,68],{"class":67},[57,141912,72],{"class":71},[57,141914,60640],{"class":75},[57,141916,79],{"class":71},[57,141918,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141920,119],{"class":118},[57,141922,101],{"class":93},[57,141924,227],{"class":97},[57,141926,94],{"class":93},[57,141928,141460],{"class":97},[57,141930,101],{"class":93},[57,141932,104],{"class":71},[57,141934,141935],{"class":75},"wor",[57,141937,104],{"class":71},[57,141939,107],{"class":93},[57,141941,37884],{"class":1023},[57,141943,107],{"class":93},[57,141945,54371],{"class":1023},[57,141947,5594],{"class":93},[57,141949,3899],{"class":132},[572,141951,141953],{"id":141952},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141955,141956,141958],{},[15,141957,141623],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[48,141960,141962],{"className":50,"code":141961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141963,141964,141977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141965,141966,141968,141970,141972,141975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141967,126652],{"class":63},[57,141969,68],{"class":67},[57,141971,72],{"class":71},[57,141973,141974],{"class":75},"img_001.png",[57,141976,79],{"class":71},[57,141978,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141996,141998,142000,142002,142005,142007,142009],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,141980,119],{"class":118},[57,141982,101],{"class":93},[57,141984,126670],{"class":97},[57,141986,94],{"class":93},[57,141988,141460],{"class":97},[57,141990,5743],{"class":93},[57,141992,104],{"class":71},[57,141994,141995],{"class":75},"img_",[57,141997,104],{"class":71},[57,141999,107],{"class":93},[57,142001,72],{"class":71},[57,142003,142004],{"class":75},"photo_",[57,142006,104],{"class":71},[57,142008,51326],{"class":93},[57,142010,3899],{"class":132},[43,142012,17653],{"id":17652},[20,142014,142015,142017],{},[15,142016,127937],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,142019,142020,142025],{},[33,142021,142022,142024],{},[15,142023,3838],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,142026,142027,127254],{},[15,142028,3909],{},[20,142030,142031,142032,7408],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142033,7233],{},[48,142035,142037],{"className":50,"code":142036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142038,142039,142053,142057,142078,142093,142099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142040,142041,142044,142046,142048,142051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142042,142043],{"class":63},"command ",[57,142045,68],{"class":67},[57,142047,72],{"class":71},[57,142049,142050],{"class":75},"\u002Fhelp",[57,142052,79],{"class":71},[57,142054,142055],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142056,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142058,142059,142061,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142060,7233],{"class":4110},[57,142062,142063],{"class":63}," command",[57,142065,94],{"class":93},[57,142067,141460],{"class":97},[57,142069,101],{"class":93},[57,142071,104],{"class":71},[57,142073,127461],{"class":75},[57,142075,104],{"class":71},[57,142077,8577],{"class":93},[57,142079,142080,142082,142084,142086,142089,142091],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142081,8304],{"class":118},[57,142083,101],{"class":93},[57,142085,104],{"class":71},[57,142087,142088],{"class":75},"This looks like a command.",[57,142090,104],{"class":71},[57,142092,112],{"class":93},[57,142094,142095,142097],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,142096,27672],{"class":4110},[57,142098,6628],{"class":93},[57,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142110,142112],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,142102,8304],{"class":118},[57,142104,101],{"class":93},[57,142106,104],{"class":71},[57,142108,142109],{"class":75},"This is normal text.",[57,142111,104],{"class":71},[57,142113,112],{"class":93},[20,142115,243],{},[48,142117,142119],{"className":50,"code":142118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142120,142121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142122,142123,142126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142124,142125],{"class":63},"This looks like a command",[57,142127,122606],{"class":93},[43,142129,425,142131,8940,142133,2082,142135],{"id":142130},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142132,127937],{},[15,142134,36312],{},[15,142136,52895],{},[20,142138,2218,142139,2082,142141,142143],{},[15,142140,36312],{},[15,142142,52895],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,142145,142146,142151,142156],{},[33,142147,142148,142150],{},[15,142149,36312],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,142152,142153,142155],{},[15,142154,52895],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,142157,142158],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142160,179],{},[48,142162,142164],{"className":50,"code":142163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142165,142166,142178,142182,142211,142244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142167,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142169,64],{"class":63},[57,142171,68],{"class":67},[57,142173,72],{"class":71},[57,142175,366],{"class":75},[57,142177,79],{"class":71},[57,142179,142180],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142181,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142183,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142185,119],{"class":118},[57,142187,101],{"class":93},[57,142189,227],{"class":97},[57,142191,94],{"class":93},[57,142193,141460],{"class":97},[57,142195,101],{"class":93},[57,142197,104],{"class":71},[57,142199,408],{"class":75},[57,142201,104],{"class":71},[57,142203,107],{"class":93},[57,142205,2692],{"class":1023},[57,142207,5594],{"class":93},[57,142209,142210],{"class":132},"        # True\n",[57,142212,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142240,142242],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142214,119],{"class":118},[57,142216,101],{"class":93},[57,142218,227],{"class":97},[57,142220,94],{"class":93},[57,142222,141460],{"class":97},[57,142224,101],{"class":93},[57,142226,104],{"class":71},[57,142228,417],{"class":75},[57,142230,104],{"class":71},[57,142232,107],{"class":93},[57,142234,6594],{"class":1023},[57,142236,107],{"class":93},[57,142238,142239],{"class":1023}," 13",[57,142241,5594],{"class":93},[57,142243,3899],{"class":132},[57,142245,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,142247,119],{"class":118},[57,142249,101],{"class":93},[57,142251,227],{"class":97},[57,142253,94],{"class":93},[57,142255,141460],{"class":97},[57,142257,101],{"class":93},[57,142259,104],{"class":71},[57,142261,417],{"class":75},[57,142263,104],{"class":71},[57,142265,107],{"class":93},[57,142267,6594],{"class":1023},[57,142269,107],{"class":93},[57,142271,31182],{"class":1023},[57,142273,5594],{"class":93},[57,142275,5004],{"class":132},[20,142277,142278,142279,142281],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142280,52895],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[43,142283,142285],{"id":142284},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142287,142288],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142290,142291,142292,49584],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142293,41077],{},[48,142295,142297],{"className":50,"code":142296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142298,142299,142313,142327,142341,142345,142369,142373,142394,142415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142300,142301,142304,142306,142308,142311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142302,142303],{"class":63},"filename1 ",[57,142305,68],{"class":67},[57,142307,72],{"class":71},[57,142309,142310],{"class":75},"img_101.jpg",[57,142312,79],{"class":71},[57,142314,142315,142318,142320,142322,142325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142316,142317],{"class":63},"filename2 ",[57,142319,68],{"class":67},[57,142321,72],{"class":71},[57,142323,142324],{"class":75},"photo_202.jpg",[57,142326,79],{"class":71},[57,142328,142329,142332,142334,142336,142339],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142330,142331],{"class":63},"filename3 ",[57,142333,68],{"class":67},[57,142335,72],{"class":71},[57,142337,142338],{"class":75},"doc_303.jpg",[57,142340,79],{"class":71},[57,142342,142343],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142344,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142346,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,142348,127864],{"class":63},[57,142350,68],{"class":67},[57,142352,9472],{"class":93},[57,142354,104],{"class":71},[57,142356,141995],{"class":75},[57,142358,104],{"class":71},[57,142360,107],{"class":93},[57,142362,72],{"class":71},[57,142364,142004],{"class":75},[57,142366,104],{"class":71},[57,142368,112],{"class":93},[57,142370,142371],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,142372,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142374,142375,142377,142379,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,142376,119],{"class":118},[57,142378,101],{"class":93},[57,142380,142381],{"class":97},"filename1",[57,142383,94],{"class":93},[57,142385,141460],{"class":97},[57,142387,101],{"class":93},[57,142389,127916],{"class":97},[57,142391,5594],{"class":93},[57,142393,3899],{"class":132},[57,142395,142396,142398,142400,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,142397,119],{"class":118},[57,142399,101],{"class":93},[57,142401,142402],{"class":97},"filename2",[57,142404,94],{"class":93},[57,142406,141460],{"class":97},[57,142408,101],{"class":93},[57,142410,127916],{"class":97},[57,142412,5594],{"class":93},[57,142414,3899],{"class":132},[57,142416,142417,142419,142421,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,142418,119],{"class":118},[57,142420,101],{"class":93},[57,142422,142423],{"class":97},"filename3",[57,142425,94],{"class":93},[57,142427,141460],{"class":97},[57,142429,101],{"class":93},[57,142431,127916],{"class":97},[57,142433,5594],{"class":93},[57,142435,5004],{"class":132},[20,142437,142438],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142440,74999,142441,142445],{},[293,142442,738,142443,742],{"href":130161},[15,142444,126627],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[43,142447,124219],{"id":124218},[20,142449,142450,124030],{},[15,142451,127937],{},[20,142453,127614,142454,2082,142457,127621],{},[15,142455,142456],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142458,142459],{},"\"python\"",[48,142461,142463],{"className":50,"code":142462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142464,142465,142477,142481,142505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142466,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142468,64],{"class":63},[57,142470,68],{"class":67},[57,142472,72],{"class":71},[57,142474,528],{"class":75},[57,142476,79],{"class":71},[57,142478,142479],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142480,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142482,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142484,119],{"class":118},[57,142486,101],{"class":93},[57,142488,227],{"class":97},[57,142490,94],{"class":93},[57,142492,141460],{"class":97},[57,142494,101],{"class":93},[57,142496,104],{"class":71},[57,142498,141571],{"class":75},[57,142500,104],{"class":71},[57,142502,5594],{"class":93},[57,142504,3899],{"class":132},[57,142506,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142508,119],{"class":118},[57,142510,101],{"class":93},[57,142512,227],{"class":97},[57,142514,94],{"class":93},[57,142516,141460],{"class":97},[57,142518,101],{"class":93},[57,142520,104],{"class":71},[57,142522,129015],{"class":75},[57,142524,104],{"class":71},[57,142526,5594],{"class":93},[57,142528,5004],{"class":132},[20,142530,127706,142531,94],{},[293,142532,142533],{"href":124299},[15,142534,124302],{},[48,142536,142538],{"className":50,"code":142537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142539,142540,142552,142556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142541,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142543,64],{"class":63},[57,142545,68],{"class":67},[57,142547,72],{"class":71},[57,142549,528],{"class":75},[57,142551,79],{"class":71},[57,142553,142554],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142555,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142557,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142559,119],{"class":118},[57,142561,101],{"class":93},[57,142563,227],{"class":97},[57,142565,94],{"class":93},[57,142567,8876],{"class":97},[57,142569,8873],{"class":93},[57,142571,141460],{"class":97},[57,142573,101],{"class":93},[57,142575,104],{"class":71},[57,142577,129015],{"class":75},[57,142579,104],{"class":71},[57,142581,5594],{"class":93},[57,142583,3899],{"class":132},[43,142585,1637,142587],{"id":142586},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142588,127937],{},[20,142590,142591,142593],{},[15,142592,127937],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142595,9609],{},[30,142597,142598,142601,142604,142613],{},[33,142599,142600],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142602,142603],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142605,142606,142607,3114,142610],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142608,142609],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142611,142612],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142614,142615],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142617,179],{},[48,142619,142621],{"className":50,"code":142620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142622,142623,142636,142640,142669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142624,142625,142627,142629,142631,142634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142626,127432],{"class":63},[57,142628,68],{"class":67},[57,142630,72],{"class":71},[57,142632,142633],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[57,142635,79],{"class":71},[57,142637,142638],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142639,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142641,142642,142644,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142643,7233],{"class":4110},[57,142645,142646],{"class":63}," url",[57,142648,94],{"class":93},[57,142650,141460],{"class":97},[57,142652,5743],{"class":93},[57,142654,104],{"class":71},[57,142656,142609],{"class":75},[57,142658,104],{"class":71},[57,142660,107],{"class":93},[57,142662,72],{"class":71},[57,142664,142612],{"class":75},[57,142666,104],{"class":71},[57,142668,69791],{"class":93},[57,142670,142671,142673,142675,142677,142680,142682],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142672,8304],{"class":118},[57,142674,101],{"class":93},[57,142676,104],{"class":71},[57,142678,142679],{"class":75},"This looks like a web URL.",[57,142681,104],{"class":71},[57,142683,112],{"class":93},[43,142685,1673],{"id":1672},[20,142687,23331,142688,94],{},[15,142689,127937],{},[572,142691,138996],{"id":142692},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142694,142695,124030],{},[15,142696,127937],{},[48,142698,142700],{"className":50,"code":142699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142701,142702,142714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142703,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142705,64],{"class":63},[57,142707,68],{"class":67},[57,142709,72],{"class":71},[57,142711,528],{"class":75},[57,142713,79],{"class":71},[57,142715,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142717,119],{"class":118},[57,142719,101],{"class":93},[57,142721,227],{"class":97},[57,142723,94],{"class":93},[57,142725,141460],{"class":97},[57,142727,101],{"class":93},[57,142729,104],{"class":71},[57,142731,52],{"class":75},[57,142733,104],{"class":71},[57,142735,5594],{"class":93},[57,142737,5004],{"class":132},[20,142739,39502],{},[48,142741,142743],{"className":50,"code":142742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142744,142745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142746,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142748,119],{"class":118},[57,142750,101],{"class":93},[57,142752,227],{"class":97},[57,142754,94],{"class":93},[57,142756,8876],{"class":97},[57,142758,8873],{"class":93},[57,142760,141460],{"class":97},[57,142762,101],{"class":93},[57,142764,104],{"class":71},[57,142766,52],{"class":75},[57,142768,104],{"class":71},[57,142770,5594],{"class":93},[57,142772,3899],{"class":132},[572,142774,29888,142776,137478],{"id":142775},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142777,127937],{},[20,142779,142780],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[48,142782,142784],{"className":50,"code":142783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142785,142786,142794,142798,142803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142787,142788,142790,142792],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142789,2681],{"class":63},[57,142791,68],{"class":67},[57,142793,125253],{"class":1023},[57,142795,142796],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142797,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142799,142800],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142801,142802],{"class":132},"# This will cause an error:\n",[57,142804,142805],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142806,142807],{"class":132},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142809,39502],{},[48,142811,142813],{"className":50,"code":142812,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142814,142815,142829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142816,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142818,2681],{"class":63},[57,142820,68],{"class":67},[57,142822,49141],{"class":1256},[57,142824,101],{"class":93},[57,142826,50482],{"class":1023},[57,142828,112],{"class":93},[57,142830,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142832,119],{"class":118},[57,142834,101],{"class":93},[57,142836,2708],{"class":97},[57,142838,94],{"class":93},[57,142840,141460],{"class":97},[57,142842,101],{"class":93},[57,142844,104],{"class":71},[57,142846,3224],{"class":75},[57,142848,104],{"class":71},[57,142850,5594],{"class":93},[57,142852,3899],{"class":132},[572,142854,37444,142856,8940,142858],{"id":142855},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142857,127937],{},[15,142859,4117],{},[20,142861,142862,142864],{},[15,142863,127937],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142866,142867,142868,142870,142871,94],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142869,4117],{}," or methods like ",[293,142872,142873],{"href":124582},[15,142874,124567],{},[48,142876,142878],{"className":50,"code":142877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142879,142880,142892,142896,142920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142881,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142883,64],{"class":63},[57,142885,68],{"class":67},[57,142887,72],{"class":71},[57,142889,60640],{"class":75},[57,142891,79],{"class":71},[57,142893,142894],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142895,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142897,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142899,119],{"class":118},[57,142901,101],{"class":93},[57,142903,227],{"class":97},[57,142905,94],{"class":93},[57,142907,141460],{"class":97},[57,142909,101],{"class":93},[57,142911,104],{"class":71},[57,142913,60824],{"class":75},[57,142915,104],{"class":71},[57,142917,5594],{"class":93},[57,142919,5004],{"class":132},[57,142921,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,142923,119],{"class":118},[57,142925,101],{"class":93},[57,142927,104],{"class":71},[57,142929,60824],{"class":75},[57,142931,104],{"class":71},[57,142933,21409],{"class":4110},[57,142935,90],{"class":97},[57,142937,3896],{"class":93},[57,142939,142940],{"class":132},"           # True\n",[20,142942,136031,142943,94],{},[293,142944,127605],{"href":123827},[572,142946,4937,142948,2082,142950,142952],{"id":142947},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142949,36312],{},[15,142951,52895],{}," use index positions",[20,142954,142955,142956,94],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142957,1277],{},[48,142959,142961],{"className":50,"code":142960,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142962,142963,142976,142980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142964,142965,142967,142969,142971,142974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142966,64],{"class":63},[57,142968,68],{"class":67},[57,142970,72],{"class":71},[57,142972,142973],{"class":75},"abcdef",[57,142975,79],{"class":71},[57,142977,142978],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,142979,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,142981,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996,142999,143001,143003,143005,143007],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,142983,119],{"class":118},[57,142985,101],{"class":93},[57,142987,227],{"class":97},[57,142989,94],{"class":93},[57,142991,141460],{"class":97},[57,142993,101],{"class":93},[57,142995,104],{"class":71},[57,142997,142998],{"class":75},"cd",[57,143000,104],{"class":71},[57,143002,107],{"class":93},[57,143004,1024],{"class":1023},[57,143006,5594],{"class":93},[57,143008,3899],{"class":132},[572,143010,143012],{"id":143011},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143014,143015],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143017,16877],{},[48,143019,143021],{"className":50,"code":143020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143022,143023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143024,143025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143026,143020],{"class":132},[20,143028,16889],{},[48,143030,143032],{"className":50,"code":143031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143033,143034,143046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143035,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143037,64],{"class":63},[57,143039,68],{"class":67},[57,143041,72],{"class":71},[57,143043,528],{"class":75},[57,143045,79],{"class":71},[57,143047,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143073,143075,143077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143049,119],{"class":118},[57,143051,101],{"class":93},[57,143053,227],{"class":97},[57,143055,94],{"class":93},[57,143057,141460],{"class":97},[57,143059,5743],{"class":93},[57,143061,104],{"class":71},[57,143063,141571],{"class":75},[57,143065,104],{"class":71},[57,143067,107],{"class":93},[57,143069,72],{"class":71},[57,143071,143072],{"class":75},"Ja",[57,143074,104],{"class":71},[57,143076,51326],{"class":93},[57,143078,3899],{"class":132},[20,143080,32322],{},[48,143082,143084],{"className":50,"code":143083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143085,143086,143096,143110,143132,143158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143087,143088,143090,143092,143094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143089,119],{"class":118},[57,143091,101],{"class":93},[57,143093,227],{"class":97},[57,143095,112],{"class":93},[57,143097,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143099,119],{"class":118},[57,143101,101],{"class":93},[57,143103,1257],{"class":1256},[57,143105,101],{"class":93},[57,143107,227],{"class":97},[57,143109,640],{"class":93},[57,143111,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143113,119],{"class":118},[57,143115,101],{"class":93},[57,143117,227],{"class":97},[57,143119,94],{"class":93},[57,143121,141460],{"class":97},[57,143123,101],{"class":93},[57,143125,104],{"class":71},[57,143127,141571],{"class":75},[57,143129,104],{"class":71},[57,143131,640],{"class":93},[57,143133,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,143135,119],{"class":118},[57,143137,101],{"class":93},[57,143139,227],{"class":97},[57,143141,94],{"class":93},[57,143143,8876],{"class":97},[57,143145,8873],{"class":93},[57,143147,141460],{"class":97},[57,143149,101],{"class":93},[57,143151,104],{"class":71},[57,143153,129015],{"class":75},[57,143155,104],{"class":71},[57,143157,640],{"class":93},[57,143159,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,143161,119],{"class":118},[57,143163,101],{"class":93},[57,143165,227],{"class":97},[57,143167,94],{"class":93},[57,143169,141460],{"class":97},[57,143171,5743],{"class":93},[57,143173,104],{"class":71},[57,143175,141571],{"class":75},[57,143177,104],{"class":71},[57,143179,107],{"class":93},[57,143181,72],{"class":71},[57,143183,143072],{"class":75},[57,143185,104],{"class":71},[57,143187,2028],{"class":93},[43,143189,2075],{"id":2074},[572,143191,2099,143193,128415],{"id":143192},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143194,127937],{},[20,143196,143197,143198,3114,143200,94],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143199,3838],{},[15,143201,3909],{},[572,143203,5402,143205,143207],{"id":143204},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143206,127937],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143209,143210],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[48,143212,143214],{"className":50,"code":143213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143215,143216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143217,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143219,227],{"class":63},[57,143221,94],{"class":93},[57,143223,141460],{"class":97},[57,143225,5743],{"class":93},[57,143227,104],{"class":71},[57,143229,293],{"class":75},[57,143231,104],{"class":71},[57,143233,107],{"class":93},[57,143235,72],{"class":71},[57,143237,664],{"class":75},[57,143239,104],{"class":71},[57,143241,640],{"class":93},[572,143243,15135,143245,124907],{"id":143244},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143246,127937],{},[20,143248,130096],{},[572,143250,2079,143252,2082,143254,2085],{"id":143251},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143253,127937],{},[15,143255,4117],{},[20,143257,143258,143260,143261,143263],{},[15,143259,127937],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143262,4117],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[572,143265,28567,143267,2082,143269,8940,143271,2085],{"id":143266},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143268,36312],{},[15,143270,52895],{},[15,143272,127937],{},[20,143274,143275],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[43,143277,2132],{"id":2131},[30,143279,143280,143286,143292,143298,143302],{},[33,143281,143282],{},[293,143283,738,143284,742],{"href":130161},[15,143285,126627],{},[33,143287,143288],{},[293,143289,738,143290,742],{"href":124582},[15,143291,124567],{},[33,143293,143294],{},[293,143295,738,143296,742],{"href":124299},[15,143297,124302],{},[33,143299,143300],{},[293,143301,124970],{"href":123827},[33,143303,143304],{},[293,143305,296],{"href":295},[2161,143307,143308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":143310},[143311,143313,143314,143320,143321,143323,143324,143325,143327,143337,143349],{"id":141506,"depth":82,"text":143312},"What startswith() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":141785,"depth":82,"text":141786,"children":143315},[143316,143317,143318,143319],{"id":141623,"depth":115,"text":141623},{"id":36312,"depth":115,"text":36312},{"id":52895,"depth":115,"text":52895},{"id":141952,"depth":115,"text":141953},{"id":17652,"depth":82,"text":17653},{"id":142130,"depth":82,"text":143322},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142284,"depth":82,"text":142285},{"id":124218,"depth":82,"text":124219},{"id":142586,"depth":82,"text":143326},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":143328},[143329,143330,143332,143334,143336],{"id":142692,"depth":115,"text":138996},{"id":142775,"depth":115,"text":143331},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142855,"depth":115,"text":143333},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142947,"depth":115,"text":143335},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143011,"depth":115,"text":143012},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":143338},[143339,143341,143343,143345,143347],{"id":143192,"depth":115,"text":143340},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143204,"depth":115,"text":143342},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143244,"depth":115,"text":143344},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143251,"depth":115,"text":143346},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143266,"depth":115,"text":143348},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141406,"description":143350},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143357,"title":143358,"body":143359,"description":144813,"extension":2201,"meta":144814,"navigation":217,"path":144815,"seo":144816,"stem":144817,"__hash__":144818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143360,"toc":144783},[143361,143366,143371,143374,143376,143420,143422,143430,143435,143440,143445,143447,143465,143467,143513,143515,143529,143538,143542,143544,143546,143558,143563,143566,143598,143600,143609,143614,143617,143658,143660,143668,143670,143683,143689,143693,143696,143712,143714,143763,143765,143774,143777,143836,143838,143847,143854,143857,143910,143912,143936,143943,143949,143953,143959,143962,143973,143975,144015,144017,144025,144027,144067,144069,144078,144080,144098,144101,144108,144119,144122,144139,144141,144218,144220,144251,144254,144256,144259,144285,144287,144327,144329,144338,144348,144356,144364,144369,144374,144376,144390,144392,144443,144445,144454,144464,144466,144468,144490,144493,144572,144574,144610,144613,144688,144693,144695,144701,144706,144711,144714,144720,144723,144730,144738,144742,144750,144752,144780],[10,143362,13,143364,18],{"id":143363},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143365,741],{},[20,143367,32557,143368,143370],{},[15,143369,741],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143372,143373],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[43,143375,3843],{"id":3842},[48,143377,143379],{"className":50,"code":143378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143380,143381,143394,143409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143382,143383,143385,143387,143389,143392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143384,64],{"class":63},[57,143386,68],{"class":67},[57,143388,72],{"class":71},[57,143390,143391],{"class":75},"  hello  ",[57,143393,79],{"class":71},[57,143395,143396,143399,143401,143403,143405,143407],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143397,143398],{"class":63},"clean_text ",[57,143400,68],{"class":67},[57,143402,90],{"class":63},[57,143404,94],{"class":93},[57,143406,8870],{"class":97},[57,143408,212],{"class":93},[57,143410,143411,143413,143415,143418],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143412,119],{"class":118},[57,143414,101],{"class":93},[57,143416,143417],{"class":97},"clean_text",[57,143419,112],{"class":93},[20,143421,243],{},[48,143423,143424],{"className":50,"code":138871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143425,143426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143427,143428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143429,138871],{"class":63},[20,143431,136,143432,143434],{},[15,143433,741],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[43,143436,143,143438,146],{"id":143437},"what-strip-does",[15,143439,741],{},[20,143441,143442,143444],{},[15,143443,741],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143446,13284],{},[30,143448,143449,143453,143456,143459,143462],{},[33,143450,143451,131914],{},[15,143452,741],{},[33,143454,143455],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143457,143458],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143460,143461],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143463,143464],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143466,179],{},[48,143468,143470],{"className":50,"code":143469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143471,143472,143485,143489,143503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143473,143474,143476,143478,143480,143483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143475,64],{"class":63},[57,143477,68],{"class":67},[57,143479,72],{"class":71},[57,143481,143482],{"class":75},"  hello world  ",[57,143484,79],{"class":71},[57,143486,143487],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143488,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143492,119],{"class":118},[57,143494,101],{"class":93},[57,143496,227],{"class":97},[57,143498,94],{"class":93},[57,143500,8870],{"class":97},[57,143502,383],{"class":93},[57,143504,143505,143507,143509,143511],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,143506,119],{"class":118},[57,143508,101],{"class":93},[57,143510,227],{"class":97},[57,143512,112],{"class":93},[20,143514,243],{},[48,143516,143518],{"className":50,"code":143517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143519,143520,143524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143521,143522],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143523,134573],{"class":63},[57,143525,143526],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143527,143528],{"class":63},"  hello world\n",[20,143530,143531,143532,143534,143535,143537],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143533,741],{},", but the original ",[15,143536,227],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143539,125323,143540,94],{},[293,143541,296],{"href":295},[43,143543,300],{"id":299},[20,143545,26725],{},[30,143547,143548,143553],{},[33,143549,143550],{},[15,143551,143552],{},"string.strip()",[33,143554,143555],{},[15,143556,143557],{},"string.strip(chars)",[572,143559,143561],{"id":143560},"stringstrip",[15,143562,143552],{},[20,143564,143565],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[48,143567,143569],{"className":50,"code":143568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143570,143571,143584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143572,143573,143575,143577,143579,143582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143574,8112],{"class":63},[57,143576,68],{"class":67},[57,143578,72],{"class":71},[57,143580,143581],{"class":75},"  Alice  ",[57,143583,79],{"class":71},[57,143585,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143587,119],{"class":118},[57,143589,101],{"class":93},[57,143591,1056],{"class":97},[57,143593,94],{"class":93},[57,143595,8870],{"class":97},[57,143597,383],{"class":93},[20,143599,243],{},[48,143601,143603],{"className":50,"code":143602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Alice\n",[15,143604,143605],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143606,143607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143608,143602],{"class":63},[572,143610,143612],{"id":143611},"stringstripchars",[15,143613,143557],{},[20,143615,143616],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[48,143618,143620],{"className":50,"code":143619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143621,143622,143635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143623,143624,143626,143628,143630,143633],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143625,64],{"class":63},[57,143627,68],{"class":67},[57,143629,72],{"class":71},[57,143631,143632],{"class":75},"!!hello??",[57,143634,79],{"class":71},[57,143636,143637,143639,143641,143643,143645,143647,143649,143651,143654,143656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143638,119],{"class":118},[57,143640,101],{"class":93},[57,143642,227],{"class":97},[57,143644,94],{"class":93},[57,143646,8870],{"class":97},[57,143648,101],{"class":93},[57,143650,104],{"class":71},[57,143652,143653],{"class":75},"!?",[57,143655,104],{"class":71},[57,143657,640],{"class":93},[20,143659,243],{},[48,143661,143662],{"className":50,"code":138871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143663,143664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143665,143666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143667,138871],{"class":63},[20,143669,84045],{},[30,143671,143672,143677],{},[33,143673,143674,143676],{},[15,143675,134816],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143678,143679,143680,143682],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143681,134816],{}," does not matter",[43,143684,143686,143687],{"id":143685},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143688,741],{},[20,143690,31124,143691,94],{},[15,143692,741],{},[20,143694,143695],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143697,143698,143703,143706,143709],{},[33,143699,143700,143701,4120],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143702,3193],{},[33,143704,143705],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143707,143708],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143710,143711],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143713,48598],{},[48,143715,143717],{"className":50,"code":143716,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143718,143719,143732,143748,143752],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143720,143721,143723,143725,143727,143730],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143722,8196],{"class":63},[57,143724,68],{"class":67},[57,143726,72],{"class":71},[57,143728,143729],{"class":75},"  sam  ",[57,143731,79],{"class":71},[57,143733,143734,143737,143739,143742,143744,143746],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143735,143736],{"class":63},"clean_username ",[57,143738,68],{"class":67},[57,143740,143741],{"class":63}," username",[57,143743,94],{"class":93},[57,143745,8870],{"class":97},[57,143747,212],{"class":93},[57,143749,143750],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143751,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,143753,143754,143756,143758,143761],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,143755,119],{"class":118},[57,143757,101],{"class":93},[57,143759,143760],{"class":97},"clean_username",[57,143762,112],{"class":93},[20,143764,243],{},[48,143766,143768],{"className":50,"code":143767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sam\n",[15,143769,143770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143771,143772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143773,143767],{"class":63},[20,143775,143776],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[48,143778,143780],{"className":50,"code":143779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143781,143782,143795,143799,143821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143783,143784,143786,143788,143790,143793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143785,136800],{"class":63},[57,143787,68],{"class":67},[57,143789,72],{"class":71},[57,143791,143792],{"class":75}," yes  ",[57,143794,79],{"class":71},[57,143796,143797],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143798,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,143800,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143802,7233],{"class":4110},[57,143804,136820],{"class":63},[57,143806,94],{"class":93},[57,143808,8870],{"class":97},[57,143810,7600],{"class":93},[57,143812,6643],{"class":67},[57,143814,72],{"class":71},[57,143816,8893],{"class":75},[57,143818,104],{"class":71},[57,143820,6628],{"class":93},[57,143822,143823,143825,143827,143829,143832,143834],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,143824,8304],{"class":118},[57,143826,101],{"class":93},[57,143828,104],{"class":71},[57,143830,143831],{"class":75},"Matched",[57,143833,104],{"class":71},[57,143835,112],{"class":93},[20,143837,243],{},[48,143839,143841],{"className":50,"code":143840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Matched\n",[15,143842,143843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143844,143845],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143846,143840],{"class":63},[20,143848,143849,143850,94],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[293,143851,143853],{"href":143852},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143855,143856],{},"Example with file-style text:",[48,143858,143860],{"className":50,"code":143859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143861,143862,143878,143892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143863,143864,143867,143869,143871,143874,143876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143865,143866],{"class":63},"line ",[57,143868,68],{"class":67},[57,143870,72],{"class":71},[57,143872,143873],{"class":75},"Python basics",[57,143875,479],{"class":472},[57,143877,79],{"class":71},[57,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143881,119],{"class":118},[57,143883,101],{"class":93},[57,143885,42019],{"class":118},[57,143887,101],{"class":93},[57,143889,59],{"class":97},[57,143891,640],{"class":93},[57,143893,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,143895,119],{"class":118},[57,143897,101],{"class":93},[57,143899,42019],{"class":118},[57,143901,101],{"class":93},[57,143903,59],{"class":97},[57,143905,94],{"class":93},[57,143907,8870],{"class":97},[57,143909,6524],{"class":93},[20,143911,243],{},[48,143913,143915],{"className":50,"code":143914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143916,143917,143928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143918,143919,143921,143923,143926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143920,261],{"class":43563},[57,143922,143873],{"class":43567},[57,143924,479],{"class":143925},"sfi6f",[57,143927,29938],{"class":43563},[57,143929,143930,143932,143934],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143931,261],{"class":43563},[57,143933,143873],{"class":43567},[57,143935,29938],{"class":43563},[20,143937,425,143938,143940,143941,94],{},[15,143939,122788],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143942,479],{},[20,143944,143945,143946,94],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[293,143947,143948],{"href":88027},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[43,143950,143952],{"id":143951},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143954,143955,143956,94],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143957,143958],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143960,143961],{},"Python will:",[30,143963,143964,143967,143970],{},[33,143965,143966],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143968,143969],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143971,143972],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143974,179],{},[48,143976,143978],{"className":50,"code":143977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143979,143980,143993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143981,143982,143984,143986,143988,143991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143983,64],{"class":63},[57,143985,68],{"class":67},[57,143987,72],{"class":71},[57,143989,143990],{"class":75},"??hello!!",[57,143992,79],{"class":71},[57,143994,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,143996,119],{"class":118},[57,143998,101],{"class":93},[57,144000,227],{"class":97},[57,144002,94],{"class":93},[57,144004,8870],{"class":97},[57,144006,101],{"class":93},[57,144008,104],{"class":71},[57,144010,143653],{"class":75},[57,144012,104],{"class":71},[57,144014,640],{"class":93},[20,144016,243],{},[48,144018,144019],{"className":50,"code":138871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,144020,144021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144022,144023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144024,138871],{"class":63},[20,144026,1102],{},[48,144028,144030],{"className":50,"code":144029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144031,144032,144045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144033,144034,144036,144038,144040,144043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144035,64],{"class":63},[57,144037,68],{"class":67},[57,144039,72],{"class":71},[57,144041,144042],{"class":75},"abcHelloCba",[57,144044,79],{"class":71},[57,144046,144047,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144048,119],{"class":118},[57,144050,101],{"class":93},[57,144052,227],{"class":97},[57,144054,94],{"class":93},[57,144056,8870],{"class":97},[57,144058,101],{"class":93},[57,144060,104],{"class":71},[57,144062,41801],{"class":75},[57,144064,104],{"class":71},[57,144066,640],{"class":93},[20,144068,243],{},[48,144070,144072],{"className":50,"code":144071,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloC\n",[15,144073,144074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144075,144076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144077,144071],{"class":63},[20,144079,6469],{},[20,144081,144082,14285,144085,144087,144088,144090,144091,754,144093,758,144095,144097],{},[15,144083,144084],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[153,144086,175],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144089,41801],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144092,293],{},[15,144094,664],{},[15,144096,673],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144099,144100],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144102,144103,144104,6866],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[293,144105,144106],{"href":130148},[15,144107,124743],{},[43,144109,144111,577,144113,577,144116],{"id":144110},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144112,741],{},[15,144114,144115],{},"lstrip()",[15,144117,144118],{},"rstrip()",[20,144120,144121],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,144123,144124,144129,144134],{},[33,144125,144126,144128],{},[15,144127,741],{}," removes from both ends",[33,144130,144131,144133],{},[15,144132,144115],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,144135,144136,144138],{},[15,144137,144118],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144140,179],{},[48,144142,144144],{"className":50,"code":144143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144145,144146,144158,144162,144180,144199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144149,64],{"class":63},[57,144151,68],{"class":67},[57,144153,72],{"class":71},[57,144155,143391],{"class":75},[57,144157,79],{"class":71},[57,144159,144160],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144161,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,144163,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172,144174,144176,144178],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144165,119],{"class":118},[57,144167,101],{"class":93},[57,144169,42019],{"class":118},[57,144171,101],{"class":93},[57,144173,227],{"class":97},[57,144175,94],{"class":93},[57,144177,8870],{"class":97},[57,144179,6524],{"class":93},[57,144181,144182,144184,144186,144188,144190,144192,144194,144197],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144183,119],{"class":118},[57,144185,101],{"class":93},[57,144187,42019],{"class":118},[57,144189,101],{"class":93},[57,144191,227],{"class":97},[57,144193,94],{"class":93},[57,144195,144196],{"class":97},"lstrip",[57,144198,6524],{"class":93},[57,144200,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213,144216],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,144202,119],{"class":118},[57,144204,101],{"class":93},[57,144206,42019],{"class":118},[57,144208,101],{"class":93},[57,144210,227],{"class":97},[57,144212,94],{"class":93},[57,144214,144215],{"class":97},"rstrip",[57,144217,6524],{"class":93},[20,144219,243],{},[48,144221,144223],{"className":50,"code":144222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144224,144225,144233,144242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144226,144227,144229,144231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144228,261],{"class":43563},[57,144230,1590],{"class":43567},[57,144232,29938],{"class":43563},[57,144234,144235,144237,144240],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144236,261],{"class":43563},[57,144238,144239],{"class":43567},"hello  ",[57,144241,29938],{"class":43563},[57,144243,144244,144246,144249],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144245,261],{"class":43563},[57,144247,144248],{"class":43567},"  hello",[57,144250,29938],{"class":43563},[20,144252,144253],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[43,144255,108584],{"id":108583},[20,144257,144258],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,144260,144261,144269,144279,144282],{},[33,144262,144263,144265,144266,144268],{},[15,144264,144084],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144267,41770],{}," once",[33,144270,144271,144272,754,144274,758,144276,144278],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144273,293],{},[15,144275,664],{},[15,144277,673],{}," from both ends",[33,144280,144281],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144283,144284],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144286,179],{},[48,144288,144290],{"className":50,"code":144289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144291,144292,144305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144293,144294,144296,144298,144300,144303],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144295,126652],{"class":63},[57,144297,68],{"class":67},[57,144299,72],{"class":71},[57,144301,144302],{"class":75},"txt_report.txt",[57,144304,79],{"class":71},[57,144306,144307,144309,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319,144321,144323,144325],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144308,119],{"class":118},[57,144310,101],{"class":93},[57,144312,126670],{"class":97},[57,144314,94],{"class":93},[57,144316,8870],{"class":97},[57,144318,101],{"class":93},[57,144320,104],{"class":71},[57,144322,126705],{"class":75},[57,144324,104],{"class":71},[57,144326,640],{"class":93},[20,144328,243],{},[48,144330,144332],{"className":50,"code":144331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"_report\n",[15,144333,144334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144335,144336],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144337,144331],{"class":63},[20,144339,144340,144341,754,144343,758,144345,144347],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144342,94],{},[15,144344,63517],{},[15,144346,2409],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144349,53888,144350,5016,144353,144355],{},[15,144351,144352],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[153,144354,175],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144357,144358,144359,144363],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[293,144360,144361],{"href":130148},[15,144362,124743],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[43,144365,1637,144367],{"id":144366},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144368,741],{},[20,144370,136,144371,144373],{},[15,144372,741],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144375,36666],{},[30,144377,144378,144382,144384,144387],{},[33,144379,143700,144380,4120],{},[15,144381,3193],{},[33,144383,143705],{},[33,144385,144386],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144388,144389],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144391,179],{},[48,144393,144395],{"className":50,"code":144394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144396,144397,144411,144415,144428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144398,144399,144402,144404,144406,144409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144400,144401],{"class":63},"email ",[57,144403,68],{"class":67},[57,144405,72],{"class":71},[57,144407,144408],{"class":75},"  user@example.com  ",[57,144410,79],{"class":71},[57,144412,144413],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144414,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,144416,144417,144419,144422,144424,144426],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144418,7233],{"class":4110},[57,144420,144421],{"class":63}," email",[57,144423,94],{"class":93},[57,144425,8870],{"class":97},[57,144427,21831],{"class":93},[57,144429,144430,144432,144434,144436,144439,144441],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144431,8304],{"class":118},[57,144433,101],{"class":93},[57,144435,104],{"class":71},[57,144437,144438],{"class":75},"Email was entered",[57,144440,104],{"class":71},[57,144442,112],{"class":93},[20,144444,243],{},[48,144446,144448],{"className":50,"code":144447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Email was entered\n",[15,144449,144450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144451,144452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144453,144447],{"class":63},[20,144455,144456,144457,144459,144460,94],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144458,741],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[293,144461,144462],{"href":124299},[15,144463,124302],{},[43,144465,1673],{"id":1672},[20,144467,1676],{},[30,144469,144470,144474,144479,144484],{},[33,144471,8688,144472,1684],{},[15,144473,741],{},[33,144475,8688,144476,144478],{},[15,144477,741],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144480,425,144481,144483],{},[15,144482,144352],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144485,4937,144486,144489],{},[15,144487,144488],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144491,144492],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[48,144494,144496],{"className":50,"code":144495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144497,144498,144512,144516,144526,144540,144554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144499,144500,144502,144504,144506,144508,144510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144501,64],{"class":63},[57,144503,68],{"class":67},[57,144505,72],{"class":71},[57,144507,144248],{"class":75},[57,144509,479],{"class":472},[57,144511,79],{"class":71},[57,144513,144514],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144515,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,144517,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144519,119],{"class":118},[57,144521,101],{"class":93},[57,144523,227],{"class":97},[57,144525,112],{"class":93},[57,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144529,119],{"class":118},[57,144531,101],{"class":93},[57,144533,42019],{"class":118},[57,144535,101],{"class":93},[57,144537,227],{"class":97},[57,144539,640],{"class":93},[57,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,144543,119],{"class":118},[57,144545,101],{"class":93},[57,144547,227],{"class":97},[57,144549,94],{"class":93},[57,144551,8870],{"class":97},[57,144553,383],{"class":93},[57,144555,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568,144570],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,144557,119],{"class":118},[57,144559,101],{"class":93},[57,144561,42019],{"class":118},[57,144563,101],{"class":93},[57,144565,227],{"class":97},[57,144567,94],{"class":93},[57,144569,8870],{"class":97},[57,144571,6524],{"class":93},[20,144573,243],{},[48,144575,144577],{"className":50,"code":144576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144578,144579,144584,144588,144598,144602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144580,144581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144582,144583],{"class":63},"  hello\n",[57,144585,144586],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144587,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,144589,144590,144592,144594,144596],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144591,261],{"class":43563},[57,144593,144248],{"class":43567},[57,144595,479],{"class":143925},[57,144597,29938],{"class":43563},[57,144599,144600],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144601,138871],{"class":63},[57,144603,144604,144606,144608],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,144605,261],{"class":43563},[57,144607,1590],{"class":43567},[57,144609,29938],{"class":43563},[20,144611,144612],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[48,144614,144616],{"className":50,"code":144615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144617,144618,144628,144642,144656,144674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144619,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144621,119],{"class":118},[57,144623,101],{"class":93},[57,144625,227],{"class":97},[57,144627,112],{"class":93},[57,144629,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638,144640],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144631,119],{"class":118},[57,144633,101],{"class":93},[57,144635,42019],{"class":118},[57,144637,101],{"class":93},[57,144639,227],{"class":97},[57,144641,640],{"class":93},[57,144643,144644,144646,144648,144650,144652,144654],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144645,119],{"class":118},[57,144647,101],{"class":93},[57,144649,227],{"class":97},[57,144651,94],{"class":93},[57,144653,8870],{"class":97},[57,144655,383],{"class":93},[57,144657,144658,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668,144670,144672],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144659,119],{"class":118},[57,144661,101],{"class":93},[57,144663,42019],{"class":118},[57,144665,101],{"class":93},[57,144667,227],{"class":97},[57,144669,94],{"class":93},[57,144671,8870],{"class":97},[57,144673,6524],{"class":93},[57,144675,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684,144686],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,144677,32392],{"class":118},[57,144679,101],{"class":93},[57,144681,3676],{"class":1256},[57,144683,94],{"class":93},[57,144685,8870],{"class":24987},[57,144687,112],{"class":93},[20,144689,144690,144692],{},[15,144691,122788],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[43,144694,2075],{"id":2074},[572,144696,2099,144698,144700],{"id":144697},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144699,741],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144702,46601,144703,144705],{},[15,144704,741],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[572,144707,2099,144709,2102],{"id":144708},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144710,741],{},[20,144712,144713],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[572,144715,2112,144717,144719],{"id":144716},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144718,741],{}," remove by default?",[20,144721,144722],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[572,144724,34446,144726,34449,144728,2085],{"id":144725},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144727,741],{},[15,144729,124743],{},[20,144731,144732,144734,144735,144737],{},[15,144733,741],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144736,124743],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[572,144739,144741],{"id":144740},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144743,128442,144744,144746,144747,144749],{},[15,144745,144115],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144748,144118],{}," for the right side.",[43,144751,2132],{"id":2131},[30,144753,144754,144760,144766,144771,144776],{},[33,144755,144756],{},[293,144757,738,144758,742],{"href":124299},[15,144759,124302],{},[33,144761,144762],{},[293,144763,738,144764,742],{"href":130148},[15,144765,124743],{},[33,144767,144768],{},[293,144769,144770],{"href":143852},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144772,144773],{},[293,144774,144775],{"href":88027},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144777,144778],{},[293,144779,296],{"href":295},[2161,144781,144782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":144784},[144785,144786,144788,144792,144794,144795,144797,144798,144800,144801,144812],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":143437,"depth":82,"text":144787},"What strip() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":144789},[144790,144791],{"id":143560,"depth":115,"text":143552},{"id":143611,"depth":115,"text":143557},{"id":143685,"depth":82,"text":144793},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143951,"depth":82,"text":143952},{"id":144110,"depth":82,"text":144796},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108583,"depth":82,"text":108584},{"id":144366,"depth":82,"text":144799},"When to use strip()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":144802},[144803,144805,144807,144809,144811],{"id":144697,"depth":115,"text":144804},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144708,"depth":115,"text":144806},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144716,"depth":115,"text":144808},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144725,"depth":115,"text":144810},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144740,"depth":115,"text":144741},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143358,"description":144813},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144820,"title":144821,"body":144822,"description":146002,"extension":2201,"meta":146003,"navigation":217,"path":146004,"seo":146005,"stem":146006,"__hash__":146007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144823,"toc":145972},[144824,144829,144834,144839,144841,144887,144895,144900,144914,144920,144922,144924,144939,144941,144951,144954,144985,144988,145011,145013,145016,145073,145075,145089,145091,145105,145111,145116,145119,145160,145162,145171,145179,145182,145227,145229,145238,145241,145245,145250,145264,145266,145298,145300,145320,145323,145328,145333,145335,145346,145349,145406,145408,145416,145425,145427,145429,145435,145437,145474,145476,145484,145486,145527,145529,145538,145543,145548,145550,145577,145584,145587,145618,145620,145629,145635,145644,145675,145677,145689,145702,145706,145711,145741,145743,145810,145812,145822,145824,145829,145832,145837,145842,145846,145852,145858,145861,145863,145921,145923,145931,145933,145969],[10,144825,13,144827,18],{"id":144826},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144828,128447],{},[20,144830,22,144831,144833],{},[15,144832,128447],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144835,84840,144836,144838],{},[15,144837,128447],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[43,144840,46],{"id":45},[48,144842,144844],{"className":50,"code":144843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144845,144846,144858,144872,144882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144847,144848,144850,144852,144854,144856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144849,64],{"class":63},[57,144851,68],{"class":67},[57,144853,72],{"class":71},[57,144855,129286],{"class":75},[57,144857,79],{"class":71},[57,144859,144860,144862,144864,144866,144868,144870],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144861,2463],{"class":63},[57,144863,68],{"class":67},[57,144865,90],{"class":63},[57,144867,94],{"class":93},[57,144869,34717],{"class":97},[57,144871,212],{"class":93},[57,144873,144874,144876,144878,144880],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,144875,119],{"class":118},[57,144877,101],{"class":93},[57,144879,2498],{"class":97},[57,144881,112],{"class":93},[57,144883,144884],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,144885,144886],{"class":132},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144888,144889,144891,144892,144894],{},[15,144890,128447],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[153,144893,175],{}," change the original string in place.",[43,144896,143,144898,146],{"id":144897},"what-upper-does",[15,144899,128447],{},[30,144901,144902,144907,144910,144912],{},[33,144903,144904,144906],{},[15,144905,128447],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144908,144909],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144911,133807],{},[33,144913,136523],{},[20,144915,125323,144916,3114,144918,94],{},[293,144917,136529],{"href":136528},[293,144919,296],{"href":295},[43,144921,300],{"id":299},[20,144923,2395],{},[48,144925,144927],{"className":50,"code":144926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.upper()\n",[15,144928,144929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144930,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144932,310],{"class":63},[57,144934,94],{"class":93},[57,144936,34717],{"class":97},[57,144938,212],{"class":93},[20,144940,11690],{},[30,144942,144943,144945,144948],{},[33,144944,97749],{},[33,144946,144947],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144949,144950],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144952,144953],{},"Example with a variable:",[48,144955,144957],{"className":50,"code":144956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144958,144959,144971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967,144969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144962,8112],{"class":63},[57,144964,68],{"class":67},[57,144966,72],{"class":71},[57,144968,52],{"class":75},[57,144970,79],{"class":71},[57,144972,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,144974,119],{"class":118},[57,144976,101],{"class":93},[57,144978,1056],{"class":97},[57,144980,94],{"class":93},[57,144982,34717],{"class":97},[57,144984,383],{"class":93},[20,144986,144987],{},"Example with a string literal:",[48,144989,144991],{"className":50,"code":144990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144992,144993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144994,144995,144997,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144996,119],{"class":118},[57,144998,101],{"class":93},[57,145000,104],{"class":71},[57,145002,1590],{"class":75},[57,145004,104],{"class":71},[57,145006,94],{"class":93},[57,145008,34717],{"class":97},[57,145010,383],{"class":93},[43,145012,11707],{"id":11706},[20,145014,145015],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[48,145017,145019],{"className":50,"code":145018,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145020,145021,145033,145048,145052,145062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145022,145023,145025,145027,145029,145031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145024,6388],{"class":63},[57,145026,68],{"class":67},[57,145028,72],{"class":71},[57,145030,845],{"class":75},[57,145032,79],{"class":71},[57,145034,145035,145038,145040,145042,145044,145046],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145036,145037],{"class":63},"uppercase_word ",[57,145039,68],{"class":67},[57,145041,38621],{"class":63},[57,145043,94],{"class":93},[57,145045,34717],{"class":97},[57,145047,212],{"class":93},[57,145049,145050],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145051,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145053,145054,145056,145058,145060],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145055,119],{"class":118},[57,145057,101],{"class":93},[57,145059,38631],{"class":97},[57,145061,112],{"class":93},[57,145063,145064,145066,145068,145071],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,145065,119],{"class":118},[57,145067,101],{"class":93},[57,145069,145070],{"class":97},"uppercase_word",[57,145072,112],{"class":93},[20,145074,243],{},[48,145076,145078],{"className":50,"code":145077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145079,145080,145084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145081,145082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145083,70633],{"class":63},[57,145085,145086],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145087,145088],{"class":472},"BANANA\n",[20,145090,112690],{},[30,145092,145093,145098],{},[33,145094,145095,145097],{},[15,145096,38631],{}," keeps its original value",[33,145099,145100,145102,145103],{},[15,145101,145070],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145104,128447],{},[43,145106,145108,145110],{"id":145107},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145109,128447],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145112,137188,145113,145115],{},[153,145114,137191],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145117,145118],{},"So this method:",[48,145120,145122],{"className":50,"code":145121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145123,145124,145136,145146,145150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145125,145126,145128,145130,145132,145134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145127,8112],{"class":63},[57,145129,68],{"class":67},[57,145131,72],{"class":71},[57,145133,18037],{"class":75},[57,145135,79],{"class":71},[57,145137,145138,145140,145142,145144],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145139,1056],{"class":63},[57,145141,94],{"class":93},[57,145143,34717],{"class":97},[57,145145,212],{"class":93},[57,145147,145148],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145149,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145151,145152,145154,145156,145158],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145153,119],{"class":118},[57,145155,101],{"class":93},[57,145157,1056],{"class":97},[57,145159,112],{"class":93},[20,145161,243],{},[48,145163,145165],{"className":50,"code":145164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"alice\n",[15,145166,145167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145168,145169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145170,145164],{"class":63},[20,145172,21213,145173,145175,145176,145178],{},[15,145174,128447],{}," was called, ",[15,145177,1056],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145180,145181],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[48,145183,145185],{"className":50,"code":145184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145186,145187,145199,145213,145217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145188,145189,145191,145193,145195,145197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145190,8112],{"class":63},[57,145192,68],{"class":67},[57,145194,72],{"class":71},[57,145196,18037],{"class":75},[57,145198,79],{"class":71},[57,145200,145201,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145202,8112],{"class":63},[57,145204,68],{"class":67},[57,145206,36231],{"class":63},[57,145208,94],{"class":93},[57,145210,34717],{"class":97},[57,145212,212],{"class":93},[57,145214,145215],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145216,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145218,145219,145221,145223,145225],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145220,119],{"class":118},[57,145222,101],{"class":93},[57,145224,1056],{"class":97},[57,145226,112],{"class":93},[20,145228,243],{},[48,145230,145232],{"className":50,"code":145231,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ALICE\n",[15,145233,145234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145235,145236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145237,145231],{"class":472},[20,145239,145240],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[43,145242,145244],{"id":145243},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145246,145247,145249],{},[15,145248,128447],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,145251,145252,145255,145258,145261],{},[33,145253,145254],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,145256,145257],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,145259,145260],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,145262,145263],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145265,179],{},[48,145267,145269],{"className":50,"code":145268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145270,145271,145284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145272,145273,145275,145277,145279,145282],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145274,64],{"class":63},[57,145276,68],{"class":67},[57,145278,72],{"class":71},[57,145280,145281],{"class":75},"Room 7, table #3!",[57,145283,79],{"class":71},[57,145285,145286,145288,145290,145292,145294,145296],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145287,119],{"class":118},[57,145289,101],{"class":93},[57,145291,227],{"class":97},[57,145293,94],{"class":93},[57,145295,34717],{"class":97},[57,145297,383],{"class":93},[20,145299,243],{},[48,145301,145303],{"className":50,"code":145302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145304,145305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145306,145307,145310,145312,145314,145317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145308,145309],{"class":472},"ROOM",[57,145311,6227],{"class":1023},[57,145313,107],{"class":93},[57,145315,145316],{"class":472}," TABLE",[57,145318,145319],{"class":132}," #3!\n",[20,145321,145322],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[43,145324,1637,145326],{"id":145325},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145327,128447],{},[20,145329,145330,145332],{},[15,145331,128447],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145334,48576],{},[30,145336,145337,145340,145343],{},[33,145338,145339],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145341,145342],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145344,145345],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145347,145348],{},"Example: simple comparison",[48,145350,145352],{"className":50,"code":145351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145353,145354,145366,145370,145392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145355,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145357,136800],{"class":63},[57,145359,68],{"class":67},[57,145361,72],{"class":71},[57,145363,8893],{"class":75},[57,145365,79],{"class":71},[57,145367,145368],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145369,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145371,145372,145374,145376,145378,145380,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145373,7233],{"class":4110},[57,145375,136820],{"class":63},[57,145377,94],{"class":93},[57,145379,34717],{"class":97},[57,145381,7600],{"class":93},[57,145383,6643],{"class":67},[57,145385,72],{"class":71},[57,145387,136807],{"class":75},[57,145389,104],{"class":71},[57,145391,6628],{"class":93},[57,145393,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145395,8304],{"class":118},[57,145397,101],{"class":93},[57,145399,104],{"class":71},[57,145401,143831],{"class":75},[57,145403,104],{"class":71},[57,145405,112],{"class":93},[20,145407,243],{},[48,145409,145410],{"className":50,"code":143840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145411,145412],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145413,145414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145415,143840],{"class":63},[20,145417,145418,145419,754,145421,758,145423,94],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145420,8893],{},[15,145422,137592],{},[15,145424,136807],{},[43,145426,1673],{"id":1672},[572,145428,96110],{"id":96109},[20,145430,8351,145431,145434],{},[15,145432,145433],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145436,16877],{},[48,145438,145440],{"className":50,"code":145439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145441,145442,145454,145464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145443,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145445,64],{"class":63},[57,145447,68],{"class":67},[57,145449,72],{"class":71},[57,145451,1590],{"class":75},[57,145453,79],{"class":71},[57,145455,145456,145458,145460,145462],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145457,227],{"class":63},[57,145459,94],{"class":93},[57,145461,34717],{"class":97},[57,145463,212],{"class":93},[57,145465,145466,145468,145470,145472],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145467,119],{"class":118},[57,145469,101],{"class":93},[57,145471,227],{"class":97},[57,145473,112],{"class":93},[20,145475,243],{},[48,145477,145478],{"className":50,"code":138871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145479,145480],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145481,145482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145483,138871],{"class":63},[20,145485,16889],{},[48,145487,145489],{"className":50,"code":145488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145490,145491,145503,145517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145492,145493,145495,145497,145499,145501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145494,64],{"class":63},[57,145496,68],{"class":67},[57,145498,72],{"class":71},[57,145500,1590],{"class":75},[57,145502,79],{"class":71},[57,145504,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145506,64],{"class":63},[57,145508,68],{"class":67},[57,145510,90],{"class":63},[57,145512,94],{"class":93},[57,145514,34717],{"class":97},[57,145516,212],{"class":93},[57,145518,145519,145521,145523,145525],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145520,119],{"class":118},[57,145522,101],{"class":93},[57,145524,227],{"class":97},[57,145526,112],{"class":93},[20,145528,243],{},[48,145530,145532],{"className":50,"code":145531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO\n",[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145535,145536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145537,145531],{"class":472},[572,145539,19142,145541,137478],{"id":145540},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145542,128447],{},[20,145544,145545,145547],{},[15,145546,128447],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145549,179],{},[48,145551,145553],{"className":50,"code":145552,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145554,145555,145563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145556,145557,145559,145561],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145558,2450],{"class":63},[57,145560,68],{"class":67},[57,145562,125253],{"class":1023},[57,145564,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145566,119],{"class":118},[57,145568,101],{"class":93},[57,145570,2473],{"class":97},[57,145572,94],{"class":93},[57,145574,34717],{"class":97},[57,145576,383],{"class":93},[20,145578,39894,145579,145581,145582,33841],{},[15,145580,2423],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145583,128447],{},[20,145585,145586],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[48,145588,145590],{"className":50,"code":145589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145591,145592,145600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145593,145594,145596,145598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145595,2450],{"class":63},[57,145597,68],{"class":67},[57,145599,125253],{"class":1023},[57,145601,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145603,119],{"class":118},[57,145605,101],{"class":93},[57,145607,3676],{"class":1256},[57,145609,101],{"class":93},[57,145611,2473],{"class":97},[57,145613,8867],{"class":93},[57,145615,34717],{"class":97},[57,145617,383],{"class":93},[20,145619,243],{},[48,145621,145623],{"className":50,"code":145622,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"123\n",[15,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145626,145627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145628,145622],{"class":1023},[572,145630,37444,145632,145634],{"id":145631},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145633,128447],{}," with title case",[20,145636,145637,145639,145640,145643],{},[15,145638,128447],{}," makes ",[153,145641,145642],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[48,145645,145647],{"className":50,"code":145646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145648,145649,145661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145650,145651,145653,145655,145657,145659],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145652,64],{"class":63},[57,145654,68],{"class":67},[57,145656,72],{"class":71},[57,145658,60640],{"class":75},[57,145660,79],{"class":71},[57,145662,145663,145665,145667,145669,145671,145673],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145664,119],{"class":118},[57,145666,101],{"class":93},[57,145668,227],{"class":97},[57,145670,94],{"class":93},[57,145672,34717],{"class":97},[57,145674,383],{"class":93},[20,145676,243],{},[48,145678,145680],{"className":50,"code":145679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145681,145682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145683,145684,145686],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145685,136581],{"class":472},[57,145687,145688],{"class":472}," WORLD\n",[20,145690,145691,145692,145696,145697,145701],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[293,145693,145694],{"href":124299},[15,145695,124302],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[293,145698,145699],{"href":130148},[15,145700,124743],{}," changes parts of a string.",[43,145703,145705],{"id":145704},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145707,145708,145709,1016],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145710,128447],{},[30,145712,145713,145720,145727,145734],{},[33,145714,145715,145719],{},[293,145716,145717],{"href":124299},[15,145718,124302],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145721,145722,145726],{},[293,145723,145724],{"href":737},[15,145725,741],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145728,145729,145733],{},[293,145730,145731],{"href":130148},[15,145732,124743],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145735,145736,2082,145738,145740],{},[15,145737,127937],{},[15,145739,126627],{}," for checks",[20,145742,179],{},[48,145744,145746],{"className":50,"code":145745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145747,145748,145760,145764,145779,145795,145799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145749,145750,145752,145754,145756,145758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145751,64],{"class":63},[57,145753,68],{"class":67},[57,145755,72],{"class":71},[57,145757,143482],{"class":75},[57,145759,79],{"class":71},[57,145761,145762],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145763,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145765,145766,145769,145771,145773,145775,145777],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145767,145768],{"class":63},"cleaned ",[57,145770,68],{"class":67},[57,145772,90],{"class":63},[57,145774,94],{"class":93},[57,145776,8870],{"class":97},[57,145778,212],{"class":93},[57,145780,145781,145784,145786,145789,145791,145793],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145782,145783],{"class":63},"loud ",[57,145785,68],{"class":67},[57,145787,145788],{"class":63}," cleaned",[57,145790,94],{"class":93},[57,145792,34717],{"class":97},[57,145794,212],{"class":93},[57,145796,145797],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,145798,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145800,145801,145803,145805,145808],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,145802,119],{"class":118},[57,145804,101],{"class":93},[57,145806,145807],{"class":97},"loud",[57,145809,112],{"class":93},[20,145811,243],{},[48,145813,145814],{"className":50,"code":145679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145815,145816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145817,145818,145820],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145819,136581],{"class":472},[57,145821,145688],{"class":472},[43,145823,2075],{"id":2074},[572,145825,2099,145827,2102],{"id":145826},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145828,128447],{},[20,145830,145831],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[572,145833,2099,145835,137860],{"id":145834},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145836,128447],{},[20,145838,145839,145840,94],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145841,145433],{},[572,145843,145845],{"id":145844},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145847,145848,145849,145851],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145850,128447],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[572,145853,28567,145855,145857],{"id":145854},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145856,128447],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145859,145860],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145862,179],{},[48,145864,145866],{"className":50,"code":145865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145867,145868,145880,145893,145897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145869,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145871,2790],{"class":63},[57,145873,68],{"class":67},[57,145875,72],{"class":71},[57,145877,52],{"class":75},[57,145879,79],{"class":71},[57,145881,145882,145884,145886,145888,145891],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,145883,2818],{"class":63},[57,145885,68],{"class":67},[57,145887,72],{"class":71},[57,145889,145890],{"class":75},"PYTHON",[57,145892,79],{"class":71},[57,145894,145895],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,145896,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,145898,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,145900,119],{"class":118},[57,145902,101],{"class":93},[57,145904,293],{"class":97},[57,145906,94],{"class":93},[57,145908,34717],{"class":97},[57,145910,7600],{"class":93},[57,145912,6643],{"class":67},[57,145914,2795],{"class":97},[57,145916,94],{"class":93},[57,145918,34717],{"class":97},[57,145920,383],{"class":93},[20,145922,243],{},[48,145924,145925],{"className":50,"code":4213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145926,145927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145928,145929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145930,4213],{"class":4085},[43,145932,2132],{"id":2131},[30,145934,145935,145939,145945,145951,145957,145961,145965],{},[33,145936,145937],{},[293,145938,296],{"href":295},[33,145940,145941],{},[293,145942,738,145943,742],{"href":124299},[15,145944,124302],{},[33,145946,145947],{},[293,145948,738,145949,742],{"href":737},[15,145950,741],{},[33,145952,145953],{},[293,145954,738,145955,742],{"href":130148},[15,145956,124743],{},[33,145958,145959],{},[293,145960,90904],{"href":89913},[33,145962,145963],{},[293,145964,124970],{"href":123827},[33,145966,145967],{},[293,145968,137946],{"href":136528},[2161,145970,145971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":145973},[145974,145975,145977,145978,145979,145981,145982,145984,145991,145992,146001],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":144897,"depth":82,"text":145976},"What upper() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":145107,"depth":82,"text":145980},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145243,"depth":82,"text":145244},{"id":145325,"depth":82,"text":145983},"When to use upper()",{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":145985},[145986,145987,145989],{"id":96109,"depth":115,"text":96110},{"id":145540,"depth":115,"text":145988},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145631,"depth":115,"text":145990},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145704,"depth":82,"text":145705},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":145993},[145994,145996,145998,145999],{"id":145826,"depth":115,"text":145995},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145834,"depth":115,"text":145997},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145844,"depth":115,"text":145845},{"id":145854,"depth":115,"text":146000},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144821,"description":146002},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146009,"title":146010,"body":146011,"description":147888,"extension":2201,"meta":147889,"navigation":217,"path":147890,"seo":147891,"stem":147892,"__hash__":147893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146012,"toc":147838},[146013,146019,146026,146032,146034,146090,146095,146100,146105,146108,146127,146130,146132,146156,146174,146185,146187,146190,146243,146245,146253,146255,146273,146278,146281,146338,146340,146349,146352,146372,146375,146381,146386,146388,146431,146433,146441,146444,146485,146487,146496,146502,146508,146535,146537,146545,146550,146554,146566,146609,146611,146619,146624,146630,146635,146639,146641,146684,146687,146734,146736,146745,146752,146756,146759,146805,146810,146814,146816,146859,146862,146870,146872,146877,146879,146881,146900,146903,146915,146917,146936,146938,146946,146950,146952,147003,147006,147081,147083,147091,147094,147098,147100,147147,147150,147221,147223,147231,147237,147239,147314,147318,147397,147399,147407,147413,147419,147424,147429,147478,147482,147553,147556,147561,147572,147575,147586,147596,147598,147603,147628,147633,147714,147716,147741,147743,147748,147751,147757,147766,147772,147775,147781,147787,147794,147797,147799,147835],[10,146014,3809,146016,3813],{"id":146015},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146017,146018],{},"sum()",[20,146020,9358,146021,146023,146024,25001],{},[15,146022,146018],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146025,60232],{},[20,146027,146028,146029,146031],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146030,36312],{}," value and a few important limits.",[43,146033,46],{"id":45},[48,146035,146037],{"className":50,"code":146036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146038,146039,146063,146078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146040,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146042,3853],{"class":63},[57,146044,68],{"class":67},[57,146046,1380],{"class":93},[57,146048,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146050,107],{"class":93},[57,146052,1024],{"class":1023},[57,146054,107],{"class":93},[57,146056,2686],{"class":1023},[57,146058,107],{"class":93},[57,146060,2692],{"class":1023},[57,146062,288],{"class":93},[57,146064,146065,146067,146069,146072,146074,146076],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146066,41423],{"class":63},[57,146068,68],{"class":67},[57,146070,146071],{"class":118}," sum",[57,146073,101],{"class":93},[57,146075,3883],{"class":97},[57,146077,112],{"class":93},[57,146079,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,146081,119],{"class":118},[57,146083,101],{"class":93},[57,146085,41452],{"class":97},[57,146087,3896],{"class":93},[57,146089,27033],{"class":132},[20,146091,136,146092,146094],{},[15,146093,146018],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[43,146096,143,146098,146],{"id":146097},"what-sum-does",[15,146099,146018],{},[20,146101,146102,146104],{},[15,146103,146018],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146106,146107],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,146109,146110,146113,146116,146121],{},[33,146111,146112],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,146114,146115],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,146117,146118,146119],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146120,36438],{},[33,146122,146123,146124,146126],{},"Counting ",[15,146125,3838],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146128,146129],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[43,146131,300],{"id":299},[48,146133,146135],{"className":50,"code":146134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146136,146137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146138,146139,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146140,146141],{"class":118},"sum",[57,146143,101],{"class":93},[57,146145,3955],{"class":97},[57,146147,107],{"class":93},[57,146149,36291],{"class":9411},[57,146151,68],{"class":67},[57,146153,1277],{"class":1023},[57,146155,112],{"class":93},[30,146157,146158,146163,146168],{},[33,146159,146160,146162],{},[15,146161,3955],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,146164,146165,146167],{},[15,146166,36312],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,146169,146170,146171],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146172,146173],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146175,146176,146177,146180,146181,94],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146178,146179,3955],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[293,146182,146183,24854],{"href":36435},[15,146184,36438],{},[43,146186,11707],{"id":11706},[20,146188,146189],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[48,146191,146193],{"className":50,"code":146192,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146194,146195,146215,146229,146233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146196,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146198,3853],{"class":63},[57,146200,68],{"class":67},[57,146202,1380],{"class":93},[57,146204,2372],{"class":1023},[57,146206,107],{"class":93},[57,146208,6238],{"class":1023},[57,146210,107],{"class":93},[57,146212,38177],{"class":1023},[57,146214,288],{"class":93},[57,146216,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146218,41423],{"class":63},[57,146220,68],{"class":67},[57,146222,146071],{"class":118},[57,146224,101],{"class":93},[57,146226,3883],{"class":97},[57,146228,112],{"class":93},[57,146230,146231],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,146232,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,146234,146235,146237,146239,146241],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,146236,119],{"class":118},[57,146238,101],{"class":93},[57,146240,41452],{"class":97},[57,146242,112],{"class":93},[20,146244,243],{},[48,146246,146247],{"className":50,"code":70068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146248,146249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146250,146251],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146252,70068],{"class":1023},[20,146254,11916],{},[30,146256,146257,146262,146268],{},[33,146258,146259,146261],{},[15,146260,3883],{}," contains three integers",[33,146263,146264,146267],{},[15,146265,146266],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146269,146270,146271],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146272,41452],{},[43,146274,36853,146276,8668],{"id":146275},"using-the-start-value",[15,146277,36312],{},[20,146279,146280],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[48,146282,146284],{"className":50,"code":146283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146285,146286,146306,146324,146328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146287,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146289,3853],{"class":63},[57,146291,68],{"class":67},[57,146293,1380],{"class":93},[57,146295,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146297,107],{"class":93},[57,146299,1024],{"class":1023},[57,146301,107],{"class":93},[57,146303,2686],{"class":1023},[57,146305,288],{"class":93},[57,146307,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146309,41423],{"class":63},[57,146311,68],{"class":67},[57,146313,146071],{"class":118},[57,146315,101],{"class":93},[57,146317,3883],{"class":97},[57,146319,107],{"class":93},[57,146321,6238],{"class":1023},[57,146323,112],{"class":93},[57,146325,146326],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,146327,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,146329,146330,146332,146334,146336],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,146331,119],{"class":118},[57,146333,101],{"class":93},[57,146335,41452],{"class":97},[57,146337,112],{"class":93},[20,146339,243],{},[48,146341,146343],{"className":50,"code":146342,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"16\n",[15,146344,146345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146346,146347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146348,146342],{"class":1023},[20,146350,146351],{},"This works like:",[30,146353,146354,146359,146364,146368],{},[33,146355,146356,146357],{},"Start at ",[15,146358,941],{},[33,146360,146361,146362],{},"Add ",[15,146363,3224],{},[33,146365,146361,146366],{},[15,146367,1931],{},[33,146369,146361,146370],{},[15,146371,2299],{},[20,146373,146374],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[43,146376,143,146378,146380],{"id":146377},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146379,146018],{}," can work with",[20,146382,146383,146385],{},[15,146384,146018],{}," works with numeric values.",[572,146387,40665],{"id":40664},[48,146389,146391],{"className":50,"code":146390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146392,146393,146417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146394,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146396,4057],{"class":63},[57,146398,68],{"class":67},[57,146400,1380],{"class":93},[57,146402,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146404,107],{"class":93},[57,146406,1024],{"class":1023},[57,146408,107],{"class":93},[57,146410,2686],{"class":1023},[57,146412,107],{"class":93},[57,146414,2692],{"class":1023},[57,146416,288],{"class":93},[57,146418,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146420,119],{"class":118},[57,146422,101],{"class":93},[57,146424,146141],{"class":118},[57,146426,101],{"class":93},[57,146428,5591],{"class":97},[57,146430,640],{"class":93},[20,146432,243],{},[48,146434,146435],{"className":50,"code":2610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146436,146437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146438,146439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146440,2610],{"class":1023},[572,146442,146443],{"id":52281},"Floats",[48,146445,146447],{"className":50,"code":146446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146448,146449,146471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146450,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146464,146466,146469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146452,83272],{"class":63},[57,146454,68],{"class":67},[57,146456,1380],{"class":93},[57,146458,41399],{"class":1023},[57,146460,107],{"class":93},[57,146462,146463],{"class":1023}," 3.75",[57,146465,107],{"class":93},[57,146467,146468],{"class":1023}," 1.25",[57,146470,288],{"class":93},[57,146472,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146474,119],{"class":118},[57,146476,101],{"class":93},[57,146478,146141],{"class":118},[57,146480,101],{"class":93},[57,146482,83308],{"class":97},[57,146484,640],{"class":93},[20,146486,243],{},[48,146488,146490],{"className":50,"code":146489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.5\n",[15,146491,146492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146493,146494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146495,146489],{"class":1023},[20,146497,146498,146499,94],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[293,146500,146501],{"href":2653},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[572,146503,146505,146506],{"id":146504},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146507,36438],{},[48,146509,146511],{"className":50,"code":146510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146512,146513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146514,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146516,119],{"class":118},[57,146518,101],{"class":93},[57,146520,146141],{"class":118},[57,146522,101],{"class":93},[57,146524,60232],{"class":118},[57,146526,101],{"class":93},[57,146528,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146530,107],{"class":93},[57,146532,37884],{"class":1023},[57,146534,2028],{"class":93},[20,146536,243],{},[48,146538,146539],{"className":50,"code":47277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146540,146541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146542,146543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146544,47277],{"class":1023},[20,146546,113780,146547,94],{},[15,146548,146549],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[572,146551,146553],{"id":146552},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146555,146556,146557,146559,146560,2082,146562,146559,146564,94],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146558,3838],{}," acts like ",[15,146561,3224],{},[15,146563,3909],{},[15,146565,1277],{},[48,146567,146569],{"className":50,"code":146568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146570,146571,146595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146572,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146574,52201],{"class":63},[57,146576,68],{"class":67},[57,146578,1380],{"class":93},[57,146580,3838],{"class":4085},[57,146582,107],{"class":93},[57,146584,4140],{"class":4085},[57,146586,107],{"class":93},[57,146588,4149],{"class":4085},[57,146590,107],{"class":93},[57,146592,4149],{"class":4085},[57,146594,288],{"class":93},[57,146596,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146598,119],{"class":118},[57,146600,101],{"class":93},[57,146602,146141],{"class":118},[57,146604,101],{"class":93},[57,146606,52254],{"class":97},[57,146608,640],{"class":93},[20,146610,243],{},[48,146612,146613],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146614,146615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146616,146617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146618,46853],{"class":1023},[20,146620,146621,146622,94],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146623,3838],{},[43,146625,143,146627,146629],{"id":146626},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146628,146018],{}," does not work with",[20,146631,146632,146634],{},[15,146633,146018],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[572,146636,146638],{"id":146637},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146640,3072],{},[48,146642,146644],{"className":50,"code":146643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146645,146646,146670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146647,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146649,4304],{"class":63},[57,146651,68],{"class":67},[57,146653,1380],{"class":93},[57,146655,104],{"class":71},[57,146657,1590],{"class":75},[57,146659,104],{"class":71},[57,146661,107],{"class":93},[57,146663,72],{"class":71},[57,146665,60824],{"class":75},[57,146667,104],{"class":71},[57,146669,288],{"class":93},[57,146671,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146673,119],{"class":118},[57,146675,101],{"class":93},[57,146677,146141],{"class":118},[57,146679,101],{"class":93},[57,146681,4345],{"class":97},[57,146683,640],{"class":93},[20,146685,146686],{},"Use string joining instead:",[48,146688,146690],{"className":50,"code":146689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146691,146692,146716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146693,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146695,4304],{"class":63},[57,146697,68],{"class":67},[57,146699,1380],{"class":93},[57,146701,104],{"class":71},[57,146703,1590],{"class":75},[57,146705,104],{"class":71},[57,146707,107],{"class":93},[57,146709,72],{"class":71},[57,146711,60824],{"class":75},[57,146713,104],{"class":71},[57,146715,288],{"class":93},[57,146717,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146719,119],{"class":118},[57,146721,101],{"class":93},[57,146723,6506],{"class":71},[57,146725,94],{"class":93},[57,146727,1422],{"class":97},[57,146729,101],{"class":93},[57,146731,4345],{"class":97},[57,146733,640],{"class":93},[20,146735,243],{},[48,146737,146739],{"className":50,"code":146738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"helloworld\n",[15,146740,146741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146742,146743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146744,146738],{"class":63},[20,146746,146747,146748,94],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[293,146749,146750,6016],{"href":42415},[15,146751,47920],{},[572,146753,146755],{"id":146754},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146757,146758],{},"This also causes an error:",[48,146760,146762],{"className":50,"code":146761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146763,146764,146791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146765,146766,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146767,146768],{"class":63},"lists ",[57,146770,68],{"class":67},[57,146772,56529],{"class":93},[57,146774,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146776,107],{"class":93},[57,146778,1024],{"class":1023},[57,146780,18296],{"class":93},[57,146782,1380],{"class":93},[57,146784,2299],{"class":1023},[57,146786,107],{"class":93},[57,146788,2692],{"class":1023},[57,146790,53477],{"class":93},[57,146792,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146794,119],{"class":118},[57,146796,101],{"class":93},[57,146798,146141],{"class":118},[57,146800,101],{"class":93},[57,146802,5532],{"class":97},[57,146804,640],{"class":93},[20,146806,146807,146809],{},[15,146808,146018],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[572,146811,146813],{"id":146812},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146815,5705],{},[48,146817,146819],{"className":50,"code":146818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146820,146821,146845],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146822,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146824,4057],{"class":63},[57,146826,68],{"class":67},[57,146828,1380],{"class":93},[57,146830,3224],{"class":1023},[57,146832,107],{"class":93},[57,146834,1024],{"class":1023},[57,146836,107],{"class":93},[57,146838,72],{"class":71},[57,146840,2299],{"class":75},[57,146842,104],{"class":71},[57,146844,288],{"class":93},[57,146846,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146848,119],{"class":118},[57,146850,101],{"class":93},[57,146852,146141],{"class":118},[57,146854,101],{"class":93},[57,146856,5591],{"class":97},[57,146858,640],{"class":93},[20,146860,146861],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146863,146864,146865,146867,146868,94],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146866,66176],{},", convert them first. See ",[293,146869,3198],{"href":3197},[43,146871,41745],{"id":41744},[20,146873,146874,146875,94],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146876,146018],{},[572,146878,6760],{"id":6759},[20,146880,4758],{},[48,146882,146884],{"className":50,"code":146883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146885,146886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146887,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146889,119],{"class":118},[57,146891,101],{"class":93},[57,146893,146141],{"class":118},[57,146895,101],{"class":93},[57,146897,2372],{"class":1023},[57,146899,640],{"class":93},[20,146901,146902],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146904,146905,146910],{},[33,146906,146907,146909],{},[15,146908,2372],{}," is a single integer",[33,146911,146912,146914],{},[15,146913,146018],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146916,6790],{},[48,146918,146920],{"className":50,"code":146919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146921,146922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146923,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146925,119],{"class":118},[57,146927,101],{"class":93},[57,146929,146141],{"class":118},[57,146931,3221],{"class":93},[57,146933,2372],{"class":1023},[57,146935,3235],{"class":93},[20,146937,243],{},[48,146939,146940],{"className":50,"code":3182,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146941,146942],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146943,146944],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146945,3182],{"class":1023},[572,146947,146949],{"id":146948},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146951,4758],{},[48,146953,146955],{"className":50,"code":146954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146956,146957,146989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146958,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146960,4057],{"class":63},[57,146962,68],{"class":67},[57,146964,1380],{"class":93},[57,146966,104],{"class":71},[57,146968,3224],{"class":75},[57,146970,104],{"class":71},[57,146972,107],{"class":93},[57,146974,72],{"class":71},[57,146976,1931],{"class":75},[57,146978,104],{"class":71},[57,146980,107],{"class":93},[57,146982,72],{"class":71},[57,146984,2299],{"class":75},[57,146986,104],{"class":71},[57,146988,288],{"class":93},[57,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,146992,119],{"class":118},[57,146994,101],{"class":93},[57,146996,146141],{"class":118},[57,146998,101],{"class":93},[57,147000,5591],{"class":97},[57,147002,640],{"class":93},[20,147004,147005],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[48,147007,147009],{"className":50,"code":147008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147010,147011,147043,147071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147012,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147014,4057],{"class":63},[57,147016,68],{"class":67},[57,147018,1380],{"class":93},[57,147020,104],{"class":71},[57,147022,3224],{"class":75},[57,147024,104],{"class":71},[57,147026,107],{"class":93},[57,147028,72],{"class":71},[57,147030,1931],{"class":75},[57,147032,104],{"class":71},[57,147034,107],{"class":93},[57,147036,72],{"class":71},[57,147038,2299],{"class":75},[57,147040,104],{"class":71},[57,147042,288],{"class":93},[57,147044,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147046,41423],{"class":63},[57,147048,68],{"class":67},[57,147050,146071],{"class":118},[57,147052,101],{"class":93},[57,147054,2423],{"class":1256},[57,147056,101],{"class":93},[57,147058,2409],{"class":97},[57,147060,3896],{"class":93},[57,147062,4111],{"class":4110},[57,147064,4114],{"class":97},[57,147066,4117],{"class":4110},[57,147068,4120],{"class":97},[57,147070,112],{"class":93},[57,147072,147073,147075,147077,147079],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147074,119],{"class":118},[57,147076,101],{"class":93},[57,147078,41452],{"class":97},[57,147080,112],{"class":93},[20,147082,243],{},[48,147084,147085],{"className":50,"code":2891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147086,147087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147088,147089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147090,2891],{"class":1023},[20,147092,147093],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[572,147095,147097],{"id":147096},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147099,4758],{},[48,147101,147103],{"className":50,"code":147102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147104,147105,147133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147106,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147108,4057],{"class":63},[57,147110,68],{"class":67},[57,147112,1380],{"class":93},[57,147114,3224],{"class":1023},[57,147116,107],{"class":93},[57,147118,1024],{"class":1023},[57,147120,107],{"class":93},[57,147122,72],{"class":71},[57,147124,2299],{"class":75},[57,147126,104],{"class":71},[57,147128,107],{"class":93},[57,147130,2692],{"class":1023},[57,147132,288],{"class":93},[57,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147136,119],{"class":118},[57,147138,101],{"class":93},[57,147140,146141],{"class":118},[57,147142,101],{"class":93},[57,147144,5591],{"class":97},[57,147146,640],{"class":93},[20,147148,147149],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[48,147151,147153],{"className":50,"code":147152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147154,147155,147183,147211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147156,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147158,4057],{"class":63},[57,147160,68],{"class":67},[57,147162,1380],{"class":93},[57,147164,3224],{"class":1023},[57,147166,107],{"class":93},[57,147168,1024],{"class":1023},[57,147170,107],{"class":93},[57,147172,72],{"class":71},[57,147174,2299],{"class":75},[57,147176,104],{"class":71},[57,147178,107],{"class":93},[57,147180,2692],{"class":1023},[57,147182,288],{"class":93},[57,147184,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147186,41423],{"class":63},[57,147188,68],{"class":67},[57,147190,146071],{"class":118},[57,147192,101],{"class":93},[57,147194,2423],{"class":1256},[57,147196,101],{"class":93},[57,147198,2409],{"class":97},[57,147200,3896],{"class":93},[57,147202,4111],{"class":4110},[57,147204,4114],{"class":97},[57,147206,4117],{"class":4110},[57,147208,4120],{"class":97},[57,147210,112],{"class":93},[57,147212,147213,147215,147217,147219],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147214,119],{"class":118},[57,147216,101],{"class":93},[57,147218,41452],{"class":97},[57,147220,112],{"class":93},[20,147222,243],{},[48,147224,147225],{"className":50,"code":2610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147226,147227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147228,147229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147230,2610],{"class":1023},[572,147232,425,147234,147236],{"id":147233},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147235,146018],{}," to join text",[20,147238,4758],{},[48,147240,147242],{"className":50,"code":147241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147243,147244,147300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147245,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147247,36330],{"class":63},[57,147249,68],{"class":67},[57,147251,1380],{"class":93},[57,147253,104],{"class":71},[57,147255,134316],{"class":75},[57,147257,104],{"class":71},[57,147259,107],{"class":93},[57,147261,72],{"class":71},[57,147263,11977],{"class":75},[57,147265,104],{"class":71},[57,147267,107],{"class":93},[57,147269,72],{"class":71},[57,147271,63517],{"class":75},[57,147273,104],{"class":71},[57,147275,107],{"class":93},[57,147277,72],{"class":71},[57,147279,60672],{"class":75},[57,147281,104],{"class":71},[57,147283,107],{"class":93},[57,147285,72],{"class":71},[57,147287,60707],{"class":75},[57,147289,104],{"class":71},[57,147291,107],{"class":93},[57,147293,72],{"class":71},[57,147295,76257],{"class":75},[57,147297,104],{"class":71},[57,147299,288],{"class":93},[57,147301,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147303,119],{"class":118},[57,147305,101],{"class":93},[57,147307,146141],{"class":118},[57,147309,101],{"class":93},[57,147311,36383],{"class":97},[57,147313,640],{"class":93},[20,147315,136,147316,60765],{},[15,147317,1364],{},[48,147319,147321],{"className":50,"code":147320,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147322,147323,147379],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147324,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147326,36330],{"class":63},[57,147328,68],{"class":67},[57,147330,1380],{"class":93},[57,147332,104],{"class":71},[57,147334,134316],{"class":75},[57,147336,104],{"class":71},[57,147338,107],{"class":93},[57,147340,72],{"class":71},[57,147342,11977],{"class":75},[57,147344,104],{"class":71},[57,147346,107],{"class":93},[57,147348,72],{"class":71},[57,147350,63517],{"class":75},[57,147352,104],{"class":71},[57,147354,107],{"class":93},[57,147356,72],{"class":71},[57,147358,60672],{"class":75},[57,147360,104],{"class":71},[57,147362,107],{"class":93},[57,147364,72],{"class":71},[57,147366,60707],{"class":75},[57,147368,104],{"class":71},[57,147370,107],{"class":93},[57,147372,72],{"class":71},[57,147374,76257],{"class":75},[57,147376,104],{"class":71},[57,147378,288],{"class":93},[57,147380,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147382,119],{"class":118},[57,147384,101],{"class":93},[57,147386,6506],{"class":71},[57,147388,94],{"class":93},[57,147390,1422],{"class":97},[57,147392,101],{"class":93},[57,147394,36383],{"class":97},[57,147396,640],{"class":93},[20,147398,243],{},[48,147400,147401],{"className":50,"code":134397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147402,147403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147404,147405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147406,134397],{"class":63},[20,147408,147409,147410,94],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[293,147411,147412],{"href":135477},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[43,147414,147416,147418],{"id":147415},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147417,146018],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147420,147421,147423],{},[15,147422,146018],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[572,147425,425,147427],{"id":147426},"using-sum",[15,147428,146018],{},[48,147430,147432],{"className":50,"code":147431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147433,147434,147454,147468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147435,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147437,3853],{"class":63},[57,147439,68],{"class":67},[57,147441,1380],{"class":93},[57,147443,2740],{"class":1023},[57,147445,107],{"class":93},[57,147447,6227],{"class":1023},[57,147449,107],{"class":93},[57,147451,54371],{"class":1023},[57,147453,288],{"class":93},[57,147455,147456,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147457,41423],{"class":63},[57,147459,68],{"class":67},[57,147461,146071],{"class":118},[57,147463,101],{"class":93},[57,147465,3883],{"class":97},[57,147467,112],{"class":93},[57,147469,147470,147472,147474,147476],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147471,119],{"class":118},[57,147473,101],{"class":93},[57,147475,41452],{"class":97},[57,147477,112],{"class":93},[572,147479,147481],{"id":147480},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[48,147483,147485],{"className":50,"code":147484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147486,147487,147507,147515,147519,147531,147539,147543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147488,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147490,3853],{"class":63},[57,147492,68],{"class":67},[57,147494,1380],{"class":93},[57,147496,2740],{"class":1023},[57,147498,107],{"class":93},[57,147500,6227],{"class":1023},[57,147502,107],{"class":93},[57,147504,54371],{"class":1023},[57,147506,288],{"class":93},[57,147508,147509,147511,147513],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147510,41423],{"class":63},[57,147512,68],{"class":67},[57,147514,38753],{"class":1023},[57,147516,147517],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147518,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,147520,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,147522,6191],{"class":4110},[57,147524,6621],{"class":63},[57,147526,4117],{"class":4110},[57,147528,4495],{"class":63},[57,147530,6628],{"class":93},[57,147532,147533,147535,147537],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,147534,90328],{"class":63},[57,147536,90331],{"class":67},[57,147538,90334],{"class":63},[57,147540,147541],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,147542,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,147544,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,147546,119],{"class":118},[57,147548,101],{"class":93},[57,147550,41452],{"class":97},[57,147552,112],{"class":93},[20,147554,147555],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147557,2724,147558,147560],{},[15,147559,146018],{}," is often better:",[30,147562,147563,147566,147569],{},[33,147564,147565],{},"Shorter code",[33,147567,147568],{},"Easier to read",[33,147570,147571],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147573,147574],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147576,147577,147580,147583],{},[33,147578,147579],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147581,147582],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147584,147585],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147587,147588,147589,147592,147593,147595],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[293,147590,147591],{"href":40248},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147594,146018],{}," on the filtered result.",[43,147597,1673],{"id":1672},[20,147599,147600,147601,1016],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147602,146018],{},[30,147604,147605,147611,147618,147625],{},[33,147606,147607,147608],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147609,147610],{},"sum(5)",[33,147612,147613,147614,147617],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147615,147616],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147619,425,147620,147622,147623],{},[15,147621,146018],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147624,1364],{},[33,147626,147627],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147629,345,147630,147632],{},[15,147631,146018],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[48,147634,147636],{"className":50,"code":147635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147637,147638,147648,147662,147686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147641,119],{"class":118},[57,147643,101],{"class":93},[57,147645,5591],{"class":97},[57,147647,112],{"class":93},[57,147649,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147651,119],{"class":118},[57,147653,101],{"class":93},[57,147655,1257],{"class":1256},[57,147657,101],{"class":93},[57,147659,5591],{"class":97},[57,147661,640],{"class":93},[57,147663,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147665,119],{"class":118},[57,147667,3221],{"class":93},[57,147669,1257],{"class":1256},[57,147671,101],{"class":93},[57,147673,2409],{"class":97},[57,147675,3896],{"class":93},[57,147677,4111],{"class":4110},[57,147679,4114],{"class":97},[57,147681,4117],{"class":4110},[57,147683,4120],{"class":97},[57,147685,1280],{"class":93},[57,147687,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,147689,119],{"class":118},[57,147691,101],{"class":93},[57,147693,146141],{"class":118},[57,147695,3221],{"class":93},[57,147697,2423],{"class":1256},[57,147699,101],{"class":93},[57,147701,2409],{"class":97},[57,147703,3896],{"class":93},[57,147705,4111],{"class":4110},[57,147707,4114],{"class":97},[57,147709,4117],{"class":4110},[57,147711,4120],{"class":97},[57,147713,3235],{"class":93},[20,147715,136210],{},[30,147717,147718,147724,147730,147735],{},[33,147719,147720,147723],{},[15,147721,147722],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147725,147726,147729],{},[15,147727,147728],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147731,147732,136232],{},[15,147733,147734],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147736,147737,147740],{},[15,147738,147739],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[43,147742,2075],{"id":2074},[572,147744,2112,147746,5377],{"id":147745},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147747,146018],{},[20,147749,147750],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[572,147752,5402,147754,147756],{"id":147753},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147755,146018],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147758,30509,147759,3114,147762,147765],{},[15,147760,147761],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147763,147764],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[572,147767,5402,147769,147771],{"id":147768},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147770,146018],{}," work with floats?",[20,147773,147774],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[572,147776,147778,147779,2085],{"id":147777},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147780,146018],{},[20,147782,147783,147784,147786],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147785,36312],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[572,147788,5390,147790,119614,147792,2085],{"id":147789},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147791,146018],{},[15,147793,3241],{},[20,147795,147796],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[43,147798,2132],{"id":2131},[30,147800,147801,147805,147811,147817,147823,147827,147831],{},[33,147802,147803],{},[293,147804,146501],{"href":2653},[33,147806,147807],{},[293,147808,3809,147809,3742],{"href":36435},[15,147810,36438],{},[33,147812,147813],{},[293,147814,3809,147815,3742],{"href":42598},[15,147816,42601],{},[33,147818,147819],{},[293,147820,3809,147821,3742],{"href":42415},[15,147822,47920],{},[33,147824,147825],{},[293,147826,5453],{"href":40248},[33,147828,147829],{},[293,147830,3759],{"href":3197},[33,147832,147833],{},[293,147834,147412],{"href":135477},[2161,147836,147837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":147839},[147840,147841,147843,147844,147845,147847,147855,147861,147868,147874,147875,147887],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":146097,"depth":82,"text":147842},"What sum() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":146275,"depth":82,"text":147846},"Using the start value",{"id":146377,"depth":82,"text":147848,"children":147849},"What sum() can work with",[147850,147851,147852,147854],{"id":40664,"depth":115,"text":40665},{"id":52281,"depth":115,"text":146443},{"id":146504,"depth":115,"text":147853},"Values from range()",{"id":146552,"depth":115,"text":146553},{"id":146626,"depth":82,"text":147856,"children":147857},"What sum() does not work with",[147858,147859,147860],{"id":146637,"depth":115,"text":146638},{"id":146754,"depth":115,"text":146755},{"id":146812,"depth":115,"text":146813},{"id":41744,"depth":82,"text":41745,"children":147862},[147863,147864,147865,147866],{"id":6759,"depth":115,"text":6760},{"id":146948,"depth":115,"text":146949},{"id":147096,"depth":115,"text":147097},{"id":147233,"depth":115,"text":147867},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147415,"depth":82,"text":147869,"children":147870},"sum() vs manual loop",[147871,147873],{"id":147426,"depth":115,"text":147872},"Using sum()",{"id":147480,"depth":115,"text":147481},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":147876},[147877,147879,147881,147883,147885],{"id":147745,"depth":115,"text":147878},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147753,"depth":115,"text":147880},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147768,"depth":115,"text":147882},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147777,"depth":115,"text":147884},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147789,"depth":115,"text":147886},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146010,"description":147888},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147895,"title":147896,"body":147897,"description":149299,"extension":2201,"meta":149300,"navigation":217,"path":149301,"seo":149302,"stem":149303,"__hash__":149304},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147898,"toc":149267},[147899,147905,147911,147914,147977,147983,147988,147992,148009,148023,148027,148047,148061,148063,148156,148158,148172,148174,148177,148266,148268,148276,148285,148287,148291,148312,148314,148406,148408,148429,148431,148435,148449,148451,148525,148527,148546,148550,148553,148576,148578,148689,148696,148704,148706,148712,148715,148758,148761,148784,148792,148796,148871,148877,148902,148909,148912,148915,148919,148924,149012,149020,149024,149027,149052,149056,149117,149121,149170,149180,149182,149187,149190,149196,149199,149203,149207,149213,149216,149224,149232,149234,149264],[10,147900,147902,147903,18],{"id":147901},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147904,57525],{},[20,147906,147907,147910],{},[15,147908,147909],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147912,147913],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[48,147915,147917],{"className":50,"code":147916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147918,147919,147947,147965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147920,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147922,3853],{"class":63},[57,147924,68],{"class":67},[57,147926,9472],{"class":93},[57,147928,3224],{"class":1023},[57,147930,107],{"class":93},[57,147932,1024],{"class":1023},[57,147934,107],{"class":93},[57,147936,1024],{"class":1023},[57,147938,107],{"class":93},[57,147940,2686],{"class":1023},[57,147942,107],{"class":93},[57,147944,1024],{"class":1023},[57,147946,112],{"class":93},[57,147948,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,147950,2463],{"class":63},[57,147952,68],{"class":67},[57,147954,4495],{"class":63},[57,147956,94],{"class":93},[57,147958,41500],{"class":97},[57,147960,101],{"class":93},[57,147962,1931],{"class":1023},[57,147964,112],{"class":93},[57,147966,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,147968,119],{"class":118},[57,147970,101],{"class":93},[57,147972,2498],{"class":97},[57,147974,3896],{"class":93},[57,147976,51006],{"class":132},[20,147978,136,147979,147982],{},[15,147980,147981],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[43,147984,143,147986,146],{"id":147985},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147987,147909],{},[20,147989,147990,1016],{},[15,147991,147981],{},[30,147993,147994,148000,148003,148006],{},[33,147995,147996,147997,147999],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147998,2708],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,148001,148002],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,148004,148005],{},"Returns an integer",[33,148007,148008],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148010,148011,148012,148014,148015,3114,148019,94],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148013,57525],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[293,148016,148018],{"href":148017},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[293,148020,148022],{"href":148021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[43,148024,148026],{"id":148025},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[48,148028,148030],{"className":50,"code":148029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148031,148032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148033,148034,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148035,148036],{"class":63},"my_tuple",[57,148038,94],{"class":93},[57,148040,41500],{"class":97},[57,148042,101],{"class":93},[57,148044,2708],{"class":97},[57,148046,112],{"class":93},[30,148048,148049,148053,148056],{},[33,148050,148051,57690],{},[15,148052,2708],{},[33,148054,148055],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,148057,148058,148059],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148060,1277],{},[572,148062,103329],{"id":103328},[48,148064,148066],{"className":50,"code":148065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148067,148068,148108,148132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148069,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148071,13308],{"class":63},[57,148073,68],{"class":67},[57,148075,9472],{"class":93},[57,148077,104],{"class":71},[57,148079,264],{"class":75},[57,148081,104],{"class":71},[57,148083,107],{"class":93},[57,148085,72],{"class":71},[57,148087,274],{"class":75},[57,148089,104],{"class":71},[57,148091,107],{"class":93},[57,148093,72],{"class":71},[57,148095,264],{"class":75},[57,148097,104],{"class":71},[57,148099,107],{"class":93},[57,148101,72],{"class":71},[57,148103,283],{"class":75},[57,148105,104],{"class":71},[57,148107,112],{"class":93},[57,148109,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148111,119],{"class":118},[57,148113,101],{"class":93},[57,148115,17736],{"class":97},[57,148117,94],{"class":93},[57,148119,41500],{"class":97},[57,148121,101],{"class":93},[57,148123,104],{"class":71},[57,148125,264],{"class":75},[57,148127,104],{"class":71},[57,148129,5594],{"class":93},[57,148131,57880],{"class":132},[57,148133,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148135,119],{"class":118},[57,148137,101],{"class":93},[57,148139,17736],{"class":97},[57,148141,94],{"class":93},[57,148143,41500],{"class":97},[57,148145,101],{"class":93},[57,148147,104],{"class":71},[57,148149,22760],{"class":75},[57,148151,104],{"class":71},[57,148153,5594],{"class":93},[57,148155,51482],{"class":132},[20,148157,20192],{},[30,148159,148160,148165],{},[33,148161,148162,148164],{},[15,148163,65623],{}," appears 2 times",[33,148166,148167,148169,148170],{},[15,148168,110025],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148171,1277],{},[43,148173,11707],{"id":11706},[20,148175,148176],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[48,148178,148180],{"className":50,"code":148179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148181,148182,148230,148234,148256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148183,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148185,36479],{"class":63},[57,148187,68],{"class":67},[57,148189,9472],{"class":93},[57,148191,104],{"class":71},[57,148193,836],{"class":75},[57,148195,104],{"class":71},[57,148197,107],{"class":93},[57,148199,72],{"class":71},[57,148201,845],{"class":75},[57,148203,104],{"class":71},[57,148205,107],{"class":93},[57,148207,72],{"class":71},[57,148209,836],{"class":75},[57,148211,104],{"class":71},[57,148213,107],{"class":93},[57,148215,72],{"class":71},[57,148217,33461],{"class":75},[57,148219,104],{"class":71},[57,148221,107],{"class":93},[57,148223,72],{"class":71},[57,148225,836],{"class":75},[57,148227,104],{"class":71},[57,148229,112],{"class":93},[57,148231,148232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148233,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,148235,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148237,2463],{"class":63},[57,148239,68],{"class":67},[57,148241,53086],{"class":63},[57,148243,94],{"class":93},[57,148245,41500],{"class":97},[57,148247,101],{"class":93},[57,148249,104],{"class":71},[57,148251,836],{"class":75},[57,148253,104],{"class":71},[57,148255,112],{"class":93},[57,148257,148258,148260,148262,148264],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,148259,119],{"class":118},[57,148261,101],{"class":93},[57,148263,2498],{"class":97},[57,148265,112],{"class":93},[20,148267,243],{},[48,148269,148270],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,148271,148272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148273,148274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148275,46853],{"class":1023},[20,148277,148278,148280,148281,2631,148283,94],{},[15,148279,58068],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148282,57525],{},[15,148284,2299],{},[43,148286,38261],{"id":38260},[20,148288,57779,148289,128957],{},[15,148290,57525],{},[30,148292,148293,148298,148303,148306],{},[33,148294,11655,148295,148297],{},[15,148296,1277],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148299,11655,148300,148302],{},[15,148301,3224],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148304,148305],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148307,148308,148309,148311],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148310,7233],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148313,179],{},[48,148315,148317],{"className":50,"code":148316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148318,148319,148360,148364,148391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148320,148321,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148322,148323],{"class":63},"answers ",[57,148325,68],{"class":67},[57,148327,9472],{"class":93},[57,148329,104],{"class":71},[57,148331,8893],{"class":75},[57,148333,104],{"class":71},[57,148335,107],{"class":93},[57,148337,72],{"class":71},[57,148339,8833],{"class":75},[57,148341,104],{"class":71},[57,148343,107],{"class":93},[57,148345,72],{"class":71},[57,148347,8893],{"class":75},[57,148349,104],{"class":71},[57,148351,107],{"class":93},[57,148353,72],{"class":71},[57,148355,8893],{"class":75},[57,148357,104],{"class":71},[57,148359,112],{"class":93},[57,148361,148362],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148363,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,148365,148366,148368,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148367,7233],{"class":4110},[57,148369,148370],{"class":63}," answers",[57,148372,94],{"class":93},[57,148374,41500],{"class":97},[57,148376,101],{"class":93},[57,148378,104],{"class":71},[57,148380,8893],{"class":75},[57,148382,104],{"class":71},[57,148384,3896],{"class":93},[57,148386,38636],{"class":67},[57,148388,1143],{"class":1023},[57,148390,6628],{"class":93},[57,148392,148393,148395,148397,148399,148402,148404],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,148394,8304],{"class":118},[57,148396,101],{"class":93},[57,148398,104],{"class":71},[57,148400,148401],{"class":75},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[57,148403,104],{"class":71},[57,148405,112],{"class":93},[20,148407,243],{},[48,148409,148411],{"className":50,"code":148410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148412,148413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148414,148415,148418,148420,148422,148424,148427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148416,148417],{"class":63},"The answer ",[57,148419,261],{"class":71},[57,148421,8893],{"class":75},[57,148423,261],{"class":71},[57,148425,148426],{"class":63}," appears more than once",[57,148428,122606],{"class":93},[43,148430,41286],{"id":41285},[20,148432,35644,148433,104792],{},[15,148434,147909],{},[30,148436,148437,148440,148443,148446],{},[33,148438,148439],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148441,148442],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148444,148445],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148447,148448],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148450,179],{},[48,148452,148454],{"className":50,"code":148453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148455,148456,148484,148488,148510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148457,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148459,5296],{"class":63},[57,148461,68],{"class":67},[57,148463,9472],{"class":93},[57,148465,941],{"class":1023},[57,148467,107],{"class":93},[57,148469,8025],{"class":1023},[57,148471,107],{"class":93},[57,148473,6238],{"class":1023},[57,148475,107],{"class":93},[57,148477,8030],{"class":1023},[57,148479,107],{"class":93},[57,148481,6238],{"class":1023},[57,148483,112],{"class":93},[57,148485,148486],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148487,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,148489,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148491,7233],{"class":4110},[57,148493,5343],{"class":63},[57,148495,94],{"class":93},[57,148497,41500],{"class":97},[57,148499,101],{"class":93},[57,148501,941],{"class":1023},[57,148503,3896],{"class":93},[57,148505,51523],{"class":67},[57,148507,1024],{"class":1023},[57,148509,6628],{"class":93},[57,148511,148512,148514,148516,148518,148521,148523],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,148513,8304],{"class":118},[57,148515,101],{"class":93},[57,148517,104],{"class":71},[57,148519,148520],{"class":75},"The score 10 is repeated.",[57,148522,104],{"class":71},[57,148524,112],{"class":93},[20,148526,243],{},[48,148528,148530],{"className":50,"code":148529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148531,148532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148533,148534,148537,148539,148541,148544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148535,148536],{"class":63},"The score ",[57,148538,941],{"class":1023},[57,148540,8331],{"class":67},[57,148542,148543],{"class":63}," repeated",[57,148545,122606],{"class":93},[43,148547,148549],{"id":148548},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148551,148552],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148554,148555,148561,148566,148569],{},[33,148556,148557,148558,148560],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148559,57525],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148562,148563,148565],{},[15,148564,57525],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148567,148568],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148570,148571,2082,148573,148575],{},[15,148572,3224],{},[15,148574,42398],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148577,179],{},[48,148579,148581],{"className":50,"code":148580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148582,148583,148617,148621,148641,148665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148584,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148598,148600,148602,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148586,4057],{"class":63},[57,148588,68],{"class":67},[57,148590,9472],{"class":93},[57,148592,3224],{"class":1023},[57,148594,107],{"class":93},[57,148596,148597],{"class":1023}," 1.0",[57,148599,107],{"class":93},[57,148601,72],{"class":71},[57,148603,148604],{"class":75},"Cat",[57,148606,104],{"class":71},[57,148608,107],{"class":93},[57,148610,72],{"class":71},[57,148612,1296],{"class":75},[57,148614,104],{"class":71},[57,148616,112],{"class":93},[57,148618,148619],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148620,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,148622,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148624,119],{"class":118},[57,148626,101],{"class":93},[57,148628,5591],{"class":97},[57,148630,94],{"class":93},[57,148632,41500],{"class":97},[57,148634,101],{"class":93},[57,148636,3224],{"class":1023},[57,148638,5594],{"class":93},[57,148640,51329],{"class":132},[57,148642,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,148644,119],{"class":118},[57,148646,101],{"class":93},[57,148648,5591],{"class":97},[57,148650,94],{"class":93},[57,148652,41500],{"class":97},[57,148654,101],{"class":93},[57,148656,104],{"class":71},[57,148658,148604],{"class":75},[57,148660,104],{"class":71},[57,148662,5594],{"class":93},[57,148664,28018],{"class":132},[57,148666,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,148668,119],{"class":118},[57,148670,101],{"class":93},[57,148672,5591],{"class":97},[57,148674,94],{"class":93},[57,148676,41500],{"class":97},[57,148678,101],{"class":93},[57,148680,104],{"class":71},[57,148682,1296],{"class":75},[57,148684,104],{"class":71},[57,148686,5594],{"class":93},[57,148688,28018],{"class":132},[20,148690,5390,148691,5393,148694,2085],{},[15,148692,148693],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148695,1931],{},[20,148697,9021,148698,5016,148701,148703],{},[15,148699,148700],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148702,3838],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[43,148705,1673],{"id":1672},[572,148707,425,148709,148711],{"id":148708},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148710,41500],{}," without parentheses",[20,148713,148714],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[48,148716,148718],{"className":50,"code":148717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148719,148720,148744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148721,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148723,3853],{"class":63},[57,148725,68],{"class":67},[57,148727,9472],{"class":93},[57,148729,3224],{"class":1023},[57,148731,107],{"class":93},[57,148733,1024],{"class":1023},[57,148735,107],{"class":93},[57,148737,1024],{"class":1023},[57,148739,107],{"class":93},[57,148741,2686],{"class":1023},[57,148743,112],{"class":93},[57,148745,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148747,119],{"class":118},[57,148749,101],{"class":93},[57,148751,3883],{"class":97},[57,148753,94],{"class":93},[57,148755,41500],{"class":24987},[57,148757,112],{"class":93},[20,148759,148760],{},"To call the method correctly:",[48,148762,148764],{"className":50,"code":148763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148765,148766],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148767,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148769,119],{"class":118},[57,148771,101],{"class":93},[57,148773,3883],{"class":97},[57,148775,94],{"class":93},[57,148777,41500],{"class":97},[57,148779,101],{"class":93},[57,148781,1931],{"class":1023},[57,148783,640],{"class":93},[572,148785,8688,148786,8691,148788,3114,148790],{"id":58826},[15,148787,57525],{},[15,148789,3838],{},[15,148791,3909],{},[20,148793,148794,58837],{},[15,148795,57525],{},[48,148797,148799],{"className":50,"code":148798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148800,148801,148833,148855,148859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148802,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148804,36330],{"class":63},[57,148806,68],{"class":67},[57,148808,9472],{"class":93},[57,148810,104],{"class":71},[57,148812,293],{"class":75},[57,148814,104],{"class":71},[57,148816,107],{"class":93},[57,148818,72],{"class":71},[57,148820,664],{"class":75},[57,148822,104],{"class":71},[57,148824,107],{"class":93},[57,148826,72],{"class":71},[57,148828,293],{"class":75},[57,148830,104],{"class":71},[57,148832,112],{"class":93},[57,148834,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148836,2463],{"class":63},[57,148838,68],{"class":67},[57,148840,70324],{"class":63},[57,148842,94],{"class":93},[57,148844,41500],{"class":97},[57,148846,101],{"class":93},[57,148848,104],{"class":71},[57,148850,293],{"class":75},[57,148852,104],{"class":71},[57,148854,112],{"class":93},[57,148856,148857],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148858,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,148860,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,148862,119],{"class":118},[57,148864,101],{"class":93},[57,148866,2498],{"class":97},[57,148868,3896],{"class":93},[57,148870,51650],{"class":132},[20,148872,148873,148874,148876],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148875,4117],{}," is often simpler:",[48,148878,148880],{"className":50,"code":148879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148881,148882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148883,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148885,119],{"class":118},[57,148887,101],{"class":93},[57,148889,104],{"class":71},[57,148891,293],{"class":75},[57,148893,104],{"class":71},[57,148895,21409],{"class":4110},[57,148897,70324],{"class":97},[57,148899,3896],{"class":93},[57,148901,3899],{"class":132},[572,148903,37444,148905,8940,148907],{"id":148904},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148906,147909],{},[15,148908,57530],{},[20,148910,148911],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148913,148914],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[572,148916,148918],{"id":148917},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148920,148921,148923],{},[15,148922,57525],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[48,148925,148927],{"className":50,"code":148926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148928,148929,148962,148988],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148930,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148932,4304],{"class":63},[57,148934,68],{"class":67},[57,148936,9472],{"class":93},[57,148938,104],{"class":71},[57,148940,836],{"class":75},[57,148942,104],{"class":71},[57,148944,107],{"class":93},[57,148946,72],{"class":71},[57,148948,148949],{"class":75},"pineapple",[57,148951,104],{"class":71},[57,148953,107],{"class":93},[57,148955,72],{"class":71},[57,148957,836],{"class":75},[57,148959,104],{"class":71},[57,148961,112],{"class":93},[57,148963,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148981,148983,148985],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,148965,119],{"class":118},[57,148967,101],{"class":93},[57,148969,4345],{"class":97},[57,148971,94],{"class":93},[57,148973,41500],{"class":97},[57,148975,101],{"class":93},[57,148977,104],{"class":71},[57,148979,148980],{"class":75},"app",[57,148982,104],{"class":71},[57,148984,5594],{"class":93},[57,148986,148987],{"class":132},"    # 0\n",[57,148989,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,148991,119],{"class":118},[57,148993,101],{"class":93},[57,148995,4345],{"class":97},[57,148997,94],{"class":93},[57,148999,41500],{"class":97},[57,149001,101],{"class":93},[57,149003,104],{"class":71},[57,149005,836],{"class":75},[57,149007,104],{"class":71},[57,149009,5594],{"class":93},[57,149011,51650],{"class":132},[20,149013,149014,149017,149018,94],{},[15,149015,149016],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149019,1277],{},[43,149021,149023],{"id":149022},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149025,149026],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,149028,149029,149034,149043,149049],{},[33,149030,136,149031,149033],{},[15,149032,4117],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,149035,136,149036,149042],{},[293,149037,149039,149040],{"href":149038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149041,59201],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,149044,136,149045,149048],{},[15,149046,149047],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,149050,149051],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149053,46276,149054,1016],{},[15,149055,4117],{},[48,149057,149059],{"className":50,"code":149058,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149060,149061,149081,149085,149101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149062,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149064,3853],{"class":63},[57,149066,68],{"class":67},[57,149068,9472],{"class":93},[57,149070,2740],{"class":1023},[57,149072,107],{"class":93},[57,149074,6227],{"class":1023},[57,149076,107],{"class":93},[57,149078,54371],{"class":1023},[57,149080,112],{"class":93},[57,149082,149083],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149084,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,149086,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149088,119],{"class":118},[57,149090,101],{"class":93},[57,149092,2262],{"class":1023},[57,149094,21409],{"class":4110},[57,149096,4495],{"class":97},[57,149098,3896],{"class":93},[57,149100,44090],{"class":132},[57,149102,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,149104,119],{"class":118},[57,149106,101],{"class":93},[57,149108,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149110,21409],{"class":4110},[57,149112,4495],{"class":97},[57,149114,3896],{"class":93},[57,149116,44107],{"class":132},[20,149118,46276,149119,1016],{},[15,149120,59201],{},[48,149122,149124],{"className":50,"code":149123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149125,149126,149150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149127,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149129,3853],{"class":63},[57,149131,68],{"class":67},[57,149133,9472],{"class":93},[57,149135,2740],{"class":1023},[57,149137,107],{"class":93},[57,149139,6227],{"class":1023},[57,149141,107],{"class":93},[57,149143,54371],{"class":1023},[57,149145,107],{"class":93},[57,149147,6227],{"class":1023},[57,149149,112],{"class":93},[57,149151,149152,149154,149156,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166,149168],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149153,119],{"class":118},[57,149155,101],{"class":93},[57,149157,3883],{"class":97},[57,149159,94],{"class":93},[57,149161,36085],{"class":97},[57,149163,101],{"class":93},[57,149165,2262],{"class":1023},[57,149167,5594],{"class":93},[57,149169,28018],{"class":132},[20,149171,149172,149174,149175,149177,149179],{},[15,149173,57525],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10081,149176],{},[15,149178,59201],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[43,149181,2075],{"id":2074},[572,149183,2112,149185,5377],{"id":149184},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149186,147909],{},[20,149188,149189],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[572,149191,2099,149193,149195],{"id":149192},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149194,147909],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149197,149198],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[572,149200,149202],{"id":149201},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149204,12143,149205,94],{},[15,149206,1277],{},[572,149208,5402,149210,149212],{"id":149209},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149211,147909],{}," count strings?",[20,149214,149215],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[572,149217,2079,149219,2082,149221,2085],{"id":149218},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149220,147909],{},[15,149222,149223],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149225,149226,149228,149229,149231],{},[15,149227,57525],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149230,59201],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[43,149233,2132],{"id":2131},[30,149235,149236,149240,149245,149252,149260],{},[33,149237,149238],{},[293,149239,148018],{"href":148017},[33,149241,149242],{},[293,149243,149244],{"href":148021},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,149246,149247],{},[293,149248,149249,149250,742],{"href":149038},"Python tuple ",[15,149251,59201],{},[33,149253,149254],{},[293,149255,149257,149258],{"href":149256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149259,42601],{},[33,149261,149262],{},[293,149263,59189],{"href":59188},[2161,149265,149266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":149268},[149269,149271,149274,149275,149276,149277,149278,149286,149287,149298],{"id":147985,"depth":82,"text":149270},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148025,"depth":82,"text":148026,"children":149272},[149273],{"id":103328,"depth":115,"text":103329},{"id":11706,"depth":82,"text":11707},{"id":38260,"depth":82,"text":38261},{"id":41285,"depth":82,"text":41286},{"id":148548,"depth":82,"text":148549},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":149279},[149280,149282,149283,149285],{"id":148708,"depth":115,"text":149281},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58826,"depth":115,"text":59242},{"id":148904,"depth":115,"text":149284},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148917,"depth":115,"text":148918},{"id":149022,"depth":82,"text":149023},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":149288},[149289,149291,149293,149294,149296],{"id":149184,"depth":115,"text":149290},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149192,"depth":115,"text":149292},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149201,"depth":115,"text":149202},{"id":149209,"depth":115,"text":149295},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149218,"depth":115,"text":149297},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147896,"description":149299},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149306,"title":149307,"body":149308,"description":150995,"extension":2201,"meta":150996,"navigation":217,"path":150997,"seo":150998,"stem":150999,"__hash__":151000},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149309,"toc":150958},[149310,149313,149316,149325,149327,149457,149459,149520,149526,149528,149548,149552,149555,149558,149593,149595,149616,149619,149658,149660,149685,149692,149696,149699,149736,149738,149761,149764,149767,149779,149785,149789,149792,149798,149839,149841,149864,149867,149908,149910,149937,149939,149956,149958,149975,149978,149982,149985,149987,150021,150023,150070,150074,150113,150117,150120,150177,150179,150220,150226,150232,150237,150239,150276,150278,150298,150300,150333,150335,150368,150371,150375,150408,150410,150435,150438,150440,150454,150461,150463,150466,150470,150473,150508,150511,150546,150550,150553,150592,150595,150634,150638,150640,150670,150673,150680,150682,150714,150717,150749,150752,150783,150785,150802,150806,150809,150873,150875,150879,150886,150890,150893,150897,150900,150904,150907,150912,150918,150920,150955],[10,149311,149307],{"id":149312},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149314,149315],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149317,149318,149319,3114,149323,94],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[293,149320,149322],{"href":149321},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[293,149324,148018],{"href":148017},[43,149326,46],{"id":45},[48,149328,149330],{"className":50,"code":149329,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149331,149332,149352,149361,149375,149411,149415,149425,149435,149446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149333,149334,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149335,3853],{"class":63},[57,149337,68],{"class":67},[57,149339,9472],{"class":93},[57,149341,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149343,107],{"class":93},[57,149345,1024],{"class":1023},[57,149347,107],{"class":93},[57,149349,2686],{"class":1023},[57,149351,112],{"class":93},[57,149353,149354,149356,149358],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149355,125069],{"class":63},[57,149357,68],{"class":67},[57,149359,149360],{"class":93}," ()\n",[57,149362,149363,149366,149368,149370,149372],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149364,149365],{"class":63},"one_item ",[57,149367,68],{"class":67},[57,149369,9472],{"class":93},[57,149371,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149373,149374],{"class":93},",)\n",[57,149376,149377,149380,149382,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,149378,149379],{"class":63},"from_list ",[57,149381,68],{"class":67},[57,149383,149384],{"class":1256}," tuple",[57,149386,3221],{"class":93},[57,149388,104],{"class":71},[57,149390,293],{"class":75},[57,149392,104],{"class":71},[57,149394,107],{"class":93},[57,149396,72],{"class":71},[57,149398,664],{"class":75},[57,149400,104],{"class":71},[57,149402,107],{"class":93},[57,149404,72],{"class":71},[57,149406,673],{"class":75},[57,149408,104],{"class":71},[57,149410,1280],{"class":93},[57,149412,149413],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,149414,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,149416,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,149418,119],{"class":118},[57,149420,101],{"class":93},[57,149422,3883],{"class":97},[57,149424,112],{"class":93},[57,149426,149427,149429,149431,149433],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,149428,119],{"class":118},[57,149430,101],{"class":93},[57,149432,125120],{"class":97},[57,149434,112],{"class":93},[57,149436,149437,149439,149441,149444],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,149438,119],{"class":118},[57,149440,101],{"class":93},[57,149442,149443],{"class":97},"one_item",[57,149445,112],{"class":93},[57,149447,149448,149450,149452,149455],{"class":59,"line":6667},[57,149449,119],{"class":118},[57,149451,101],{"class":93},[57,149453,149454],{"class":97},"from_list",[57,149456,112],{"class":93},[20,149458,243],{},[48,149460,149462],{"className":50,"code":149461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149463,149464,149480,149484,149492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149465,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149467,101],{"class":93},[57,149469,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149471,107],{"class":93},[57,149473,1024],{"class":1023},[57,149475,107],{"class":93},[57,149477,2686],{"class":1023},[57,149479,112],{"class":93},[57,149481,149482],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149483,212],{"class":93},[57,149485,149486,149488,149490],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149487,101],{"class":93},[57,149489,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149491,149374],{"class":93},[57,149493,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,149495,101],{"class":93},[57,149497,261],{"class":71},[57,149499,293],{"class":75},[57,149501,261],{"class":71},[57,149503,107],{"class":93},[57,149505,271],{"class":71},[57,149507,664],{"class":75},[57,149509,261],{"class":71},[57,149511,107],{"class":93},[57,149513,271],{"class":71},[57,149515,673],{"class":75},[57,149517,261],{"class":71},[57,149519,112],{"class":93},[20,149521,149522,149523,94],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149524,149525],{},"(5,)",[43,149527,15395],{"id":15394},[30,149529,149530,149533,149536,149539,149542,149545],{},[33,149531,149532],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149534,149535],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149537,149538],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149540,149541],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149543,149544],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149546,149547],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[43,149549,149551],{"id":149550},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149553,149554],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149556,149557],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[48,149559,149561],{"className":50,"code":149560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149562,149563,149583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149566,3853],{"class":63},[57,149568,68],{"class":67},[57,149570,9472],{"class":93},[57,149572,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149574,107],{"class":93},[57,149576,1024],{"class":1023},[57,149578,107],{"class":93},[57,149580,2686],{"class":1023},[57,149582,112],{"class":93},[57,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149586,119],{"class":118},[57,149588,101],{"class":93},[57,149590,3883],{"class":97},[57,149592,112],{"class":93},[20,149594,243],{},[48,149596,149598],{"className":50,"code":149597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149599,149600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149603,101],{"class":93},[57,149605,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149607,107],{"class":93},[57,149609,1024],{"class":1023},[57,149611,107],{"class":93},[57,149613,2686],{"class":1023},[57,149615,112],{"class":93},[20,149617,149618],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[48,149620,149622],{"className":50,"code":149621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149623,149624,149648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149625,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149627,9401],{"class":63},[57,149629,68],{"class":67},[57,149631,9472],{"class":93},[57,149633,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149635,107],{"class":93},[57,149637,72],{"class":71},[57,149639,836],{"class":75},[57,149641,104],{"class":71},[57,149643,107],{"class":93},[57,149645,4149],{"class":4085},[57,149647,112],{"class":93},[57,149649,149650,149652,149654,149656],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149651,119],{"class":118},[57,149653,101],{"class":93},[57,149655,9440],{"class":97},[57,149657,112],{"class":93},[20,149659,243],{},[48,149661,149663],{"className":50,"code":149662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149664,149665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149666,149667,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149668,101],{"class":93},[57,149670,3224],{"class":1023},[57,149672,107],{"class":93},[57,149674,271],{"class":71},[57,149676,836],{"class":75},[57,149678,261],{"class":71},[57,149680,107],{"class":93},[57,149682,4149],{"class":4085},[57,149684,112],{"class":93},[20,149686,149687,149688,94],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[293,149689,149691],{"href":149690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[43,149693,149695],{"id":149694},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149697,149698],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[48,149700,149702],{"className":50,"code":149701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149703,149704,149712,149722],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149705,149706,149708,149710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149707,125069],{"class":63},[57,149709,68],{"class":67},[57,149711,149360],{"class":93},[57,149713,149714,149716,149718,149720],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149715,119],{"class":118},[57,149717,101],{"class":93},[57,149719,125120],{"class":97},[57,149721,112],{"class":93},[57,149723,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149725,119],{"class":118},[57,149727,101],{"class":93},[57,149729,1257],{"class":1256},[57,149731,101],{"class":93},[57,149733,125120],{"class":97},[57,149735,640],{"class":93},[20,149737,243],{},[48,149739,149741],{"className":50,"code":149740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149742,149743,149747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149744,149745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149746,212],{"class":93},[57,149748,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149750,1323],{"class":67},[57,149752,1327],{"class":1326},[57,149754,271],{"class":71},[57,149756,49189],{"class":75},[57,149758,261],{"class":71},[57,149760,1336],{"class":67},[20,149762,149763],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149765,149766],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149768,149769,149774],{},[33,149770,149771,149772],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149773,7600],{},[33,149775,149776,149777],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149778,4021],{},[20,149780,149781,149782,94],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[293,149783,149784],{"href":57388},"Python list: creating a list",[43,149786,149788],{"id":149787},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149790,149791],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149793,149794,149795,149797],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[153,149796,175],{}," automatically a tuple:",[48,149799,149801],{"className":50,"code":149800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149802,149803,149815,149825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149804,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149806,2681],{"class":63},[57,149808,68],{"class":67},[57,149810,9472],{"class":93},[57,149812,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149814,112],{"class":93},[57,149816,149817,149819,149821,149823],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149818,119],{"class":118},[57,149820,101],{"class":93},[57,149822,2708],{"class":97},[57,149824,112],{"class":93},[57,149826,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149828,119],{"class":118},[57,149830,101],{"class":93},[57,149832,1257],{"class":1256},[57,149834,101],{"class":93},[57,149836,2708],{"class":97},[57,149838,640],{"class":93},[20,149840,243],{},[48,149842,149844],{"className":50,"code":149843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149845,149846,149850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149847,149848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149849,3182],{"class":1023},[57,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149853,1323],{"class":67},[57,149855,1327],{"class":1326},[57,149857,271],{"class":71},[57,149859,2423],{"class":75},[57,149861,261],{"class":71},[57,149863,1336],{"class":67},[20,149865,149866],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[48,149868,149870],{"className":50,"code":149869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149871,149872,149884,149894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149873,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149875,149365],{"class":63},[57,149877,68],{"class":67},[57,149879,9472],{"class":93},[57,149881,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149883,149374],{"class":93},[57,149885,149886,149888,149890,149892],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149887,119],{"class":118},[57,149889,101],{"class":93},[57,149891,149443],{"class":97},[57,149893,112],{"class":93},[57,149895,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,149897,119],{"class":118},[57,149899,101],{"class":93},[57,149901,1257],{"class":1256},[57,149903,101],{"class":93},[57,149905,149443],{"class":97},[57,149907,640],{"class":93},[20,149909,243],{},[48,149911,149913],{"className":50,"code":149912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149914,149915,149923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149916,149917,149919,149921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149918,101],{"class":93},[57,149920,2372],{"class":1023},[57,149922,149374],{"class":93},[57,149924,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,149926,1323],{"class":67},[57,149928,1327],{"class":1326},[57,149930,271],{"class":71},[57,149932,49189],{"class":75},[57,149934,261],{"class":71},[57,149936,1336],{"class":67},[20,149938,16889],{},[48,149940,149942],{"className":50,"code":149941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149943,149944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149945,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149947,101],{"class":93},[57,149949,104],{"class":71},[57,149951,836],{"class":75},[57,149953,104],{"class":71},[57,149955,149374],{"class":93},[20,149957,16877],{},[48,149959,149961],{"className":50,"code":149960,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149962,149963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149964,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149966,101],{"class":93},[57,149968,104],{"class":71},[57,149970,836],{"class":75},[57,149972,104],{"class":71},[57,149974,112],{"class":93},[20,149976,149977],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[43,149979,149981],{"id":149980},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149983,149984],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[572,149986,56697],{"id":3883},[48,149988,149989],{"className":50,"code":149560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,149990,149991,150011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149994,3853],{"class":63},[57,149996,68],{"class":67},[57,149998,9472],{"class":93},[57,150000,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150002,107],{"class":93},[57,150004,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150006,107],{"class":93},[57,150008,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150010,112],{"class":93},[57,150012,150013,150015,150017,150019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150014,119],{"class":118},[57,150016,101],{"class":93},[57,150018,3883],{"class":97},[57,150020,112],{"class":93},[572,150022,56700],{"id":5541},[48,150024,150026],{"className":50,"code":150025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150027,150028,150060],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150031,13308],{"class":63},[57,150033,68],{"class":67},[57,150035,9472],{"class":93},[57,150037,104],{"class":71},[57,150039,264],{"class":75},[57,150041,104],{"class":71},[57,150043,107],{"class":93},[57,150045,72],{"class":71},[57,150047,283],{"class":75},[57,150049,104],{"class":71},[57,150051,107],{"class":93},[57,150053,72],{"class":71},[57,150055,274],{"class":75},[57,150057,104],{"class":71},[57,150059,112],{"class":93},[57,150061,150062,150064,150066,150068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150063,119],{"class":118},[57,150065,101],{"class":93},[57,150067,17736],{"class":97},[57,150069,112],{"class":93},[572,150071,150073],{"id":150072},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[48,150075,150077],{"className":50,"code":150076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150078,150079,150103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150082,59706],{"class":63},[57,150084,68],{"class":67},[57,150086,9472],{"class":93},[57,150088,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150090,107],{"class":93},[57,150092,72],{"class":71},[57,150094,836],{"class":75},[57,150096,104],{"class":71},[57,150098,107],{"class":93},[57,150100,4149],{"class":4085},[57,150102,112],{"class":93},[57,150104,150105,150107,150109,150111],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150106,119],{"class":118},[57,150108,101],{"class":93},[57,150110,59759],{"class":97},[57,150112,112],{"class":93},[572,150114,150116],{"id":150115},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150118,150119],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[48,150121,150123],{"className":50,"code":150122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150124,150125,150166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150126,150127,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150128,150129],{"class":63},"nested ",[57,150131,68],{"class":67},[57,150133,9472],{"class":93},[57,150135,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150137,107],{"class":93},[57,150139,9472],{"class":93},[57,150141,104],{"class":71},[57,150143,293],{"class":75},[57,150145,104],{"class":71},[57,150147,107],{"class":93},[57,150149,72],{"class":71},[57,150151,664],{"class":75},[57,150153,104],{"class":71},[57,150155,9469],{"class":93},[57,150157,1380],{"class":93},[57,150159,941],{"class":1023},[57,150161,107],{"class":93},[57,150163,8025],{"class":1023},[57,150165,1280],{"class":93},[57,150167,150168,150170,150172,150175],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150169,119],{"class":118},[57,150171,101],{"class":93},[57,150173,150174],{"class":97},"nested",[57,150176,112],{"class":93},[20,150178,243],{},[48,150180,150182],{"className":50,"code":150181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150183,150184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150185,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150187,101],{"class":93},[57,150189,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150191,107],{"class":93},[57,150193,9472],{"class":93},[57,150195,261],{"class":71},[57,150197,293],{"class":75},[57,150199,261],{"class":71},[57,150201,107],{"class":93},[57,150203,271],{"class":71},[57,150205,664],{"class":75},[57,150207,261],{"class":71},[57,150209,9469],{"class":93},[57,150211,1380],{"class":93},[57,150213,941],{"class":1023},[57,150215,107],{"class":93},[57,150217,8025],{"class":1023},[57,150219,1280],{"class":93},[43,150221,150223,150224],{"id":150222},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150225,38287],{},[20,150227,150228,150229,150231],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150230,38287],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150233,150234,150235,94],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[293,150236,63448],{"href":63447},[572,150238,105469],{"id":105468},[48,150240,150242],{"className":50,"code":150241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150243,150244,150266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150245,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150247,3853],{"class":63},[57,150249,68],{"class":67},[57,150251,149384],{"class":1256},[57,150253,3221],{"class":93},[57,150255,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150257,107],{"class":93},[57,150259,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150261,107],{"class":93},[57,150263,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150265,1280],{"class":93},[57,150267,150268,150270,150272,150274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150269,119],{"class":118},[57,150271,101],{"class":93},[57,150273,3883],{"class":97},[57,150275,112],{"class":93},[20,150277,243],{},[48,150279,150280],{"className":50,"code":149597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150281,150282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150283,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150285,101],{"class":93},[57,150287,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150289,107],{"class":93},[57,150291,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150293,107],{"class":93},[57,150295,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150297,112],{"class":93},[572,150299,105655],{"id":105654},[48,150301,150303],{"className":50,"code":150302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150304,150305,150323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150306,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150308,36330],{"class":63},[57,150310,68],{"class":67},[57,150312,149384],{"class":1256},[57,150314,101],{"class":93},[57,150316,104],{"class":71},[57,150318,41801],{"class":75},[57,150320,104],{"class":71},[57,150322,112],{"class":93},[57,150324,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150326,119],{"class":118},[57,150328,101],{"class":93},[57,150330,36383],{"class":97},[57,150332,112],{"class":93},[20,150334,243],{},[48,150336,150338],{"className":50,"code":150337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150339,150340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150341,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150343,101],{"class":93},[57,150345,261],{"class":71},[57,150347,293],{"class":75},[57,150349,261],{"class":71},[57,150351,107],{"class":93},[57,150353,271],{"class":71},[57,150355,664],{"class":75},[57,150357,261],{"class":71},[57,150359,107],{"class":93},[57,150361,271],{"class":71},[57,150363,673],{"class":75},[57,150365,261],{"class":71},[57,150367,112],{"class":93},[20,150369,150370],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[572,150372,150374],{"id":150373},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[48,150376,150378],{"className":50,"code":150377,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150379,150380,150398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150381,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150383,4057],{"class":63},[57,150385,68],{"class":67},[57,150387,149384],{"class":1256},[57,150389,101],{"class":93},[57,150391,60232],{"class":118},[57,150393,101],{"class":93},[57,150395,2740],{"class":1023},[57,150397,640],{"class":93},[57,150399,150400,150402,150404,150406],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150401,119],{"class":118},[57,150403,101],{"class":93},[57,150405,5591],{"class":97},[57,150407,112],{"class":93},[20,150409,243],{},[48,150411,150413],{"className":50,"code":150412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150414,150415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150416,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150418,101],{"class":93},[57,150420,1277],{"class":1023},[57,150422,107],{"class":93},[57,150424,1143],{"class":1023},[57,150426,107],{"class":93},[57,150428,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150430,107],{"class":93},[57,150432,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150434,112],{"class":93},[20,150436,150437],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[43,150439,21036],{"id":21035},[30,150441,150442,150445,150448,150451],{},[33,150443,150444],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150446,150447],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150449,150450],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150452,150453],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150455,150456,150457,94],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[293,150458,150460],{"href":150459},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[43,150462,1673],{"id":1672},[20,150464,150465],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[572,150467,150469],{"id":150468},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150471,150472],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[48,150474,150476],{"className":50,"code":150475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150477,150478,150494],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150479,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150481,28777],{"class":63},[57,150483,68],{"class":67},[57,150485,9472],{"class":93},[57,150487,104],{"class":71},[57,150489,836],{"class":75},[57,150491,104],{"class":71},[57,150493,112],{"class":93},[57,150495,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150497,119],{"class":118},[57,150499,101],{"class":93},[57,150501,1257],{"class":1256},[57,150503,101],{"class":93},[57,150505,23547],{"class":97},[57,150507,640],{"class":93},[20,150509,150510],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[48,150512,150514],{"className":50,"code":150513,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150515,150516,150532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150517,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150519,28777],{"class":63},[57,150521,68],{"class":67},[57,150523,9472],{"class":93},[57,150525,104],{"class":71},[57,150527,836],{"class":75},[57,150529,104],{"class":71},[57,150531,149374],{"class":93},[57,150533,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150535,119],{"class":118},[57,150537,101],{"class":93},[57,150539,1257],{"class":1256},[57,150541,101],{"class":93},[57,150543,23547],{"class":97},[57,150545,640],{"class":93},[572,150547,150549],{"id":150548},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150551,150552],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[48,150554,150556],{"className":50,"code":150555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150557,150558,150578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150559,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150561,4057],{"class":63},[57,150563,68],{"class":67},[57,150565,1380],{"class":93},[57,150567,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150569,107],{"class":93},[57,150571,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150573,107],{"class":93},[57,150575,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150577,288],{"class":93},[57,150579,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150581,119],{"class":118},[57,150583,101],{"class":93},[57,150585,1257],{"class":1256},[57,150587,101],{"class":93},[57,150589,5591],{"class":97},[57,150591,640],{"class":93},[20,150593,150594],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[48,150596,150598],{"className":50,"code":150597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150599,150600,150620],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150601,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150603,4057],{"class":63},[57,150605,68],{"class":67},[57,150607,9472],{"class":93},[57,150609,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150611,107],{"class":93},[57,150613,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150615,107],{"class":93},[57,150617,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150619,112],{"class":93},[57,150621,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150623,119],{"class":118},[57,150625,101],{"class":93},[57,150627,1257],{"class":1256},[57,150629,101],{"class":93},[57,150631,5591],{"class":97},[57,150633,640],{"class":93},[572,150635,150637],{"id":150636},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150639,150450],{},[48,150641,150643],{"className":50,"code":150642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150644,150645,150665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150646,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150648,3853],{"class":63},[57,150650,68],{"class":67},[57,150652,9472],{"class":93},[57,150654,3224],{"class":1023},[57,150656,107],{"class":93},[57,150658,1024],{"class":1023},[57,150660,107],{"class":93},[57,150662,2686],{"class":1023},[57,150664,112],{"class":93},[57,150666,150667],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150668,150669],{"class":132},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150671,150672],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[572,150674,37444,150676,150679],{"id":150675},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150677,150678],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150681,64874],{},[48,150683,150684],{"className":50,"code":150302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150685,150686,150704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150689,36330],{"class":63},[57,150691,68],{"class":67},[57,150693,149384],{"class":1256},[57,150695,101],{"class":93},[57,150697,104],{"class":71},[57,150699,41801],{"class":75},[57,150701,104],{"class":71},[57,150703,112],{"class":93},[57,150705,150706,150708,150710,150712],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150707,119],{"class":118},[57,150709,101],{"class":93},[57,150711,36383],{"class":97},[57,150713,112],{"class":93},[20,150715,150716],{},"gives:",[48,150718,150719],{"className":50,"code":150337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150720,150721],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150722,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150724,101],{"class":93},[57,150726,261],{"class":71},[57,150728,293],{"class":75},[57,150730,261],{"class":71},[57,150732,107],{"class":93},[57,150734,271],{"class":71},[57,150736,664],{"class":75},[57,150738,261],{"class":71},[57,150740,107],{"class":93},[57,150742,271],{"class":71},[57,150744,673],{"class":75},[57,150746,261],{"class":71},[57,150748,112],{"class":93},[20,150750,150751],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[48,150753,150755],{"className":50,"code":150754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150756,150757,150773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150758,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150760,6388],{"class":63},[57,150762,68],{"class":67},[57,150764,9472],{"class":93},[57,150766,104],{"class":71},[57,150768,41801],{"class":75},[57,150770,104],{"class":71},[57,150772,149374],{"class":93},[57,150774,150775,150777,150779,150781],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150776,119],{"class":118},[57,150778,101],{"class":93},[57,150780,38631],{"class":97},[57,150782,112],{"class":93},[20,150784,243],{},[48,150786,150788],{"className":50,"code":150787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('abc',)\n",[15,150789,150790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150791,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150793,101],{"class":93},[57,150795,261],{"class":71},[57,150797,41801],{"class":75},[57,150799,261],{"class":71},[57,150801,149374],{"class":93},[572,150803,150805],{"id":150804},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150807,150808],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[48,150810,150812],{"className":50,"code":150811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150813,150814,150831,150835,150845,150859],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150815,150816,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150817,150818],{"class":63},"my_tuple ",[57,150820,68],{"class":67},[57,150822,9472],{"class":93},[57,150824,104],{"class":71},[57,150826,836],{"class":75},[57,150828,104],{"class":71},[57,150830,149374],{"class":93},[57,150832,150833],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,150834,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,150836,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,150838,119],{"class":118},[57,150840,101],{"class":93},[57,150842,148036],{"class":97},[57,150844,112],{"class":93},[57,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,150848,119],{"class":118},[57,150850,101],{"class":93},[57,150852,1257],{"class":1256},[57,150854,101],{"class":93},[57,150856,148036],{"class":97},[57,150858,640],{"class":93},[57,150860,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,150862,119],{"class":118},[57,150864,101],{"class":93},[57,150866,2009],{"class":118},[57,150868,101],{"class":93},[57,150870,148036],{"class":97},[57,150872,640],{"class":93},[43,150874,2075],{"id":2074},[572,150876,150878],{"id":150877},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150880,150881,150882,150885],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150883,150884],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[572,150887,150889],{"id":150888},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150891,150892],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[572,150894,150896],{"id":150895},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150898,150899],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[572,150901,150903],{"id":150902},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150905,150906],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[572,150908,2112,150910,12947],{"id":150909},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150911,150678],{},[20,150913,5380,150914,150917],{},[15,150915,150916],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[43,150919,2132],{"id":2131},[30,150921,150922,150926,150930,150936,150941,150946,150950],{},[33,150923,150924],{},[293,150925,148018],{"href":148017},[33,150927,150928],{},[293,150929,149691],{"href":149690},[33,150931,150932],{},[293,150933,150935],{"href":150934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150937,150938],{},[293,150939,150940],{"href":149256},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150942,150943],{},[293,150944,150945],{"href":149321},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150947,150948],{},[293,150949,63448],{"href":63447},[33,150951,150952],{},[293,150953,150954],{"href":150459},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2161,150956,150957],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":150959},[150960,150961,150962,150963,150964,150965,150971,150977,150978,150986,150994],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":149550,"depth":82,"text":149551},{"id":149694,"depth":82,"text":149695},{"id":149787,"depth":82,"text":149788},{"id":149980,"depth":82,"text":149981,"children":150966},[150967,150968,150969,150970],{"id":3883,"depth":115,"text":56697},{"id":5541,"depth":115,"text":56700},{"id":150072,"depth":115,"text":150073},{"id":150115,"depth":115,"text":150116},{"id":150222,"depth":82,"text":150972,"children":150973},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150974,150975,150976],{"id":105468,"depth":115,"text":105469},{"id":105654,"depth":115,"text":105655},{"id":150373,"depth":115,"text":150374},{"id":21035,"depth":82,"text":21036},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":150979},[150980,150981,150982,150983,150985],{"id":150468,"depth":115,"text":150469},{"id":150548,"depth":115,"text":150549},{"id":150636,"depth":115,"text":150637},{"id":150675,"depth":115,"text":150984},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150804,"depth":115,"text":150805},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":150987},[150988,150989,150990,150991,150992],{"id":150877,"depth":115,"text":150878},{"id":150888,"depth":115,"text":150889},{"id":150895,"depth":115,"text":150896},{"id":150902,"depth":115,"text":150903},{"id":150909,"depth":115,"text":150993},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149307,"description":150995},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151002,"title":151003,"body":151004,"description":152549,"extension":2201,"meta":152550,"navigation":217,"path":152551,"seo":152552,"stem":152553,"__hash__":152554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151005,"toc":152519},[151006,151009,151014,151016,151029,151035,151037,151104,151106,151141,151146,151150,151154,151156,151167,151175,151177,151179,151200,151202,151222,151225,151227,151232,151275,151277,151299,151302,151315,151319,151323,151326,151379,151381,151402,151407,151411,151414,151459,151461,151494,151506,151510,151518,151555,151557,151586,151590,151593,151646,151648,151668,151675,151679,151684,151753,151755,151780,151784,151787,151793,151870,151872,151931,151933,151945,151950,151954,151958,151972,151974,152009,152011,152028,152031,152044,152048,152052,152063,152068,152083,152086,152089,152091,152094,152098,152100,152114,152116,152140,152145,152149,152152,152171,152174,152223,152228,152245,152248,152281,152285,152287,152338,152341,152366,152369,152392,152396,152402,152404,152439,152442,152447,152449,152453,152456,152460,152465,152469,152472,152476,152479,152483,152488,152490,152516],[10,151007,151003],{"id":151008},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151010,9358,151011,151013],{},[15,151012,38287],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151015,82813],{},[30,151017,151018,151023],{},[33,151019,151020,151022],{},[15,151021,38287],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,151024,151025,151028],{},[15,151026,151027],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151030,151031,151032,151034],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151033,38287],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[43,151036,46],{"id":45},[48,151038,151040],{"className":50,"code":151039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151041,151042,151062,151076,151080,151090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151043,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151045,3853],{"class":63},[57,151047,68],{"class":67},[57,151049,1380],{"class":93},[57,151051,3224],{"class":1023},[57,151053,107],{"class":93},[57,151055,1024],{"class":1023},[57,151057,107],{"class":93},[57,151059,2686],{"class":1023},[57,151061,288],{"class":93},[57,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151065,2463],{"class":63},[57,151067,68],{"class":67},[57,151069,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151071,101],{"class":93},[57,151073,3883],{"class":97},[57,151075,112],{"class":93},[57,151077,151078],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151079,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151083,119],{"class":118},[57,151085,101],{"class":93},[57,151087,2498],{"class":97},[57,151089,112],{"class":93},[57,151091,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,151093,119],{"class":118},[57,151095,101],{"class":93},[57,151097,1257],{"class":1256},[57,151099,101],{"class":93},[57,151101,2498],{"class":97},[57,151103,640],{"class":93},[20,151105,243],{},[48,151107,151109],{"className":50,"code":151108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151110,151111,151127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151112,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151114,101],{"class":93},[57,151116,3224],{"class":1023},[57,151118,107],{"class":93},[57,151120,1024],{"class":1023},[57,151122,107],{"class":93},[57,151124,2686],{"class":1023},[57,151126,112],{"class":93},[57,151128,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151130,1323],{"class":67},[57,151132,1327],{"class":1326},[57,151134,271],{"class":71},[57,151136,49189],{"class":75},[57,151138,261],{"class":71},[57,151140,1336],{"class":67},[20,151142,136,151143,151145],{},[15,151144,151027],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[43,151147,151149],{"id":151148},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151151,151152,63156],{},[15,151153,38287],{},[20,151155,158],{},[30,151157,151158,151161,151164],{},[33,151159,151160],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,151162,151163],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,151165,151166],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151168,151169,151170,151172,151173,94],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[293,151171,149322],{"href":149321}," or the full guide to ",[293,151174,148018],{"href":148017},[43,151176,300],{"id":299},[20,151178,26725],{},[48,151180,151182],{"className":50,"code":151181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151183,151184,151190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151185,151186,151188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151187,49189],{"class":1256},[57,151189,212],{"class":93},[57,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151193,49189],{"class":1256},[57,151195,101],{"class":93},[57,151197,3955],{"class":97},[57,151199,112],{"class":93},[20,151201,11690],{},[30,151203,151204,151207],{},[33,151205,151206],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,151208,151209,151210],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,151211,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220],{},[33,151213,5532],{},[33,151215,5541],{},[33,151217,63227],{},[33,151219,5538],{},[33,151221,7486],{},[20,151223,151224],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[43,151226,149695],{"id":149694},[20,151228,29888,151229,151231],{},[15,151230,38287],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[48,151233,151235],{"className":50,"code":151234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151236,151237,151247,151251,151261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151238,151239,151241,151243,151245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151240,125069],{"class":63},[57,151242,68],{"class":67},[57,151244,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151246,212],{"class":93},[57,151248,151249],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151250,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151252,151253,151255,151257,151259],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151254,119],{"class":118},[57,151256,101],{"class":93},[57,151258,125120],{"class":97},[57,151260,112],{"class":93},[57,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151264,119],{"class":118},[57,151266,101],{"class":93},[57,151268,1257],{"class":1256},[57,151270,101],{"class":93},[57,151272,125120],{"class":97},[57,151274,640],{"class":93},[20,151276,243],{},[48,151278,151279],{"className":50,"code":149740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151280,151281,151285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151282,151283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151284,212],{"class":93},[57,151286,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151288,1323],{"class":67},[57,151290,1327],{"class":1326},[57,151292,271],{"class":71},[57,151294,49189],{"class":75},[57,151296,261],{"class":71},[57,151298,1336],{"class":67},[20,151300,151301],{},"This is equivalent to:",[48,151303,151305],{"className":50,"code":151304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\n",[15,151306,151307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151308,151309,151311,151313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151310,125069],{"class":63},[57,151312,68],{"class":67},[57,151314,149360],{"class":93},[43,151316,151318],{"id":151317},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[572,151320,151322],{"id":151321},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151324,151325],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[48,151327,151329],{"className":50,"code":151328,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151330,151331,151351,151365,151369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151332,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151334,3853],{"class":63},[57,151336,68],{"class":67},[57,151338,1380],{"class":93},[57,151340,941],{"class":1023},[57,151342,107],{"class":93},[57,151344,8025],{"class":1023},[57,151346,107],{"class":93},[57,151348,8030],{"class":1023},[57,151350,288],{"class":93},[57,151352,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151354,2463],{"class":63},[57,151356,68],{"class":67},[57,151358,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151360,101],{"class":93},[57,151362,3883],{"class":97},[57,151364,112],{"class":93},[57,151366,151367],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151368,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151370,151371,151373,151375,151377],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151372,119],{"class":118},[57,151374,101],{"class":93},[57,151376,2498],{"class":97},[57,151378,112],{"class":93},[20,151380,243],{},[48,151382,151384],{"className":50,"code":151383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151385,151386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151387,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151389,101],{"class":93},[57,151391,941],{"class":1023},[57,151393,107],{"class":93},[57,151395,8025],{"class":1023},[57,151397,107],{"class":93},[57,151399,8030],{"class":1023},[57,151401,112],{"class":93},[20,151403,151404,151405,94],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[293,151406,105274],{"href":60289},[572,151408,151410],{"id":151409},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151412,151413],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[48,151415,151417],{"className":50,"code":151416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151418,151419,151431,151445,151449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151420,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151422,64],{"class":63},[57,151424,68],{"class":67},[57,151426,72],{"class":71},[57,151428,1296],{"class":75},[57,151430,79],{"class":71},[57,151432,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151434,2463],{"class":63},[57,151436,68],{"class":67},[57,151438,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151440,101],{"class":93},[57,151442,227],{"class":97},[57,151444,112],{"class":93},[57,151446,151447],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151448,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151452,119],{"class":118},[57,151454,101],{"class":93},[57,151456,2498],{"class":97},[57,151458,112],{"class":93},[20,151460,243],{},[48,151462,151464],{"className":50,"code":151463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151465,151466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151467,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151469,101],{"class":93},[57,151471,261],{"class":71},[57,151473,673],{"class":75},[57,151475,261],{"class":71},[57,151477,107],{"class":93},[57,151479,271],{"class":71},[57,151481,293],{"class":75},[57,151483,261],{"class":71},[57,151485,107],{"class":93},[57,151487,271],{"class":71},[57,151489,63517],{"class":75},[57,151491,261],{"class":71},[57,151493,112],{"class":93},[20,151495,151496,151497,14285,151500,151502,151503,94],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151498,151499],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[153,151501,175],{}," create ",[15,151504,151505],{},"('cat',)",[572,151507,151509],{"id":151508},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151511,151512,151514,151515,151517],{},[15,151513,36438],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151516,38287],{}," collects them all.",[48,151519,151521],{"className":50,"code":151520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151522,151523,151541,151545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151526,2463],{"class":63},[57,151528,68],{"class":67},[57,151530,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151532,101],{"class":93},[57,151534,60232],{"class":118},[57,151536,101],{"class":93},[57,151538,2372],{"class":1023},[57,151540,640],{"class":93},[57,151542,151543],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151544,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151546,151547,151549,151551,151553],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151548,119],{"class":118},[57,151550,101],{"class":93},[57,151552,2498],{"class":97},[57,151554,112],{"class":93},[20,151556,243],{},[48,151558,151560],{"className":50,"code":151559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151561,151562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151563,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151565,101],{"class":93},[57,151567,1277],{"class":1023},[57,151569,107],{"class":93},[57,151571,1143],{"class":1023},[57,151573,107],{"class":93},[57,151575,1024],{"class":1023},[57,151577,107],{"class":93},[57,151579,2686],{"class":1023},[57,151581,107],{"class":93},[57,151583,2692],{"class":1023},[57,151585,112],{"class":93},[572,151587,151589],{"id":151588},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151591,151592],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[48,151594,151596],{"className":50,"code":151595,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151597,151598,151618,151632,151636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151599,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151601,4057],{"class":63},[57,151603,68],{"class":67},[57,151605,10725],{"class":93},[57,151607,3224],{"class":1023},[57,151609,107],{"class":93},[57,151611,1024],{"class":1023},[57,151613,107],{"class":93},[57,151615,2686],{"class":1023},[57,151617,9544],{"class":93},[57,151619,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151621,2463],{"class":63},[57,151623,68],{"class":67},[57,151625,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151627,101],{"class":93},[57,151629,5591],{"class":97},[57,151631,112],{"class":93},[57,151633,151634],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151635,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151637,151638,151640,151642,151644],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151639,119],{"class":118},[57,151641,101],{"class":93},[57,151643,2498],{"class":97},[57,151645,112],{"class":93},[20,151647,243],{},[48,151649,151650],{"className":50,"code":149597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151651,151652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151653,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151655,101],{"class":93},[57,151657,3224],{"class":1023},[57,151659,107],{"class":93},[57,151661,1024],{"class":1023},[57,151663,107],{"class":93},[57,151665,2686],{"class":1023},[57,151667,112],{"class":93},[20,151669,151670,151671,94],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[293,151672,151674],{"href":151673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[572,151676,151678],{"id":151677},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151680,63770,151681,151683],{},[15,151682,38287],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[48,151685,151687],{"className":50,"code":151686,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151688,151689,151725,151739,151743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151692,13435],{"class":63},[57,151694,68],{"class":67},[57,151696,10725],{"class":93},[57,151698,104],{"class":71},[57,151700,1056],{"class":75},[57,151702,104],{"class":71},[57,151704,1016],{"class":93},[57,151706,72],{"class":71},[57,151708,13112],{"class":75},[57,151710,104],{"class":71},[57,151712,107],{"class":93},[57,151714,72],{"class":71},[57,151716,1065],{"class":75},[57,151718,104],{"class":71},[57,151720,1016],{"class":93},[57,151722,9541],{"class":1023},[57,151724,9544],{"class":93},[57,151726,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151728,2463],{"class":63},[57,151730,68],{"class":67},[57,151732,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151734,101],{"class":93},[57,151736,17541],{"class":97},[57,151738,112],{"class":93},[57,151740,151741],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151742,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151746,119],{"class":118},[57,151748,101],{"class":93},[57,151750,2498],{"class":97},[57,151752,112],{"class":93},[20,151754,30268],{},[48,151756,151758],{"className":50,"code":151757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151759,151760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151761,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151763,101],{"class":93},[57,151765,261],{"class":71},[57,151767,1056],{"class":75},[57,151769,261],{"class":71},[57,151771,107],{"class":93},[57,151773,271],{"class":71},[57,151775,1065],{"class":75},[57,151777,261],{"class":71},[57,151779,112],{"class":93},[43,151781,151783],{"id":151782},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151785,151786],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151788,151789,151792],{},[15,151790,151791],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[48,151794,151796],{"className":50,"code":151795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151797,151798,151834,151838,151852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151799,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151801,13435],{"class":63},[57,151803,68],{"class":67},[57,151805,10725],{"class":93},[57,151807,104],{"class":71},[57,151809,1056],{"class":75},[57,151811,104],{"class":71},[57,151813,1016],{"class":93},[57,151815,72],{"class":71},[57,151817,13112],{"class":75},[57,151819,104],{"class":71},[57,151821,107],{"class":93},[57,151823,72],{"class":71},[57,151825,1065],{"class":75},[57,151827,104],{"class":71},[57,151829,1016],{"class":93},[57,151831,9541],{"class":1023},[57,151833,9544],{"class":93},[57,151835,151836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151837,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,151839,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,151841,119],{"class":118},[57,151843,101],{"class":93},[57,151845,49189],{"class":1256},[57,151847,101],{"class":93},[57,151849,17541],{"class":97},[57,151851,640],{"class":93},[57,151853,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,151855,119],{"class":118},[57,151857,101],{"class":93},[57,151859,49189],{"class":1256},[57,151861,101],{"class":93},[57,151863,17541],{"class":97},[57,151865,94],{"class":93},[57,151867,8045],{"class":97},[57,151869,6524],{"class":93},[20,151871,243],{},[48,151873,151875],{"className":50,"code":151874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151876,151877,151897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151878,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151880,101],{"class":93},[57,151882,261],{"class":71},[57,151884,1056],{"class":75},[57,151886,261],{"class":71},[57,151888,107],{"class":93},[57,151890,271],{"class":71},[57,151892,1065],{"class":75},[57,151894,261],{"class":71},[57,151896,112],{"class":93},[57,151898,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,151900,5743],{"class":93},[57,151902,261],{"class":71},[57,151904,1056],{"class":75},[57,151906,261],{"class":71},[57,151908,107],{"class":93},[57,151910,271],{"class":71},[57,151912,13112],{"class":75},[57,151914,261],{"class":71},[57,151916,9469],{"class":93},[57,151918,9472],{"class":93},[57,151920,261],{"class":71},[57,151922,1065],{"class":75},[57,151924,261],{"class":71},[57,151926,107],{"class":93},[57,151928,9541],{"class":1023},[57,151930,640],{"class":93},[20,151932,18929],{},[30,151934,151935,151940],{},[33,151936,151937,151939],{},[15,151938,151791],{}," for keys",[33,151941,151942,32797],{},[15,151943,151944],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151946,151947,151948,94],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[293,151949,63780],{"href":63779},[43,151951,151953],{"id":151952},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151955,151956,18553],{},[15,151957,38287],{},[30,151959,151960,151963,151966,151969],{},[33,151961,151962],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151964,151965],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151967,151968],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151970,151971],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151973,179],{},[48,151975,151977],{"className":50,"code":151976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151978,151979,151998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151980,151981,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151982,151983],{"class":63},"coordinates ",[57,151985,68],{"class":67},[57,151987,149384],{"class":1256},[57,151989,3221],{"class":93},[57,151991,2740],{"class":1023},[57,151993,107],{"class":93},[57,151995,6227],{"class":1023},[57,151997,1280],{"class":93},[57,151999,152000,152002,152004,152007],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152001,119],{"class":118},[57,152003,101],{"class":93},[57,152005,152006],{"class":97},"coordinates",[57,152008,112],{"class":93},[20,152010,243],{},[48,152012,152014],{"className":50,"code":152013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152015,152016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152017,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152019,101],{"class":93},[57,152021,2740],{"class":1023},[57,152023,107],{"class":93},[57,152025,6227],{"class":1023},[57,152027,112],{"class":93},[20,152029,152030],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,152032,152033,152035,152038,152041],{},[33,152034,152006],{},[33,152036,152037],{},"RGB colors",[33,152039,152040],{},"dates",[33,152042,152043],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[43,152045,152047],{"id":152046},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152049,44664,152050,10835],{},[15,152051,38287],{},[30,152053,152054,152057,152060],{},[33,152055,152056],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,152058,152059],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,152061,152062],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152064,116701,152065,152067],{},[153,152066,175],{}," work:",[48,152069,152071],{"className":50,"code":152070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152072,152073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152074,152075,152077,152079,152081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152076,49189],{"class":1256},[57,152078,101],{"class":93},[57,152080,2372],{"class":1023},[57,152082,112],{"class":93},[20,152084,152085],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152087,152088],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[43,152090,115539],{"id":115538},[20,152092,152093],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[572,152095,152097],{"id":152096},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152099,3072],{},[48,152101,152102],{"className":50,"code":152070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152103,152104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152105,152106,152108,152110,152112],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152107,49189],{"class":1256},[57,152109,101],{"class":93},[57,152111,2372],{"class":1023},[57,152113,112],{"class":93},[20,152115,29919],{},[48,152117,152118],{"className":50,"code":63884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152119,152120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152121,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152123,3241],{"class":1256},[57,152125,1016],{"class":93},[57,152127,271],{"class":71},[57,152129,2423],{"class":75},[57,152131,261],{"class":71},[57,152133,24854],{"class":1256},[57,152135,8331],{"class":67},[57,152137,8334],{"class":67},[57,152139,63907],{"class":63},[20,152141,152142,152143,94],{},"If you see this, read ",[293,152144,62521],{"href":52834},[572,152146,152148],{"id":152147},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152150,152151],{},"This code:",[48,152153,152155],{"className":50,"code":152154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152156,152157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152158,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152160,49189],{"class":1256},[57,152162,101],{"class":93},[57,152164,104],{"class":71},[57,152166,1590],{"class":75},[57,152168,104],{"class":71},[57,152170,112],{"class":93},[20,152172,152173],{},"returns:",[48,152175,152177],{"className":50,"code":152176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152178,152179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152180,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152182,101],{"class":93},[57,152184,261],{"class":71},[57,152186,60672],{"class":75},[57,152188,261],{"class":71},[57,152190,107],{"class":93},[57,152192,271],{"class":71},[57,152194,60681],{"class":75},[57,152196,261],{"class":71},[57,152198,107],{"class":93},[57,152200,271],{"class":71},[57,152202,60690],{"class":75},[57,152204,261],{"class":71},[57,152206,107],{"class":93},[57,152208,271],{"class":71},[57,152210,60690],{"class":75},[57,152212,261],{"class":71},[57,152214,107],{"class":93},[57,152216,271],{"class":71},[57,152218,60707],{"class":75},[57,152220,261],{"class":71},[57,152222,112],{"class":93},[20,152224,41146,152225,152227],{},[153,152226,175],{}," return:",[48,152229,152231],{"className":50,"code":152230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('hello',)\n",[15,152232,152233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152236,101],{"class":93},[57,152238,261],{"class":71},[57,152240,1590],{"class":75},[57,152242,261],{"class":71},[57,152244,149374],{"class":93},[20,152246,152247],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[48,152249,152251],{"className":50,"code":152250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152252,152253,152270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152254,152255,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152256,152257],{"class":63},"single ",[57,152259,68],{"class":67},[57,152261,9472],{"class":93},[57,152263,104],{"class":71},[57,152265,1590],{"class":75},[57,152267,104],{"class":71},[57,152269,149374],{"class":93},[57,152271,152272,152274,152276,152279],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152273,119],{"class":118},[57,152275,101],{"class":93},[57,152277,152278],{"class":97},"single",[57,152280,112],{"class":93},[572,152282,152284],{"id":152283},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152286,152151],{},[48,152288,152290],{"className":50,"code":152289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152291,152292,152324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152293,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152295,9401],{"class":63},[57,152297,68],{"class":67},[57,152299,10725],{"class":93},[57,152301,104],{"class":71},[57,152303,293],{"class":75},[57,152305,104],{"class":71},[57,152307,1016],{"class":93},[57,152309,1143],{"class":1023},[57,152311,107],{"class":93},[57,152313,72],{"class":71},[57,152315,664],{"class":75},[57,152317,104],{"class":71},[57,152319,1016],{"class":93},[57,152321,1024],{"class":1023},[57,152323,9544],{"class":93},[57,152325,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152327,119],{"class":118},[57,152329,101],{"class":93},[57,152331,49189],{"class":1256},[57,152333,101],{"class":93},[57,152335,9440],{"class":97},[57,152337,640],{"class":93},[20,152339,152340],{},"returns only the keys:",[48,152342,152344],{"className":50,"code":152343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152345,152346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152347,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152349,101],{"class":93},[57,152351,261],{"class":71},[57,152353,293],{"class":75},[57,152355,261],{"class":71},[57,152357,107],{"class":93},[57,152359,271],{"class":71},[57,152361,664],{"class":75},[57,152363,261],{"class":71},[57,152365,112],{"class":93},[20,152367,152368],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[48,152370,152372],{"className":50,"code":152371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152373,152374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152375,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152377,119],{"class":118},[57,152379,101],{"class":93},[57,152381,49189],{"class":1256},[57,152383,101],{"class":93},[57,152385,9440],{"class":97},[57,152387,94],{"class":93},[57,152389,8045],{"class":97},[57,152391,6524],{"class":93},[572,152393,152395],{"id":152394},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152397,152398,152399,152401],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152400,38287],{}," conversion.",[20,152403,5705],{},[48,152405,152407],{"className":50,"code":152406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152408,152409,152429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152410,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152412,2681],{"class":63},[57,152414,68],{"class":67},[57,152416,9472],{"class":93},[57,152418,3224],{"class":1023},[57,152420,107],{"class":93},[57,152422,1024],{"class":1023},[57,152424,107],{"class":93},[57,152426,2686],{"class":1023},[57,152428,112],{"class":93},[57,152430,152431,152433,152435,152437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152432,119],{"class":118},[57,152434,101],{"class":93},[57,152436,2708],{"class":97},[57,152438,112],{"class":93},[20,152440,152441],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152443,25743,152444,152446],{},[15,152445,38287],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[43,152448,2075],{"id":2074},[572,152450,152452],{"id":152451},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152454,152455],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[572,152457,152459],{"id":152458},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152461,152462,152463,94],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152464,7600],{},[572,152466,152468],{"id":152467},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152470,152471],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[572,152473,152475],{"id":152474},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152477,152478],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[572,152480,152482],{"id":152481},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152484,152485,152486,94],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152487,3241],{},[43,152489,2132],{"id":2131},[30,152491,152492,152496,152500,152504,152508,152512],{},[33,152493,152494],{},[293,152495,148018],{"href":148017},[33,152497,152498],{},[293,152499,150945],{"href":149321},[33,152501,152502],{},[293,152503,105274],{"href":60289},[33,152505,152506],{},[293,152507,151674],{"href":151673},[33,152509,152510],{},[293,152511,63780],{"href":63779},[33,152513,152514],{},[293,152515,62521],{"href":52834},[2161,152517,152518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":152520},[152521,152522,152523,152524,152525,152532,152533,152534,152535,152541,152548],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":151148,"depth":82,"text":151149},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":149694,"depth":82,"text":149695},{"id":151317,"depth":82,"text":151318,"children":152526},[152527,152528,152529,152530,152531],{"id":151321,"depth":115,"text":151322},{"id":151409,"depth":115,"text":151410},{"id":151508,"depth":115,"text":151509},{"id":151588,"depth":115,"text":151589},{"id":151677,"depth":115,"text":151678},{"id":151782,"depth":82,"text":151783},{"id":151952,"depth":82,"text":151953},{"id":152046,"depth":82,"text":152047},{"id":115538,"depth":82,"text":115539,"children":152536},[152537,152538,152539,152540],{"id":152096,"depth":115,"text":152097},{"id":152147,"depth":115,"text":152148},{"id":152283,"depth":115,"text":152284},{"id":152394,"depth":115,"text":152395},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":152542},[152543,152544,152545,152546,152547],{"id":152451,"depth":115,"text":152452},{"id":152458,"depth":115,"text":152459},{"id":152467,"depth":115,"text":152468},{"id":152474,"depth":115,"text":152475},{"id":152481,"depth":115,"text":152482},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151003,"description":152549},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152556,"title":152557,"body":152558,"description":153971,"extension":2201,"meta":153972,"navigation":217,"path":153973,"seo":153974,"stem":153975,"__hash__":153976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152559,"toc":153943},[152560,152565,152570,152573,152575,152654,152660,152665,152669,152684,152686,152733,152735,152743,152751,152757,152759,152764,152784,152787,152814,152816,152840,152842,152984,152986,152990,152998,153001,153003,153080,153082,153090,153094,153098,153108,153118,153120,153125,153127,153186,153191,153193,153293,153295,153309,153314,153320,153327,153330,153332,153442,153446,153463,153465,153528,153530,153538,153550,153554,153559,153587,153590,153672,153674,153685,153687,153691,153718,153720,153722,153802,153810,153812,153867,153869,153874,153877,153881,153885,153887,153891,153895,153903,153910,153913,153915,153940],[10,152561,147902,152563,18],{"id":152562},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152564,59201],{},[20,152566,152567,152569],{},[15,152568,149223],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152571,152572],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[43,152574,46],{"id":45},[48,152576,152578],{"className":50,"code":152577,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152579,152580,152620,152642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152581,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152583,13308],{"class":63},[57,152585,68],{"class":67},[57,152587,9472],{"class":93},[57,152589,104],{"class":71},[57,152591,264],{"class":75},[57,152593,104],{"class":71},[57,152595,107],{"class":93},[57,152597,72],{"class":71},[57,152599,274],{"class":75},[57,152601,104],{"class":71},[57,152603,107],{"class":93},[57,152605,72],{"class":71},[57,152607,283],{"class":75},[57,152609,104],{"class":71},[57,152611,107],{"class":93},[57,152613,72],{"class":71},[57,152615,274],{"class":75},[57,152617,104],{"class":71},[57,152619,112],{"class":93},[57,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152623,65150],{"class":63},[57,152625,68],{"class":67},[57,152627,13354],{"class":63},[57,152629,94],{"class":93},[57,152631,36085],{"class":97},[57,152633,101],{"class":93},[57,152635,104],{"class":71},[57,152637,274],{"class":75},[57,152639,104],{"class":71},[57,152641,112],{"class":93},[57,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,152645,119],{"class":118},[57,152647,101],{"class":93},[57,152649,65177],{"class":97},[57,152651,3896],{"class":93},[57,152653,28018],{"class":132},[20,152655,152656,152659],{},[15,152657,152658],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[43,152661,143,152663,146],{"id":152662},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152664,149223],{},[20,152666,2218,152667,11644],{},[15,152668,59201],{},[30,152670,152671,152674,152676,152679],{},[33,152672,152673],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152675,128685],{},[33,152677,152678],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152680,152681,152682],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152683,1277],{},[20,152685,179],{},[48,152687,152689],{"className":50,"code":152688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152690,152691,152715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152692,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152694,3853],{"class":63},[57,152696,68],{"class":67},[57,152698,9472],{"class":93},[57,152700,941],{"class":1023},[57,152702,107],{"class":93},[57,152704,8025],{"class":1023},[57,152706,107],{"class":93},[57,152708,8030],{"class":1023},[57,152710,107],{"class":93},[57,152712,8025],{"class":1023},[57,152714,112],{"class":93},[57,152716,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152718,119],{"class":118},[57,152720,101],{"class":93},[57,152722,3883],{"class":97},[57,152724,94],{"class":93},[57,152726,36085],{"class":97},[57,152728,101],{"class":93},[57,152730,15987],{"class":1023},[57,152732,640],{"class":93},[20,152734,243],{},[48,152736,152737],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152738,152739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152740,152741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152742,47153],{"class":1023},[20,152744,21213,152745,152747,152748,152750],{},[15,152746,15987],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152749,59201],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152752,151169,152753,94],{},[293,152754,152756],{"href":152755},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[43,152758,300],{"id":299},[20,152760,7997,152761,152763],{},[15,152762,59201],{}," in two ways:",[48,152765,152767],{"className":50,"code":152766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152768,152769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152770,152771,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152772,152773],{"class":63},"tuple_name",[57,152775,94],{"class":93},[57,152777,36085],{"class":97},[57,152779,101],{"class":93},[57,152781,2708],{"class":97},[57,152783,112],{"class":93},[20,152785,152786],{},"or:",[48,152788,152790],{"className":50,"code":152789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152791,152792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152793,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152795,152773],{"class":63},[57,152797,94],{"class":93},[57,152799,36085],{"class":97},[57,152801,101],{"class":93},[57,152803,2708],{"class":97},[57,152805,107],{"class":93},[57,152807,36291],{"class":97},[57,152809,107],{"class":93},[57,152811,65271],{"class":97},[57,152813,112],{"class":93},[572,152815,17629],{"id":17628},[30,152817,152818,152823,152828,152833],{},[33,152819,152820,152822],{},[15,152821,2708],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152824,152825,152827],{},[15,152826,36312],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152829,152830,152832],{},[15,152831,52895],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152834,152835,5016,152837,152839],{},[15,152836,52895],{},[153,152838,65300],{}," in the search",[20,152841,179],{},[48,152843,152845],{"className":50,"code":152844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152846,152847,152895,152899,152924,152952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152848,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152850,36330],{"class":63},[57,152852,68],{"class":67},[57,152854,9472],{"class":93},[57,152856,104],{"class":71},[57,152858,293],{"class":75},[57,152860,104],{"class":71},[57,152862,107],{"class":93},[57,152864,72],{"class":71},[57,152866,664],{"class":75},[57,152868,104],{"class":71},[57,152870,107],{"class":93},[57,152872,72],{"class":71},[57,152874,673],{"class":75},[57,152876,104],{"class":71},[57,152878,107],{"class":93},[57,152880,72],{"class":71},[57,152882,664],{"class":75},[57,152884,104],{"class":71},[57,152886,107],{"class":93},[57,152888,72],{"class":71},[57,152890,19002],{"class":75},[57,152892,104],{"class":71},[57,152894,112],{"class":93},[57,152896,152897],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,152898,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,152900,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,152902,119],{"class":118},[57,152904,101],{"class":93},[57,152906,36383],{"class":97},[57,152908,94],{"class":93},[57,152910,36085],{"class":97},[57,152912,101],{"class":93},[57,152914,104],{"class":71},[57,152916,664],{"class":75},[57,152918,104],{"class":71},[57,152920,5594],{"class":93},[57,152922,152923],{"class":132},"        # 1\n",[57,152925,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,152927,119],{"class":118},[57,152929,101],{"class":93},[57,152931,36383],{"class":97},[57,152933,94],{"class":93},[57,152935,36085],{"class":97},[57,152937,101],{"class":93},[57,152939,104],{"class":71},[57,152941,664],{"class":75},[57,152943,104],{"class":71},[57,152945,107],{"class":93},[57,152947,1024],{"class":1023},[57,152949,5594],{"class":93},[57,152951,51154],{"class":132},[57,152953,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,152955,119],{"class":118},[57,152957,101],{"class":93},[57,152959,36383],{"class":97},[57,152961,94],{"class":93},[57,152963,36085],{"class":97},[57,152965,101],{"class":93},[57,152967,104],{"class":71},[57,152969,664],{"class":75},[57,152971,104],{"class":71},[57,152973,107],{"class":93},[57,152975,1143],{"class":1023},[57,152977,107],{"class":93},[57,152979,2686],{"class":1023},[57,152981,5594],{"class":93},[57,152983,28018],{"class":132},[43,152985,103601],{"id":103600},[20,152987,152988,25746],{},[15,152989,149223],{},[30,152991,152992,152995],{},[33,152993,152994],{},"An integer",[33,152996,152997],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152999,153000],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153002,179],{},[48,153004,153006],{"className":50,"code":153005,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153007,153008,153048,153070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153009,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153011,108700],{"class":63},[57,153013,68],{"class":67},[57,153015,9472],{"class":93},[57,153017,104],{"class":71},[57,153019,1296],{"class":75},[57,153021,104],{"class":71},[57,153023,107],{"class":93},[57,153025,72],{"class":71},[57,153027,1305],{"class":75},[57,153029,104],{"class":71},[57,153031,107],{"class":93},[57,153033,72],{"class":71},[57,153035,1314],{"class":75},[57,153037,104],{"class":71},[57,153039,107],{"class":93},[57,153041,72],{"class":71},[57,153043,1305],{"class":75},[57,153045,104],{"class":71},[57,153047,112],{"class":93},[57,153049,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153051,2463],{"class":63},[57,153053,68],{"class":67},[57,153055,108743],{"class":63},[57,153057,94],{"class":93},[57,153059,36085],{"class":97},[57,153061,101],{"class":93},[57,153063,104],{"class":71},[57,153065,1305],{"class":75},[57,153067,104],{"class":71},[57,153069,112],{"class":93},[57,153071,153072,153074,153076,153078],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153073,119],{"class":118},[57,153075,101],{"class":93},[57,153077,2498],{"class":97},[57,153079,112],{"class":93},[20,153081,243],{},[48,153083,153084],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,153085,153086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153087,153088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153089,47153],{"class":1023},[43,153091,153093],{"id":153092},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153095,136,153096,10835],{},[15,153097,149223],{},[30,153099,153100,153102,153105],{},[33,153101,66329],{},[33,153103,153104],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,153106,153107],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153109,153110,153111,153114,153115,94],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153112,153113],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[293,153116,149691],{"href":153117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[43,153119,65861],{"id":65860},[20,153121,153122,153123,94],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153124,40944],{},[20,153126,179],{},[48,153128,153130],{"className":50,"code":153129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153131,153132,153164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153133,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153135,13308],{"class":63},[57,153137,68],{"class":67},[57,153139,9472],{"class":93},[57,153141,104],{"class":71},[57,153143,264],{"class":75},[57,153145,104],{"class":71},[57,153147,107],{"class":93},[57,153149,72],{"class":71},[57,153151,274],{"class":75},[57,153153,104],{"class":71},[57,153155,107],{"class":93},[57,153157,72],{"class":71},[57,153159,283],{"class":75},[57,153161,104],{"class":71},[57,153163,112],{"class":93},[57,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153167,119],{"class":118},[57,153169,101],{"class":93},[57,153171,17736],{"class":97},[57,153173,94],{"class":93},[57,153175,36085],{"class":97},[57,153177,101],{"class":93},[57,153179,104],{"class":71},[57,153181,22760],{"class":75},[57,153183,104],{"class":71},[57,153185,640],{"class":93},[20,153187,39894,153188,153190],{},[15,153189,110025],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153192,65936],{},[48,153194,153196],{"className":50,"code":153195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153197,153198,153230,153234,153250,153272,153278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153199,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153201,13308],{"class":63},[57,153203,68],{"class":67},[57,153205,9472],{"class":93},[57,153207,104],{"class":71},[57,153209,264],{"class":75},[57,153211,104],{"class":71},[57,153213,107],{"class":93},[57,153215,72],{"class":71},[57,153217,274],{"class":75},[57,153219,104],{"class":71},[57,153221,107],{"class":93},[57,153223,72],{"class":71},[57,153225,283],{"class":75},[57,153227,104],{"class":71},[57,153229,112],{"class":93},[57,153231,153232],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153233,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,153235,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153237,7233],{"class":4110},[57,153239,72],{"class":71},[57,153241,22760],{"class":75},[57,153243,104],{"class":71},[57,153245,21409],{"class":67},[57,153247,13354],{"class":63},[57,153249,6628],{"class":93},[57,153251,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,153253,8304],{"class":118},[57,153255,101],{"class":93},[57,153257,17736],{"class":97},[57,153259,94],{"class":93},[57,153261,36085],{"class":97},[57,153263,101],{"class":93},[57,153265,104],{"class":71},[57,153267,22760],{"class":75},[57,153269,104],{"class":71},[57,153271,640],{"class":93},[57,153273,153274,153276],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,153275,27672],{"class":4110},[57,153277,6628],{"class":93},[57,153279,153280,153282,153284,153286,153289,153291],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,153281,8304],{"class":118},[57,153283,101],{"class":93},[57,153285,104],{"class":71},[57,153287,153288],{"class":75},"Value not found",[57,153290,104],{"class":71},[57,153292,112],{"class":93},[20,153294,243],{},[48,153296,153298],{"className":50,"code":153297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Value not found\n",[15,153299,153300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153301,153302,153305,153307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153303,153304],{"class":63},"Value ",[57,153306,175],{"class":67},[57,153308,66060],{"class":63},[20,153310,153311,153312,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[293,153313,66070],{"href":66069},[43,153315,425,153316,2082,153318],{"id":65637},[15,153317,36312],{},[15,153319,52895],{},[20,153321,2218,153322,2082,153324,153326],{},[15,153323,36312],{},[15,153325,52895],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153328,153329],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153331,179],{},[48,153333,153335],{"className":50,"code":153334,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153336,153337,153365,153369,153390,153414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153338,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153340,4057],{"class":63},[57,153342,68],{"class":67},[57,153344,9472],{"class":93},[57,153346,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153348,107],{"class":93},[57,153350,6238],{"class":1023},[57,153352,107],{"class":93},[57,153354,4838],{"class":1023},[57,153356,107],{"class":93},[57,153358,8025],{"class":1023},[57,153360,107],{"class":93},[57,153362,4838],{"class":1023},[57,153364,112],{"class":93},[57,153366,153367],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153368,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,153370,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153372,119],{"class":118},[57,153374,101],{"class":93},[57,153376,5591],{"class":97},[57,153378,94],{"class":93},[57,153380,36085],{"class":97},[57,153382,101],{"class":93},[57,153384,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153386,5594],{"class":93},[57,153388,153389],{"class":132},"        # 0\n",[57,153391,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,153393,119],{"class":118},[57,153395,101],{"class":93},[57,153397,5591],{"class":97},[57,153399,94],{"class":93},[57,153401,36085],{"class":97},[57,153403,101],{"class":93},[57,153405,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153407,107],{"class":93},[57,153409,1143],{"class":1023},[57,153411,5594],{"class":93},[57,153413,51188],{"class":132},[57,153415,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,153417,119],{"class":118},[57,153419,101],{"class":93},[57,153421,5591],{"class":97},[57,153423,94],{"class":93},[57,153425,36085],{"class":97},[57,153427,101],{"class":93},[57,153429,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153431,107],{"class":93},[57,153433,2686],{"class":1023},[57,153435,107],{"class":93},[57,153437,4838],{"class":1023},[57,153439,5594],{"class":93},[57,153441,51171],{"class":132},[572,153443,153445],{"id":153444},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153447,153448,153453,153458],{},[33,153449,153450,153452],{},[15,153451,36312],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153454,153455,153457],{},[15,153456,52895],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153459,2218,153460,153462],{},[15,153461,52895],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153464,179],{},[48,153466,153468],{"className":50,"code":153467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153469,153470,153498,153502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153471,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153473,4057],{"class":63},[57,153475,68],{"class":67},[57,153477,9472],{"class":93},[57,153479,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153481,107],{"class":93},[57,153483,6238],{"class":1023},[57,153485,107],{"class":93},[57,153487,4838],{"class":1023},[57,153489,107],{"class":93},[57,153491,8025],{"class":1023},[57,153493,107],{"class":93},[57,153495,4838],{"class":1023},[57,153497,112],{"class":93},[57,153499,153500],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153501,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,153503,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153505,119],{"class":118},[57,153507,101],{"class":93},[57,153509,5591],{"class":97},[57,153511,94],{"class":93},[57,153513,36085],{"class":97},[57,153515,101],{"class":93},[57,153517,2372],{"class":1023},[57,153519,107],{"class":93},[57,153521,1143],{"class":1023},[57,153523,107],{"class":93},[57,153525,2692],{"class":1023},[57,153527,640],{"class":93},[20,153529,243],{},[48,153531,153532],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,153533,153534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153535,153536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153537,17290],{"class":1023},[20,153539,153540,153541,754,153543,17306,153545,153547,153548,94],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153542,3224],{},[15,153544,1931],{},[15,153546,2299],{},", but not ",[15,153549,2740],{},[43,153551,153553],{"id":153552},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153555,153556,153557,1016],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153558,149223],{},[30,153560,153561,153569,153574,153581],{},[33,153562,153563,153564,153566,153567],{},"Do not confuse the ",[153,153565,2708],{}," with the ",[153,153568,36085],{},[33,153570,153571,153572],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153573,1277],{},[33,153575,136,153576,153580],{},[293,153577,149249,153578,742],{"href":149301},[15,153579,57525],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153582,153583,153584,153586],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153585,153113],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153588,153589],{},"Example of value vs index:",[48,153591,153593],{"className":50,"code":153592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153594,153595,153627,153631,153655],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153596,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153598,36479],{"class":63},[57,153600,68],{"class":67},[57,153602,9472],{"class":93},[57,153604,104],{"class":71},[57,153606,836],{"class":75},[57,153608,104],{"class":71},[57,153610,107],{"class":93},[57,153612,72],{"class":71},[57,153614,845],{"class":75},[57,153616,104],{"class":71},[57,153618,107],{"class":93},[57,153620,72],{"class":71},[57,153622,33461],{"class":75},[57,153624,104],{"class":71},[57,153626,112],{"class":93},[57,153628,153629],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153630,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,153632,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153634,119],{"class":118},[57,153636,101],{"class":93},[57,153638,36531],{"class":97},[57,153640,94],{"class":93},[57,153642,36085],{"class":97},[57,153644,101],{"class":93},[57,153646,104],{"class":71},[57,153648,845],{"class":75},[57,153650,104],{"class":71},[57,153652,5594],{"class":93},[57,153654,28018],{"class":132},[57,153656,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,153658,119],{"class":118},[57,153660,101],{"class":93},[57,153662,36531],{"class":97},[57,153664,258],{"class":93},[57,153666,3224],{"class":1023},[57,153668,20681],{"class":93},[57,153670,153671],{"class":132},"               # banana\n",[20,153673,1081],{},[30,153675,153676,153680],{},[33,153677,153678,15479],{},[15,153679,65505],{},[33,153681,153682,153684],{},[15,153683,3224],{}," is the index",[43,153686,1673],{"id":1672},[20,153688,106339,153689,1016],{},[15,153690,149223],{},[30,153692,153693,153696,153701,153706,153713],{},[33,153694,153695],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153697,8688,153698,153700],{},[15,153699,59201],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153702,153703,153704],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153705,1277],{},[33,153707,153708,153709,2082,153711],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153710,36312],{},[15,153712,52895],{},[33,153714,37444,153715,153717],{},[15,153716,149223],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[572,153719,1944],{"id":1943},[20,153721,94601],{},[48,153723,153725],{"className":50,"code":153724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153726,153727,153737,153751,153766,153784],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153730,119],{"class":118},[57,153732,101],{"class":93},[57,153734,148036],{"class":97},[57,153736,112],{"class":93},[57,153738,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153740,119],{"class":118},[57,153742,101],{"class":93},[57,153744,2009],{"class":118},[57,153746,101],{"class":93},[57,153748,148036],{"class":97},[57,153750,640],{"class":93},[57,153752,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153764],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153754,119],{"class":118},[57,153756,101],{"class":93},[57,153758,2681],{"class":97},[57,153760,4117],{"class":4110},[57,153762,153763],{"class":97}," my_tuple",[57,153765,112],{"class":93},[57,153767,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,153769,119],{"class":118},[57,153771,101],{"class":93},[57,153773,148036],{"class":97},[57,153775,94],{"class":93},[57,153777,41500],{"class":97},[57,153779,101],{"class":93},[57,153781,2708],{"class":97},[57,153783,640],{"class":93},[57,153785,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,153787,119],{"class":118},[57,153789,101],{"class":93},[57,153791,148036],{"class":97},[57,153793,94],{"class":93},[57,153795,36085],{"class":97},[57,153797,101],{"class":93},[57,153799,2708],{"class":97},[57,153801,640],{"class":93},[20,153803,153804,153805,84620,153807,153809],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153806,40944],{},[15,153808,2708],{}," is missing.",[20,153811,129836],{},[48,153813,153815],{"className":50,"code":153814,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153816,153817,153829,153847,153853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153818,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153820,7233],{"class":4110},[57,153822,21820],{"class":63},[57,153824,4117],{"class":67},[57,153826,153763],{"class":63},[57,153828,6628],{"class":93},[57,153830,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,153832,8304],{"class":118},[57,153834,101],{"class":93},[57,153836,148036],{"class":97},[57,153838,94],{"class":93},[57,153840,36085],{"class":97},[57,153842,101],{"class":93},[57,153844,2708],{"class":97},[57,153846,640],{"class":93},[57,153848,153849,153851],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,153850,27672],{"class":4110},[57,153852,6628],{"class":93},[57,153854,153855,153857,153859,153861,153863,153865],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,153856,8304],{"class":118},[57,153858,101],{"class":93},[57,153860,104],{"class":71},[57,153862,153288],{"class":75},[57,153864,104],{"class":71},[57,153866,112],{"class":93},[43,153868,2075],{"id":2074},[572,153870,2112,153872,12947],{"id":153871},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153873,149223],{},[20,153875,153876],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[572,153878,153880],{"id":153879},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153882,153883,152750],{},[15,153884,149223],{},[572,153886,149202],{"id":149201},[20,153888,77084,153889,94],{},[15,153890,40944],{},[572,153892,153894],{"id":153893},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153896,153897,153898,2082,153900,153902],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153899,36312],{},[15,153901,52895],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[572,153904,15135,153906,57440,153908,2085],{"id":153905},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153907,149223],{},[15,153909,65096],{},[20,153911,153912],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[43,153914,2132],{"id":2131},[30,153916,153917,153923,153927,153932,153936],{},[33,153918,153919],{},[293,153920,149249,153921,742],{"href":149301},[15,153922,57525],{},[33,153924,153925],{},[293,153926,149691],{"href":153117},[33,153928,153929],{},[293,153930,153931],{"href":150997},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153933,153934],{},[293,153935,66070],{"href":66069},[33,153937,153938],{},[293,153939,150945],{"href":152755},[2161,153941,153942],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":153944},[153945,153946,153948,153951,153952,153953,153954,153957,153958,153961,153970],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":152662,"depth":82,"text":153947},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300,"children":153949},[153950],{"id":17628,"depth":115,"text":17629},{"id":103600,"depth":82,"text":103601},{"id":153092,"depth":82,"text":153093},{"id":65860,"depth":82,"text":65861},{"id":65637,"depth":82,"text":66420,"children":153955},[153956],{"id":153444,"depth":115,"text":153445},{"id":153552,"depth":82,"text":153553},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673,"children":153959},[153960],{"id":1943,"depth":115,"text":1944},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":153962},[153963,153965,153966,153967,153968],{"id":153871,"depth":115,"text":153964},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153879,"depth":115,"text":153880},{"id":149201,"depth":115,"text":149202},{"id":153893,"depth":115,"text":153894},{"id":153905,"depth":115,"text":153969},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152557,"description":153971},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153978,"title":153979,"body":153980,"description":155375,"extension":2201,"meta":155376,"navigation":217,"path":153117,"seo":155377,"stem":155378,"__hash__":155379},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153981,"toc":155357},[153982,153985,153988,153991,154005,154007,154010,154104,154114,154120,154124,154127,154130,154132,154150,154152,154223,154225,154242,154246,154250,154253,154270,154273,154288,154290,154381,154384,154388,154391,154408,154410,154505,154508,154511,154515,154518,154612,154614,154633,154636,154640,154643,154645,154700,154702,154737,154740,154754,154762,154855,154864,154868,154871,154878,154881,154928,154930,154938,154941,154992,154994,155011,155016,155020,155023,155026,155028,155079,155082,155137,155140,155143,155145,155148,155168,155170,155243,155246,155259,155261,155265,155270,155274,155279,155296,155300,155303,155320,155324,155327,155329,155354],[10,153983,153979],{"id":153984},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153986,153987],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153989,153990],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153992,153993,153996,153999,154002],{},[33,153994,153995],{},"positive indexes",[33,153997,153998],{},"negative indexes",[33,154000,154001],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,154003,154004],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[43,154006,3843],{"id":3842},[20,154008,154009],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[48,154011,154013],{"className":50,"code":154012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154014,154015,154047,154051,154068,154085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154016,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154018,13308],{"class":63},[57,154020,68],{"class":67},[57,154022,9472],{"class":93},[57,154024,104],{"class":71},[57,154026,264],{"class":75},[57,154028,104],{"class":71},[57,154030,107],{"class":93},[57,154032,72],{"class":71},[57,154034,283],{"class":75},[57,154036,104],{"class":71},[57,154038,107],{"class":93},[57,154040,72],{"class":71},[57,154042,274],{"class":75},[57,154044,104],{"class":71},[57,154046,112],{"class":93},[57,154048,154049],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154050,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154052,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154054,119],{"class":118},[57,154056,101],{"class":93},[57,154058,17736],{"class":97},[57,154060,258],{"class":93},[57,154062,1277],{"class":1023},[57,154064,20681],{"class":93},[57,154066,154067],{"class":132},"   # red\n",[57,154069,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154071,119],{"class":118},[57,154073,101],{"class":93},[57,154075,17736],{"class":97},[57,154077,258],{"class":93},[57,154079,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154081,20681],{"class":93},[57,154083,154084],{"class":132},"   # green\n",[57,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154088,119],{"class":118},[57,154090,101],{"class":93},[57,154092,17736],{"class":97},[57,154094,258],{"class":93},[57,154096,1415],{"class":67},[57,154098,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154100,20681],{"class":93},[57,154102,154103],{"class":132},"  # blue\n",[30,154105,154106,154111],{},[33,154107,132621,154108,154110],{},[15,154109,1277],{}," is the first item.",[33,154112,154113],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154115,154116,154117,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[293,154118,154119],{"href":148021},"how to create a tuple in Python",[43,154121,154123],{"id":154122},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154125,154126],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154128,154129],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154131,11690],{},[30,154133,154134,154137,154144,154147],{},[33,154135,154136],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,154138,154139,154140,19198,154142],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154141,1277],{},[15,154143,3224],{},[33,154145,154146],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,154148,154149],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154151,179],{},[48,154153,154155],{"className":50,"code":154154,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154156,154157,154177,154181,154195,154209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154160,3853],{"class":63},[57,154162,68],{"class":67},[57,154164,9472],{"class":93},[57,154166,941],{"class":1023},[57,154168,107],{"class":93},[57,154170,8025],{"class":1023},[57,154172,107],{"class":93},[57,154174,8030],{"class":1023},[57,154176,112],{"class":93},[57,154178,154179],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154180,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154182,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154184,119],{"class":118},[57,154186,101],{"class":93},[57,154188,3883],{"class":97},[57,154190,258],{"class":93},[57,154192,1277],{"class":1023},[57,154194,1280],{"class":93},[57,154196,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154198,119],{"class":118},[57,154200,101],{"class":93},[57,154202,3883],{"class":97},[57,154204,258],{"class":93},[57,154206,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154208,1280],{"class":93},[57,154210,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154212,119],{"class":118},[57,154214,101],{"class":93},[57,154216,3883],{"class":97},[57,154218,258],{"class":93},[57,154220,1931],{"class":1023},[57,154222,1280],{"class":93},[20,154224,243],{},[48,154226,154228],{"className":50,"code":154227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154229,154230,154234,154238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154231,154232],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154233,2610],{"class":1023},[57,154235,154236],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154237,71451],{"class":1023},[57,154239,154240],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154241,70068],{"class":1023},[20,154243,59626,154244,94],{},[293,154245,148018],{"href":148017},[43,154247,154249],{"id":154248},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154251,154252],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,154254,154255,154260,154265],{},[33,154256,154257,154259],{},[15,154258,1277],{}," = first item",[33,154261,154262,154264],{},[15,154263,3224],{}," = second item",[33,154266,154267,154269],{},[15,154268,1931],{}," = third item",[20,154271,154272],{},"Pattern:",[48,154274,154276],{"className":50,"code":154275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154277,154278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154281,152773],{"class":63},[57,154283,258],{"class":93},[57,154285,36085],{"class":63},[57,154287,288],{"class":93},[20,154289,179],{},[48,154291,154293],{"className":50,"code":154292,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154294,154295,154327,154331,154348,154364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154296,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154298,36479],{"class":63},[57,154300,68],{"class":67},[57,154302,9472],{"class":93},[57,154304,104],{"class":71},[57,154306,836],{"class":75},[57,154308,104],{"class":71},[57,154310,107],{"class":93},[57,154312,72],{"class":71},[57,154314,845],{"class":75},[57,154316,104],{"class":71},[57,154318,107],{"class":93},[57,154320,72],{"class":71},[57,154322,854],{"class":75},[57,154324,104],{"class":71},[57,154326,112],{"class":93},[57,154328,154329],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154330,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154332,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154334,119],{"class":118},[57,154336,101],{"class":93},[57,154338,36531],{"class":97},[57,154340,258],{"class":93},[57,154342,1277],{"class":1023},[57,154344,20681],{"class":93},[57,154346,154347],{"class":132},"  # apple\n",[57,154349,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154351,119],{"class":118},[57,154353,101],{"class":93},[57,154355,36531],{"class":97},[57,154357,258],{"class":93},[57,154359,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154361,20681],{"class":93},[57,154363,51721],{"class":132},[57,154365,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154367,119],{"class":118},[57,154369,101],{"class":93},[57,154371,36531],{"class":97},[57,154373,258],{"class":93},[57,154375,1931],{"class":1023},[57,154377,20681],{"class":93},[57,154379,154380],{"class":132},"  # cherry\n",[20,154382,154383],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[43,154385,154387],{"id":154386},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154389,154390],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154392,154393,154398,154403],{},[33,154394,154395,154397],{},[15,154396,66085],{}," = last item",[33,154399,154400,154402],{},[15,154401,95631],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154404,154405,154407],{},[15,154406,47907],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154409,179],{},[48,154411,154413],{"className":50,"code":154412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154414,154415,154447,154451,154469,154487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154416,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154418,36479],{"class":63},[57,154420,68],{"class":67},[57,154422,9472],{"class":93},[57,154424,104],{"class":71},[57,154426,836],{"class":75},[57,154428,104],{"class":71},[57,154430,107],{"class":93},[57,154432,72],{"class":71},[57,154434,845],{"class":75},[57,154436,104],{"class":71},[57,154438,107],{"class":93},[57,154440,72],{"class":71},[57,154442,854],{"class":75},[57,154444,104],{"class":71},[57,154446,112],{"class":93},[57,154448,154449],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154450,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154452,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154454,119],{"class":118},[57,154456,101],{"class":93},[57,154458,36531],{"class":97},[57,154460,258],{"class":93},[57,154462,1415],{"class":67},[57,154464,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154466,20681],{"class":93},[57,154468,154380],{"class":132},[57,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154472,119],{"class":118},[57,154474,101],{"class":93},[57,154476,36531],{"class":97},[57,154478,258],{"class":93},[57,154480,1415],{"class":67},[57,154482,1931],{"class":1023},[57,154484,20681],{"class":93},[57,154486,51721],{"class":132},[57,154488,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154490,119],{"class":118},[57,154492,101],{"class":93},[57,154494,36531],{"class":97},[57,154496,258],{"class":93},[57,154498,1415],{"class":67},[57,154500,2299],{"class":1023},[57,154502,20681],{"class":93},[57,154504,154347],{"class":132},[20,154506,154507],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154509,154510],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[43,154512,154514],{"id":154513},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154516,154517],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[48,154519,154521],{"className":50,"code":154520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154522,154523,154555,154559,154576,154593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154526,5227],{"class":63},[57,154528,68],{"class":67},[57,154530,9472],{"class":93},[57,154532,104],{"class":71},[57,154534,13112],{"class":75},[57,154536,104],{"class":71},[57,154538,107],{"class":93},[57,154540,72],{"class":71},[57,154542,36180],{"class":75},[57,154544,104],{"class":71},[57,154546,107],{"class":93},[57,154548,72],{"class":71},[57,154550,36189],{"class":75},[57,154552,104],{"class":71},[57,154554,112],{"class":93},[57,154556,154557],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154558,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154562,119],{"class":118},[57,154564,101],{"class":93},[57,154566,5271],{"class":97},[57,154568,258],{"class":93},[57,154570,1277],{"class":1023},[57,154572,20681],{"class":93},[57,154574,154575],{"class":132},"   # first item\n",[57,154577,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154579,119],{"class":118},[57,154581,101],{"class":93},[57,154583,5271],{"class":97},[57,154585,258],{"class":93},[57,154587,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154589,20681],{"class":93},[57,154591,154592],{"class":132},"   # middle item\n",[57,154594,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154596,119],{"class":118},[57,154598,101],{"class":93},[57,154600,5271],{"class":97},[57,154602,258],{"class":93},[57,154604,1415],{"class":67},[57,154606,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154608,20681],{"class":93},[57,154610,154611],{"class":132},"  # last item\n",[20,154613,243],{},[48,154615,154617],{"className":50,"code":154616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154618,154619,154623,154628],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154620,154621],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154622,50276],{"class":63},[57,154624,154625],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154626,154627],{"class":63},"Ben\n",[57,154629,154630],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154631,154632],{"class":63},"Cara\n",[20,154634,154635],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[43,154637,154639],{"id":154638},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154641,154642],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154644,179],{},[48,154646,154648],{"className":50,"code":154647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154649,154650,154682,154686],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154651,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154653,36330],{"class":63},[57,154655,68],{"class":67},[57,154657,9472],{"class":93},[57,154659,104],{"class":71},[57,154661,293],{"class":75},[57,154663,104],{"class":71},[57,154665,107],{"class":93},[57,154667,72],{"class":71},[57,154669,664],{"class":75},[57,154671,104],{"class":71},[57,154673,107],{"class":93},[57,154675,72],{"class":71},[57,154677,673],{"class":75},[57,154679,104],{"class":71},[57,154681,112],{"class":93},[57,154683,154684],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154685,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154687,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154689,119],{"class":118},[57,154691,101],{"class":93},[57,154693,36383],{"class":97},[57,154695,258],{"class":93},[57,154697,2372],{"class":1023},[57,154699,1280],{"class":93},[20,154701,243],{},[48,154703,154705],{"className":50,"code":154704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154706,154707,154719,154724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154708,154709,154712,154714,154717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154710,154711],{"class":97},"Traceback ",[57,154713,101],{"class":93},[57,154715,154716],{"class":97},"most recent call last",[57,154718,8577],{"class":93},[57,154720,154721],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154722,154723],{"class":472},"  ...\n",[57,154725,154726,154728,154730,154732,154735],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154727,70958],{"class":1256},[57,154729,1016],{"class":93},[57,154731,149384],{"class":1256},[57,154733,154734],{"class":63}," index out of ",[57,154736,71150],{"class":118},[20,154738,154739],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154741,154742,154746,154750],{},[33,154743,154744],{},[15,154745,1277],{},[33,154747,154748],{},[15,154749,3224],{},[33,154751,154752],{},[15,154753,1931],{},[20,154755,154756,154757,94],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[293,154758,154759,154761],{"href":149256},[15,154760,42601],{}," on a tuple",[48,154763,154765],{"className":50,"code":154764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154766,154767,154799,154803,154819,154823,154841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154768,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154770,36330],{"class":63},[57,154772,68],{"class":67},[57,154774,9472],{"class":93},[57,154776,104],{"class":71},[57,154778,293],{"class":75},[57,154780,104],{"class":71},[57,154782,107],{"class":93},[57,154784,72],{"class":71},[57,154786,664],{"class":75},[57,154788,104],{"class":71},[57,154790,107],{"class":93},[57,154792,72],{"class":71},[57,154794,673],{"class":75},[57,154796,104],{"class":71},[57,154798,112],{"class":93},[57,154800,154801],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154802,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154804,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154806,119],{"class":118},[57,154808,101],{"class":93},[57,154810,2009],{"class":118},[57,154812,101],{"class":93},[57,154814,36383],{"class":97},[57,154816,5594],{"class":93},[57,154818,51006],{"class":132},[57,154820,154821],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,154822,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154824,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,154826,7233],{"class":4110},[57,154828,38626],{"class":118},[57,154830,101],{"class":93},[57,154832,36383],{"class":97},[57,154834,3896],{"class":93},[57,154836,38636],{"class":67},[57,154838,1024],{"class":1023},[57,154840,6628],{"class":93},[57,154842,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,154844,8304],{"class":118},[57,154846,101],{"class":93},[57,154848,36383],{"class":97},[57,154850,258],{"class":93},[57,154852,1931],{"class":1023},[57,154854,1280],{"class":93},[20,154856,154857,154858,94],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[293,154859,25917,154861],{"href":154860},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154862,154863],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[43,154865,154867],{"id":154866},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154869,154870],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154872,154873,154875],{},[33,154874,77101],{},[33,154876,154877],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154879,154880],{},"Indexing example:",[48,154882,154884],{"className":50,"code":154883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154885,154886,154910,154914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154887,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154889,3853],{"class":63},[57,154891,68],{"class":67},[57,154893,9472],{"class":93},[57,154895,941],{"class":1023},[57,154897,107],{"class":93},[57,154899,8025],{"class":1023},[57,154901,107],{"class":93},[57,154903,8030],{"class":1023},[57,154905,107],{"class":93},[57,154907,51079],{"class":1023},[57,154909,112],{"class":93},[57,154911,154912],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154913,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154915,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154917,119],{"class":118},[57,154919,101],{"class":93},[57,154921,3883],{"class":97},[57,154923,258],{"class":93},[57,154925,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154927,1280],{"class":93},[20,154929,243],{},[48,154931,154932],{"className":50,"code":71451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,154933,154934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154935,154936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154937,71451],{"class":1023},[20,154939,154940],{},"Slicing example:",[48,154942,154944],{"className":50,"code":154943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154945,154946,154970,154974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154947,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154949,3853],{"class":63},[57,154951,68],{"class":67},[57,154953,9472],{"class":93},[57,154955,941],{"class":1023},[57,154957,107],{"class":93},[57,154959,8025],{"class":1023},[57,154961,107],{"class":93},[57,154963,8030],{"class":1023},[57,154965,107],{"class":93},[57,154967,51079],{"class":1023},[57,154969,112],{"class":93},[57,154971,154972],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,154973,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,154975,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,154977,119],{"class":118},[57,154979,101],{"class":93},[57,154981,3883],{"class":97},[57,154983,258],{"class":93},[57,154985,3224],{"class":1023},[57,154987,1016],{"class":93},[57,154989,2299],{"class":1023},[57,154991,1280],{"class":93},[20,154993,243],{},[48,154995,154997],{"className":50,"code":154996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154998,154999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155000,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155002,101],{"class":93},[57,155004,15987],{"class":1023},[57,155006,107],{"class":93},[57,155008,8030],{"class":1023},[57,155010,112],{"class":93},[20,155012,155013,155014,94],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[293,155015,150935],{"href":150934},[43,155017,155019],{"id":155018},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155021,155022],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155024,155025],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155027,6923],{},[48,155029,155031],{"className":50,"code":155030,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155032,155033,155065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155034,155035,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155036,13308],{"class":63},[57,155038,68],{"class":67},[57,155040,9472],{"class":93},[57,155042,104],{"class":71},[57,155044,264],{"class":75},[57,155046,104],{"class":71},[57,155048,107],{"class":93},[57,155050,72],{"class":71},[57,155052,283],{"class":75},[57,155054,104],{"class":71},[57,155056,107],{"class":93},[57,155058,72],{"class":71},[57,155060,274],{"class":75},[57,155062,104],{"class":71},[57,155064,112],{"class":93},[57,155066,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155068,119],{"class":118},[57,155070,101],{"class":93},[57,155072,17736],{"class":97},[57,155074,258],{"class":93},[57,155076,3224],{"class":1023},[57,155078,1280],{"class":93},[20,155080,155081],{},"But this does not work:",[48,155083,155085],{"className":50,"code":155084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155086,155087,155119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155088,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155090,13308],{"class":63},[57,155092,68],{"class":67},[57,155094,9472],{"class":93},[57,155096,104],{"class":71},[57,155098,264],{"class":75},[57,155100,104],{"class":71},[57,155102,107],{"class":93},[57,155104,72],{"class":71},[57,155106,283],{"class":75},[57,155108,104],{"class":71},[57,155110,107],{"class":93},[57,155112,72],{"class":71},[57,155114,274],{"class":75},[57,155116,104],{"class":71},[57,155118,112],{"class":93},[57,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155122,17736],{"class":63},[57,155124,258],{"class":93},[57,155126,3224],{"class":1023},[57,155128,13504],{"class":93},[57,155130,13507],{"class":67},[57,155132,72],{"class":71},[57,155134,22760],{"class":75},[57,155136,79],{"class":71},[20,155138,155139],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155141,155142],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[43,155144,1673],{"id":1672},[20,155146,155147],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,155149,155150,155156,155159,155162],{},[33,155151,132925,155152,11325,155154],{},[15,155153,3224],{},[15,155155,1277],{},[33,155157,155158],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,155160,155161],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,155163,155164,155165],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155166,155167],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155169,62525],{},[48,155171,155173],{"className":50,"code":155172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155174,155175,155185,155199,155213,155229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155176,155177,155179,155181,155183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155178,119],{"class":118},[57,155180,101],{"class":93},[57,155182,148036],{"class":97},[57,155184,112],{"class":93},[57,155186,155187,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155188,119],{"class":118},[57,155190,101],{"class":93},[57,155192,2009],{"class":118},[57,155194,101],{"class":93},[57,155196,148036],{"class":97},[57,155198,640],{"class":93},[57,155200,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,155202,119],{"class":118},[57,155204,101],{"class":93},[57,155206,148036],{"class":97},[57,155208,258],{"class":93},[57,155210,1277],{"class":1023},[57,155212,1280],{"class":93},[57,155214,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,155216,119],{"class":118},[57,155218,101],{"class":93},[57,155220,148036],{"class":97},[57,155222,258],{"class":93},[57,155224,1415],{"class":67},[57,155226,3224],{"class":1023},[57,155228,1280],{"class":93},[57,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,155232,119],{"class":118},[57,155234,101],{"class":93},[57,155236,1257],{"class":1256},[57,155238,101],{"class":93},[57,155240,148036],{"class":97},[57,155242,640],{"class":93},[20,155244,155245],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,155247,155248,155251,155253,155256],{},[33,155249,155250],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,155252,61015],{},[33,155254,155255],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,155257,155258],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[43,155260,2075],{"id":2074},[572,155262,155264],{"id":155263},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155266,155267,155268,94],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155269,1277],{},[572,155271,155273],{"id":155272},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155275,136,155276,155278],{},[15,155277,66085],{}," as the index:",[48,155280,155282],{"className":50,"code":155281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155283,155284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155285,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155287,148036],{"class":63},[57,155289,258],{"class":93},[57,155291,1415],{"class":67},[57,155293,3224],{"class":1023},[57,155295,288],{"class":93},[572,155297,155299],{"id":155298},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155301,155302],{},"Python raises:",[48,155304,155306],{"className":50,"code":155305,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155307,155308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155311,70958],{"class":1256},[57,155313,1016],{"class":93},[57,155315,149384],{"class":1256},[57,155317,154734],{"class":63},[57,155319,71150],{"class":118},[572,155321,155323],{"id":155322},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155325,155326],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[43,155328,2132],{"id":2131},[30,155330,155331,155336,155340,155344,155350],{},[33,155332,155333],{},[293,155334,155335],{"href":148021},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155337,155338],{},[293,155339,150935],{"href":150934},[33,155341,155342],{},[293,155343,150940],{"href":149256},[33,155345,155346],{},[293,155347,26360,155348],{"href":154860},[15,155349,154863],{},[33,155351,155352],{},[293,155353,148018],{"href":148017},[2161,155355,155356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":155358},[155359,155360,155361,155362,155363,155364,155365,155366,155367,155368,155374],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":154122,"depth":82,"text":154123},{"id":154248,"depth":82,"text":154249},{"id":154386,"depth":82,"text":154387},{"id":154513,"depth":82,"text":154514},{"id":154638,"depth":82,"text":154639},{"id":154866,"depth":82,"text":154867},{"id":155018,"depth":82,"text":155019},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":155369},[155370,155371,155372,155373],{"id":155263,"depth":115,"text":155264},{"id":155272,"depth":115,"text":155273},{"id":155298,"depth":115,"text":155299},{"id":155322,"depth":115,"text":155323},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153979,"description":155375},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155381,"title":155382,"body":155383,"description":157272,"extension":2201,"meta":157273,"navigation":217,"path":157274,"seo":157275,"stem":157276,"__hash__":157277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155384,"toc":157229},[155385,155391,155396,155447,155451,155459,155465,155467,155483,155485,155488,155503,155505,155518,155520,155577,155581,155589,155596,155602,155608,155612,155663,155667,155675,155679,155708,155712,155720,155724,155757,155761,155769,155773,155776,155827,155831,155839,155841,155858,155862,155866,155925,155929,155937,155940,155967,155971,155979,155983,155989,156064,156068,156105,156113,156117,156180,156184,156192,156197,156201,156207,156250,156254,156262,156268,156271,156318,156322,156330,156339,156345,156400,156404,156412,156415,156419,156421,156452,156456,156475,156478,156523,156527,156550,156556,156561,156563,156610,156615,156618,156666,156670,156678,156682,156687,156691,156741,156745,156760,156764,156822,156826,156841,156845,156916,156920,156929,156933,157012,157016,157038,157046,157048,157051,157076,157078,157131,157133,157150,157152,157156,157162,157167,157172,157176,157181,157185,157190,157196,157199,157201,157226],[10,155386,155388,155389,3896],{"id":155387},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155390,2009],{},[20,155392,136,155393,155395],{},[15,155394,42601],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[48,155397,155399],{"className":50,"code":155398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155400,155401,155433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155402,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155404,13308],{"class":63},[57,155406,68],{"class":67},[57,155408,9472],{"class":93},[57,155410,104],{"class":71},[57,155412,264],{"class":75},[57,155414,104],{"class":71},[57,155416,107],{"class":93},[57,155418,72],{"class":71},[57,155420,283],{"class":75},[57,155422,104],{"class":71},[57,155424,107],{"class":93},[57,155426,72],{"class":71},[57,155428,274],{"class":75},[57,155430,104],{"class":71},[57,155432,112],{"class":93},[57,155434,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155436,119],{"class":118},[57,155438,101],{"class":93},[57,155440,2009],{"class":118},[57,155442,101],{"class":93},[57,155444,17736],{"class":97},[57,155446,640],{"class":93},[20,155448,155449],{},[153,155450,243],{},[48,155452,155453],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155454,155455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155456,155457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155458,46853],{"class":1023},[20,155460,136,155461,155464],{},[15,155462,155463],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[43,155466,15395],{"id":15394},[30,155468,155469,155474,155478,155481],{},[33,155470,4430,155471,155473],{},[15,155472,42601],{}," works with tuples",[33,155475,68489,155476,1179],{},[15,155477,42601],{},[33,155479,155480],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155482,4751],{},[43,155484,300],{"id":299},[20,155486,155487],{},"Use this pattern:",[48,155489,155491],{"className":50,"code":155490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155492,155493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155494,155495,155497,155499,155501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155496,2009],{"class":118},[57,155498,101],{"class":93},[57,155500,148036],{"class":97},[57,155502,112],{"class":93},[20,155504,11690],{},[30,155506,155507,155510,155513],{},[33,155508,155509],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155511,155512],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155514,155515,155517],{},[15,155516,42601],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155519,179],{},[48,155521,155523],{"className":50,"code":155522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155524,155525,155549,155563,155567],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155526,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155528,3853],{"class":63},[57,155530,68],{"class":67},[57,155532,9472],{"class":93},[57,155534,941],{"class":1023},[57,155536,107],{"class":93},[57,155538,8025],{"class":1023},[57,155540,107],{"class":93},[57,155542,8030],{"class":1023},[57,155544,107],{"class":93},[57,155546,51079],{"class":1023},[57,155548,112],{"class":93},[57,155550,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155552,41482],{"class":63},[57,155554,68],{"class":67},[57,155556,38626],{"class":118},[57,155558,101],{"class":93},[57,155560,3883],{"class":97},[57,155562,112],{"class":93},[57,155564,155565],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,155566,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,155568,155569,155571,155573,155575],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,155570,119],{"class":118},[57,155572,101],{"class":93},[57,155574,41500],{"class":97},[57,155576,112],{"class":93},[20,155578,155579],{},[153,155580,243],{},[48,155582,155583],{"className":50,"code":48887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155584,155585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155586,155587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155588,48887],{"class":1023},[20,155590,155591,155592,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[293,155593,3809,155594,3742],{"href":42598},[15,155595,42601],{},[43,155597,143,155599,155601],{"id":155598},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155600,42601],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155603,155604,155605,155607],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155606,42601],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[572,155609,155611],{"id":155610},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[48,155613,155615],{"className":50,"code":155614,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155616,155617,155649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155620,36479],{"class":63},[57,155622,68],{"class":67},[57,155624,9472],{"class":93},[57,155626,104],{"class":71},[57,155628,836],{"class":75},[57,155630,104],{"class":71},[57,155632,107],{"class":93},[57,155634,72],{"class":71},[57,155636,845],{"class":75},[57,155638,104],{"class":71},[57,155640,107],{"class":93},[57,155642,72],{"class":71},[57,155644,33461],{"class":75},[57,155646,104],{"class":71},[57,155648,112],{"class":93},[57,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155652,119],{"class":118},[57,155654,101],{"class":93},[57,155656,2009],{"class":118},[57,155658,101],{"class":93},[57,155660,36531],{"class":97},[57,155662,640],{"class":93},[20,155664,155665],{},[153,155666,243],{},[48,155668,155669],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155670,155671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155672,155673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155674,46853],{"class":1023},[572,155676,155678],{"id":155677},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[48,155680,155682],{"className":50,"code":155681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155683,155684,155693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155685,155686,155689,155691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155687,155688],{"class":63},"empty_tuple ",[57,155690,68],{"class":67},[57,155692,149360],{"class":93},[57,155694,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155696,119],{"class":118},[57,155698,101],{"class":93},[57,155700,2009],{"class":118},[57,155702,101],{"class":93},[57,155704,155705],{"class":97},"empty_tuple",[57,155707,640],{"class":93},[20,155709,155710],{},[153,155711,243],{},[48,155713,155714],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155715,155716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155717,155718],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155719,47488],{"class":1023},[572,155721,155723],{"id":155722},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[48,155725,155727],{"className":50,"code":155726,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155728,155729,155742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155730,155731,155734,155736,155738,155740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155732,155733],{"class":63},"single_value ",[57,155735,68],{"class":67},[57,155737,9472],{"class":93},[57,155739,2372],{"class":1023},[57,155741,149374],{"class":93},[57,155743,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155755],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155745,119],{"class":118},[57,155747,101],{"class":93},[57,155749,2009],{"class":118},[57,155751,101],{"class":93},[57,155753,155754],{"class":97},"single_value",[57,155756,640],{"class":93},[20,155758,155759],{},[153,155760,243],{},[48,155762,155763],{"className":50,"code":47153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155764,155765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155766,155767],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155768,47153],{"class":1023},[572,155770,155772],{"id":155771},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155774,155775],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[48,155777,155779],{"className":50,"code":155778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155780,155781,155813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155782,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155784,9401],{"class":63},[57,155786,68],{"class":67},[57,155788,9472],{"class":93},[57,155790,3224],{"class":1023},[57,155792,107],{"class":93},[57,155794,9472],{"class":93},[57,155796,1931],{"class":1023},[57,155798,107],{"class":93},[57,155800,2686],{"class":1023},[57,155802,9469],{"class":93},[57,155804,1380],{"class":93},[57,155806,2740],{"class":1023},[57,155808,107],{"class":93},[57,155810,4838],{"class":1023},[57,155812,1280],{"class":93},[57,155814,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155816,119],{"class":118},[57,155818,101],{"class":93},[57,155820,2009],{"class":118},[57,155822,101],{"class":93},[57,155824,9440],{"class":97},[57,155826,640],{"class":93},[20,155828,155829],{},[153,155830,243],{},[48,155832,155833],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155834,155835],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155836,155837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155838,46853],{"class":1023},[20,155840,20192],{},[30,155842,155843,155848,155853],{},[33,155844,155845,155847],{},[15,155846,3224],{}," is one item",[33,155849,155850,155847],{},[15,155851,155852],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155854,155855,155847],{},[15,155856,155857],{},"[4, 5]",[43,155859,155861],{"id":155860},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[572,155863,155865],{"id":155864},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[48,155867,155869],{"className":50,"code":155868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155870,155871,155911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155872,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155874,13308],{"class":63},[57,155876,68],{"class":67},[57,155878,9472],{"class":93},[57,155880,104],{"class":71},[57,155882,264],{"class":75},[57,155884,104],{"class":71},[57,155886,107],{"class":93},[57,155888,72],{"class":71},[57,155890,283],{"class":75},[57,155892,104],{"class":71},[57,155894,107],{"class":93},[57,155896,72],{"class":71},[57,155898,274],{"class":75},[57,155900,104],{"class":71},[57,155902,107],{"class":93},[57,155904,72],{"class":71},[57,155906,22760],{"class":75},[57,155908,104],{"class":71},[57,155910,112],{"class":93},[57,155912,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155914,119],{"class":118},[57,155916,101],{"class":93},[57,155918,2009],{"class":118},[57,155920,101],{"class":93},[57,155922,17736],{"class":97},[57,155924,640],{"class":93},[20,155926,155927],{},[153,155928,243],{},[48,155930,155931],{"className":50,"code":48887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155932,155933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155934,155935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155936,48887],{"class":1023},[572,155938,155678],{"id":155939},"empty-tuple-1",[48,155941,155943],{"className":50,"code":155942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155944,155945,155953],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155946,155947,155949,155951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155948,8014],{"class":63},[57,155950,68],{"class":67},[57,155952,149360],{"class":93},[57,155954,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,155956,119],{"class":118},[57,155958,101],{"class":93},[57,155960,2009],{"class":118},[57,155962,101],{"class":93},[57,155964,8045],{"class":97},[57,155966,640],{"class":93},[20,155968,155969],{},[153,155970,243],{},[48,155972,155973],{"className":50,"code":47488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155974,155975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155976,155977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155978,47488],{"class":1023},[572,155980,155982],{"id":155981},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155984,155985,155986,155988],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[153,155987,175],{}," always a tuple.",[48,155990,155992],{"className":50,"code":155991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155993,155994,156006,156018,156022,156036,156050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155995,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155997,2790],{"class":63},[57,155999,68],{"class":67},[57,156001,9472],{"class":93},[57,156003,2372],{"class":1023},[57,156005,112],{"class":93},[57,156007,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156009,2818],{"class":63},[57,156011,68],{"class":67},[57,156013,9472],{"class":93},[57,156015,2372],{"class":1023},[57,156017,149374],{"class":93},[57,156019,156020],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156021,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,156023,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,156025,119],{"class":118},[57,156027,101],{"class":93},[57,156029,1257],{"class":1256},[57,156031,101],{"class":93},[57,156033,293],{"class":97},[57,156035,640],{"class":93},[57,156037,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,156039,119],{"class":118},[57,156041,101],{"class":93},[57,156043,1257],{"class":1256},[57,156045,101],{"class":93},[57,156047,664],{"class":97},[57,156049,640],{"class":93},[57,156051,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,156053,119],{"class":118},[57,156055,101],{"class":93},[57,156057,2009],{"class":118},[57,156059,101],{"class":93},[57,156061,664],{"class":97},[57,156063,640],{"class":93},[20,156065,156066],{},[153,156067,243],{},[48,156069,156071],{"className":50,"code":156070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156072,156073,156087,156101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156074,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156076,1323],{"class":67},[57,156078,1327],{"class":1326},[57,156080,271],{"class":71},[57,156082,2423],{"class":75},[57,156084,261],{"class":71},[57,156086,1336],{"class":67},[57,156088,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156090,1323],{"class":67},[57,156092,1327],{"class":1326},[57,156094,271],{"class":71},[57,156096,49189],{"class":75},[57,156098,261],{"class":71},[57,156100,1336],{"class":67},[57,156102,156103],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156104,47153],{"class":1023},[20,156106,156107,156108,2082,156111,94],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[293,156109,156110],{"href":148021},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[293,156112,149322],{"href":149321},[572,156114,156116],{"id":156115},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[48,156118,156120],{"className":50,"code":156119,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156121,156122,156166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156123,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156125,59706],{"class":63},[57,156127,68],{"class":67},[57,156129,9472],{"class":93},[57,156131,104],{"class":71},[57,156133,836],{"class":75},[57,156135,104],{"class":71},[57,156137,107],{"class":93},[57,156139,1380],{"class":93},[57,156141,3224],{"class":1023},[57,156143,107],{"class":93},[57,156145,1024],{"class":1023},[57,156147,18296],{"class":93},[57,156149,9472],{"class":93},[57,156151,104],{"class":71},[57,156153,2409],{"class":75},[57,156155,104],{"class":71},[57,156157,107],{"class":93},[57,156159,72],{"class":71},[57,156161,11977],{"class":75},[57,156163,104],{"class":71},[57,156165,640],{"class":93},[57,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156169,119],{"class":118},[57,156171,101],{"class":93},[57,156173,2009],{"class":118},[57,156175,101],{"class":93},[57,156177,59759],{"class":97},[57,156179,640],{"class":93},[20,156181,156182],{},[153,156183,243],{},[48,156185,156186],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156187,156188],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156189,156190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156191,46853],{"class":1023},[20,156193,156194,156196],{},[15,156195,42601],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[43,156198,156200],{"id":156199},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[572,156202,156204,156206],{"id":156203},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156205,42601],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[48,156208,156210],{"className":50,"code":156209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156211,156212,156236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156213,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156215,4304],{"class":63},[57,156217,68],{"class":67},[57,156219,9472],{"class":93},[57,156221,104],{"class":71},[57,156223,63826],{"class":75},[57,156225,104],{"class":71},[57,156227,107],{"class":93},[57,156229,72],{"class":71},[57,156231,52],{"class":75},[57,156233,104],{"class":71},[57,156235,112],{"class":93},[57,156237,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156239,119],{"class":118},[57,156241,101],{"class":93},[57,156243,2009],{"class":118},[57,156245,101],{"class":93},[57,156247,4345],{"class":97},[57,156249,640],{"class":93},[20,156251,156252],{},[153,156253,243],{},[48,156255,156256],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156257,156258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156259,156260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156261,17290],{"class":1023},[20,156263,156264,156265,156267],{},"This result is ",[15,156266,1931],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156269,156270],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[48,156272,156274],{"className":50,"code":156273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156275,156276,156300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156277,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156279,4304],{"class":63},[57,156281,68],{"class":67},[57,156283,9472],{"class":93},[57,156285,104],{"class":71},[57,156287,63826],{"class":75},[57,156289,104],{"class":71},[57,156291,107],{"class":93},[57,156293,72],{"class":71},[57,156295,52],{"class":75},[57,156297,104],{"class":71},[57,156299,112],{"class":93},[57,156301,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156303,119],{"class":118},[57,156305,101],{"class":93},[57,156307,2009],{"class":118},[57,156309,101],{"class":93},[57,156311,4345],{"class":97},[57,156313,258],{"class":93},[57,156315,1277],{"class":1023},[57,156317,3235],{"class":93},[20,156319,156320],{},[153,156321,243],{},[48,156323,156324],{"className":50,"code":17290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156325,156326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156327,156328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156329,17290],{"class":1023},[20,156331,21006,156332,156335,156336,94],{},[15,156333,156334],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156337,156338],{},"\"hi\"",[572,156340,156342,156344],{"id":156341},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156343,42601],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[48,156346,156348],{"className":50,"code":156347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156349,156350,156386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156351,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156353,4057],{"class":63},[57,156355,68],{"class":67},[57,156357,10230],{"class":93},[57,156359,3224],{"class":1023},[57,156361,107],{"class":93},[57,156363,1024],{"class":1023},[57,156365,9469],{"class":93},[57,156367,9472],{"class":93},[57,156369,2299],{"class":1023},[57,156371,107],{"class":93},[57,156373,2692],{"class":1023},[57,156375,9469],{"class":93},[57,156377,9472],{"class":93},[57,156379,2372],{"class":1023},[57,156381,107],{"class":93},[57,156383,37884],{"class":1023},[57,156385,640],{"class":93},[57,156387,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156389,119],{"class":118},[57,156391,101],{"class":93},[57,156393,2009],{"class":118},[57,156395,101],{"class":93},[57,156397,5591],{"class":97},[57,156399,640],{"class":93},[20,156401,156402],{},[153,156403,243],{},[48,156405,156406],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156407,156408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156409,156410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156411,46853],{"class":1023},[20,156413,156414],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[572,156416,156418],{"id":156417},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156420,25928],{},[48,156422,156424],{"className":50,"code":156423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156425,156426,156438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156427,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156429,2681],{"class":63},[57,156431,68],{"class":67},[57,156433,9472],{"class":93},[57,156435,941],{"class":1023},[57,156437,112],{"class":93},[57,156439,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156441,119],{"class":118},[57,156443,101],{"class":93},[57,156445,1257],{"class":1256},[57,156447,101],{"class":93},[57,156449,2708],{"class":97},[57,156451,640],{"class":93},[20,156453,156454],{},[153,156455,243],{},[48,156457,156459],{"className":50,"code":156458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156460,156461],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156464,1323],{"class":67},[57,156466,1327],{"class":1326},[57,156468,271],{"class":71},[57,156470,2423],{"class":75},[57,156472,261],{"class":71},[57,156474,1336],{"class":67},[20,156476,156477],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[48,156479,156481],{"className":50,"code":156480,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156482,156483,156495,156509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156484,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156486,2681],{"class":63},[57,156488,68],{"class":67},[57,156490,9472],{"class":93},[57,156492,941],{"class":1023},[57,156494,149374],{"class":93},[57,156496,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156498,119],{"class":118},[57,156500,101],{"class":93},[57,156502,1257],{"class":1256},[57,156504,101],{"class":93},[57,156506,2708],{"class":97},[57,156508,640],{"class":93},[57,156510,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156512,119],{"class":118},[57,156514,101],{"class":93},[57,156516,2009],{"class":118},[57,156518,101],{"class":93},[57,156520,2708],{"class":97},[57,156522,640],{"class":93},[20,156524,156525],{},[153,156526,243],{},[48,156528,156530],{"className":50,"code":156529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156531,156532,156546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156533,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156535,1323],{"class":67},[57,156537,1327],{"class":1326},[57,156539,271],{"class":71},[57,156541,49189],{"class":75},[57,156543,261],{"class":71},[57,156545,1336],{"class":67},[57,156547,156548],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156549,47153],{"class":1023},[572,156551,156553,156555],{"id":156552},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156554,2009],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156557,44664,156558,156560],{},[15,156559,2009],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156562,44695],{},[48,156564,156566],{"className":50,"code":156565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156567,156568,156576,156596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156569,156570,156572,156574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156571,2009],{"class":118},[57,156573,13507],{"class":67},[57,156575,2823],{"class":1023},[57,156577,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156579,3853],{"class":63},[57,156581,68],{"class":67},[57,156583,9472],{"class":93},[57,156585,3224],{"class":1023},[57,156587,107],{"class":93},[57,156589,1024],{"class":1023},[57,156591,107],{"class":93},[57,156593,2686],{"class":1023},[57,156595,112],{"class":93},[57,156597,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156599,119],{"class":118},[57,156601,101],{"class":93},[57,156603,2009],{"class":118},[57,156605,101],{"class":93},[57,156607,3883],{"class":97},[57,156609,640],{"class":93},[20,156611,39894,156612,156614],{},[15,156613,2009],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156616,156617],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[48,156619,156621],{"className":50,"code":156620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156622,156623,156632,156652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156624,156625,156628,156630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156626,156627],{"class":63},"length_value ",[57,156629,68],{"class":67},[57,156631,2823],{"class":1023},[57,156633,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156635,3853],{"class":63},[57,156637,68],{"class":67},[57,156639,9472],{"class":93},[57,156641,3224],{"class":1023},[57,156643,107],{"class":93},[57,156645,1024],{"class":1023},[57,156647,107],{"class":93},[57,156649,2686],{"class":1023},[57,156651,112],{"class":93},[57,156653,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156655,119],{"class":118},[57,156657,101],{"class":93},[57,156659,2009],{"class":118},[57,156661,101],{"class":93},[57,156663,3883],{"class":97},[57,156665,640],{"class":93},[20,156667,156668],{},[153,156669,243],{},[48,156671,156672],{"className":50,"code":46853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156673,156674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156675,156676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156677,46853],{"class":1023},[43,156679,156681],{"id":156680},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156683,156684,156686],{},[15,156685,42601],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[572,156688,156690],{"id":156689},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[48,156692,156694],{"className":50,"code":156693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156695,156696,156704,156708,156726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156697,156698,156700,156702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156699,8014],{"class":63},[57,156701,68],{"class":67},[57,156703,149360],{"class":93},[57,156705,156706],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156707,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156711,7233],{"class":4110},[57,156713,38626],{"class":118},[57,156715,101],{"class":93},[57,156717,8045],{"class":97},[57,156719,3896],{"class":93},[57,156721,6643],{"class":67},[57,156723,4068],{"class":1023},[57,156725,6628],{"class":93},[57,156727,156728,156730,156732,156734,156737,156739],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,156729,8304],{"class":118},[57,156731,101],{"class":93},[57,156733,104],{"class":71},[57,156735,156736],{"class":75},"The tuple is empty",[57,156738,104],{"class":71},[57,156740,112],{"class":93},[20,156742,156743],{},[153,156744,243],{},[48,156746,156748],{"className":50,"code":156747,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156749,156750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156751,156752,156754,156756,156758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156753,2218],{"class":63},[57,156755,49189],{"class":1256},[57,156757,8331],{"class":67},[57,156759,8337],{"class":63},[572,156761,156763],{"id":156762},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[48,156765,156767],{"className":50,"code":156766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156768,156769,156785,156789,156807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156770,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156772,51620],{"class":63},[57,156774,68],{"class":67},[57,156776,9472],{"class":93},[57,156778,2740],{"class":1023},[57,156780,107],{"class":93},[57,156782,6227],{"class":1023},[57,156784,112],{"class":93},[57,156786,156787],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156788,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156792,7233],{"class":4110},[57,156794,38626],{"class":118},[57,156796,101],{"class":93},[57,156798,51645],{"class":97},[57,156800,3896],{"class":93},[57,156802,6643],{"class":67},[57,156804,1024],{"class":1023},[57,156806,6628],{"class":93},[57,156808,156809,156811,156813,156815,156818,156820],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,156810,8304],{"class":118},[57,156812,101],{"class":93},[57,156814,104],{"class":71},[57,156816,156817],{"class":75},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[57,156819,104],{"class":71},[57,156821,112],{"class":93},[20,156823,156824],{},[153,156825,243],{},[48,156827,156829],{"className":50,"code":156828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156830,156831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156832,156833,156836,156838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156834,156835],{"class":63},"This looks like an x",[57,156837,107],{"class":93},[57,156839,156840],{"class":63}," y coordinate\n",[572,156842,156844],{"id":156843},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[48,156846,156848],{"className":50,"code":156847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156849,156850,156879,156883,156901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156851,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156875,156877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156853,11720],{"class":63},[57,156855,68],{"class":67},[57,156857,9472],{"class":93},[57,156859,104],{"class":71},[57,156861,13112],{"class":75},[57,156863,104],{"class":71},[57,156865,107],{"class":93},[57,156867,9541],{"class":1023},[57,156869,107],{"class":93},[57,156871,72],{"class":71},[57,156873,156874],{"class":75},"Canada",[57,156876,104],{"class":71},[57,156878,112],{"class":93},[57,156880,156881],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156882,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156886,7233],{"class":4110},[57,156888,38626],{"class":118},[57,156890,101],{"class":93},[57,156892,11814],{"class":97},[57,156894,3896],{"class":93},[57,156896,6643],{"class":67},[57,156898,2686],{"class":1023},[57,156900,6628],{"class":93},[57,156902,156903,156905,156907,156909,156912,156914],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,156904,8304],{"class":118},[57,156906,101],{"class":93},[57,156908,104],{"class":71},[57,156910,156911],{"class":75},"User record has the expected number of values",[57,156913,104],{"class":71},[57,156915,112],{"class":93},[20,156917,156918],{},[153,156919,243],{},[48,156921,156923],{"className":50,"code":156922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156924,156925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156926,156927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156928,156922],{"class":63},[572,156930,156932],{"id":156931},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[48,156934,156936],{"className":50,"code":156935,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156937,156938,156970,156974,156994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156939,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156941,36330],{"class":63},[57,156943,68],{"class":67},[57,156945,9472],{"class":93},[57,156947,104],{"class":71},[57,156949,293],{"class":75},[57,156951,104],{"class":71},[57,156953,107],{"class":93},[57,156955,72],{"class":71},[57,156957,664],{"class":75},[57,156959,104],{"class":71},[57,156961,107],{"class":93},[57,156963,72],{"class":71},[57,156965,673],{"class":75},[57,156967,104],{"class":71},[57,156969,112],{"class":93},[57,156971,156972],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,156973,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,156975,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,156977,6191],{"class":4110},[57,156979,69776],{"class":63},[57,156981,4117],{"class":4110},[57,156983,54305],{"class":118},[57,156985,101],{"class":93},[57,156987,2009],{"class":118},[57,156989,101],{"class":93},[57,156991,36383],{"class":97},[57,156993,69791],{"class":93},[57,156995,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,156997,8304],{"class":118},[57,156999,101],{"class":93},[57,157001,36394],{"class":97},[57,157003,107],{"class":93},[57,157005,70324],{"class":97},[57,157007,258],{"class":93},[57,157009,36394],{"class":97},[57,157011,1280],{"class":93},[20,157013,157014],{},[153,157015,243],{},[48,157017,157018],{"className":50,"code":36406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,157019,157020,157026,157032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157021,157022,157024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157023,1277],{"class":1023},[57,157025,36415],{"class":63},[57,157027,157028,157030],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157029,3224],{"class":1023},[57,157031,36422],{"class":63},[57,157033,157034,157036],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157035,1931],{"class":1023},[57,157037,36429],{"class":63},[20,157039,157040,157041,157043,157044,94],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[293,157042,149691],{"href":149690},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[293,157045,150935],{"href":150934},[43,157047,1673],{"id":1672},[20,157049,157050],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,157052,157053,157061,157068,157073],{},[33,157054,157055,157056,11325,157059],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157057,157058],{},"(5)",[15,157060,149525],{},[33,157062,425,157063,157065,157066],{},[15,157064,2009],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157067,42601],{},[33,157069,8688,157070,157072],{},[15,157071,42601],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,157074,157075],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157077,32322],{},[48,157079,157081],{"className":50,"code":157080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157082,157083,157093,157107,157121],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157084,157085,157087,157089,157091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157086,119],{"class":118},[57,157088,101],{"class":93},[57,157090,148036],{"class":97},[57,157092,112],{"class":93},[57,157094,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157096,119],{"class":118},[57,157098,101],{"class":93},[57,157100,1257],{"class":1256},[57,157102,101],{"class":93},[57,157104,148036],{"class":97},[57,157106,640],{"class":93},[57,157108,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157110,119],{"class":118},[57,157112,101],{"class":93},[57,157114,2009],{"class":118},[57,157116,101],{"class":93},[57,157118,148036],{"class":97},[57,157120,640],{"class":93},[57,157122,157123,157125,157127,157129],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,157124,32392],{"class":118},[57,157126,101],{"class":93},[57,157128,2009],{"class":118},[57,157130,112],{"class":93},[20,157132,155245],{},[30,157134,157135,157138,157141,157145],{},[33,157136,157137],{},"what value you are using",[33,157139,157140],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,157142,26257,157143,1179],{},[15,157144,42601],{},[33,157146,123597,157147,157149],{},[15,157148,42601],{}," is documented in Python",[43,157151,2075],{"id":2074},[572,157153,157155],{"id":157154},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157157,136,157158,157161],{},[15,157159,157160],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[572,157163,2099,157165,149195],{"id":157164},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157166,42601],{},[20,157168,46601,157169,157171],{},[15,157170,42601],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[572,157173,157175],{"id":157174},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157177,157178,157179,94],{},"The length is ",[15,157180,1277],{},[572,157182,157184],{"id":157183},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157186,150881,157187,157189],{},[15,157188,150884],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[572,157191,2099,157193,157195],{"id":157192},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157194,42601],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157197,157198],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[43,157200,2132],{"id":2131},[30,157202,157203,157209,157213,157217,157221],{},[33,157204,157205],{},[293,157206,3809,157207,3742],{"href":42598},[15,157208,42601],{},[33,157210,157211],{},[293,157212,156110],{"href":148021},[33,157214,157215],{},[293,157216,149691],{"href":149690},[33,157218,157219],{},[293,157220,150935],{"href":150934},[33,157222,157223],{},[293,157224,157225],{"href":149321},"What is a tuple in Python",[2161,157227,157228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":157230},[157231,157232,157233,157240,157246,157255,157261,157262,157271],{"id":15394,"depth":82,"text":15395},{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":155598,"depth":82,"text":157234,"children":157235},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157236,157237,157238,157239],{"id":155610,"depth":115,"text":155611},{"id":155677,"depth":115,"text":155678},{"id":155722,"depth":115,"text":155723},{"id":155771,"depth":115,"text":155772},{"id":155860,"depth":82,"text":155861,"children":157241},[157242,157243,157244,157245],{"id":155864,"depth":115,"text":155865},{"id":155939,"depth":115,"text":155678},{"id":155981,"depth":115,"text":155982},{"id":156115,"depth":115,"text":156116},{"id":156199,"depth":82,"text":156200,"children":157247},[157248,157250,157252,157253],{"id":156203,"depth":115,"text":157249},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156341,"depth":115,"text":157251},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156417,"depth":115,"text":156418},{"id":156552,"depth":115,"text":157254},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156680,"depth":82,"text":156681,"children":157256},[157257,157258,157259,157260],{"id":156689,"depth":115,"text":156690},{"id":156762,"depth":115,"text":156763},{"id":156843,"depth":115,"text":156844},{"id":156931,"depth":115,"text":156932},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":157263},[157264,157265,157267,157268,157269],{"id":157154,"depth":115,"text":157155},{"id":157164,"depth":115,"text":157266},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157174,"depth":115,"text":157175},{"id":157183,"depth":115,"text":157184},{"id":157192,"depth":115,"text":157270},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155382,"description":157272},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157279,"title":157280,"body":157281,"description":159666,"extension":2201,"meta":159667,"navigation":217,"path":159668,"seo":159669,"stem":159670,"__hash__":159671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157282,"toc":159627},[157283,157286,157289,157292,157315,157321,157323,157434,157438,157441,157451,157453,157552,157554,157631,157637,157641,157644,157667,157670,157687,157690,157692,157755,157757,157774,157785,157790,157792,157795,157801,157852,157854,157874,157878,157929,157931,157952,157956,158011,158013,158034,158038,158093,158095,158116,158120,158173,158175,158204,158206,158208,158211,158215,158272,158274,158295,158299,158352,158354,158379,158384,158388,158393,158411,158414,158477,158479,158500,158503,158564,158566,158587,158590,158633,158636,158640,158645,158649,158728,158730,158761,158765,158840,158842,158869,158873,158920,158922,158930,158935,158939,158942,158957,158959,159047,159049,159074,159077,159120,159129,159131,159134,159149,159152,159156,159210,159212,159232,159237,159241,159243,159281,159284,159334,159338,159411,159413,159450,159453,159455,159458,159478,159481,159550,159552,159565,159567,159571,159574,159578,159581,159586,159589,159595,159600,159602,159624],[10,157284,157280],{"id":157285},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157287,157288],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157290,157291],{},"Use this format:",[48,157293,157295],{"className":50,"code":157294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157296,157297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157298,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157300,49189],{"class":63},[57,157302,258],{"class":93},[57,157304,36312],{"class":63},[57,157306,1016],{"class":93},[57,157308,75653],{"class":63},[57,157310,1016],{"class":93},[57,157312,75656],{"class":63},[57,157314,288],{"class":93},[20,157316,2218,157317,75689,157319,94],{},[15,157318,75653],{},[153,157320,65300],{},[43,157322,46],{"id":45},[48,157324,157326],{"className":50,"code":157325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157327,157328,157356,157360,157381,157398,157415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157329,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157331,3853],{"class":63},[57,157333,68],{"class":67},[57,157335,9472],{"class":93},[57,157337,941],{"class":1023},[57,157339,107],{"class":93},[57,157341,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157343,107],{"class":93},[57,157345,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157347,107],{"class":93},[57,157349,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157351,107],{"class":93},[57,157353,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157355,112],{"class":93},[57,157357,157358],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157359,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157361,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157363,119],{"class":118},[57,157365,101],{"class":93},[57,157367,3883],{"class":97},[57,157369,258],{"class":93},[57,157371,3224],{"class":1023},[57,157373,1016],{"class":93},[57,157375,2740],{"class":1023},[57,157377,20681],{"class":93},[57,157379,157380],{"class":132},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[57,157382,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,157384,119],{"class":118},[57,157386,101],{"class":93},[57,157388,3883],{"class":97},[57,157390,75762],{"class":93},[57,157392,2299],{"class":1023},[57,157394,20681],{"class":93},[57,157396,157397],{"class":132},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[57,157399,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,157401,119],{"class":118},[57,157403,101],{"class":93},[57,157405,3883],{"class":97},[57,157407,74349],{"class":93},[57,157409,1931],{"class":1023},[57,157411,20681],{"class":93},[57,157413,157414],{"class":132},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[57,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,157418,119],{"class":118},[57,157420,101],{"class":93},[57,157422,3883],{"class":97},[57,157424,74349],{"class":93},[57,157426,1415],{"class":67},[57,157428,3224],{"class":1023},[57,157430,20681],{"class":93},[57,157432,157433],{"class":132},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[43,157435,157437],{"id":157436},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157439,157440],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157442,157443,157445,157448],{},[33,157444,75956],{},[33,157446,157447],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157449,157450],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157452,179],{},[48,157454,157456],{"className":50,"code":157455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157457,157458,157506,157510,157528,157532,157542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157459,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157461,36330],{"class":63},[57,157463,68],{"class":67},[57,157465,9472],{"class":93},[57,157467,104],{"class":71},[57,157469,293],{"class":75},[57,157471,104],{"class":71},[57,157473,107],{"class":93},[57,157475,72],{"class":71},[57,157477,664],{"class":75},[57,157479,104],{"class":71},[57,157481,107],{"class":93},[57,157483,72],{"class":71},[57,157485,673],{"class":75},[57,157487,104],{"class":71},[57,157489,107],{"class":93},[57,157491,72],{"class":71},[57,157493,19002],{"class":75},[57,157495,104],{"class":71},[57,157497,107],{"class":93},[57,157499,72],{"class":71},[57,157501,60681],{"class":75},[57,157503,104],{"class":71},[57,157505,112],{"class":93},[57,157507,157508],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157509,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157513,75886],{"class":63},[57,157515,68],{"class":67},[57,157517,70324],{"class":63},[57,157519,258],{"class":93},[57,157521,3224],{"class":1023},[57,157523,1016],{"class":93},[57,157525,2740],{"class":1023},[57,157527,288],{"class":93},[57,157529,157530],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,157531,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157533,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,157535,119],{"class":118},[57,157537,101],{"class":93},[57,157539,75909],{"class":97},[57,157541,112],{"class":93},[57,157543,157544,157546,157548,157550],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,157545,119],{"class":118},[57,157547,101],{"class":93},[57,157549,36383],{"class":97},[57,157551,112],{"class":93},[20,157553,243],{},[48,157555,157557],{"className":50,"code":157556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157558,157559,157587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157560,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157562,101],{"class":93},[57,157564,261],{"class":71},[57,157566,664],{"class":75},[57,157568,261],{"class":71},[57,157570,107],{"class":93},[57,157572,271],{"class":71},[57,157574,673],{"class":75},[57,157576,261],{"class":71},[57,157578,107],{"class":93},[57,157580,271],{"class":71},[57,157582,19002],{"class":75},[57,157584,261],{"class":71},[57,157586,112],{"class":93},[57,157588,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157590,101],{"class":93},[57,157592,261],{"class":71},[57,157594,293],{"class":75},[57,157596,261],{"class":71},[57,157598,107],{"class":93},[57,157600,271],{"class":71},[57,157602,664],{"class":75},[57,157604,261],{"class":71},[57,157606,107],{"class":93},[57,157608,271],{"class":71},[57,157610,673],{"class":75},[57,157612,261],{"class":71},[57,157614,107],{"class":93},[57,157616,271],{"class":71},[57,157618,19002],{"class":75},[57,157620,261],{"class":71},[57,157622,107],{"class":93},[57,157624,271],{"class":71},[57,157626,60681],{"class":75},[57,157628,261],{"class":71},[57,157630,112],{"class":93},[20,157632,157633,157634,94],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[293,157635,148018],{"href":157636},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[43,157638,157640],{"id":157639},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157642,157643],{},"The full syntax is:",[48,157645,157647],{"className":50,"code":157646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157648,157649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157650,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157652,148036],{"class":63},[57,157654,258],{"class":93},[57,157656,36312],{"class":63},[57,157658,1016],{"class":93},[57,157660,75653],{"class":63},[57,157662,1016],{"class":93},[57,157664,75656],{"class":63},[57,157666,288],{"class":93},[20,157668,157669],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157671,157672,157677,157682],{},[33,157673,157674,157676],{},[15,157675,36312],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157678,157679,157681],{},[15,157680,75653],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157683,157684,157686],{},[15,157685,75656],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157688,157689],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157691,179],{},[48,157693,157695],{"className":50,"code":157694,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157696,157697,157729,157733],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157698,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157700,3853],{"class":63},[57,157702,68],{"class":67},[57,157704,9472],{"class":93},[57,157706,941],{"class":1023},[57,157708,107],{"class":93},[57,157710,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157712,107],{"class":93},[57,157714,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157716,107],{"class":93},[57,157718,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157720,107],{"class":93},[57,157722,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157724,107],{"class":93},[57,157726,76327],{"class":1023},[57,157728,112],{"class":93},[57,157730,157731],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157732,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157734,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157736,119],{"class":118},[57,157738,101],{"class":93},[57,157740,3883],{"class":97},[57,157742,258],{"class":93},[57,157744,3224],{"class":1023},[57,157746,1016],{"class":93},[57,157748,2372],{"class":1023},[57,157750,1016],{"class":93},[57,157752,1931],{"class":1023},[57,157754,1280],{"class":93},[20,157756,243],{},[48,157758,157760],{"className":50,"code":157759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157761,157762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157763,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157765,101],{"class":93},[57,157767,15987],{"class":1023},[57,157769,107],{"class":93},[57,157771,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157773,112],{"class":93},[20,157775,157776,157777,157779,157780,157782,157783,94],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157778,3224],{},", stops before index ",[15,157781,2372],{},", and moves by ",[15,157784,1931],{},[20,157786,157787,157788,94],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[293,157789,149691],{"href":153117},[43,157791,76243],{"id":76242},[20,157793,157794],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[572,157796,157798,157799,6199],{"id":157797},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157800,76257],{},[48,157802,157804],{"className":50,"code":157803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157805,157806,157834,157838],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157809,3853],{"class":63},[57,157811,68],{"class":67},[57,157813,9472],{"class":93},[57,157815,941],{"class":1023},[57,157817,107],{"class":93},[57,157819,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157821,107],{"class":93},[57,157823,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157825,107],{"class":93},[57,157827,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157829,107],{"class":93},[57,157831,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157833,112],{"class":93},[57,157835,157836],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157837,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157839,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157841,119],{"class":118},[57,157843,101],{"class":93},[57,157845,3883],{"class":97},[57,157847,75762],{"class":93},[57,157849,2299],{"class":1023},[57,157851,1280],{"class":93},[20,157853,243],{},[48,157855,157856],{"className":50,"code":151383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,157857,157858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157859,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157861,101],{"class":93},[57,157863,941],{"class":1023},[57,157865,107],{"class":93},[57,157867,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157869,107],{"class":93},[57,157871,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157873,112],{"class":93},[572,157875,157877],{"id":157876},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[48,157879,157881],{"className":50,"code":157880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157882,157883,157911,157915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157886,3853],{"class":63},[57,157888,68],{"class":67},[57,157890,9472],{"class":93},[57,157892,941],{"class":1023},[57,157894,107],{"class":93},[57,157896,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157898,107],{"class":93},[57,157900,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157902,107],{"class":93},[57,157904,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157906,107],{"class":93},[57,157908,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157910,112],{"class":93},[57,157912,157913],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157914,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157916,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157918,119],{"class":118},[57,157920,101],{"class":93},[57,157922,3883],{"class":97},[57,157924,258],{"class":93},[57,157926,1931],{"class":1023},[57,157928,77942],{"class":93},[20,157930,243],{},[48,157932,157934],{"className":50,"code":157933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157935,157936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157939,101],{"class":93},[57,157941,37082],{"class":1023},[57,157943,107],{"class":93},[57,157945,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157947,107],{"class":93},[57,157949,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157951,112],{"class":93},[572,157953,157955],{"id":157954},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[48,157957,157959],{"className":50,"code":157958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157960,157961,157989,157993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157962,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157964,3853],{"class":63},[57,157966,68],{"class":67},[57,157968,9472],{"class":93},[57,157970,941],{"class":1023},[57,157972,107],{"class":93},[57,157974,8025],{"class":1023},[57,157976,107],{"class":93},[57,157978,8030],{"class":1023},[57,157980,107],{"class":93},[57,157982,51079],{"class":1023},[57,157984,107],{"class":93},[57,157986,5313],{"class":1023},[57,157988,112],{"class":93},[57,157990,157991],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,157992,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,157994,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,157996,119],{"class":118},[57,157998,101],{"class":93},[57,158000,3883],{"class":97},[57,158002,258],{"class":93},[57,158004,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158006,1016],{"class":93},[57,158008,2740],{"class":1023},[57,158010,1280],{"class":93},[20,158012,243],{},[48,158014,158016],{"className":50,"code":158015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158017,158018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158021,101],{"class":93},[57,158023,15987],{"class":1023},[57,158025,107],{"class":93},[57,158027,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158029,107],{"class":93},[57,158031,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158033,112],{"class":93},[572,158035,158037],{"id":158036},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[48,158039,158041],{"className":50,"code":158040,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158042,158043,158075,158079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158044,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158046,3853],{"class":63},[57,158048,68],{"class":67},[57,158050,9472],{"class":93},[57,158052,941],{"class":1023},[57,158054,107],{"class":93},[57,158056,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158058,107],{"class":93},[57,158060,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158062,107],{"class":93},[57,158064,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158066,107],{"class":93},[57,158068,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158070,107],{"class":93},[57,158072,76327],{"class":1023},[57,158074,112],{"class":93},[57,158076,158077],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158078,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158080,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158082,119],{"class":118},[57,158084,101],{"class":93},[57,158086,3883],{"class":97},[57,158088,74349],{"class":93},[57,158090,1931],{"class":1023},[57,158092,1280],{"class":93},[20,158094,243],{},[48,158096,158098],{"className":50,"code":158097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158099,158100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158101,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158103,101],{"class":93},[57,158105,941],{"class":1023},[57,158107,107],{"class":93},[57,158109,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158111,107],{"class":93},[57,158113,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158115,112],{"class":93},[572,158117,158119],{"id":158118},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[48,158121,158123],{"className":50,"code":158122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158124,158125,158153,158157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158126,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158128,3853],{"class":63},[57,158130,68],{"class":67},[57,158132,9472],{"class":93},[57,158134,941],{"class":1023},[57,158136,107],{"class":93},[57,158138,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158140,107],{"class":93},[57,158142,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158144,107],{"class":93},[57,158146,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158148,107],{"class":93},[57,158150,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158152,112],{"class":93},[57,158154,158155],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158156,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158158,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158160,119],{"class":118},[57,158162,101],{"class":93},[57,158164,3883],{"class":97},[57,158166,74349],{"class":93},[57,158168,1415],{"class":67},[57,158170,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158172,1280],{"class":93},[20,158174,243],{},[48,158176,158178],{"className":50,"code":158177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158179,158180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158181,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158183,101],{"class":93},[57,158185,77020],{"class":1023},[57,158187,107],{"class":93},[57,158189,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158191,107],{"class":93},[57,158193,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158195,107],{"class":93},[57,158197,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158199,107],{"class":93},[57,158201,6238],{"class":1023},[57,158203,112],{"class":93},[43,158205,76537],{"id":76536},[20,158207,154390],{},[20,158209,158210],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[572,158212,158214],{"id":158213},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[48,158216,158218],{"className":50,"code":158217,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158219,158220,158252,158256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158221,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158223,3853],{"class":63},[57,158225,68],{"class":67},[57,158227,9472],{"class":93},[57,158229,941],{"class":1023},[57,158231,107],{"class":93},[57,158233,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158235,107],{"class":93},[57,158237,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158239,107],{"class":93},[57,158241,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158243,107],{"class":93},[57,158245,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158247,107],{"class":93},[57,158249,76327],{"class":1023},[57,158251,112],{"class":93},[57,158253,158254],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158255,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158259,119],{"class":118},[57,158261,101],{"class":93},[57,158263,3883],{"class":97},[57,158265,258],{"class":93},[57,158267,1415],{"class":67},[57,158269,2299],{"class":1023},[57,158271,77942],{"class":93},[20,158273,243],{},[48,158275,158277],{"className":50,"code":158276,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158278,158279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158280,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158282,101],{"class":93},[57,158284,56927],{"class":1023},[57,158286,107],{"class":93},[57,158288,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158290,107],{"class":93},[57,158292,76327],{"class":1023},[57,158294,112],{"class":93},[572,158296,158298],{"id":158297},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[48,158300,158302],{"className":50,"code":158301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158303,158304,158332,158336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158307,3853],{"class":63},[57,158309,68],{"class":67},[57,158311,9472],{"class":93},[57,158313,941],{"class":1023},[57,158315,107],{"class":93},[57,158317,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158319,107],{"class":93},[57,158321,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158323,107],{"class":93},[57,158325,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158327,107],{"class":93},[57,158329,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158331,112],{"class":93},[57,158333,158334],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158335,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158337,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158339,119],{"class":118},[57,158341,101],{"class":93},[57,158343,3883],{"class":97},[57,158345,75762],{"class":93},[57,158347,1415],{"class":67},[57,158349,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158351,1280],{"class":93},[20,158353,243],{},[48,158355,158357],{"className":50,"code":158356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158358,158359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158360,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158362,101],{"class":93},[57,158364,941],{"class":1023},[57,158366,107],{"class":93},[57,158368,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158370,107],{"class":93},[57,158372,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158374,107],{"class":93},[57,158376,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158378,112],{"class":93},[20,158380,158381,158382,94],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[293,158383,150940],{"href":157274},[43,158385,158387],{"id":158386},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158389,2218,158390,158392],{},[15,158391,75656],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158394,158395,158397,158399,158405],{},[33,158396,76793],{},[33,158398,76796],{},[33,158400,158401,158404],{},[15,158402,158403],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158406,158407,158408,158410],{},"A step of ",[15,158409,1277],{}," is not allowed",[20,158412,158413],{},"Example with a positive step:",[48,158415,158417],{"className":50,"code":158416,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158418,158419,158451,158455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158420,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158422,3853],{"class":63},[57,158424,68],{"class":67},[57,158426,9472],{"class":93},[57,158428,941],{"class":1023},[57,158430,107],{"class":93},[57,158432,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158434,107],{"class":93},[57,158436,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158438,107],{"class":93},[57,158440,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158442,107],{"class":93},[57,158444,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158446,107],{"class":93},[57,158448,76327],{"class":1023},[57,158450,112],{"class":93},[57,158452,158453],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158454,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158456,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158458,119],{"class":118},[57,158460,101],{"class":93},[57,158462,3883],{"class":97},[57,158464,258],{"class":93},[57,158466,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158468,1016],{"class":93},[57,158470,80818],{"class":1023},[57,158472,1016],{"class":93},[57,158474,1931],{"class":1023},[57,158476,1280],{"class":93},[20,158478,243],{},[48,158480,158482],{"className":50,"code":158481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158483,158484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158485,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158487,101],{"class":93},[57,158489,15987],{"class":1023},[57,158491,107],{"class":93},[57,158493,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158495,107],{"class":93},[57,158497,76327],{"class":1023},[57,158499,112],{"class":93},[20,158501,158502],{},"Example with a negative step:",[48,158504,158506],{"className":50,"code":158505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158507,158508,158536,158540],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158509,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158511,3853],{"class":63},[57,158513,68],{"class":67},[57,158515,9472],{"class":93},[57,158517,941],{"class":1023},[57,158519,107],{"class":93},[57,158521,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158523,107],{"class":93},[57,158525,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158527,107],{"class":93},[57,158529,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158531,107],{"class":93},[57,158533,5313],{"class":1023},[57,158535,112],{"class":93},[57,158537,158538],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158539,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158541,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158543,119],{"class":118},[57,158545,101],{"class":93},[57,158547,3883],{"class":97},[57,158549,258],{"class":93},[57,158551,2740],{"class":1023},[57,158553,1016],{"class":93},[57,158555,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158557,1016],{"class":93},[57,158559,1415],{"class":67},[57,158561,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158563,1280],{"class":93},[20,158565,243],{},[48,158567,158569],{"className":50,"code":158568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158570,158571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158572,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158574,101],{"class":93},[57,158576,77020],{"class":1023},[57,158578,107],{"class":93},[57,158580,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158582,107],{"class":93},[57,158584,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158586,112],{"class":93},[20,158588,158589],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[48,158591,158593],{"className":50,"code":158592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158594,158595,158615,158619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158596,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158598,3853],{"class":63},[57,158600,68],{"class":67},[57,158602,9472],{"class":93},[57,158604,941],{"class":1023},[57,158606,107],{"class":93},[57,158608,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158610,107],{"class":93},[57,158612,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158614,112],{"class":93},[57,158616,158617],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158618,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158620,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158622,119],{"class":118},[57,158624,101],{"class":93},[57,158626,3883],{"class":97},[57,158628,74349],{"class":93},[57,158630,1277],{"class":1023},[57,158632,1280],{"class":93},[20,158634,158635],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[43,158637,158639],{"id":158638},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158641,158642,158643,33982],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[153,158644,49189],{},[572,158646,158648],{"id":158647},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[48,158650,158652],{"className":50,"code":158651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158653,158654,158678,158682,158700,158704,158714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158655,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158657,3853],{"class":63},[57,158659,68],{"class":67},[57,158661,9472],{"class":93},[57,158663,941],{"class":1023},[57,158665,107],{"class":93},[57,158667,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158669,107],{"class":93},[57,158671,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158673,107],{"class":93},[57,158675,51079],{"class":1023},[57,158677,112],{"class":93},[57,158679,158680],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158681,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158683,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158685,2463],{"class":63},[57,158687,68],{"class":67},[57,158689,4495],{"class":63},[57,158691,258],{"class":93},[57,158693,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158695,1016],{"class":93},[57,158697,2299],{"class":1023},[57,158699,288],{"class":93},[57,158701,158702],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,158703,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158705,158706,158708,158710,158712],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,158707,119],{"class":118},[57,158709,101],{"class":93},[57,158711,2498],{"class":97},[57,158713,112],{"class":93},[57,158715,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,158717,119],{"class":118},[57,158719,101],{"class":93},[57,158721,1257],{"class":1256},[57,158723,101],{"class":93},[57,158725,2498],{"class":97},[57,158727,640],{"class":93},[20,158729,243],{},[48,158731,158733],{"className":50,"code":158732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158734,158735,158747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158736,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158738,101],{"class":93},[57,158740,15987],{"class":1023},[57,158742,107],{"class":93},[57,158744,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158746,112],{"class":93},[57,158748,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158750,1323],{"class":67},[57,158752,1327],{"class":1326},[57,158754,271],{"class":71},[57,158756,49189],{"class":75},[57,158758,261],{"class":71},[57,158760,1336],{"class":67},[572,158762,158764],{"id":158763},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[48,158766,158768],{"className":50,"code":158767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158769,158770,158790,158794,158812,158816,158826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158771,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158773,3853],{"class":63},[57,158775,68],{"class":67},[57,158777,9472],{"class":93},[57,158779,941],{"class":1023},[57,158781,107],{"class":93},[57,158783,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158785,107],{"class":93},[57,158787,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158789,112],{"class":93},[57,158791,158792],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158793,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158795,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158797,2463],{"class":63},[57,158799,68],{"class":67},[57,158801,4495],{"class":63},[57,158803,258],{"class":93},[57,158805,3224],{"class":1023},[57,158807,1016],{"class":93},[57,158809,1931],{"class":1023},[57,158811,288],{"class":93},[57,158813,158814],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,158815,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158817,158818,158820,158822,158824],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,158819,119],{"class":118},[57,158821,101],{"class":93},[57,158823,2498],{"class":97},[57,158825,112],{"class":93},[57,158827,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,158829,119],{"class":118},[57,158831,101],{"class":93},[57,158833,1257],{"class":1256},[57,158835,101],{"class":93},[57,158837,2498],{"class":97},[57,158839,640],{"class":93},[20,158841,243],{},[48,158843,158845],{"className":50,"code":158844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158846,158847,158855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158848,158849,158851,158853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158850,101],{"class":93},[57,158852,15987],{"class":1023},[57,158854,149374],{"class":93},[57,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158858,1323],{"class":67},[57,158860,1327],{"class":1326},[57,158862,271],{"class":71},[57,158864,49189],{"class":75},[57,158866,261],{"class":71},[57,158868,1336],{"class":67},[572,158870,158872],{"id":158871},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[48,158874,158876],{"className":50,"code":158875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158877,158878,158898,158902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158881,3853],{"class":63},[57,158883,68],{"class":67},[57,158885,9472],{"class":93},[57,158887,941],{"class":1023},[57,158889,107],{"class":93},[57,158891,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158893,107],{"class":93},[57,158895,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158897,112],{"class":93},[57,158899,158900],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158901,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158903,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158905,119],{"class":118},[57,158907,101],{"class":93},[57,158909,3883],{"class":97},[57,158911,258],{"class":93},[57,158913,2372],{"class":1023},[57,158915,1016],{"class":93},[57,158917,2579],{"class":1023},[57,158919,1280],{"class":93},[20,158921,243],{},[48,158923,158924],{"className":50,"code":212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158925,158926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158927,158928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158929,212],{"class":93},[20,158931,158932,158933,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[293,158934,156110],{"href":150997},[43,158936,158938],{"id":158937},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158940,158941],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158943,158944,158946,158949,158954],{},[33,158945,77101],{},[33,158947,158948],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158950,158951,158952],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158953,70958],{},[33,158955,158956],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158958,179],{},[48,158960,158962],{"className":50,"code":158961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158963,158964,158984,158988,159005,159026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158965,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158967,3853],{"class":63},[57,158969,68],{"class":67},[57,158971,9472],{"class":93},[57,158973,941],{"class":1023},[57,158975,107],{"class":93},[57,158977,8025],{"class":1023},[57,158979,107],{"class":93},[57,158981,8030],{"class":1023},[57,158983,112],{"class":93},[57,158985,158986],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,158987,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,158989,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,158991,119],{"class":118},[57,158993,101],{"class":93},[57,158995,3883],{"class":97},[57,158997,258],{"class":93},[57,158999,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159001,20681],{"class":93},[57,159003,159004],{"class":132},"    # one item\n",[57,159006,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,159008,119],{"class":118},[57,159010,101],{"class":93},[57,159012,3883],{"class":97},[57,159014,258],{"class":93},[57,159016,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159018,1016],{"class":93},[57,159020,2372],{"class":1023},[57,159022,20681],{"class":93},[57,159024,159025],{"class":132},"  # slice\n",[57,159027,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,159029,119],{"class":118},[57,159031,101],{"class":93},[57,159033,3883],{"class":97},[57,159035,258],{"class":93},[57,159037,2372],{"class":1023},[57,159039,1016],{"class":93},[57,159041,2579],{"class":1023},[57,159043,20681],{"class":93},[57,159045,159046],{"class":132},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159048,243],{},[48,159050,159052],{"className":50,"code":159051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159053,159054,159058,159070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159055,159056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159057,71451],{"class":1023},[57,159059,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159061,101],{"class":93},[57,159063,15987],{"class":1023},[57,159065,107],{"class":93},[57,159067,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159069,112],{"class":93},[57,159071,159072],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159073,212],{"class":93},[20,159075,159076],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[48,159078,159080],{"className":50,"code":159079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159081,159082,159102,159106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159083,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159085,3853],{"class":63},[57,159087,68],{"class":67},[57,159089,9472],{"class":93},[57,159091,941],{"class":1023},[57,159093,107],{"class":93},[57,159095,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159097,107],{"class":93},[57,159099,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159101,112],{"class":93},[57,159103,159104],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159105,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159107,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159109,119],{"class":118},[57,159111,101],{"class":93},[57,159113,3883],{"class":97},[57,159115,258],{"class":93},[57,159117,2372],{"class":1023},[57,159119,1280],{"class":93},[20,159121,159122,159123,159125,159126,94],{},"This raises an ",[15,159124,70958],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[293,159127,154863],{"href":159128},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[43,159130,15409],{"id":77368},[20,159132,159133],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,159135,159136,159139,159141,159144],{},[33,159137,159138],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,159140,60925],{},[33,159142,159143],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,159145,159146,159147],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159148,1277],{},[20,159150,159151],{},"Here are a few examples.",[572,159153,159155],{"id":159154},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[48,159157,159158],{"className":50,"code":157958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159159,159160,159188,159192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159161,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159163,3853],{"class":63},[57,159165,68],{"class":67},[57,159167,9472],{"class":93},[57,159169,941],{"class":1023},[57,159171,107],{"class":93},[57,159173,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159175,107],{"class":93},[57,159177,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159179,107],{"class":93},[57,159181,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159183,107],{"class":93},[57,159185,5313],{"class":1023},[57,159187,112],{"class":93},[57,159189,159190],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159191,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159193,159194,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159195,119],{"class":118},[57,159197,101],{"class":93},[57,159199,3883],{"class":97},[57,159201,258],{"class":93},[57,159203,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159205,1016],{"class":93},[57,159207,2740],{"class":1023},[57,159209,1280],{"class":93},[20,159211,243],{},[48,159213,159214],{"className":50,"code":158015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159215,159216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159217,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159219,101],{"class":93},[57,159221,15987],{"class":1023},[57,159223,107],{"class":93},[57,159225,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159227,107],{"class":93},[57,159229,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159231,112],{"class":93},[20,159233,132621,159234,159236],{},[15,159235,2740],{}," is not included.",[572,159238,159240],{"id":159239},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159242,4758],{},[48,159244,159246],{"className":50,"code":159245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159247,159248,159272,159276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159249,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159251,3853],{"class":63},[57,159253,68],{"class":67},[57,159255,9472],{"class":93},[57,159257,941],{"class":1023},[57,159259,107],{"class":93},[57,159261,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159263,107],{"class":93},[57,159265,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159267,107],{"class":93},[57,159269,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159271,112],{"class":93},[57,159273,159274],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159275,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159277,159278],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159279,159280],{"class":132},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159282,159283],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[48,159285,159286],{"className":50,"code":154943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159287,159288,159312,159316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159291,3853],{"class":63},[57,159293,68],{"class":67},[57,159295,9472],{"class":93},[57,159297,941],{"class":1023},[57,159299,107],{"class":93},[57,159301,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159303,107],{"class":93},[57,159305,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159307,107],{"class":93},[57,159309,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159311,112],{"class":93},[57,159313,159314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159315,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159319,119],{"class":118},[57,159321,101],{"class":93},[57,159323,3883],{"class":97},[57,159325,258],{"class":93},[57,159327,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159329,1016],{"class":93},[57,159331,2299],{"class":1023},[57,159333,1280],{"class":93},[572,159335,159337],{"id":159336},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[48,159339,159341],{"className":50,"code":159340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159342,159343,159367,159371,159386,159390,159401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159344,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159346,3853],{"class":63},[57,159348,68],{"class":67},[57,159350,9472],{"class":93},[57,159352,941],{"class":1023},[57,159354,107],{"class":93},[57,159356,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159358,107],{"class":93},[57,159360,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159362,107],{"class":93},[57,159364,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159366,112],{"class":93},[57,159368,159369],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159370,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159372,159373,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159374,159375],{"class":63},"slice_result ",[57,159377,68],{"class":67},[57,159379,4495],{"class":63},[57,159381,75762],{"class":93},[57,159383,1931],{"class":1023},[57,159385,288],{"class":93},[57,159387,159388],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,159389,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159391,159392,159394,159396,159399],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,159393,119],{"class":118},[57,159395,101],{"class":93},[57,159397,159398],{"class":97},"slice_result",[57,159400,112],{"class":93},[57,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,159404,119],{"class":118},[57,159406,101],{"class":93},[57,159408,3883],{"class":97},[57,159410,112],{"class":93},[20,159412,243],{},[48,159414,159416],{"className":50,"code":159415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159417,159418,159430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159419,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159421,101],{"class":93},[57,159423,941],{"class":1023},[57,159425,107],{"class":93},[57,159427,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159429,112],{"class":93},[57,159431,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159433,101],{"class":93},[57,159435,941],{"class":1023},[57,159437,107],{"class":93},[57,159439,8025],{"class":1023},[57,159441,107],{"class":93},[57,159443,8030],{"class":1023},[57,159445,107],{"class":93},[57,159447,51079],{"class":1023},[57,159449,112],{"class":93},[20,159451,159452],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[43,159454,113948],{"id":113947},[20,159456,159457],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159459,159460,159463,159466,159472,159475],{},[33,159461,159462],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159464,159465],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159467,159468,159469],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159470,159471],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159473,159474],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159476,159477],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159479,159480],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[48,159482,159484],{"className":50,"code":159483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159485,159486,159496,159514,159536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159489,119],{"class":118},[57,159491,101],{"class":93},[57,159493,148036],{"class":97},[57,159495,112],{"class":93},[57,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159499,119],{"class":118},[57,159501,101],{"class":93},[57,159503,148036],{"class":97},[57,159505,258],{"class":93},[57,159507,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159509,1016],{"class":93},[57,159511,2740],{"class":1023},[57,159513,1280],{"class":93},[57,159515,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530,159532,159534],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159517,119],{"class":118},[57,159519,101],{"class":93},[57,159521,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159523,101],{"class":93},[57,159525,148036],{"class":97},[57,159527,258],{"class":93},[57,159529,3224],{"class":1023},[57,159531,1016],{"class":93},[57,159533,2740],{"class":1023},[57,159535,3235],{"class":93},[57,159537,159538,159540,159542,159544,159546,159548],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,159539,119],{"class":118},[57,159541,101],{"class":93},[57,159543,2009],{"class":118},[57,159545,101],{"class":93},[57,159547,148036],{"class":97},[57,159549,640],{"class":93},[20,159551,2057],{},[30,159553,159554,159556,159559,159562],{},[33,159555,155250],{},[33,159557,159558],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159560,159561],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159563,159564],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[43,159566,2075],{"id":2074},[572,159568,159570],{"id":159569},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159572,159573],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[572,159575,159577],{"id":159576},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159579,159580],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[572,159582,2112,159584,2115],{"id":159583},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159585,158403],{},[20,159587,159588],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[572,159590,159592,159593,2085],{"id":159591},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159594,70958],{},[20,159596,159597,159598,94],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159599,70958],{},[43,159601,2132],{"id":2131},[30,159603,159604,159608,159612,159616,159620],{},[33,159605,159606],{},[293,159607,156110],{"href":150997},[33,159609,159610],{},[293,159611,149691],{"href":153117},[33,159613,159614],{},[293,159615,150940],{"href":157274},[33,159617,159618],{},[293,159619,148018],{"href":157636},[33,159621,159622],{},[293,159623,154863],{"href":159128},[2161,159625,159626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":159628},[159629,159630,159631,159632,159640,159644,159645,159650,159651,159656,159657,159665],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":157436,"depth":82,"text":157437},{"id":157639,"depth":82,"text":157640},{"id":76242,"depth":82,"text":76243,"children":159633},[159634,159636,159637,159638,159639],{"id":157797,"depth":115,"text":159635},"Get the first n items",{"id":157876,"depth":115,"text":157877},{"id":157954,"depth":115,"text":157955},{"id":158036,"depth":115,"text":158037},{"id":158118,"depth":115,"text":158119},{"id":76536,"depth":82,"text":76537,"children":159641},[159642,159643],{"id":158213,"depth":115,"text":158214},{"id":158297,"depth":115,"text":158298},{"id":158386,"depth":82,"text":158387},{"id":158638,"depth":82,"text":158639,"children":159646},[159647,159648,159649],{"id":158647,"depth":115,"text":158648},{"id":158763,"depth":115,"text":158764},{"id":158871,"depth":115,"text":158872},{"id":158937,"depth":82,"text":158938},{"id":77368,"depth":82,"text":15409,"children":159652},[159653,159654,159655],{"id":159154,"depth":115,"text":159155},{"id":159239,"depth":115,"text":159240},{"id":159336,"depth":115,"text":159337},{"id":113947,"depth":82,"text":113948},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":159658},[159659,159660,159661,159663],{"id":159569,"depth":115,"text":159570},{"id":159576,"depth":115,"text":159577},{"id":159583,"depth":115,"text":159662},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159591,"depth":115,"text":159664},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157280,"description":159666},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159673,"title":159674,"body":159675,"description":161498,"extension":2201,"meta":161499,"navigation":217,"path":35046,"seo":161500,"stem":161501,"__hash__":161502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159676,"toc":161464},[159677,159682,159687,159691,159709,159712,159727,159733,159735,159792,159794,159826,159838,159844,159849,159852,159887,159893,159895,159898,159912,159915,159917,159940,159942,159960,159963,159979,159981,159984,160097,160099,160188,160191,160196,160202,160205,160208,160307,160309,160368,160373,160376,160445,160449,160481,160497,160502,160509,160516,160528,160530,160579,160581,160604,160610,160658,160663,160670,160678,160684,160687,160711,160714,160716,160792,160794,160819,160825,160828,160833,160837,160851,160853,160916,160918,160950,160953,160969,160971,160977,160984,160986,161005,161007,161025,161032,161037,161044,161046,161083,161086,161093,161097,161100,161158,161161,161164,161219,161221,161233,161239,161241,161245,161278,161285,161287,161350,161353,161355,161360,161374,161381,161389,161398,161407,161413,161419,161421,161461],[10,159678,3809,159680,3813],{"id":159679},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159681,2536],{},[20,159683,32557,159684,159686],{},[15,159685,2536],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159688,62997,159689,104792],{},[15,159690,2536],{},[30,159692,159693,159696,159699,159702],{},[33,159694,159695],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159697,159698],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159700,159701],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159703,159704,159705],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[293,159706,159707],{"href":8454},[15,159708,3193],{},[20,159710,159711],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[48,159713,159715],{"className":50,"code":159714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(object)\n",[15,159716,159717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159720,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159722,101],{"class":93},[57,159724,42639],{"class":1256},[57,159726,112],{"class":93},[20,159728,159729,159730,159732],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159731,2536],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[43,159734,3843],{"id":3842},[48,159736,159738],{"className":50,"code":159737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159739,159740,159752,159766,159770,159778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159741,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159743,8112],{"class":63},[57,159745,68],{"class":67},[57,159747,72],{"class":71},[57,159749,5236],{"class":75},[57,159751,79],{"class":71},[57,159753,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159755,119],{"class":118},[57,159757,101],{"class":93},[57,159759,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159761,101],{"class":93},[57,159763,1056],{"class":97},[57,159765,640],{"class":93},[57,159767,159768],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,159769,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,159771,159772,159774,159776],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,159773,2450],{"class":63},[57,159775,68],{"class":67},[57,159777,2823],{"class":1023},[57,159779,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,159781,119],{"class":118},[57,159783,101],{"class":93},[57,159785,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159787,101],{"class":93},[57,159789,2473],{"class":97},[57,159791,640],{"class":93},[20,159793,243],{},[48,159795,159796],{"className":50,"code":125290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159797,159798,159812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159799,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159801,1323],{"class":67},[57,159803,1327],{"class":1326},[57,159805,271],{"class":71},[57,159807,3676],{"class":75},[57,159809,261],{"class":71},[57,159811,1336],{"class":67},[57,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,159815,1323],{"class":67},[57,159817,1327],{"class":1326},[57,159819,271],{"class":71},[57,159821,2423],{"class":75},[57,159823,261],{"class":71},[57,159825,1336],{"class":67},[20,159827,136,159828,159831,159832,2082,159835,94],{},[15,159829,159830],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159833,159834],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159836,159837],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[43,159839,13228,159841,159843],{"id":159840},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159842,2536],{}," function does",[20,159845,159846,159848],{},[15,159847,2536],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159850,159851],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159853,159854,159859,159864,159869,159874,159879],{},[33,159855,159856,159858],{},[15,159857,3676],{}," for text",[33,159860,159861,159863],{},[15,159862,2423],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159865,159866,159868],{},[15,159867,2426],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159870,159871,159873],{},[15,159872,1188],{}," for lists",[33,159875,159876,159878],{},[15,159877,9057],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159880,159881,69326,159883,2082,159885],{},[15,159882,4101],{},[15,159884,3838],{},[15,159886,3909],{},[20,159888,159889,159890,159892],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159891,2536],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[43,159894,300],{"id":299},[20,159896,159897],{},"The main beginner form is:",[48,159899,159900],{"className":50,"code":159714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159901,159902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159903,159904,159906,159908,159910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159905,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159907,101],{"class":93},[57,159909,42639],{"class":1256},[57,159911,112],{"class":93},[20,159913,159914],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159916,179],{},[48,159918,159920],{"className":50,"code":159919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159921,159922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159923,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159925,119],{"class":118},[57,159927,101],{"class":93},[57,159929,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159931,101],{"class":93},[57,159933,104],{"class":71},[57,159935,1590],{"class":75},[57,159937,104],{"class":71},[57,159939,640],{"class":93},[20,159941,243],{},[48,159943,159944],{"className":50,"code":46006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159945,159946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159947,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159949,1323],{"class":67},[57,159951,1327],{"class":1326},[57,159953,271],{"class":71},[57,159955,3676],{"class":75},[57,159957,261],{"class":71},[57,159959,1336],{"class":67},[20,159961,159962],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159964,159965,159972],{},[33,159966,159967,159968,3114,159970],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159969,64765],{},[15,159971,46762],{},[33,159973,159974,159975,3114,159977],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159976,1056],{},[15,159978,1065],{},[43,159980,122105],{"id":122104},[20,159982,159983],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[48,159985,159987],{"className":50,"code":159986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159988,159989,160007,160021,160035,160057,160083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159992,119],{"class":118},[57,159994,101],{"class":93},[57,159996,1257],{"class":1256},[57,159998,101],{"class":93},[57,160000,104],{"class":71},[57,160002,1590],{"class":75},[57,160004,104],{"class":71},[57,160006,640],{"class":93},[57,160008,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160010,119],{"class":118},[57,160012,101],{"class":93},[57,160014,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160016,101],{"class":93},[57,160018,941],{"class":1023},[57,160020,640],{"class":93},[57,160022,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160024,119],{"class":118},[57,160026,101],{"class":93},[57,160028,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160030,101],{"class":93},[57,160032,40383],{"class":1023},[57,160034,640],{"class":93},[57,160036,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160038,119],{"class":118},[57,160040,101],{"class":93},[57,160042,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160044,3221],{"class":93},[57,160046,3224],{"class":1023},[57,160048,107],{"class":93},[57,160050,1024],{"class":1023},[57,160052,107],{"class":93},[57,160054,2686],{"class":1023},[57,160056,3235],{"class":93},[57,160058,160059,160061,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,160060,119],{"class":118},[57,160062,101],{"class":93},[57,160064,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160066,5762],{"class":93},[57,160068,104],{"class":71},[57,160070,1056],{"class":75},[57,160072,104],{"class":71},[57,160074,1016],{"class":93},[57,160076,72],{"class":71},[57,160078,5236],{"class":75},[57,160080,104],{"class":71},[57,160082,5771],{"class":93},[57,160084,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,160086,119],{"class":118},[57,160088,101],{"class":93},[57,160090,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160092,101],{"class":93},[57,160094,3838],{"class":4085},[57,160096,640],{"class":93},[20,160098,243],{},[48,160100,160102],{"className":50,"code":160101,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160103,160104,160118,160132,160146,160160,160174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160105,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160107,1323],{"class":67},[57,160109,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160111,271],{"class":71},[57,160113,3676],{"class":75},[57,160115,261],{"class":71},[57,160117,1336],{"class":67},[57,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160121,1323],{"class":67},[57,160123,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160125,271],{"class":71},[57,160127,2423],{"class":75},[57,160129,261],{"class":71},[57,160131,1336],{"class":67},[57,160133,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160135,1323],{"class":67},[57,160137,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160139,271],{"class":71},[57,160141,2426],{"class":75},[57,160143,261],{"class":71},[57,160145,1336],{"class":67},[57,160147,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160149,1323],{"class":67},[57,160151,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160153,271],{"class":71},[57,160155,1188],{"class":75},[57,160157,261],{"class":71},[57,160159,1336],{"class":67},[57,160161,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,160163,1323],{"class":67},[57,160165,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160167,271],{"class":71},[57,160169,9057],{"class":75},[57,160171,261],{"class":71},[57,160173,1336],{"class":67},[57,160175,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,160177,1323],{"class":67},[57,160179,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160181,271],{"class":71},[57,160183,4101],{"class":75},[57,160185,261],{"class":71},[57,160187,1336],{"class":67},[20,160189,160190],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160192,160193,160194,94],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[293,160195,45033],{"href":49214},[43,160197,425,160199,160201],{"id":160198},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160200,2536],{}," with variables",[20,160203,160204],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160206,160207],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[48,160209,160211],{"className":50,"code":160210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160212,160213,160221,160239,160243,160255,160273,160277,160289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160214,160215,160217,160219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160216,2681],{"class":63},[57,160218,68],{"class":67},[57,160220,2823],{"class":1023},[57,160222,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160224,119],{"class":118},[57,160226,101],{"class":93},[57,160228,2708],{"class":97},[57,160230,107],{"class":93},[57,160232,49626],{"class":1256},[57,160234,101],{"class":93},[57,160236,2708],{"class":97},[57,160238,640],{"class":93},[57,160240,160241],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160242,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160244,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160246,2681],{"class":63},[57,160248,68],{"class":67},[57,160250,72],{"class":71},[57,160252,46143],{"class":75},[57,160254,79],{"class":71},[57,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,160258,119],{"class":118},[57,160260,101],{"class":93},[57,160262,2708],{"class":97},[57,160264,107],{"class":93},[57,160266,49626],{"class":1256},[57,160268,101],{"class":93},[57,160270,2708],{"class":97},[57,160272,640],{"class":93},[57,160274,160275],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,160276,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160278,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,160280,2681],{"class":63},[57,160282,68],{"class":67},[57,160284,1380],{"class":93},[57,160286,941],{"class":1023},[57,160288,288],{"class":93},[57,160290,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,160292,119],{"class":118},[57,160294,101],{"class":93},[57,160296,2708],{"class":97},[57,160298,107],{"class":93},[57,160300,49626],{"class":1256},[57,160302,101],{"class":93},[57,160304,2708],{"class":97},[57,160306,640],{"class":93},[20,160308,243],{},[48,160310,160312],{"className":50,"code":160311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160313,160314,160331,160348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160315,160316,160318,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160317,941],{"class":1023},[57,160319,160320],{"class":67}," \u003C",[57,160322,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160324,271],{"class":71},[57,160326,2423],{"class":75},[57,160328,261],{"class":71},[57,160330,1336],{"class":67},[57,160332,160333,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160334,160335],{"class":63},"ten ",[57,160337,1323],{"class":67},[57,160339,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160341,271],{"class":71},[57,160343,3676],{"class":75},[57,160345,261],{"class":71},[57,160347,1336],{"class":67},[57,160349,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358,160360,160362,160364,160366],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160351,258],{"class":93},[57,160353,941],{"class":1023},[57,160355,13504],{"class":93},[57,160357,160320],{"class":67},[57,160359,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160361,271],{"class":71},[57,160363,1188],{"class":75},[57,160365,261],{"class":71},[57,160367,1336],{"class":67},[20,160369,160370,160372],{},[15,160371,2536],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160374,160375],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[48,160377,160379],{"className":50,"code":160378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160380,160381,160399,160413,160417,160431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160382,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160384,3624],{"class":63},[57,160386,68],{"class":67},[57,160388,8477],{"class":118},[57,160390,101],{"class":93},[57,160392,104],{"class":71},[57,160394,42111],{"class":75},[57,160396,104],{"class":71},[57,160398,112],{"class":93},[57,160400,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160402,119],{"class":118},[57,160404,101],{"class":93},[57,160406,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160408,101],{"class":93},[57,160410,3650],{"class":97},[57,160412,640],{"class":93},[57,160414,160415],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160416,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160418,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160420,123217],{"class":63},[57,160422,68],{"class":67},[57,160424,45512],{"class":1256},[57,160426,101],{"class":93},[57,160428,3650],{"class":97},[57,160430,112],{"class":93},[57,160432,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,160434,119],{"class":118},[57,160436,101],{"class":93},[57,160438,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160440,101],{"class":93},[57,160442,123240],{"class":97},[57,160444,640],{"class":93},[20,160446,41361,160447,41365],{},[15,160448,9429],{},[48,160450,160451],{"className":50,"code":125290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160452,160453,160467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160456,1323],{"class":67},[57,160458,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160460,271],{"class":71},[57,160462,3676],{"class":75},[57,160464,261],{"class":71},[57,160466,1336],{"class":67},[57,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160470,1323],{"class":67},[57,160472,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160474,271],{"class":71},[57,160476,2423],{"class":75},[57,160478,261],{"class":71},[57,160480,1336],{"class":67},[20,160482,45939,160483,160487,160488,3114,160492,160496],{},[293,160484,160485],{"href":8454},[15,160486,3193],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[293,160489,160490],{"href":3110},[15,160491,3113],{},[293,160493,160494],{"href":3117},[15,160495,3120],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160498,160499,160500,94],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[293,160501,9216],{"href":9215},[43,160503,160505,577,160507],{"id":160504},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160506,2536],{},[15,160508,45041],{},[20,160510,160511,2082,160513,160515],{},[15,160512,2536],{},[15,160514,45041],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160517,160518,160523],{},[33,160519,160520,160522],{},[15,160521,2536],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160524,160525,160527],{},[15,160526,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160529,179],{},[48,160531,160533],{"className":50,"code":160532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160534,160535,160543,160547,160561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160536,160537,160539,160541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160538,2681],{"class":63},[57,160540,68],{"class":67},[57,160542,35080],{"class":1023},[57,160544,160545],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160546,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160548,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160550,119],{"class":118},[57,160552,101],{"class":93},[57,160554,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160556,101],{"class":93},[57,160558,2708],{"class":97},[57,160560,640],{"class":93},[57,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160564,119],{"class":118},[57,160566,101],{"class":93},[57,160568,49112],{"class":118},[57,160570,101],{"class":93},[57,160572,2708],{"class":97},[57,160574,107],{"class":93},[57,160576,45512],{"class":1256},[57,160578,640],{"class":93},[20,160580,243],{},[48,160582,160584],{"className":50,"code":160583,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160585,160586,160600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160587,160588,160590,160592,160594,160596,160598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160589,1323],{"class":67},[57,160591,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160593,271],{"class":71},[57,160595,2423],{"class":75},[57,160597,261],{"class":71},[57,160599,1336],{"class":67},[57,160601,160602],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160603,4213],{"class":4085},[20,160605,160606,160607,160609],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160608,45041],{}," is more practical.",[48,160611,160613],{"className":50,"code":160612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160614,160615,160623,160627,160643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160616,160617,160619,160621],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160618,2681],{"class":63},[57,160620,68],{"class":67},[57,160622,35080],{"class":1023},[57,160624,160625],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160626,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160628,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639,160641],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160630,7233],{"class":4110},[57,160632,49849],{"class":118},[57,160634,101],{"class":93},[57,160636,2708],{"class":97},[57,160638,107],{"class":93},[57,160640,45512],{"class":1256},[57,160642,8577],{"class":93},[57,160644,160645,160647,160649,160651,160654,160656],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160646,8304],{"class":118},[57,160648,101],{"class":93},[57,160650,104],{"class":71},[57,160652,160653],{"class":75},"This is an integer",[57,160655,104],{"class":71},[57,160657,112],{"class":93},[20,160659,136,160660,160662],{},[15,160661,2536],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160664,136,160665,160667,160668,7408],{},[15,160666,45041],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160669,7233],{},[20,160671,160672,160673,94],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[293,160674,3809,160676,3742],{"href":160675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160677,45041],{},[43,160679,160681,160682],{"id":160680},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160683,2536],{},[20,160685,160686],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[48,160688,160690],{"className":50,"code":160689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160691,160692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160693,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702,160705,160707,160709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160695,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160697,101],{"class":93},[57,160699,1056],{"class":97},[57,160701,107],{"class":93},[57,160703,160704],{"class":97}," bases",[57,160706,107],{"class":93},[57,160708,9406],{"class":1256},[57,160710,112],{"class":93},[20,160712,160713],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160715,179],{},[48,160717,160719],{"className":50,"code":160718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160720,160721,160764,160768,160778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160722,160723,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734,160737,160739,160741,160744,160746,160748,160751,160753,160755,160757,160760,160762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160724,160725],{"class":63},"Person ",[57,160727,68],{"class":67},[57,160729,49626],{"class":1256},[57,160731,101],{"class":93},[57,160733,104],{"class":71},[57,160735,160736],{"class":75},"Person",[57,160738,104],{"class":71},[57,160740,107],{"class":93},[57,160742,160743],{"class":93}," (),",[57,160745,10725],{"class":93},[57,160747,104],{"class":71},[57,160749,160750],{"class":75},"species",[57,160752,104],{"class":71},[57,160754,1016],{"class":93},[57,160756,72],{"class":71},[57,160758,160759],{"class":75},"human",[57,160761,104],{"class":71},[57,160763,30735],{"class":93},[57,160765,160766],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160767,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160769,160770,160772,160774,160776],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160771,119],{"class":118},[57,160773,101],{"class":93},[57,160775,160736],{"class":97},[57,160777,112],{"class":93},[57,160779,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160781,119],{"class":118},[57,160783,101],{"class":93},[57,160785,160736],{"class":97},[57,160787,94],{"class":93},[57,160789,160750],{"class":24987},[57,160791,112],{"class":93},[20,160793,243],{},[48,160795,160797],{"className":50,"code":160796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160798,160799,160814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160800,160801,160803,160805,160807,160810,160812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160802,1323],{"class":67},[57,160804,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160806,271],{"class":71},[57,160808,160809],{"class":75},"__main__.Person",[57,160811,261],{"class":71},[57,160813,1336],{"class":67},[57,160815,160816],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160817,160818],{"class":63},"human\n",[20,160820,160821,160822,160824],{},"Most beginners do ",[153,160823,175],{}," need this form.",[20,160826,160827],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[43,160829,1637,160831],{"id":160830},"when-to-use-type",[15,160832,2536],{},[20,160834,160835,12676],{},[15,160836,2536],{},[30,160838,160839,160842,160845,160848],{},[33,160840,160841],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160843,160844],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160846,160847],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160849,160850],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160852,5705],{},[48,160854,160856],{"className":50,"code":160855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160857,160858,160870,160884,160888,160902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160859,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160861,64],{"class":63},[57,160863,68],{"class":67},[57,160865,72],{"class":71},[57,160867,50482],{"class":75},[57,160869,79],{"class":71},[57,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160873,2450],{"class":63},[57,160875,68],{"class":67},[57,160877,45512],{"class":1256},[57,160879,101],{"class":93},[57,160881,227],{"class":97},[57,160883,112],{"class":93},[57,160885,160886],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,160887,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,160891,119],{"class":118},[57,160893,101],{"class":93},[57,160895,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160897,101],{"class":93},[57,160899,227],{"class":97},[57,160901,640],{"class":93},[57,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,160905,119],{"class":118},[57,160907,101],{"class":93},[57,160909,1257],{"class":1256},[57,160911,101],{"class":93},[57,160913,2473],{"class":97},[57,160915,640],{"class":93},[20,160917,243],{},[48,160919,160920],{"className":50,"code":125290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160921,160922,160936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160923,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160925,1323],{"class":67},[57,160927,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160929,271],{"class":71},[57,160931,3676],{"class":75},[57,160933,261],{"class":71},[57,160935,1336],{"class":67},[57,160937,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,160939,1323],{"class":67},[57,160941,1327],{"class":1326},[57,160943,271],{"class":71},[57,160945,2423],{"class":75},[57,160947,261],{"class":71},[57,160949,1336],{"class":67},[20,160951,160952],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160954,160955,160956,754,160960,17306,160964,160968],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[293,160957,160958],{"href":42415},[15,160959,47920],{},[293,160961,160962],{"href":3110},[15,160963,3113],{},[293,160965,160966],{"href":3117},[15,160967,3120],{}," are often the next step.",[43,160970,25595],{"id":25594},[20,160972,160973,160974,160976],{},"A few things about ",[15,160975,2536],{}," often confuse beginners.",[572,160978,160980,160983],{"id":160979},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160981,160982],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160985,64874],{},[48,160987,160989],{"className":50,"code":160988,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160990,160991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160994,119],{"class":118},[57,160996,101],{"class":93},[57,160998,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161000,101],{"class":93},[57,161002,2372],{"class":1023},[57,161004,640],{"class":93},[20,161006,123136],{},[48,161008,161009],{"className":50,"code":156458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,161010,161011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161012,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161014,1323],{"class":67},[57,161016,1327],{"class":1326},[57,161018,271],{"class":71},[57,161020,2423],{"class":75},[57,161022,261],{"class":71},[57,161024,1336],{"class":67},[20,161026,41146,161027,161029,161030,94],{},[153,161028,175],{}," print just ",[15,161031,2423],{},[20,161033,6912,161034,161036],{},[15,161035,2536],{}," returns a class object.",[572,161038,161040,2631,161042],{"id":161039},"input-returns-str",[15,161041,3193],{},[15,161043,3676],{},[20,161045,79766],{},[48,161047,161049],{"className":50,"code":161048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161050,161051,161069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161052,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161054,2681],{"class":63},[57,161056,68],{"class":67},[57,161058,8477],{"class":118},[57,161060,101],{"class":93},[57,161062,104],{"class":71},[57,161064,46546],{"class":75},[57,161066,104],{"class":71},[57,161068,112],{"class":93},[57,161070,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161072,119],{"class":118},[57,161074,101],{"class":93},[57,161076,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161078,101],{"class":93},[57,161080,2708],{"class":97},[57,161082,640],{"class":93},[20,161084,161085],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161087,161088,161089,3114,161091,94],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161090,3113],{},[15,161092,3120],{},[572,161094,161096],{"id":161095},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161098,161099],{},"Avoid code like this:",[48,161101,161103],{"className":50,"code":161102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161104,161105,161113,161117,161143],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161106,161107,161109,161111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161108,2681],{"class":63},[57,161110,68],{"class":67},[57,161112,35080],{"class":1023},[57,161114,161115],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161116,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,161118,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139,161141],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161120,7233],{"class":4110},[57,161122,49141],{"class":1256},[57,161124,101],{"class":93},[57,161126,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161128,101],{"class":93},[57,161130,2708],{"class":97},[57,161132,5594],{"class":93},[57,161134,6643],{"class":67},[57,161136,72],{"class":71},[57,161138,159837],{"class":75},[57,161140,104],{"class":71},[57,161142,6628],{"class":93},[57,161144,161145,161147,161149,161151,161154,161156],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161146,8304],{"class":118},[57,161148,101],{"class":93},[57,161150,104],{"class":71},[57,161152,161153],{"class":75},"It is an int",[57,161155,104],{"class":71},[57,161157,112],{"class":93},[20,161159,161160],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161162,161163],{},"Better options:",[48,161165,161167],{"className":50,"code":161166,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161168,161169,161177,161181,161201],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161170,161171,161173,161175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161172,2681],{"class":63},[57,161174,68],{"class":67},[57,161176,35080],{"class":1023},[57,161178,161179],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161180,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,161182,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161184,119],{"class":118},[57,161186,101],{"class":93},[57,161188,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161190,101],{"class":93},[57,161192,2708],{"class":97},[57,161194,3896],{"class":93},[57,161196,6643],{"class":67},[57,161198,45512],{"class":1256},[57,161200,112],{"class":93},[57,161202,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161204,119],{"class":118},[57,161206,101],{"class":93},[57,161208,49112],{"class":118},[57,161210,101],{"class":93},[57,161212,2708],{"class":97},[57,161214,107],{"class":93},[57,161216,45512],{"class":1256},[57,161218,640],{"class":93},[20,161220,243],{},[48,161222,161223],{"className":50,"code":4737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,161224,161225,161229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161226,161227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161228,4213],{"class":4085},[57,161230,161231],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161232,4213],{"class":4085},[20,161234,161235,161236,161238],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161237,45041],{}," is the more useful check.",[43,161240,1673],{"id":1672},[20,161242,14965,161243,1016],{},[15,161244,2536],{},[30,161246,161247,161257,161266,161275],{},[33,161248,425,161249,161251,161252,161256],{},[15,161250,2536],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[293,161253,161254],{"href":8454},[15,161255,3193],{}," always returns a string",[33,161258,8688,161259,161261,161262,11325,161264],{},[15,161260,2536],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161263,2423],{},[15,161265,159837],{},[33,161267,425,161268,44865,161271,161274],{},[15,161269,161270],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161272,161273],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161276,161277],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161279,161280,161281,94],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[293,161282,161284],{"href":161283},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161286,144612],{},[48,161288,161290],{"className":50,"code":161289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161291,161292,161306,161316,161330,161340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161293,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161295,119],{"class":118},[57,161297,101],{"class":93},[57,161299,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161301,101],{"class":93},[57,161303,2708],{"class":97},[57,161305,640],{"class":93},[57,161307,161308,161310,161312,161314],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161309,119],{"class":118},[57,161311,101],{"class":93},[57,161313,2708],{"class":97},[57,161315,112],{"class":93},[57,161317,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161319,119],{"class":118},[57,161321,101],{"class":93},[57,161323,42019],{"class":118},[57,161325,101],{"class":93},[57,161327,2708],{"class":97},[57,161329,640],{"class":93},[57,161331,161332,161334,161336,161338],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161333,32392],{"class":118},[57,161335,101],{"class":93},[57,161337,1257],{"class":1256},[57,161339,112],{"class":93},[57,161341,161342,161344,161346,161348],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,161343,34613],{"class":118},[57,161345,101],{"class":93},[57,161347,2708],{"class":97},[57,161349,112],{"class":93},[20,161351,161352],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[43,161354,2075],{"id":2074},[572,161356,2112,161358,5377],{"id":161357},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161359,2536],{},[20,161361,161362,161363,754,161365,754,161367,758,161369,161371,161372,94],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161364,3676],{},[15,161366,2423],{},[15,161368,1188],{},[15,161370,9057],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161373,159834],{},[572,161375,15135,161377,57440,161379,2085],{"id":161376},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161378,2536],{},[15,161380,45041],{},[20,161382,46601,161383,161385,161386,161388],{},[15,161384,2536],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161387,45041],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[572,161390,5390,161392,161395,161396,2085],{"id":161391},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161393,161394],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161397,3676],{},[20,161399,2125,161400,161402,161403,3114,161405,160496],{},[15,161401,3193],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161404,3113],{},[15,161406,3120],{},[572,161408,5402,161410,161412],{"id":161409},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161411,2536],{}," create classes?",[20,161414,161415,161416,94],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161417,161418],{},"type(object)",[43,161420,2132],{"id":2131},[30,161422,161423,161427,161433,161439,161443,161449,161455],{},[33,161424,161425],{},[293,161426,45033],{"href":49214},[33,161428,161429],{},[293,161430,3809,161431,3742],{"href":160675},[15,161432,45041],{},[33,161434,161435],{},[293,161436,3809,161437,3742],{"href":8454},[15,161438,3193],{},[33,161440,161441],{},[293,161442,9293],{"href":9215},[33,161444,161445],{},[293,161446,3809,161447,3742],{"href":3110},[15,161448,3113],{},[33,161450,161451],{},[293,161452,3809,161453,3742],{"href":3117},[15,161454,3120],{},[33,161456,161457],{},[293,161458,3809,161459,3742],{"href":42415},[15,161460,47920],{},[2161,161462,161463],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":161465},[161466,161467,161469,161470,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161486,161487,161497],{"id":3842,"depth":82,"text":3843},{"id":159840,"depth":82,"text":161468},"What the type() function does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":122104,"depth":82,"text":122105},{"id":160198,"depth":82,"text":161472},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160504,"depth":82,"text":161474},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160680,"depth":82,"text":161476},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160830,"depth":82,"text":161478},"When to use type()",{"id":25594,"depth":82,"text":25595,"children":161480},[161481,161483,161485],{"id":160979,"depth":115,"text":161482},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161039,"depth":115,"text":161484},"input() returns str",{"id":161095,"depth":115,"text":161096},{"id":1672,"depth":82,"text":1673},{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":161488},[161489,161491,161493,161495],{"id":161357,"depth":115,"text":161490},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161376,"depth":115,"text":161492},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161391,"depth":115,"text":161494},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161409,"depth":115,"text":161496},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159674,"description":161498},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161504,"title":161505,"body":161506,"description":163985,"extension":2201,"meta":163986,"navigation":217,"path":163987,"seo":163988,"stem":163989,"__hash__":163990},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161507,"toc":163942},[161508,161513,161518,161527,161529,161629,161631,161656,161661,161666,161682,161685,161687,161689,161714,161717,161720,161803,161805,161854,161857,161979,161981,162054,162058,162061,162175,162177,162203,162205,162226,162231,162235,162240,162243,162347,162349,162366,162375,162378,162465,162467,162478,162483,162489,162494,162500,162503,162596,162598,162647,162653,162656,162757,162759,162812,162817,162821,162824,162923,162925,162964,162967,162972,162974,162979,162983,163096,163100,163197,163201,163289,163291,163308,163312,163435,163441,163447,163453,163458,163461,163488,163492,163494,163588,163591,163595,163598,163685,163688,163723,163725,163762,163765,163773,163778,163783,163857,163864,163866,163871,163874,163880,163883,163889,163894,163900,163905,163909,163912,163914,163939],[10,161509,3809,161511,3813],{"id":161510},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161512,64550],{},[20,161514,161515,161517],{},[15,161516,64550],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161519,161520,161521,161523,161524,161526],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161522,64550],{}," inside a ",[15,161525,6191],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[43,161528,46],{"id":45},[48,161530,161532],{"className":50,"code":161531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161533,161534,161566,161586,161590,161615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161535,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161537,5227],{"class":63},[57,161539,68],{"class":67},[57,161541,1380],{"class":93},[57,161543,104],{"class":71},[57,161545,13112],{"class":75},[57,161547,104],{"class":71},[57,161549,107],{"class":93},[57,161551,72],{"class":71},[57,161553,36180],{"class":75},[57,161555,104],{"class":71},[57,161557,107],{"class":93},[57,161559,72],{"class":71},[57,161561,36189],{"class":75},[57,161563,104],{"class":71},[57,161565,288],{"class":93},[57,161567,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161569,5296],{"class":63},[57,161571,68],{"class":67},[57,161573,1380],{"class":93},[57,161575,13733],{"class":1023},[57,161577,107],{"class":93},[57,161579,13738],{"class":1023},[57,161581,107],{"class":93},[57,161583,29159],{"class":1023},[57,161585,288],{"class":93},[57,161587,161588],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161589,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,161591,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161593,6191],{"class":4110},[57,161595,36231],{"class":63},[57,161597,107],{"class":93},[57,161599,5338],{"class":63},[57,161601,4117],{"class":4110},[57,161603,161604],{"class":118}," zip",[57,161606,101],{"class":93},[57,161608,5271],{"class":97},[57,161610,107],{"class":93},[57,161612,5343],{"class":97},[57,161614,8577],{"class":93},[57,161616,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,161618,8304],{"class":118},[57,161620,101],{"class":93},[57,161622,1056],{"class":97},[57,161624,107],{"class":93},[57,161626,131073],{"class":97},[57,161628,112],{"class":93},[20,161630,243],{},[48,161632,161634],{"className":50,"code":161633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161635,161636,161642,161649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161637,161638,161640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161639,134085],{"class":63},[57,161641,33376],{"class":1023},[57,161643,161644,161647],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161645,161646],{"class":63},"Ben ",[57,161648,33381],{"class":1023},[57,161650,161651,161654],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161652,161653],{"class":63},"Cara ",[57,161655,33386],{"class":1023},[20,161657,136,161658,161660],{},[15,161659,64550],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[43,161662,143,161664,146],{"id":161663},"what-zip-does",[15,161665,64550],{},[30,161667,161668,161673,161676,161679],{},[33,161669,161670,161672],{},[15,161671,64550],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161674,161675],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161677,161678],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161680,161681],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161683,161684],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[43,161686,300],{"id":299},[20,161688,7453],{},[48,161690,161692],{"className":50,"code":161691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161693,161694],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161695,161696,161698,161700,161703,161705,161708,161710,161712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161697,64620],{"class":118},[57,161699,101],{"class":93},[57,161701,161702],{"class":97},"iterable1",[57,161704,107],{"class":93},[57,161706,161707],{"class":97}," iterable2",[57,161709,107],{"class":93},[57,161711,34694],{"class":118},[57,161713,112],{"class":93},[20,161715,161716],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161718,161719],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[48,161721,161723],{"className":50,"code":161722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161724,161725,161745,161777,161781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161726,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161728,3853],{"class":63},[57,161730,68],{"class":67},[57,161732,1380],{"class":93},[57,161734,3224],{"class":1023},[57,161736,107],{"class":93},[57,161738,1024],{"class":1023},[57,161740,107],{"class":93},[57,161742,2686],{"class":1023},[57,161744,288],{"class":93},[57,161746,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161748,36330],{"class":63},[57,161750,68],{"class":67},[57,161752,1380],{"class":93},[57,161754,104],{"class":71},[57,161756,293],{"class":75},[57,161758,104],{"class":71},[57,161760,107],{"class":93},[57,161762,72],{"class":71},[57,161764,664],{"class":75},[57,161766,104],{"class":71},[57,161768,107],{"class":93},[57,161770,72],{"class":71},[57,161772,673],{"class":75},[57,161774,104],{"class":71},[57,161776,288],{"class":93},[57,161778,161779],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161780,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,161782,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161784,119],{"class":118},[57,161786,101],{"class":93},[57,161788,1188],{"class":1256},[57,161790,101],{"class":93},[57,161792,64620],{"class":118},[57,161794,101],{"class":93},[57,161796,3883],{"class":97},[57,161798,107],{"class":93},[57,161800,70324],{"class":97},[57,161802,2028],{"class":93},[20,161804,243],{},[48,161806,161808],{"className":50,"code":161807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161809,161810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161811,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161813,21976],{"class":93},[57,161815,3224],{"class":1023},[57,161817,107],{"class":93},[57,161819,271],{"class":71},[57,161821,293],{"class":75},[57,161823,261],{"class":71},[57,161825,9469],{"class":93},[57,161827,9472],{"class":93},[57,161829,1931],{"class":1023},[57,161831,107],{"class":93},[57,161833,271],{"class":71},[57,161835,664],{"class":75},[57,161837,261],{"class":71},[57,161839,9469],{"class":93},[57,161841,9472],{"class":93},[57,161843,2299],{"class":1023},[57,161845,107],{"class":93},[57,161847,271],{"class":71},[57,161849,673],{"class":75},[57,161851,261],{"class":71},[57,161853,9485],{"class":93},[20,161855,161856],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[48,161858,161860],{"className":50,"code":161859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161861,161862,161894,161914,161948,161952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161863,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161865,5227],{"class":63},[57,161867,68],{"class":67},[57,161869,1380],{"class":93},[57,161871,104],{"class":71},[57,161873,13112],{"class":75},[57,161875,104],{"class":71},[57,161877,107],{"class":93},[57,161879,72],{"class":71},[57,161881,36180],{"class":75},[57,161883,104],{"class":71},[57,161885,107],{"class":93},[57,161887,72],{"class":71},[57,161889,36189],{"class":75},[57,161891,104],{"class":71},[57,161893,288],{"class":93},[57,161895,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,161897,5296],{"class":63},[57,161899,68],{"class":67},[57,161901,1380],{"class":93},[57,161903,13733],{"class":1023},[57,161905,107],{"class":93},[57,161907,13738],{"class":1023},[57,161909,107],{"class":93},[57,161911,29159],{"class":1023},[57,161913,288],{"class":93},[57,161915,161916,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161944,161946],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,161917,161918],{"class":63},"grades ",[57,161920,68],{"class":67},[57,161922,1380],{"class":93},[57,161924,104],{"class":71},[57,161926,22481],{"class":75},[57,161928,104],{"class":71},[57,161930,107],{"class":93},[57,161932,72],{"class":71},[57,161934,30839],{"class":75},[57,161936,104],{"class":71},[57,161938,107],{"class":93},[57,161940,72],{"class":71},[57,161942,161943],{"class":75},"B+",[57,161945,104],{"class":71},[57,161947,288],{"class":93},[57,161949,161950],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,161951,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,161953,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161977],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,161955,119],{"class":118},[57,161957,101],{"class":93},[57,161959,1188],{"class":1256},[57,161961,101],{"class":93},[57,161963,64620],{"class":118},[57,161965,101],{"class":93},[57,161967,5271],{"class":97},[57,161969,107],{"class":93},[57,161971,5343],{"class":97},[57,161973,107],{"class":93},[57,161975,161976],{"class":97}," grades",[57,161978,2028],{"class":93},[20,161980,243],{},[48,161982,161984],{"className":50,"code":161983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161985,161986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161987,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161989,21976],{"class":93},[57,161991,261],{"class":71},[57,161993,13112],{"class":75},[57,161995,261],{"class":71},[57,161997,107],{"class":93},[57,161999,20133],{"class":1023},[57,162001,107],{"class":93},[57,162003,271],{"class":71},[57,162005,22481],{"class":75},[57,162007,261],{"class":71},[57,162009,9469],{"class":93},[57,162011,9472],{"class":93},[57,162013,261],{"class":71},[57,162015,36180],{"class":75},[57,162017,261],{"class":71},[57,162019,107],{"class":93},[57,162021,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162023,107],{"class":93},[57,162025,271],{"class":71},[57,162027,30839],{"class":75},[57,162029,261],{"class":71},[57,162031,9469],{"class":93},[57,162033,9472],{"class":93},[57,162035,261],{"class":71},[57,162037,36189],{"class":75},[57,162039,261],{"class":71},[57,162041,107],{"class":93},[57,162043,29159],{"class":1023},[57,162045,107],{"class":93},[57,162047,271],{"class":71},[57,162049,161943],{"class":75},[57,162051,261],{"class":71},[57,162053,9485],{"class":93},[43,162055,162057],{"id":162056},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162059,162060],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[48,162062,162064],{"className":50,"code":162063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162065,162066,162098,162118,162122,162146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162067,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162069,5227],{"class":63},[57,162071,68],{"class":67},[57,162073,1380],{"class":93},[57,162075,104],{"class":71},[57,162077,13112],{"class":75},[57,162079,104],{"class":71},[57,162081,107],{"class":93},[57,162083,72],{"class":71},[57,162085,36180],{"class":75},[57,162087,104],{"class":71},[57,162089,107],{"class":93},[57,162091,72],{"class":71},[57,162093,36189],{"class":75},[57,162095,104],{"class":71},[57,162097,288],{"class":93},[57,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162101,5296],{"class":63},[57,162103,68],{"class":67},[57,162105,1380],{"class":93},[57,162107,13733],{"class":1023},[57,162109,107],{"class":93},[57,162111,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162113,107],{"class":93},[57,162115,29159],{"class":1023},[57,162117,288],{"class":93},[57,162119,162120],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162121,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162123,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162125,6191],{"class":4110},[57,162127,36231],{"class":63},[57,162129,107],{"class":93},[57,162131,5338],{"class":63},[57,162133,4117],{"class":4110},[57,162135,161604],{"class":118},[57,162137,101],{"class":93},[57,162139,5271],{"class":97},[57,162141,107],{"class":93},[57,162143,5343],{"class":97},[57,162145,8577],{"class":93},[57,162147,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,162149,8304],{"class":118},[57,162151,101],{"class":93},[57,162153,22530],{"class":1326},[57,162155,104],{"class":75},[57,162157,9514],{"class":1023},[57,162159,1056],{"class":97},[57,162161,22539],{"class":1023},[57,162163,162164],{"class":75}," scored ",[57,162166,9514],{"class":1023},[57,162168,85742],{"class":97},[57,162170,22539],{"class":1023},[57,162172,104],{"class":75},[57,162174,112],{"class":93},[20,162176,243],{},[48,162178,162180],{"className":50,"code":162179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162181,162182,162189,162196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162183,162184,162187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162185,162186],{"class":63},"Ana scored ",[57,162188,33376],{"class":1023},[57,162190,162191,162194],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162192,162193],{"class":63},"Ben scored ",[57,162195,33381],{"class":1023},[57,162197,162198,162201],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162199,162200],{"class":63},"Cara scored ",[57,162202,33386],{"class":1023},[20,162204,45166],{},[30,162206,162207,162216,162219],{},[33,162208,162209,162212,162213],{},[15,162210,162211],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162214,162215],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,162217,162218],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,162220,162221,2082,162223,162225],{},[15,162222,1056],{},[15,162224,85742],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162227,162228,162229,94],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[293,162230,69841],{"href":69840},[43,162232,162234],{"id":162233},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162236,162237,162239],{},[15,162238,64550],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162241,162242],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[48,162244,162246],{"className":50,"code":162245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162247,162248,162289,162305,162309,162333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162249,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162285,162287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162251,5227],{"class":63},[57,162253,68],{"class":67},[57,162255,1380],{"class":93},[57,162257,104],{"class":71},[57,162259,13112],{"class":75},[57,162261,104],{"class":71},[57,162263,107],{"class":93},[57,162265,72],{"class":71},[57,162267,36180],{"class":75},[57,162269,104],{"class":71},[57,162271,107],{"class":93},[57,162273,72],{"class":71},[57,162275,36189],{"class":75},[57,162277,104],{"class":71},[57,162279,107],{"class":93},[57,162281,72],{"class":71},[57,162283,162284],{"class":75},"Dan",[57,162286,104],{"class":71},[57,162288,288],{"class":93},[57,162290,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162292,5296],{"class":63},[57,162294,68],{"class":67},[57,162296,1380],{"class":93},[57,162298,13733],{"class":1023},[57,162300,107],{"class":93},[57,162302,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162304,288],{"class":93},[57,162306,162307],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162308,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162310,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162312,6191],{"class":4110},[57,162314,36231],{"class":63},[57,162316,107],{"class":93},[57,162318,5338],{"class":63},[57,162320,4117],{"class":4110},[57,162322,161604],{"class":118},[57,162324,101],{"class":93},[57,162326,5271],{"class":97},[57,162328,107],{"class":93},[57,162330,5343],{"class":97},[57,162332,8577],{"class":93},[57,162334,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,162336,8304],{"class":118},[57,162338,101],{"class":93},[57,162340,1056],{"class":97},[57,162342,107],{"class":93},[57,162344,131073],{"class":97},[57,162346,112],{"class":93},[20,162348,243],{},[48,162350,162352],{"className":50,"code":162351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162353,162354,162360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162355,162356,162358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162357,134085],{"class":63},[57,162359,33376],{"class":1023},[57,162361,162362,162364],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162363,161646],{"class":63},[57,162365,33381],{"class":1023},[20,162367,2520,162368,2082,162371,162374],{},[15,162369,162370],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162372,162373],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162376,162377],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[48,162379,162381],{"className":50,"code":162380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162382,162383,162423,162439,162443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162384,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162386,5227],{"class":63},[57,162388,68],{"class":67},[57,162390,1380],{"class":93},[57,162392,104],{"class":71},[57,162394,13112],{"class":75},[57,162396,104],{"class":71},[57,162398,107],{"class":93},[57,162400,72],{"class":71},[57,162402,36180],{"class":75},[57,162404,104],{"class":71},[57,162406,107],{"class":93},[57,162408,72],{"class":71},[57,162410,36189],{"class":75},[57,162412,104],{"class":71},[57,162414,107],{"class":93},[57,162416,72],{"class":71},[57,162418,162284],{"class":75},[57,162420,104],{"class":71},[57,162422,288],{"class":93},[57,162424,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162426,5296],{"class":63},[57,162428,68],{"class":67},[57,162430,1380],{"class":93},[57,162432,13733],{"class":1023},[57,162434,107],{"class":93},[57,162436,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162438,288],{"class":93},[57,162440,162441],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162442,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162444,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162446,119],{"class":118},[57,162448,101],{"class":93},[57,162450,2009],{"class":118},[57,162452,101],{"class":93},[57,162454,5271],{"class":97},[57,162456,9469],{"class":93},[57,162458,38626],{"class":118},[57,162460,101],{"class":93},[57,162462,16622],{"class":97},[57,162464,640],{"class":93},[20,162466,243],{},[48,162468,162470],{"className":50,"code":162469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4 2\n",[15,162471,162472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162473,162474,162476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162475,2740],{"class":1023},[57,162477,45825],{"class":1023},[20,162479,162480,162481,94],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162482,64550],{},[43,162484,92332,162486,162488],{"id":162485},"converting-zip-output",[15,162487,64550],{}," output",[20,162490,2125,162491,162493],{},[15,162492,64550],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[572,162495,136,162497],{"id":162496},"use-listzip",[15,162498,162499],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162501,162502],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[48,162504,162506],{"className":50,"code":162505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162507,162508,162540,162560,162564,162586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162511,5227],{"class":63},[57,162513,68],{"class":67},[57,162515,1380],{"class":93},[57,162517,104],{"class":71},[57,162519,13112],{"class":75},[57,162521,104],{"class":71},[57,162523,107],{"class":93},[57,162525,72],{"class":71},[57,162527,36180],{"class":75},[57,162529,104],{"class":71},[57,162531,107],{"class":93},[57,162533,72],{"class":71},[57,162535,36189],{"class":75},[57,162537,104],{"class":71},[57,162539,288],{"class":93},[57,162541,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162543,5296],{"class":63},[57,162545,68],{"class":67},[57,162547,1380],{"class":93},[57,162549,13733],{"class":1023},[57,162551,107],{"class":93},[57,162553,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162555,107],{"class":93},[57,162557,29159],{"class":1023},[57,162559,288],{"class":93},[57,162561,162562],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162563,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162565,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162567,9451],{"class":63},[57,162569,68],{"class":67},[57,162571,22796],{"class":1256},[57,162573,101],{"class":93},[57,162575,64620],{"class":118},[57,162577,101],{"class":93},[57,162579,5271],{"class":97},[57,162581,107],{"class":93},[57,162583,5343],{"class":97},[57,162585,640],{"class":93},[57,162587,162588,162590,162592,162594],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,162589,119],{"class":118},[57,162591,101],{"class":93},[57,162593,9498],{"class":97},[57,162595,112],{"class":93},[20,162597,243],{},[48,162599,162601],{"className":50,"code":162600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162602,162603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162604,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162606,21976],{"class":93},[57,162608,261],{"class":71},[57,162610,13112],{"class":75},[57,162612,261],{"class":71},[57,162614,107],{"class":93},[57,162616,20133],{"class":1023},[57,162618,9469],{"class":93},[57,162620,9472],{"class":93},[57,162622,261],{"class":71},[57,162624,36180],{"class":75},[57,162626,261],{"class":71},[57,162628,107],{"class":93},[57,162630,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162632,9469],{"class":93},[57,162634,9472],{"class":93},[57,162636,261],{"class":71},[57,162638,36189],{"class":75},[57,162640,261],{"class":71},[57,162642,107],{"class":93},[57,162644,29159],{"class":1023},[57,162646,9485],{"class":93},[572,162648,136,162650],{"id":162649},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162651,162652],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162654,162655],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[48,162657,162659],{"className":50,"code":162658,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162660,162661,162693,162721,162725,162747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162662,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162664,17476],{"class":63},[57,162666,68],{"class":67},[57,162668,1380],{"class":93},[57,162670,104],{"class":71},[57,162672,1056],{"class":75},[57,162674,104],{"class":71},[57,162676,107],{"class":93},[57,162678,72],{"class":71},[57,162680,1065],{"class":75},[57,162682,104],{"class":71},[57,162684,107],{"class":93},[57,162686,72],{"class":71},[57,162688,10644],{"class":75},[57,162690,104],{"class":71},[57,162692,288],{"class":93},[57,162694,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162696,4057],{"class":63},[57,162698,68],{"class":67},[57,162700,1380],{"class":93},[57,162702,104],{"class":71},[57,162704,13112],{"class":75},[57,162706,104],{"class":71},[57,162708,107],{"class":93},[57,162710,9541],{"class":1023},[57,162712,107],{"class":93},[57,162714,72],{"class":71},[57,162716,16264],{"class":75},[57,162718,104],{"class":71},[57,162720,288],{"class":93},[57,162722,162723],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162724,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162728,13435],{"class":63},[57,162730,68],{"class":67},[57,162732,9406],{"class":1256},[57,162734,101],{"class":93},[57,162736,64620],{"class":118},[57,162738,101],{"class":93},[57,162740,17157],{"class":97},[57,162742,107],{"class":93},[57,162744,4120],{"class":97},[57,162746,640],{"class":93},[57,162748,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,162750,119],{"class":118},[57,162752,101],{"class":93},[57,162754,17541],{"class":97},[57,162756,112],{"class":93},[20,162758,243],{},[48,162760,162762],{"className":50,"code":162761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162763,162764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162765,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162767,9514],{"class":93},[57,162769,261],{"class":71},[57,162771,1056],{"class":75},[57,162773,261],{"class":71},[57,162775,1016],{"class":93},[57,162777,271],{"class":71},[57,162779,13112],{"class":75},[57,162781,261],{"class":71},[57,162783,107],{"class":93},[57,162785,271],{"class":71},[57,162787,1065],{"class":75},[57,162789,261],{"class":71},[57,162791,1016],{"class":93},[57,162793,9541],{"class":1023},[57,162795,107],{"class":93},[57,162797,271],{"class":71},[57,162799,10644],{"class":75},[57,162801,261],{"class":71},[57,162803,1016],{"class":93},[57,162805,271],{"class":71},[57,162807,16264],{"class":75},[57,162809,261],{"class":71},[57,162811,9544],{"class":93},[20,162813,162814,162815,94],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[293,162816,31326],{"href":31325},[572,162818,162820],{"id":162819},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162822,162823],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[48,162825,162827],{"className":50,"code":162826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162828,162829,162853,162869,162873,162891,162895,162909],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162830,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162832,5227],{"class":63},[57,162834,68],{"class":67},[57,162836,1380],{"class":93},[57,162838,104],{"class":71},[57,162840,13112],{"class":75},[57,162842,104],{"class":71},[57,162844,107],{"class":93},[57,162846,72],{"class":71},[57,162848,36180],{"class":75},[57,162850,104],{"class":71},[57,162852,288],{"class":93},[57,162854,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162856,5296],{"class":63},[57,162858,68],{"class":67},[57,162860,1380],{"class":93},[57,162862,13733],{"class":1023},[57,162864,107],{"class":93},[57,162866,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162868,288],{"class":93},[57,162870,162871],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,162872,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162874,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,162876,9451],{"class":63},[57,162878,68],{"class":67},[57,162880,161604],{"class":118},[57,162882,101],{"class":93},[57,162884,5271],{"class":97},[57,162886,107],{"class":93},[57,162888,5343],{"class":97},[57,162890,112],{"class":93},[57,162892,162893],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,162894,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,162896,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,162898,119],{"class":118},[57,162900,101],{"class":93},[57,162902,1188],{"class":1256},[57,162904,101],{"class":93},[57,162906,9498],{"class":97},[57,162908,640],{"class":93},[57,162910,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,162912,119],{"class":118},[57,162914,101],{"class":93},[57,162916,1188],{"class":1256},[57,162918,101],{"class":93},[57,162920,9498],{"class":97},[57,162922,640],{"class":93},[20,162924,243],{},[48,162926,162928],{"className":50,"code":162927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162929,162930,162960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162931,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162933,21976],{"class":93},[57,162935,261],{"class":71},[57,162937,13112],{"class":75},[57,162939,261],{"class":71},[57,162941,107],{"class":93},[57,162943,20133],{"class":1023},[57,162945,9469],{"class":93},[57,162947,9472],{"class":93},[57,162949,261],{"class":71},[57,162951,36180],{"class":75},[57,162953,261],{"class":71},[57,162955,107],{"class":93},[57,162957,13738],{"class":1023},[57,162959,9485],{"class":93},[57,162961,162962],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,162963,1506],{"class":93},[20,162965,162966],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162968,162969,162970,94],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[293,162971,5369],{"href":5819},[43,162973,41286],{"id":41285},[20,162975,162976,162977,94],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162978,64550],{},[572,162980,162982],{"id":162981},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[48,162984,162986],{"className":50,"code":162985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162987,162988,163020,163040,163044,163068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162989,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162991,5227],{"class":63},[57,162993,68],{"class":67},[57,162995,1380],{"class":93},[57,162997,104],{"class":71},[57,162999,13112],{"class":75},[57,163001,104],{"class":71},[57,163003,107],{"class":93},[57,163005,72],{"class":71},[57,163007,36180],{"class":75},[57,163009,104],{"class":71},[57,163011,107],{"class":93},[57,163013,72],{"class":71},[57,163015,36189],{"class":75},[57,163017,104],{"class":71},[57,163019,288],{"class":93},[57,163021,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163023,5296],{"class":63},[57,163025,68],{"class":67},[57,163027,1380],{"class":93},[57,163029,13733],{"class":1023},[57,163031,107],{"class":93},[57,163033,13738],{"class":1023},[57,163035,107],{"class":93},[57,163037,29159],{"class":1023},[57,163039,288],{"class":93},[57,163041,163042],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163043,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163045,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163047,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163049,36231],{"class":63},[57,163051,107],{"class":93},[57,163053,5338],{"class":63},[57,163055,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163057,161604],{"class":118},[57,163059,101],{"class":93},[57,163061,5271],{"class":97},[57,163063,107],{"class":93},[57,163065,5343],{"class":97},[57,163067,8577],{"class":93},[57,163069,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163071,8304],{"class":118},[57,163073,101],{"class":93},[57,163075,22530],{"class":1326},[57,163077,104],{"class":75},[57,163079,9514],{"class":1023},[57,163081,1056],{"class":97},[57,163083,22539],{"class":1023},[57,163085,22542],{"class":75},[57,163087,9514],{"class":1023},[57,163089,85742],{"class":97},[57,163091,22539],{"class":1023},[57,163093,104],{"class":75},[57,163095,112],{"class":93},[572,163097,163099],{"id":163098},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[48,163101,163103],{"className":50,"code":163102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163104,163105,163137,163161,163165,163187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163106,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163108,17476],{"class":63},[57,163110,68],{"class":67},[57,163112,1380],{"class":93},[57,163114,104],{"class":71},[57,163116,12881],{"class":75},[57,163118,104],{"class":71},[57,163120,107],{"class":93},[57,163122,72],{"class":71},[57,163124,1056],{"class":75},[57,163126,104],{"class":71},[57,163128,107],{"class":93},[57,163130,72],{"class":71},[57,163132,16054],{"class":75},[57,163134,104],{"class":71},[57,163136,288],{"class":93},[57,163138,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163140,4057],{"class":63},[57,163142,68],{"class":67},[57,163144,1380],{"class":93},[57,163146,46828],{"class":1023},[57,163148,107],{"class":93},[57,163150,72],{"class":71},[57,163152,13112],{"class":75},[57,163154,104],{"class":71},[57,163156,107],{"class":93},[57,163158,4149],{"class":4085},[57,163160,288],{"class":93},[57,163162,163163],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163164,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163168,9401],{"class":63},[57,163170,68],{"class":67},[57,163172,9406],{"class":1256},[57,163174,101],{"class":93},[57,163176,64620],{"class":118},[57,163178,101],{"class":93},[57,163180,17157],{"class":97},[57,163182,107],{"class":93},[57,163184,4120],{"class":97},[57,163186,640],{"class":93},[57,163188,163189,163191,163193,163195],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163190,119],{"class":118},[57,163192,101],{"class":93},[57,163194,9440],{"class":97},[57,163196,112],{"class":93},[572,163198,163200],{"id":163199},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[48,163202,163204],{"className":50,"code":163203,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163205,163206,163226,163246,163250,163275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163207,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163209,80882],{"class":63},[57,163211,68],{"class":67},[57,163213,1380],{"class":93},[57,163215,941],{"class":1023},[57,163217,107],{"class":93},[57,163219,8025],{"class":1023},[57,163221,107],{"class":93},[57,163223,8030],{"class":1023},[57,163225,288],{"class":93},[57,163227,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163229,80903],{"class":63},[57,163231,68],{"class":67},[57,163233,1380],{"class":93},[57,163235,941],{"class":1023},[57,163237,107],{"class":93},[57,163239,9541],{"class":1023},[57,163241,107],{"class":93},[57,163243,8030],{"class":1023},[57,163245,288],{"class":93},[57,163247,163248],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163249,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163251,163252,163254,163256,163258,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163253,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163255,57122],{"class":63},[57,163257,107],{"class":93},[57,163259,163260],{"class":63}," b ",[57,163262,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163264,161604],{"class":118},[57,163266,101],{"class":93},[57,163268,111971],{"class":97},[57,163270,107],{"class":93},[57,163272,80946],{"class":97},[57,163274,8577],{"class":93},[57,163276,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163278,8304],{"class":118},[57,163280,101],{"class":93},[57,163282,2790],{"class":97},[57,163284,4921],{"class":67},[57,163286,2795],{"class":97},[57,163288,112],{"class":93},[20,163290,243],{},[48,163292,163294],{"className":50,"code":163293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163295,163296,163300,163304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163297,163298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163299,4213],{"class":4085},[57,163301,163302],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163303,4274],{"class":4085},[57,163305,163306],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163307,4213],{"class":4085},[572,163309,163311],{"id":163310},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[48,163313,163315],{"className":50,"code":163314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163316,163317,163352,163375,163379,163406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163318,163319,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163339,163341,163343,163345,163348,163350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163320,163321],{"class":63},"products ",[57,163323,68],{"class":67},[57,163325,1380],{"class":93},[57,163327,104],{"class":71},[57,163329,25378],{"class":75},[57,163331,104],{"class":71},[57,163333,107],{"class":93},[57,163335,72],{"class":71},[57,163337,163338],{"class":75},"Pen",[57,163340,104],{"class":71},[57,163342,107],{"class":93},[57,163344,72],{"class":71},[57,163346,163347],{"class":75},"Bag",[57,163349,104],{"class":71},[57,163351,288],{"class":93},[57,163353,163354,163356,163358,163360,163363,163365,163368,163370,163373],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163355,83272],{"class":63},[57,163357,68],{"class":67},[57,163359,1380],{"class":93},[57,163361,163362],{"class":1023},"12.5",[57,163364,107],{"class":93},[57,163366,163367],{"class":1023}," 1.2",[57,163369,107],{"class":93},[57,163371,163372],{"class":1023}," 25.0",[57,163374,288],{"class":93},[57,163376,163377],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163378,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163380,163381,163383,163385,163387,163390,163392,163394,163396,163399,163401,163404],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163382,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163384,25439],{"class":63},[57,163386,107],{"class":93},[57,163388,163389],{"class":63}," price ",[57,163391,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163393,161604],{"class":118},[57,163395,101],{"class":93},[57,163397,163398],{"class":97},"products",[57,163400,107],{"class":93},[57,163402,163403],{"class":97}," prices",[57,163405,8577],{"class":93},[57,163407,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163409,8304],{"class":118},[57,163411,101],{"class":93},[57,163413,22530],{"class":1326},[57,163415,104],{"class":75},[57,163417,9514],{"class":1023},[57,163419,27247],{"class":97},[57,163421,22539],{"class":1023},[57,163423,163424],{"class":75}," costs $",[57,163426,9514],{"class":1023},[57,163428,25387],{"class":97},[57,163430,22539],{"class":1023},[57,163432,104],{"class":75},[57,163434,112],{"class":93},[20,163436,36842,163437,94],{},[293,163438,163440],{"href":163439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[43,163442,163444,163445],{"id":163443},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163446,64550],{},[572,163448,8688,163450,163452],{"id":163449},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163451,64550],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163454,163455,163457],{},[15,163456,64550],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163459,163460],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[48,163462,163464],{"className":50,"code":163463,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163465,163466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163467,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163469,119],{"class":118},[57,163471,101],{"class":93},[57,163473,2009],{"class":118},[57,163475,101],{"class":93},[57,163477,111971],{"class":97},[57,163479,9469],{"class":93},[57,163481,38626],{"class":118},[57,163483,101],{"class":93},[57,163485,81169],{"class":97},[57,163487,640],{"class":93},[572,163489,163491],{"id":163490},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163493,69067],{},[48,163495,163497],{"className":50,"code":163496,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163498,163499,163535,163539,163552,163562,163566,163578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163500,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163502,9451],{"class":63},[57,163504,68],{"class":67},[57,163506,161604],{"class":118},[57,163508,3221],{"class":93},[57,163510,3224],{"class":1023},[57,163512,107],{"class":93},[57,163514,1024],{"class":1023},[57,163516,18296],{"class":93},[57,163518,1380],{"class":93},[57,163520,104],{"class":71},[57,163522,293],{"class":75},[57,163524,104],{"class":71},[57,163526,107],{"class":93},[57,163528,72],{"class":71},[57,163530,664],{"class":75},[57,163532,104],{"class":71},[57,163534,1280],{"class":93},[57,163536,163537],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163538,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163540,163541,163543,163545,163547,163550],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163542,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163544,6194],{"class":63},[57,163546,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163548,163549],{"class":63}," pairs",[57,163551,6628],{"class":93},[57,163553,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163555,8304],{"class":118},[57,163557,101],{"class":93},[57,163559,23547],{"class":97},[57,163561,112],{"class":93},[57,163563,163564],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163565,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163567,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576],{"class":59,"line":1266},[57,163569,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163571,6194],{"class":63},[57,163573,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163575,163549],{"class":63},[57,163577,6628],{"class":93},[57,163579,163580,163582,163584,163586],{"class":59,"line":6650},[57,163581,8304],{"class":118},[57,163583,101],{"class":93},[57,163585,23547],{"class":97},[57,163587,112],{"class":93},[20,163589,163590],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[572,163592,163594],{"id":163593},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163596,163597],{},"This is correct:",[48,163599,163601],{"className":50,"code":163600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163602,163603,163627,163643,163647,163671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163604,163605,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163606,5227],{"class":63},[57,163608,68],{"class":67},[57,163610,1380],{"class":93},[57,163612,104],{"class":71},[57,163614,13112],{"class":75},[57,163616,104],{"class":71},[57,163618,107],{"class":93},[57,163620,72],{"class":71},[57,163622,36180],{"class":75},[57,163624,104],{"class":71},[57,163626,288],{"class":93},[57,163628,163629,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163630,5296],{"class":63},[57,163632,68],{"class":67},[57,163634,1380],{"class":93},[57,163636,13733],{"class":1023},[57,163638,107],{"class":93},[57,163640,13738],{"class":1023},[57,163642,288],{"class":93},[57,163644,163645],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163646,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163648,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163650,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163652,36231],{"class":63},[57,163654,107],{"class":93},[57,163656,5338],{"class":63},[57,163658,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163660,161604],{"class":118},[57,163662,101],{"class":93},[57,163664,5271],{"class":97},[57,163666,107],{"class":93},[57,163668,5343],{"class":97},[57,163670,8577],{"class":93},[57,163672,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683],{"class":59,"line":232},[57,163674,8304],{"class":118},[57,163676,101],{"class":93},[57,163678,1056],{"class":97},[57,163680,107],{"class":93},[57,163682,131073],{"class":97},[57,163684,112],{"class":93},[20,163686,163687],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[48,163689,163691],{"className":50,"code":163690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163692,163693,163713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163694,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163696,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163698,6194],{"class":63},[57,163700,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163702,161604],{"class":118},[57,163704,101],{"class":93},[57,163706,5271],{"class":97},[57,163708,107],{"class":93},[57,163710,5343],{"class":97},[57,163712,8577],{"class":93},[57,163714,163715,163717,163719,163721],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163716,8304],{"class":118},[57,163718,101],{"class":93},[57,163720,23547],{"class":97},[57,163722,112],{"class":93},[20,163724,243],{},[48,163726,163728],{"className":50,"code":163727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163729,163730,163746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163731,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163733,101],{"class":93},[57,163735,261],{"class":71},[57,163737,13112],{"class":75},[57,163739,261],{"class":71},[57,163741,107],{"class":93},[57,163743,20133],{"class":1023},[57,163745,112],{"class":93},[57,163747,163748,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163749,101],{"class":93},[57,163751,261],{"class":71},[57,163753,36180],{"class":75},[57,163755,261],{"class":71},[57,163757,107],{"class":93},[57,163759,13738],{"class":1023},[57,163761,112],{"class":93},[20,163763,163764],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[572,163766,425,163768,163770,163771],{"id":163767},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163769,64550],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163772,35988],{},[20,163774,136,163775,163777],{},[15,163776,64550],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163779,136,163780,163782],{},[15,163781,35988],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[48,163784,163785],{"className":50,"code":36157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,163786,163787,163819,163823,163843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163788,163789,163791,163793,163795,163797,163799,163801,163803,163805,163807,163809,163811,163813,163815,163817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163790,5227],{"class":63},[57,163792,68],{"class":67},[57,163794,1380],{"class":93},[57,163796,104],{"class":71},[57,163798,13112],{"class":75},[57,163800,104],{"class":71},[57,163802,107],{"class":93},[57,163804,72],{"class":71},[57,163806,36180],{"class":75},[57,163808,104],{"class":71},[57,163810,107],{"class":93},[57,163812,72],{"class":71},[57,163814,36189],{"class":75},[57,163816,104],{"class":71},[57,163818,288],{"class":93},[57,163820,163821],{"class":59,"line":82},[57,163822,218],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":217},[57,163824,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833,163835,163837,163839,163841],{"class":59,"line":115},[57,163826,6191],{"class":4110},[57,163828,36060],{"class":63},[57,163830,107],{"class":93},[57,163832,36208],{"class":63},[57,163834,4117],{"class":4110},[57,163836,36070],{"class":118},[57,163838,101],{"class":93},[57,163840,5271],{"class":97},[57,163842,8577],{"class":93},[57,163844,163845,163847,163849,163851,163853,163855],{"class":59,"line":129},[57,163846,8304],{"class":118},[57,163848,101],{"class":93},[57,163850,36085],{"class":97},[57,163852,107],{"class":93},[57,163854,36231],{"class":97},[57,163856,112],{"class":93},[20,163858,163859,163860,94],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[293,163861,3809,163862,3742],{"href":92244},[15,163863,35988],{},[43,163865,2075],{"id":2074},[572,163867,2112,163869,5377],{"id":163868},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163870,64550],{},[20,163872,163873],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[572,163875,2099,163877,163879],{"id":163876},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163878,64550],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163881,163882],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[572,163884,163886,163887,2085],{"id":163885},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163888,64550],{},[20,163890,163891,163892,94],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163893,162499],{},[572,163895,163897,163898,2085],{"id":163896},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163899,64550],{},[20,163901,128442,163902,163904],{},[15,163903,162652],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[572,163906,163908],{"id":163907},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163910,163911],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[43,163913,2132],{"id":2131},[30,163915,163916,163921,163927,163931,163935],{},[33,163917,163918],{},[293,163919,163920],{"href":163439},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163922,163923],{},[293,163924,3809,163925,3742],{"href":92244},[15,163926,35988],{},[33,163928,163929],{},[293,163930,5448],{"href":5819},[33,163932,163933],{},[293,163934,69917],{"href":69840},[33,163936,163937],{},[293,163938,32500],{"href":31325},[2161,163940,163941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":163943},[163944,163945,163947,163948,163949,163950,163958,163964,163973,163984],{"id":45,"depth":82,"text":46},{"id":161663,"depth":82,"text":163946},"What zip() does",{"id":299,"depth":82,"text":300},{"id":162056,"depth":82,"text":162057},{"id":162233,"depth":82,"text":162234},{"id":162485,"depth":82,"text":163951,"children":163952},"Converting zip() output",[163953,163955,163957],{"id":162496,"depth":115,"text":163954},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162649,"depth":115,"text":163956},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162819,"depth":115,"text":162820},{"id":41285,"depth":82,"text":41286,"children":163959},[163960,163961,163962,163963],{"id":162981,"depth":115,"text":162982},{"id":163098,"depth":115,"text":163099},{"id":163199,"depth":115,"text":163200},{"id":163310,"depth":115,"text":163311},{"id":163443,"depth":82,"text":163965,"children":163966},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163967,163969,163970,163971],{"id":163449,"depth":115,"text":163968},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163490,"depth":115,"text":163491},{"id":163593,"depth":115,"text":163594},{"id":163767,"depth":115,"text":163972},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2074,"depth":82,"text":2075,"children":163974},[163975,163977,163979,163981,163983],{"id":163868,"depth":115,"text":163976},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163876,"depth":115,"text":163978},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163885,"depth":115,"text":163980},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163896,"depth":115,"text":163982},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163907,"depth":115,"text":163908},{"id":2131,"depth":82,"text":2132},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161505,"description":163985},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944947048]