[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163936},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method":3,"nav-reference":2144},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2137,"extension":2138,"meta":2139,"navigation":75,"path":2140,"seo":2141,"stem":2142,"__hash__":2143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2096},"minimark",[9,19,26,37,142,148,156,161,181,184,258,262,265,287,290,338,344,346,451,459,463,468,473,476,520,525,528,573,578,581,632,636,641,697,701,706,718,725,812,815,828,840,848,863,865,987,993,997,1000,1007,1155,1158,1170,1174,1179,1189,1258,1267,1318,1324,1329,1332,1352,1354,1422,1426,1431,1435,1439,1480,1483,1516,1523,1526,1555,1557,1605,1614,1619,1631,1700,1707,1716,1722,1774,1778,1781,1784,1793,1796,1846,1849,1959,1963,1970,1977,1984,1987,2019,2026,2029,2038,2046,2056,2059,2063,2092],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-startswith-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"startswith()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,36],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,30,31],{},"True"," or ",[15,34,35],{},"False"," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n","python","",[15,45,46,70,77,115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","text ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sjJ54"," \"",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"s_sjI","Python Beginner Help",[47,68,69],{"class":61},"\"\n",[47,71,73],{"class":49,"line":72},2,[47,74,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},true,"\n",[47,78,80,84,88,92,95,98,100,103,106,108,111],{"class":49,"line":79},3,[47,81,83],{"class":82},"sptTA","print",[47,85,87],{"class":86},"sP7_E","(",[47,89,91],{"class":90},"slqww","text",[47,93,94],{"class":86},".",[47,96,97],{"class":90},"startswith",[47,99,87],{"class":86},[47,101,102],{"class":61},"\"",[47,104,105],{"class":65},"Python",[47,107,102],{"class":61},[47,109,110],{"class":86},"))",[47,112,114],{"class":113},"sutJx","   # True\n",[47,116,118,120,122,124,126,128,130,132,135,137,139],{"class":49,"line":117},4,[47,119,83],{"class":82},[47,121,87],{"class":86},[47,123,91],{"class":90},[47,125,94],{"class":86},[47,127,97],{"class":90},[47,129,87],{"class":86},[47,131,102],{"class":61},[47,133,134],{"class":65},"Beginner",[47,136,102],{"class":61},[47,138,110],{"class":86},[47,140,141],{"class":113}," # False\n",[20,143,144,145,147],{},"Use ",[15,146,17],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[149,150,152,153,155],"h2",{"id":151},"what-startswith-does","What ",[15,154,17],{}," does",[20,157,158,160],{},[15,159,17],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[162,163,164,168,175,178],"ul",{},[165,166,167],"li",{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[165,169,170,171,32,173],{},"It returns ",[15,172,31],{},[15,174,35],{},[165,176,177],{},"It does not change the original string",[165,179,180],{},"It works only on strings",[20,182,183],{},"Example:",[38,185,187],{"className":40,"code":186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,188,189,202,206,232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,190,191,194,196,198,200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,192,193],{"class":53},"name ",[47,195,58],{"class":57},[47,197,62],{"class":61},[47,199,105],{"class":65},[47,201,69],{"class":61},[47,203,204],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,205,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,207,208,210,212,215,217,219,221,223,226,228,230],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,209,83],{"class":82},[47,211,87],{"class":86},[47,213,214],{"class":90},"name",[47,216,94],{"class":86},[47,218,97],{"class":90},[47,220,87],{"class":86},[47,222,102],{"class":61},[47,224,225],{"class":65},"Py",[47,227,102],{"class":61},[47,229,110],{"class":86},[47,231,114],{"class":113},[47,233,234,236,238,240,242,244,246,248,251,253,255],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,235,83],{"class":82},[47,237,87],{"class":86},[47,239,214],{"class":90},[47,241,94],{"class":86},[47,243,97],{"class":90},[47,245,87],{"class":86},[47,247,102],{"class":61},[47,249,250],{"class":65},"py",[47,252,102],{"class":61},[47,254,110],{"class":86},[47,256,257],{"class":113},"   # False\n",[149,259,261],{"id":260},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,263,264],{},"The main form is:",[38,266,268],{"className":40,"code":267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,269,270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,271,272,275,277,279,281,284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,273,274],{"class":53},"string",[47,276,94],{"class":86},[47,278,97],{"class":90},[47,280,87],{"class":86},[47,282,283],{"class":90},"prefix",[47,285,286],{"class":86},")\n",[20,288,289],{},"You can also use:",[38,291,293],{"className":40,"code":292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,294,295,315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,296,297,299,301,303,305,307,310,313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,298,274],{"class":53},[47,300,94],{"class":86},[47,302,97],{"class":90},[47,304,87],{"class":86},[47,306,283],{"class":90},[47,308,309],{"class":86},",",[47,311,312],{"class":90}," start",[47,314,286],{"class":86},[47,316,317,319,321,323,325,327,329,331,333,336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,318,274],{"class":53},[47,320,94],{"class":86},[47,322,97],{"class":90},[47,324,87],{"class":86},[47,326,283],{"class":90},[47,328,309],{"class":86},[47,330,312],{"class":90},[47,332,309],{"class":86},[47,334,335],{"class":90}," end",[47,337,286],{"class":86},[20,339,340,341,343],{},"Here, ",[15,342,283],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,345,183],{},[38,347,349],{"className":40,"code":348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,350,351,364,368,394,420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,352,353,355,357,359,362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,354,54],{"class":53},[47,356,58],{"class":57},[47,358,62],{"class":61},[47,360,361],{"class":65},"hello world",[47,363,69],{"class":61},[47,365,366],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,367,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,369,370,372,374,376,378,380,382,384,387,389,391],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,371,83],{"class":82},[47,373,87],{"class":86},[47,375,91],{"class":90},[47,377,94],{"class":86},[47,379,97],{"class":90},[47,381,87],{"class":86},[47,383,102],{"class":61},[47,385,386],{"class":65},"hello",[47,388,102],{"class":61},[47,390,110],{"class":86},[47,392,393],{"class":113},"      # True\n",[47,395,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,413,415,417],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,397,83],{"class":82},[47,399,87],{"class":86},[47,401,91],{"class":90},[47,403,94],{"class":86},[47,405,97],{"class":90},[47,407,87],{"class":86},[47,409,102],{"class":61},[47,411,412],{"class":65},"world",[47,414,102],{"class":61},[47,416,110],{"class":86},[47,418,419],{"class":113},"      # False\n",[47,421,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,447,449],{"class":49,"line":422},5,[47,424,83],{"class":82},[47,426,87],{"class":86},[47,428,91],{"class":90},[47,430,94],{"class":86},[47,432,97],{"class":90},[47,434,87],{"class":86},[47,436,102],{"class":61},[47,438,412],{"class":65},[47,440,102],{"class":61},[47,442,309],{"class":86},[47,444,446],{"class":445},"srdBf"," 6",[47,448,110],{"class":86},[47,450,114],{"class":113},[20,452,453,454,94],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[455,456,458],"a",{"href":457},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[149,460,462],{"id":461},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,464,465,467],{},[15,466,17],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[469,470,471],"h3",{"id":283},[15,472,283],{},[20,474,475],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,477,479],{"className":40,"code":478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,480,481,494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,482,483,485,487,489,492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,484,54],{"class":53},[47,486,58],{"class":57},[47,488,62],{"class":61},[47,490,491],{"class":65},"banana",[47,493,69],{"class":61},[47,495,496,498,500,502,504,506,508,510,513,515,517],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,497,83],{"class":82},[47,499,87],{"class":86},[47,501,91],{"class":90},[47,503,94],{"class":86},[47,505,97],{"class":90},[47,507,87],{"class":86},[47,509,102],{"class":61},[47,511,512],{"class":65},"ban",[47,514,102],{"class":61},[47,516,110],{"class":86},[47,518,519],{"class":113},"  # True\n",[469,521,523],{"id":522},"start",[15,524,522],{},[20,526,527],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,529,531],{"className":40,"code":530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,532,533,545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,534,535,537,539,541,543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,536,54],{"class":53},[47,538,58],{"class":57},[47,540,62],{"class":61},[47,542,361],{"class":65},[47,544,69],{"class":61},[47,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,548,83],{"class":82},[47,550,87],{"class":86},[47,552,91],{"class":90},[47,554,94],{"class":86},[47,556,97],{"class":90},[47,558,87],{"class":86},[47,560,102],{"class":61},[47,562,412],{"class":65},[47,564,102],{"class":61},[47,566,309],{"class":86},[47,568,446],{"class":445},[47,570,110],{"class":86},[47,572,519],{"class":113},[469,574,576],{"id":575},"end",[15,577,575],{},[20,579,580],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,582,584],{"className":40,"code":583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,585,586,598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,587,588,590,592,594,596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,589,54],{"class":53},[47,591,58],{"class":57},[47,593,62],{"class":61},[47,595,361],{"class":65},[47,597,69],{"class":61},[47,599,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,617,619,621,623,625,628,630],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,601,83],{"class":82},[47,603,87],{"class":86},[47,605,91],{"class":90},[47,607,94],{"class":86},[47,609,97],{"class":90},[47,611,87],{"class":86},[47,613,102],{"class":61},[47,615,616],{"class":65},"wor",[47,618,102],{"class":61},[47,620,309],{"class":86},[47,622,446],{"class":445},[47,624,309],{"class":86},[47,626,627],{"class":445}," 9",[47,629,110],{"class":86},[47,631,519],{"class":113},[469,633,635],{"id":634},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,637,638,640],{},[15,639,283],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,642,644],{"className":40,"code":643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,645,646,660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,647,648,651,653,655,658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,649,650],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,652,58],{"class":57},[47,654,62],{"class":61},[47,656,657],{"class":65},"img_001.png",[47,659,69],{"class":61},[47,661,662,664,666,669,671,673,676,678,681,683,685,687,690,692,695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,663,83],{"class":82},[47,665,87],{"class":86},[47,667,668],{"class":90},"filename",[47,670,94],{"class":86},[47,672,97],{"class":90},[47,674,675],{"class":86},"((",[47,677,102],{"class":61},[47,679,680],{"class":65},"img_",[47,682,102],{"class":61},[47,684,309],{"class":86},[47,686,62],{"class":61},[47,688,689],{"class":65},"photo_",[47,691,102],{"class":61},[47,693,694],{"class":86},")))",[47,696,519],{"class":113},[149,698,700],{"id":699},"return-value","Return value",[20,702,703,705],{},[15,704,17],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[162,707,708,713],{},[165,709,710,712],{},[15,711,31],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[165,714,715,717],{},[15,716,35],{}," if it does not",[20,719,720,721,724],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,722,723],{},"if"," statements.",[38,726,728],{"className":40,"code":727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,729,730,744,748,772,788,796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,731,732,735,737,739,742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,733,734],{"class":53},"command ",[47,736,58],{"class":57},[47,738,62],{"class":61},[47,740,741],{"class":65},"\u002Fhelp",[47,743,69],{"class":61},[47,745,746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,747,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,749,750,753,756,758,760,762,764,767,769],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,751,723],{"class":752},"sVHd0",[47,754,755],{"class":53}," command",[47,757,94],{"class":86},[47,759,97],{"class":90},[47,761,87],{"class":86},[47,763,102],{"class":61},[47,765,766],{"class":65},"\u002F",[47,768,102],{"class":61},[47,770,771],{"class":86},"):\n",[47,773,774,777,779,781,784,786],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,775,776],{"class":82},"    print",[47,778,87],{"class":86},[47,780,102],{"class":61},[47,782,783],{"class":65},"This looks like a command.",[47,785,102],{"class":61},[47,787,286],{"class":86},[47,789,790,793],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,791,792],{"class":752},"else",[47,794,795],{"class":86},":\n",[47,797,799,801,803,805,808,810],{"class":49,"line":798},6,[47,800,776],{"class":82},[47,802,87],{"class":86},[47,804,102],{"class":61},[47,806,807],{"class":65},"This is normal text.",[47,809,102],{"class":61},[47,811,286],{"class":86},[20,813,814],{},"Output:",[38,816,818],{"className":40,"code":817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,819,820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,821,822,825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,823,824],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,826,827],{"class":86},".\n",[149,829,831,832,834,835,837,838],{"id":830},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end","Using ",[15,833,17],{}," with ",[15,836,522],{}," and ",[15,839,575],{},[20,841,842,843,837,845,847],{},"The ",[15,844,522],{},[15,846,575],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[162,849,850,855,860],{},[165,851,852,854],{},[15,853,522],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[165,856,857,859],{},[15,858,575],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[165,861,862],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,864,183],{},[38,866,868],{"className":40,"code":867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,869,870,883,887,918,953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,871,872,874,876,878,881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,873,54],{"class":53},[47,875,58],{"class":57},[47,877,62],{"class":61},[47,879,880],{"class":65},"one two three",[47,882,69],{"class":61},[47,884,885],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,886,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,888,889,891,893,895,897,899,901,903,906,908,910,913,915],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,890,83],{"class":82},[47,892,87],{"class":86},[47,894,91],{"class":90},[47,896,94],{"class":86},[47,898,97],{"class":90},[47,900,87],{"class":86},[47,902,102],{"class":61},[47,904,905],{"class":65},"two",[47,907,102],{"class":61},[47,909,309],{"class":86},[47,911,912],{"class":445}," 4",[47,914,110],{"class":86},[47,916,917],{"class":113},"        # True\n",[47,919,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,937,939,941,944,946,949,951],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,921,83],{"class":82},[47,923,87],{"class":86},[47,925,91],{"class":90},[47,927,94],{"class":86},[47,929,97],{"class":90},[47,931,87],{"class":86},[47,933,102],{"class":61},[47,935,936],{"class":65},"three",[47,938,102],{"class":61},[47,940,309],{"class":86},[47,942,943],{"class":445}," 8",[47,945,309],{"class":86},[47,947,948],{"class":445}," 13",[47,950,110],{"class":86},[47,952,519],{"class":113},[47,954,955,957,959,961,963,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,982,984],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,956,83],{"class":82},[47,958,87],{"class":86},[47,960,91],{"class":90},[47,962,94],{"class":86},[47,964,97],{"class":90},[47,966,87],{"class":86},[47,968,102],{"class":61},[47,970,936],{"class":65},[47,972,102],{"class":61},[47,974,309],{"class":86},[47,976,943],{"class":445},[47,978,309],{"class":86},[47,980,981],{"class":445}," 12",[47,983,110],{"class":86},[47,985,986],{"class":113},"  # False\n",[20,988,989,990,992],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,991,575],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[149,994,996],{"id":995},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,998,999],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,1001,1002,1003,1006],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,1004,1005],{},"or"," conditions.",[38,1008,1010],{"className":40,"code":1009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,1011,1012,1026,1040,1054,1058,1084,1088,1111,1133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1013,1014,1017,1019,1021,1024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1015,1016],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,1018,58],{"class":57},[47,1020,62],{"class":61},[47,1022,1023],{"class":65},"img_101.jpg",[47,1025,69],{"class":61},[47,1027,1028,1031,1033,1035,1038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1029,1030],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,1032,58],{"class":57},[47,1034,62],{"class":61},[47,1036,1037],{"class":65},"photo_202.jpg",[47,1039,69],{"class":61},[47,1041,1042,1045,1047,1049,1052],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1043,1044],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,1046,58],{"class":57},[47,1048,62],{"class":61},[47,1050,1051],{"class":65},"doc_303.jpg",[47,1053,69],{"class":61},[47,1055,1056],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1057,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1059,1060,1063,1065,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,1061,1062],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,1064,58],{"class":57},[47,1066,1067],{"class":86}," (",[47,1069,102],{"class":61},[47,1071,680],{"class":65},[47,1073,102],{"class":61},[47,1075,309],{"class":86},[47,1077,62],{"class":61},[47,1079,689],{"class":65},[47,1081,102],{"class":61},[47,1083,286],{"class":86},[47,1085,1086],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,1087,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1089,1091,1093,1095,1098,1100,1102,1104,1107,1109],{"class":49,"line":1090},7,[47,1092,83],{"class":82},[47,1094,87],{"class":86},[47,1096,1097],{"class":90},"filename1",[47,1099,94],{"class":86},[47,1101,97],{"class":90},[47,1103,87],{"class":86},[47,1105,1106],{"class":90},"allowed",[47,1108,110],{"class":86},[47,1110,519],{"class":113},[47,1112,1114,1116,1118,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131],{"class":49,"line":1113},8,[47,1115,83],{"class":82},[47,1117,87],{"class":86},[47,1119,1120],{"class":90},"filename2",[47,1122,94],{"class":86},[47,1124,97],{"class":90},[47,1126,87],{"class":86},[47,1128,1106],{"class":90},[47,1130,110],{"class":86},[47,1132,519],{"class":113},[47,1134,1136,1138,1140,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153],{"class":49,"line":1135},9,[47,1137,83],{"class":82},[47,1139,87],{"class":86},[47,1141,1142],{"class":90},"filename3",[47,1144,94],{"class":86},[47,1146,97],{"class":90},[47,1148,87],{"class":86},[47,1150,1106],{"class":90},[47,1152,110],{"class":86},[47,1154,986],{"class":113},[20,1156,1157],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,1159,1160,1161,1169],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[455,1162,1164,1165,1168],{"href":1163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,1166,1167],{},"endswith()"," method"," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[149,1171,1173],{"id":1172},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,1175,1176,1178],{},[15,1177,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[20,1180,1181,1182,837,1185,1188],{},"That means ",[15,1183,1184],{},"\"Python\"",[15,1186,1187],{},"\"python\""," are different.",[38,1190,1192],{"className":40,"code":1191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,1193,1194,1206,1210,1234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1195,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1197,54],{"class":53},[47,1199,58],{"class":57},[47,1201,62],{"class":61},[47,1203,105],{"class":65},[47,1205,69],{"class":61},[47,1207,1208],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1209,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1211,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1213,83],{"class":82},[47,1215,87],{"class":86},[47,1217,91],{"class":90},[47,1219,94],{"class":86},[47,1221,97],{"class":90},[47,1223,87],{"class":86},[47,1225,102],{"class":61},[47,1227,225],{"class":65},[47,1229,102],{"class":61},[47,1231,110],{"class":86},[47,1233,519],{"class":113},[47,1235,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1237,83],{"class":82},[47,1239,87],{"class":86},[47,1241,91],{"class":90},[47,1243,94],{"class":86},[47,1245,97],{"class":90},[47,1247,87],{"class":86},[47,1249,102],{"class":61},[47,1251,250],{"class":65},[47,1253,102],{"class":61},[47,1255,110],{"class":86},[47,1257,986],{"class":113},[20,1259,1260,1261,94],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[455,1262,1264],{"href":1263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,1265,1266],{},"lower()",[38,1268,1270],{"className":40,"code":1269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,1271,1272,1284,1288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1275,54],{"class":53},[47,1277,58],{"class":57},[47,1279,62],{"class":61},[47,1281,105],{"class":65},[47,1283,69],{"class":61},[47,1285,1286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1287,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1289,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298,1301,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1291,83],{"class":82},[47,1293,87],{"class":86},[47,1295,91],{"class":90},[47,1297,94],{"class":86},[47,1299,1300],{"class":90},"lower",[47,1302,1303],{"class":86},"().",[47,1305,97],{"class":90},[47,1307,87],{"class":86},[47,1309,102],{"class":61},[47,1311,250],{"class":65},[47,1313,102],{"class":61},[47,1315,110],{"class":86},[47,1317,519],{"class":113},[149,1319,1321,1322],{"id":1320},"when-to-use-startswith","When to use ",[15,1323,17],{},[20,1325,1326,1328],{},[15,1327,17],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,1330,1331],{},"Common uses include:",[162,1333,1334,1337,1340,1349],{},[165,1335,1336],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[165,1338,1339],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[165,1341,1342,1343,32,1346],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,1344,1345],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,1347,1348],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[165,1350,1351],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,1353,183],{},[38,1355,1357],{"className":40,"code":1356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,1358,1359,1373,1377,1407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1360,1361,1364,1366,1368,1371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1362,1363],{"class":53},"url ",[47,1365,58],{"class":57},[47,1367,62],{"class":61},[47,1369,1370],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,1372,69],{"class":61},[47,1374,1375],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1376,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1378,1379,1381,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1380,723],{"class":752},[47,1382,1383],{"class":53}," url",[47,1385,94],{"class":86},[47,1387,97],{"class":90},[47,1389,675],{"class":86},[47,1391,102],{"class":61},[47,1393,1345],{"class":65},[47,1395,102],{"class":61},[47,1397,309],{"class":86},[47,1399,62],{"class":61},[47,1401,1348],{"class":65},[47,1403,102],{"class":61},[47,1405,1406],{"class":86},")):\n",[47,1408,1409,1411,1413,1415,1418,1420],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1410,776],{"class":82},[47,1412,87],{"class":86},[47,1414,102],{"class":61},[47,1416,1417],{"class":65},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,1419,102],{"class":61},[47,1421,286],{"class":86},[149,1423,1425],{"id":1424},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1427,1428,1429,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,1430,17],{},[469,1432,1434],{"id":1433},"using-the-wrong-letter-case","Using the wrong letter case",[20,1436,1437,1178],{},[15,1438,17],{},[38,1440,1442],{"className":40,"code":1441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,1443,1444,1456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1445,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1447,54],{"class":53},[47,1449,58],{"class":57},[47,1451,62],{"class":61},[47,1453,105],{"class":65},[47,1455,69],{"class":61},[47,1457,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1459,83],{"class":82},[47,1461,87],{"class":86},[47,1463,91],{"class":90},[47,1465,94],{"class":86},[47,1467,97],{"class":90},[47,1469,87],{"class":86},[47,1471,102],{"class":61},[47,1473,42],{"class":65},[47,1475,102],{"class":61},[47,1477,110],{"class":86},[47,1479,986],{"class":113},[20,1481,1482],{},"Fix:",[38,1484,1486],{"className":40,"code":1485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,1487,1488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1491,83],{"class":82},[47,1493,87],{"class":86},[47,1495,91],{"class":90},[47,1497,94],{"class":86},[47,1499,1300],{"class":90},[47,1501,1303],{"class":86},[47,1503,97],{"class":90},[47,1505,87],{"class":86},[47,1507,102],{"class":61},[47,1509,42],{"class":65},[47,1511,102],{"class":61},[47,1513,110],{"class":86},[47,1515,519],{"class":113},[469,1517,1519,1520,1522],{"id":1518},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value","Calling ",[15,1521,17],{}," on a non-string value",[20,1524,1525],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,1527,1529],{"className":40,"code":1528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,1530,1531,1541,1545,1550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1532,1533,1536,1538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1534,1535],{"class":53},"value ",[47,1537,58],{"class":57},[47,1539,1540],{"class":445}," 123\n",[47,1542,1543],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1544,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1546,1547],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1548,1549],{"class":113},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,1551,1552],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1553,1554],{"class":113},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,1556,1482],{},[38,1558,1560],{"className":40,"code":1559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,1561,1562,1579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1563,1564,1566,1568,1572,1574,1577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1565,1535],{"class":53},[47,1567,58],{"class":57},[47,1569,1571],{"class":1570},"sZMiF"," str",[47,1573,87],{"class":86},[47,1575,1576],{"class":445},"123",[47,1578,286],{"class":86},[47,1580,1581,1583,1585,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1599,1601,1603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1582,83],{"class":82},[47,1584,87],{"class":86},[47,1586,1587],{"class":90},"value",[47,1589,94],{"class":86},[47,1591,97],{"class":90},[47,1593,87],{"class":86},[47,1595,102],{"class":61},[47,1597,1598],{"class":65},"1",[47,1600,102],{"class":61},[47,1602,110],{"class":86},[47,1604,519],{"class":113},[469,1606,1608,1609,834,1611],{"id":1607},"confusing-startswith-with-in","Confusing ",[15,1610,17],{},[15,1612,1613],{},"in",[20,1615,1616,1618],{},[15,1617,17],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,1620,1621,1622,1624,1625,94],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,1623,1613],{}," or methods like ",[455,1626,1628],{"href":1627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,1629,1630],{},"find()",[38,1632,1634],{"className":40,"code":1633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,1635,1636,1648,1652,1676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1637,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1639,54],{"class":53},[47,1641,58],{"class":57},[47,1643,62],{"class":61},[47,1645,361],{"class":65},[47,1647,69],{"class":61},[47,1649,1650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1651,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1653,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1655,83],{"class":82},[47,1657,87],{"class":86},[47,1659,91],{"class":90},[47,1661,94],{"class":86},[47,1663,97],{"class":90},[47,1665,87],{"class":86},[47,1667,102],{"class":61},[47,1669,412],{"class":65},[47,1671,102],{"class":61},[47,1673,110],{"class":86},[47,1675,986],{"class":113},[47,1677,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1691,1694,1697],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1679,83],{"class":82},[47,1681,87],{"class":86},[47,1683,102],{"class":61},[47,1685,412],{"class":65},[47,1687,102],{"class":61},[47,1689,1690],{"class":752}," in",[47,1692,1693],{"class":90}," text",[47,1695,1696],{"class":86},")",[47,1698,1699],{"class":113},"           # True\n",[20,1701,1702,1703,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[455,1704,1706],{"href":1705},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F","how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[469,1708,1710,1711,837,1713,1715],{"id":1709},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions","Forgetting that ",[15,1712,522],{},[15,1714,575],{}," use index positions",[20,1717,1718,1719,94],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,1720,1721],{},"0",[38,1723,1725],{"className":40,"code":1724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,1726,1727,1740,1744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1728,1729,1731,1733,1735,1738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1730,54],{"class":53},[47,1732,58],{"class":57},[47,1734,62],{"class":61},[47,1736,1737],{"class":65},"abcdef",[47,1739,69],{"class":61},[47,1741,1742],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1743,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,1745,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1763,1765,1767,1770,1772],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1747,83],{"class":82},[47,1749,87],{"class":86},[47,1751,91],{"class":90},[47,1753,94],{"class":86},[47,1755,97],{"class":90},[47,1757,87],{"class":86},[47,1759,102],{"class":61},[47,1761,1762],{"class":65},"cd",[47,1764,102],{"class":61},[47,1766,309],{"class":86},[47,1768,1769],{"class":445}," 2",[47,1771,110],{"class":86},[47,1773,519],{"class":113},[469,1775,1777],{"id":1776},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,1779,1780],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,1782,1783],{},"Wrong:",[38,1785,1787],{"className":40,"code":1786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,1788,1789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1790,1791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1792,1786],{"class":113},[20,1794,1795],{},"Correct:",[38,1797,1799],{"className":40,"code":1798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,1800,1801,1813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1802,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1804,54],{"class":53},[47,1806,58],{"class":57},[47,1808,62],{"class":61},[47,1810,105],{"class":65},[47,1812,69],{"class":61},[47,1814,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1840,1842,1844],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1816,83],{"class":82},[47,1818,87],{"class":86},[47,1820,91],{"class":90},[47,1822,94],{"class":86},[47,1824,97],{"class":90},[47,1826,675],{"class":86},[47,1828,102],{"class":61},[47,1830,225],{"class":65},[47,1832,102],{"class":61},[47,1834,309],{"class":86},[47,1836,62],{"class":61},[47,1838,1839],{"class":65},"Ja",[47,1841,102],{"class":61},[47,1843,694],{"class":86},[47,1845,519],{"class":113},[20,1847,1848],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,1850,1852],{"className":40,"code":1851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,1853,1854,1864,1880,1902,1928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1855,1856,1858,1860,1862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1857,83],{"class":82},[47,1859,87],{"class":86},[47,1861,91],{"class":90},[47,1863,286],{"class":86},[47,1865,1866,1868,1870,1873,1875,1877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1867,83],{"class":82},[47,1869,87],{"class":86},[47,1871,1872],{"class":1570},"type",[47,1874,87],{"class":86},[47,1876,91],{"class":90},[47,1878,1879],{"class":86},"))\n",[47,1881,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1898,1900],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,1883,83],{"class":82},[47,1885,87],{"class":86},[47,1887,91],{"class":90},[47,1889,94],{"class":86},[47,1891,97],{"class":90},[47,1893,87],{"class":86},[47,1895,102],{"class":61},[47,1897,225],{"class":65},[47,1899,102],{"class":61},[47,1901,1879],{"class":86},[47,1903,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,1905,83],{"class":82},[47,1907,87],{"class":86},[47,1909,91],{"class":90},[47,1911,94],{"class":86},[47,1913,1300],{"class":90},[47,1915,1303],{"class":86},[47,1917,97],{"class":90},[47,1919,87],{"class":86},[47,1921,102],{"class":61},[47,1923,250],{"class":65},[47,1925,102],{"class":61},[47,1927,1879],{"class":86},[47,1929,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950,1952,1954,1956],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,1931,83],{"class":82},[47,1933,87],{"class":86},[47,1935,91],{"class":90},[47,1937,94],{"class":86},[47,1939,97],{"class":90},[47,1941,675],{"class":86},[47,1943,102],{"class":61},[47,1945,225],{"class":65},[47,1947,102],{"class":61},[47,1949,309],{"class":86},[47,1951,62],{"class":61},[47,1953,1839],{"class":65},[47,1955,102],{"class":61},[47,1957,1958],{"class":86},")))\n",[149,1960,1962],{"id":1961},"faq","FAQ",[469,1964,1966,1967,1969],{"id":1965},"does-startswith-change-the-string","Does ",[15,1968,17],{}," change the string?",[20,1971,1972,1973,32,1975,94],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,1974,31],{},[15,1976,35],{},[469,1978,1980,1981,1983],{"id":1979},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix","Can ",[15,1982,17],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,1985,1986],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,1988,1990],{"className":40,"code":1989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,1991,1992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1993,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2015,2017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1995,91],{"class":53},[47,1997,94],{"class":86},[47,1999,97],{"class":90},[47,2001,675],{"class":86},[47,2003,102],{"class":61},[47,2005,455],{"class":65},[47,2007,102],{"class":61},[47,2009,309],{"class":86},[47,2011,62],{"class":61},[47,2013,2014],{"class":65},"b",[47,2016,102],{"class":61},[47,2018,1879],{"class":86},[469,2020,2022,2023,2025],{"id":2021},"is-startswith-case-sensitive","Is ",[15,2024,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,2027,2028],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[469,2030,2032,2033,837,2035,2037],{"id":2031},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in","What is the difference between ",[15,2034,17],{},[15,2036,1613],{},"?",[20,2039,2040,2042,2043,2045],{},[15,2041,17],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,2044,1613],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[469,2047,2049,2050,837,2052,834,2054,2037],{"id":2048},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith","Can I use ",[15,2051,522],{},[15,2053,575],{},[15,2055,17],{},[20,2057,2058],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[149,2060,2062],{"id":2061},"see-also","See also",[162,2064,2065,2071,2077,2083,2088],{},[165,2066,2067],{},[455,2068,1164,2069,1168],{"href":1163},[15,2070,1167],{},[165,2072,2073],{},[455,2074,1164,2075,1168],{"href":1627},[15,2076,1630],{},[165,2078,2079],{},[455,2080,1164,2081,1168],{"href":1263},[15,2082,1266],{},[165,2084,2085],{},[455,2086,2087],{"href":1705},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[165,2089,2090],{},[455,2091,458],{"href":457},[2093,2094,2095],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":2097},[2098,2100,2101,2107,2108,2110,2111,2112,2114,2124,2136],{"id":151,"depth":72,"text":2099},"What startswith() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":461,"depth":72,"text":462,"children":2102},[2103,2104,2105,2106],{"id":283,"depth":79,"text":283},{"id":522,"depth":79,"text":522},{"id":575,"depth":79,"text":575},{"id":634,"depth":79,"text":635},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":830,"depth":72,"text":2109},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":995,"depth":72,"text":996},{"id":1172,"depth":72,"text":1173},{"id":1320,"depth":72,"text":2113},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":2115},[2116,2117,2119,2121,2123],{"id":1433,"depth":79,"text":1434},{"id":1518,"depth":79,"text":2118},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":1607,"depth":79,"text":2120},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":1709,"depth":79,"text":2122},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":1776,"depth":79,"text":1777},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":2125},[2126,2128,2130,2132,2134],{"id":1965,"depth":79,"text":2127},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":1979,"depth":79,"text":2129},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":2021,"depth":79,"text":2131},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":2031,"depth":79,"text":2133},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":2048,"depth":79,"text":2135},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":5,"description":2137},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",[2145,3747,5456,7150,9284,11486,13005,15182,17387,19845,21681,24246,26345,28625,30572,32480,34477,35915,37741,40264,42425,43652,45021,46669,48990,50831,52811,54503,55756,57450,59201,61171,62920,65020,66379,68330,69892,71883,73678,75577,78019,80096,82736,84765,86728,88916,90920,93233,94915,96360,97554,98732,100572,103012,104716,106731,108255,109500,110663,112045,114116,116013,117787,119653,121772,123511,124960,126551,128459,130133,132068,133557,136339,137915,139473,141500,143301,144764,145953,147839,149250,150946,152500,153922,155325,157223,159617,161448],{"id":2146,"title":2147,"body":2148,"description":3741,"extension":2138,"meta":3742,"navigation":75,"path":3743,"seo":3744,"stem":3745,"__hash__":3746},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2149,"toc":3713},[2150,2153,2159,2162,2173,2176,2180,2246,2248,2268,2273,2277,2282,2285,2300,2303,2329,2332,2334,2337,2353,2356,2383,2385,2445,2447,2462,2472,2483,2487,2490,2544,2546,2566,2569,2593,2600,2604,2609,2615,2617,2653,2655,2664,2670,2688,2691,2703,2707,2712,2716,2719,2740,2742,2800,2802,2810,2813,2817,2849,2851,2859,2862,2866,2871,2919,2921,2929,2933,2993,2995,3003,3006,3008,3012,3015,3038,3047,3063,3113,3115,3130,3141,3145,3148,3177,3184,3188,3193,3234,3236,3247,3250,3293,3295,3303,3307,3312,3334,3336,3345,3354,3358,3363,3385,3387,3457,3459,3511,3514,3517,3520,3599,3601,3632,3634,3638,3641,3645,3648,3652,3655,3659,3671,3675,3678,3680,3710],[10,2151,2147],{"id":2152},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2154,842,2155,2158],{},[15,2156,2157],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2160,2161],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[162,2163,2164,2167,2170],{},[165,2165,2166],{},"a number without its negative sign",[165,2168,2169],{},"the distance between two numbers",[165,2171,2172],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2174,2175],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[149,2177,2179],{"id":2178},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,2181,2183],{"className":40,"code":2182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2184,2185,2204,2219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2186,2187,2189,2191,2194,2196,2199,2202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2188,83],{"class":82},[47,2190,87],{"class":86},[47,2192,2193],{"class":82},"abs",[47,2195,87],{"class":86},[47,2197,2198],{"class":57},"-",[47,2200,2201],{"class":445},"7",[47,2203,1879],{"class":86},[47,2205,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214,2217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2207,83],{"class":82},[47,2209,87],{"class":86},[47,2211,2193],{"class":82},[47,2213,87],{"class":86},[47,2215,2216],{"class":445},"3.5",[47,2218,1879],{"class":86},[47,2220,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2234,2237,2240,2244],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2222,83],{"class":82},[47,2224,87],{"class":86},[47,2226,2193],{"class":82},[47,2228,87],{"class":86},[47,2230,2198],{"class":57},[47,2232,2233],{"class":445},"2",[47,2235,2236],{"class":57},"+",[47,2238,2239],{"class":445},"3",[47,2241,2243],{"class":2242},"sbsja","j",[47,2245,1879],{"class":86},[20,2247,814],{},[38,2249,2251],{"className":40,"code":2250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2252,2253,2258,2263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2254,2255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2256,2257],{"class":445},"7\n",[47,2259,2260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2261,2262],{"class":445},"3.5\n",[47,2264,2265],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2266,2267],{"class":445},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2269,144,2270,2272],{},[15,2271,2157],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[149,2274,2276],{"id":2275},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2278,2279,2281],{},[15,2280,2157],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2283,2284],{},"That means:",[162,2286,2287,2290,2293],{},[165,2288,2289],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[165,2291,2292],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[165,2294,2295,2297,2298],{},[15,2296,1721],{}," stays ",[15,2299,1721],{},[20,2301,2302],{},"Examples:",[162,2304,2305,2314,2322],{},[165,2306,2307,2310,2311],{},[15,2308,2309],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2312,2313],{},"5",[165,2315,2316,2310,2319],{},[15,2317,2318],{},"abs(9)",[15,2320,2321],{},"9",[165,2323,2324,2310,2327],{},[15,2325,2326],{},"abs(0)",[15,2328,1721],{},[20,2330,2331],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[149,2333,261],{"id":260},[20,2335,2336],{},"The syntax is:",[38,2338,2340],{"className":40,"code":2339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,2341,2342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2343,2344,2346,2348,2351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2345,2193],{"class":82},[47,2347,87],{"class":86},[47,2349,2350],{"class":90},"x",[47,2352,286],{"class":86},[20,2354,2355],{},"Here:",[162,2357,2358,2375,2380],{},[165,2359,2360,2362,2363,2366,2367,2370,2371,2374],{},[15,2361,2350],{}," is usually an ",[15,2364,2365],{},"int",", ",[15,2368,2369],{},"float",", or ",[15,2372,2373],{},"complex"," number",[165,2376,2377,2379],{},[15,2378,2157],{}," returns a new value",[165,2381,2382],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2384,183],{},[38,2386,2388],{"className":40,"code":2387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2389,2390,2403,2420,2424,2434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2391,2392,2395,2397,2400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2393,2394],{"class":53},"number ",[47,2396,58],{"class":57},[47,2398,2399],{"class":57}," -",[47,2401,2402],{"class":445},"12\n",[47,2404,2405,2408,2410,2413,2415,2418],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2406,2407],{"class":53},"result ",[47,2409,58],{"class":57},[47,2411,2412],{"class":82}," abs",[47,2414,87],{"class":86},[47,2416,2417],{"class":90},"number",[47,2419,286],{"class":86},[47,2421,2422],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2423,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,2425,2426,2428,2430,2432],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,2427,83],{"class":82},[47,2429,87],{"class":86},[47,2431,2417],{"class":90},[47,2433,286],{"class":86},[47,2435,2436,2438,2440,2443],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,2437,83],{"class":82},[47,2439,87],{"class":86},[47,2441,2442],{"class":90},"result",[47,2444,286],{"class":86},[20,2446,814],{},[38,2448,2450],{"className":40,"code":2449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,2451,2452,2458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2453,2454,2456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2455,2198],{"class":57},[47,2457,2402],{"class":445},[47,2459,2460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2461,2402],{"class":445},[20,2463,2464,2465,2467,2468,2471],{},"Notice that ",[15,2466,2417],{}," is still ",[15,2469,2470],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2473,2474,2475,2482],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[455,2476,2478,2481],{"href":2477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2479,2480],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[149,2484,2486],{"id":2485},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2488,2489],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,2491,2493],{"className":40,"code":2492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2494,2495,2512,2527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2496,2497,2499,2501,2503,2505,2507,2510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2498,83],{"class":82},[47,2500,87],{"class":86},[47,2502,2193],{"class":82},[47,2504,87],{"class":86},[47,2506,2198],{"class":57},[47,2508,2509],{"class":445},"10",[47,2511,1879],{"class":86},[47,2513,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522,2525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2515,83],{"class":82},[47,2517,87],{"class":86},[47,2519,2193],{"class":82},[47,2521,87],{"class":86},[47,2523,2524],{"class":445},"8",[47,2526,1879],{"class":86},[47,2528,2529,2531,2533,2535,2537,2539,2542],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2530,83],{"class":82},[47,2532,87],{"class":86},[47,2534,2193],{"class":82},[47,2536,87],{"class":86},[47,2538,2198],{"class":57},[47,2540,2541],{"class":445},"4.2",[47,2543,1879],{"class":86},[20,2545,814],{},[38,2547,2549],{"className":40,"code":2548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2550,2551,2556,2561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2552,2553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2554,2555],{"class":445},"10\n",[47,2557,2558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2559,2560],{"class":445},"8\n",[47,2562,2563],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2564,2565],{"class":445},"4.2\n",[20,2567,2568],{},"What each line does:",[162,2570,2571,2579,2586],{},[165,2572,2573,2576,2577],{},[15,2574,2575],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2578,2509],{},[165,2580,2581,2576,2584],{},[15,2582,2583],{},"abs(8)",[15,2585,2524],{},[165,2587,2588,2576,2591],{},[15,2589,2590],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2592,2541],{},[20,2594,2595,2596,94],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[455,2597,2599],{"href":2598},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[149,2601,2603],{"id":2602},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2605,2606,2608],{},[15,2607,2157],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2610,2611,2612,2614],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2613,1721],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2616,183],{},[38,2618,2620],{"className":40,"code":2619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2621,2622,2639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2623,2624,2626,2628,2631,2634,2636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2625,1535],{"class":53},[47,2627,58],{"class":57},[47,2629,2630],{"class":445}," 3",[47,2632,2633],{"class":57}," +",[47,2635,912],{"class":445},[47,2637,2638],{"class":2242},"j\n",[47,2640,2641,2643,2645,2647,2649,2651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2642,83],{"class":82},[47,2644,87],{"class":86},[47,2646,2193],{"class":82},[47,2648,87],{"class":86},[47,2650,1587],{"class":90},[47,2652,1879],{"class":86},[20,2654,814],{},[38,2656,2658],{"className":40,"code":2657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,2659,2660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2661,2662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2663,2657],{"class":445},[20,2665,2666,2667,2037],{},"Why ",[15,2668,2669],{},"5.0",[162,2671,2672,2677,2683],{},[165,2673,2674,2675],{},"the real part is ",[15,2676,2239],{},[165,2678,2679,2680],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2681,2682],{},"4",[165,2684,2685,2686],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2687,2669],{},[20,2689,2690],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[162,2692,2693,2700],{},[165,2694,2695,2697,2698],{},[15,2696,2157],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2699,2369],{},[165,2701,2702],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[149,2704,2706],{"id":2705},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2708,2709,2710,94],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2711,2157],{},[469,2713,2715],{"id":2714},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2717,2718],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,2720,2722],{"className":40,"code":2721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2723,2724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2725,2726,2728,2730,2733,2735,2738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2727,2193],{"class":82},[47,2729,87],{"class":86},[47,2731,2732],{"class":90},"a ",[47,2734,2198],{"class":57},[47,2736,2737],{"class":90}," b",[47,2739,286],{"class":86},[20,2741,183],{},[38,2743,2745],{"className":40,"code":2744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2746,2747,2756,2766,2770,2789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2748,2749,2751,2753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2750,2732],{"class":53},[47,2752,58],{"class":57},[47,2754,2755],{"class":445}," 3\n",[47,2757,2758,2761,2763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2759,2760],{"class":53},"b ",[47,2762,58],{"class":57},[47,2764,2765],{"class":445}," 10\n",[47,2767,2768],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2769,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,2771,2772,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,2773,2774],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,2776,58],{"class":57},[47,2778,2412],{"class":82},[47,2780,87],{"class":86},[47,2782,2732],{"class":90},[47,2784,2198],{"class":57},[47,2786,2737],{"class":90},[47,2788,286],{"class":86},[47,2790,2791,2793,2795,2798],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,2792,83],{"class":82},[47,2794,87],{"class":86},[47,2796,2797],{"class":90},"distance",[47,2799,286],{"class":86},[20,2801,814],{},[38,2803,2804],{"className":40,"code":2257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2805,2806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2807,2808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2809,2257],{"class":445},[20,2811,2812],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[469,2814,2816],{"id":2815},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,2818,2820],{"className":40,"code":2819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2821,2822,2834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2823,2824,2827,2829,2831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2825,2826],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2828,58],{"class":57},[47,2830,2399],{"class":57},[47,2832,2833],{"class":445},"6\n",[47,2835,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2847],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2837,83],{"class":82},[47,2839,87],{"class":86},[47,2841,2193],{"class":82},[47,2843,87],{"class":86},[47,2845,2846],{"class":90},"temperature_change",[47,2848,1879],{"class":86},[20,2850,814],{},[38,2852,2853],{"className":40,"code":2833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2854,2855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2856,2857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2858,2833],{"class":445},[20,2860,2861],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[469,2863,2865],{"id":2864},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2867,2868,2869,2482],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2870,2157],{},[38,2872,2874],{"className":40,"code":2873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2875,2876,2888,2904,2908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2877,2878,2881,2883,2885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2879,2880],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2882,58],{"class":57},[47,2884,2399],{"class":57},[47,2886,2887],{"class":445},"25\n",[47,2889,2890,2893,2895,2897,2899,2902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2891,2892],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2894,58],{"class":57},[47,2896,2412],{"class":82},[47,2898,87],{"class":86},[47,2900,2901],{"class":90},"balance_change",[47,2903,286],{"class":86},[47,2905,2906],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2907,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,2909,2910,2912,2914,2917],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,2911,83],{"class":82},[47,2913,87],{"class":86},[47,2915,2916],{"class":90},"safe_value",[47,2918,286],{"class":86},[20,2920,814],{},[38,2922,2923],{"className":40,"code":2887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2924,2925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2926,2927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2928,2887],{"class":445},[469,2930,2932],{"id":2931},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,2934,2936],{"className":40,"code":2935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2937,2938,2948,2958,2962,2982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2939,2940,2943,2945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2941,2942],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,2944,58],{"class":57},[47,2946,2947],{"class":445}," 42\n",[47,2949,2950,2953,2955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2951,2952],{"class":53},"target ",[47,2954,58],{"class":57},[47,2956,2957],{"class":445}," 50\n",[47,2959,2960],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,2961,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,2963,2964,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2980],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,2965,2966],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,2968,58],{"class":57},[47,2970,2412],{"class":82},[47,2972,87],{"class":86},[47,2974,2942],{"class":90},[47,2976,2198],{"class":57},[47,2978,2979],{"class":90}," target",[47,2981,286],{"class":86},[47,2983,2984,2986,2988,2991],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,2985,83],{"class":82},[47,2987,87],{"class":86},[47,2989,2990],{"class":90},"difference",[47,2992,286],{"class":86},[20,2994,814],{},[38,2996,2997],{"className":40,"code":2560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2998,2999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3000,3001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3002,2560],{"class":445},[20,3004,3005],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[149,3007,1425],{"id":1424},[469,3009,3011],{"id":3010},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3013,3014],{},"This causes an error:",[38,3016,3018],{"className":40,"code":3017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3019,3020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3023,83],{"class":82},[47,3025,87],{"class":86},[47,3027,2193],{"class":82},[47,3029,87],{"class":86},[47,3031,102],{"class":61},[47,3033,2313],{"class":65},[47,3035,102],{"class":61},[47,3037,1879],{"class":86},[20,3039,3040,3043,3044,3046],{},[15,3041,3042],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3045,2157],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3048,3049,3050,32,3056,3062],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[455,3051,3053],{"href":3052},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3054,3055],{},"int()",[455,3057,3059],{"href":3058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3060,3061],{},"float()",":",[38,3064,3066],{"className":40,"code":3065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3067,3068,3090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3069,3070,3072,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3071,83],{"class":82},[47,3073,87],{"class":86},[47,3075,2193],{"class":82},[47,3077,87],{"class":86},[47,3079,2365],{"class":1570},[47,3081,87],{"class":86},[47,3083,102],{"class":61},[47,3085,2313],{"class":65},[47,3087,102],{"class":61},[47,3089,1958],{"class":86},[47,3091,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104,3106,3109,3111],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3093,83],{"class":82},[47,3095,87],{"class":86},[47,3097,2193],{"class":82},[47,3099,87],{"class":86},[47,3101,2369],{"class":1570},[47,3103,87],{"class":86},[47,3105,102],{"class":61},[47,3107,3108],{"class":65},"-3.2",[47,3110,102],{"class":61},[47,3112,1958],{"class":86},[20,3114,814],{},[38,3116,3118],{"className":40,"code":3117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3119,3120,3125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3121,3122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3123,3124],{"class":445},"5\n",[47,3126,3127],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3128,3129],{"class":445},"3.2\n",[20,3131,3132,3133,3136,3137,94],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3134,3135],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[455,3138,3140],{"href":3139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[469,3142,3144],{"id":3143},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3146,3147],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,3149,3151],{"className":40,"code":3150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3152,3153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3154,3155,3157,3159,3161,3164,3166,3168,3170,3172,3174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3156,83],{"class":82},[47,3158,87],{"class":86},[47,3160,2193],{"class":82},[47,3162,3163],{"class":86},"([",[47,3165,1598],{"class":445},[47,3167,309],{"class":86},[47,3169,1769],{"class":445},[47,3171,309],{"class":86},[47,3173,2630],{"class":445},[47,3175,3176],{"class":86},"]))\n",[20,3178,3179,3180,3183],{},"This raises a ",[15,3181,3182],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[469,3185,3187],{"id":3186},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3189,3190,3192],{},[15,3191,2157],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,3194,3196],{"className":40,"code":3195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3197,3198,3210,3220,3224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3199,3200,3203,3205,3207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3201,3202],{"class":53},"x ",[47,3204,58],{"class":57},[47,3206,2399],{"class":57},[47,3208,3209],{"class":445},"9\n",[47,3211,3212,3214,3216,3218],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3213,2193],{"class":82},[47,3215,87],{"class":86},[47,3217,2350],{"class":90},[47,3219,286],{"class":86},[47,3221,3222],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3223,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,3225,3226,3228,3230,3232],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,3227,83],{"class":82},[47,3229,87],{"class":86},[47,3231,2350],{"class":90},[47,3233,286],{"class":86},[20,3235,814],{},[38,3237,3239],{"className":40,"code":3238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,3240,3241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3242,3243,3245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3244,2198],{"class":57},[47,3246,3209],{"class":445},[20,3248,3249],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,3251,3253],{"className":40,"code":3252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3254,3255,3265,3279,3283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3256,3257,3259,3261,3263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3258,3202],{"class":53},[47,3260,58],{"class":57},[47,3262,2399],{"class":57},[47,3264,3209],{"class":445},[47,3266,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3268,3202],{"class":53},[47,3270,58],{"class":57},[47,3272,2412],{"class":82},[47,3274,87],{"class":86},[47,3276,2350],{"class":90},[47,3278,286],{"class":86},[47,3280,3281],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3282,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,3284,3285,3287,3289,3291],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,3286,83],{"class":82},[47,3288,87],{"class":86},[47,3290,2350],{"class":90},[47,3292,286],{"class":86},[20,3294,814],{},[38,3296,3297],{"className":40,"code":3209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3298,3299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3300,3301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3302,3209],{"class":445},[469,3304,3306],{"id":3305},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3308,3309,3311],{},[15,3310,2157],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,3313,3315],{"className":40,"code":3314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3316,3317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3318,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3320,83],{"class":82},[47,3322,87],{"class":86},[47,3324,2193],{"class":82},[47,3326,87],{"class":86},[47,3328,2198],{"class":57},[47,3330,3331],{"class":445},"4.7",[47,3333,1879],{"class":86},[20,3335,814],{},[38,3337,3339],{"className":40,"code":3338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,3340,3341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3342,3343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3344,3338],{"class":445},[20,3346,3347,3348,3350,3351,3353],{},"If you expected ",[15,3349,2313],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3352,2157],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[149,3355,3357],{"id":3356},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3359,3360,3362],{},[15,3361,2157],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[162,3364,3365,3372,3379],{},[165,3366,3367,3369,3370],{},[15,3368,2365],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3371,2365],{},[165,3373,3374,3376,3377],{},[15,3375,2369],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3378,2369],{},[165,3380,3381,3376,3383],{},[15,3382,2373],{},[15,3384,2369],{},[20,3386,183],{},[38,3388,3390],{"className":40,"code":3389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3391,3392,3412,3433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3393,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3395,83],{"class":82},[47,3397,87],{"class":86},[47,3399,1872],{"class":1570},[47,3401,87],{"class":86},[47,3403,2193],{"class":82},[47,3405,87],{"class":86},[47,3407,2198],{"class":57},[47,3409,2313],{"class":445},[47,3411,1958],{"class":86},[47,3413,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3415,83],{"class":82},[47,3417,87],{"class":86},[47,3419,1872],{"class":1570},[47,3421,87],{"class":86},[47,3423,2193],{"class":82},[47,3425,87],{"class":86},[47,3427,2198],{"class":57},[47,3429,3430],{"class":445},"3.2",[47,3432,1958],{"class":86},[47,3434,3435,3437,3439,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3436,83],{"class":82},[47,3438,87],{"class":86},[47,3440,1872],{"class":1570},[47,3442,87],{"class":86},[47,3444,2193],{"class":82},[47,3446,87],{"class":86},[47,3448,2239],{"class":445},[47,3450,2633],{"class":57},[47,3452,912],{"class":445},[47,3454,2243],{"class":2242},[47,3456,1958],{"class":86},[20,3458,814],{},[38,3460,3462],{"className":40,"code":3461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3463,3464,3483,3497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3465,3466,3469,3472,3475,3477,3480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3467,3468],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,3470,3471],{"class":2242},"class",[47,3473,3474],{"class":61}," '",[47,3476,2365],{"class":65},[47,3478,3479],{"class":61},"'",[47,3481,3482],{"class":57},">\n",[47,3484,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493,3495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3486,3468],{"class":57},[47,3488,3471],{"class":2242},[47,3490,3474],{"class":61},[47,3492,2369],{"class":65},[47,3494,3479],{"class":61},[47,3496,3482],{"class":57},[47,3498,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3500,3468],{"class":57},[47,3502,3471],{"class":2242},[47,3504,3474],{"class":61},[47,3506,2369],{"class":65},[47,3508,3479],{"class":61},[47,3510,3482],{"class":57},[20,3512,3513],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3515,3516],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3518,3519],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,3521,3523],{"className":40,"code":3522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3524,3525,3538,3548,3562,3566,3580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3526,3527,3529,3531,3533,3536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3528,1535],{"class":53},[47,3530,58],{"class":57},[47,3532,62],{"class":61},[47,3534,3535],{"class":65},"-5",[47,3537,69],{"class":61},[47,3539,3540,3542,3544,3546],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3541,83],{"class":82},[47,3543,87],{"class":86},[47,3545,1587],{"class":90},[47,3547,286],{"class":86},[47,3549,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3551,83],{"class":82},[47,3553,87],{"class":86},[47,3555,1872],{"class":1570},[47,3557,87],{"class":86},[47,3559,1587],{"class":90},[47,3561,1879],{"class":86},[47,3563,3564],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,3565,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,3567,3568,3571,3573,3575,3578],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,3569,3570],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,3572,58],{"class":57},[47,3574,62],{"class":61},[47,3576,3577],{"class":65},"-3.7",[47,3579,69],{"class":61},[47,3581,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3597],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,3583,83],{"class":82},[47,3585,87],{"class":86},[47,3587,2193],{"class":82},[47,3589,87],{"class":86},[47,3591,2369],{"class":1570},[47,3593,87],{"class":86},[47,3595,3596],{"class":90},"user_input",[47,3598,1958],{"class":86},[20,3600,814],{},[38,3602,3604],{"className":40,"code":3603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3605,3606,3612,3627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3607,3608,3610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3609,2198],{"class":57},[47,3611,3124],{"class":445},[47,3613,3614,3616,3618,3620,3623,3625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3615,3468],{"class":57},[47,3617,3471],{"class":2242},[47,3619,3474],{"class":61},[47,3621,3622],{"class":65},"str",[47,3624,3479],{"class":61},[47,3626,3482],{"class":57},[47,3628,3629],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3630,3631],{"class":445},"3.7\n",[149,3633,1962],{"id":1961},[469,3635,3637],{"id":3636},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3639,3640],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[469,3642,3644],{"id":3643},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3646,3647],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[469,3649,3651],{"id":3650},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3653,3654],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[469,3656,3658],{"id":3657},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3660,3661,3663,3664,32,3666,3668,3669,94],{},[15,3662,3135],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3665,3055],{},[15,3667,3061],{}," before using ",[15,3670,2157],{},[469,3672,3674],{"id":3673},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3676,3677],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[149,3679,2062],{"id":2061},[162,3681,3682,3689,3695,3701,3706],{},[165,3683,3684],{},[455,3685,3686,3688],{"href":3052},[15,3687,3055],{}," function explained",[165,3690,3691],{},[455,3692,3693,3688],{"href":3058},[15,3694,3061],{},[165,3696,3697],{},[455,3698,3699,3688],{"href":2477},[15,3700,2480],{},[165,3702,3703],{},[455,3704,3705],{"href":3139},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[165,3707,3708],{},[455,3709,2599],{"href":2598},[2093,3711,3712],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":3714},[3715,3716,3717,3718,3719,3720,3726,3732,3733,3740],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":2275,"depth":72,"text":2276},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":2485,"depth":72,"text":2486},{"id":2602,"depth":72,"text":2603},{"id":2705,"depth":72,"text":2706,"children":3721},[3722,3723,3724,3725],{"id":2714,"depth":79,"text":2715},{"id":2815,"depth":79,"text":2816},{"id":2864,"depth":79,"text":2865},{"id":2931,"depth":79,"text":2932},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":3727},[3728,3729,3730,3731],{"id":3010,"depth":79,"text":3011},{"id":3143,"depth":79,"text":3144},{"id":3186,"depth":79,"text":3187},{"id":3305,"depth":79,"text":3306},{"id":3356,"depth":72,"text":3357},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":3734},[3735,3736,3737,3738,3739],{"id":3636,"depth":79,"text":3637},{"id":3643,"depth":79,"text":3644},{"id":3650,"depth":79,"text":3651},{"id":3657,"depth":79,"text":3658},{"id":3673,"depth":79,"text":3674},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2147,"description":3741},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3748,"title":3749,"body":3750,"description":5450,"extension":2138,"meta":5451,"navigation":75,"path":5452,"seo":5453,"stem":5454,"__hash__":5455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3751,"toc":5414},[3752,3760,3766,3769,3785,3789,3845,3854,3859,3863,3882,3885,3902,3905,3909,3917,3935,3938,3978,3981,3988,3994,4069,4071,4103,4109,4113,4117,4156,4158,4167,4174,4178,4217,4219,4228,4238,4242,4297,4299,4307,4310,4313,4360,4362,4370,4376,4383,4388,4391,4394,4461,4463,4471,4474,4541,4543,4551,4565,4568,4579,4583,4589,4592,4594,4610,4612,4620,4623,4626,4629,4646,4649,4652,4682,4684,4697,4701,4705,4708,4723,4728,4731,4758,4765,4768,4808,4815,4821,4829,4832,4884,4890,4953,4958,4967,4970,4988,4994,4997,5139,5144,5149,5152,5163,5166,5222,5224,5232,5235,5294,5296,5304,5307,5318,5320,5327,5335,5344,5347,5353,5356,5364,5377,5379,5411],[10,3753,3755,3756,3759],{"id":3754},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3757,3758],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3761,3762,3763,3765],{},"Python’s ",[15,3764,3758],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3767,3768],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[162,3770,3771,3774,3777],{},[165,3772,3773],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[165,3775,3776],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[165,3778,3779,2576,3782,3784],{},[15,3780,3781],{},"all([])",[15,3783,31],{},", which often seems strange at first",[149,3786,3788],{"id":3787},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,3790,3792],{"className":40,"code":3791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3793,3794,3817,3833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3795,3796,3799,3801,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3797,3798],{"class":53},"numbers ",[47,3800,58],{"class":57},[47,3802,3803],{"class":86}," [",[47,3805,1598],{"class":445},[47,3807,309],{"class":86},[47,3809,1769],{"class":445},[47,3811,309],{"class":86},[47,3813,2630],{"class":445},[47,3815,3816],{"class":86},"]\n",[47,3818,3819,3821,3823,3826,3828,3831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3820,2407],{"class":53},[47,3822,58],{"class":57},[47,3824,3825],{"class":82}," all",[47,3827,87],{"class":86},[47,3829,3830],{"class":90},"numbers",[47,3832,286],{"class":86},[47,3834,3835,3837,3839,3841,3843],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,3836,83],{"class":82},[47,3838,87],{"class":86},[47,3840,2442],{"class":90},[47,3842,1696],{"class":86},[47,3844,519],{"class":113},[20,3846,3847,2576,3849,3851,3852,94],{},[15,3848,3758],{},[15,3850,31],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3853,35],{},[149,3855,152,3857,155],{"id":3856},"what-all-does",[15,3858,3758],{},[20,3860,3861,3062],{},[15,3862,3758],{},[162,3864,3865,3868,3874,3879],{},[165,3866,3867],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[165,3869,3870,3871,3873],{},"returns ",[15,3872,31],{}," if all items are truthy",[165,3875,3870,3876,3878],{},[15,3877,35],{}," if any item is falsy",[165,3880,3881],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3883,3884],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,3886,3888],{"className":40,"code":3887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3889,3890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3891,3892,3895,3897,3900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3893,3894],{"class":82},"all",[47,3896,87],{"class":86},[47,3898,3899],{"class":90},"iterable",[47,3901,286],{"class":86},[20,3903,3904],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[149,3906,3908],{"id":3907},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3910,3911,3912,32,3914,3916],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3913,31],{},[15,3915,35],{}," in conditions.",[162,3918,3919,3928],{},[165,3920,3921,3925,3926],{},[3922,3923,3924],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3927,31],{},[165,3929,3930,3925,3933],{},[3922,3931,3932],{},"Falsy",[15,3934,35],{},[20,3936,3937],{},"Common falsy values include:",[162,3939,3940,3944,3949,3954,3959,3963,3968,3973],{},[165,3941,3942],{},[15,3943,1721],{},[165,3945,3946],{},[15,3947,3948],{},"0.0",[165,3950,3951],{},[15,3952,3953],{},"''",[165,3955,3956],{},[15,3957,3958],{},"None",[165,3960,3961],{},[15,3962,35],{},[165,3964,3965],{},[15,3966,3967],{},"[]",[165,3969,3970],{},[15,3971,3972],{},"{}",[165,3974,3975],{},[15,3976,3977],{},"set()",[20,3979,3980],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3982,3983,3984,94],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[455,3985,3987],{"href":3986},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3989,3990,3991,3062],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3992,3993],{},"bool()",[38,3995,3997],{"className":40,"code":3996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3998,3999,4036,4040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4000,4001,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4015,4017,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4002,4003],{"class":53},"values ",[47,4005,58],{"class":57},[47,4007,3803],{"class":86},[47,4009,1598],{"class":445},[47,4011,309],{"class":86},[47,4013,4014],{"class":445}," 0",[47,4016,309],{"class":86},[47,4018,4019],{"class":61}," ''",[47,4021,309],{"class":86},[47,4023,3474],{"class":61},[47,4025,386],{"class":65},[47,4027,3479],{"class":61},[47,4029,309],{"class":86},[47,4031,4033],{"class":4032},"s39Yj"," None",[47,4035,3816],{"class":86},[47,4037,4038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4039,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,4041,4042,4044,4046,4049,4051,4053,4055,4058,4061,4063,4066],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,4043,83],{"class":82},[47,4045,3163],{"class":86},[47,4047,4048],{"class":1570},"bool",[47,4050,87],{"class":86},[47,4052,2350],{"class":90},[47,4054,1696],{"class":86},[47,4056,4057],{"class":752}," for",[47,4059,4060],{"class":90}," x ",[47,4062,1613],{"class":752},[47,4064,4065],{"class":90}," values",[47,4067,4068],{"class":86},"])\n",[20,4070,814],{},[38,4072,4074],{"className":40,"code":4073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4075,4076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4077,4078,4081,4083,4085,4088,4090,4092,4094,4097,4099,4101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4079,4080],{"class":86},"[",[47,4082,31],{"class":4032},[47,4084,309],{"class":86},[47,4086,4087],{"class":4032}," False",[47,4089,309],{"class":86},[47,4091,4087],{"class":4032},[47,4093,309],{"class":86},[47,4095,4096],{"class":4032}," True",[47,4098,309],{"class":86},[47,4100,4087],{"class":4032},[47,4102,3816],{"class":86},[20,4104,4105,4106,4108],{},"This matters because ",[15,4107,3758],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[149,4110,4112],{"id":4111},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[469,4114,4116],{"id":4115},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,4118,4120],{"className":40,"code":4119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4121,4122,4142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4123,4124,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4125,3798],{"class":53},[47,4127,58],{"class":57},[47,4129,3803],{"class":86},[47,4131,1598],{"class":445},[47,4133,309],{"class":86},[47,4135,1769],{"class":445},[47,4137,309],{"class":86},[47,4139,2630],{"class":445},[47,4141,3816],{"class":86},[47,4143,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4145,83],{"class":82},[47,4147,87],{"class":86},[47,4149,3894],{"class":82},[47,4151,87],{"class":86},[47,4153,3830],{"class":90},[47,4155,1879],{"class":86},[20,4157,814],{},[38,4159,4161],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n",[15,4162,4163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4164,4165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4166,4160],{"class":4032},[20,4168,4169,4170,2576,4172,94],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4171,3758],{},[15,4173,31],{},[469,4175,4177],{"id":4176},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,4179,4181],{"className":40,"code":4180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4182,4183,4203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4184,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4186,3798],{"class":53},[47,4188,58],{"class":57},[47,4190,3803],{"class":86},[47,4192,1598],{"class":445},[47,4194,309],{"class":86},[47,4196,4014],{"class":445},[47,4198,309],{"class":86},[47,4200,2630],{"class":445},[47,4202,3816],{"class":86},[47,4204,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4206,83],{"class":82},[47,4208,87],{"class":86},[47,4210,3894],{"class":82},[47,4212,87],{"class":86},[47,4214,3830],{"class":90},[47,4216,1879],{"class":86},[20,4218,814],{},[38,4220,4222],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,4223,4224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4225,4226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4227,4221],{"class":4032},[20,4229,4230,4231,4233,4234,2576,4236,94],{},"The value ",[15,4232,1721],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4235,3758],{},[15,4237,35],{},[469,4239,4241],{"id":4240},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,4243,4245],{"className":40,"code":4244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4246,4247,4282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4248,4249,4252,4254,4256,4258,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4278,4280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4250,4251],{"class":53},"words ",[47,4253,58],{"class":57},[47,4255,3803],{"class":86},[47,4257,3479],{"class":61},[47,4259,4260],{"class":65},"apple",[47,4262,3479],{"class":61},[47,4264,309],{"class":86},[47,4266,3474],{"class":61},[47,4268,491],{"class":65},[47,4270,3479],{"class":61},[47,4272,309],{"class":86},[47,4274,3474],{"class":61},[47,4276,4277],{"class":65},"cherry",[47,4279,3479],{"class":61},[47,4281,3816],{"class":86},[47,4283,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4295],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4285,83],{"class":82},[47,4287,87],{"class":86},[47,4289,3894],{"class":82},[47,4291,87],{"class":86},[47,4293,4294],{"class":90},"words",[47,4296,1879],{"class":86},[20,4298,814],{},[38,4300,4301],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4302,4303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4304,4305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4306,4160],{"class":4032},[20,4308,4309],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4311,4312],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,4314,4316],{"className":40,"code":4315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4317,4318,4346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4319,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4321,4251],{"class":53},[47,4323,58],{"class":57},[47,4325,3803],{"class":86},[47,4327,3479],{"class":61},[47,4329,4260],{"class":65},[47,4331,3479],{"class":61},[47,4333,309],{"class":86},[47,4335,4019],{"class":61},[47,4337,309],{"class":86},[47,4339,3474],{"class":61},[47,4341,4277],{"class":65},[47,4343,3479],{"class":61},[47,4345,3816],{"class":86},[47,4347,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4349,83],{"class":82},[47,4351,87],{"class":86},[47,4353,3894],{"class":82},[47,4355,87],{"class":86},[47,4357,4294],{"class":90},[47,4359,1879],{"class":86},[20,4361,814],{},[38,4363,4364],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4365,4366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4367,4368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4369,4221],{"class":4032},[20,4371,4372,4373,4375],{},"The empty string ",[15,4374,3953],{}," is falsy.",[149,4377,4379,4380,4382],{"id":4378},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4381,3758],{}," works with conditions",[20,4384,4385,4387],{},[15,4386,3758],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4389,4390],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4392,4393],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,4395,4397],{"className":40,"code":4396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4398,4399,4419,4447,4451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4400,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4402,3798],{"class":53},[47,4404,58],{"class":57},[47,4406,3803],{"class":86},[47,4408,1598],{"class":445},[47,4410,309],{"class":86},[47,4412,1769],{"class":445},[47,4414,309],{"class":86},[47,4416,2630],{"class":445},[47,4418,3816],{"class":86},[47,4420,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442,4445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4422,2407],{"class":53},[47,4424,58],{"class":57},[47,4426,3825],{"class":82},[47,4428,87],{"class":86},[47,4430,3202],{"class":90},[47,4432,4433],{"class":57},">",[47,4435,4014],{"class":445},[47,4437,4057],{"class":752},[47,4439,4060],{"class":90},[47,4441,1613],{"class":752},[47,4443,4444],{"class":90}," numbers",[47,4446,286],{"class":86},[47,4448,4449],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,4450,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,4452,4453,4455,4457,4459],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,4454,83],{"class":82},[47,4456,87],{"class":86},[47,4458,2442],{"class":90},[47,4460,286],{"class":86},[20,4462,814],{},[38,4464,4465],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4466,4467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4468,4469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4470,4160],{"class":4032},[20,4472,4473],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,4475,4477],{"className":40,"code":4476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4478,4479,4501,4527,4531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4480,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4482,3798],{"class":53},[47,4484,58],{"class":57},[47,4486,3803],{"class":86},[47,4488,1598],{"class":445},[47,4490,309],{"class":86},[47,4492,2399],{"class":57},[47,4494,2233],{"class":445},[47,4496,309],{"class":86},[47,4498,2630],{"class":445},[47,4500,3816],{"class":86},[47,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4504,2407],{"class":53},[47,4506,58],{"class":57},[47,4508,3825],{"class":82},[47,4510,87],{"class":86},[47,4512,3202],{"class":90},[47,4514,4433],{"class":57},[47,4516,4014],{"class":445},[47,4518,4057],{"class":752},[47,4520,4060],{"class":90},[47,4522,1613],{"class":752},[47,4524,4444],{"class":90},[47,4526,286],{"class":86},[47,4528,4529],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,4530,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,4532,4533,4535,4537,4539],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,4534,83],{"class":82},[47,4536,87],{"class":86},[47,4538,2442],{"class":90},[47,4540,286],{"class":86},[20,4542,814],{},[38,4544,4545],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4546,4547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4548,4549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4550,4221],{"class":4032},[20,4552,4553,4554,4557,4558,4560,4561,2576,4563,94],{},"The expression ",[15,4555,4556],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4559,31],{},", then ",[15,4562,3758],{},[15,4564,31],{},[20,4566,4567],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4569,4570,4571,837,4575,94],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[455,4572,4574],{"href":4573},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[455,4576,4578],{"href":4577},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[149,4580,4582],{"id":4581},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4584,4585,2576,4587,94],{},[15,4586,3781],{},[15,4588,31],{},[20,4590,4591],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4593,183],{},[38,4595,4597],{"className":40,"code":4596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4598,4599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4600,4601,4603,4605,4607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4602,83],{"class":82},[47,4604,87],{"class":86},[47,4606,3894],{"class":82},[47,4608,4609],{"class":86},"([]))\n",[20,4611,814],{},[38,4613,4614],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4615,4616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4617,4618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4619,4160],{"class":4032},[20,4621,4622],{},"Why?",[20,4624,4625],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4627,4628],{},"Think of it this way:",[162,4630,4631,4638,4641],{},[165,4632,4633,2576,4635,4637],{},[15,4634,3758],{},[15,4636,35],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[165,4639,4640],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[165,4642,4643,4644],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4645,35],{},[20,4647,4648],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4650,4651],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,4653,4655],{"className":40,"code":4654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4656,4657,4668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4658,4659,4661,4663,4665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4660,83],{"class":82},[47,4662,87],{"class":86},[47,4664,3894],{"class":82},[47,4666,4667],{"class":86},"(()))\n",[47,4669,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4671,83],{"class":82},[47,4673,87],{"class":86},[47,4675,3894],{"class":82},[47,4677,87],{"class":86},[47,4679,3953],{"class":61},[47,4681,1879],{"class":86},[20,4683,814],{},[38,4685,4687],{"className":40,"code":4686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4688,4689,4693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4690,4691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4692,4160],{"class":4032},[47,4694,4695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4696,4160],{"class":4032},[149,4698,4700],{"id":4699},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[469,4702,4704],{"id":4703},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4706,4707],{},"This is wrong:",[38,4709,4711],{"className":40,"code":4710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4712,4713,4718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4714,4715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4716,4717],{"class":113},"# Wrong\n",[47,4719,4720],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4721,4722],{"class":113},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4724,4725,4727],{},[15,4726,3758],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4729,4730],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,4732,4734],{"className":40,"code":4733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4735,4736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4737,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4739,83],{"class":82},[47,4741,87],{"class":86},[47,4743,3894],{"class":82},[47,4745,3163],{"class":86},[47,4747,1598],{"class":445},[47,4749,309],{"class":86},[47,4751,1769],{"class":445},[47,4753,309],{"class":86},[47,4755,2630],{"class":445},[47,4757,3176],{"class":86},[469,4759,4761,4762,4764],{"id":4760},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4763,3758],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4766,4767],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,4769,4771],{"className":40,"code":4770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4772,4773,4794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4774,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4788,4790,4792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4776,3798],{"class":53},[47,4778,58],{"class":57},[47,4780,3803],{"class":86},[47,4782,2313],{"class":445},[47,4784,309],{"class":86},[47,4786,4787],{"class":445}," 5",[47,4789,309],{"class":86},[47,4791,4787],{"class":445},[47,4793,3816],{"class":86},[47,4795,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4797,83],{"class":82},[47,4799,87],{"class":86},[47,4801,3894],{"class":82},[47,4803,87],{"class":86},[47,4805,3830],{"class":90},[47,4807,1879],{"class":86},[20,4809,4810,4811,4814],{},"This does ",[3922,4812,4813],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4816,4817,4818,4820],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4819,2313],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,4822,4823],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4824,4825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4826,4827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4828,4160],{"class":4032},[20,4830,4831],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,4833,4835],{"className":40,"code":4834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4836,4837,4857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4838,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4840,3798],{"class":53},[47,4842,58],{"class":57},[47,4844,3803],{"class":86},[47,4846,2313],{"class":445},[47,4848,309],{"class":86},[47,4850,4787],{"class":445},[47,4852,309],{"class":86},[47,4854,4787],{"class":445},[47,4856,3816],{"class":86},[47,4858,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4860,83],{"class":82},[47,4862,87],{"class":86},[47,4864,3894],{"class":82},[47,4866,87],{"class":86},[47,4868,3202],{"class":90},[47,4870,4871],{"class":57},"==",[47,4873,4787],{"class":445},[47,4875,4057],{"class":752},[47,4877,4060],{"class":90},[47,4879,1613],{"class":752},[47,4881,4444],{"class":90},[47,4883,1879],{"class":86},[469,4885,1710,4887,4889],{"id":4886},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4888,1721],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,4891,4893],{"className":40,"code":4892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4894,4895,4921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4896,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4898,83],{"class":82},[47,4900,87],{"class":86},[47,4902,3894],{"class":82},[47,4904,3163],{"class":86},[47,4906,1598],{"class":445},[47,4908,309],{"class":86},[47,4910,1769],{"class":445},[47,4912,309],{"class":86},[47,4914,4014],{"class":445},[47,4916,4917],{"class":86},"]))",[47,4919,4920],{"class":113},"       # False\n",[47,4922,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4924,83],{"class":82},[47,4926,87],{"class":86},[47,4928,3894],{"class":82},[47,4930,3163],{"class":86},[47,4932,3479],{"class":61},[47,4934,455],{"class":65},[47,4936,3479],{"class":61},[47,4938,309],{"class":86},[47,4940,3474],{"class":61},[47,4942,2014],{"class":65},[47,4944,3479],{"class":61},[47,4946,309],{"class":86},[47,4948,4019],{"class":61},[47,4950,4917],{"class":86},[47,4952,986],{"class":113},[20,4954,4955,4956,94],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4957,35],{},[469,4959,4961,4962,4964,4965],{"id":4960},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4963,3781],{}," is ",[15,4966,31],{},[20,4968,4969],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,4971,4973],{"className":40,"code":4972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4974,4975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983,4986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4978,83],{"class":82},[47,4980,87],{"class":86},[47,4982,3894],{"class":82},[47,4984,4985],{"class":86},"([]))",[47,4987,519],{"class":113},[20,4989,4990,4991,4993],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4992,31],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4995,4996],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,4998,5000],{"className":40,"code":4999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5001,5002,5024,5046,5093,5129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5003,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5005,83],{"class":82},[47,5007,87],{"class":86},[47,5009,3894],{"class":82},[47,5011,3163],{"class":86},[47,5013,1598],{"class":445},[47,5015,309],{"class":86},[47,5017,1769],{"class":445},[47,5019,309],{"class":86},[47,5021,2630],{"class":445},[47,5023,3176],{"class":86},[47,5025,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5027,83],{"class":82},[47,5029,87],{"class":86},[47,5031,3894],{"class":82},[47,5033,3163],{"class":86},[47,5035,1598],{"class":445},[47,5037,309],{"class":86},[47,5039,4014],{"class":445},[47,5041,309],{"class":86},[47,5043,2630],{"class":445},[47,5045,3176],{"class":86},[47,5047,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,5049,83],{"class":82},[47,5051,3163],{"class":86},[47,5053,4048],{"class":1570},[47,5055,87],{"class":86},[47,5057,2350],{"class":90},[47,5059,1696],{"class":86},[47,5061,4057],{"class":752},[47,5063,4060],{"class":90},[47,5065,1613],{"class":752},[47,5067,3803],{"class":86},[47,5069,1598],{"class":445},[47,5071,309],{"class":86},[47,5073,4014],{"class":445},[47,5075,309],{"class":86},[47,5077,4019],{"class":61},[47,5079,309],{"class":86},[47,5081,3474],{"class":61},[47,5083,386],{"class":65},[47,5085,3479],{"class":61},[47,5087,309],{"class":86},[47,5089,4033],{"class":4032},[47,5091,5092],{"class":86},"]])\n",[47,5094,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,5096,83],{"class":82},[47,5098,87],{"class":86},[47,5100,3894],{"class":82},[47,5102,87],{"class":86},[47,5104,3202],{"class":90},[47,5106,4433],{"class":57},[47,5108,4014],{"class":445},[47,5110,4057],{"class":752},[47,5112,4060],{"class":90},[47,5114,1613],{"class":752},[47,5116,3803],{"class":86},[47,5118,1598],{"class":445},[47,5120,309],{"class":86},[47,5122,1769],{"class":445},[47,5124,309],{"class":86},[47,5126,2630],{"class":445},[47,5128,3176],{"class":86},[47,5130,5131,5133,5135,5137],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,5132,83],{"class":82},[47,5134,87],{"class":86},[47,5136,3894],{"class":82},[47,5138,4609],{"class":86},[149,5140,1321,5142],{"id":5141},"when-to-use-all",[15,5143,3758],{},[20,5145,5146,5148],{},[15,5147,3758],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5150,5151],{},"Common use cases:",[162,5153,5154,5157,5160],{},[165,5155,5156],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[165,5158,5159],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[165,5161,5162],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5164,5165],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,5167,5169],{"className":40,"code":5168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5170,5171,5207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5172,5173,5176,5178,5180,5182,5185,5187,5189,5191,5194,5196,5198,5200,5203,5205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5174,5175],{"class":53},"names ",[47,5177,58],{"class":57},[47,5179,3803],{"class":86},[47,5181,3479],{"class":61},[47,5183,5184],{"class":65},"Alice",[47,5186,3479],{"class":61},[47,5188,309],{"class":86},[47,5190,3474],{"class":61},[47,5192,5193],{"class":65},"Bob",[47,5195,3479],{"class":61},[47,5197,309],{"class":86},[47,5199,3474],{"class":61},[47,5201,5202],{"class":65},"Charlie",[47,5204,3479],{"class":61},[47,5206,3816],{"class":86},[47,5208,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5210,83],{"class":82},[47,5212,87],{"class":86},[47,5214,3894],{"class":82},[47,5216,87],{"class":86},[47,5218,5219],{"class":90},"names",[47,5221,1879],{"class":86},[20,5223,814],{},[38,5225,5226],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5227,5228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5229,5230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5231,4160],{"class":4032},[20,5233,5234],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,5236,5238],{"className":40,"code":5237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5239,5240,5264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5241,5242,5245,5247,5249,5252,5254,5257,5259,5262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5243,5244],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,5246,58],{"class":57},[47,5248,3803],{"class":86},[47,5250,5251],{"class":445},"75",[47,5253,309],{"class":86},[47,5255,5256],{"class":445}," 80",[47,5258,309],{"class":86},[47,5260,5261],{"class":445}," 50",[47,5263,3816],{"class":86},[47,5265,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5277,5280,5282,5284,5287,5289,5292],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5267,83],{"class":82},[47,5269,87],{"class":86},[47,5271,3894],{"class":82},[47,5273,87],{"class":86},[47,5275,5276],{"class":90},"score ",[47,5278,5279],{"class":57},">=",[47,5281,5261],{"class":445},[47,5283,4057],{"class":752},[47,5285,5286],{"class":90}," score ",[47,5288,1613],{"class":752},[47,5290,5291],{"class":90}," scores",[47,5293,1879],{"class":86},[20,5295,814],{},[38,5297,5298],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5299,5300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5301,5302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5303,4160],{"class":4032},[20,5305,5306],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5308,5309,5310,837,5314,94],{},"For related tasks, see ",[455,5311,5313],{"href":5312},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[455,5315,5317],{"href":5316},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[149,5319,1962],{"id":1961},[469,5321,5323,5324,5326],{"id":5322},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5325,3758],{}," return in Python?",[20,5328,170,5329,5331,5332,5334],{},[15,5330,31],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5333,35],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[469,5336,5338,5339,5341,5342,2037],{"id":5337},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5340,3781],{}," return ",[15,5343,31],{},[20,5345,5346],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[469,5348,1980,5350,5352],{"id":5349},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5351,3758],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5354,5355],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[469,5357,2032,5359,837,5361,2037],{"id":5358},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5360,3758],{},[15,5362,5363],{},"any()",[20,5365,5366,5368,5369,5371,5372,94],{},[15,5367,3758],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5370,5363],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[455,5373,3755,5375,3688],{"href":5374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5376,5363],{},[149,5378,2062],{"id":2061},[162,5380,5381,5387,5391,5396,5401,5406],{},[165,5382,5383],{},[455,5384,3755,5385,3688],{"href":5374},[15,5386,5363],{},[165,5388,5389],{},[455,5390,3987],{"href":3986},[165,5392,5393],{},[455,5394,5395],{"href":5316},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[165,5397,5398],{},[455,5399,5400],{"href":5312},"How to filter a list in Python",[165,5402,5403],{},[455,5404,5405],{"href":4573},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[165,5407,5408],{},[455,5409,5410],{"href":4577},"What is an iterable in Python",[2093,5412,5413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":5415},[5416,5417,5419,5420,5425,5427,5428,5437,5439,5449],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":3856,"depth":72,"text":5418},"What all() does",{"id":3907,"depth":72,"text":3908},{"id":4111,"depth":72,"text":4112,"children":5421},[5422,5423,5424],{"id":4115,"depth":79,"text":4116},{"id":4176,"depth":79,"text":4177},{"id":4240,"depth":79,"text":4241},{"id":4378,"depth":72,"text":5426},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4581,"depth":72,"text":4582},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":5429},[5430,5431,5433,5435],{"id":4703,"depth":79,"text":4704},{"id":4760,"depth":79,"text":5432},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4886,"depth":79,"text":5434},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4960,"depth":79,"text":5436},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5141,"depth":72,"text":5438},"When to use all()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":5440},[5441,5443,5445,5447],{"id":5322,"depth":79,"text":5442},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5337,"depth":79,"text":5444},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5349,"depth":79,"text":5446},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5358,"depth":79,"text":5448},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3749,"description":5450},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5457,"title":5458,"body":5459,"description":7145,"extension":2138,"meta":7146,"navigation":75,"path":5374,"seo":7147,"stem":7148,"__hash__":7149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5460,"toc":7123},[5461,5464,5472,5475,5492,5500,5543,5552,5556,5561,5564,5581,5584,5595,5607,5611,5614,5629,5634,5637,5649,5652,5736,5739,5760,5766,5768,5776,5790,5792,5826,5828,5831,5892,5894,5911,5914,5941,5943,5951,5963,5967,5970,6009,6011,6019,6021,6037,6045,6048,6091,6093,6101,6106,6110,6118,6121,6148,6151,6154,6228,6230,6238,6245,6269,6280,6283,6362,6364,6372,6379,6383,6388,6403,6405,6413,6416,6422,6425,6471,6473,6490,6494,6499,6510,6513,6623,6626,6685,6691,6693,6698,6702,6704,6723,6729,6732,6751,6755,6764,6791,6793,6801,6809,6813,6819,6842,6844,6852,6859,6863,6866,6917,6920,6971,6974,6976,6980,6987,6991,6998,7002,7010,7014,7017,7039,7041,7091,7093,7120],[10,5462,5458],{"id":5463},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5465,5466,5468,5469,94],{},[15,5467,5363],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3922,5470,5471],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5473,5474],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[162,5476,5477,5480,5483,5486,5489],{},[165,5478,5479],{},"lists",[165,5481,5482],{},"tuples",[165,5484,5485],{},"sets",[165,5487,5488],{},"strings",[165,5490,5491],{},"generator expressions",[20,5493,5494,5495,32,5497,5499],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5496,31],{},[15,5498,35],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,5501,5503],{"className":40,"code":5502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5504,5505,5525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5506,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5508,4003],{"class":53},[47,5510,58],{"class":57},[47,5512,3803],{"class":86},[47,5514,1721],{"class":445},[47,5516,309],{"class":86},[47,5518,4019],{"class":61},[47,5520,309],{"class":86},[47,5522,4787],{"class":445},[47,5524,3816],{"class":86},[47,5526,5527,5529,5531,5534,5536,5539,5541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5528,83],{"class":82},[47,5530,87],{"class":86},[47,5532,5533],{"class":82},"any",[47,5535,87],{"class":86},[47,5537,5538],{"class":90},"values",[47,5540,110],{"class":86},[47,5542,519],{"class":113},[20,5544,144,5545,5548,5549,5551],{},[15,5546,5547],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5550,31],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[149,5553,5555],{"id":5554},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5557,5558,5560],{},[15,5559,5363],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5562,5563],{},"It returns:",[162,5565,5566,5571,5576],{},[165,5567,5568,5570],{},[15,5569,31],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[165,5572,5573,5575],{},[15,5574,35],{}," if all items are falsy",[165,5577,5578,5580],{},[15,5579,35],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5582,5583],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[162,5585,5586,5589,5592],{},[165,5587,5588],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[165,5590,5591],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[165,5593,5594],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5596,5597,5598,5601,5602,94],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3922,5599,5600],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[455,5603,5605],{"href":5604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5606,3758],{},[149,5608,5610],{"id":5609},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5612,5613],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,5615,5617],{"className":40,"code":5616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5618,5619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5620,5621,5623,5625,5627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5622,5533],{"class":82},[47,5624,87],{"class":86},[47,5626,3899],{"class":90},[47,5628,286],{"class":86},[20,5630,5631,5632,94],{},"The argument must be an ",[3922,5633,3899],{},[20,5635,5636],{},"Common inputs include:",[162,5638,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647],{},[165,5640,5479],{},[165,5642,5482],{},[165,5644,5485],{},[165,5646,5488],{},[165,5648,5491],{},[20,5650,5651],{},"For example:",[38,5653,5655],{"className":40,"code":5654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5656,5657,5680,5698,5718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5658,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5660,83],{"class":82},[47,5662,87],{"class":86},[47,5664,5533],{"class":82},[47,5666,3163],{"class":86},[47,5668,1721],{"class":445},[47,5670,309],{"class":86},[47,5672,4014],{"class":445},[47,5674,309],{"class":86},[47,5676,5677],{"class":445}," 1",[47,5679,3176],{"class":86},[47,5681,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690,5692,5694,5696],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5683,83],{"class":82},[47,5685,87],{"class":86},[47,5687,5533],{"class":82},[47,5689,675],{"class":86},[47,5691,35],{"class":4032},[47,5693,309],{"class":86},[47,5695,4087],{"class":4032},[47,5697,1958],{"class":86},[47,5699,5700,5702,5704,5706,5709,5711,5713,5715],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,5701,83],{"class":82},[47,5703,87],{"class":86},[47,5705,5533],{"class":82},[47,5707,5708],{"class":86},"({",[47,5710,1721],{"class":445},[47,5712,309],{"class":86},[47,5714,1769],{"class":445},[47,5716,5717],{"class":86},"}))\n",[47,5719,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728,5730,5732,5734],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,5721,83],{"class":82},[47,5723,87],{"class":86},[47,5725,5533],{"class":82},[47,5727,87],{"class":86},[47,5729,102],{"class":61},[47,5731,386],{"class":65},[47,5733,102],{"class":61},[47,5735,1879],{"class":86},[20,5737,5738],{},"Expected output:",[38,5740,5742],{"className":40,"code":5741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5743,5744,5748,5752,5756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5745,5746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5747,4160],{"class":4032},[47,5749,5750],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5751,4221],{"class":4032},[47,5753,5754],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,5755,4160],{"class":4032},[47,5757,5758],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,5759,4160],{"class":4032},[20,5761,5762,5763,94],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[455,5764,5317],{"href":5765},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[149,5767,3908],{"id":3907},[20,5769,3911,5770,32,5773,3916],{},[3922,5771,5772],{},"truthy",[3922,5774,5775],{},"falsy",[162,5777,5778,5784],{},[165,5779,5780,3925,5782],{},[3922,5781,3924],{},[15,5783,31],{},[165,5785,5786,3925,5788],{},[3922,5787,3932],{},[15,5789,35],{},[20,5791,3937],{},[162,5793,5794,5798,5802,5806,5810,5814,5818,5822],{},[165,5795,5796],{},[15,5797,35],{},[165,5799,5800],{},[15,5801,1721],{},[165,5803,5804],{},[15,5805,3948],{},[165,5807,5808],{},[15,5809,3953],{},[165,5811,5812],{},[15,5813,3967],{},[165,5815,5816],{},[15,5817,3972],{},[165,5819,5820],{},[15,5821,3977],{},[165,5823,5824],{},[15,5825,3958],{},[20,5827,3980],{},[20,5829,5830],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,5832,5834],{"className":40,"code":5833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5835,5836,5850,5868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5837,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5839,83],{"class":82},[47,5841,87],{"class":86},[47,5843,5533],{"class":82},[47,5845,3163],{"class":86},[47,5847,1598],{"class":445},[47,5849,3176],{"class":86},[47,5851,5852,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5853,83],{"class":82},[47,5855,87],{"class":86},[47,5857,5533],{"class":82},[47,5859,3163],{"class":86},[47,5861,3479],{"class":61},[47,5863,386],{"class":65},[47,5865,3479],{"class":61},[47,5867,3176],{"class":86},[47,5869,5870,5872,5874,5876,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,5871,83],{"class":82},[47,5873,87],{"class":86},[47,5875,5533],{"class":82},[47,5877,5878],{"class":86},"([[",[47,5880,1598],{"class":445},[47,5882,309],{"class":86},[47,5884,1769],{"class":445},[47,5886,309],{"class":86},[47,5888,2630],{"class":445},[47,5890,5891],{"class":86},"]]))\n",[20,5893,5738],{},[38,5895,5897],{"className":40,"code":5896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5898,5899,5903,5907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5900,5901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5902,4160],{"class":4032},[47,5904,5905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5906,4160],{"class":4032},[47,5908,5909],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,5910,4160],{"class":4032},[20,5912,5913],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,5915,5917],{"className":40,"code":5916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5918,5919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5920,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5922,83],{"class":82},[47,5924,87],{"class":86},[47,5926,5533],{"class":82},[47,5928,3163],{"class":86},[47,5930,1721],{"class":445},[47,5932,309],{"class":86},[47,5934,4019],{"class":61},[47,5936,309],{"class":86},[47,5938,4033],{"class":4032},[47,5940,3176],{"class":86},[20,5942,5738],{},[38,5944,5945],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5946,5947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5948,5949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5950,4221],{"class":4032},[20,5952,5953,5954,837,5957,94],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[455,5955,3987],{"href":5956},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[455,5958,5960,5962],{"href":5959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5961,3993],{}," explained",[149,5964,5966],{"id":5965},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5968,5969],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,5971,5973],{"className":40,"code":5972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5974,5975,5995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5976,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5978,4003],{"class":53},[47,5980,58],{"class":57},[47,5982,3803],{"class":86},[47,5984,1721],{"class":445},[47,5986,309],{"class":86},[47,5988,4019],{"class":61},[47,5990,309],{"class":86},[47,5992,4787],{"class":445},[47,5994,3816],{"class":86},[47,5996,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5998,83],{"class":82},[47,6000,87],{"class":86},[47,6002,5533],{"class":82},[47,6004,87],{"class":86},[47,6006,5538],{"class":90},[47,6008,1879],{"class":86},[20,6010,814],{},[38,6012,6013],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6014,6015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6016,6017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6018,4160],{"class":4032},[20,6020,4622],{},[162,6022,6023,6028,6032],{},[165,6024,6025,6027],{},[15,6026,1721],{}," is falsy",[165,6029,6030,6027],{},[15,6031,3953],{},[165,6033,6034,6036],{},[15,6035,2313],{}," is truthy",[20,6038,6039,6040,2576,6043,94],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6041,6042],{},"any(values)",[15,6044,31],{},[20,6046,6047],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,6049,6051],{"className":40,"code":6050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6052,6053,6077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6054,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6056,4003],{"class":53},[47,6058,58],{"class":57},[47,6060,3803],{"class":86},[47,6062,1721],{"class":445},[47,6064,309],{"class":86},[47,6066,4019],{"class":61},[47,6068,309],{"class":86},[47,6070,4033],{"class":4032},[47,6072,309],{"class":86},[47,6074,4087],{"class":4032},[47,6076,3816],{"class":86},[47,6078,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6080,83],{"class":82},[47,6082,87],{"class":86},[47,6084,5533],{"class":82},[47,6086,87],{"class":86},[47,6088,5538],{"class":90},[47,6090,1879],{"class":86},[20,6092,814],{},[38,6094,6095],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6096,6097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6098,6099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6100,4221],{"class":4032},[20,6102,6103,6104,94],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6105,35],{},[149,6107,6109],{"id":6108},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6111,6112,6114,6115,94],{},[15,6113,5363],{}," is often used with a ",[3922,6116,6117],{},"generator expression",[20,6119,6120],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,6122,6124],{"className":40,"code":6123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6125,6126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6127,6128,6130,6132,6135,6138,6141,6143,6146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6129,5533],{"class":82},[47,6131,87],{"class":86},[47,6133,6134],{"class":90},"condition ",[47,6136,6137],{"class":752},"for",[47,6139,6140],{"class":90}," item ",[47,6142,1613],{"class":752},[47,6144,6145],{"class":90}," items",[47,6147,286],{"class":86},[20,6149,6150],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6152,6153],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,6155,6157],{"className":40,"code":6156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6158,6159,6187,6191,6218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6160,6161,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6162,3798],{"class":53},[47,6164,58],{"class":57},[47,6166,3803],{"class":86},[47,6168,2682],{"class":445},[47,6170,309],{"class":86},[47,6172,6173],{"class":445}," 7",[47,6175,309],{"class":86},[47,6177,2399],{"class":57},[47,6179,2233],{"class":445},[47,6181,309],{"class":86},[47,6183,6184],{"class":445}," 10",[47,6186,3816],{"class":86},[47,6188,6189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6190,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,6192,6193,6195,6197,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214,6216],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,6194,2407],{"class":53},[47,6196,58],{"class":57},[47,6198,6199],{"class":82}," any",[47,6201,87],{"class":86},[47,6203,3202],{"class":90},[47,6205,3468],{"class":57},[47,6207,4014],{"class":445},[47,6209,4057],{"class":752},[47,6211,4060],{"class":90},[47,6213,1613],{"class":752},[47,6215,4444],{"class":90},[47,6217,286],{"class":86},[47,6219,6220,6222,6224,6226],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,6221,83],{"class":82},[47,6223,87],{"class":86},[47,6225,2442],{"class":90},[47,6227,286],{"class":86},[20,6229,814],{},[38,6231,6232],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6233,6234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6235,6236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6237,4160],{"class":4032},[20,6239,6240,6241,6244],{},"This works because ",[15,6242,6243],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[162,6246,6247,6255,6262],{},[165,6248,6249,6252,6253],{},[15,6250,6251],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6254,35],{},[165,6256,6257,6252,6260],{},[15,6258,6259],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6261,35],{},[165,6263,6264,6252,6267],{},[15,6265,6266],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6268,31],{},[20,6270,6271,6272,6274,6275,6277,6278,94],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6273,31],{}," result, ",[15,6276,5363],{}," can return ",[15,6279,31],{},[20,6281,6282],{},"Here is another example:",[38,6284,6286],{"className":40,"code":6285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6287,6288,6317,6321,6351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6289,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6291,4251],{"class":53},[47,6293,58],{"class":57},[47,6295,3803],{"class":86},[47,6297,102],{"class":61},[47,6299,4260],{"class":65},[47,6301,102],{"class":61},[47,6303,309],{"class":86},[47,6305,6306],{"class":61}," \"\"",[47,6308,309],{"class":86},[47,6310,62],{"class":61},[47,6312,491],{"class":65},[47,6314,102],{"class":61},[47,6316,3816],{"class":86},[47,6318,6319],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6320,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,6322,6323,6326,6328,6330,6332,6335,6337,6339,6341,6344,6346,6349],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,6324,6325],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6327,58],{"class":57},[47,6329,6199],{"class":82},[47,6331,87],{"class":86},[47,6333,6334],{"class":90},"word ",[47,6336,4871],{"class":57},[47,6338,6306],{"class":61},[47,6340,4057],{"class":752},[47,6342,6343],{"class":90}," word ",[47,6345,1613],{"class":752},[47,6347,6348],{"class":90}," words",[47,6350,286],{"class":86},[47,6352,6353,6355,6357,6360],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,6354,83],{"class":82},[47,6356,87],{"class":86},[47,6358,6359],{"class":90},"has_empty_string",[47,6361,286],{"class":86},[20,6363,814],{},[38,6365,6366],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6367,6368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6369,6370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6371,4160],{"class":4032},[20,6373,6374,6375,94],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[455,6376,6378],{"href":6377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[149,6380,6382],{"id":6381},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6384,6385,6386,3062],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6387,35],{},[38,6389,6391],{"className":40,"code":6390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6392,6393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6394,6395,6397,6399,6401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6396,83],{"class":82},[47,6398,87],{"class":86},[47,6400,5533],{"class":82},[47,6402,4609],{"class":86},[20,6404,814],{},[38,6406,6407],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6408,6409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6410,6411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6412,4221],{"class":4032},[20,6414,6415],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6417,6418,6419,6421],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6420,5363],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6423,6424],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,6426,6428],{"className":40,"code":6427,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6429,6430,6440,6455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6431,6432,6434,6436,6438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6433,83],{"class":82},[47,6435,87],{"class":86},[47,6437,5533],{"class":82},[47,6439,4667],{"class":86},[47,6441,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6443,83],{"class":82},[47,6445,87],{"class":86},[47,6447,5533],{"class":82},[47,6449,87],{"class":86},[47,6451,6452],{"class":61},"\"\"",[47,6454,1879],{"class":86},[47,6456,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6468],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,6458,83],{"class":82},[47,6460,87],{"class":86},[47,6462,5533],{"class":82},[47,6464,87],{"class":86},[47,6466,6467],{"class":1570},"set",[47,6469,6470],{"class":86},"()))\n",[20,6472,814],{},[38,6474,6476],{"className":40,"code":6475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6477,6478,6482,6486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6479,6480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6481,4221],{"class":4032},[47,6483,6484],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6485,4221],{"class":4032},[47,6487,6488],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,6489,4221],{"class":4032},[149,6491,6493],{"id":6492},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6495,144,6496,6498],{},[15,6497,5363],{}," when you want to:",[162,6500,6501,6504,6507],{},[165,6502,6503],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[165,6505,6506],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[165,6508,6509],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6511,6512],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,6514,6516],{"className":40,"code":6515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6517,6518,6542,6546,6556,6560,6573,6592,6602,6607,6611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6519,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6521,3798],{"class":53},[47,6523,58],{"class":57},[47,6525,3803],{"class":86},[47,6527,1598],{"class":445},[47,6529,309],{"class":86},[47,6531,2630],{"class":445},[47,6533,309],{"class":86},[47,6535,4787],{"class":445},[47,6537,309],{"class":86},[47,6539,943],{"class":445},[47,6541,3816],{"class":86},[47,6543,6544],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6545,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,6547,6548,6551,6553],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,6549,6550],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,6552,58],{"class":57},[47,6554,6555],{"class":4032}," False\n",[47,6557,6558],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,6559,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,6561,6562,6564,6567,6569,6571],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,6563,6137],{"class":752},[47,6565,6566],{"class":53}," number ",[47,6568,1613],{"class":752},[47,6570,4444],{"class":53},[47,6572,795],{"class":86},[47,6574,6575,6578,6580,6583,6585,6588,6590],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,6576,6577],{"class":752},"    if",[47,6579,6566],{"class":53},[47,6581,6582],{"class":57},"%",[47,6584,1769],{"class":445},[47,6586,6587],{"class":57}," ==",[47,6589,4014],{"class":445},[47,6591,795],{"class":86},[47,6593,6594,6597,6599],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,6595,6596],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,6598,58],{"class":57},[47,6600,6601],{"class":4032}," True\n",[47,6603,6604],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,6605,6606],{"class":752},"        break\n",[47,6608,6609],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,6610,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,6612,6614,6616,6618,6621],{"class":49,"line":6613},10,[47,6615,83],{"class":82},[47,6617,87],{"class":86},[47,6619,6620],{"class":90},"found_even",[47,6622,286],{"class":86},[20,6624,6625],{},"You can write:",[38,6627,6629],{"className":40,"code":6628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6630,6631,6655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6632,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6634,3798],{"class":53},[47,6636,58],{"class":57},[47,6638,3803],{"class":86},[47,6640,1598],{"class":445},[47,6642,309],{"class":86},[47,6644,2630],{"class":445},[47,6646,309],{"class":86},[47,6648,4787],{"class":445},[47,6650,309],{"class":86},[47,6652,943],{"class":445},[47,6654,3816],{"class":86},[47,6656,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6658,83],{"class":82},[47,6660,87],{"class":86},[47,6662,5533],{"class":82},[47,6664,87],{"class":86},[47,6666,2394],{"class":90},[47,6668,6582],{"class":57},[47,6670,1769],{"class":445},[47,6672,6587],{"class":57},[47,6674,4014],{"class":445},[47,6676,4057],{"class":752},[47,6678,6566],{"class":90},[47,6680,1613],{"class":752},[47,6682,4444],{"class":90},[47,6684,1879],{"class":86},[20,6686,6687,6688,6690],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6689,5363],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[149,6692,4700],{"id":4699},[20,6694,6695,6696,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6697,5363],{},[469,6699,6701],{"id":6700},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6703,4707],{},[38,6705,6707],{"className":40,"code":6706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6708,6709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6710,6711,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6712,83],{"class":82},[47,6714,87],{"class":86},[47,6716,5533],{"class":82},[47,6718,87],{"class":86},[47,6720,2313],{"class":445},[47,6722,1879],{"class":86},[20,6724,6725,6726,6728],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6727,2313],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6730,6731],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,6733,6735],{"className":40,"code":6734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6736,6737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6738,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6740,83],{"class":82},[47,6742,87],{"class":86},[47,6744,5533],{"class":82},[47,6746,3163],{"class":86},[47,6748,2313],{"class":445},[47,6750,3176],{"class":86},[469,6752,6754],{"id":6753},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6756,6757,6759,6760,6763],{},[15,6758,5363],{}," needs only ",[3922,6761,6762],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,6765,6767],{"className":40,"code":6766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6768,6769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6770,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6772,83],{"class":82},[47,6774,87],{"class":86},[47,6776,5533],{"class":82},[47,6778,3163],{"class":86},[47,6780,35],{"class":4032},[47,6782,309],{"class":86},[47,6784,4087],{"class":4032},[47,6786,309],{"class":86},[47,6788,4096],{"class":4032},[47,6790,3176],{"class":86},[20,6792,814],{},[38,6794,6795],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6796,6797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6798,6799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6800,4160],{"class":4032},[20,6802,6803,6804,6808],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[455,6805,6806],{"href":5604},[15,6807,3758],{}," instead.",[469,6810,6812],{"id":6811},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6814,6815,6816,94],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6817,6818],{},"\"True\"",[38,6820,6822],{"className":40,"code":6821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6823,6824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6825,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6827,83],{"class":82},[47,6829,87],{"class":86},[47,6831,5533],{"class":82},[47,6833,3163],{"class":86},[47,6835,102],{"class":61},[47,6837,35],{"class":65},[47,6839,102],{"class":61},[47,6841,3176],{"class":86},[20,6843,814],{},[38,6845,6846],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6847,6848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6849,6850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6851,4160],{"class":4032},[20,6853,6854,6855,6858],{},"That is because ",[15,6856,6857],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[469,6860,6862],{"id":6861},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6864,6865],{},"This works:",[38,6867,6869],{"className":40,"code":6868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6870,6871,6891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6872,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6874,3798],{"class":53},[47,6876,58],{"class":57},[47,6878,3803],{"class":86},[47,6880,1598],{"class":445},[47,6882,309],{"class":86},[47,6884,1769],{"class":445},[47,6886,309],{"class":86},[47,6888,2630],{"class":445},[47,6890,3816],{"class":86},[47,6892,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911,6913,6915],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6894,83],{"class":82},[47,6896,87],{"class":86},[47,6898,5533],{"class":82},[47,6900,3163],{"class":86},[47,6902,3202],{"class":90},[47,6904,4433],{"class":57},[47,6906,1769],{"class":445},[47,6908,4057],{"class":752},[47,6910,4060],{"class":90},[47,6912,1613],{"class":752},[47,6914,4444],{"class":90},[47,6916,3176],{"class":86},[20,6918,6919],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,6921,6923],{"className":40,"code":6922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6924,6925,6945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6926,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6928,3798],{"class":53},[47,6930,58],{"class":57},[47,6932,3803],{"class":86},[47,6934,1598],{"class":445},[47,6936,309],{"class":86},[47,6938,1769],{"class":445},[47,6940,309],{"class":86},[47,6942,2630],{"class":445},[47,6944,3816],{"class":86},[47,6946,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6948,83],{"class":82},[47,6950,87],{"class":86},[47,6952,5533],{"class":82},[47,6954,87],{"class":86},[47,6956,3202],{"class":90},[47,6958,4433],{"class":57},[47,6960,1769],{"class":445},[47,6962,4057],{"class":752},[47,6964,4060],{"class":90},[47,6966,1613],{"class":752},[47,6968,4444],{"class":90},[47,6970,1879],{"class":86},[20,6972,6973],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[149,6975,1962],{"id":1961},[469,6977,6979],{"id":6978},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6981,170,6982,6984,6985,94],{},[15,6983,31],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6986,35],{},[469,6988,6990],{"id":6989},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6992,6993,2576,6995,6997],{},[15,6994,5363],{},[15,6996,35],{}," for an empty iterable.",[469,6999,7001],{"id":7000},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7003,7004,7006,7007,7009],{},[15,7005,5363],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7008,3758],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[469,7011,7013],{"id":7012},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7015,7016],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,7018,7019],{"className":40,"code":6123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7020,7021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7022,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7024,5533],{"class":82},[47,7026,87],{"class":86},[47,7028,6134],{"class":90},[47,7030,6137],{"class":752},[47,7032,6140],{"class":90},[47,7034,1613],{"class":752},[47,7036,6145],{"class":90},[47,7038,286],{"class":86},[20,7040,5651],{},[38,7042,7043],{"className":40,"code":6922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7044,7045,7065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7046,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7048,3798],{"class":53},[47,7050,58],{"class":57},[47,7052,3803],{"class":86},[47,7054,1598],{"class":445},[47,7056,309],{"class":86},[47,7058,1769],{"class":445},[47,7060,309],{"class":86},[47,7062,2630],{"class":445},[47,7064,3816],{"class":86},[47,7066,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7068,83],{"class":82},[47,7070,87],{"class":86},[47,7072,5533],{"class":82},[47,7074,87],{"class":86},[47,7076,3202],{"class":90},[47,7078,4433],{"class":57},[47,7080,1769],{"class":445},[47,7082,4057],{"class":752},[47,7084,4060],{"class":90},[47,7086,1613],{"class":752},[47,7088,4444],{"class":90},[47,7090,1879],{"class":86},[149,7092,2062],{"id":2061},[162,7094,7095,7101,7105,7109,7114],{},[165,7096,7097],{},[455,7098,7099,3688],{"href":5604},[15,7100,3758],{},[165,7102,7103],{},[455,7104,3987],{"href":5956},[165,7106,7107],{},[455,7108,5395],{"href":5765},[165,7110,7111],{},[455,7112,7113],{"href":6377},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[165,7115,7116],{},[455,7117,7118,3688],{"href":5959},[15,7119,3993],{},[2093,7121,7122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":7124},[7125,7126,7127,7128,7129,7130,7131,7132,7138,7144],{"id":5554,"depth":72,"text":5555},{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610},{"id":3907,"depth":72,"text":3908},{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":6108,"depth":72,"text":6109},{"id":6381,"depth":72,"text":6382},{"id":6492,"depth":72,"text":6493},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":7133},[7134,7135,7136,7137],{"id":6700,"depth":79,"text":6701},{"id":6753,"depth":79,"text":6754},{"id":6811,"depth":79,"text":6812},{"id":6861,"depth":79,"text":6862},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":7139},[7140,7141,7142,7143],{"id":6978,"depth":79,"text":6979},{"id":6989,"depth":79,"text":6990},{"id":7000,"depth":79,"text":7001},{"id":7012,"depth":79,"text":7013},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5458,"description":7145},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7151,"title":7152,"body":7153,"description":9278,"extension":2138,"meta":9279,"navigation":75,"path":9280,"seo":9281,"stem":9282,"__hash__":9283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7154,"toc":9241},[7155,7158,7167,7176,7178,7275,7277,7306,7322,7326,7331,7334,7344,7349,7355,7371,7373,7381,7388,7392,7395,7410,7415,7433,7438,7440,7487,7489,7506,7510,7516,7519,7554,7556,7662,7664,7701,7705,7713,7715,7735,7737,7857,7859,7888,7891,7914,7916,7924,7932,7936,7942,7946,7989,7991,7999,8002,8030,8032,8040,8044,8072,8074,8082,8114,8116,8124,8128,8179,8181,8189,8197,8201,8204,8256,8258,8279,8286,8290,8296,8299,8307,8329,8331,8339,8347,8370,8372,8380,8385,8390,8402,8404,8445,8456,8460,8469,8472,8475,8533,8536,8588,8591,8596,8612,8618,8620,8625,8634,8637,8659,8661,8669,8674,8677,8712,8714,8722,8726,8731,8769,8781,8784,8837,8845,8849,8852,8874,8882,8885,8926,8928,8951,8957,8963,8978,8980,9000,9003,9022,9024,9043,9047,9053,9132,9135,9149,9156,9158,9162,9169,9173,9177,9181,9186,9190,9195,9199,9206,9208,9238],[10,7156,7152],{"id":7157},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7159,842,7160,7162,7163,32,7165,94],{},[15,7161,3993],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7164,31],{},[15,7166,35],{},[20,7168,7169,7170,7172,7173,7175],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7171,3993],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7174,723],{}," statements and other conditions.",[149,7177,3788],{"id":3787},[38,7179,7181],{"className":40,"code":7180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7182,7183,7197,7211,7225,7243,7253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7184,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7186,83],{"class":82},[47,7188,87],{"class":86},[47,7190,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7192,87],{"class":86},[47,7194,1721],{"class":445},[47,7196,1879],{"class":86},[47,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7200,83],{"class":82},[47,7202,87],{"class":86},[47,7204,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7206,87],{"class":86},[47,7208,1598],{"class":445},[47,7210,1879],{"class":86},[47,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7214,83],{"class":82},[47,7216,87],{"class":86},[47,7218,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7220,87],{"class":86},[47,7222,6452],{"class":61},[47,7224,1879],{"class":86},[47,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7228,83],{"class":82},[47,7230,87],{"class":86},[47,7232,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7234,87],{"class":86},[47,7236,102],{"class":61},[47,7238,386],{"class":65},[47,7240,102],{"class":61},[47,7242,1879],{"class":86},[47,7244,7245,7247,7249,7251],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7246,83],{"class":82},[47,7248,87],{"class":86},[47,7250,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7252,4609],{"class":86},[47,7254,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271,7273],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7256,83],{"class":82},[47,7258,87],{"class":86},[47,7260,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7262,3163],{"class":86},[47,7264,1598],{"class":445},[47,7266,309],{"class":86},[47,7268,1769],{"class":445},[47,7270,309],{"class":86},[47,7272,2630],{"class":445},[47,7274,3176],{"class":86},[20,7276,5738],{},[38,7278,7280],{"className":40,"code":7279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7281,7282,7286,7290,7294,7298,7302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7283,7284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7285,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7287,7288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7289,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7291,7292],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7293,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7295,7296],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7297,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7299,7300],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7301,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7303,7304],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7305,4160],{"class":4032},[20,7307,144,7308,7311,7312,32,7314,7316,7317,7319,7320,94],{},[15,7309,7310],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7313,31],{},[15,7315,35],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7318,35],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7321,31],{},[149,7323,7325],{"id":7324},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7327,7328,7330],{},[15,7329,3993],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7332,7333],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[162,7335,7336,7340],{},[165,7337,7338],{},[15,7339,31],{},[165,7341,7342],{},[15,7343,35],{},[20,7345,7346,7347,724],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7348,723],{},[20,7350,7351,7352,7354],{},"You can also call ",[15,7353,3993],{}," with no argument:",[38,7356,7358],{"className":40,"code":7357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,7359,7360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7363,83],{"class":82},[47,7365,87],{"class":86},[47,7367,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7369,7370],{"class":86},"())\n",[20,7372,814],{},[38,7374,7375],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7376,7377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7378,7379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7380,4221],{"class":4032},[20,7382,7383,7384,94],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[455,7385,7387],{"href":7386},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[149,7389,7391],{"id":7390},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7393,7394],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,7396,7398],{"className":40,"code":7397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,7399,7400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7401,7402,7404,7406,7408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7403,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7405,87],{"class":86},[47,7407,1587],{"class":90},[47,7409,286],{"class":86},[20,7411,842,7412,7414],{},[15,7413,1587],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[162,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7428,7430],{},[165,7418,3830],{},[165,7420,5488],{},[165,7422,5479],{},[165,7424,5482],{},[165,7426,7427],{},"dictionaries",[165,7429,5485],{},[165,7431,7432],{},"other objects",[20,7434,7435,7436,94],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7437,35],{},[20,7439,183],{},[38,7441,7443],{"className":40,"code":7442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7444,7445,7459,7477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7446,7447,7449,7451,7453,7455,7457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7448,83],{"class":82},[47,7450,87],{"class":86},[47,7452,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7454,87],{"class":86},[47,7456,2509],{"class":445},[47,7458,1879],{"class":86},[47,7460,7461,7463,7465,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7462,83],{"class":82},[47,7464,87],{"class":86},[47,7466,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7468,87],{"class":86},[47,7470,102],{"class":61},[47,7472,105],{"class":65},[47,7474,102],{"class":61},[47,7476,1879],{"class":86},[47,7478,7479,7481,7483,7485],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7480,83],{"class":82},[47,7482,87],{"class":86},[47,7484,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7486,7370],{"class":86},[20,7488,814],{},[38,7490,7492],{"className":40,"code":7491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7493,7494,7498,7502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7495,7496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7497,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7499,7500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7501,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7503,7504],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7505,4221],{"class":4032},[149,7507,7509],{"id":7508},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7511,7512,7513,7515],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3922,7514,5775],{}," values.",[20,7517,7518],{},"Common examples:",[162,7520,7521,7525,7529,7533,7537,7542,7546,7550],{},[165,7522,7523],{},[15,7524,1721],{},[165,7526,7527],{},[15,7528,3948],{},[165,7530,7531],{},[15,7532,6452],{},[165,7534,7535],{},[15,7536,3967],{},[165,7538,7539],{},[15,7540,7541],{},"()",[165,7543,7544],{},[15,7545,3972],{},[165,7547,7548],{},[15,7549,3977],{},[165,7551,7552],{},[15,7553,3958],{},[20,7555,183],{},[38,7557,7559],{"className":40,"code":7558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7560,7561,7575,7589,7603,7613,7623,7634,7648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7562,7563,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7564,83],{"class":82},[47,7566,87],{"class":86},[47,7568,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7570,87],{"class":86},[47,7572,1721],{"class":445},[47,7574,1879],{"class":86},[47,7576,7577,7579,7581,7583,7585,7587],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7578,83],{"class":82},[47,7580,87],{"class":86},[47,7582,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7584,87],{"class":86},[47,7586,3948],{"class":445},[47,7588,1879],{"class":86},[47,7590,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7592,83],{"class":82},[47,7594,87],{"class":86},[47,7596,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7598,87],{"class":86},[47,7600,6452],{"class":61},[47,7602,1879],{"class":86},[47,7604,7605,7607,7609,7611],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7606,83],{"class":82},[47,7608,87],{"class":86},[47,7610,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7612,4609],{"class":86},[47,7614,7615,7617,7619,7621],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7616,83],{"class":82},[47,7618,87],{"class":86},[47,7620,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7622,4667],{"class":86},[47,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7626,83],{"class":82},[47,7628,87],{"class":86},[47,7630,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7632,7633],{"class":86},"({}))\n",[47,7635,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,7637,83],{"class":82},[47,7639,87],{"class":86},[47,7641,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7643,87],{"class":86},[47,7645,6467],{"class":1570},[47,7647,6470],{"class":86},[47,7649,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,7651,83],{"class":82},[47,7653,87],{"class":86},[47,7655,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7657,87],{"class":86},[47,7659,3958],{"class":4032},[47,7661,1879],{"class":86},[20,7663,814],{},[38,7665,7667],{"className":40,"code":7666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7668,7669,7673,7677,7681,7685,7689,7693,7697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7670,7671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7672,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7674,7675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7676,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7678,7679],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7680,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7682,7683],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7684,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7686,7687],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7688,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7690,7691],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7692,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7694,7695],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,7696,4221],{"class":4032},[47,7698,7699],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,7700,4221],{"class":4032},[149,7702,7704],{"id":7703},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7706,7707,7708,7710,7711,7515],{},"Many values become ",[15,7709,31],{},". These are often called ",[3922,7712,5772],{},[20,7714,7518],{},[162,7716,7717,7720,7723,7726,7729,7732],{},[165,7718,7719],{},"non-zero numbers",[165,7721,7722],{},"non-empty strings",[165,7724,7725],{},"non-empty lists",[165,7727,7728],{},"non-empty tuples",[165,7730,7731],{},"non-empty sets",[165,7733,7734],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7736,183],{},[38,7738,7740],{"className":40,"code":7739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7741,7742,7756,7772,7790,7812,7830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7743,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7745,83],{"class":82},[47,7747,87],{"class":86},[47,7749,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7751,87],{"class":86},[47,7753,2313],{"class":445},[47,7755,1879],{"class":86},[47,7757,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7759,83],{"class":82},[47,7761,87],{"class":86},[47,7763,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7765,87],{"class":86},[47,7767,2198],{"class":57},[47,7769,2233],{"class":445},[47,7771,1879],{"class":86},[47,7773,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7775,83],{"class":82},[47,7777,87],{"class":86},[47,7779,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7781,87],{"class":86},[47,7783,102],{"class":61},[47,7785,386],{"class":65},[47,7787,102],{"class":61},[47,7789,1879],{"class":86},[47,7791,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808,7810],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7793,83],{"class":82},[47,7795,87],{"class":86},[47,7797,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7799,3163],{"class":86},[47,7801,1598],{"class":445},[47,7803,309],{"class":86},[47,7805,1769],{"class":445},[47,7807,309],{"class":86},[47,7809,2630],{"class":445},[47,7811,3176],{"class":86},[47,7813,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7815,83],{"class":82},[47,7817,87],{"class":86},[47,7819,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7821,675],{"class":86},[47,7823,1598],{"class":445},[47,7825,309],{"class":86},[47,7827,1769],{"class":445},[47,7829,1958],{"class":86},[47,7831,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848,7850,7853,7855],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7833,83],{"class":82},[47,7835,87],{"class":86},[47,7837,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7839,5708],{"class":86},[47,7841,102],{"class":61},[47,7843,214],{"class":65},[47,7845,102],{"class":61},[47,7847,3062],{"class":86},[47,7849,62],{"class":61},[47,7851,7852],{"class":65},"Sam",[47,7854,102],{"class":61},[47,7856,5717],{"class":86},[20,7858,814],{},[38,7860,7862],{"className":40,"code":7861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7863,7864,7868,7872,7876,7880,7884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7865,7866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7867,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7869,7870],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7871,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7873,7874],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,7875,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7877,7878],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,7879,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7881,7882],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,7883,4160],{"class":4032},[47,7885,7886],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,7887,4160],{"class":4032},[20,7889,7890],{},"One important example is this:",[38,7892,7894],{"className":40,"code":7893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7895,7896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7897,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7899,83],{"class":82},[47,7901,87],{"class":86},[47,7903,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7905,87],{"class":86},[47,7907,102],{"class":61},[47,7909,35],{"class":65},[47,7911,102],{"class":61},[47,7913,1879],{"class":86},[20,7915,814],{},[38,7917,7918],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7919,7920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7921,7922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7923,4160],{"class":4032},[20,7925,7926,7927,7929,7930,94],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7928,6857],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7931,31],{},[149,7933,7935],{"id":7934},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7937,7938,7939,7941],{},"You can use ",[15,7940,3993],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[469,7943,7945],{"id":7944},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,7947,7949],{"className":40,"code":7948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7950,7951,7974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7952,7953,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964,7967,7969,7972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7954,7955],{"class":53},"items ",[47,7957,58],{"class":57},[47,7959,3803],{"class":86},[47,7961,2509],{"class":445},[47,7963,309],{"class":86},[47,7965,7966],{"class":445}," 20",[47,7968,309],{"class":86},[47,7970,7971],{"class":445}," 30",[47,7973,3816],{"class":86},[47,7975,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984,7987],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7977,83],{"class":82},[47,7979,87],{"class":86},[47,7981,4048],{"class":1570},[47,7983,87],{"class":86},[47,7985,7986],{"class":90},"items",[47,7988,1879],{"class":86},[20,7990,814],{},[38,7992,7993],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7994,7995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7996,7997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7998,4160],{"class":4032},[20,8000,8001],{},"With an empty list:",[38,8003,8005],{"className":40,"code":8004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8006,8007,8016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8008,8009,8011,8013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8010,7955],{"class":53},[47,8012,58],{"class":57},[47,8014,8015],{"class":86}," []\n",[47,8017,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8019,83],{"class":82},[47,8021,87],{"class":86},[47,8023,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8025,87],{"class":86},[47,8027,7986],{"class":90},[47,8029,1879],{"class":86},[20,8031,814],{},[38,8033,8034],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8035,8036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8037,8038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8039,4221],{"class":4032},[469,8041,8043],{"id":8042},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,8045,8047],{"className":40,"code":8046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8048,8049,8058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8050,8051,8053,8055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8052,193],{"class":53},[47,8054,58],{"class":57},[47,8056,8057],{"class":61}," \"\"\n",[47,8059,8060,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8061,83],{"class":82},[47,8063,87],{"class":86},[47,8065,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8067,87],{"class":86},[47,8069,214],{"class":90},[47,8071,1879],{"class":86},[20,8073,814],{},[38,8075,8076],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8077,8078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8079,8080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8081,4221],{"class":4032},[38,8083,8085],{"className":40,"code":8084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8086,8087,8100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8088,8089,8091,8093,8095,8098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8090,193],{"class":53},[47,8092,58],{"class":57},[47,8094,62],{"class":61},[47,8096,8097],{"class":65},"Mia",[47,8099,69],{"class":61},[47,8101,8102,8104,8106,8108,8110,8112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8103,83],{"class":82},[47,8105,87],{"class":86},[47,8107,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8109,87],{"class":86},[47,8111,214],{"class":90},[47,8113,1879],{"class":86},[20,8115,814],{},[38,8117,8118],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8119,8120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8121,8122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8123,4160],{"class":4032},[469,8125,8127],{"id":8126},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,8129,8131],{"className":40,"code":8130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8132,8133,8147,8164,8168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8134,8135,8138,8140,8142,8145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8136,8137],{"class":53},"username ",[47,8139,58],{"class":57},[47,8141,62],{"class":61},[47,8143,8144],{"class":65},"alex",[47,8146,69],{"class":61},[47,8148,8149,8152,8154,8157,8159,8162],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8150,8151],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,8153,58],{"class":57},[47,8155,8156],{"class":1570}," bool",[47,8158,87],{"class":86},[47,8160,8161],{"class":90},"username",[47,8163,286],{"class":86},[47,8165,8166],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,8167,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,8169,8170,8172,8174,8177],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,8171,83],{"class":82},[47,8173,87],{"class":86},[47,8175,8176],{"class":90},"has_name",[47,8178,286],{"class":86},[20,8180,814],{},[38,8182,8183],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8184,8185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8186,8187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8188,4160],{"class":4032},[20,8190,8191,8192,32,8194,8196],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8193,31],{},[15,8195,35],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[469,8198,8200],{"id":8199},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8202,8203],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,8205,8207],{"className":40,"code":8206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8208,8209,8229,8233,8241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8210,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8212,3798],{"class":53},[47,8214,58],{"class":57},[47,8216,3803],{"class":86},[47,8218,1598],{"class":445},[47,8220,309],{"class":86},[47,8222,1769],{"class":445},[47,8224,309],{"class":86},[47,8226,2630],{"class":445},[47,8228,3816],{"class":86},[47,8230,8231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8232,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,8234,8235,8237,8239],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,8236,723],{"class":752},[47,8238,4444],{"class":53},[47,8240,795],{"class":86},[47,8242,8243,8245,8247,8249,8252,8254],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,8244,776],{"class":82},[47,8246,87],{"class":86},[47,8248,102],{"class":61},[47,8250,8251],{"class":65},"The list is not empty",[47,8253,102],{"class":61},[47,8255,286],{"class":86},[20,8257,814],{},[38,8259,8261],{"className":40,"code":8260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8262,8263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8264,8265,8267,8270,8273,8276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8266,842],{"class":53},[47,8268,8269],{"class":1570},"list",[47,8271,8272],{"class":57}," is",[47,8274,8275],{"class":57}," not",[47,8277,8278],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,8280,8281,8282,94],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[455,8283,8285],{"href":8284},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[149,8287,8289],{"id":8288},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8291,8292,8293,8295],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8294,3993],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8297,8298],{},"It does not do that.",[469,8300,8302,2576,8305],{"id":8301},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8303,8304],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8306,31],{},[38,8308,8309],{"className":40,"code":7893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8310,8311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8312,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325,8327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8314,83],{"class":82},[47,8316,87],{"class":86},[47,8318,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8320,87],{"class":86},[47,8322,102],{"class":61},[47,8324,35],{"class":65},[47,8326,102],{"class":61},[47,8328,1879],{"class":86},[20,8330,814],{},[38,8332,8333],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8334,8335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8336,8337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8338,4160],{"class":4032},[469,8340,8342,2576,8345],{"id":8341},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8343,8344],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8346,31],{},[38,8348,8350],{"className":40,"code":8349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8351,8352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8353,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8355,83],{"class":82},[47,8357,87],{"class":86},[47,8359,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8361,87],{"class":86},[47,8363,102],{"class":61},[47,8365,1721],{"class":65},[47,8367,102],{"class":61},[47,8369,1879],{"class":86},[20,8371,814],{},[38,8373,8374],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8375,8376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8377,8378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8379,4160],{"class":4032},[20,8381,8382,8383,94],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3922,8384,7722],{},[20,8386,8387,8389],{},[15,8388,3993],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8391,8392,8393,8398,8399,8401],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[455,8394,8396],{"href":8395},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8397,3135],{},", because ",[15,8400,3135],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8403,183],{},[38,8405,8407],{"className":40,"code":8406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8408,8409,8430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8410,8411,8414,8416,8419,8421,8423,8426,8428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8412,8413],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8415,58],{"class":57},[47,8417,8418],{"class":82}," input",[47,8420,87],{"class":86},[47,8422,102],{"class":61},[47,8424,8425],{"class":65},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8427,102],{"class":61},[47,8429,286],{"class":86},[47,8431,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440,8443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8433,83],{"class":82},[47,8435,87],{"class":86},[47,8437,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8439,87],{"class":86},[47,8441,8442],{"class":90},"user_value",[47,8444,1879],{"class":86},[20,8446,8447,8448,8450,8451,8398,8453,8455],{},"If the user types ",[15,8449,35],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8452,31],{},[15,8454,6857],{}," is not empty.",[149,8457,8459],{"id":8458},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8461,8462,8463,8465,8466,8468],{},"In many ",[15,8464,723],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8467,3993],{}," yourself.",[20,8470,8471],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8473,8474],{},"Instead of this:",[38,8476,8478],{"className":40,"code":8477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8479,8480,8501,8505,8518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8481,8482,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8483,8484],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8486,58],{"class":57},[47,8488,3803],{"class":86},[47,8490,1598],{"class":445},[47,8492,309],{"class":86},[47,8494,1769],{"class":445},[47,8496,309],{"class":86},[47,8498,2630],{"class":445},[47,8500,3816],{"class":86},[47,8502,8503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8504,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,8506,8507,8509,8511,8513,8516],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,8508,723],{"class":752},[47,8510,8156],{"class":1570},[47,8512,87],{"class":86},[47,8514,8515],{"class":90},"my_list",[47,8517,771],{"class":86},[47,8519,8520,8522,8524,8526,8529,8531],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,8521,776],{"class":82},[47,8523,87],{"class":86},[47,8525,102],{"class":61},[47,8527,8528],{"class":65},"List has items",[47,8530,102],{"class":61},[47,8532,286],{"class":86},[20,8534,8535],{},"You can simply write:",[38,8537,8539],{"className":40,"code":8538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8540,8541,8561,8565,8574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8542,8543,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8544,8484],{"class":53},[47,8546,58],{"class":57},[47,8548,3803],{"class":86},[47,8550,1598],{"class":445},[47,8552,309],{"class":86},[47,8554,1769],{"class":445},[47,8556,309],{"class":86},[47,8558,2630],{"class":445},[47,8560,3816],{"class":86},[47,8562,8563],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8564,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,8566,8567,8569,8572],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,8568,723],{"class":752},[47,8570,8571],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,8573,795],{"class":86},[47,8575,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584,8586],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,8577,776],{"class":82},[47,8579,87],{"class":86},[47,8581,102],{"class":61},[47,8583,8528],{"class":65},[47,8585,102],{"class":61},[47,8587,286],{"class":86},[20,8589,8590],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8592,831,8593,8595],{},[15,8594,3993],{}," is still helpful when:",[162,8597,8598,8601,8609],{},[165,8599,8600],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[165,8602,8603,8604,32,8606,8608],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8605,31],{},[15,8607,35],{}," value",[165,8610,8611],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8613,8614,8615,94],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[455,8616,8617],{"href":2477},"Python type() function explained",[149,8619,1425],{"id":1424},[20,8621,8622,8623,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8624,3993],{},[469,8626,8628,8629,8631,8632],{"id":8627},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8630,8304],{}," to return ",[15,8633,35],{},[20,8635,8636],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,8638,8639],{"className":40,"code":7893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8640,8641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8642,8643,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8644,83],{"class":82},[47,8646,87],{"class":86},[47,8648,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8650,87],{"class":86},[47,8652,102],{"class":61},[47,8654,35],{"class":65},[47,8656,102],{"class":61},[47,8658,1879],{"class":86},[20,8660,814],{},[38,8662,8663],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8664,8665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8666,8667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8668,4160],{"class":4032},[20,8670,8671,8672,6858],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8673,6857],{},[20,8675,8676],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,8678,8680],{"className":40,"code":8679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8681,8682,8694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8683,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8685,1535],{"class":53},[47,8687,58],{"class":57},[47,8689,62],{"class":61},[47,8691,35],{"class":65},[47,8693,69],{"class":61},[47,8695,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704,8706,8708,8710],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8697,83],{"class":82},[47,8699,87],{"class":86},[47,8701,1535],{"class":90},[47,8703,4871],{"class":57},[47,8705,62],{"class":61},[47,8707,31],{"class":65},[47,8709,102],{"class":61},[47,8711,286],{"class":86},[20,8713,814],{},[38,8715,8716],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8717,8718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8719,8720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8721,4221],{"class":4032},[469,8723,8725],{"id":8724},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8727,8728,8730],{},[15,8729,3135],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,8732,8734],{"className":40,"code":8733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8735,8736,8755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8737,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746,8748,8751,8753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8739,1535],{"class":53},[47,8741,58],{"class":57},[47,8743,8418],{"class":82},[47,8745,87],{"class":86},[47,8747,102],{"class":61},[47,8749,8750],{"class":65},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,8752,102],{"class":61},[47,8754,286],{"class":86},[47,8756,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765,8767],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8758,83],{"class":82},[47,8760,87],{"class":86},[47,8762,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8764,87],{"class":86},[47,8766,1587],{"class":90},[47,8768,1879],{"class":86},[20,8770,8447,8771,8774,8775,8777,8778,8455],{},[15,8772,8773],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8776,31],{}," because ",[15,8779,8780],{},"\"no\"",[20,8782,8783],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,8785,8787],{"className":40,"code":8786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8788,8789,8818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8790,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805,8808,8811,8813,8815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8792,1535],{"class":53},[47,8794,58],{"class":57},[47,8796,8418],{"class":82},[47,8798,87],{"class":86},[47,8800,102],{"class":61},[47,8802,8750],{"class":65},[47,8804,102],{"class":61},[47,8806,8807],{"class":86},").",[47,8809,8810],{"class":90},"strip",[47,8812,1303],{"class":86},[47,8814,1300],{"class":90},[47,8816,8817],{"class":86},"()\n",[47,8819,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8833,8835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8821,83],{"class":82},[47,8823,87],{"class":86},[47,8825,1535],{"class":90},[47,8827,4871],{"class":57},[47,8829,62],{"class":61},[47,8831,8832],{"class":65},"yes",[47,8834,102],{"class":61},[47,8836,286],{"class":86},[20,8838,8839,8840,8842,8843,94],{},"This gives ",[15,8841,31],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8844,8832],{},[469,8846,8848],{"id":8847},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8850,8851],{},"These are different:",[162,8853,8854,8858,8862,8866,8870],{},[165,8855,8856],{},[15,8857,35],{},[165,8859,8860],{},[15,8861,1721],{},[165,8863,8864],{},[15,8865,6452],{},[165,8867,8868],{},[15,8869,3967],{},[165,8871,8872],{},[15,8873,3958],{},[20,8875,8876,8877,834,8879,8881],{},"They all become ",[15,8878,35],{},[15,8880,3993],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8883,8884],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,8886,8888],{"className":40,"code":8887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8889,8890,8898,8912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8891,8892,8894,8896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8893,1535],{"class":53},[47,8895,58],{"class":57},[47,8897,8015],{"class":86},[47,8899,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8901,83],{"class":82},[47,8903,87],{"class":86},[47,8905,1872],{"class":1570},[47,8907,87],{"class":86},[47,8909,1587],{"class":90},[47,8911,1879],{"class":86},[47,8913,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922,8924],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,8915,83],{"class":82},[47,8917,87],{"class":86},[47,8919,4048],{"class":1570},[47,8921,87],{"class":86},[47,8923,1587],{"class":90},[47,8925,1879],{"class":86},[20,8927,814],{},[38,8929,8931],{"className":40,"code":8930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8932,8933,8947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8934,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8936,3468],{"class":57},[47,8938,3471],{"class":2242},[47,8940,3474],{"class":61},[47,8942,8269],{"class":65},[47,8944,3479],{"class":61},[47,8946,3482],{"class":57},[47,8948,8949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8950,4221],{"class":4032},[469,8952,831,8954,8956],{"id":8953},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8955,3972],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8958,8959,8960,8962],{},"In Python, ",[15,8961,3972],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,8964,8966],{"className":40,"code":8965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8967,8968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8969,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8971,83],{"class":82},[47,8973,87],{"class":86},[47,8975,1872],{"class":1570},[47,8977,7633],{"class":86},[20,8979,814],{},[38,8981,8983],{"className":40,"code":8982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8984,8985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8986,8987,8989,8991,8993,8996,8998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8988,3468],{"class":57},[47,8990,3471],{"class":2242},[47,8992,3474],{"class":61},[47,8994,8995],{"class":65},"dict",[47,8997,3479],{"class":61},[47,8999,3482],{"class":57},[20,9001,9002],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,9004,9006],{"className":40,"code":9005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9007,9008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9009,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9011,83],{"class":82},[47,9013,87],{"class":86},[47,9015,1872],{"class":1570},[47,9017,87],{"class":86},[47,9019,6467],{"class":1570},[47,9021,6470],{"class":86},[20,9023,814],{},[38,9025,9027],{"className":40,"code":9026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9028,9029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9030,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039,9041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9032,3468],{"class":57},[47,9034,3471],{"class":2242},[47,9036,3474],{"class":61},[47,9038,6467],{"class":65},[47,9040,3479],{"class":61},[47,9042,3482],{"class":57},[149,9044,9046],{"id":9045},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9048,9049,9050,9052],{},"If ",[15,9051,3993],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,9054,9056],{"className":40,"code":9055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9057,9058,9072,9086,9096,9114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9059,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9061,83],{"class":82},[47,9063,87],{"class":86},[47,9065,4048],{"class":1570},[47,9067,87],{"class":86},[47,9069,1587],{"class":90},[47,9071,1879],{"class":86},[47,9073,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9075,83],{"class":82},[47,9077,87],{"class":86},[47,9079,1872],{"class":1570},[47,9081,87],{"class":86},[47,9083,1587],{"class":90},[47,9085,1879],{"class":86},[47,9087,9088,9090,9092,9094],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,9089,83],{"class":82},[47,9091,87],{"class":86},[47,9093,1587],{"class":90},[47,9095,286],{"class":86},[47,9097,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,9099,83],{"class":82},[47,9101,87],{"class":86},[47,9103,1535],{"class":90},[47,9105,4871],{"class":57},[47,9107,62],{"class":61},[47,9109,31],{"class":65},[47,9111,102],{"class":61},[47,9113,286],{"class":86},[47,9115,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,9117,83],{"class":82},[47,9119,87],{"class":86},[47,9121,1587],{"class":90},[47,9123,94],{"class":86},[47,9125,8810],{"class":90},[47,9127,1303],{"class":86},[47,9129,1300],{"class":90},[47,9131,7370],{"class":86},[20,9133,9134],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[162,9136,9137,9140,9143,9146],{},[165,9138,9139],{},"what the value really is",[165,9141,9142],{},"whether it is a string",[165,9144,9145],{},"whether it contains spaces",[165,9147,9148],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9150,9151,9152,94],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[455,9153,9155],{"href":9154},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[149,9157,1962],{"id":1961},[469,9159,9161],{"id":9160},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9163,9164,9165,32,9167,94],{},"It returns either ",[15,9166,31],{},[15,9168,35],{},[469,9170,9172],{"id":9171},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9174,170,9175,94],{},[15,9176,35],{},[469,9178,9180],{"id":9179},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9182,9183,9184,94],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9185,31],{},[469,9187,9189],{"id":9188},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9191,9192,9193,94],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9194,35],{},[469,9196,9198],{"id":9197},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9200,9201,9202,32,9204,3916],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9203,31],{},[15,9205,35],{},[149,9207,2062],{"id":2061},[162,9209,9210,9215,9219,9224,9228,9233],{},[165,9211,9212],{},[455,9213,9214],{"href":5956},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[165,9216,9217],{},[455,9218,8285],{"href":8284},[165,9220,9221],{},[455,9222,9223],{"href":8395},"Python input() function explained",[165,9225,9226],{},[455,9227,8617],{"href":2477},[165,9229,9230],{},[455,9231,9232],{"href":9154},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[165,9234,9235],{},[455,9236,9237],{"href":7386},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2093,9239,9240],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":9242},[9243,9244,9245,9246,9247,9248,9254,9260,9261,9269,9270,9277],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":7324,"depth":72,"text":7325},{"id":7390,"depth":72,"text":7391},{"id":7508,"depth":72,"text":7509},{"id":7703,"depth":72,"text":7704},{"id":7934,"depth":72,"text":7935,"children":9249},[9250,9251,9252,9253],{"id":7944,"depth":79,"text":7945},{"id":8042,"depth":79,"text":8043},{"id":8126,"depth":79,"text":8127},{"id":8199,"depth":79,"text":8200},{"id":8288,"depth":72,"text":8289,"children":9255},[9256,9258],{"id":8301,"depth":79,"text":9257},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8341,"depth":79,"text":9259},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8458,"depth":72,"text":8459},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":9262},[9263,9265,9266,9267],{"id":8627,"depth":79,"text":9264},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8724,"depth":79,"text":8725},{"id":8847,"depth":79,"text":8848},{"id":8953,"depth":79,"text":9268},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9045,"depth":72,"text":9046},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":9271},[9272,9273,9274,9275,9276],{"id":9160,"depth":79,"text":9161},{"id":9171,"depth":79,"text":9172},{"id":9179,"depth":79,"text":9180},{"id":9188,"depth":79,"text":9189},{"id":9197,"depth":79,"text":9198},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7152,"description":9278},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9285,"title":9286,"body":9287,"description":11480,"extension":2138,"meta":11481,"navigation":75,"path":11482,"seo":11483,"stem":11484,"__hash__":11485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9288,"toc":11442},[9289,9295,9301,9308,9313,9324,9331,9439,9443,9512,9517,9522,9527,9530,9541,9546,9548,9559,9566,9568,9573,9577,9602,9606,9615,9619,9682,9686,9719,9723,9768,9772,9809,9813,9816,9872,9876,9922,9925,9930,9969,9973,9996,9999,10013,10026,10030,10035,10102,10106,10142,10145,10153,10156,10220,10224,10256,10262,10264,10324,10331,10334,10412,10416,10449,10453,10456,10500,10504,10540,10543,10560,10563,10566,10619,10622,10633,10640,10649,10652,10710,10714,10755,10763,10771,10777,10785,10797,10802,10813,10886,10889,10901,10916,10920,10925,10929,10931,10974,10980,10983,11046,11050,11053,11062,11067,11104,11108,11111,11119,11122,11161,11165,11168,11219,11223,11244,11251,11253,11259,11286,11289,11344,11347,11358,11360,11367,11375,11381,11386,11393,11396,11403,11410,11412,11439],[10,9290,3755,9292,3759],{"id":9291},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9293,9294],{},"dict()",[20,9296,9297,9298,9300],{},"The built-in ",[15,9299,9294],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9302,9303,9304,9307],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3922,9305,9306],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9309,9310,9312],{},[15,9311,9294],{}," is commonly used to:",[162,9314,9315,9318,9321],{},[165,9316,9317],{},"create an empty dictionary",[165,9319,9320],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[165,9322,9323],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9325,9326,9327,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[455,9328,9330],{"href":9329},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[38,9332,9334],{"className":40,"code":9333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9335,9336,9371,9382,9386,9424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9337,9338,9341,9343,9346,9348,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9364,9366,9369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9339,9340],{"class":53},"data ",[47,9342,58],{"class":57},[47,9344,9345],{"class":1570}," dict",[47,9347,87],{"class":86},[47,9349,214],{"class":9350},"s99_P",[47,9352,58],{"class":57},[47,9354,3479],{"class":61},[47,9356,5184],{"class":65},[47,9358,3479],{"class":61},[47,9360,309],{"class":86},[47,9362,9363],{"class":9350}," age",[47,9365,58],{"class":57},[47,9367,9368],{"class":445},"25",[47,9370,286],{"class":86},[47,9372,9373,9375,9377,9380],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9374,83],{"class":82},[47,9376,87],{"class":86},[47,9378,9379],{"class":90},"data",[47,9381,286],{"class":86},[47,9383,9384],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,9385,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,9387,9388,9391,9393,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,9389,9390],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9392,58],{"class":57},[47,9394,9395],{"class":86}," [(",[47,9397,3479],{"class":61},[47,9399,455],{"class":65},[47,9401,3479],{"class":61},[47,9403,309],{"class":86},[47,9405,5677],{"class":445},[47,9407,9408],{"class":86},"),",[47,9410,1067],{"class":86},[47,9412,3479],{"class":61},[47,9414,2014],{"class":65},[47,9416,3479],{"class":61},[47,9418,309],{"class":86},[47,9420,1769],{"class":445},[47,9422,9423],{"class":86},")]\n",[47,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9437],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,9427,83],{"class":82},[47,9429,87],{"class":86},[47,9431,8995],{"class":1570},[47,9433,87],{"class":86},[47,9435,9436],{"class":90},"pairs",[47,9438,1879],{"class":86},[20,9440,9441],{},[3922,9442,814],{},[38,9444,9446],{"className":40,"code":9445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9447,9448,9484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9449,9450,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9474,9476,9478,9481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9451,9452],{"class":86},"{",[47,9454,3479],{"class":61},[47,9456,214],{"class":65},[47,9458,3479],{"class":61},[47,9460,3062],{"class":86},[47,9462,3474],{"class":61},[47,9464,5184],{"class":65},[47,9466,3479],{"class":61},[47,9468,309],{"class":86},[47,9470,3474],{"class":61},[47,9472,9473],{"class":65},"age",[47,9475,3479],{"class":61},[47,9477,3062],{"class":86},[47,9479,9480],{"class":445}," 25",[47,9482,9483],{"class":86},"}\n",[47,9485,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9487,9452],{"class":86},[47,9489,3479],{"class":61},[47,9491,455],{"class":65},[47,9493,3479],{"class":61},[47,9495,3062],{"class":86},[47,9497,5677],{"class":445},[47,9499,309],{"class":86},[47,9501,3474],{"class":61},[47,9503,2014],{"class":65},[47,9505,3479],{"class":61},[47,9507,3062],{"class":86},[47,9509,1769],{"class":445},[47,9511,9483],{"class":86},[20,9513,144,9514,9516],{},[15,9515,9294],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[149,9518,152,9520,155],{"id":9519},"what-dict-does",[15,9521,9294],{},[20,9523,9524,9526],{},[15,9525,9294],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9528,9529],{},"A dictionary:",[162,9531,9532,9535,9538],{},[165,9533,9534],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[165,9536,9537],{},"lets you look up values by key",[165,9539,9540],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9542,9543,9545],{},[15,9544,9294],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9547,1331],{},[162,9549,9550,9553,9556],{},[165,9551,9552],{},"making an empty dictionary",[165,9554,9555],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[165,9557,9558],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9560,9561,9562,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[455,9563,9565],{"href":9564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[149,9567,261],{"id":260},[20,9569,9570,9572],{},[15,9571,9294],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[469,9574,9576],{"id":9575},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,9578,9580],{"className":40,"code":9579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9581,9582,9592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9583,9584,9586,9588,9590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9585,9340],{"class":53},[47,9587,58],{"class":57},[47,9589,9345],{"class":1570},[47,9591,8817],{"class":86},[47,9593,9594,9596,9598,9600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9595,83],{"class":82},[47,9597,87],{"class":86},[47,9599,9379],{"class":90},[47,9601,286],{"class":86},[20,9603,9604],{},[3922,9605,814],{},[38,9607,9609],{"className":40,"code":9608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,9610,9611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9612,9613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9614,9608],{"class":86},[469,9616,9618],{"id":9617},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,9620,9622],{"className":40,"code":9621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9623,9624,9658,9672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9625,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9627,9390],{"class":53},[47,9629,58],{"class":57},[47,9631,9395],{"class":86},[47,9633,3479],{"class":61},[47,9635,455],{"class":65},[47,9637,3479],{"class":61},[47,9639,309],{"class":86},[47,9641,5677],{"class":445},[47,9643,9408],{"class":86},[47,9645,1067],{"class":86},[47,9647,3479],{"class":61},[47,9649,2014],{"class":65},[47,9651,3479],{"class":61},[47,9653,309],{"class":86},[47,9655,1769],{"class":445},[47,9657,9423],{"class":86},[47,9659,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9661,9340],{"class":53},[47,9663,58],{"class":57},[47,9665,9345],{"class":1570},[47,9667,87],{"class":86},[47,9669,9436],{"class":90},[47,9671,286],{"class":86},[47,9673,9674,9676,9678,9680],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,9675,83],{"class":82},[47,9677,87],{"class":86},[47,9679,9379],{"class":90},[47,9681,286],{"class":86},[20,9683,9684],{},[3922,9685,814],{},[38,9687,9689],{"className":40,"code":9688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9690,9691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9692,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9694,9452],{"class":86},[47,9696,3479],{"class":61},[47,9698,455],{"class":65},[47,9700,3479],{"class":61},[47,9702,3062],{"class":86},[47,9704,5677],{"class":445},[47,9706,309],{"class":86},[47,9708,3474],{"class":61},[47,9710,2014],{"class":65},[47,9712,3479],{"class":61},[47,9714,3062],{"class":86},[47,9716,1769],{"class":445},[47,9718,9483],{"class":86},[469,9720,9722],{"id":9721},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,9724,9726],{"className":40,"code":9725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9727,9728,9758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9729,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9731,9340],{"class":53},[47,9733,58],{"class":57},[47,9735,9345],{"class":1570},[47,9737,87],{"class":86},[47,9739,214],{"class":9350},[47,9741,58],{"class":57},[47,9743,3479],{"class":61},[47,9745,5184],{"class":65},[47,9747,3479],{"class":61},[47,9749,309],{"class":86},[47,9751,9363],{"class":9350},[47,9753,58],{"class":57},[47,9755,9368],{"class":445},[47,9757,286],{"class":86},[47,9759,9760,9762,9764,9766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9761,83],{"class":82},[47,9763,87],{"class":86},[47,9765,9379],{"class":90},[47,9767,286],{"class":86},[20,9769,9770],{},[3922,9771,814],{},[38,9773,9775],{"className":40,"code":9774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9776,9777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9778,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9780,9452],{"class":86},[47,9782,3479],{"class":61},[47,9784,214],{"class":65},[47,9786,3479],{"class":61},[47,9788,3062],{"class":86},[47,9790,3474],{"class":61},[47,9792,5184],{"class":65},[47,9794,3479],{"class":61},[47,9796,309],{"class":86},[47,9798,3474],{"class":61},[47,9800,9473],{"class":65},[47,9802,3479],{"class":61},[47,9804,3062],{"class":86},[47,9806,9480],{"class":445},[47,9808,9483],{"class":86},[469,9810,9812],{"id":9811},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9814,9815],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,9817,9819],{"className":40,"code":9818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9820,9821,9862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9822,9823,9825,9827,9829,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9856,9858,9860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9824,9340],{"class":53},[47,9826,58],{"class":57},[47,9828,9345],{"class":1570},[47,9830,9831],{"class":86},"([(",[47,9833,3479],{"class":61},[47,9835,455],{"class":65},[47,9837,3479],{"class":61},[47,9839,309],{"class":86},[47,9841,5677],{"class":445},[47,9843,9844],{"class":86},")],",[47,9846,2737],{"class":9350},[47,9848,58],{"class":57},[47,9850,2233],{"class":445},[47,9852,309],{"class":86},[47,9854,9855],{"class":9350}," c",[47,9857,58],{"class":57},[47,9859,2239],{"class":445},[47,9861,286],{"class":86},[47,9863,9864,9866,9868,9870],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9865,83],{"class":82},[47,9867,87],{"class":86},[47,9869,9379],{"class":90},[47,9871,286],{"class":86},[20,9873,9874],{},[3922,9875,814],{},[38,9877,9879],{"className":40,"code":9878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9880,9881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9882,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9914,9916,9918,9920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9884,9452],{"class":86},[47,9886,3479],{"class":61},[47,9888,455],{"class":65},[47,9890,3479],{"class":61},[47,9892,3062],{"class":86},[47,9894,5677],{"class":445},[47,9896,309],{"class":86},[47,9898,3474],{"class":61},[47,9900,2014],{"class":65},[47,9902,3479],{"class":61},[47,9904,3062],{"class":86},[47,9906,1769],{"class":445},[47,9908,309],{"class":86},[47,9910,3474],{"class":61},[47,9912,9913],{"class":65},"c",[47,9915,3479],{"class":61},[47,9917,3062],{"class":86},[47,9919,2630],{"class":445},[47,9921,9483],{"class":86},[149,9923,9576],{"id":9924},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9926,144,9927,9929],{},[15,9928,9294],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,9931,9933],{"className":40,"code":9932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9934,9935,9945,9959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9936,9937,9939,9941,9943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9938,9340],{"class":53},[47,9940,58],{"class":57},[47,9942,9345],{"class":1570},[47,9944,8817],{"class":86},[47,9946,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9948,83],{"class":82},[47,9950,87],{"class":86},[47,9952,1872],{"class":1570},[47,9954,87],{"class":86},[47,9956,9379],{"class":90},[47,9958,1879],{"class":86},[47,9960,9961,9963,9965,9967],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,9962,83],{"class":82},[47,9964,87],{"class":86},[47,9966,9379],{"class":90},[47,9968,286],{"class":86},[20,9970,9971],{},[3922,9972,814],{},[38,9974,9976],{"className":40,"code":9975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9977,9978,9992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9979,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9981,3468],{"class":57},[47,9983,3471],{"class":2242},[47,9985,3474],{"class":61},[47,9987,8995],{"class":65},[47,9989,3479],{"class":61},[47,9991,3482],{"class":57},[47,9993,9994],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9995,9608],{"class":86},[20,9997,9998],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,10000,10002],{"className":40,"code":10001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,10003,10004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10005,10006,10008,10010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10007,9340],{"class":53},[47,10009,58],{"class":57},[47,10011,10012],{"class":86}," {}\n",[20,10014,10015,10016,10018,10019,10022,10023,10025],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10017,3972],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10020,10021],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10024,9294],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[149,10027,10029],{"id":10028},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10031,10032,10033,94],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10034,9294],{},[38,10036,10038],{"className":40,"code":10037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10039,10040,10078,10092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10043,9390],{"class":53},[47,10045,58],{"class":57},[47,10047,9395],{"class":86},[47,10049,3479],{"class":61},[47,10051,214],{"class":65},[47,10053,3479],{"class":61},[47,10055,309],{"class":86},[47,10057,3474],{"class":61},[47,10059,5184],{"class":65},[47,10061,3479],{"class":61},[47,10063,9408],{"class":86},[47,10065,1067],{"class":86},[47,10067,3479],{"class":61},[47,10069,9473],{"class":65},[47,10071,3479],{"class":61},[47,10073,309],{"class":86},[47,10075,9480],{"class":445},[47,10077,9423],{"class":86},[47,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10081,9340],{"class":53},[47,10083,58],{"class":57},[47,10085,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10087,87],{"class":86},[47,10089,9436],{"class":90},[47,10091,286],{"class":86},[47,10093,10094,10096,10098,10100],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,10095,83],{"class":82},[47,10097,87],{"class":86},[47,10099,9379],{"class":90},[47,10101,286],{"class":86},[20,10103,10104],{},[3922,10105,814],{},[38,10107,10108],{"className":40,"code":9774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10109,10110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10111,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10113,9452],{"class":86},[47,10115,3479],{"class":61},[47,10117,214],{"class":65},[47,10119,3479],{"class":61},[47,10121,3062],{"class":86},[47,10123,3474],{"class":61},[47,10125,5184],{"class":65},[47,10127,3479],{"class":61},[47,10129,309],{"class":86},[47,10131,3474],{"class":61},[47,10133,9473],{"class":65},[47,10135,3479],{"class":61},[47,10137,3062],{"class":86},[47,10139,9480],{"class":445},[47,10141,9483],{"class":86},[20,10143,10144],{},"Each pair becomes:",[162,10146,10147,10150],{},[165,10148,10149],{},"the first item as the key",[165,10151,10152],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10154,10155],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,10157,10159],{"className":40,"code":10158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10160,10161,10196,10210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10162,10163,10165,10167,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10164,9390],{"class":53},[47,10166,58],{"class":57},[47,10168,10169],{"class":86}," ((",[47,10171,3479],{"class":61},[47,10173,455],{"class":65},[47,10175,3479],{"class":61},[47,10177,309],{"class":86},[47,10179,5677],{"class":445},[47,10181,9408],{"class":86},[47,10183,1067],{"class":86},[47,10185,3479],{"class":61},[47,10187,2014],{"class":65},[47,10189,3479],{"class":61},[47,10191,309],{"class":86},[47,10193,1769],{"class":445},[47,10195,1879],{"class":86},[47,10197,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10199,9340],{"class":53},[47,10201,58],{"class":57},[47,10203,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10205,87],{"class":86},[47,10207,9436],{"class":90},[47,10209,286],{"class":86},[47,10211,10212,10214,10216,10218],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,10213,83],{"class":82},[47,10215,87],{"class":86},[47,10217,9379],{"class":90},[47,10219,286],{"class":86},[20,10221,10222],{},[3922,10223,814],{},[38,10225,10226],{"className":40,"code":9688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10227,10228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10229,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10231,9452],{"class":86},[47,10233,3479],{"class":61},[47,10235,455],{"class":65},[47,10237,3479],{"class":61},[47,10239,3062],{"class":86},[47,10241,5677],{"class":445},[47,10243,309],{"class":86},[47,10245,3474],{"class":61},[47,10247,2014],{"class":65},[47,10249,3479],{"class":61},[47,10251,3062],{"class":86},[47,10253,1769],{"class":445},[47,10255,9483],{"class":86},[20,10257,10258,10259,94],{},"Each item must contain ",[3922,10260,10261],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10263,3014],{},[38,10265,10267],{"className":40,"code":10266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10268,10269,10309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10270,10271,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10272,10273],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,10275,58],{"class":57},[47,10277,9395],{"class":86},[47,10279,3479],{"class":61},[47,10281,455],{"class":65},[47,10283,3479],{"class":61},[47,10285,309],{"class":86},[47,10287,5677],{"class":445},[47,10289,309],{"class":86},[47,10291,10292],{"class":445}," 100",[47,10294,9408],{"class":86},[47,10296,1067],{"class":86},[47,10298,3479],{"class":61},[47,10300,2014],{"class":65},[47,10302,3479],{"class":61},[47,10304,309],{"class":86},[47,10306,1769],{"class":445},[47,10308,9423],{"class":86},[47,10310,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10322],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10312,2407],{"class":53},[47,10314,58],{"class":57},[47,10316,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10318,87],{"class":86},[47,10320,10321],{"class":90},"bad_data",[47,10323,286],{"class":86},[20,10325,10326,10327,10330],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10328,10329],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10332,10333],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,10335,10337],{"className":40,"code":10336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10338,10339,10388,10402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10340,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10342,9390],{"class":53},[47,10344,58],{"class":57},[47,10346,9395],{"class":86},[47,10348,3479],{"class":61},[47,10350,455],{"class":65},[47,10352,3479],{"class":61},[47,10354,309],{"class":86},[47,10356,5677],{"class":445},[47,10358,9408],{"class":86},[47,10360,1067],{"class":86},[47,10362,3479],{"class":61},[47,10364,455],{"class":65},[47,10366,3479],{"class":61},[47,10368,309],{"class":86},[47,10370,10371],{"class":445}," 99",[47,10373,9408],{"class":86},[47,10375,1067],{"class":86},[47,10377,3479],{"class":61},[47,10379,2014],{"class":65},[47,10381,3479],{"class":61},[47,10383,309],{"class":86},[47,10385,1769],{"class":445},[47,10387,9423],{"class":86},[47,10389,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10391,9340],{"class":53},[47,10393,58],{"class":57},[47,10395,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10397,87],{"class":86},[47,10399,9436],{"class":90},[47,10401,286],{"class":86},[47,10403,10404,10406,10408,10410],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,10405,83],{"class":82},[47,10407,87],{"class":86},[47,10409,9379],{"class":90},[47,10411,286],{"class":86},[20,10413,10414],{},[3922,10415,814],{},[38,10417,10419],{"className":40,"code":10418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10420,10421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10424,9452],{"class":86},[47,10426,3479],{"class":61},[47,10428,455],{"class":65},[47,10430,3479],{"class":61},[47,10432,3062],{"class":86},[47,10434,10371],{"class":445},[47,10436,309],{"class":86},[47,10438,3474],{"class":61},[47,10440,2014],{"class":65},[47,10442,3479],{"class":61},[47,10444,3062],{"class":86},[47,10446,1769],{"class":445},[47,10448,9483],{"class":86},[149,10450,10452],{"id":10451},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10454,10455],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,10457,10458],{"className":40,"code":9725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10459,10460,10490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10461,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10463,9340],{"class":53},[47,10465,58],{"class":57},[47,10467,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10469,87],{"class":86},[47,10471,214],{"class":9350},[47,10473,58],{"class":57},[47,10475,3479],{"class":61},[47,10477,5184],{"class":65},[47,10479,3479],{"class":61},[47,10481,309],{"class":86},[47,10483,9363],{"class":9350},[47,10485,58],{"class":57},[47,10487,9368],{"class":445},[47,10489,286],{"class":86},[47,10491,10492,10494,10496,10498],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10493,83],{"class":82},[47,10495,87],{"class":86},[47,10497,9379],{"class":90},[47,10499,286],{"class":86},[20,10501,10502],{},[3922,10503,814],{},[38,10505,10506],{"className":40,"code":9774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10507,10508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10509,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10511,9452],{"class":86},[47,10513,3479],{"class":61},[47,10515,214],{"class":65},[47,10517,3479],{"class":61},[47,10519,3062],{"class":86},[47,10521,3474],{"class":61},[47,10523,5184],{"class":65},[47,10525,3479],{"class":61},[47,10527,309],{"class":86},[47,10529,3474],{"class":61},[47,10531,9473],{"class":65},[47,10533,3479],{"class":61},[47,10535,3062],{"class":86},[47,10537,9480],{"class":445},[47,10539,9483],{"class":86},[20,10541,10542],{},"In this form:",[162,10544,10545,10553],{},[165,10546,10547,10549,10550],{},[15,10548,214],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10551,10552],{},"'name'",[165,10554,10555,10549,10557],{},[15,10556,9473],{},[15,10558,10559],{},"'age'",[20,10561,10562],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10564,10565],{},"Valid examples:",[38,10567,10569],{"className":40,"code":10568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10570,10571,10609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10572,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10584,10586,10588,10591,10593,10595,10598,10600,10602,10605,10607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10574,9340],{"class":53},[47,10576,58],{"class":57},[47,10578,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10580,87],{"class":86},[47,10582,10583],{"class":9350},"city",[47,10585,58],{"class":57},[47,10587,3479],{"class":61},[47,10589,10590],{"class":65},"Paris",[47,10592,3479],{"class":61},[47,10594,309],{"class":86},[47,10596,10597],{"class":9350}," country",[47,10599,58],{"class":57},[47,10601,3479],{"class":61},[47,10603,10604],{"class":65},"France",[47,10606,3479],{"class":61},[47,10608,286],{"class":86},[47,10610,10611,10613,10615,10617],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10612,83],{"class":82},[47,10614,87],{"class":86},[47,10616,9379],{"class":90},[47,10618,286],{"class":86},[20,10620,10621],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[162,10623,10624,10627,10630],{},[165,10625,10626],{},"spaces",[165,10628,10629],{},"hyphens",[165,10631,10632],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10634,10635,10636,10639],{},"For example, this is ",[3922,10637,10638],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,10641,10643],{"className":40,"code":10642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10644,10645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10646,10647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10648,10642],{"class":113},[20,10650,10651],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10653,10655],{"className":40,"code":10654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10656,10657,10700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10658,10659,10661,10663,10666,10668,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10660,9340],{"class":53},[47,10662,58],{"class":57},[47,10664,10665],{"class":86}," {",[47,10667,3479],{"class":61},[47,10669,10670],{"class":65},"first-name",[47,10672,3479],{"class":61},[47,10674,3062],{"class":86},[47,10676,3474],{"class":61},[47,10678,7852],{"class":65},[47,10680,3479],{"class":61},[47,10682,309],{"class":86},[47,10684,3474],{"class":61},[47,10686,10687],{"class":65},"first name",[47,10689,3479],{"class":61},[47,10691,3062],{"class":86},[47,10693,3474],{"class":61},[47,10695,7852],{"class":65},[47,10697,3479],{"class":61},[47,10699,9483],{"class":86},[47,10701,10702,10704,10706,10708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10703,83],{"class":82},[47,10705,87],{"class":86},[47,10707,9379],{"class":90},[47,10709,286],{"class":86},[20,10711,10712],{},[3922,10713,814],{},[38,10715,10717],{"className":40,"code":10716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10718,10719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10720,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10722,9452],{"class":86},[47,10724,3479],{"class":61},[47,10726,10670],{"class":65},[47,10728,3479],{"class":61},[47,10730,3062],{"class":86},[47,10732,3474],{"class":61},[47,10734,7852],{"class":65},[47,10736,3479],{"class":61},[47,10738,309],{"class":86},[47,10740,3474],{"class":61},[47,10742,10687],{"class":65},[47,10744,3479],{"class":61},[47,10746,3062],{"class":86},[47,10748,3474],{"class":61},[47,10750,7852],{"class":65},[47,10752,3479],{"class":61},[47,10754,9483],{"class":86},[149,10756,10758,10760,10761],{"id":10757},"dict-vs",[15,10759,9294],{}," vs ",[15,10762,3972],{},[20,10764,10765,10766,837,10768,10770],{},"Both ",[15,10767,9294],{},[15,10769,3972],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[469,10772,144,10774,10776],{"id":10773},"use-when",[15,10775,3972],{}," when:",[162,10778,10779,10782],{},[165,10780,10781],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[165,10783,10784],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,10786,10787],{"className":40,"code":10001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10788,10789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10790,10791,10793,10795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10792,9340],{"class":53},[47,10794,58],{"class":57},[47,10796,10012],{"class":86},[469,10798,144,10800,10776],{"id":10799},"use-dict-when",[15,10801,9294],{},[162,10803,10804,10807,10810],{},[165,10805,10806],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[165,10808,10809],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[165,10811,10812],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,10814,10816],{"className":40,"code":10815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10817,10818,10855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10819,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10821,9340],{"class":53},[47,10823,58],{"class":57},[47,10825,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10827,9831],{"class":86},[47,10829,3479],{"class":61},[47,10831,455],{"class":65},[47,10833,3479],{"class":61},[47,10835,309],{"class":86},[47,10837,5677],{"class":445},[47,10839,9408],{"class":86},[47,10841,1067],{"class":86},[47,10843,3479],{"class":61},[47,10845,2014],{"class":65},[47,10847,3479],{"class":61},[47,10849,309],{"class":86},[47,10851,1769],{"class":445},[47,10853,10854],{"class":86},")])\n",[47,10856,10857,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10858,10859],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10861,58],{"class":57},[47,10863,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10865,87],{"class":86},[47,10867,214],{"class":9350},[47,10869,58],{"class":57},[47,10871,3479],{"class":61},[47,10873,5184],{"class":65},[47,10875,3479],{"class":61},[47,10877,309],{"class":86},[47,10879,9363],{"class":9350},[47,10881,58],{"class":57},[47,10883,9368],{"class":445},[47,10885,286],{"class":86},[20,10887,10888],{},"So:",[162,10890,10891,10896],{},[165,10892,10893,10895],{},[15,10894,3972],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[165,10897,10898,10900],{},[15,10899,9294],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10902,10903,10904,10908,10909,94],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[455,10905,10907],{"href":10906},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[455,10910,10912,10913,1168],{"href":10911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10914,10915],{},"get()",[149,10917,10919],{"id":10918},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10921,10922,10923,94],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10924,9294],{},[469,10926,10928],{"id":10927},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10930,4707],{},[38,10932,10934],{"className":40,"code":10933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10935,10936,10960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10937,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10939,7955],{"class":53},[47,10941,58],{"class":57},[47,10943,3803],{"class":86},[47,10945,3479],{"class":61},[47,10947,455],{"class":65},[47,10949,3479],{"class":61},[47,10951,309],{"class":86},[47,10953,3474],{"class":61},[47,10955,2014],{"class":65},[47,10957,3479],{"class":61},[47,10959,3816],{"class":86},[47,10961,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10963,9340],{"class":53},[47,10965,58],{"class":57},[47,10967,9345],{"class":1570},[47,10969,87],{"class":86},[47,10971,7986],{"class":90},[47,10973,286],{"class":86},[20,10975,10976,10977,94],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10978,10979],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10981,10982],{},"Correct version:",[38,10984,10986],{"className":40,"code":10985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10987,10988,11022,11036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10989,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10991,7955],{"class":53},[47,10993,58],{"class":57},[47,10995,9395],{"class":86},[47,10997,3479],{"class":61},[47,10999,455],{"class":65},[47,11001,3479],{"class":61},[47,11003,309],{"class":86},[47,11005,5677],{"class":445},[47,11007,9408],{"class":86},[47,11009,1067],{"class":86},[47,11011,3479],{"class":61},[47,11013,2014],{"class":65},[47,11015,3479],{"class":61},[47,11017,309],{"class":86},[47,11019,1769],{"class":445},[47,11021,9423],{"class":86},[47,11023,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11025,9340],{"class":53},[47,11027,58],{"class":57},[47,11029,9345],{"class":1570},[47,11031,87],{"class":86},[47,11033,7986],{"class":90},[47,11035,286],{"class":86},[47,11037,11038,11040,11042,11044],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,11039,83],{"class":82},[47,11041,87],{"class":86},[47,11043,9379],{"class":90},[47,11045,286],{"class":86},[469,11047,11049],{"id":11048},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11051,11052],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,11054,11056],{"className":40,"code":11055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11057,11058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11059,11060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11061,11055],{"class":113},[20,11063,11064,11065,3062],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11066,58],{},[38,11068,11070],{"className":40,"code":11069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11071,11072,11094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11073,11074,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11075,9340],{"class":53},[47,11077,58],{"class":57},[47,11079,9345],{"class":1570},[47,11081,87],{"class":86},[47,11083,214],{"class":9350},[47,11085,58],{"class":57},[47,11087,3479],{"class":61},[47,11089,5184],{"class":65},[47,11091,3479],{"class":61},[47,11093,286],{"class":86},[47,11095,11096,11098,11100,11102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11097,83],{"class":82},[47,11099,87],{"class":86},[47,11101,9379],{"class":90},[47,11103,286],{"class":86},[469,11105,11107],{"id":11106},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11109,11110],{},"This will not work:",[38,11112,11113],{"className":40,"code":10642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11114,11115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11116,11117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11118,10642],{"class":113},[20,11120,11121],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,11123,11125],{"className":40,"code":11124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11126,11127,11151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11130,9340],{"class":53},[47,11132,58],{"class":57},[47,11134,10665],{"class":86},[47,11136,3479],{"class":61},[47,11138,10670],{"class":65},[47,11140,3479],{"class":61},[47,11142,3062],{"class":86},[47,11144,3474],{"class":61},[47,11146,7852],{"class":65},[47,11148,3479],{"class":61},[47,11150,9483],{"class":86},[47,11152,11153,11155,11157,11159],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11154,83],{"class":82},[47,11156,87],{"class":86},[47,11158,9379],{"class":90},[47,11160,286],{"class":86},[469,11162,11164],{"id":11163},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11166,11167],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,11169,11171],{"className":40,"code":11170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11172,11173,11209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11174,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11176,9340],{"class":53},[47,11178,58],{"class":57},[47,11180,9345],{"class":1570},[47,11182,9831],{"class":86},[47,11184,3479],{"class":61},[47,11186,2350],{"class":65},[47,11188,3479],{"class":61},[47,11190,309],{"class":86},[47,11192,5677],{"class":445},[47,11194,9408],{"class":86},[47,11196,1067],{"class":86},[47,11198,3479],{"class":61},[47,11200,2350],{"class":65},[47,11202,3479],{"class":61},[47,11204,309],{"class":86},[47,11206,1769],{"class":445},[47,11208,10854],{"class":86},[47,11210,11211,11213,11215,11217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11212,83],{"class":82},[47,11214,87],{"class":86},[47,11216,9379],{"class":90},[47,11218,286],{"class":86},[20,11220,11221],{},[3922,11222,814],{},[38,11224,11226],{"className":40,"code":11225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11227,11228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11229,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11231,9452],{"class":86},[47,11233,3479],{"class":61},[47,11235,2350],{"class":65},[47,11237,3479],{"class":61},[47,11239,3062],{"class":86},[47,11241,1769],{"class":445},[47,11243,9483],{"class":86},[20,11245,11246,11247,94],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[455,11248,11250],{"href":11249},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[149,11252,1425],{"id":1424},[20,11254,11255,11256,11258],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11257,9294],{}," include:",[162,11260,11261,11271,11277,11280],{},[165,11262,11263,11264,11267,11268],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11265,11266],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11269,11270],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[165,11272,11273,11274],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11275,11276],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[165,11278,11279],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[165,11281,11282,11283,11285],{},"confusing ",[15,11284,9294],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11287,11288],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,11290,11292],{"className":40,"code":11291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11293,11294,11308,11318,11329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11295,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11297,83],{"class":82},[47,11299,87],{"class":86},[47,11301,1872],{"class":1570},[47,11303,87],{"class":86},[47,11305,9379],{"class":90},[47,11307,1879],{"class":86},[47,11309,11310,11312,11314,11316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11311,83],{"class":82},[47,11313,87],{"class":86},[47,11315,9379],{"class":90},[47,11317,286],{"class":86},[47,11319,11320,11322,11324,11327],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,11321,83],{"class":82},[47,11323,87],{"class":86},[47,11325,11326],{"class":90},"list_of_pairs",[47,11328,286],{"class":86},[47,11330,11331,11333,11335,11338,11340,11342],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,11332,83],{"class":82},[47,11334,87],{"class":86},[47,11336,11337],{"class":82},"len",[47,11339,87],{"class":86},[47,11341,11326],{"class":90},[47,11343,1879],{"class":86},[20,11345,11346],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[162,11348,11349,11352,11355],{},[165,11350,11351],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[165,11353,11354],{},"what data is being passed in",[165,11356,11357],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[149,11359,1962],{"id":1961},[469,11361,2032,11363,837,11365,2037],{"id":11362},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11364,9294],{},[15,11366,3972],{},[20,11368,11369,11371,11372,11374],{},[15,11370,3972],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11373,9294],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[469,11376,1980,11378,11380],{"id":11377},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11379,9294],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11382,11383,11384,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11385,11270],{},[469,11387,5338,11389,11392],{"id":11388},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11390,11391],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11394,11395],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[469,11397,11399,11400,11402],{"id":11398},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11401,9294],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11404,11405,11406,11409],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11407,11408],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[149,11411,2062],{"id":2061},[162,11413,11414,11419,11423,11428,11434],{},[165,11415,11416],{},[455,11417,11418],{"href":9564},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[165,11420,11421],{},[455,11422,9330],{"href":9329},[165,11424,11425],{},[455,11426,11427],{"href":10906},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[165,11429,11430],{},[455,11431,10912,11432,1168],{"href":10911},[15,11433,10915],{},[165,11435,11436],{},[455,11437,11438],{"href":11249},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2093,11440,11441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":11443},[11444,11446,11452,11453,11454,11455,11462,11468,11469,11479],{"id":9519,"depth":72,"text":11445},"What dict() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":11447},[11448,11449,11450,11451],{"id":9575,"depth":79,"text":9576},{"id":9617,"depth":79,"text":9618},{"id":9721,"depth":79,"text":9722},{"id":9811,"depth":79,"text":9812},{"id":9924,"depth":72,"text":9576},{"id":10028,"depth":72,"text":10029},{"id":10451,"depth":72,"text":10452},{"id":10757,"depth":72,"text":11456,"children":11457},"dict() vs {}",[11458,11460],{"id":10773,"depth":79,"text":11459},"Use {} when:",{"id":10799,"depth":79,"text":11461},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10918,"depth":72,"text":10919,"children":11463},[11464,11465,11466,11467],{"id":10927,"depth":79,"text":10928},{"id":11048,"depth":79,"text":11049},{"id":11106,"depth":79,"text":11107},{"id":11163,"depth":79,"text":11164},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":11470},[11471,11473,11475,11477],{"id":11362,"depth":79,"text":11472},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11377,"depth":79,"text":11474},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11388,"depth":79,"text":11476},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11398,"depth":79,"text":11478},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9286,"description":11480},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11487,"title":11488,"body":11489,"description":12999,"extension":2138,"meta":13000,"navigation":75,"path":13001,"seo":13002,"stem":13003,"__hash__":13004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11490,"toc":12968},[11491,11498,11504,11511,11513,11574,11579,11584,11589,11607,11610,11614,11616,11632,11635,11648,11652,11655,11789,11791,11858,11861,11877,11883,11889,11892,11974,11976,11990,11994,12000,12065,12067,12075,12078,12101,12107,12170,12176,12179,12193,12206,12210,12221,12226,12237,12244,12248,12254,12376,12378,12404,12407,12424,12427,12538,12540,12589,12591,12604,12613,12618,12623,12634,12636,12739,12762,12764,12768,12787,12790,12848,12851,12877,12879,12885,12888,12894,12898,12905,12913,12919,12922,12924,12965],[10,11492,11494,11495,18],{"id":11493},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11496,11497],{},"clear()",[20,11499,11500,11503],{},[15,11501,11502],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11505,11506,11507,11510],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3922,11508,11509],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[149,11512,2179],{"id":2178},[38,11514,11516],{"className":40,"code":11515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11517,11518,11550,11561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11521,9340],{"class":53},[47,11523,58],{"class":57},[47,11525,10665],{"class":86},[47,11527,102],{"class":61},[47,11529,455],{"class":65},[47,11531,102],{"class":61},[47,11533,3062],{"class":86},[47,11535,5677],{"class":445},[47,11537,309],{"class":86},[47,11539,62],{"class":61},[47,11541,2014],{"class":65},[47,11543,102],{"class":61},[47,11545,3062],{"class":86},[47,11547,1769],{"class":445},[47,11549,9483],{"class":86},[47,11551,11552,11554,11556,11559],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11553,9379],{"class":53},[47,11555,94],{"class":86},[47,11557,11558],{"class":90},"clear",[47,11560,8817],{"class":86},[47,11562,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,11564,83],{"class":82},[47,11566,87],{"class":86},[47,11568,9379],{"class":90},[47,11570,1696],{"class":86},[47,11572,11573],{"class":113},"  # {}\n",[20,11575,11576,11578],{},[15,11577,11497],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[149,11580,152,11582,155],{"id":11581},"what-clear-does",[15,11583,11497],{},[20,11585,842,11586,11588],{},[15,11587,11497],{}," method:",[162,11590,11591,11594,11597,11602],{},[165,11592,11593],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[165,11595,11596],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[165,11598,11599,11600],{},"Returns ",[15,11601,3958],{},[165,11603,11604,11605],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11606,3972],{},[20,11608,11609],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11611,9326,11612,94],{},[455,11613,9330],{"href":9329},[149,11615,261],{"id":260},[38,11617,11619],{"className":40,"code":11618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11620,11621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11622,11623,11626,11628,11630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11624,11625],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,11627,94],{"class":86},[47,11629,11558],{"class":90},[47,11631,8817],{"class":86},[20,11633,11634],{},"Important points:",[162,11636,11637,11642,11645],{},[165,11638,11639,11641],{},[15,11640,11497],{}," takes no arguments",[165,11643,11644],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[165,11646,11647],{},"It empties that dictionary",[149,11649,11651],{"id":11650},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11653,11654],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,11656,11658],{"className":40,"code":11657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11659,11660,11670,11691,11705,11722,11726,11730,11750,11754,11765,11769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11661,11662,11665,11667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11663,11664],{"class":53},"user ",[47,11666,58],{"class":57},[47,11668,11669],{"class":86}," {\n",[47,11671,11672,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11686,11688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11673,11674],{"class":61},"    \"",[47,11676,214],{"class":65},[47,11678,102],{"class":61},[47,11680,3062],{"class":86},[47,11682,62],{"class":61},[47,11684,11685],{"class":65},"Maya",[47,11687,102],{"class":61},[47,11689,11690],{"class":86},",\n",[47,11692,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,11694,11674],{"class":61},[47,11696,9473],{"class":65},[47,11698,102],{"class":61},[47,11700,3062],{"class":86},[47,11702,9480],{"class":445},[47,11704,11690],{"class":86},[47,11706,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11720],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,11708,11674],{"class":61},[47,11710,10583],{"class":65},[47,11712,102],{"class":61},[47,11714,3062],{"class":86},[47,11716,62],{"class":61},[47,11718,11719],{"class":65},"Berlin",[47,11721,69],{"class":61},[47,11723,11724],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,11725,9483],{"class":86},[47,11727,11728],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,11729,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,11731,11732,11734,11736,11738,11741,11743,11745,11748],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,11733,83],{"class":82},[47,11735,87],{"class":86},[47,11737,102],{"class":61},[47,11739,11740],{"class":65},"Before:",[47,11742,102],{"class":61},[47,11744,309],{"class":86},[47,11746,11747],{"class":90}," user",[47,11749,286],{"class":86},[47,11751,11752],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,11753,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,11755,11756,11759,11761,11763],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,11757,11758],{"class":53},"user",[47,11760,94],{"class":86},[47,11762,11558],{"class":90},[47,11764,8817],{"class":86},[47,11766,11767],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,11768,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11781,11783,11785,11787],{"class":49,"line":11771},11,[47,11773,83],{"class":82},[47,11775,87],{"class":86},[47,11777,102],{"class":61},[47,11779,11780],{"class":65},"After:",[47,11782,102],{"class":61},[47,11784,309],{"class":86},[47,11786,11747],{"class":90},[47,11788,286],{"class":86},[20,11790,5738],{},[38,11792,11794],{"className":40,"code":11793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11795,11796,11849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11797,11798,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11799,11800],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11802,3062],{"class":86},[47,11804,10665],{"class":86},[47,11806,3479],{"class":61},[47,11808,214],{"class":65},[47,11810,3479],{"class":61},[47,11812,3062],{"class":86},[47,11814,3474],{"class":61},[47,11816,11685],{"class":65},[47,11818,3479],{"class":61},[47,11820,309],{"class":86},[47,11822,3474],{"class":61},[47,11824,9473],{"class":65},[47,11826,3479],{"class":61},[47,11828,3062],{"class":86},[47,11830,9480],{"class":445},[47,11832,309],{"class":86},[47,11834,3474],{"class":61},[47,11836,10583],{"class":65},[47,11838,3479],{"class":61},[47,11840,3062],{"class":86},[47,11842,3474],{"class":61},[47,11844,11719],{"class":65},[47,11846,3479],{"class":61},[47,11848,9483],{"class":86},[47,11850,11851,11854,11856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11852,11853],{"class":53},"After",[47,11855,3062],{"class":86},[47,11857,10012],{"class":86},[20,11859,11860],{},"What happens here:",[162,11862,11863,11868,11874],{},[165,11864,11865,11867],{},[15,11866,11758],{}," starts with three items",[165,11869,11870,11873],{},[15,11871,11872],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[165,11875,11876],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[149,11878,152,11880,11882],{"id":11879},"what-clear-returns",[15,11881,11497],{}," returns",[20,11884,11885,2576,11887,94],{},[15,11886,11497],{},[15,11888,3958],{},[20,11890,11891],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,11893,11895],{"className":40,"code":11894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11896,11897,11931,11935,11950,11954,11964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11898,11899,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11923,11925,11927,11929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11900,11901],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11903,58],{"class":57},[47,11905,10665],{"class":86},[47,11907,102],{"class":61},[47,11909,2350],{"class":65},[47,11911,102],{"class":61},[47,11913,3062],{"class":86},[47,11915,5677],{"class":445},[47,11917,309],{"class":86},[47,11919,62],{"class":61},[47,11921,11922],{"class":65},"y",[47,11924,102],{"class":61},[47,11926,3062],{"class":86},[47,11928,1769],{"class":445},[47,11930,9483],{"class":86},[47,11932,11933],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11934,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,11936,11937,11939,11941,11944,11946,11948],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,11938,2407],{"class":53},[47,11940,58],{"class":57},[47,11942,11943],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,11945,94],{"class":86},[47,11947,11558],{"class":90},[47,11949,8817],{"class":86},[47,11951,11952],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,11953,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,11955,11956,11958,11960,11962],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,11957,83],{"class":82},[47,11959,87],{"class":86},[47,11961,2442],{"class":90},[47,11963,286],{"class":86},[47,11965,11966,11968,11970,11972],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,11967,83],{"class":82},[47,11969,87],{"class":86},[47,11971,11625],{"class":90},[47,11973,286],{"class":86},[20,11975,814],{},[38,11977,11979],{"className":40,"code":11978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,11980,11981,11986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11982,11983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11984,11985],{"class":4032},"None\n",[47,11987,11988],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11989,9608],{"class":86},[469,11991,11993],{"id":11992},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11995,11996,11997,11999],{},"Do ",[3922,11998,4813],{}," do this:",[38,12001,12003],{"className":40,"code":12002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12004,12005,12037,12051,12055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12006,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12008,11901],{"class":53},[47,12010,58],{"class":57},[47,12012,10665],{"class":86},[47,12014,102],{"class":61},[47,12016,2350],{"class":65},[47,12018,102],{"class":61},[47,12020,3062],{"class":86},[47,12022,5677],{"class":445},[47,12024,309],{"class":86},[47,12026,62],{"class":61},[47,12028,11922],{"class":65},[47,12030,102],{"class":61},[47,12032,3062],{"class":86},[47,12034,1769],{"class":445},[47,12036,9483],{"class":86},[47,12038,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12040,11901],{"class":53},[47,12042,58],{"class":57},[47,12044,11943],{"class":53},[47,12046,94],{"class":86},[47,12048,11558],{"class":90},[47,12050,8817],{"class":86},[47,12052,12053],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12054,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12056,12057,12059,12061,12063],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12058,83],{"class":82},[47,12060,87],{"class":86},[47,12062,11625],{"class":90},[47,12064,286],{"class":86},[20,12066,814],{},[38,12068,12069],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12070,12071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12072,12073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12074,11985],{"class":4032},[20,12076,12077],{},"Why this happens:",[162,12079,12080,12086,12091],{},[165,12081,12082,12085],{},[15,12083,12084],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[165,12087,12088,12089],{},"The method returns ",[15,12090,3958],{},[165,12092,12093,12094,12097,12098,12100],{},"Then ",[15,12095,12096],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12099,3958],{}," in the variable",[20,12102,12103,12104,12106],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12105,11497],{}," by itself:",[38,12108,12110],{"className":40,"code":12109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12111,12112,12144,12154,12158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12113,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140,12142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12115,11901],{"class":53},[47,12117,58],{"class":57},[47,12119,10665],{"class":86},[47,12121,102],{"class":61},[47,12123,2350],{"class":65},[47,12125,102],{"class":61},[47,12127,3062],{"class":86},[47,12129,5677],{"class":445},[47,12131,309],{"class":86},[47,12133,62],{"class":61},[47,12135,11922],{"class":65},[47,12137,102],{"class":61},[47,12139,3062],{"class":86},[47,12141,1769],{"class":445},[47,12143,9483],{"class":86},[47,12145,12146,12148,12150,12152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12147,11625],{"class":53},[47,12149,94],{"class":86},[47,12151,11558],{"class":90},[47,12153,8817],{"class":86},[47,12155,12156],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12157,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12159,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12161,83],{"class":82},[47,12163,87],{"class":86},[47,12165,11625],{"class":90},[47,12167,1696],{"class":86},[47,12169,11573],{"class":113},[149,12171,12173,12175],{"id":12172},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12174,11497],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12177,12178],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,12180,12181],{"className":40,"code":11618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12182,12183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12184,12185,12187,12189,12191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12186,11625],{"class":53},[47,12188,94],{"class":86},[47,12190,11558],{"class":90},[47,12192,8817],{"class":86},[38,12194,12196],{"className":40,"code":12195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12197,12198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12199,12200,12202,12204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12201,11901],{"class":53},[47,12203,58],{"class":57},[47,12205,10012],{"class":86},[469,12207,12208],{"id":11558},[15,12209,11497],{},[162,12211,12212,12215,12218],{},[165,12213,12214],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[165,12216,12217],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[165,12219,12220],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[469,12222,12223],{"id":11625},[15,12224,12225],{},"my_dict = {}",[162,12227,12228,12231,12234],{},[165,12229,12230],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[165,12232,12233],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[165,12235,12236],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12238,12239,12240,94],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[455,12241,12243],{"href":12242},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[149,12245,12247],{"id":12246},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12249,12250,12251,12253],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12252,11497],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,12255,12257],{"className":40,"code":12256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12258,12259,12292,12302,12306,12317,12321,12341,12361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12260,12261,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12262,12263],{"class":53},"original ",[47,12265,58],{"class":57},[47,12267,10665],{"class":86},[47,12269,102],{"class":61},[47,12271,455],{"class":65},[47,12273,102],{"class":61},[47,12275,3062],{"class":86},[47,12277,5677],{"class":445},[47,12279,309],{"class":86},[47,12281,62],{"class":61},[47,12283,2014],{"class":65},[47,12285,102],{"class":61},[47,12287,3062],{"class":86},[47,12289,1769],{"class":445},[47,12291,9483],{"class":86},[47,12293,12294,12297,12299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12295,12296],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12298,58],{"class":57},[47,12300,12301],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12303,12304],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12305,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12307,12308,12311,12313,12315],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12309,12310],{"class":53},"original",[47,12312,94],{"class":86},[47,12314,11558],{"class":90},[47,12316,8817],{"class":86},[47,12318,12319],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,12320,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12322,12323,12325,12327,12329,12332,12334,12336,12339],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,12324,83],{"class":82},[47,12326,87],{"class":86},[47,12328,102],{"class":61},[47,12330,12331],{"class":65},"original:",[47,12333,102],{"class":61},[47,12335,309],{"class":86},[47,12337,12338],{"class":90}," original",[47,12340,286],{"class":86},[47,12342,12343,12345,12347,12349,12352,12354,12356,12359],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,12344,83],{"class":82},[47,12346,87],{"class":86},[47,12348,102],{"class":61},[47,12350,12351],{"class":65},"other_ref:",[47,12353,102],{"class":61},[47,12355,309],{"class":86},[47,12357,12358],{"class":90}," other_ref",[47,12360,286],{"class":86},[47,12362,12363,12365,12367,12369,12372,12374],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,12364,83],{"class":82},[47,12366,87],{"class":86},[47,12368,12263],{"class":90},[47,12370,12371],{"class":752},"is",[47,12373,12358],{"class":90},[47,12375,286],{"class":86},[20,12377,814],{},[38,12379,12381],{"className":40,"code":12380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12382,12383,12391,12400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12384,12385,12387,12389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12386,12310],{"class":53},[47,12388,3062],{"class":86},[47,12390,10012],{"class":86},[47,12392,12393,12396,12398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12394,12395],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12397,3062],{"class":86},[47,12399,10012],{"class":86},[47,12401,12402],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12403,4160],{"class":4032},[20,12405,12406],{},"This shows:",[162,12408,12409,12416,12421],{},[165,12410,12411,837,12413,12415],{},[15,12412,12310],{},[15,12414,12395],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[165,12417,12418,12420],{},[15,12419,11497],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[165,12422,12423],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12425,12426],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,12428,12430],{"className":40,"code":12429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12431,12432,12464,12472,12476,12484,12488,12506,12524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12433,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12435,12263],{"class":53},[47,12437,58],{"class":57},[47,12439,10665],{"class":86},[47,12441,102],{"class":61},[47,12443,455],{"class":65},[47,12445,102],{"class":61},[47,12447,3062],{"class":86},[47,12449,5677],{"class":445},[47,12451,309],{"class":86},[47,12453,62],{"class":61},[47,12455,2014],{"class":65},[47,12457,102],{"class":61},[47,12459,3062],{"class":86},[47,12461,1769],{"class":445},[47,12463,9483],{"class":86},[47,12465,12466,12468,12470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12467,12296],{"class":53},[47,12469,58],{"class":57},[47,12471,12301],{"class":53},[47,12473,12474],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12475,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12477,12478,12480,12482],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12479,12263],{"class":53},[47,12481,58],{"class":57},[47,12483,10012],{"class":86},[47,12485,12486],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,12487,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12489,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,12491,83],{"class":82},[47,12493,87],{"class":86},[47,12495,102],{"class":61},[47,12497,12331],{"class":65},[47,12499,102],{"class":61},[47,12501,309],{"class":86},[47,12503,12338],{"class":90},[47,12505,286],{"class":86},[47,12507,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,12509,83],{"class":82},[47,12511,87],{"class":86},[47,12513,102],{"class":61},[47,12515,12351],{"class":65},[47,12517,102],{"class":61},[47,12519,309],{"class":86},[47,12521,12358],{"class":90},[47,12523,286],{"class":86},[47,12525,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,12527,83],{"class":82},[47,12529,87],{"class":86},[47,12531,12263],{"class":90},[47,12533,12371],{"class":752},[47,12535,12358],{"class":90},[47,12537,286],{"class":86},[20,12539,814],{},[38,12541,12543],{"className":40,"code":12542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12544,12545,12553,12585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12546,12547,12549,12551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12548,12310],{"class":53},[47,12550,3062],{"class":86},[47,12552,10012],{"class":86},[47,12554,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12556,12395],{"class":53},[47,12558,3062],{"class":86},[47,12560,10665],{"class":86},[47,12562,3479],{"class":61},[47,12564,455],{"class":65},[47,12566,3479],{"class":61},[47,12568,3062],{"class":86},[47,12570,5677],{"class":445},[47,12572,309],{"class":86},[47,12574,3474],{"class":61},[47,12576,2014],{"class":65},[47,12578,3479],{"class":61},[47,12580,3062],{"class":86},[47,12582,1769],{"class":445},[47,12584,9483],{"class":86},[47,12586,12587],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12588,4221],{"class":4032},[20,12590,2355],{},[162,12592,12593,12599],{},[165,12594,12595,12598],{},[15,12596,12597],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[165,12600,12601,12603],{},[15,12602,12395],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12605,12606,12607,94],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[455,12608,12610],{"href":12609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12611,12612],{},"dict.copy()",[149,12614,1321,12616],{"id":12615},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12617,11497],{},[20,12619,12620,12622],{},[15,12621,11497],{}," is useful when you want to:",[162,12624,12625,12628,12631],{},[165,12626,12627],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[165,12629,12630],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[165,12632,12633],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12635,183],{},[38,12637,12639],{"className":40,"code":12638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12640,12641,12650,12666,12686,12699,12703,12707,12712,12723,12727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12642,12643,12646,12648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12644,12645],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,12647,58],{"class":57},[47,12649,11669],{"class":86},[47,12651,12652,12654,12657,12659,12661,12664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12653,11674],{"class":61},[47,12655,12656],{"class":65},"user_id",[47,12658,102],{"class":61},[47,12660,3062],{"class":86},[47,12662,12663],{"class":445}," 101",[47,12665,11690],{"class":86},[47,12667,12668,12670,12673,12675,12677,12679,12682,12684],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12669,11674],{"class":61},[47,12671,12672],{"class":65},"theme",[47,12674,102],{"class":61},[47,12676,3062],{"class":86},[47,12678,62],{"class":61},[47,12680,12681],{"class":65},"dark",[47,12683,102],{"class":61},[47,12685,11690],{"class":86},[47,12687,12688,12690,12693,12695,12697],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12689,11674],{"class":61},[47,12691,12692],{"class":65},"logged_in",[47,12694,102],{"class":61},[47,12696,3062],{"class":86},[47,12698,6601],{"class":4032},[47,12700,12701],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,12702,9483],{"class":86},[47,12704,12705],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,12706,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12708,12709],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,12710,12711],{"class":113},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,12713,12714,12717,12719,12721],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,12715,12716],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,12718,94],{"class":86},[47,12720,11558],{"class":90},[47,12722,8817],{"class":86},[47,12724,12725],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,12726,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,12728,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,12730,83],{"class":82},[47,12732,87],{"class":86},[47,12734,12716],{"class":90},[47,12736,1696],{"class":86},[47,12738,11573],{"class":113},[20,12740,12741,12742,12748,12749,94,12753,12755,12756,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[455,12743,12745],{"href":12744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12746,12747],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[455,12750,12752],{"href":12751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10020,12754],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[455,12757,12759],{"href":12758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12760,12761],{},"dict.popitem()",[149,12763,1425],{"id":1424},[20,12765,10922,12766,3062],{},[15,12767,11497],{},[162,12769,12770,12776,12781,12784],{},[165,12771,12772,12773,12775],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12774,11497],{}," to a variable",[165,12777,8628,12778,12780],{},[15,12779,11497],{}," to return a new dictionary",[165,12782,12783],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[165,12785,12786],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12788,12789],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,12791,12793],{"className":40,"code":12792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12794,12795,12805,12819,12834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12796,12797,12799,12801,12803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12798,83],{"class":82},[47,12800,87],{"class":86},[47,12802,11625],{"class":90},[47,12804,286],{"class":86},[47,12806,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12808,83],{"class":82},[47,12810,87],{"class":86},[47,12812,1872],{"class":1570},[47,12814,87],{"class":86},[47,12816,11625],{"class":90},[47,12818,1879],{"class":86},[47,12820,12821,12823,12825,12828,12830,12832],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,12822,83],{"class":82},[47,12824,87],{"class":86},[47,12826,12827],{"class":82},"id",[47,12829,87],{"class":86},[47,12831,11625],{"class":90},[47,12833,1879],{"class":86},[47,12835,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,12837,83],{"class":82},[47,12839,87],{"class":86},[47,12841,12296],{"class":90},[47,12843,12371],{"class":752},[47,12845,11943],{"class":90},[47,12847,286],{"class":86},[20,12849,12850],{},"What these show:",[162,12852,12853,12859,12865,12871],{},[165,12854,12855,12858],{},[15,12856,12857],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[165,12860,12861,12864],{},[15,12862,12863],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[165,12866,12867,12870],{},[15,12868,12869],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[165,12872,12873,12876],{},[15,12874,12875],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[149,12878,1962],{"id":1961},[469,12880,1966,12882,12884],{"id":12881},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12883,11497],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12886,12887],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[469,12889,5323,12891,12893],{"id":12890},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12892,11502],{}," return?",[20,12895,170,12896,94],{},[15,12897,3958],{},[469,12899,2032,12901,837,12903,2037],{"id":12900},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12902,11497],{},[15,12904,3972],{},[20,12906,12907,12909,12910,12912],{},[15,12908,11497],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12911,3972],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[469,12914,1966,12916,12918],{"id":12915},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12917,11497],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12920,12921],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[149,12923,2062],{"id":2061},[162,12925,12926,12930,12934,12941,12948,12955,12960],{},[165,12927,12928],{},[455,12929,9330],{"href":9329},[165,12931,12932],{},[455,12933,11418],{"href":9564},[165,12935,12936],{},[455,12937,10912,12938,1168],{"href":12744},[15,12939,12940],{},"pop()",[165,12942,12943],{},[455,12944,10912,12945,1168],{"href":12758},[15,12946,12947],{},"popitem()",[165,12949,12950],{},[455,12951,10912,12952,1168],{"href":12609},[15,12953,12954],{},"copy()",[165,12956,12957],{},[455,12958,12959],{"href":12242},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[165,12961,12962],{},[455,12963,12964],{"href":12751},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2093,12966,12967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":12969},[12970,12971,12973,12974,12975,12979,12984,12985,12987,12988,12998],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":11581,"depth":72,"text":12972},"What clear() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":11879,"depth":72,"text":12976,"children":12977},"What clear() returns",[12978],{"id":11992,"depth":79,"text":11993},{"id":12172,"depth":72,"text":12980,"children":12981},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12982,12983],{"id":11558,"depth":79,"text":11497},{"id":11625,"depth":79,"text":12225},{"id":12246,"depth":72,"text":12247},{"id":12615,"depth":72,"text":12986},"When to use clear()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":12989},[12990,12992,12994,12996],{"id":12881,"depth":79,"text":12991},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12890,"depth":79,"text":12993},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12900,"depth":79,"text":12995},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12915,"depth":79,"text":12997},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11488,"description":12999},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13006,"title":13007,"body":13008,"description":15176,"extension":2138,"meta":15177,"navigation":75,"path":15178,"seo":15179,"stem":15180,"__hash__":15181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13009,"toc":15148},[13010,13015,13020,13030,13032,13121,13125,13166,13171,13178,13196,13205,13207,13228,13231,13243,13245,13324,13328,13369,13371,13374,13502,13506,13586,13589,13607,13610,13614,13620,13622,13633,13635,13830,13834,13940,13943,13961,13964,13971,13976,13980,13994,13996,14123,14127,14207,14220,14226,14229,14237,14241,14367,14371,14445,14450,14581,14585,14659,14662,14676,14680,14684,14698,14700,14836,14840,14909,14911,14916,14938,14941,15048,15051,15062,15069,15071,15077,15080,15086,15089,15096,15104,15108,15111,15113,15145],[10,13011,11494,13013,18],{"id":13012},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13014,12954],{},[20,13016,13017,13019],{},[15,13018,12612],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13021,13022,13023,13025,13026,13029],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13024,12954],{}," makes a ",[3922,13027,13028],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[149,13031,2179],{"id":2178},[38,13033,13035],{"className":40,"code":13034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13036,13037,13075,13092,13096,13107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13038,13039,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13040,13041],{"class":53},"student ",[47,13043,58],{"class":57},[47,13045,10665],{"class":86},[47,13047,102],{"class":61},[47,13049,214],{"class":65},[47,13051,102],{"class":61},[47,13053,3062],{"class":86},[47,13055,62],{"class":61},[47,13057,13058],{"class":65},"Ana",[47,13060,102],{"class":61},[47,13062,309],{"class":86},[47,13064,62],{"class":61},[47,13066,9473],{"class":65},[47,13068,102],{"class":61},[47,13070,3062],{"class":86},[47,13072,7966],{"class":445},[47,13074,9483],{"class":86},[47,13076,13077,13080,13082,13085,13087,13090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13078,13079],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,13081,58],{"class":57},[47,13083,13084],{"class":53}," student",[47,13086,94],{"class":86},[47,13088,13089],{"class":90},"copy",[47,13091,8817],{"class":86},[47,13093,13094],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,13095,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13097,13098,13100,13102,13105],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,13099,83],{"class":82},[47,13101,87],{"class":86},[47,13103,13104],{"class":90},"student_copy",[47,13106,286],{"class":86},[47,13108,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,13110,83],{"class":82},[47,13112,87],{"class":86},[47,13114,13079],{"class":90},[47,13116,12371],{"class":752},[47,13118,13084],{"class":90},[47,13120,286],{"class":86},[20,13122,13123],{},[3922,13124,814],{},[38,13126,13128],{"className":40,"code":13127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13129,13130,13162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13131,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13133,9452],{"class":86},[47,13135,3479],{"class":61},[47,13137,214],{"class":65},[47,13139,3479],{"class":61},[47,13141,3062],{"class":86},[47,13143,3474],{"class":61},[47,13145,13058],{"class":65},[47,13147,3479],{"class":61},[47,13149,309],{"class":86},[47,13151,3474],{"class":61},[47,13153,9473],{"class":65},[47,13155,3479],{"class":61},[47,13157,3062],{"class":86},[47,13159,7966],{"class":445},[47,13161,9483],{"class":86},[47,13163,13164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13165,4221],{"class":4032},[20,13167,144,13168,13170],{},[15,13169,12954],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[149,13172,13174,13175,13177],{"id":13173},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13176,12954],{}," method does",[162,13179,13180,13185,13188,13193],{},[165,13181,13182,13184],{},[15,13183,12612],{}," returns a new dictionary",[165,13186,13187],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[165,13189,13190,13191],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13192,12954],{},[165,13194,13195],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13197,13198,13199,32,13202,94],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[455,13200,9330],{"href":13201},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[455,13203,9565],{"href":13204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[149,13206,261],{"id":260},[38,13208,13210],{"className":40,"code":13209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13211,13212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13213,13214,13217,13219,13222,13224,13226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13215,13216],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,13218,58],{"class":57},[47,13220,13221],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,13223,94],{"class":86},[47,13225,13089],{"class":90},[47,13227,8817],{"class":86},[20,13229,13230],{},"Key points:",[162,13232,13233,13237,13240],{},[165,13234,13235,11641],{},[15,13236,12954],{},[165,13238,13239],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[165,13241,13242],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13244,183],{},[38,13246,13248],{"className":40,"code":13247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13249,13250,13293,13309,13313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13251,13252,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13289,13291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13253,13254],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,13256,58],{"class":57},[47,13258,10665],{"class":86},[47,13260,102],{"class":61},[47,13262,455],{"class":65},[47,13264,102],{"class":61},[47,13266,3062],{"class":86},[47,13268,62],{"class":61},[47,13270,13271],{"class":65},"red",[47,13273,102],{"class":61},[47,13275,309],{"class":86},[47,13277,62],{"class":61},[47,13279,2014],{"class":65},[47,13281,102],{"class":61},[47,13283,3062],{"class":86},[47,13285,62],{"class":61},[47,13287,13288],{"class":65},"blue",[47,13290,102],{"class":61},[47,13292,9483],{"class":86},[47,13294,13295,13298,13300,13303,13305,13307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13296,13297],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,13299,58],{"class":57},[47,13301,13302],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13304,94],{"class":86},[47,13306,13089],{"class":90},[47,13308,8817],{"class":86},[47,13310,13311],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,13312,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13314,13315,13317,13319,13322],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,13316,83],{"class":82},[47,13318,87],{"class":86},[47,13320,13321],{"class":90},"new_colors",[47,13323,286],{"class":86},[20,13325,13326],{},[3922,13327,814],{},[38,13329,13331],{"className":40,"code":13330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13332,13333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13334,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13336,9452],{"class":86},[47,13338,3479],{"class":61},[47,13340,455],{"class":65},[47,13342,3479],{"class":61},[47,13344,3062],{"class":86},[47,13346,3474],{"class":61},[47,13348,13271],{"class":65},[47,13350,3479],{"class":61},[47,13352,309],{"class":86},[47,13354,3474],{"class":61},[47,13356,2014],{"class":65},[47,13358,3479],{"class":61},[47,13360,3062],{"class":86},[47,13362,3474],{"class":61},[47,13364,13288],{"class":65},[47,13366,3479],{"class":61},[47,13368,9483],{"class":86},[149,13370,11651],{"id":11650},[20,13372,13373],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,13375,13377],{"className":40,"code":13376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13378,13379,13417,13433,13437,13459,13463,13482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13380,13381,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13382,13383],{"class":53},"person ",[47,13385,58],{"class":57},[47,13387,10665],{"class":86},[47,13389,102],{"class":61},[47,13391,214],{"class":65},[47,13393,102],{"class":61},[47,13395,3062],{"class":86},[47,13397,62],{"class":61},[47,13399,13400],{"class":65},"Liam",[47,13402,102],{"class":61},[47,13404,309],{"class":86},[47,13406,62],{"class":61},[47,13408,9473],{"class":65},[47,13410,102],{"class":61},[47,13412,3062],{"class":86},[47,13414,9480],{"class":445},[47,13416,9483],{"class":86},[47,13418,13419,13422,13424,13427,13429,13431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13420,13421],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13423,58],{"class":57},[47,13425,13426],{"class":53}," person",[47,13428,94],{"class":86},[47,13430,13089],{"class":90},[47,13432,8817],{"class":86},[47,13434,13435],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,13436,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13438,13439,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13453,13456],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,13440,13441],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13443,4080],{"class":86},[47,13445,102],{"class":61},[47,13447,9473],{"class":65},[47,13449,102],{"class":61},[47,13451,13452],{"class":86},"]",[47,13454,13455],{"class":57}," =",[47,13457,13458],{"class":445}," 26\n",[47,13460,13461],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,13462,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13464,13465,13467,13469,13471,13474,13476,13478,13480],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,13466,83],{"class":82},[47,13468,87],{"class":86},[47,13470,102],{"class":61},[47,13472,13473],{"class":65},"Original:",[47,13475,102],{"class":61},[47,13477,309],{"class":86},[47,13479,13426],{"class":90},[47,13481,286],{"class":86},[47,13483,13484,13486,13488,13490,13493,13495,13497,13500],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,13485,83],{"class":82},[47,13487,87],{"class":86},[47,13489,102],{"class":61},[47,13491,13492],{"class":65},"Copy:",[47,13494,102],{"class":61},[47,13496,309],{"class":86},[47,13498,13499],{"class":90}," person_copy",[47,13501,286],{"class":86},[20,13503,13504],{},[3922,13505,814],{},[38,13507,13509],{"className":40,"code":13508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13510,13511,13548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13512,13513,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13514,13515],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13517,3062],{"class":86},[47,13519,10665],{"class":86},[47,13521,3479],{"class":61},[47,13523,214],{"class":65},[47,13525,3479],{"class":61},[47,13527,3062],{"class":86},[47,13529,3474],{"class":61},[47,13531,13400],{"class":65},[47,13533,3479],{"class":61},[47,13535,309],{"class":86},[47,13537,3474],{"class":61},[47,13539,9473],{"class":65},[47,13541,3479],{"class":61},[47,13543,3062],{"class":86},[47,13545,9480],{"class":445},[47,13547,9483],{"class":86},[47,13549,13550,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13584],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13551,13552],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13554,3062],{"class":86},[47,13556,10665],{"class":86},[47,13558,3479],{"class":61},[47,13560,214],{"class":65},[47,13562,3479],{"class":61},[47,13564,3062],{"class":86},[47,13566,3474],{"class":61},[47,13568,13400],{"class":65},[47,13570,3479],{"class":61},[47,13572,309],{"class":86},[47,13574,3474],{"class":61},[47,13576,9473],{"class":65},[47,13578,3479],{"class":61},[47,13580,3062],{"class":86},[47,13582,13583],{"class":445}," 26",[47,13585,9483],{"class":86},[20,13587,13588],{},"What happened here:",[162,13590,13591,13597,13604],{},[165,13592,13593,13596],{},[15,13594,13595],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[165,13598,13599,13600,13603],{},"Changing ",[15,13601,13602],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[165,13605,13606],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13608,13609],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[149,13611,13613],{"id":13612},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13615,13616,13025,13618,94],{},[15,13617,12954],{},[3922,13619,13028],{},[20,13621,2284],{},[162,13623,13624,13627,13630],{},[165,13625,13626],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[165,13628,13629],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[165,13631,13632],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13634,183],{},[38,13636,13638],{"className":40,"code":13637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13639,13640,13648,13666,13689,13693,13697,13711,13715,13740,13744,13762,13781,13796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13641,13642,13644,13646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13643,13041],{"class":53},[47,13645,58],{"class":57},[47,13647,11669],{"class":86},[47,13649,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13651,11674],{"class":61},[47,13653,214],{"class":65},[47,13655,102],{"class":61},[47,13657,3062],{"class":86},[47,13659,62],{"class":61},[47,13661,13058],{"class":65},[47,13663,102],{"class":61},[47,13665,11690],{"class":86},[47,13667,13668,13670,13673,13675,13677,13679,13682,13684,13687],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,13669,11674],{"class":61},[47,13671,13672],{"class":65},"grades",[47,13674,102],{"class":61},[47,13676,3062],{"class":86},[47,13678,3803],{"class":86},[47,13680,13681],{"class":445},"90",[47,13683,309],{"class":86},[47,13685,13686],{"class":445}," 85",[47,13688,3816],{"class":86},[47,13690,13691],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,13692,9483],{"class":86},[47,13694,13695],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,13696,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13698,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,13700,13079],{"class":53},[47,13702,58],{"class":57},[47,13704,13084],{"class":53},[47,13706,94],{"class":86},[47,13708,13089],{"class":90},[47,13710,8817],{"class":86},[47,13712,13713],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,13714,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13716,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13730,13733,13735,13738],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,13718,13104],{"class":53},[47,13720,4080],{"class":86},[47,13722,102],{"class":61},[47,13724,13672],{"class":65},[47,13726,102],{"class":61},[47,13728,13729],{"class":86},"].",[47,13731,13732],{"class":90},"append",[47,13734,87],{"class":86},[47,13736,13737],{"class":445},"100",[47,13739,286],{"class":86},[47,13741,13742],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,13743,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,13745,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,13747,83],{"class":82},[47,13749,87],{"class":86},[47,13751,102],{"class":61},[47,13753,13473],{"class":65},[47,13755,102],{"class":61},[47,13757,309],{"class":86},[47,13759,13084],{"class":90},[47,13761,286],{"class":86},[47,13763,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13779],{"class":49,"line":11771},[47,13765,83],{"class":82},[47,13767,87],{"class":86},[47,13769,102],{"class":61},[47,13771,13492],{"class":65},[47,13773,102],{"class":61},[47,13775,309],{"class":86},[47,13777,13778],{"class":90}," student_copy",[47,13780,286],{"class":86},[47,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794],{"class":49,"line":13783},12,[47,13785,83],{"class":82},[47,13787,87],{"class":86},[47,13789,13041],{"class":90},[47,13791,12371],{"class":752},[47,13793,13778],{"class":90},[47,13795,286],{"class":86},[47,13797,13799,13801,13803,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828],{"class":49,"line":13798},13,[47,13800,83],{"class":82},[47,13802,87],{"class":86},[47,13804,13805],{"class":90},"student",[47,13807,4080],{"class":86},[47,13809,102],{"class":61},[47,13811,13672],{"class":65},[47,13813,102],{"class":61},[47,13815,13452],{"class":86},[47,13817,8272],{"class":752},[47,13819,13778],{"class":90},[47,13821,4080],{"class":86},[47,13823,102],{"class":61},[47,13825,13672],{"class":65},[47,13827,102],{"class":61},[47,13829,4068],{"class":86},[20,13831,13832],{},[3922,13833,814],{},[38,13835,13837],{"className":40,"code":13836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13838,13839,13886,13932,13936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13840,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13842,13515],{"class":53},[47,13844,3062],{"class":86},[47,13846,10665],{"class":86},[47,13848,3479],{"class":61},[47,13850,214],{"class":65},[47,13852,3479],{"class":61},[47,13854,3062],{"class":86},[47,13856,3474],{"class":61},[47,13858,13058],{"class":65},[47,13860,3479],{"class":61},[47,13862,309],{"class":86},[47,13864,3474],{"class":61},[47,13866,13672],{"class":65},[47,13868,3479],{"class":61},[47,13870,3062],{"class":86},[47,13872,3803],{"class":86},[47,13874,13681],{"class":445},[47,13876,309],{"class":86},[47,13878,13686],{"class":445},[47,13880,309],{"class":86},[47,13882,10292],{"class":445},[47,13884,13885],{"class":86},"]}\n",[47,13887,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13889,13552],{"class":53},[47,13891,3062],{"class":86},[47,13893,10665],{"class":86},[47,13895,3479],{"class":61},[47,13897,214],{"class":65},[47,13899,3479],{"class":61},[47,13901,3062],{"class":86},[47,13903,3474],{"class":61},[47,13905,13058],{"class":65},[47,13907,3479],{"class":61},[47,13909,309],{"class":86},[47,13911,3474],{"class":61},[47,13913,13672],{"class":65},[47,13915,3479],{"class":61},[47,13917,3062],{"class":86},[47,13919,3803],{"class":86},[47,13921,13681],{"class":445},[47,13923,309],{"class":86},[47,13925,13686],{"class":445},[47,13927,309],{"class":86},[47,13929,10292],{"class":445},[47,13931,13885],{"class":86},[47,13933,13934],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,13935,4221],{"class":4032},[47,13937,13938],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,13939,4160],{"class":4032},[20,13941,13942],{},"Notice the difference:",[162,13944,13945,13953],{},[165,13946,13947,4964,13950,13952],{},[15,13948,13949],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13951,35],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[165,13954,13955,4964,13958,13960],{},[15,13956,13957],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13959,31],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13962,13963],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13965,13966,13967,94],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[455,13968,13970],{"href":13969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[149,13972,1321,13974],{"id":13973},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13975,12954],{},[20,13977,144,13978,10776],{},[15,13979,12954],{},[162,13981,13982,13985,13988,13991],{},[165,13983,13984],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[165,13986,13987],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[165,13989,13990],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[165,13992,13993],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13995,183],{},[38,13997,13999],{"className":40,"code":13998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14000,14001,14040,14056,14060,14080,14084,14103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14002,14003,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14031,14033,14035,14038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14004,14005],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,14007,58],{"class":57},[47,14009,10665],{"class":86},[47,14011,102],{"class":61},[47,14013,12672],{"class":65},[47,14015,102],{"class":61},[47,14017,3062],{"class":86},[47,14019,62],{"class":61},[47,14021,12681],{"class":65},[47,14023,102],{"class":61},[47,14025,309],{"class":86},[47,14027,62],{"class":61},[47,14029,14030],{"class":65},"font_size",[47,14032,102],{"class":61},[47,14034,3062],{"class":86},[47,14036,14037],{"class":445}," 14",[47,14039,9483],{"class":86},[47,14041,14042,14045,14047,14050,14052,14054],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14043,14044],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,14046,58],{"class":57},[47,14048,14049],{"class":53}," settings",[47,14051,94],{"class":86},[47,14053,13089],{"class":90},[47,14055,8817],{"class":86},[47,14057,14058],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14059,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14061,14062,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,14063,14064],{"class":53},"settings",[47,14066,4080],{"class":86},[47,14068,102],{"class":61},[47,14070,14030],{"class":65},[47,14072,102],{"class":61},[47,14074,13452],{"class":86},[47,14076,13455],{"class":57},[47,14078,14079],{"class":445}," 16\n",[47,14081,14082],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,14083,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14085,14086,14088,14090,14092,14095,14097,14099,14101],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,14087,83],{"class":82},[47,14089,87],{"class":86},[47,14091,102],{"class":61},[47,14093,14094],{"class":65},"Current:",[47,14096,102],{"class":61},[47,14098,309],{"class":86},[47,14100,14049],{"class":90},[47,14102,286],{"class":86},[47,14104,14105,14107,14109,14111,14114,14116,14118,14121],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,14106,83],{"class":82},[47,14108,87],{"class":86},[47,14110,102],{"class":61},[47,14112,14113],{"class":65},"Backup:",[47,14115,102],{"class":61},[47,14117,309],{"class":86},[47,14119,14120],{"class":90}," settings_backup",[47,14122,286],{"class":86},[20,14124,14125],{},[3922,14126,814],{},[38,14128,14130],{"className":40,"code":14129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14131,14132,14170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14133,14134,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14135,14136],{"class":53},"Current",[47,14138,3062],{"class":86},[47,14140,10665],{"class":86},[47,14142,3479],{"class":61},[47,14144,12672],{"class":65},[47,14146,3479],{"class":61},[47,14148,3062],{"class":86},[47,14150,3474],{"class":61},[47,14152,12681],{"class":65},[47,14154,3479],{"class":61},[47,14156,309],{"class":86},[47,14158,3474],{"class":61},[47,14160,14030],{"class":65},[47,14162,3479],{"class":61},[47,14164,3062],{"class":86},[47,14166,14167],{"class":445}," 16",[47,14169,9483],{"class":86},[47,14171,14172,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14173,14174],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,14176,3062],{"class":86},[47,14178,10665],{"class":86},[47,14180,3479],{"class":61},[47,14182,12672],{"class":65},[47,14184,3479],{"class":61},[47,14186,3062],{"class":86},[47,14188,3474],{"class":61},[47,14190,12681],{"class":65},[47,14192,3479],{"class":61},[47,14194,309],{"class":86},[47,14196,3474],{"class":61},[47,14198,14030],{"class":65},[47,14200,3479],{"class":61},[47,14202,3062],{"class":86},[47,14204,14037],{"class":445},[47,14206,9483],{"class":86},[20,14208,14209,14210,32,14216,94],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[455,14211,14213],{"href":14212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14214,14215],{},"dict.update()",[455,14217,14218],{"href":13001},[15,14219,11502],{},[149,14221,14223,14225],{"id":14222},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14224,12954],{}," vs assignment",[20,14227,14228],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14230,831,14231,14233,14234,14236],{},[15,14232,58],{}," does ",[3922,14235,4813],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[469,14238,14240],{"id":14239},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,14242,14244],{"className":40,"code":14243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14245,14246,14278,14287,14291,14311,14315,14333,14353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14247,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14249,12263],{"class":53},[47,14251,58],{"class":57},[47,14253,10665],{"class":86},[47,14255,102],{"class":61},[47,14257,2350],{"class":65},[47,14259,102],{"class":61},[47,14261,3062],{"class":86},[47,14263,5677],{"class":445},[47,14265,309],{"class":86},[47,14267,62],{"class":61},[47,14269,11922],{"class":65},[47,14271,102],{"class":61},[47,14273,3062],{"class":86},[47,14275,1769],{"class":445},[47,14277,9483],{"class":86},[47,14279,14280,14283,14285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14281,14282],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,14284,58],{"class":57},[47,14286,12301],{"class":53},[47,14288,14289],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14290,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14292,14293,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,14294,14295],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,14297,4080],{"class":86},[47,14299,102],{"class":61},[47,14301,2350],{"class":65},[47,14303,102],{"class":61},[47,14305,13452],{"class":86},[47,14307,13455],{"class":57},[47,14309,14310],{"class":445}," 99\n",[47,14312,14313],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,14314,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14316,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,14318,83],{"class":82},[47,14320,87],{"class":86},[47,14322,102],{"class":61},[47,14324,13473],{"class":65},[47,14326,102],{"class":61},[47,14328,309],{"class":86},[47,14330,12338],{"class":90},[47,14332,286],{"class":86},[47,14334,14335,14337,14339,14341,14344,14346,14348,14351],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,14336,83],{"class":82},[47,14338,87],{"class":86},[47,14340,102],{"class":61},[47,14342,14343],{"class":65},"Assigned:",[47,14345,102],{"class":61},[47,14347,309],{"class":86},[47,14349,14350],{"class":90}," assigned",[47,14352,286],{"class":86},[47,14354,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,14356,83],{"class":82},[47,14358,87],{"class":86},[47,14360,12263],{"class":90},[47,14362,12371],{"class":752},[47,14364,14350],{"class":90},[47,14366,286],{"class":86},[20,14368,14369],{},[3922,14370,814],{},[38,14372,14374],{"className":40,"code":14373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14375,14376,14408,14441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14377,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14379,13515],{"class":53},[47,14381,3062],{"class":86},[47,14383,10665],{"class":86},[47,14385,3479],{"class":61},[47,14387,2350],{"class":65},[47,14389,3479],{"class":61},[47,14391,3062],{"class":86},[47,14393,10371],{"class":445},[47,14395,309],{"class":86},[47,14397,3474],{"class":61},[47,14399,11922],{"class":65},[47,14401,3479],{"class":61},[47,14403,3062],{"class":86},[47,14405,1769],{"class":445},[47,14407,9483],{"class":86},[47,14409,14410,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14411,14412],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14414,3062],{"class":86},[47,14416,10665],{"class":86},[47,14418,3479],{"class":61},[47,14420,2350],{"class":65},[47,14422,3479],{"class":61},[47,14424,3062],{"class":86},[47,14426,10371],{"class":445},[47,14428,309],{"class":86},[47,14430,3474],{"class":61},[47,14432,11922],{"class":65},[47,14434,3479],{"class":61},[47,14436,3062],{"class":86},[47,14438,1769],{"class":445},[47,14440,9483],{"class":86},[47,14442,14443],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14444,4160],{"class":4032},[469,14446,831,14448],{"id":14447},"using-copy",[15,14449,12954],{},[38,14451,14453],{"className":40,"code":14452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14454,14455,14487,14502,14506,14525,14529,14547,14567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14456,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14458,12263],{"class":53},[47,14460,58],{"class":57},[47,14462,10665],{"class":86},[47,14464,102],{"class":61},[47,14466,2350],{"class":65},[47,14468,102],{"class":61},[47,14470,3062],{"class":86},[47,14472,5677],{"class":445},[47,14474,309],{"class":86},[47,14476,62],{"class":61},[47,14478,11922],{"class":65},[47,14480,102],{"class":61},[47,14482,3062],{"class":86},[47,14484,1769],{"class":445},[47,14486,9483],{"class":86},[47,14488,14489,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14490,14491],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14493,58],{"class":57},[47,14495,12338],{"class":53},[47,14497,94],{"class":86},[47,14499,13089],{"class":90},[47,14501,8817],{"class":86},[47,14503,14504],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14505,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14507,14508,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,14509,14510],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14512,4080],{"class":86},[47,14514,102],{"class":61},[47,14516,2350],{"class":65},[47,14518,102],{"class":61},[47,14520,13452],{"class":86},[47,14522,13455],{"class":57},[47,14524,14310],{"class":445},[47,14526,14527],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,14528,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14530,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,14532,83],{"class":82},[47,14534,87],{"class":86},[47,14536,102],{"class":61},[47,14538,13473],{"class":65},[47,14540,102],{"class":61},[47,14542,309],{"class":86},[47,14544,12338],{"class":90},[47,14546,286],{"class":86},[47,14548,14549,14551,14553,14555,14558,14560,14562,14565],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,14550,83],{"class":82},[47,14552,87],{"class":86},[47,14554,102],{"class":61},[47,14556,14557],{"class":65},"Copied:",[47,14559,102],{"class":61},[47,14561,309],{"class":86},[47,14563,14564],{"class":90}," copied",[47,14566,286],{"class":86},[47,14568,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,14570,83],{"class":82},[47,14572,87],{"class":86},[47,14574,12263],{"class":90},[47,14576,12371],{"class":752},[47,14578,14564],{"class":90},[47,14580,286],{"class":86},[20,14582,14583],{},[3922,14584,814],{},[38,14586,14588],{"className":40,"code":14587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14589,14590,14622,14655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14591,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14593,13515],{"class":53},[47,14595,3062],{"class":86},[47,14597,10665],{"class":86},[47,14599,3479],{"class":61},[47,14601,2350],{"class":65},[47,14603,3479],{"class":61},[47,14605,3062],{"class":86},[47,14607,5677],{"class":445},[47,14609,309],{"class":86},[47,14611,3474],{"class":61},[47,14613,11922],{"class":65},[47,14615,3479],{"class":61},[47,14617,3062],{"class":86},[47,14619,1769],{"class":445},[47,14621,9483],{"class":86},[47,14623,14624,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14625,14626],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,14628,3062],{"class":86},[47,14630,10665],{"class":86},[47,14632,3479],{"class":61},[47,14634,2350],{"class":65},[47,14636,3479],{"class":61},[47,14638,3062],{"class":86},[47,14640,10371],{"class":445},[47,14642,309],{"class":86},[47,14644,3474],{"class":61},[47,14646,11922],{"class":65},[47,14648,3479],{"class":61},[47,14650,3062],{"class":86},[47,14652,1769],{"class":445},[47,14654,9483],{"class":86},[47,14656,14657],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14658,4221],{"class":4032},[20,14660,14661],{},"Summary:",[162,14663,14664,14670],{},[165,14665,14666,14669],{},[15,14667,14668],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[165,14671,14672,14675],{},[15,14673,14674],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[149,14677,14679],{"id":14678},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14681,14682,3062],{},[15,14683,12954],{},[162,14685,14686,14689,14692,14695],{},[165,14687,14688],{},"Returns a dictionary",[165,14690,14691],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[165,14693,14694],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[165,14696,14697],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14699,183],{},[38,14701,14703],{"className":40,"code":14702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14704,14705,14737,14753,14757,14775,14795,14799,14817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14706,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14708,9340],{"class":53},[47,14710,58],{"class":57},[47,14712,10665],{"class":86},[47,14714,102],{"class":61},[47,14716,455],{"class":65},[47,14718,102],{"class":61},[47,14720,3062],{"class":86},[47,14722,5677],{"class":445},[47,14724,309],{"class":86},[47,14726,62],{"class":61},[47,14728,2014],{"class":65},[47,14730,102],{"class":61},[47,14732,3062],{"class":86},[47,14734,1769],{"class":445},[47,14736,9483],{"class":86},[47,14738,14739,14742,14744,14747,14749,14751],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14740,14741],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,14743,58],{"class":57},[47,14745,14746],{"class":53}," data",[47,14748,94],{"class":86},[47,14750,13089],{"class":90},[47,14752,8817],{"class":86},[47,14754,14755],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14756,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14758,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,14760,9379],{"class":53},[47,14762,4080],{"class":86},[47,14764,102],{"class":61},[47,14766,455],{"class":65},[47,14768,102],{"class":61},[47,14770,13452],{"class":86},[47,14772,13455],{"class":57},[47,14774,2765],{"class":445},[47,14776,14777,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,14778,14779],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14781,4080],{"class":86},[47,14783,102],{"class":61},[47,14785,2014],{"class":65},[47,14787,102],{"class":61},[47,14789,13452],{"class":86},[47,14791,13455],{"class":57},[47,14793,14794],{"class":445}," 20\n",[47,14796,14797],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,14798,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,14800,14801,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,14802,83],{"class":82},[47,14804,87],{"class":86},[47,14806,102],{"class":61},[47,14808,13473],{"class":65},[47,14810,102],{"class":61},[47,14812,309],{"class":86},[47,14814,14746],{"class":90},[47,14816,286],{"class":86},[47,14818,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14834],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,14820,83],{"class":82},[47,14822,87],{"class":86},[47,14824,102],{"class":61},[47,14826,13492],{"class":65},[47,14828,102],{"class":61},[47,14830,309],{"class":86},[47,14832,14833],{"class":90}," data_copy",[47,14835,286],{"class":86},[20,14837,14838],{},[3922,14839,814],{},[38,14841,14843],{"className":40,"code":14842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14844,14845,14877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14846,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14848,13515],{"class":53},[47,14850,3062],{"class":86},[47,14852,10665],{"class":86},[47,14854,3479],{"class":61},[47,14856,455],{"class":65},[47,14858,3479],{"class":61},[47,14860,3062],{"class":86},[47,14862,6184],{"class":445},[47,14864,309],{"class":86},[47,14866,3474],{"class":61},[47,14868,2014],{"class":65},[47,14870,3479],{"class":61},[47,14872,3062],{"class":86},[47,14874,1769],{"class":445},[47,14876,9483],{"class":86},[47,14878,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14880,13552],{"class":53},[47,14882,3062],{"class":86},[47,14884,10665],{"class":86},[47,14886,3479],{"class":61},[47,14888,455],{"class":65},[47,14890,3479],{"class":61},[47,14892,3062],{"class":86},[47,14894,5677],{"class":445},[47,14896,309],{"class":86},[47,14898,3474],{"class":61},[47,14900,2014],{"class":65},[47,14902,3479],{"class":61},[47,14904,3062],{"class":86},[47,14906,7966],{"class":445},[47,14908,9483],{"class":86},[149,14910,1425],{"id":1424},[20,14912,14913,14914,3062],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14915,12612],{},[162,14917,14918,14925,14930,14935],{},[165,14919,831,14920,11267,14922,14924],{},[15,14921,58],{},[15,14923,12954],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[165,14926,4761,14927,14929],{},[15,14928,12954],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[165,14931,14932,14933],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14934,12954],{},[165,14936,14937],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14939,14940],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,14942,14944],{"className":40,"code":14943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14945,14946,14956,14966,14980,15003,15026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14947,14948,14950,14952,14954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14949,83],{"class":82},[47,14951,87],{"class":86},[47,14953,12310],{"class":90},[47,14955,286],{"class":86},[47,14957,14958,14960,14962,14964],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14959,83],{"class":82},[47,14961,87],{"class":86},[47,14963,14510],{"class":90},[47,14965,286],{"class":86},[47,14967,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,14969,83],{"class":82},[47,14971,87],{"class":86},[47,14973,12263],{"class":90},[47,14975,12371],{"class":752},[47,14977,14564],{"class":90},[47,14979,286],{"class":86},[47,14981,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14997,14999,15001],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,14983,83],{"class":82},[47,14985,87],{"class":86},[47,14987,12827],{"class":82},[47,14989,87],{"class":86},[47,14991,12310],{"class":90},[47,14993,9408],{"class":86},[47,14995,14996],{"class":82}," id",[47,14998,87],{"class":86},[47,15000,14510],{"class":90},[47,15002,1879],{"class":86},[47,15004,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15022,15024],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,15006,83],{"class":82},[47,15008,87],{"class":86},[47,15010,12827],{"class":82},[47,15012,87],{"class":86},[47,15014,12310],{"class":90},[47,15016,4080],{"class":86},[47,15018,102],{"class":61},[47,15020,15021],{"class":65},"key",[47,15023,102],{"class":61},[47,15025,3176],{"class":86},[47,15027,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,15029,83],{"class":82},[47,15031,87],{"class":86},[47,15033,12827],{"class":82},[47,15035,87],{"class":86},[47,15037,14510],{"class":90},[47,15039,4080],{"class":86},[47,15041,102],{"class":61},[47,15043,15021],{"class":65},[47,15045,102],{"class":61},[47,15047,3176],{"class":86},[20,15049,15050],{},"What these help you check:",[162,15052,15053,15056,15059],{},[165,15054,15055],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[165,15057,15058],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[165,15060,15061],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15063,15064,15065,94],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[455,15066,15068],{"href":15067},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[149,15070,1962],{"id":1961},[469,15072,1966,15074,15076],{"id":15073},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15075,12612],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15078,15079],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[469,15081,2022,15083,15085],{"id":15082},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15084,12612],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15087,15088],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[469,15090,2032,15092,837,15094,2037],{"id":15091},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15093,12954],{},[15,15095,58],{},[20,15097,15098,15100,15101,15103],{},[15,15099,12954],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15102,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[469,15105,15107],{"id":15106},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15109,15110],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[149,15112,2062],{"id":2061},[162,15114,15115,15119,15123,15127,15134,15140],{},[165,15116,15117],{},[455,15118,11418],{"href":13204},[165,15120,15121],{},[455,15122,9330],{"href":13201},[165,15124,15125],{},[455,15126,13970],{"href":13969},[165,15128,15129],{},[455,15130,10912,15131,1168],{"href":14212},[15,15132,15133],{},"update()",[165,15135,15136],{},[455,15137,10912,15138,1168],{"href":13001},[15,15139,11497],{},[165,15141,15142],{},[455,15143,15144],{"href":15067},"How to copy a list in Python",[2093,15146,15147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":15149},[15150,15151,15153,15154,15155,15156,15158,15164,15165,15166,15175],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":13173,"depth":72,"text":15152},"What the copy() method does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":13612,"depth":72,"text":13613},{"id":13973,"depth":72,"text":15157},"When to use copy()",{"id":14222,"depth":72,"text":15159,"children":15160},"copy() vs assignment",[15161,15162],{"id":14239,"depth":79,"text":14240},{"id":14447,"depth":79,"text":15163},"Using copy()",{"id":14678,"depth":72,"text":14679},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":15167},[15168,15170,15172,15174],{"id":15073,"depth":79,"text":15169},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15082,"depth":79,"text":15171},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15091,"depth":79,"text":15173},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15106,"depth":79,"text":15107},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13007,"description":15176},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15183,"title":15184,"body":15185,"description":17382,"extension":2138,"meta":17383,"navigation":75,"path":13204,"seo":17384,"stem":17385,"__hash__":17386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15186,"toc":17344},[15187,15190,15196,15205,15207,15283,15287,15336,15339,15343,15357,15360,15364,15377,15380,15413,15427,15430,15442,15446,15449,15457,15537,15541,15594,15598,15616,15618,15700,15703,15705,15708,15711,15734,15758,15762,15770,15773,15777,15786,15791,15849,15853,15886,15892,15898,15901,15956,15960,16010,16013,16019,16022,16030,16032,16077,16082,16091,16094,16097,16144,16146,16151,16154,16248,16252,16305,16308,16364,16367,16371,16374,16388,16392,16458,16462,16487,16490,16494,16572,16576,16579,16582,16602,16605,16658,16662,16665,16668,16681,16683,16772,16779,16782,16793,16795,16798,16818,16822,16824,16833,16835,16874,16878,16880,16889,16898,16900,16938,16942,16989,16993,17014,17018,17021,17133,17138,17236,17258,17260,17264,17271,17275,17281,17285,17288,17292,17295,17302,17310,17312,17338,17341],[10,15188,15184],{"id":15189},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15191,15192,15193,15195],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3922,15194,9306],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15197,15198,15199,32,15201,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[455,15200,9330],{"href":9329},[455,15202,15204],{"href":15203},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[149,15206,2179],{"id":2178},[38,15208,15210],{"className":40,"code":15209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15211,15212,15220,15238,15252,15265,15269,15273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15213,15214,15216,15218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15215,13041],{"class":53},[47,15217,58],{"class":57},[47,15219,11669],{"class":86},[47,15221,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15223,11674],{"class":61},[47,15225,214],{"class":65},[47,15227,102],{"class":61},[47,15229,3062],{"class":86},[47,15231,62],{"class":61},[47,15233,13058],{"class":65},[47,15235,102],{"class":61},[47,15237,11690],{"class":86},[47,15239,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,15241,11674],{"class":61},[47,15243,9473],{"class":65},[47,15245,102],{"class":61},[47,15247,3062],{"class":86},[47,15249,7966],{"class":445},[47,15251,11690],{"class":86},[47,15253,15254,15256,15259,15261,15263],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,15255,11674],{"class":61},[47,15257,15258],{"class":65},"is_active",[47,15260,102],{"class":61},[47,15262,3062],{"class":86},[47,15264,6601],{"class":4032},[47,15266,15267],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,15268,9483],{"class":86},[47,15270,15271],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,15272,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,15274,15275,15277,15279,15281],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,15276,83],{"class":82},[47,15278,87],{"class":86},[47,15280,13805],{"class":90},[47,15282,286],{"class":86},[20,15284,15285],{},[3922,15286,814],{},[38,15288,15290],{"className":40,"code":15289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15291,15292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15293,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15295,9452],{"class":86},[47,15297,3479],{"class":61},[47,15299,214],{"class":65},[47,15301,3479],{"class":61},[47,15303,3062],{"class":86},[47,15305,3474],{"class":61},[47,15307,13058],{"class":65},[47,15309,3479],{"class":61},[47,15311,309],{"class":86},[47,15313,3474],{"class":61},[47,15315,9473],{"class":65},[47,15317,3479],{"class":61},[47,15319,3062],{"class":86},[47,15321,7966],{"class":445},[47,15323,309],{"class":86},[47,15325,3474],{"class":61},[47,15327,15258],{"class":65},[47,15329,3479],{"class":61},[47,15331,3062],{"class":86},[47,15333,4096],{"class":4032},[47,15335,9483],{"class":86},[20,15337,15338],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[149,15340,15342],{"id":15341},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[162,15344,15345,15348,15351,15354],{},[165,15346,15347],{},"What a dictionary is",[165,15349,15350],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[165,15352,15353],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[165,15355,15356],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[149,15358,15347],{"id":15359},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15361,9303,15362,94],{},[3922,15363,9306],{},[162,15365,15366,15372],{},[165,15367,15368,15369,15371],{},"A ",[3922,15370,15021],{}," is the label",[165,15373,15368,15374,15376],{},[3922,15375,1587],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15378,15379],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,15381,15383],{"className":40,"code":15382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15384,15385,15393,15409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15386,15387,15389,15391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15388,13041],{"class":53},[47,15390,58],{"class":57},[47,15392,11669],{"class":86},[47,15394,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15396,11674],{"class":61},[47,15398,214],{"class":65},[47,15400,102],{"class":61},[47,15402,3062],{"class":86},[47,15404,62],{"class":61},[47,15406,13058],{"class":65},[47,15408,69],{"class":61},[47,15410,15411],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,15412,9483],{"class":86},[162,15414,15415,15421],{},[165,15416,15417,15420],{},[15,15418,15419],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[165,15422,15423,15426],{},[15,15424,15425],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15428,15429],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[162,15431,15432,15434,15436,15439],{},[165,15433,214],{},[165,15435,9473],{},[165,15437,15438],{},"email",[165,15440,15441],{},"country",[149,15443,15445],{"id":15444},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15447,15448],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15450,144,15451,15453,15454,94],{},[15,15452,3972],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15455,15456],{},"key: value",[38,15458,15460],{"className":40,"code":15459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15461,15462,15470,15488,15502,15519,15523,15527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15463,15464,15466,15468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15465,13041],{"class":53},[47,15467,58],{"class":57},[47,15469,11669],{"class":86},[47,15471,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15473,11674],{"class":61},[47,15475,214],{"class":65},[47,15477,102],{"class":61},[47,15479,3062],{"class":86},[47,15481,62],{"class":61},[47,15483,13058],{"class":65},[47,15485,102],{"class":61},[47,15487,11690],{"class":86},[47,15489,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,15491,11674],{"class":61},[47,15493,9473],{"class":65},[47,15495,102],{"class":61},[47,15497,3062],{"class":86},[47,15499,7966],{"class":445},[47,15501,11690],{"class":86},[47,15503,15504,15506,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,15505,11674],{"class":61},[47,15507,15508],{"class":65},"course",[47,15510,102],{"class":61},[47,15512,3062],{"class":86},[47,15514,62],{"class":61},[47,15516,105],{"class":65},[47,15518,69],{"class":61},[47,15520,15521],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,15522,9483],{"class":86},[47,15524,15525],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,15526,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,15528,15529,15531,15533,15535],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,15530,83],{"class":82},[47,15532,87],{"class":86},[47,15534,13805],{"class":90},[47,15536,286],{"class":86},[20,15538,15539],{},[3922,15540,814],{},[38,15542,15544],{"className":40,"code":15543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15545,15546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15547,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15549,9452],{"class":86},[47,15551,3479],{"class":61},[47,15553,214],{"class":65},[47,15555,3479],{"class":61},[47,15557,3062],{"class":86},[47,15559,3474],{"class":61},[47,15561,13058],{"class":65},[47,15563,3479],{"class":61},[47,15565,309],{"class":86},[47,15567,3474],{"class":61},[47,15569,9473],{"class":65},[47,15571,3479],{"class":61},[47,15573,3062],{"class":86},[47,15575,7966],{"class":445},[47,15577,309],{"class":86},[47,15579,3474],{"class":61},[47,15581,15508],{"class":65},[47,15583,3479],{"class":61},[47,15585,3062],{"class":86},[47,15587,3474],{"class":61},[47,15589,105],{"class":65},[47,15591,3479],{"class":61},[47,15593,9483],{"class":86},[469,15595,15597],{"id":15596},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[162,15599,15600,15605,15610,15613],{},[165,15601,144,15602,15604],{},[15,15603,3972],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[165,15606,15607,15608],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15609,15456],{},[165,15611,15612],{},"Separate items with commas",[165,15614,15615],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15617,183],{},[38,15619,15621],{"className":40,"code":15620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15622,15623,15632,15652,15668,15681,15685,15689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15624,15625,15628,15630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15626,15627],{"class":53},"book ",[47,15629,58],{"class":57},[47,15631,11669],{"class":86},[47,15633,15634,15636,15639,15641,15643,15645,15648,15650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15635,11674],{"class":61},[47,15637,15638],{"class":65},"title",[47,15640,102],{"class":61},[47,15642,3062],{"class":86},[47,15644,62],{"class":61},[47,15646,15647],{"class":65},"Python Basics",[47,15649,102],{"class":61},[47,15651,11690],{"class":86},[47,15653,15654,15656,15659,15661,15663,15666],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,15655,11674],{"class":61},[47,15657,15658],{"class":65},"pages",[47,15660,102],{"class":61},[47,15662,3062],{"class":86},[47,15664,15665],{"class":445}," 150",[47,15667,11690],{"class":86},[47,15669,15670,15672,15675,15677,15679],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,15671,11674],{"class":61},[47,15673,15674],{"class":65},"available",[47,15676,102],{"class":61},[47,15678,3062],{"class":86},[47,15680,6601],{"class":4032},[47,15682,15683],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,15684,9483],{"class":86},[47,15686,15687],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,15688,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,15690,15691,15693,15695,15698],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,15692,83],{"class":82},[47,15694,87],{"class":86},[47,15696,15697],{"class":90},"book",[47,15699,286],{"class":86},[20,15701,15702],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[149,15704,9576],{"id":9575},[20,15706,15707],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15709,15710],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,15712,15714],{"className":40,"code":15713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15715,15716,15724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15717,15718,15720,15722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15719,9340],{"class":53},[47,15721,58],{"class":57},[47,15723,10012],{"class":86},[47,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15727,83],{"class":82},[47,15729,87],{"class":86},[47,15731,9379],{"class":90},[47,15733,286],{"class":86},[38,15735,15736],{"className":40,"code":9579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15737,15738,15748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15739,15740,15742,15744,15746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15741,9340],{"class":53},[47,15743,58],{"class":57},[47,15745,9345],{"class":1570},[47,15747,8817],{"class":86},[47,15749,15750,15752,15754,15756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15751,83],{"class":82},[47,15753,87],{"class":86},[47,15755,9379],{"class":90},[47,15757,286],{"class":86},[20,15759,15760],{},[3922,15761,814],{},[38,15763,15764],{"className":40,"code":9608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15765,15766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15767,15768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15769,9608],{"class":86},[20,15771,15772],{},"Both are correct.",[469,15774,15776],{"id":15775},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15778,15779,15781,15782,15785],{},[15,15780,3972],{}," creates an empty ",[3922,15783,15784],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15787,15788,15789,94],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15790,3977],{},[38,15792,15794],{"className":40,"code":15793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15795,15796,15804,15816,15820,15834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15797,15798,15800,15802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15799,11901],{"class":53},[47,15801,58],{"class":57},[47,15803,10012],{"class":86},[47,15805,15806,15809,15811,15814],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15807,15808],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15810,58],{"class":57},[47,15812,15813],{"class":1570}," set",[47,15815,8817],{"class":86},[47,15817,15818],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,15819,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,15821,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,15823,83],{"class":82},[47,15825,87],{"class":86},[47,15827,1872],{"class":1570},[47,15829,87],{"class":86},[47,15831,11625],{"class":90},[47,15833,1879],{"class":86},[47,15835,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15847],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,15837,83],{"class":82},[47,15839,87],{"class":86},[47,15841,1872],{"class":1570},[47,15843,87],{"class":86},[47,15845,15846],{"class":90},"my_set",[47,15848,1879],{"class":86},[20,15850,15851],{},[3922,15852,814],{},[38,15854,15856],{"className":40,"code":15855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15857,15858,15872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15859,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15861,3468],{"class":57},[47,15863,3471],{"class":2242},[47,15865,3474],{"class":61},[47,15867,8995],{"class":65},[47,15869,3479],{"class":61},[47,15871,3482],{"class":57},[47,15873,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15875,3468],{"class":57},[47,15877,3471],{"class":2242},[47,15879,3474],{"class":61},[47,15881,6467],{"class":65},[47,15883,3479],{"class":61},[47,15885,3482],{"class":57},[149,15887,15889,15890],{"id":15888},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15891,9294],{},[20,15893,15894,15895,15897],{},"You can also use ",[15,15896,9294],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15899,15900],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,15902,15904],{"className":40,"code":15903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15905,15906,15946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15907,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15935,15937,15940,15942,15944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15909,13041],{"class":53},[47,15911,58],{"class":57},[47,15913,9345],{"class":1570},[47,15915,87],{"class":86},[47,15917,214],{"class":9350},[47,15919,58],{"class":57},[47,15921,102],{"class":61},[47,15923,13058],{"class":65},[47,15925,102],{"class":61},[47,15927,309],{"class":86},[47,15929,9363],{"class":9350},[47,15931,58],{"class":57},[47,15933,15934],{"class":445},"20",[47,15936,309],{"class":86},[47,15938,15939],{"class":9350}," active",[47,15941,58],{"class":57},[47,15943,31],{"class":4032},[47,15945,286],{"class":86},[47,15947,15948,15950,15952,15954],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15949,83],{"class":82},[47,15951,87],{"class":86},[47,15953,13805],{"class":90},[47,15955,286],{"class":86},[20,15957,15958],{},[3922,15959,814],{},[38,15961,15963],{"className":40,"code":15962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15964,15965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15966,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16002,16004,16006,16008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15968,9452],{"class":86},[47,15970,3479],{"class":61},[47,15972,214],{"class":65},[47,15974,3479],{"class":61},[47,15976,3062],{"class":86},[47,15978,3474],{"class":61},[47,15980,13058],{"class":65},[47,15982,3479],{"class":61},[47,15984,309],{"class":86},[47,15986,3474],{"class":61},[47,15988,9473],{"class":65},[47,15990,3479],{"class":61},[47,15992,3062],{"class":86},[47,15994,7966],{"class":445},[47,15996,309],{"class":86},[47,15998,3474],{"class":61},[47,16000,16001],{"class":65},"active",[47,16003,3479],{"class":61},[47,16005,3062],{"class":86},[47,16007,4096],{"class":4032},[47,16009,9483],{"class":86},[20,16011,16012],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[469,16014,16016,16017],{"id":16015},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16018,9294],{},[20,16020,16021],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[162,16023,16024,16027],{},[165,16025,16026],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[165,16028,16029],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16031,6865],{},[38,16033,16035],{"className":40,"code":16034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16036,16037,16067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16038,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16040,11664],{"class":53},[47,16042,58],{"class":57},[47,16044,9345],{"class":1570},[47,16046,87],{"class":86},[47,16048,214],{"class":9350},[47,16050,58],{"class":57},[47,16052,102],{"class":61},[47,16054,7852],{"class":65},[47,16056,102],{"class":61},[47,16058,309],{"class":86},[47,16060,9363],{"class":9350},[47,16062,58],{"class":57},[47,16064,9368],{"class":445},[47,16066,286],{"class":86},[47,16068,16069,16071,16073,16075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16070,83],{"class":82},[47,16072,87],{"class":86},[47,16074,11758],{"class":90},[47,16076,286],{"class":86},[20,16078,4810,16079,16081],{},[3922,16080,4813],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,16083,16085],{"className":40,"code":16084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16086,16087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16088,16089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16090,16084],{"class":113},[20,16092,16093],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16095,16096],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,16098,16100],{"className":40,"code":16099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16101,16102,16110,16126,16130,16134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16103,16104,16106,16108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16105,11664],{"class":53},[47,16107,58],{"class":57},[47,16109,11669],{"class":86},[47,16111,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16113,11674],{"class":61},[47,16115,10670],{"class":65},[47,16117,102],{"class":61},[47,16119,3062],{"class":86},[47,16121,62],{"class":61},[47,16123,7852],{"class":65},[47,16125,69],{"class":61},[47,16127,16128],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16129,9483],{"class":86},[47,16131,16132],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16133,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16137,83],{"class":82},[47,16139,87],{"class":86},[47,16141,11758],{"class":90},[47,16143,286],{"class":86},[149,16145,9618],{"id":9617},[20,16147,16148,16150],{},[15,16149,9294],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16152,16153],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,16155,16157],{"className":40,"code":16156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16158,16159,16216,16220,16234,16238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16160,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16212,16214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16162,9390],{"class":53},[47,16164,58],{"class":57},[47,16166,9395],{"class":86},[47,16168,102],{"class":61},[47,16170,214],{"class":65},[47,16172,102],{"class":61},[47,16174,309],{"class":86},[47,16176,62],{"class":61},[47,16178,13058],{"class":65},[47,16180,102],{"class":61},[47,16182,9408],{"class":86},[47,16184,1067],{"class":86},[47,16186,102],{"class":61},[47,16188,9473],{"class":65},[47,16190,102],{"class":61},[47,16192,309],{"class":86},[47,16194,7966],{"class":445},[47,16196,9408],{"class":86},[47,16198,1067],{"class":86},[47,16200,102],{"class":61},[47,16202,10583],{"class":65},[47,16204,102],{"class":61},[47,16206,309],{"class":86},[47,16208,62],{"class":61},[47,16210,16211],{"class":65},"Lima",[47,16213,102],{"class":61},[47,16215,9423],{"class":86},[47,16217,16218],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16219,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16221,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16223,13041],{"class":53},[47,16225,58],{"class":57},[47,16227,9345],{"class":1570},[47,16229,87],{"class":86},[47,16231,9436],{"class":90},[47,16233,286],{"class":86},[47,16235,16236],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16237,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16239,16240,16242,16244,16246],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16241,83],{"class":82},[47,16243,87],{"class":86},[47,16245,13805],{"class":90},[47,16247,286],{"class":86},[20,16249,16250],{},[3922,16251,814],{},[38,16253,16255],{"className":40,"code":16254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16256,16257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16258,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16260,9452],{"class":86},[47,16262,3479],{"class":61},[47,16264,214],{"class":65},[47,16266,3479],{"class":61},[47,16268,3062],{"class":86},[47,16270,3474],{"class":61},[47,16272,13058],{"class":65},[47,16274,3479],{"class":61},[47,16276,309],{"class":86},[47,16278,3474],{"class":61},[47,16280,9473],{"class":65},[47,16282,3479],{"class":61},[47,16284,3062],{"class":86},[47,16286,7966],{"class":445},[47,16288,309],{"class":86},[47,16290,3474],{"class":61},[47,16292,10583],{"class":65},[47,16294,3479],{"class":61},[47,16296,3062],{"class":86},[47,16298,3474],{"class":61},[47,16300,16211],{"class":65},[47,16302,3479],{"class":61},[47,16304,9483],{"class":86},[20,16306,16307],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,16309,16311],{"className":40,"code":16310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16312,16313,16354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16314,16315,16317,16319,16321,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16316,13041],{"class":53},[47,16318,58],{"class":57},[47,16320,9345],{"class":1570},[47,16322,16323],{"class":86},"(((",[47,16325,102],{"class":61},[47,16327,214],{"class":65},[47,16329,102],{"class":61},[47,16331,309],{"class":86},[47,16333,62],{"class":61},[47,16335,13058],{"class":65},[47,16337,102],{"class":61},[47,16339,9408],{"class":86},[47,16341,1067],{"class":86},[47,16343,102],{"class":61},[47,16345,9473],{"class":65},[47,16347,102],{"class":61},[47,16349,309],{"class":86},[47,16351,7966],{"class":445},[47,16353,1958],{"class":86},[47,16355,16356,16358,16360,16362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16357,83],{"class":82},[47,16359,87],{"class":86},[47,16361,13805],{"class":90},[47,16363,286],{"class":86},[20,16365,16366],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[149,16368,16370],{"id":16369},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16372,16373],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[162,16375,16376,16379,16382,16385],{},[165,16377,16378],{},"Keys must be unique",[165,16380,16381],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[165,16383,16384],{},"Values can repeat",[165,16386,16387],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[469,16389,16391],{"id":16390},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,16393,16395],{"className":40,"code":16394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16396,16397,16405,16423,16440,16444,16448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16398,16399,16401,16403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16400,9340],{"class":53},[47,16402,58],{"class":57},[47,16404,11669],{"class":86},[47,16406,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16408,11674],{"class":61},[47,16410,214],{"class":65},[47,16412,102],{"class":61},[47,16414,3062],{"class":86},[47,16416,62],{"class":61},[47,16418,13058],{"class":65},[47,16420,102],{"class":61},[47,16422,11690],{"class":86},[47,16424,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16438],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16426,11674],{"class":61},[47,16428,214],{"class":65},[47,16430,102],{"class":61},[47,16432,3062],{"class":86},[47,16434,62],{"class":61},[47,16436,16437],{"class":65},"Maria",[47,16439,69],{"class":61},[47,16441,16442],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16443,9483],{"class":86},[47,16445,16446],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16447,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16449,16450,16452,16454,16456],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,16451,83],{"class":82},[47,16453,87],{"class":86},[47,16455,9379],{"class":90},[47,16457,286],{"class":86},[20,16459,16460],{},[3922,16461,814],{},[38,16463,16465],{"className":40,"code":16464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16466,16467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16468,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16470,9452],{"class":86},[47,16472,3479],{"class":61},[47,16474,214],{"class":65},[47,16476,3479],{"class":61},[47,16478,3062],{"class":86},[47,16480,3474],{"class":61},[47,16482,16437],{"class":65},[47,16484,3479],{"class":61},[47,16486,9483],{"class":86},[20,16488,16489],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[469,16491,16493],{"id":16492},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,16495,16497],{"className":40,"code":16496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16498,16499,16507,16523,16539,16553,16557,16561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16500,16501,16503,16505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16502,5244],{"class":53},[47,16504,58],{"class":57},[47,16506,11669],{"class":86},[47,16508,16509,16512,16514,16516,16519,16521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16510,16511],{"class":445},"    1",[47,16513,3062],{"class":86},[47,16515,62],{"class":61},[47,16517,16518],{"class":65},"low",[47,16520,102],{"class":61},[47,16522,11690],{"class":86},[47,16524,16525,16528,16530,16532,16535,16537],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16526,16527],{"class":445},"    2",[47,16529,3062],{"class":86},[47,16531,62],{"class":61},[47,16533,16534],{"class":65},"medium",[47,16536,102],{"class":61},[47,16538,11690],{"class":86},[47,16540,16541,16544,16546,16548,16551],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16542,16543],{"class":445},"    3",[47,16545,3062],{"class":86},[47,16547,62],{"class":61},[47,16549,16550],{"class":65},"high",[47,16552,69],{"class":61},[47,16554,16555],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16556,9483],{"class":86},[47,16558,16559],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,16560,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16562,16563,16565,16567,16570],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,16564,83],{"class":82},[47,16566,87],{"class":86},[47,16568,16569],{"class":90},"scores",[47,16571,286],{"class":86},[469,16573,16575],{"id":16574},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16577,16578],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16580,16581],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,16583,16585],{"className":40,"code":16584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16586,16587,16592,16597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16588,16589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16590,16591],{"class":113},"# bad = {\n",[47,16593,16594],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16595,16596],{"class":113},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,16598,16599],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16600,16601],{"class":113},"# }\n",[20,16603,16604],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,16606,16608],{"className":40,"code":16607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16609,16610,16619,16639,16643,16647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16611,16612,16615,16617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16613,16614],{"class":53},"good ",[47,16616,58],{"class":57},[47,16618,11669],{"class":86},[47,16620,16621,16624,16626,16628,16630,16633,16635,16637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16622,16623],{"class":86},"    (",[47,16625,1598],{"class":445},[47,16627,309],{"class":86},[47,16629,1769],{"class":445},[47,16631,16632],{"class":86},"):",[47,16634,62],{"class":61},[47,16636,3830],{"class":65},[47,16638,69],{"class":61},[47,16640,16641],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16642,9483],{"class":86},[47,16644,16645],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16646,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16648,16649,16651,16653,16656],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16650,83],{"class":82},[47,16652,87],{"class":86},[47,16654,16655],{"class":90},"good",[47,16657,286],{"class":86},[149,16659,16661],{"id":16660},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16663,16664],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16666,16667],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[162,16669,16670,16673,16675,16678],{},[165,16671,16672],{},"user data",[165,16674,14064],{},[165,16676,16677],{},"counters",[165,16679,16680],{},"lookups",[20,16682,183],{},[38,16684,16686],{"className":40,"code":16685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16687,16688,16696,16715,16734,16746,16750,16754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16689,16690,16692,16694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16691,11664],{"class":53},[47,16693,58],{"class":57},[47,16695,11669],{"class":86},[47,16697,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16711,16713],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16699,11674],{"class":61},[47,16701,8161],{"class":65},[47,16703,102],{"class":61},[47,16705,3062],{"class":86},[47,16707,62],{"class":61},[47,16709,16710],{"class":65},"ana123",[47,16712,102],{"class":61},[47,16714,11690],{"class":86},[47,16716,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16730,16732],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,16718,11674],{"class":61},[47,16720,15438],{"class":65},[47,16722,102],{"class":61},[47,16724,3062],{"class":86},[47,16726,62],{"class":61},[47,16728,16729],{"class":65},"ana@example.com",[47,16731,102],{"class":61},[47,16733,11690],{"class":86},[47,16735,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,16737,11674],{"class":61},[47,16739,12692],{"class":65},[47,16741,102],{"class":61},[47,16743,3062],{"class":86},[47,16745,6601],{"class":4032},[47,16747,16748],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,16749,9483],{"class":86},[47,16751,16752],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,16753,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,16755,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,16757,83],{"class":82},[47,16759,87],{"class":86},[47,16761,11758],{"class":90},[47,16763,4080],{"class":86},[47,16765,102],{"class":61},[47,16767,15438],{"class":65},[47,16769,102],{"class":61},[47,16771,4068],{"class":86},[20,16773,16774,16775,94],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[455,16776,16778],{"href":16777},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16780,16781],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[162,16783,16784,16787,16790],{},[165,16785,16786],{},"labels are not needed",[165,16788,16789],{},"you mostly care about position",[165,16791,16792],{},"order matters more than named fields",[149,16794,1425],{"id":1424},[20,16796,16797],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[162,16799,16800,16803,16806,16809,16812],{},[165,16801,16802],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[165,16804,16805],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[165,16807,16808],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[165,16810,16811],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[165,16813,16814,16815,16817],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16816,3972],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[469,16819,16821],{"id":16820},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16823,1783],{},[38,16825,16827],{"className":40,"code":16826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16828,16829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16830,16831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16832,16826],{"class":113},[20,16834,1795],{},[38,16836,16838],{"className":40,"code":16837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16839,16840,16864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16841,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16843,13041],{"class":53},[47,16845,58],{"class":57},[47,16847,10665],{"class":86},[47,16849,102],{"class":61},[47,16851,214],{"class":65},[47,16853,102],{"class":61},[47,16855,3062],{"class":86},[47,16857,62],{"class":61},[47,16859,13058],{"class":65},[47,16861,102],{"class":61},[47,16863,9483],{"class":86},[47,16865,16866,16868,16870,16872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16867,83],{"class":82},[47,16869,87],{"class":86},[47,16871,13805],{"class":90},[47,16873,286],{"class":86},[469,16875,16877],{"id":16876},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16879,1783],{},[38,16881,16883],{"className":40,"code":16882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16884,16885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16886,16887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16888,16882],{"class":113},[20,16890,16891,16892,16894,16895,16897],{},"This only works if ",[15,16893,214],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16896,15419],{},", use quotes.",[20,16899,1795],{},[38,16901,16902],{"className":40,"code":16837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16903,16904,16928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16905,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16907,13041],{"class":53},[47,16909,58],{"class":57},[47,16911,10665],{"class":86},[47,16913,102],{"class":61},[47,16915,214],{"class":65},[47,16917,102],{"class":61},[47,16919,3062],{"class":86},[47,16921,62],{"class":61},[47,16923,13058],{"class":65},[47,16925,102],{"class":61},[47,16927,9483],{"class":86},[47,16929,16930,16932,16934,16936],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16931,83],{"class":82},[47,16933,87],{"class":86},[47,16935,13805],{"class":90},[47,16937,286],{"class":86},[469,16939,16941],{"id":16940},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,16943,16945],{"className":40,"code":16944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16946,16947,16979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16948,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16950,9340],{"class":53},[47,16952,58],{"class":57},[47,16954,10665],{"class":86},[47,16956,102],{"class":61},[47,16958,9473],{"class":65},[47,16960,102],{"class":61},[47,16962,3062],{"class":86},[47,16964,7966],{"class":445},[47,16966,309],{"class":86},[47,16968,62],{"class":61},[47,16970,9473],{"class":65},[47,16972,102],{"class":61},[47,16974,3062],{"class":86},[47,16976,7971],{"class":445},[47,16978,9483],{"class":86},[47,16980,16981,16983,16985,16987],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16982,83],{"class":82},[47,16984,87],{"class":86},[47,16986,9379],{"class":90},[47,16988,286],{"class":86},[20,16990,16991],{},[3922,16992,814],{},[38,16994,16996],{"className":40,"code":16995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16997,16998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16999,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17001,9452],{"class":86},[47,17003,3479],{"class":61},[47,17005,9473],{"class":65},[47,17007,3479],{"class":61},[47,17009,3062],{"class":86},[47,17011,7971],{"class":445},[47,17013,9483],{"class":86},[149,17015,17017],{"id":17016},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17019,17020],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,17022,17024],{"className":40,"code":17023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17025,17026,17062,17066,17076,17090,17105,17119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17027,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17029,11901],{"class":53},[47,17031,58],{"class":57},[47,17033,10665],{"class":86},[47,17035,102],{"class":61},[47,17037,214],{"class":65},[47,17039,102],{"class":61},[47,17041,3062],{"class":86},[47,17043,62],{"class":61},[47,17045,13058],{"class":65},[47,17047,102],{"class":61},[47,17049,309],{"class":86},[47,17051,62],{"class":61},[47,17053,9473],{"class":65},[47,17055,102],{"class":61},[47,17057,3062],{"class":86},[47,17059,7966],{"class":445},[47,17061,9483],{"class":86},[47,17063,17064],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17065,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,17067,17068,17070,17072,17074],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17069,83],{"class":82},[47,17071,87],{"class":86},[47,17073,11625],{"class":90},[47,17075,286],{"class":86},[47,17077,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17079,83],{"class":82},[47,17081,87],{"class":86},[47,17083,1872],{"class":1570},[47,17085,87],{"class":86},[47,17087,11625],{"class":90},[47,17089,1879],{"class":86},[47,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17103],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,17093,83],{"class":82},[47,17095,87],{"class":86},[47,17097,11625],{"class":90},[47,17099,94],{"class":86},[47,17101,17102],{"class":90},"keys",[47,17104,7370],{"class":86},[47,17106,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,17108,83],{"class":82},[47,17110,87],{"class":86},[47,17112,11625],{"class":90},[47,17114,94],{"class":86},[47,17116,5538],{"class":90},[47,17118,7370],{"class":86},[47,17120,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,17122,83],{"class":82},[47,17124,87],{"class":86},[47,17126,11337],{"class":82},[47,17128,87],{"class":86},[47,17130,11625],{"class":90},[47,17132,1879],{"class":86},[20,17134,17135],{},[3922,17136,17137],{},"Example output:",[38,17139,17141],{"className":40,"code":17140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17142,17143,17175,17189,17212,17231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17144,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17146,9452],{"class":86},[47,17148,3479],{"class":61},[47,17150,214],{"class":65},[47,17152,3479],{"class":61},[47,17154,3062],{"class":86},[47,17156,3474],{"class":61},[47,17158,13058],{"class":65},[47,17160,3479],{"class":61},[47,17162,309],{"class":86},[47,17164,3474],{"class":61},[47,17166,9473],{"class":65},[47,17168,3479],{"class":61},[47,17170,3062],{"class":86},[47,17172,7966],{"class":445},[47,17174,9483],{"class":86},[47,17176,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17178,3468],{"class":57},[47,17180,3471],{"class":2242},[47,17182,3474],{"class":61},[47,17184,8995],{"class":65},[47,17186,3479],{"class":61},[47,17188,3482],{"class":57},[47,17190,17191,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17192,17193],{"class":90},"dict_keys",[47,17195,3163],{"class":86},[47,17197,3479],{"class":61},[47,17199,214],{"class":65},[47,17201,3479],{"class":61},[47,17203,309],{"class":86},[47,17205,3474],{"class":61},[47,17207,9473],{"class":65},[47,17209,3479],{"class":61},[47,17211,4068],{"class":86},[47,17213,17214,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17215,17216],{"class":90},"dict_values",[47,17218,3163],{"class":86},[47,17220,3479],{"class":61},[47,17222,13058],{"class":65},[47,17224,3479],{"class":61},[47,17226,309],{"class":86},[47,17228,7966],{"class":445},[47,17230,4068],{"class":86},[47,17232,17233],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,17234,17235],{"class":445},"2\n",[20,17237,17238,17239,2366,17245,17251,17252,94],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[455,17240,10912,17242],{"href":17241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17243,17244],{},"keys()",[455,17246,10912,17248],{"href":17247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17249,17250],{},"values()",", and ",[455,17253,10912,17255],{"href":17254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17256,17257],{},"items()",[149,17259,1962],{"id":1961},[469,17261,17263],{"id":17262},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17265,144,17266,32,17268,17270],{},[15,17267,3972],{},[15,17269,9294],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[469,17272,17274],{"id":17273},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17276,17277,17278,94],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17279,17280],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[469,17282,17284],{"id":17283},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17286,17287],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[469,17289,17291],{"id":17290},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17293,17294],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[469,17296,2032,17298,837,17300,2037],{"id":17297},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17299,3972],{},[15,17301,9294],{},[20,17303,17304,17306,17307,17309],{},[15,17305,3972],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17308,9294],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[149,17311,2062],{"id":2061},[162,17313,17314,17318,17324,17328,17334],{},[165,17315,17316],{},[455,17317,9330],{"href":9329},[165,17319,17320],{},[455,17321,10912,17322,1168],{"href":10911},[15,17323,10915],{},[165,17325,17326],{},[455,17327,11427],{"href":10906},[165,17329,17330],{},[455,17331,17333],{"href":17332},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[165,17335,17336],{},[455,17337,11438],{"href":11249},[20,17339,17340],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2093,17342,17343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":17345},[17346,17347,17348,17349,17352,17355,17360,17361,17366,17367,17372,17373,17381],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":15359,"depth":72,"text":15347},{"id":15444,"depth":72,"text":15445,"children":17350},[17351],{"id":15596,"depth":79,"text":15597},{"id":9575,"depth":72,"text":9576,"children":17353},[17354],{"id":15775,"depth":79,"text":15776},{"id":15888,"depth":72,"text":17356,"children":17357},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17358],{"id":16015,"depth":79,"text":17359},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9617,"depth":72,"text":9618},{"id":16369,"depth":72,"text":16370,"children":17362},[17363,17364,17365],{"id":16390,"depth":79,"text":16391},{"id":16492,"depth":79,"text":16493},{"id":16574,"depth":79,"text":16575},{"id":16660,"depth":72,"text":16661},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":17368},[17369,17370,17371],{"id":16820,"depth":79,"text":16821},{"id":16876,"depth":79,"text":16877},{"id":16940,"depth":79,"text":16941},{"id":17016,"depth":72,"text":17017},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":17374},[17375,17376,17377,17378,17379],{"id":17262,"depth":79,"text":17263},{"id":17273,"depth":79,"text":17274},{"id":17283,"depth":79,"text":17284},{"id":17290,"depth":79,"text":17291},{"id":17297,"depth":79,"text":17380},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15184,"description":17382},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17388,"title":17389,"body":17390,"description":19839,"extension":2138,"meta":19840,"navigation":75,"path":19841,"seo":19842,"stem":19843,"__hash__":19844},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17391,"toc":19795},[17392,17398,17404,17407,17410,17412,17494,17500,17505,17509,17527,17539,17544,17548,17571,17575,17587,17595,17597,17603,17605,17608,17683,17685,17730,17732,17749,17754,17760,17765,17839,17841,17886,17889,17900,17902,18021,18023,18076,18083,18087,18090,18107,18113,18117,18215,18217,18269,18276,18280,18286,18289,18292,18319,18324,18328,18331,18435,18437,18482,18485,18488,18493,18498,18509,18511,18572,18632,18638,18646,18652,18657,18662,18722,18726,18793,18796,18800,18871,18874,18887,18894,18896,18900,18904,18975,18977,19014,19017,19020,19083,19090,19093,19135,19145,19148,19217,19223,19228,19312,19314,19363,19370,19376,19421,19423,19456,19461,19465,19471,19510,19554,19622,19665,19667,19673,19676,19680,19685,19689,19692,19696,19698,19759,19761,19787,19792],[10,17393,11494,17395,18],{"id":17394},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17396,17397],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17399,17400,17403],{},[15,17401,17402],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17405,17406],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17408,17409],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[149,17411,2179],{"id":2178},[38,17413,17415],{"className":40,"code":17414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17416,17417,17450,17478,17489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17418,17419,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17420,17421],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,17423,58],{"class":57},[47,17425,3803],{"class":86},[47,17427,102],{"class":61},[47,17429,214],{"class":65},[47,17431,102],{"class":61},[47,17433,309],{"class":86},[47,17435,62],{"class":61},[47,17437,9473],{"class":65},[47,17439,102],{"class":61},[47,17441,309],{"class":86},[47,17443,62],{"class":61},[47,17445,10583],{"class":65},[47,17447,102],{"class":61},[47,17449,3816],{"class":86},[47,17451,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17474,17476],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17453,13383],{"class":53},[47,17455,58],{"class":57},[47,17457,9345],{"class":1570},[47,17459,94],{"class":86},[47,17461,17462],{"class":90},"fromkeys",[47,17464,87],{"class":86},[47,17466,17102],{"class":90},[47,17468,309],{"class":86},[47,17470,62],{"class":61},[47,17472,17473],{"class":65},"unknown",[47,17475,102],{"class":61},[47,17477,286],{"class":86},[47,17479,17480,17482,17484,17487],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17481,83],{"class":82},[47,17483,87],{"class":86},[47,17485,17486],{"class":90},"person",[47,17488,286],{"class":86},[47,17490,17491],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17492,17493],{"class":113},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17495,144,17496,17499],{},[15,17497,17498],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[149,17501,152,17503,155],{"id":17502},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17504,17402],{},[20,17506,17507,3062],{},[15,17508,17402],{},[162,17510,17511,17514,17517,17520],{},[165,17512,17513],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[165,17515,17516],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[165,17518,17519],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[165,17521,17522,17523,17526],{},"Is called as ",[15,17524,17525],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17528,17529,17530,17532,17533,17535,17536,94],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17531,8995],{},", so you write ",[15,17534,17525],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17537,17538],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17540,17541,17542,94],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[455,17543,9330],{"href":13201},[149,17545,17547],{"id":17546},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,17549,17551],{"className":40,"code":17550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17552,17553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17554,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17556,8995],{"class":1570},[47,17558,94],{"class":86},[47,17560,17462],{"class":90},[47,17562,87],{"class":86},[47,17564,3899],{"class":90},[47,17566,309],{"class":86},[47,17568,8608],{"class":90},[47,17570,286],{"class":86},[469,17572,17574],{"id":17573},"parameters","Parameters",[162,17576,17577,17582],{},[165,17578,17579,17581],{},[15,17580,3899],{},": the keys to use",[165,17583,17584,17586],{},[15,17585,1587],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17588,17589,17590,17592,17593,94],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17591,1587],{},", each key gets ",[15,17594,3958],{},[469,17596,700],{"id":699},[20,17598,17599,17600,94],{},"It returns a ",[3922,17601,17602],{},"new dictionary",[149,17604,5966],{"id":5965},[20,17606,17607],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,17609,17611],{"className":40,"code":17610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17612,17613,17646,17668,17672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17614,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17616,17421],{"class":53},[47,17618,58],{"class":57},[47,17620,3803],{"class":86},[47,17622,102],{"class":61},[47,17624,13271],{"class":65},[47,17626,102],{"class":61},[47,17628,309],{"class":86},[47,17630,62],{"class":61},[47,17632,17633],{"class":65},"green",[47,17635,102],{"class":61},[47,17637,309],{"class":86},[47,17639,62],{"class":61},[47,17641,13288],{"class":65},[47,17643,102],{"class":61},[47,17645,3816],{"class":86},[47,17647,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17649,13254],{"class":53},[47,17651,58],{"class":57},[47,17653,9345],{"class":1570},[47,17655,94],{"class":86},[47,17657,17462],{"class":90},[47,17659,87],{"class":86},[47,17661,17102],{"class":90},[47,17663,309],{"class":86},[47,17665,4014],{"class":445},[47,17667,286],{"class":86},[47,17669,17670],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17671,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,17673,17674,17676,17678,17681],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17675,83],{"class":82},[47,17677,87],{"class":86},[47,17679,17680],{"class":90},"colors",[47,17682,286],{"class":86},[20,17684,814],{},[38,17686,17688],{"className":40,"code":17687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17689,17690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17691,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17693,9452],{"class":86},[47,17695,3479],{"class":61},[47,17697,13271],{"class":65},[47,17699,3479],{"class":61},[47,17701,3062],{"class":86},[47,17703,4014],{"class":445},[47,17705,309],{"class":86},[47,17707,3474],{"class":61},[47,17709,17633],{"class":65},[47,17711,3479],{"class":61},[47,17713,3062],{"class":86},[47,17715,4014],{"class":445},[47,17717,309],{"class":86},[47,17719,3474],{"class":61},[47,17721,13288],{"class":65},[47,17723,3479],{"class":61},[47,17725,3062],{"class":86},[47,17727,4014],{"class":445},[47,17729,9483],{"class":86},[20,17731,11860],{},[162,17733,17734,17739,17744],{},[165,17735,17736,17738],{},[15,17737,17102],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[165,17740,17741,17743],{},[15,17742,1721],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[165,17745,17746,17748],{},[15,17747,17402],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17750,17751,17752,94],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[455,17753,9565],{"href":13204},[149,17755,831,17757,17759],{"id":17756},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17758,17397],{}," without a value",[20,17761,17762,17763,94],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17764,3958],{},[38,17766,17768],{"className":40,"code":17767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17769,17770,17804,17824,17828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17771,17772,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17800,17802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17773,17774],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17776,58],{"class":57},[47,17778,3803],{"class":86},[47,17780,102],{"class":61},[47,17782,8161],{"class":65},[47,17784,102],{"class":61},[47,17786,309],{"class":86},[47,17788,62],{"class":61},[47,17790,15438],{"class":65},[47,17792,102],{"class":61},[47,17794,309],{"class":86},[47,17796,62],{"class":61},[47,17798,17799],{"class":65},"password",[47,17801,102],{"class":61},[47,17803,3816],{"class":86},[47,17805,17806,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17807,17808],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17810,58],{"class":57},[47,17812,9345],{"class":1570},[47,17814,94],{"class":86},[47,17816,17462],{"class":90},[47,17818,87],{"class":86},[47,17820,17821],{"class":90},"fields",[47,17823,286],{"class":86},[47,17825,17826],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17827,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,17829,17830,17832,17834,17837],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17831,83],{"class":82},[47,17833,87],{"class":86},[47,17835,17836],{"class":90},"user_data",[47,17838,286],{"class":86},[20,17840,814],{},[38,17842,17844],{"className":40,"code":17843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17845,17846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17847,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17849,9452],{"class":86},[47,17851,3479],{"class":61},[47,17853,8161],{"class":65},[47,17855,3479],{"class":61},[47,17857,3062],{"class":86},[47,17859,4033],{"class":4032},[47,17861,309],{"class":86},[47,17863,3474],{"class":61},[47,17865,15438],{"class":65},[47,17867,3479],{"class":61},[47,17869,3062],{"class":86},[47,17871,4033],{"class":4032},[47,17873,309],{"class":86},[47,17875,3474],{"class":61},[47,17877,17799],{"class":65},[47,17879,3479],{"class":61},[47,17881,3062],{"class":86},[47,17883,4033],{"class":4032},[47,17885,9483],{"class":86},[20,17887,17888],{},"This is useful when:",[162,17890,17891,17894,17897],{},[165,17892,17893],{},"You want to create the keys first",[165,17895,17896],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[165,17898,17899],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17901,183],{},[38,17903,17905],{"className":40,"code":17904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17906,17907,17939,17957,17961,17984,18007,18011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17908,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17910,17774],{"class":53},[47,17912,58],{"class":57},[47,17914,3803],{"class":86},[47,17916,102],{"class":61},[47,17918,8161],{"class":65},[47,17920,102],{"class":61},[47,17922,309],{"class":86},[47,17924,62],{"class":61},[47,17926,15438],{"class":65},[47,17928,102],{"class":61},[47,17930,309],{"class":86},[47,17932,62],{"class":61},[47,17934,17799],{"class":65},[47,17936,102],{"class":61},[47,17938,3816],{"class":86},[47,17940,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17942,17808],{"class":53},[47,17944,58],{"class":57},[47,17946,9345],{"class":1570},[47,17948,94],{"class":86},[47,17950,17462],{"class":90},[47,17952,87],{"class":86},[47,17954,17821],{"class":90},[47,17956,286],{"class":86},[47,17958,17959],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,17960,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,17962,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17982],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,17964,17836],{"class":53},[47,17966,4080],{"class":86},[47,17968,102],{"class":61},[47,17970,8161],{"class":65},[47,17972,102],{"class":61},[47,17974,13452],{"class":86},[47,17976,13455],{"class":57},[47,17978,62],{"class":61},[47,17980,17981],{"class":65},"alice",[47,17983,69],{"class":61},[47,17985,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18005],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,17987,17836],{"class":53},[47,17989,4080],{"class":86},[47,17991,102],{"class":61},[47,17993,15438],{"class":65},[47,17995,102],{"class":61},[47,17997,13452],{"class":86},[47,17999,13455],{"class":57},[47,18001,62],{"class":61},[47,18003,18004],{"class":65},"alice@example.com",[47,18006,69],{"class":61},[47,18008,18009],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,18010,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,18012,18013,18015,18017,18019],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,18014,83],{"class":82},[47,18016,87],{"class":86},[47,18018,17836],{"class":90},[47,18020,286],{"class":86},[20,18022,814],{},[38,18024,18026],{"className":40,"code":18025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18027,18028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18029,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18031,9452],{"class":86},[47,18033,3479],{"class":61},[47,18035,8161],{"class":65},[47,18037,3479],{"class":61},[47,18039,3062],{"class":86},[47,18041,3474],{"class":61},[47,18043,17981],{"class":65},[47,18045,3479],{"class":61},[47,18047,309],{"class":86},[47,18049,3474],{"class":61},[47,18051,15438],{"class":65},[47,18053,3479],{"class":61},[47,18055,3062],{"class":86},[47,18057,3474],{"class":61},[47,18059,18004],{"class":65},[47,18061,3479],{"class":61},[47,18063,309],{"class":86},[47,18065,3474],{"class":61},[47,18067,17799],{"class":65},[47,18069,3479],{"class":61},[47,18071,3062],{"class":86},[47,18073,4033],{"class":4032},[47,18075,9483],{"class":86},[20,18077,18078,18079,94],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[455,18080,18082],{"href":18081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[149,18084,18086],{"id":18085},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18088,18089],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[162,18091,18092,18097,18102],{},[165,18093,18094,18096],{},[15,18095,3967],{}," (list)",[165,18098,18099,18101],{},[15,18100,3972],{}," (dictionary)",[165,18103,18104,18106],{},[15,18105,3977],{}," (set)",[20,18108,18109,18110,94],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3922,18111,18112],{},"same object",[469,18114,18116],{"id":18115},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,18118,18120],{"className":40,"code":18119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18121,18122,18154,18175,18179,18201,18205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18123,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18125,17421],{"class":53},[47,18127,58],{"class":57},[47,18129,3803],{"class":86},[47,18131,102],{"class":61},[47,18133,455],{"class":65},[47,18135,102],{"class":61},[47,18137,309],{"class":86},[47,18139,62],{"class":61},[47,18141,2014],{"class":65},[47,18143,102],{"class":61},[47,18145,309],{"class":86},[47,18147,62],{"class":61},[47,18149,9913],{"class":65},[47,18151,102],{"class":61},[47,18153,3816],{"class":86},[47,18155,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18157,9340],{"class":53},[47,18159,58],{"class":57},[47,18161,9345],{"class":1570},[47,18163,94],{"class":86},[47,18165,17462],{"class":90},[47,18167,87],{"class":86},[47,18169,17102],{"class":90},[47,18171,309],{"class":86},[47,18173,18174],{"class":86}," [])\n",[47,18176,18177],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,18178,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,18180,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,18182,9379],{"class":53},[47,18184,4080],{"class":86},[47,18186,102],{"class":61},[47,18188,455],{"class":65},[47,18190,102],{"class":61},[47,18192,13729],{"class":86},[47,18194,13732],{"class":90},[47,18196,87],{"class":86},[47,18198,1598],{"class":445},[47,18200,286],{"class":86},[47,18202,18203],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,18204,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,18206,18207,18209,18211,18213],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,18208,83],{"class":82},[47,18210,87],{"class":86},[47,18212,9379],{"class":90},[47,18214,286],{"class":86},[20,18216,814],{},[38,18218,18220],{"className":40,"code":18219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18221,18222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18223,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18225,9452],{"class":86},[47,18227,3479],{"class":61},[47,18229,455],{"class":65},[47,18231,3479],{"class":61},[47,18233,3062],{"class":86},[47,18235,3803],{"class":86},[47,18237,1598],{"class":445},[47,18239,18240],{"class":86},"],",[47,18242,3474],{"class":61},[47,18244,2014],{"class":65},[47,18246,3479],{"class":61},[47,18248,3062],{"class":86},[47,18250,3803],{"class":86},[47,18252,1598],{"class":445},[47,18254,18240],{"class":86},[47,18256,3474],{"class":61},[47,18258,9913],{"class":65},[47,18260,3479],{"class":61},[47,18262,3062],{"class":86},[47,18264,3803],{"class":86},[47,18266,1598],{"class":445},[47,18268,13885],{"class":86},[20,18270,18271,18272,18275],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18273,18274],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[469,18277,18279],{"id":18278},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18281,18282,18285],{},[15,18283,18284],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18287,18288],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18290,18291],{},"So this:",[38,18293,18295],{"className":40,"code":18294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18296,18297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18298,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18300,9379],{"class":53},[47,18302,4080],{"class":86},[47,18304,102],{"class":61},[47,18306,455],{"class":65},[47,18308,102],{"class":61},[47,18310,13729],{"class":86},[47,18312,13732],{"class":90},[47,18314,87],{"class":86},[47,18316,1598],{"class":445},[47,18318,286],{"class":86},[20,18320,18321,18322,94],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18323,18274],{},[469,18325,18327],{"id":18326},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18329,18330],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,18332,18334],{"className":40,"code":18333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18335,18336,18368,18395,18399,18421,18425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18337,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18339,17421],{"class":53},[47,18341,58],{"class":57},[47,18343,3803],{"class":86},[47,18345,102],{"class":61},[47,18347,455],{"class":65},[47,18349,102],{"class":61},[47,18351,309],{"class":86},[47,18353,62],{"class":61},[47,18355,2014],{"class":65},[47,18357,102],{"class":61},[47,18359,309],{"class":86},[47,18361,62],{"class":61},[47,18363,9913],{"class":65},[47,18365,102],{"class":61},[47,18367,3816],{"class":86},[47,18369,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18383,18385,18388,18390,18393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18371,9340],{"class":53},[47,18373,58],{"class":57},[47,18375,10665],{"class":86},[47,18377,15021],{"class":53},[47,18379,3062],{"class":86},[47,18381,18382],{"class":86}," []",[47,18384,4057],{"class":752},[47,18386,18387],{"class":53}," key ",[47,18389,1613],{"class":752},[47,18391,18392],{"class":53}," keys",[47,18394,9483],{"class":86},[47,18396,18397],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,18398,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,18400,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,18402,9379],{"class":53},[47,18404,4080],{"class":86},[47,18406,102],{"class":61},[47,18408,455],{"class":65},[47,18410,102],{"class":61},[47,18412,13729],{"class":86},[47,18414,13732],{"class":90},[47,18416,87],{"class":86},[47,18418,1598],{"class":445},[47,18420,286],{"class":86},[47,18422,18423],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,18424,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,18426,18427,18429,18431,18433],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,18428,83],{"class":82},[47,18430,87],{"class":86},[47,18432,9379],{"class":90},[47,18434,286],{"class":86},[20,18436,814],{},[38,18438,18440],{"className":40,"code":18439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18441,18442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18443,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18445,9452],{"class":86},[47,18447,3479],{"class":61},[47,18449,455],{"class":65},[47,18451,3479],{"class":61},[47,18453,3062],{"class":86},[47,18455,3803],{"class":86},[47,18457,1598],{"class":445},[47,18459,18240],{"class":86},[47,18461,3474],{"class":61},[47,18463,2014],{"class":65},[47,18465,3479],{"class":61},[47,18467,3062],{"class":86},[47,18469,18470],{"class":86}," [],",[47,18472,3474],{"class":61},[47,18474,9913],{"class":65},[47,18476,3479],{"class":61},[47,18478,3062],{"class":86},[47,18480,18481],{"class":86}," []}\n",[20,18483,18484],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18486,18487],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[149,18489,1321,18491],{"id":18490},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18492,17397],{},[20,18494,18495,18497],{},[15,18496,17402],{}," is a good choice when:",[162,18499,18500,18503,18506],{},[165,18501,18502],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[165,18504,18505],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[165,18507,18508],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18510,2302],{},[38,18512,18514],{"className":40,"code":18513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18515,18516,18561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18517,18518,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18553,18555,18557,18559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18519,18520],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,18522,58],{"class":57},[47,18524,9345],{"class":1570},[47,18526,94],{"class":86},[47,18528,17462],{"class":90},[47,18530,3163],{"class":86},[47,18532,102],{"class":61},[47,18534,18535],{"class":65},"is_admin",[47,18537,102],{"class":61},[47,18539,309],{"class":86},[47,18541,62],{"class":61},[47,18543,15258],{"class":65},[47,18545,102],{"class":61},[47,18547,309],{"class":86},[47,18549,62],{"class":61},[47,18551,18552],{"class":65},"is_verified",[47,18554,102],{"class":61},[47,18556,18240],{"class":86},[47,18558,4087],{"class":4032},[47,18560,286],{"class":86},[47,18562,18563,18565,18567,18570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18564,83],{"class":82},[47,18566,87],{"class":86},[47,18568,18569],{"class":90},"flags",[47,18571,286],{"class":86},[38,18573,18575],{"className":40,"code":18574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18576,18577,18622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18578,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18596,18598,18600,18602,18605,18607,18609,18611,18614,18616,18618,18620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18580,5244],{"class":53},[47,18582,58],{"class":57},[47,18584,9345],{"class":1570},[47,18586,94],{"class":86},[47,18588,17462],{"class":90},[47,18590,3163],{"class":86},[47,18592,102],{"class":61},[47,18594,18595],{"class":65},"math",[47,18597,102],{"class":61},[47,18599,309],{"class":86},[47,18601,62],{"class":61},[47,18603,18604],{"class":65},"science",[47,18606,102],{"class":61},[47,18608,309],{"class":86},[47,18610,62],{"class":61},[47,18612,18613],{"class":65},"history",[47,18615,102],{"class":61},[47,18617,18240],{"class":86},[47,18619,4014],{"class":445},[47,18621,286],{"class":86},[47,18623,18624,18626,18628,18630],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18625,83],{"class":82},[47,18627,87],{"class":86},[47,18629,16569],{"class":90},[47,18631,286],{"class":86},[20,18633,18634,18635,18637],{},"It is ",[3922,18636,4813],{}," the best choice when:",[162,18639,18640,18643],{},[165,18641,18642],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[165,18644,18645],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[149,18647,18649,18651],{"id":18648},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18650,17397],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18653,18654,18656],{},[15,18655,17397],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[469,18658,831,18660],{"id":18659},"using-fromkeys",[15,18661,17397],{},[38,18663,18665],{"className":40,"code":18664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18666,18667,18712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18668,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18686,18688,18690,18692,18695,18697,18699,18701,18704,18706,18708,18710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18670,14005],{"class":53},[47,18672,58],{"class":57},[47,18674,9345],{"class":1570},[47,18676,94],{"class":86},[47,18678,17462],{"class":90},[47,18680,3163],{"class":86},[47,18682,102],{"class":61},[47,18684,18685],{"class":65},"sound",[47,18687,102],{"class":61},[47,18689,309],{"class":86},[47,18691,62],{"class":61},[47,18693,18694],{"class":65},"music",[47,18696,102],{"class":61},[47,18698,309],{"class":86},[47,18700,62],{"class":61},[47,18702,18703],{"class":65},"notifications",[47,18705,102],{"class":61},[47,18707,18240],{"class":86},[47,18709,4096],{"class":4032},[47,18711,286],{"class":86},[47,18713,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18715,83],{"class":82},[47,18717,87],{"class":86},[47,18719,14064],{"class":90},[47,18721,286],{"class":86},[469,18723,18725],{"id":18724},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,18727,18729],{"className":40,"code":18728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18730,18731,18739,18753,18767,18779,18783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18732,18733,18735,18737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18734,14005],{"class":53},[47,18736,58],{"class":57},[47,18738,11669],{"class":86},[47,18740,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18742,11674],{"class":61},[47,18744,18685],{"class":65},[47,18746,102],{"class":61},[47,18748,3062],{"class":86},[47,18750,4096],{"class":4032},[47,18752,11690],{"class":86},[47,18754,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,18756,11674],{"class":61},[47,18758,18694],{"class":65},[47,18760,102],{"class":61},[47,18762,3062],{"class":86},[47,18764,4087],{"class":4032},[47,18766,11690],{"class":86},[47,18768,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,18770,11674],{"class":61},[47,18772,18703],{"class":65},[47,18774,102],{"class":61},[47,18776,3062],{"class":86},[47,18778,6601],{"class":4032},[47,18780,18781],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,18782,9483],{"class":86},[47,18784,18785,18787,18789,18791],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,18786,83],{"class":82},[47,18788,87],{"class":86},[47,18790,14064],{"class":90},[47,18792,286],{"class":86},[20,18794,18795],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[469,18797,18799],{"id":18798},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,18801,18803],{"className":40,"code":18802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18804,18805,18837,18861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18806,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18808,17421],{"class":53},[47,18810,58],{"class":57},[47,18812,3803],{"class":86},[47,18814,102],{"class":61},[47,18816,455],{"class":65},[47,18818,102],{"class":61},[47,18820,309],{"class":86},[47,18822,62],{"class":61},[47,18824,2014],{"class":65},[47,18826,102],{"class":61},[47,18828,309],{"class":86},[47,18830,62],{"class":61},[47,18832,9913],{"class":65},[47,18834,102],{"class":61},[47,18836,3816],{"class":86},[47,18838,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18840,9340],{"class":53},[47,18842,58],{"class":57},[47,18844,10665],{"class":86},[47,18846,15021],{"class":53},[47,18848,3062],{"class":86},[47,18850,18382],{"class":86},[47,18852,4057],{"class":752},[47,18854,18387],{"class":53},[47,18856,1613],{"class":752},[47,18858,18392],{"class":53},[47,18860,9483],{"class":86},[47,18862,18863,18865,18867,18869],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,18864,83],{"class":82},[47,18866,87],{"class":86},[47,18868,9379],{"class":90},[47,18870,286],{"class":86},[20,18872,18873],{},"Use:",[162,18875,18876,18881,18884],{},[165,18877,18878,18880],{},[15,18879,17397],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[165,18882,18883],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[165,18885,18886],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18888,18889,18890,94],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[455,18891,10912,18892,1168],{"href":14212},[15,18893,15133],{},[149,18895,1425],{"id":1424},[20,18897,14913,18898,94],{},[15,18899,17402],{},[469,18901,18903],{"id":18902},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,18905,18907],{"className":40,"code":18906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18908,18909,18942,18965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18910,18911,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18912,18913],{"class":53},"d ",[47,18915,58],{"class":57},[47,18917,9345],{"class":1570},[47,18919,94],{"class":86},[47,18921,17462],{"class":90},[47,18923,3163],{"class":86},[47,18925,102],{"class":61},[47,18927,455],{"class":65},[47,18929,102],{"class":61},[47,18931,309],{"class":86},[47,18933,62],{"class":61},[47,18935,2014],{"class":65},[47,18937,102],{"class":61},[47,18939,18240],{"class":86},[47,18941,18174],{"class":86},[47,18943,18944,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18945,18946],{"class":53},"d",[47,18948,4080],{"class":86},[47,18950,102],{"class":61},[47,18952,455],{"class":65},[47,18954,102],{"class":61},[47,18956,13729],{"class":86},[47,18958,13732],{"class":90},[47,18960,87],{"class":86},[47,18962,1598],{"class":445},[47,18964,286],{"class":86},[47,18966,18967,18969,18971,18973],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,18968,83],{"class":82},[47,18970,87],{"class":86},[47,18972,18946],{"class":90},[47,18974,286],{"class":86},[20,18976,814],{},[38,18978,18980],{"className":40,"code":18979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18981,18982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18983,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18985,9452],{"class":86},[47,18987,3479],{"class":61},[47,18989,455],{"class":65},[47,18991,3479],{"class":61},[47,18993,3062],{"class":86},[47,18995,3803],{"class":86},[47,18997,1598],{"class":445},[47,18999,18240],{"class":86},[47,19001,3474],{"class":61},[47,19003,2014],{"class":65},[47,19005,3479],{"class":61},[47,19007,3062],{"class":86},[47,19009,3803],{"class":86},[47,19011,1598],{"class":445},[47,19013,13885],{"class":86},[20,19015,19016],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19018,19019],{},"Use this instead:",[38,19021,19023],{"className":40,"code":19022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19024,19025,19049,19073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19026,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19028,17421],{"class":53},[47,19030,58],{"class":57},[47,19032,3803],{"class":86},[47,19034,102],{"class":61},[47,19036,455],{"class":65},[47,19038,102],{"class":61},[47,19040,309],{"class":86},[47,19042,62],{"class":61},[47,19044,2014],{"class":65},[47,19046,102],{"class":61},[47,19048,3816],{"class":86},[47,19050,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19052,18913],{"class":53},[47,19054,58],{"class":57},[47,19056,10665],{"class":86},[47,19058,15021],{"class":53},[47,19060,3062],{"class":86},[47,19062,18382],{"class":86},[47,19064,4057],{"class":752},[47,19066,18387],{"class":53},[47,19068,1613],{"class":752},[47,19070,18392],{"class":53},[47,19072,9483],{"class":86},[47,19074,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,19076,83],{"class":82},[47,19078,87],{"class":86},[47,19080,18946],{"class":90},[47,19082,286],{"class":86},[469,19084,19086,19087,19089],{"id":19085},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19088,17397],{}," on a list",[20,19091,19092],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,19094,19096],{"className":40,"code":19095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19097,19098,19130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19101,17421],{"class":53},[47,19103,58],{"class":57},[47,19105,3803],{"class":86},[47,19107,102],{"class":61},[47,19109,455],{"class":65},[47,19111,102],{"class":61},[47,19113,309],{"class":86},[47,19115,62],{"class":61},[47,19117,2014],{"class":65},[47,19119,102],{"class":61},[47,19121,309],{"class":86},[47,19123,62],{"class":61},[47,19125,9913],{"class":65},[47,19127,102],{"class":61},[47,19129,3816],{"class":86},[47,19131,19132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19133,19134],{"class":113},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19136,19137,19139,19140,19142,19143,94],{},[15,19138,17397],{}," belongs to ",[15,19141,8995],{},", not ",[15,19144,8269],{},[20,19146,19147],{},"Correct usage:",[38,19149,19151],{"className":40,"code":19150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19152,19153,19185,19207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19154,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19156,17421],{"class":53},[47,19158,58],{"class":57},[47,19160,3803],{"class":86},[47,19162,102],{"class":61},[47,19164,455],{"class":65},[47,19166,102],{"class":61},[47,19168,309],{"class":86},[47,19170,62],{"class":61},[47,19172,2014],{"class":65},[47,19174,102],{"class":61},[47,19176,309],{"class":86},[47,19178,62],{"class":61},[47,19180,9913],{"class":65},[47,19182,102],{"class":61},[47,19184,3816],{"class":86},[47,19186,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19188,18913],{"class":53},[47,19190,58],{"class":57},[47,19192,9345],{"class":1570},[47,19194,94],{"class":86},[47,19196,17462],{"class":90},[47,19198,87],{"class":86},[47,19200,17102],{"class":90},[47,19202,309],{"class":86},[47,19204,4014],{"class":445},[47,19206,286],{"class":86},[47,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,19210,83],{"class":82},[47,19212,87],{"class":86},[47,19214,18946],{"class":90},[47,19216,286],{"class":86},[469,19218,8628,19220,19222],{"id":19219},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19221,17397],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19224,19225,19227],{},[15,19226,17402],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,19229,19231],{"className":40,"code":19230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19232,19233,19253,19287,19291,19301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19234,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19236,12263],{"class":53},[47,19238,58],{"class":57},[47,19240,10665],{"class":86},[47,19242,102],{"class":61},[47,19244,2350],{"class":65},[47,19246,102],{"class":61},[47,19248,3062],{"class":86},[47,19250,5677],{"class":445},[47,19252,9483],{"class":86},[47,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19256,13216],{"class":53},[47,19258,58],{"class":57},[47,19260,9345],{"class":1570},[47,19262,94],{"class":86},[47,19264,17462],{"class":90},[47,19266,3163],{"class":86},[47,19268,102],{"class":61},[47,19270,455],{"class":65},[47,19272,102],{"class":61},[47,19274,309],{"class":86},[47,19276,62],{"class":61},[47,19278,2014],{"class":65},[47,19280,102],{"class":61},[47,19282,18240],{"class":86},[47,19284,4014],{"class":445},[47,19286,286],{"class":86},[47,19288,19289],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,19290,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,19292,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,19294,83],{"class":82},[47,19296,87],{"class":86},[47,19298,12310],{"class":90},[47,19300,286],{"class":86},[47,19302,19303,19305,19307,19310],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,19304,83],{"class":82},[47,19306,87],{"class":86},[47,19308,19309],{"class":90},"new_dict",[47,19311,286],{"class":86},[20,19313,814],{},[38,19315,19317],{"className":40,"code":19316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19318,19319,19335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19322,9452],{"class":86},[47,19324,3479],{"class":61},[47,19326,2350],{"class":65},[47,19328,3479],{"class":61},[47,19330,3062],{"class":86},[47,19332,5677],{"class":445},[47,19334,9483],{"class":86},[47,19336,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19338,9452],{"class":86},[47,19340,3479],{"class":61},[47,19342,455],{"class":65},[47,19344,3479],{"class":61},[47,19346,3062],{"class":86},[47,19348,4014],{"class":445},[47,19350,309],{"class":86},[47,19352,3474],{"class":61},[47,19354,2014],{"class":65},[47,19356,3479],{"class":61},[47,19358,3062],{"class":86},[47,19360,4014],{"class":445},[47,19362,9483],{"class":86},[20,19364,19365,19366,94],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[455,19367,10912,19368,1168],{"href":14212},[15,19369,15133],{},[469,19371,19373,19374],{"id":19372},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19375,3958],{},[38,19377,19379],{"className":40,"code":19378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19380,19381,19411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19382,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19384,18913],{"class":53},[47,19386,58],{"class":57},[47,19388,9345],{"class":1570},[47,19390,94],{"class":86},[47,19392,17462],{"class":90},[47,19394,3163],{"class":86},[47,19396,102],{"class":61},[47,19398,2350],{"class":65},[47,19400,102],{"class":61},[47,19402,309],{"class":86},[47,19404,62],{"class":61},[47,19406,11922],{"class":65},[47,19408,102],{"class":61},[47,19410,4068],{"class":86},[47,19412,19413,19415,19417,19419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19414,83],{"class":82},[47,19416,87],{"class":86},[47,19418,18946],{"class":90},[47,19420,286],{"class":86},[20,19422,814],{},[38,19424,19426],{"className":40,"code":19425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19427,19428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19429,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19431,9452],{"class":86},[47,19433,3479],{"class":61},[47,19435,2350],{"class":65},[47,19437,3479],{"class":61},[47,19439,3062],{"class":86},[47,19441,4033],{"class":4032},[47,19443,309],{"class":86},[47,19445,3474],{"class":61},[47,19447,11922],{"class":65},[47,19449,3479],{"class":61},[47,19451,3062],{"class":86},[47,19453,4033],{"class":4032},[47,19455,9483],{"class":86},[20,19457,19458,19459,94],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19460,3958],{},[149,19462,19464],{"id":19463},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19466,19467,19468,19470],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19469,17397],{}," works.",[38,19472,19474],{"className":40,"code":19473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19475,19476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19477,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19479,83],{"class":82},[47,19481,87],{"class":86},[47,19483,8995],{"class":1570},[47,19485,94],{"class":86},[47,19487,17462],{"class":90},[47,19489,3163],{"class":86},[47,19491,102],{"class":61},[47,19493,455],{"class":65},[47,19495,102],{"class":61},[47,19497,309],{"class":86},[47,19499,62],{"class":61},[47,19501,2014],{"class":65},[47,19503,102],{"class":61},[47,19505,18240],{"class":86},[47,19507,4014],{"class":445},[47,19509,1879],{"class":86},[38,19511,19512],{"className":40,"code":19378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19513,19514,19544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19515,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19517,18913],{"class":53},[47,19519,58],{"class":57},[47,19521,9345],{"class":1570},[47,19523,94],{"class":86},[47,19525,17462],{"class":90},[47,19527,3163],{"class":86},[47,19529,102],{"class":61},[47,19531,2350],{"class":65},[47,19533,102],{"class":61},[47,19535,309],{"class":86},[47,19537,62],{"class":61},[47,19539,11922],{"class":65},[47,19541,102],{"class":61},[47,19543,4068],{"class":86},[47,19545,19546,19548,19550,19552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19547,83],{"class":82},[47,19549,87],{"class":86},[47,19551,18946],{"class":90},[47,19553,286],{"class":86},[38,19555,19556],{"className":40,"code":18906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19557,19558,19590,19612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19559,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19561,18913],{"class":53},[47,19563,58],{"class":57},[47,19565,9345],{"class":1570},[47,19567,94],{"class":86},[47,19569,17462],{"class":90},[47,19571,3163],{"class":86},[47,19573,102],{"class":61},[47,19575,455],{"class":65},[47,19577,102],{"class":61},[47,19579,309],{"class":86},[47,19581,62],{"class":61},[47,19583,2014],{"class":65},[47,19585,102],{"class":61},[47,19587,18240],{"class":86},[47,19589,18174],{"class":86},[47,19591,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19593,18946],{"class":53},[47,19595,4080],{"class":86},[47,19597,102],{"class":61},[47,19599,455],{"class":65},[47,19601,102],{"class":61},[47,19603,13729],{"class":86},[47,19605,13732],{"class":90},[47,19607,87],{"class":86},[47,19609,1598],{"class":445},[47,19611,286],{"class":86},[47,19613,19614,19616,19618,19620],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,19615,83],{"class":82},[47,19617,87],{"class":86},[47,19619,18946],{"class":90},[47,19621,286],{"class":86},[38,19623,19625],{"className":40,"code":19624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19626,19627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19630,83],{"class":82},[47,19632,87],{"class":86},[47,19634,1872],{"class":1570},[47,19636,87],{"class":86},[47,19638,8995],{"class":1570},[47,19640,94],{"class":86},[47,19642,17462],{"class":90},[47,19644,3163],{"class":86},[47,19646,1598],{"class":445},[47,19648,309],{"class":86},[47,19650,1769],{"class":445},[47,19652,309],{"class":86},[47,19654,2630],{"class":445},[47,19656,18240],{"class":86},[47,19658,62],{"class":61},[47,19660,1587],{"class":65},[47,19662,102],{"class":61},[47,19664,1958],{"class":86},[149,19666,1962],{"id":1961},[469,19668,1966,19670,19672],{"id":19669},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19671,17397],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19674,19675],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[469,19677,19679],{"id":19678},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19681,19682,19683,94],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19684,3958],{},[469,19686,19688],{"id":19687},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19690,19691],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[469,19693,19695],{"id":19694},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19697,18330],{},[38,19699,19701],{"className":40,"code":19700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19702,19703,19735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19704,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19706,17421],{"class":53},[47,19708,58],{"class":57},[47,19710,3803],{"class":86},[47,19712,102],{"class":61},[47,19714,455],{"class":65},[47,19716,102],{"class":61},[47,19718,309],{"class":86},[47,19720,62],{"class":61},[47,19722,2014],{"class":65},[47,19724,102],{"class":61},[47,19726,309],{"class":86},[47,19728,62],{"class":61},[47,19730,9913],{"class":65},[47,19732,102],{"class":61},[47,19734,3816],{"class":86},[47,19736,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19738,9340],{"class":53},[47,19740,58],{"class":57},[47,19742,10665],{"class":86},[47,19744,15021],{"class":53},[47,19746,3062],{"class":86},[47,19748,18382],{"class":86},[47,19750,4057],{"class":752},[47,19752,18387],{"class":53},[47,19754,1613],{"class":752},[47,19756,18392],{"class":53},[47,19758,9483],{"class":86},[149,19760,2062],{"id":2061},[162,19762,19763,19767,19771,19775,19781],{},[165,19764,19765],{},[455,19766,11418],{"href":13204},[165,19768,19769],{},[455,19770,9330],{"href":13201},[165,19772,19773],{},[455,19774,11427],{"href":18081},[165,19776,19777],{},[455,19778,10912,19779,1168],{"href":14212},[15,19780,15133],{},[165,19782,19783],{},[455,19784,10912,19785,1168],{"href":15178},[15,19786,12954],{},[20,19788,144,19789,19791],{},[15,19790,17402],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2093,19793,19794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":19796},[19797,19798,19800,19804,19805,19807,19812,19814,19821,19830,19831,19838],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":17502,"depth":72,"text":19799},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17546,"depth":72,"text":17547,"children":19801},[19802,19803],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":699,"depth":79,"text":700},{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":17756,"depth":72,"text":19806},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18085,"depth":72,"text":18086,"children":19808},[19809,19810,19811],{"id":18115,"depth":79,"text":18116},{"id":18278,"depth":79,"text":18279},{"id":18326,"depth":79,"text":18327},{"id":18490,"depth":72,"text":19813},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18648,"depth":72,"text":19815,"children":19816},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19817,19819,19820],{"id":18659,"depth":79,"text":19818},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18724,"depth":79,"text":18725},{"id":18798,"depth":79,"text":18799},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":19822},[19823,19824,19826,19828],{"id":18902,"depth":79,"text":18903},{"id":19085,"depth":79,"text":19825},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19219,"depth":79,"text":19827},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19372,"depth":79,"text":19829},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19463,"depth":72,"text":19464},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":19832},[19833,19835,19836,19837],{"id":19669,"depth":79,"text":19834},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19678,"depth":79,"text":19679},{"id":19687,"depth":79,"text":19688},{"id":19694,"depth":79,"text":19695},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17389,"description":19839},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19846,"title":19847,"body":19848,"description":21675,"extension":2138,"meta":21676,"navigation":75,"path":21677,"seo":21678,"stem":21679,"__hash__":21680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19849,"toc":21642},[19850,19855,19861,19872,20002,20009,20014,20018,20034,20036,20134,20137,20154,20158,20160,20165,20203,20206,20224,20226,20344,20349,20353,20369,20372,20508,20511,20516,20522,20525,20562,20565,20569,20574,20650,20654,20659,20741,20743,20759,20764,20768,20774,20843,20846,20863,20866,20948,20953,20956,20976,20980,20985,20991,20997,21068,21071,21077,21080,21154,21161,21167,21175,21185,21187,21282,21288,21293,21378,21384,21386,21391,21413,21416,21511,21514,21545,21558,21560,21568,21574,21580,21583,21589,21594,21601,21606,21608,21639],[10,19851,11494,19853,18],{"id":19852},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19854,10915],{},[20,19856,19857,19858,19860],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19859,10915],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19862,19863,19864,2366,19867,2576,19869,19871],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19865,19866],{},"KeyError",[15,19868,10915],{},[15,19870,3958],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,19873,19875],{"className":40,"code":19874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19876,19877,19913,19917,19943,19968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19878,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19880,13383],{"class":53},[47,19882,58],{"class":57},[47,19884,10665],{"class":86},[47,19886,102],{"class":61},[47,19888,214],{"class":65},[47,19890,102],{"class":61},[47,19892,3062],{"class":86},[47,19894,62],{"class":61},[47,19896,13058],{"class":65},[47,19898,102],{"class":61},[47,19900,309],{"class":86},[47,19902,62],{"class":61},[47,19904,9473],{"class":65},[47,19906,102],{"class":61},[47,19908,3062],{"class":86},[47,19910,9480],{"class":445},[47,19912,9483],{"class":86},[47,19914,19915],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19916,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,19918,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,19920,83],{"class":82},[47,19922,87],{"class":86},[47,19924,17486],{"class":90},[47,19926,94],{"class":86},[47,19928,19929],{"class":90},"get",[47,19931,87],{"class":86},[47,19933,102],{"class":61},[47,19935,214],{"class":65},[47,19937,102],{"class":61},[47,19939,110],{"class":86},[47,19941,19942],{"class":113},"           # Ana\n",[47,19944,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,19946,83],{"class":82},[47,19948,87],{"class":86},[47,19950,17486],{"class":90},[47,19952,94],{"class":86},[47,19954,19929],{"class":90},[47,19956,87],{"class":86},[47,19958,102],{"class":61},[47,19960,10583],{"class":65},[47,19962,102],{"class":61},[47,19964,110],{"class":86},[47,19966,19967],{"class":113},"           # None\n",[47,19969,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19995,19997,19999],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,19971,83],{"class":82},[47,19973,87],{"class":86},[47,19975,17486],{"class":90},[47,19977,94],{"class":86},[47,19979,19929],{"class":90},[47,19981,87],{"class":86},[47,19983,102],{"class":61},[47,19985,10583],{"class":65},[47,19987,102],{"class":61},[47,19989,309],{"class":86},[47,19991,62],{"class":61},[47,19993,19994],{"class":65},"N\u002FA",[47,19996,102],{"class":61},[47,19998,110],{"class":86},[47,20000,20001],{"class":113},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20003,144,20004,20006,20007,94],{},[15,20005,10915],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20008,19866],{},[149,20010,152,20012,155],{"id":20011},"what-get-does",[15,20013,10915],{},[20,20015,842,20016,11588],{},[15,20017,10915],{},[162,20019,20020,20023,20028,20031],{},[165,20021,20022],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[165,20024,11599,20025,20027],{},[15,20026,3958],{}," if the key does not exist",[165,20029,20030],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[165,20032,20033],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20035,183],{},[38,20037,20039],{"className":40,"code":20038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20040,20041,20080,20084,20109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20042,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20062,20064,20066,20068,20071,20073,20075,20078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20044,13041],{"class":53},[47,20046,58],{"class":57},[47,20048,10665],{"class":86},[47,20050,102],{"class":61},[47,20052,214],{"class":65},[47,20054,102],{"class":61},[47,20056,3062],{"class":86},[47,20058,62],{"class":61},[47,20060,20061],{"class":65},"Lina",[47,20063,102],{"class":61},[47,20065,309],{"class":86},[47,20067,62],{"class":61},[47,20069,20070],{"class":65},"grade",[47,20072,102],{"class":61},[47,20074,3062],{"class":86},[47,20076,20077],{"class":445}," 90",[47,20079,9483],{"class":86},[47,20081,20082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20083,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20085,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20087,83],{"class":82},[47,20089,87],{"class":86},[47,20091,13805],{"class":90},[47,20093,94],{"class":86},[47,20095,19929],{"class":90},[47,20097,87],{"class":86},[47,20099,102],{"class":61},[47,20101,214],{"class":65},[47,20103,102],{"class":61},[47,20105,110],{"class":86},[47,20107,20108],{"class":113},"     # Lina\n",[47,20110,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20112,83],{"class":82},[47,20114,87],{"class":86},[47,20116,13805],{"class":90},[47,20118,94],{"class":86},[47,20120,19929],{"class":90},[47,20122,87],{"class":86},[47,20124,102],{"class":61},[47,20126,15438],{"class":65},[47,20128,102],{"class":61},[47,20130,110],{"class":86},[47,20132,20133],{"class":113},"    # None\n",[20,20135,20136],{},"In this example:",[162,20138,20139,20144],{},[165,20140,20141,20143],{},[15,20142,15419],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[165,20145,20146,20149,20150,2576,20152],{},[15,20147,20148],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20151,10915],{},[15,20153,3958],{},[20,20155,13198,20156,94],{},[455,20157,9330],{"href":9329},[149,20159,261],{"id":260},[20,20161,20162,20163,3062],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20164,10915],{},[38,20166,20168],{"className":40,"code":20167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20169,20170,20184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20171,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20173,15784],{"class":53},[47,20175,94],{"class":86},[47,20177,19929],{"class":90},[47,20179,87],{"class":86},[47,20181,15021],{"class":90},[47,20183,286],{"class":86},[47,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20187,15784],{"class":53},[47,20189,94],{"class":86},[47,20191,19929],{"class":90},[47,20193,87],{"class":86},[47,20195,15021],{"class":90},[47,20197,309],{"class":86},[47,20199,20200],{"class":90}," default_value",[47,20202,286],{"class":86},[20,20204,20205],{},"What each part means:",[162,20207,20208,20213,20219],{},[165,20209,20210,20212],{},[15,20211,15021],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[165,20214,20215,20218],{},[15,20216,20217],{},"default_value"," is optional",[165,20220,20221,20222],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20223,3958],{},[20,20225,183],{},[38,20227,20229],{"className":40,"code":20228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20230,20231,20255,20259,20284,20310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20232,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20234,14005],{"class":53},[47,20236,58],{"class":57},[47,20238,10665],{"class":86},[47,20240,102],{"class":61},[47,20242,12672],{"class":65},[47,20244,102],{"class":61},[47,20246,3062],{"class":86},[47,20248,62],{"class":61},[47,20250,12681],{"class":65},[47,20252,102],{"class":61},[47,20254,9483],{"class":86},[47,20256,20257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20258,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20260,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20262,83],{"class":82},[47,20264,87],{"class":86},[47,20266,14064],{"class":90},[47,20268,94],{"class":86},[47,20270,19929],{"class":90},[47,20272,87],{"class":86},[47,20274,102],{"class":61},[47,20276,12672],{"class":65},[47,20278,102],{"class":61},[47,20280,110],{"class":86},[47,20282,20283],{"class":113},"            # dark\n",[47,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20303,20305,20307],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20287,83],{"class":82},[47,20289,87],{"class":86},[47,20291,14064],{"class":90},[47,20293,94],{"class":86},[47,20295,19929],{"class":90},[47,20297,87],{"class":86},[47,20299,102],{"class":61},[47,20301,20302],{"class":65},"language",[47,20304,102],{"class":61},[47,20306,110],{"class":86},[47,20308,20309],{"class":113},"         # None\n",[47,20311,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20337,20339,20341],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,20313,83],{"class":82},[47,20315,87],{"class":86},[47,20317,14064],{"class":90},[47,20319,94],{"class":86},[47,20321,19929],{"class":90},[47,20323,87],{"class":86},[47,20325,102],{"class":61},[47,20327,20302],{"class":65},[47,20329,102],{"class":61},[47,20331,309],{"class":86},[47,20333,62],{"class":61},[47,20335,20336],{"class":65},"en",[47,20338,102],{"class":61},[47,20340,110],{"class":86},[47,20342,20343],{"class":113},"   # en\n",[149,20345,1321,20347],{"id":20346},"when-to-use-get",[15,20348,10915],{},[20,20350,144,20351,10776],{},[15,20352,10915],{},[162,20354,20355,20358,20363,20366],{},[165,20356,20357],{},"A key might not exist",[165,20359,20360,20361],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20362,19866],{},[165,20364,20365],{},"You are reading optional data",[165,20367,20368],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20370,20371],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,20373,20375],{"className":40,"code":20374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20376,20377,20419,20423,20448,20474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20378,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20415,20417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20380,11664],{"class":53},[47,20382,58],{"class":57},[47,20384,10665],{"class":86},[47,20386,102],{"class":61},[47,20388,8161],{"class":65},[47,20390,102],{"class":61},[47,20392,3062],{"class":86},[47,20394,62],{"class":61},[47,20396,20397],{"class":65},"sam",[47,20399,102],{"class":61},[47,20401,309],{"class":86},[47,20403,62],{"class":61},[47,20405,15438],{"class":65},[47,20407,102],{"class":61},[47,20409,3062],{"class":86},[47,20411,62],{"class":61},[47,20413,20414],{"class":65},"sam@example.com",[47,20416,102],{"class":61},[47,20418,9483],{"class":86},[47,20420,20421],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20422,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20424,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20426,83],{"class":82},[47,20428,87],{"class":86},[47,20430,11758],{"class":90},[47,20432,94],{"class":86},[47,20434,19929],{"class":90},[47,20436,87],{"class":86},[47,20438,102],{"class":61},[47,20440,8161],{"class":65},[47,20442,102],{"class":61},[47,20444,110],{"class":86},[47,20446,20447],{"class":113},"              # sam\n",[47,20449,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20467,20469,20471],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20451,83],{"class":82},[47,20453,87],{"class":86},[47,20455,11758],{"class":90},[47,20457,94],{"class":86},[47,20459,19929],{"class":90},[47,20461,87],{"class":86},[47,20463,102],{"class":61},[47,20465,20466],{"class":65},"phone",[47,20468,102],{"class":61},[47,20470,110],{"class":86},[47,20472,20473],{"class":113},"                 # None\n",[47,20475,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20501,20503,20505],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,20477,83],{"class":82},[47,20479,87],{"class":86},[47,20481,11758],{"class":90},[47,20483,94],{"class":86},[47,20485,19929],{"class":90},[47,20487,87],{"class":86},[47,20489,102],{"class":61},[47,20491,20466],{"class":65},[47,20493,102],{"class":61},[47,20495,309],{"class":86},[47,20497,62],{"class":61},[47,20499,20500],{"class":65},"Not provided",[47,20502,102],{"class":61},[47,20504,110],{"class":86},[47,20506,20507],{"class":113}," # Not provided\n",[20,20509,20510],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20512,20513,20514,94],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[455,20515,16778],{"href":16777},[149,20517,20519,20521],{"id":20518},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20520,10915],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20523,20524],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,20526,20528],{"className":40,"code":20527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20529,20530,20544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20531,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20533,9379],{"class":53},[47,20535,4080],{"class":86},[47,20537,102],{"class":61},[47,20539,15021],{"class":65},[47,20541,102],{"class":61},[47,20543,3816],{"class":86},[47,20545,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20547,9379],{"class":53},[47,20549,94],{"class":86},[47,20551,19929],{"class":90},[47,20553,87],{"class":86},[47,20555,102],{"class":61},[47,20557,15021],{"class":65},[47,20559,102],{"class":61},[47,20561,286],{"class":86},[20,20563,20564],{},"The difference is important.",[469,20566,20568],{"id":20567},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20570,20571,20572,94],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20573,19866],{},[38,20575,20577],{"className":40,"code":20576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20578,20579,20603,20607,20629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20580,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20582,9340],{"class":53},[47,20584,58],{"class":57},[47,20586,10665],{"class":86},[47,20588,102],{"class":61},[47,20590,214],{"class":65},[47,20592,102],{"class":61},[47,20594,3062],{"class":86},[47,20596,62],{"class":61},[47,20598,13058],{"class":65},[47,20600,102],{"class":61},[47,20602,9483],{"class":86},[47,20604,20605],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20606,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20608,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20626],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20610,83],{"class":82},[47,20612,87],{"class":86},[47,20614,9379],{"class":90},[47,20616,4080],{"class":86},[47,20618,102],{"class":61},[47,20620,214],{"class":65},[47,20622,102],{"class":61},[47,20624,20625],{"class":86},"])",[47,20627,20628],{"class":113},"   # Ana\n",[47,20630,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20632,83],{"class":82},[47,20634,87],{"class":86},[47,20636,9379],{"class":90},[47,20638,4080],{"class":86},[47,20640,102],{"class":61},[47,20642,10583],{"class":65},[47,20644,102],{"class":61},[47,20646,20625],{"class":86},[47,20648,20649],{"class":113},"   # KeyError\n",[469,20651,20652],{"id":19929},[15,20653,10915],{},[20,20655,20656,20658],{},[15,20657,10915],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,20660,20662],{"className":40,"code":20661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20663,20664,20688,20692,20716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20665,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20667,9340],{"class":53},[47,20669,58],{"class":57},[47,20671,10665],{"class":86},[47,20673,102],{"class":61},[47,20675,214],{"class":65},[47,20677,102],{"class":61},[47,20679,3062],{"class":86},[47,20681,62],{"class":61},[47,20683,13058],{"class":65},[47,20685,102],{"class":61},[47,20687,9483],{"class":86},[47,20689,20690],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20691,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20693,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20695,83],{"class":82},[47,20697,87],{"class":86},[47,20699,9379],{"class":90},[47,20701,94],{"class":86},[47,20703,19929],{"class":90},[47,20705,87],{"class":86},[47,20707,102],{"class":61},[47,20709,214],{"class":65},[47,20711,102],{"class":61},[47,20713,110],{"class":86},[47,20715,20628],{"class":113},[47,20717,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20719,83],{"class":82},[47,20721,87],{"class":86},[47,20723,9379],{"class":90},[47,20725,94],{"class":86},[47,20727,19929],{"class":90},[47,20729,87],{"class":86},[47,20731,102],{"class":61},[47,20733,10583],{"class":65},[47,20735,102],{"class":61},[47,20737,110],{"class":86},[47,20739,20740],{"class":113},"   # None\n",[20,20742,18873],{},[162,20744,20745,20751],{},[165,20746,20747,20748],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3922,20749,20750],{},"must exist",[165,20752,20753,20755,20756],{},[15,20754,10915],{}," when the key is ",[3922,20757,20758],{},"optional",[20,20760,20761,20762,94],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[455,20763,11438],{"href":11249},[149,20765,20767],{"id":20766},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20769,20770,20771,20773],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20772,10915],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,20775,20777],{"className":40,"code":20776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20778,20779,20804,20808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20780,20781,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20782,20783],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20785,58],{"class":57},[47,20787,10665],{"class":86},[47,20789,102],{"class":61},[47,20791,214],{"class":65},[47,20793,102],{"class":61},[47,20795,3062],{"class":86},[47,20797,62],{"class":61},[47,20799,8097],{"class":65},[47,20801,102],{"class":61},[47,20803,9483],{"class":86},[47,20805,20806],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20807,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20809,20810,20812,20814,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20836,20838,20840],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20811,83],{"class":82},[47,20813,87],{"class":86},[47,20815,20816],{"class":90},"profile",[47,20818,94],{"class":86},[47,20820,19929],{"class":90},[47,20822,87],{"class":86},[47,20824,102],{"class":61},[47,20826,15441],{"class":65},[47,20828,102],{"class":61},[47,20830,309],{"class":86},[47,20832,62],{"class":61},[47,20834,20835],{"class":65},"Unknown",[47,20837,102],{"class":61},[47,20839,110],{"class":86},[47,20841,20842],{"class":113},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20844,20845],{},"This is useful for display text:",[162,20847,20848,20853,20858],{},[165,20849,20850],{},[15,20851,20852],{},"\"Unknown\"",[165,20854,20855],{},[15,20856,20857],{},"\"Not set\"",[165,20859,20860],{},[15,20861,20862],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20864,20865],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,20867,20869],{"className":40,"code":20868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20870,20871,20903,20907,20934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20872,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20874,5244],{"class":53},[47,20876,58],{"class":57},[47,20878,10665],{"class":86},[47,20880,102],{"class":61},[47,20882,18595],{"class":65},[47,20884,102],{"class":61},[47,20886,3062],{"class":86},[47,20888,6184],{"class":445},[47,20890,309],{"class":86},[47,20892,62],{"class":61},[47,20894,18604],{"class":65},[47,20896,102],{"class":61},[47,20898,3062],{"class":86},[47,20900,943],{"class":445},[47,20902,9483],{"class":86},[47,20904,20905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20906,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,20908,20909,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,20910,20911],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20913,58],{"class":57},[47,20915,5291],{"class":53},[47,20917,94],{"class":86},[47,20919,19929],{"class":90},[47,20921,87],{"class":86},[47,20923,102],{"class":61},[47,20925,18613],{"class":65},[47,20927,102],{"class":61},[47,20929,309],{"class":86},[47,20931,4014],{"class":445},[47,20933,286],{"class":86},[47,20935,20936,20938,20940,20943,20945],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,20937,83],{"class":82},[47,20939,87],{"class":86},[47,20941,20942],{"class":90},"total_history",[47,20944,1696],{"class":86},[47,20946,20947],{"class":113},"   # 0\n",[20,20949,340,20950,20952],{},[15,20951,1721],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20954,20955],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[162,20957,20958,20961,20966,20971],{},[165,20959,20960],{},"Use a string for text",[165,20962,144,20963,20965],{},[15,20964,1721],{}," for numbers",[165,20967,144,20968,20970],{},[15,20969,3967],{}," for lists if needed",[165,20972,144,20973,20975],{},[15,20974,3972],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[149,20977,20979],{"id":20978},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20981,20982,20983,94],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20984,10915],{},[469,20986,20988,20990],{"id":20987},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20989,10915],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20992,20993,20994,20996],{},"This code does ",[3922,20995,4813],{}," create a new key:",[38,20998,21000],{"className":40,"code":20999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21001,21002,21026,21030,21055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21003,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21005,13383],{"class":53},[47,21007,58],{"class":57},[47,21009,10665],{"class":86},[47,21011,102],{"class":61},[47,21013,214],{"class":65},[47,21015,102],{"class":61},[47,21017,3062],{"class":86},[47,21019,62],{"class":61},[47,21021,13058],{"class":65},[47,21023,102],{"class":61},[47,21025,9483],{"class":86},[47,21027,21028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21029,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21031,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21033,83],{"class":82},[47,21035,87],{"class":86},[47,21037,17486],{"class":90},[47,21039,94],{"class":86},[47,21041,19929],{"class":90},[47,21043,87],{"class":86},[47,21045,102],{"class":61},[47,21047,10583],{"class":65},[47,21049,102],{"class":61},[47,21051,110],{"class":86},[47,21053,21054],{"class":113},"  # None\n",[47,21056,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21058,83],{"class":82},[47,21060,87],{"class":86},[47,21062,17486],{"class":90},[47,21064,1696],{"class":86},[47,21066,21067],{"class":113},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21069,21070],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[469,21072,21074,21076],{"id":21073},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21075,10915],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21078,21079],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,21081,21083],{"className":40,"code":21082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21084,21085,21111,21115,21141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21086,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21098,21100,21102,21104,21107,21109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21088,14005],{"class":53},[47,21090,58],{"class":57},[47,21092,10665],{"class":86},[47,21094,102],{"class":61},[47,21096,21097],{"class":65},"mode",[47,21099,102],{"class":61},[47,21101,3062],{"class":86},[47,21103,62],{"class":61},[47,21105,21106],{"class":65},"light",[47,21108,102],{"class":61},[47,21110,9483],{"class":86},[47,21112,21113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21114,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21116,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21118,14064],{"class":53},[47,21120,94],{"class":86},[47,21122,19929],{"class":90},[47,21124,87],{"class":86},[47,21126,102],{"class":61},[47,21128,12672],{"class":65},[47,21130,102],{"class":61},[47,21132,309],{"class":86},[47,21134,62],{"class":61},[47,21136,12681],{"class":65},[47,21138,102],{"class":61},[47,21140,286],{"class":86},[47,21142,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21144,83],{"class":82},[47,21146,87],{"class":86},[47,21148,14064],{"class":90},[47,21150,1696],{"class":86},[47,21152,21153],{"class":113},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21155,21156,21157,21160],{},"Even though ",[15,21158,21159],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[469,21162,21164,21165],{"id":21163},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21166,3958],{},[20,21168,21169,21170,2576,21172,21174],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21171,10915],{},[15,21173,3958],{}," because:",[162,21176,21177,21180],{},[165,21178,21179],{},"The key is missing, or",[165,21181,21182,21183],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21184,3958],{},[20,21186,183],{},[38,21188,21190],{"className":40,"code":21189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21191,21192,21229,21233,21257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21193,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21221,21223,21225,21227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21195,9340],{"class":53},[47,21197,58],{"class":57},[47,21199,10665],{"class":86},[47,21201,102],{"class":61},[47,21203,214],{"class":65},[47,21205,102],{"class":61},[47,21207,3062],{"class":86},[47,21209,62],{"class":61},[47,21211,13058],{"class":65},[47,21213,102],{"class":61},[47,21215,309],{"class":86},[47,21217,62],{"class":61},[47,21219,21220],{"class":65},"nickname",[47,21222,102],{"class":61},[47,21224,3062],{"class":86},[47,21226,4033],{"class":4032},[47,21228,9483],{"class":86},[47,21230,21231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21232,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21234,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21236,83],{"class":82},[47,21238,87],{"class":86},[47,21240,9379],{"class":90},[47,21242,94],{"class":86},[47,21244,19929],{"class":90},[47,21246,87],{"class":86},[47,21248,102],{"class":61},[47,21250,21220],{"class":65},[47,21252,102],{"class":61},[47,21254,110],{"class":86},[47,21256,21054],{"class":113},[47,21258,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21260,83],{"class":82},[47,21262,87],{"class":86},[47,21264,9379],{"class":90},[47,21266,94],{"class":86},[47,21268,19929],{"class":90},[47,21270,87],{"class":86},[47,21272,102],{"class":61},[47,21274,10583],{"class":65},[47,21276,102],{"class":61},[47,21278,110],{"class":86},[47,21280,21281],{"class":113},"      # None\n",[20,21283,21284,21285,21287],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21286,3958],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21289,21290,21291,3062],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21292,1613],{},[38,21294,21296],{"className":40,"code":21295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21297,21298,21334,21338,21358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21299,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21301,9340],{"class":53},[47,21303,58],{"class":57},[47,21305,10665],{"class":86},[47,21307,102],{"class":61},[47,21309,214],{"class":65},[47,21311,102],{"class":61},[47,21313,3062],{"class":86},[47,21315,62],{"class":61},[47,21317,13058],{"class":65},[47,21319,102],{"class":61},[47,21321,309],{"class":86},[47,21323,62],{"class":61},[47,21325,21220],{"class":65},[47,21327,102],{"class":61},[47,21329,3062],{"class":86},[47,21331,4033],{"class":4032},[47,21333,9483],{"class":86},[47,21335,21336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21337,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21341,83],{"class":82},[47,21343,87],{"class":86},[47,21345,102],{"class":61},[47,21347,21220],{"class":65},[47,21349,102],{"class":61},[47,21351,1690],{"class":752},[47,21353,14746],{"class":90},[47,21355,1696],{"class":86},[47,21357,519],{"class":113},[47,21359,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21361,83],{"class":82},[47,21363,87],{"class":86},[47,21365,102],{"class":61},[47,21367,10583],{"class":65},[47,21369,102],{"class":61},[47,21371,1690],{"class":752},[47,21373,14746],{"class":90},[47,21375,1696],{"class":86},[47,21377,419],{"class":113},[20,21379,21380,21381,94],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[455,21382,21383],{"href":17332},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[149,21385,1425],{"id":1424},[20,21387,21388,21389,3062],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21390,10915],{},[162,21392,21393,21398,21405,21410],{},[165,21394,21395,21396],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21397,19866],{},[165,21399,1710,21400,2576,21402,21404],{},[15,21401,10915],{},[15,21403,3958],{}," if no default is provided",[165,21406,4761,21407,21409],{},[15,21408,10915],{}," creates a key automatically",[165,21411,21412],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21414,21415],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,21417,21419],{"className":40,"code":21418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21420,21421,21431,21445,21463,21485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21422,21423,21425,21427,21429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21424,83],{"class":82},[47,21426,87],{"class":86},[47,21428,11625],{"class":90},[47,21430,286],{"class":86},[47,21432,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21434,83],{"class":82},[47,21436,87],{"class":86},[47,21438,11625],{"class":90},[47,21440,94],{"class":86},[47,21442,17102],{"class":90},[47,21444,7370],{"class":86},[47,21446,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21448,83],{"class":82},[47,21450,87],{"class":86},[47,21452,3479],{"class":61},[47,21454,214],{"class":65},[47,21456,3479],{"class":61},[47,21458,1690],{"class":752},[47,21460,11943],{"class":90},[47,21462,286],{"class":86},[47,21464,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21466,83],{"class":82},[47,21468,87],{"class":86},[47,21470,11625],{"class":90},[47,21472,94],{"class":86},[47,21474,19929],{"class":90},[47,21476,87],{"class":86},[47,21478,3479],{"class":61},[47,21480,214],{"class":65},[47,21482,3479],{"class":61},[47,21484,1879],{"class":86},[47,21486,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,21488,83],{"class":82},[47,21490,87],{"class":86},[47,21492,1872],{"class":1570},[47,21494,87],{"class":86},[47,21496,11625],{"class":90},[47,21498,94],{"class":86},[47,21500,19929],{"class":90},[47,21502,87],{"class":86},[47,21504,3479],{"class":61},[47,21506,214],{"class":65},[47,21508,3479],{"class":61},[47,21510,1958],{"class":86},[20,21512,21513],{},"What these checks tell you:",[162,21515,21516,21521,21527,21533,21539],{},[165,21517,21518,21520],{},[15,21519,12857],{}," shows the full dictionary",[165,21522,21523,21526],{},[15,21524,21525],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[165,21528,21529,21532],{},[15,21530,21531],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[165,21534,21535,21538],{},[15,21536,21537],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[165,21540,21541,21544],{},[15,21542,21543],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21546,21547,21548,837,21553,21557],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[455,21549,21550,21551,1168],{"href":17241},"the dictionary ",[15,21552,17244],{},[455,21554,21550,21555,1168],{"href":17254},[15,21556,17257],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[149,21559,1962],{"id":1961},[469,21561,1966,21563,21565,21566,2037],{"id":21562},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21564,10915],{}," raise ",[15,21567,19866],{},[20,21569,21570,21571,21573],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21572,3958],{}," or the default value you provide.",[469,21575,1966,21577,21579],{"id":21576},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21578,10915],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21581,21582],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[469,21584,21586,21587,2037],{"id":21585},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21588,10915],{},[20,21590,21591,21593],{},[15,21592,3958],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[469,21595,21597,21598,21600],{"id":21596},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21599,10915],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21602,144,21603,21605],{},[15,21604,10915],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[149,21607,2062],{"id":2061},[162,21609,21610,21614,21620,21626,21630,21635],{},[165,21611,21612],{},[455,21613,9330],{"href":9329},[165,21615,21616],{},[455,21617,10912,21618,1168],{"href":17241},[15,21619,17244],{},[165,21621,21622],{},[455,21623,10912,21624,1168],{"href":17254},[15,21625,17257],{},[165,21627,21628],{},[455,21629,17333],{"href":17332},[165,21631,21632],{},[455,21633,21634],{"href":16777},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[165,21636,21637],{},[455,21638,11438],{"href":11249},[2093,21640,21641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":21643},[21644,21646,21647,21649,21654,21655,21663,21664,21674],{"id":20011,"depth":72,"text":21645},"What get() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":20346,"depth":72,"text":21648},"When to use get()",{"id":20518,"depth":72,"text":21650,"children":21651},"get() vs square brackets",[21652,21653],{"id":20567,"depth":79,"text":20568},{"id":19929,"depth":79,"text":10915},{"id":20766,"depth":72,"text":20767},{"id":20978,"depth":72,"text":20979,"children":21656},[21657,21659,21661],{"id":20987,"depth":79,"text":21658},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21073,"depth":79,"text":21660},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21163,"depth":79,"text":21662},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":21665},[21666,21668,21670,21672],{"id":21562,"depth":79,"text":21667},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21576,"depth":79,"text":21669},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21585,"depth":79,"text":21671},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21596,"depth":79,"text":21673},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19847,"description":21675},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21682,"title":21683,"body":21684,"description":24240,"extension":2138,"meta":24241,"navigation":75,"path":24242,"seo":24243,"stem":24244,"__hash__":24245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21685,"toc":24206},[21686,21691,21697,21703,21705,21787,21791,21808,21813,21818,21823,21825,21839,21841,21904,21908,21948,21956,21958,21960,21975,21978,21991,21993,22072,22076,22142,22144,22148,22156,22158,22169,22171,22281,22285,22364,22370,22376,22381,22494,22498,22530,22533,22640,22646,22653,22657,22660,22763,22767,22828,22831,22834,22845,22854,22857,22874,22876,22975,22979,23054,23057,23080,23085,23090,23107,23109,23230,23234,23268,23270,23274,23281,23291,23293,23371,23374,23445,23455,23458,23490,23493,23532,23538,23545,23548,23639,23643,23724,23730,23733,23736,23841,23844,23847,23969,23973,23976,24043,24047,24084,24090,24092,24098,24103,24109,24116,24122,24125,24164,24170,24173,24175,24203],[10,21687,11494,21689,18],{"id":21688},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21690,17257],{},[20,21692,842,21693,21696],{},[15,21694,21695],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21698,21699,21700,21702],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21701,17257],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[149,21704,2179],{"id":2178},[38,21706,21708],{"className":40,"code":21707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21709,21710,21746,21750,21773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21711,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21713,13383],{"class":53},[47,21715,58],{"class":57},[47,21717,10665],{"class":86},[47,21719,102],{"class":61},[47,21721,214],{"class":65},[47,21723,102],{"class":61},[47,21725,3062],{"class":86},[47,21727,62],{"class":61},[47,21729,13058],{"class":65},[47,21731,102],{"class":61},[47,21733,309],{"class":86},[47,21735,62],{"class":61},[47,21737,9473],{"class":65},[47,21739,102],{"class":61},[47,21741,3062],{"class":86},[47,21743,9480],{"class":445},[47,21745,9483],{"class":86},[47,21747,21748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21749,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21751,21752,21754,21757,21759,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21753,6137],{"class":752},[47,21755,21756],{"class":53}," key",[47,21758,309],{"class":86},[47,21760,21761],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21763,1613],{"class":752},[47,21765,13426],{"class":53},[47,21767,94],{"class":86},[47,21769,7986],{"class":90},[47,21771,21772],{"class":86},"():\n",[47,21774,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,21776,776],{"class":82},[47,21778,87],{"class":86},[47,21780,15021],{"class":90},[47,21782,309],{"class":86},[47,21784,8608],{"class":90},[47,21786,286],{"class":86},[20,21788,21789],{},[3922,21790,814],{},[38,21792,21794],{"className":40,"code":21793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21795,21796,21801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21797,21798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21799,21800],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21802,21803,21806],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21804,21805],{"class":53},"age ",[47,21807,2887],{"class":445},[20,21809,144,21810,21812],{},[15,21811,17257],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[149,21814,152,21816,155],{"id":21815},"what-items-does",[15,21817,17257],{},[20,21819,21820,21822],{},[15,21821,17257],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21824,11634],{},[162,21826,21827,21833,21836],{},[165,21828,21829,21830],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21831,21832],{},"(key, value)",[165,21834,21835],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[165,21837,21838],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21840,183],{},[38,21842,21844],{"className":40,"code":21843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21845,21846,21882,21886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21847,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21849,13383],{"class":53},[47,21851,58],{"class":57},[47,21853,10665],{"class":86},[47,21855,102],{"class":61},[47,21857,214],{"class":65},[47,21859,102],{"class":61},[47,21861,3062],{"class":86},[47,21863,62],{"class":61},[47,21865,13058],{"class":65},[47,21867,102],{"class":61},[47,21869,309],{"class":86},[47,21871,62],{"class":61},[47,21873,9473],{"class":65},[47,21875,102],{"class":61},[47,21877,3062],{"class":86},[47,21879,9480],{"class":445},[47,21881,9483],{"class":86},[47,21883,21884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21885,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,21887,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,21889,83],{"class":82},[47,21891,87],{"class":86},[47,21893,8269],{"class":1570},[47,21895,87],{"class":86},[47,21897,17486],{"class":90},[47,21899,94],{"class":86},[47,21901,7986],{"class":90},[47,21903,6470],{"class":86},[20,21905,21906],{},[3922,21907,814],{},[38,21909,21911],{"className":40,"code":21910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21912,21913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21914,21915,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21916,21917],{"class":86},"[(",[47,21919,3479],{"class":61},[47,21921,214],{"class":65},[47,21923,3479],{"class":61},[47,21925,309],{"class":86},[47,21927,3474],{"class":61},[47,21929,13058],{"class":65},[47,21931,3479],{"class":61},[47,21933,9408],{"class":86},[47,21935,1067],{"class":86},[47,21937,3479],{"class":61},[47,21939,9473],{"class":65},[47,21941,3479],{"class":61},[47,21943,309],{"class":86},[47,21945,9480],{"class":445},[47,21947,9423],{"class":86},[20,21949,21950,21951,32,21953,94],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[455,21952,9330],{"href":13201},[455,21954,15204],{"href":21955},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[149,21957,261],{"id":260},[20,21959,5613],{},[38,21961,21963],{"className":40,"code":21962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21964,21965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21966,21967,21969,21971,21973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21968,11625],{"class":53},[47,21970,94],{"class":86},[47,21972,7986],{"class":90},[47,21974,8817],{"class":86},[20,21976,21977],{},"Things to remember:",[162,21979,21980,21985,21988],{},[165,21981,21982,21984],{},[15,21983,17257],{}," does not take any arguments",[165,21986,21987],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[165,21989,21990],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21992,183],{},[38,21994,21996],{"className":40,"code":21995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21997,21998,22030,22034,22048,22052,22062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21999,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22001,5244],{"class":53},[47,22003,58],{"class":57},[47,22005,10665],{"class":86},[47,22007,102],{"class":61},[47,22009,5184],{"class":65},[47,22011,102],{"class":61},[47,22013,3062],{"class":86},[47,22015,20077],{"class":445},[47,22017,309],{"class":86},[47,22019,62],{"class":61},[47,22021,5193],{"class":65},[47,22023,102],{"class":61},[47,22025,3062],{"class":86},[47,22027,13686],{"class":445},[47,22029,9483],{"class":86},[47,22031,22032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22033,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22035,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22037,2407],{"class":53},[47,22039,58],{"class":57},[47,22041,5291],{"class":53},[47,22043,94],{"class":86},[47,22045,7986],{"class":90},[47,22047,8817],{"class":86},[47,22049,22050],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22051,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22053,22054,22056,22058,22060],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,22055,83],{"class":82},[47,22057,87],{"class":86},[47,22059,2442],{"class":90},[47,22061,286],{"class":86},[47,22063,22064,22066,22068,22070],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,22065,83],{"class":82},[47,22067,87],{"class":86},[47,22069,16569],{"class":90},[47,22071,286],{"class":86},[20,22073,22074],{},[3922,22075,814],{},[38,22077,22079],{"className":40,"code":22078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22080,22081,22114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22082,22083,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22084,22085],{"class":90},"dict_items",[47,22087,9831],{"class":86},[47,22089,3479],{"class":61},[47,22091,5184],{"class":65},[47,22093,3479],{"class":61},[47,22095,309],{"class":86},[47,22097,20077],{"class":445},[47,22099,9408],{"class":86},[47,22101,1067],{"class":86},[47,22103,3479],{"class":61},[47,22105,5193],{"class":65},[47,22107,3479],{"class":61},[47,22109,309],{"class":86},[47,22111,13686],{"class":445},[47,22113,10854],{"class":86},[47,22115,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22117,9452],{"class":86},[47,22119,3479],{"class":61},[47,22121,5184],{"class":65},[47,22123,3479],{"class":61},[47,22125,3062],{"class":86},[47,22127,20077],{"class":445},[47,22129,309],{"class":86},[47,22131,3474],{"class":61},[47,22133,5193],{"class":65},[47,22135,3479],{"class":61},[47,22137,3062],{"class":86},[47,22139,13686],{"class":445},[47,22141,9483],{"class":86},[20,22143,21070],{},[149,22145,22147],{"id":22146},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22149,22150,22152,22153,22155],{},[15,22151,17257],{}," returns a ",[15,22154,22085],{}," view object.",[20,22157,2284],{},[162,22159,22160,22163,22166],{},[165,22161,22162],{},"You can loop over it",[165,22164,22165],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[165,22167,22168],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22170,183],{},[38,22172,22174],{"className":40,"code":22173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22175,22176,22208,22222,22226,22240,22244,22263,22267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22177,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22179,9340],{"class":53},[47,22181,58],{"class":57},[47,22183,10665],{"class":86},[47,22185,102],{"class":61},[47,22187,2350],{"class":65},[47,22189,102],{"class":61},[47,22191,3062],{"class":86},[47,22193,5677],{"class":445},[47,22195,309],{"class":86},[47,22197,62],{"class":61},[47,22199,11922],{"class":65},[47,22201,102],{"class":61},[47,22203,3062],{"class":86},[47,22205,1769],{"class":445},[47,22207,9483],{"class":86},[47,22209,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22211,9390],{"class":53},[47,22213,58],{"class":57},[47,22215,14746],{"class":53},[47,22217,94],{"class":86},[47,22219,7986],{"class":90},[47,22221,8817],{"class":86},[47,22223,22224],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22225,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22227,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22229,83],{"class":82},[47,22231,87],{"class":86},[47,22233,8269],{"class":1570},[47,22235,87],{"class":86},[47,22237,9436],{"class":90},[47,22239,1879],{"class":86},[47,22241,22242],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,22243,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22245,22246,22248,22250,22252,22255,22257,22259,22261],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,22247,9379],{"class":53},[47,22249,4080],{"class":86},[47,22251,102],{"class":61},[47,22253,22254],{"class":65},"z",[47,22256,102],{"class":61},[47,22258,13452],{"class":86},[47,22260,13455],{"class":57},[47,22262,2755],{"class":445},[47,22264,22265],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,22266,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22268,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,22270,83],{"class":82},[47,22272,87],{"class":86},[47,22274,8269],{"class":1570},[47,22276,87],{"class":86},[47,22278,9436],{"class":90},[47,22280,1879],{"class":86},[20,22282,22283],{},[3922,22284,814],{},[38,22286,22288],{"className":40,"code":22287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22289,22290,22320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22291,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22293,21917],{"class":86},[47,22295,3479],{"class":61},[47,22297,2350],{"class":65},[47,22299,3479],{"class":61},[47,22301,309],{"class":86},[47,22303,5677],{"class":445},[47,22305,9408],{"class":86},[47,22307,1067],{"class":86},[47,22309,3479],{"class":61},[47,22311,11922],{"class":65},[47,22313,3479],{"class":61},[47,22315,309],{"class":86},[47,22317,1769],{"class":445},[47,22319,9423],{"class":86},[47,22321,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22323,21917],{"class":86},[47,22325,3479],{"class":61},[47,22327,2350],{"class":65},[47,22329,3479],{"class":61},[47,22331,309],{"class":86},[47,22333,5677],{"class":445},[47,22335,9408],{"class":86},[47,22337,1067],{"class":86},[47,22339,3479],{"class":61},[47,22341,11922],{"class":65},[47,22343,3479],{"class":61},[47,22345,309],{"class":86},[47,22347,1769],{"class":445},[47,22349,9408],{"class":86},[47,22351,1067],{"class":86},[47,22353,3479],{"class":61},[47,22355,22254],{"class":65},[47,22357,3479],{"class":61},[47,22359,309],{"class":86},[47,22361,2630],{"class":445},[47,22363,9423],{"class":86},[20,22365,22366,22367,22369],{},"This happens because ",[15,22368,9436],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[149,22371,22373,22374],{"id":22372},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22375,17257],{},[20,22377,22378,22379,3062],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22380,17257],{},[38,22382,22384],{"className":40,"code":22383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22385,22386,22439,22443,22463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22387,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22389,13041],{"class":53},[47,22391,58],{"class":57},[47,22393,10665],{"class":86},[47,22395,102],{"class":61},[47,22397,214],{"class":65},[47,22399,102],{"class":61},[47,22401,3062],{"class":86},[47,22403,62],{"class":61},[47,22405,8097],{"class":65},[47,22407,102],{"class":61},[47,22409,309],{"class":86},[47,22411,62],{"class":61},[47,22413,20070],{"class":65},[47,22415,102],{"class":61},[47,22417,3062],{"class":86},[47,22419,62],{"class":61},[47,22421,22422],{"class":65},"A",[47,22424,102],{"class":61},[47,22426,309],{"class":86},[47,22428,62],{"class":61},[47,22430,9473],{"class":65},[47,22432,102],{"class":61},[47,22434,3062],{"class":86},[47,22436,14037],{"class":445},[47,22438,9483],{"class":86},[47,22440,22441],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22442,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22444,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22446,6137],{"class":752},[47,22448,21756],{"class":53},[47,22450,309],{"class":86},[47,22452,21761],{"class":53},[47,22454,1613],{"class":752},[47,22456,13084],{"class":53},[47,22458,94],{"class":86},[47,22460,7986],{"class":90},[47,22462,21772],{"class":86},[47,22464,22465,22467,22469,22472,22474,22476,22478,22481,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22466,776],{"class":82},[47,22468,87],{"class":86},[47,22470,22471],{"class":2242},"f",[47,22473,102],{"class":65},[47,22475,9452],{"class":445},[47,22477,15021],{"class":90},[47,22479,22480],{"class":445},"}",[47,22482,22483],{"class":65},": ",[47,22485,9452],{"class":445},[47,22487,1587],{"class":90},[47,22489,22480],{"class":445},[47,22491,102],{"class":65},[47,22493,286],{"class":86},[20,22495,22496],{},[3922,22497,814],{},[38,22499,22501],{"className":40,"code":22500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22502,22503,22512,22521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22504,22505,22507,22509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22506,214],{"class":53},[47,22508,3062],{"class":86},[47,22510,22511],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22513,22514,22516,22518],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22515,20070],{"class":53},[47,22517,3062],{"class":86},[47,22519,22520],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22522,22523,22525,22527],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22524,9473],{"class":53},[47,22526,3062],{"class":86},[47,22528,22529],{"class":445}," 14\n",[20,22531,22532],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,22534,22536],{"className":40,"code":22535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22537,22538,22590,22594,22606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22539,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22541,13041],{"class":53},[47,22543,58],{"class":57},[47,22545,10665],{"class":86},[47,22547,102],{"class":61},[47,22549,214],{"class":65},[47,22551,102],{"class":61},[47,22553,3062],{"class":86},[47,22555,62],{"class":61},[47,22557,8097],{"class":65},[47,22559,102],{"class":61},[47,22561,309],{"class":86},[47,22563,62],{"class":61},[47,22565,20070],{"class":65},[47,22567,102],{"class":61},[47,22569,3062],{"class":86},[47,22571,62],{"class":61},[47,22573,22422],{"class":65},[47,22575,102],{"class":61},[47,22577,309],{"class":86},[47,22579,62],{"class":61},[47,22581,9473],{"class":65},[47,22583,102],{"class":61},[47,22585,3062],{"class":86},[47,22587,14037],{"class":445},[47,22589,9483],{"class":86},[47,22591,22592],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22593,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22595,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22597,6137],{"class":752},[47,22599,18387],{"class":53},[47,22601,1613],{"class":752},[47,22603,13084],{"class":53},[47,22605,795],{"class":86},[47,22607,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22609,776],{"class":82},[47,22611,87],{"class":86},[47,22613,22471],{"class":2242},[47,22615,102],{"class":65},[47,22617,9452],{"class":445},[47,22619,15021],{"class":90},[47,22621,22480],{"class":445},[47,22623,22483],{"class":65},[47,22625,9452],{"class":445},[47,22627,13805],{"class":90},[47,22629,4080],{"class":86},[47,22631,15021],{"class":90},[47,22633,13452],{"class":86},[47,22635,22480],{"class":445},[47,22637,102],{"class":65},[47,22639,286],{"class":86},[20,22641,6687,22642,22645],{},[15,22643,22644],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22647,22648,22649,94],{},"For a full guide, see ",[455,22650,22652],{"href":22651},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[149,22654,22656],{"id":22655},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22658,22659],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,22661,22663],{"className":40,"code":22662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22664,22665,22724,22728,22748,22752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22666,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22702,22704,22706,22708,22711,22713,22715,22717,22720,22722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22668,13254],{"class":53},[47,22670,58],{"class":57},[47,22672,10665],{"class":86},[47,22674,102],{"class":61},[47,22676,4260],{"class":65},[47,22678,102],{"class":61},[47,22680,3062],{"class":86},[47,22682,62],{"class":61},[47,22684,13271],{"class":65},[47,22686,102],{"class":61},[47,22688,309],{"class":86},[47,22690,62],{"class":61},[47,22692,491],{"class":65},[47,22694,102],{"class":61},[47,22696,3062],{"class":86},[47,22698,62],{"class":61},[47,22700,22701],{"class":65},"yellow",[47,22703,102],{"class":61},[47,22705,309],{"class":86},[47,22707,62],{"class":61},[47,22709,22710],{"class":65},"grape",[47,22712,102],{"class":61},[47,22714,3062],{"class":86},[47,22716,62],{"class":61},[47,22718,22719],{"class":65},"purple",[47,22721,102],{"class":61},[47,22723,9483],{"class":86},[47,22725,22726],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22727,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22729,22730,22733,22735,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22731,22732],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22734,58],{"class":57},[47,22736,22737],{"class":1570}," list",[47,22739,87],{"class":86},[47,22741,17680],{"class":90},[47,22743,94],{"class":86},[47,22745,7986],{"class":90},[47,22747,7370],{"class":86},[47,22749,22750],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22751,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22753,22754,22756,22758,22761],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,22755,83],{"class":82},[47,22757,87],{"class":86},[47,22759,22760],{"class":90},"pairs_list",[47,22762,286],{"class":86},[20,22764,22765],{},[3922,22766,814],{},[38,22768,22770],{"className":40,"code":22769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22771,22772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22773,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22775,21917],{"class":86},[47,22777,3479],{"class":61},[47,22779,4260],{"class":65},[47,22781,3479],{"class":61},[47,22783,309],{"class":86},[47,22785,3474],{"class":61},[47,22787,13271],{"class":65},[47,22789,3479],{"class":61},[47,22791,9408],{"class":86},[47,22793,1067],{"class":86},[47,22795,3479],{"class":61},[47,22797,491],{"class":65},[47,22799,3479],{"class":61},[47,22801,309],{"class":86},[47,22803,3474],{"class":61},[47,22805,22701],{"class":65},[47,22807,3479],{"class":61},[47,22809,9408],{"class":86},[47,22811,1067],{"class":86},[47,22813,3479],{"class":61},[47,22815,22710],{"class":65},[47,22817,3479],{"class":61},[47,22819,309],{"class":86},[47,22821,3474],{"class":61},[47,22823,22719],{"class":65},[47,22825,3479],{"class":61},[47,22827,9423],{"class":86},[20,22829,22830],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22832,22833],{},"Use this when:",[162,22835,22836,22839,22842],{},[165,22837,22838],{},"You want clearer printed output",[165,22840,22841],{},"You need list behavior",[165,22843,22844],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[149,22846,22848,10760,22850,10760,22852],{"id":22847},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22849,17257],{},[15,22851,17244],{},[15,22853,17250],{},[20,22855,22856],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[162,22858,22859,22864,22869],{},[165,22860,22861,22863],{},[15,22862,17257],{}," gives both key and value",[165,22865,22866,22868],{},[15,22867,17244],{}," gives only keys",[165,22870,22871,22873],{},[15,22872,17250],{}," gives only values",[20,22875,183],{},[38,22877,22879],{"className":40,"code":22878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22880,22881,22917,22921,22939,22957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22882,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22884,13383],{"class":53},[47,22886,58],{"class":57},[47,22888,10665],{"class":86},[47,22890,102],{"class":61},[47,22892,214],{"class":65},[47,22894,102],{"class":61},[47,22896,3062],{"class":86},[47,22898,62],{"class":61},[47,22900,13058],{"class":65},[47,22902,102],{"class":61},[47,22904,309],{"class":86},[47,22906,62],{"class":61},[47,22908,9473],{"class":65},[47,22910,102],{"class":61},[47,22912,3062],{"class":86},[47,22914,9480],{"class":445},[47,22916,9483],{"class":86},[47,22918,22919],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22920,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,22922,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,22924,83],{"class":82},[47,22926,87],{"class":86},[47,22928,8269],{"class":1570},[47,22930,87],{"class":86},[47,22932,17486],{"class":90},[47,22934,94],{"class":86},[47,22936,17102],{"class":90},[47,22938,6470],{"class":86},[47,22940,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,22942,83],{"class":82},[47,22944,87],{"class":86},[47,22946,8269],{"class":1570},[47,22948,87],{"class":86},[47,22950,17486],{"class":90},[47,22952,94],{"class":86},[47,22954,5538],{"class":90},[47,22956,6470],{"class":86},[47,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,22960,83],{"class":82},[47,22962,87],{"class":86},[47,22964,8269],{"class":1570},[47,22966,87],{"class":86},[47,22968,17486],{"class":90},[47,22970,94],{"class":86},[47,22972,7986],{"class":90},[47,22974,6470],{"class":86},[20,22976,22977],{},[3922,22978,814],{},[38,22980,22982],{"className":40,"code":22981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22983,22984,23004,23020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22985,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22987,4080],{"class":86},[47,22989,3479],{"class":61},[47,22991,214],{"class":65},[47,22993,3479],{"class":61},[47,22995,309],{"class":86},[47,22997,3474],{"class":61},[47,22999,9473],{"class":65},[47,23001,3479],{"class":61},[47,23003,3816],{"class":86},[47,23005,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23007,4080],{"class":86},[47,23009,3479],{"class":61},[47,23011,13058],{"class":65},[47,23013,3479],{"class":61},[47,23015,309],{"class":86},[47,23017,9480],{"class":445},[47,23019,3816],{"class":86},[47,23021,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23023,21917],{"class":86},[47,23025,3479],{"class":61},[47,23027,214],{"class":65},[47,23029,3479],{"class":61},[47,23031,309],{"class":86},[47,23033,3474],{"class":61},[47,23035,13058],{"class":65},[47,23037,3479],{"class":61},[47,23039,9408],{"class":86},[47,23041,1067],{"class":86},[47,23043,3479],{"class":61},[47,23045,9473],{"class":65},[47,23047,3479],{"class":61},[47,23049,309],{"class":86},[47,23051,9480],{"class":445},[47,23053,9423],{"class":86},[20,23055,23056],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[162,23058,23059,23067,23075],{},[165,23060,23061,23062],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[455,23063,23065],{"href":23064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23066,17244],{},[165,23068,23069,23070],{},"Need just values? Use ",[455,23071,23073],{"href":23072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23074,17250],{},[165,23076,23077,23078],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23079,17257],{},[149,23081,1321,23083],{"id":23082},"when-to-use-items",[15,23084,17257],{},[20,23086,23087,23089],{},[15,23088,17257],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[162,23091,23092,23095,23098,23101,23104],{},[165,23093,23094],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[165,23096,23097],{},"Building formatted output",[165,23099,23100],{},"Looping through settings and values",[165,23102,23103],{},"Showing names with scores",[165,23105,23106],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23108,183],{},[38,23110,23112],{"className":40,"code":23111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23113,23114,23122,23140,23159,23171,23175,23179,23200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23115,23116,23118,23120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23117,14005],{"class":53},[47,23119,58],{"class":57},[47,23121,11669],{"class":86},[47,23123,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23125,11674],{"class":61},[47,23127,12672],{"class":65},[47,23129,102],{"class":61},[47,23131,3062],{"class":86},[47,23133,62],{"class":61},[47,23135,12681],{"class":65},[47,23137,102],{"class":61},[47,23139,11690],{"class":86},[47,23141,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23155,23157],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23143,11674],{"class":61},[47,23145,20302],{"class":65},[47,23147,102],{"class":61},[47,23149,3062],{"class":86},[47,23151,62],{"class":61},[47,23153,23154],{"class":65},"English",[47,23156,102],{"class":61},[47,23158,11690],{"class":86},[47,23160,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23162,11674],{"class":61},[47,23164,18703],{"class":65},[47,23166,102],{"class":61},[47,23168,3062],{"class":86},[47,23170,6601],{"class":4032},[47,23172,23173],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,23174,9483],{"class":86},[47,23176,23177],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,23178,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23180,23181,23183,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,23182,6137],{"class":752},[47,23184,23185],{"class":53}," setting",[47,23187,309],{"class":86},[47,23189,21761],{"class":53},[47,23191,1613],{"class":752},[47,23193,14049],{"class":53},[47,23195,94],{"class":86},[47,23197,7986],{"class":90},[47,23199,21772],{"class":86},[47,23201,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23215,23217,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,23203,776],{"class":82},[47,23205,87],{"class":86},[47,23207,22471],{"class":2242},[47,23209,102],{"class":65},[47,23211,9452],{"class":445},[47,23213,23214],{"class":90},"setting",[47,23216,22480],{"class":445},[47,23218,23219],{"class":65}," = ",[47,23221,9452],{"class":445},[47,23223,1587],{"class":90},[47,23225,22480],{"class":445},[47,23227,102],{"class":65},[47,23229,286],{"class":86},[20,23231,23232],{},[3922,23233,814],{},[38,23235,23237],{"className":40,"code":23236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23238,23239,23249,23259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23240,23241,23244,23246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23242,23243],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,23245,58],{"class":57},[47,23247,23248],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,23250,23251,23254,23256],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23252,23253],{"class":53},"language ",[47,23255,58],{"class":57},[47,23257,23258],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,23260,23261,23264,23266],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23262,23263],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,23265,58],{"class":57},[47,23267,6601],{"class":4032},[149,23269,1425],{"id":1424},[20,23271,1428,23272,94],{},[15,23273,17257],{},[469,23275,23277,23278,23280],{"id":23276},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23279,17257],{}," incorrectly",[20,23282,23283,23284,23286,23287,23290],{},"Each result from ",[15,23285,17257],{}," has ",[3922,23288,23289],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23292,6865],{},[38,23294,23295],{"className":40,"code":21707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,23296,23297,23333,23337,23357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23298,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23300,13383],{"class":53},[47,23302,58],{"class":57},[47,23304,10665],{"class":86},[47,23306,102],{"class":61},[47,23308,214],{"class":65},[47,23310,102],{"class":61},[47,23312,3062],{"class":86},[47,23314,62],{"class":61},[47,23316,13058],{"class":65},[47,23318,102],{"class":61},[47,23320,309],{"class":86},[47,23322,62],{"class":61},[47,23324,9473],{"class":65},[47,23326,102],{"class":61},[47,23328,3062],{"class":86},[47,23330,9480],{"class":445},[47,23332,9483],{"class":86},[47,23334,23335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23336,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23338,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23340,6137],{"class":752},[47,23342,21756],{"class":53},[47,23344,309],{"class":86},[47,23346,21761],{"class":53},[47,23348,1613],{"class":752},[47,23350,13426],{"class":53},[47,23352,94],{"class":86},[47,23354,7986],{"class":90},[47,23356,21772],{"class":86},[47,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23360,776],{"class":82},[47,23362,87],{"class":86},[47,23364,15021],{"class":90},[47,23366,309],{"class":86},[47,23368,8608],{"class":90},[47,23370,286],{"class":86},[20,23372,23373],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,23375,23377],{"className":40,"code":23376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23378,23379,23415,23419,23435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23382,13383],{"class":53},[47,23384,58],{"class":57},[47,23386,10665],{"class":86},[47,23388,102],{"class":61},[47,23390,214],{"class":65},[47,23392,102],{"class":61},[47,23394,3062],{"class":86},[47,23396,62],{"class":61},[47,23398,13058],{"class":65},[47,23400,102],{"class":61},[47,23402,309],{"class":86},[47,23404,62],{"class":61},[47,23406,9473],{"class":65},[47,23408,102],{"class":61},[47,23410,3062],{"class":86},[47,23412,9480],{"class":445},[47,23414,9483],{"class":86},[47,23416,23417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23418,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23420,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23422,6137],{"class":752},[47,23424,18387],{"class":53},[47,23426,1613],{"class":752},[47,23428,13426],{"class":53},[47,23430,94],{"class":86},[47,23432,7986],{"class":90},[47,23434,21772],{"class":86},[47,23436,23437,23439,23441,23443],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23438,776],{"class":82},[47,23440,87],{"class":86},[47,23442,15021],{"class":90},[47,23444,286],{"class":86},[20,23446,23447,23448,23450,23451,23454],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23449,15021],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23452,23453],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23456,23457],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,23459,23461],{"className":40,"code":23460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23462,23463,23479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23464,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23466,6137],{"class":752},[47,23468,6140],{"class":53},[47,23470,1613],{"class":752},[47,23472,13426],{"class":53},[47,23474,94],{"class":86},[47,23476,7986],{"class":90},[47,23478,21772],{"class":86},[47,23480,23481,23483,23485,23488],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23482,776],{"class":82},[47,23484,87],{"class":86},[47,23486,23487],{"class":90},"item",[47,23489,286],{"class":86},[20,23491,23492],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,23494,23496],{"className":40,"code":23495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23497,23498,23518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23499,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23501,6137],{"class":752},[47,23503,21756],{"class":53},[47,23505,309],{"class":86},[47,23507,21761],{"class":53},[47,23509,1613],{"class":752},[47,23511,13426],{"class":53},[47,23513,94],{"class":86},[47,23515,7986],{"class":90},[47,23517,21772],{"class":86},[47,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23521,776],{"class":82},[47,23523,87],{"class":86},[47,23525,15021],{"class":90},[47,23527,309],{"class":86},[47,23529,8608],{"class":90},[47,23531,286],{"class":86},[469,23533,8628,23535,23537],{"id":23534},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23536,17257],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23539,23540,22152,23542,23544],{},[15,23541,17257],{},[15,23543,22085],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23546,23547],{},"Check it:",[38,23549,23551],{"className":40,"code":23550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23552,23553,23585,23589,23603,23621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23554,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23556,11901],{"class":53},[47,23558,58],{"class":57},[47,23560,10665],{"class":86},[47,23562,102],{"class":61},[47,23564,455],{"class":65},[47,23566,102],{"class":61},[47,23568,3062],{"class":86},[47,23570,5677],{"class":445},[47,23572,309],{"class":86},[47,23574,62],{"class":61},[47,23576,2014],{"class":65},[47,23578,102],{"class":61},[47,23580,3062],{"class":86},[47,23582,1769],{"class":445},[47,23584,9483],{"class":86},[47,23586,23587],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23588,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23592,83],{"class":82},[47,23594,87],{"class":86},[47,23596,11625],{"class":90},[47,23598,94],{"class":86},[47,23600,7986],{"class":90},[47,23602,7370],{"class":86},[47,23604,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23606,83],{"class":82},[47,23608,87],{"class":86},[47,23610,1872],{"class":1570},[47,23612,87],{"class":86},[47,23614,11625],{"class":90},[47,23616,94],{"class":86},[47,23618,7986],{"class":90},[47,23620,6470],{"class":86},[47,23622,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,23624,83],{"class":82},[47,23626,87],{"class":86},[47,23628,8269],{"class":1570},[47,23630,87],{"class":86},[47,23632,11625],{"class":90},[47,23634,94],{"class":86},[47,23636,7986],{"class":90},[47,23638,6470],{"class":86},[20,23640,23641],{},[3922,23642,814],{},[38,23644,23646],{"className":40,"code":23645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23647,23648,23680,23694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23649,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23651,22085],{"class":90},[47,23653,9831],{"class":86},[47,23655,3479],{"class":61},[47,23657,455],{"class":65},[47,23659,3479],{"class":61},[47,23661,309],{"class":86},[47,23663,5677],{"class":445},[47,23665,9408],{"class":86},[47,23667,1067],{"class":86},[47,23669,3479],{"class":61},[47,23671,2014],{"class":65},[47,23673,3479],{"class":61},[47,23675,309],{"class":86},[47,23677,1769],{"class":445},[47,23679,10854],{"class":86},[47,23681,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23683,3468],{"class":57},[47,23685,3471],{"class":2242},[47,23687,3474],{"class":61},[47,23689,22085],{"class":65},[47,23691,3479],{"class":61},[47,23693,3482],{"class":57},[47,23695,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23697,21917],{"class":86},[47,23699,3479],{"class":61},[47,23701,455],{"class":65},[47,23703,3479],{"class":61},[47,23705,309],{"class":86},[47,23707,5677],{"class":445},[47,23709,9408],{"class":86},[47,23711,1067],{"class":86},[47,23713,3479],{"class":61},[47,23715,2014],{"class":65},[47,23717,3479],{"class":61},[47,23719,309],{"class":86},[47,23721,1769],{"class":445},[47,23723,9423],{"class":86},[469,23725,23727,23728],{"id":23726},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23729,17257],{},[20,23731,23732],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23734,23735],{},"Problem example:",[38,23737,23739],{"className":40,"code":23738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23740,23741,23785,23789,23809,23821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23742,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23744,3798],{"class":53},[47,23746,58],{"class":57},[47,23748,10665],{"class":86},[47,23750,102],{"class":61},[47,23752,455],{"class":65},[47,23754,102],{"class":61},[47,23756,3062],{"class":86},[47,23758,5677],{"class":445},[47,23760,309],{"class":86},[47,23762,62],{"class":61},[47,23764,2014],{"class":65},[47,23766,102],{"class":61},[47,23768,3062],{"class":86},[47,23770,1769],{"class":445},[47,23772,309],{"class":86},[47,23774,62],{"class":61},[47,23776,9913],{"class":65},[47,23778,102],{"class":61},[47,23780,3062],{"class":86},[47,23782,2630],{"class":445},[47,23784,9483],{"class":86},[47,23786,23787],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23788,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23790,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23792,6137],{"class":752},[47,23794,21756],{"class":53},[47,23796,309],{"class":86},[47,23798,21761],{"class":53},[47,23800,1613],{"class":752},[47,23802,4444],{"class":53},[47,23804,94],{"class":86},[47,23806,7986],{"class":90},[47,23808,21772],{"class":86},[47,23810,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23812,6577],{"class":752},[47,23814,21761],{"class":53},[47,23816,4871],{"class":57},[47,23818,1769],{"class":445},[47,23820,795],{"class":86},[47,23822,23823,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,23824,23825],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23827,4080],{"class":86},[47,23829,102],{"class":61},[47,23831,18946],{"class":65},[47,23833,102],{"class":61},[47,23835,13452],{"class":86},[47,23837,13455],{"class":57},[47,23839,23840],{"class":445}," 4\n",[20,23842,23843],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23845,23846],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,23848,23850],{"className":40,"code":23849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23851,23852,23896,23900,23925,23937,23955,23959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23853,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23855,3798],{"class":53},[47,23857,58],{"class":57},[47,23859,10665],{"class":86},[47,23861,102],{"class":61},[47,23863,455],{"class":65},[47,23865,102],{"class":61},[47,23867,3062],{"class":86},[47,23869,5677],{"class":445},[47,23871,309],{"class":86},[47,23873,62],{"class":61},[47,23875,2014],{"class":65},[47,23877,102],{"class":61},[47,23879,3062],{"class":86},[47,23881,1769],{"class":445},[47,23883,309],{"class":86},[47,23885,62],{"class":61},[47,23887,9913],{"class":65},[47,23889,102],{"class":61},[47,23891,3062],{"class":86},[47,23893,2630],{"class":445},[47,23895,9483],{"class":86},[47,23897,23898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23899,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23901,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,23903,6137],{"class":752},[47,23905,21756],{"class":53},[47,23907,309],{"class":86},[47,23909,21761],{"class":53},[47,23911,1613],{"class":752},[47,23913,22737],{"class":1570},[47,23915,87],{"class":86},[47,23917,3830],{"class":90},[47,23919,94],{"class":86},[47,23921,7986],{"class":90},[47,23923,23924],{"class":86},"()):\n",[47,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,23928,6577],{"class":752},[47,23930,21761],{"class":53},[47,23932,4871],{"class":57},[47,23934,1769],{"class":445},[47,23936,795],{"class":86},[47,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,23940,23825],{"class":53},[47,23942,4080],{"class":86},[47,23944,102],{"class":61},[47,23946,18946],{"class":65},[47,23948,102],{"class":61},[47,23950,13452],{"class":86},[47,23952,13455],{"class":57},[47,23954,23840],{"class":445},[47,23956,23957],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,23958,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,23960,23961,23963,23965,23967],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,23962,83],{"class":82},[47,23964,87],{"class":86},[47,23966,3830],{"class":90},[47,23968,286],{"class":86},[469,23970,23972],{"id":23971},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23974,23975],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,23977,23979],{"className":40,"code":23978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23980,23981,24013,24017,24033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23982,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23984,9340],{"class":53},[47,23986,58],{"class":57},[47,23988,10665],{"class":86},[47,23990,102],{"class":61},[47,23992,2350],{"class":65},[47,23994,102],{"class":61},[47,23996,3062],{"class":86},[47,23998,6184],{"class":445},[47,24000,309],{"class":86},[47,24002,62],{"class":61},[47,24004,11922],{"class":65},[47,24006,102],{"class":61},[47,24008,3062],{"class":86},[47,24010,7966],{"class":445},[47,24012,9483],{"class":86},[47,24014,24015],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24016,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,24018,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,24020,6137],{"class":752},[47,24022,6140],{"class":53},[47,24024,1613],{"class":752},[47,24026,14746],{"class":53},[47,24028,94],{"class":86},[47,24030,7986],{"class":90},[47,24032,21772],{"class":86},[47,24034,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,24036,776],{"class":82},[47,24038,87],{"class":86},[47,24040,23487],{"class":90},[47,24042,286],{"class":86},[20,24044,24045],{},[3922,24046,814],{},[38,24048,24050],{"className":40,"code":24049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24051,24052,24068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24053,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24055,87],{"class":86},[47,24057,3479],{"class":61},[47,24059,2350],{"class":65},[47,24061,3479],{"class":61},[47,24063,309],{"class":86},[47,24065,6184],{"class":445},[47,24067,286],{"class":86},[47,24069,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24071,87],{"class":86},[47,24073,3479],{"class":61},[47,24075,11922],{"class":65},[47,24077,3479],{"class":61},[47,24079,309],{"class":86},[47,24081,7966],{"class":445},[47,24083,286],{"class":86},[20,24085,24086,24087,24089],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24088,21832],{}," pair.",[149,24091,1962],{"id":1961},[469,24093,24095,24096,5326],{"id":24094},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24097,17257],{},[20,24099,17599,24100,24102],{},[15,24101,22085],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[469,24104,1966,24106,24108],{"id":24105},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24107,17257],{}," return a list?",[20,24110,24111,24112,24115],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24113,24114],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[469,24117,24119,24120,2037],{"id":24118},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24121,17257],{},[20,24123,24124],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,24126,24128],{"className":40,"code":24127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24129,24130,24150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24131,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24133,6137],{"class":752},[47,24135,21756],{"class":53},[47,24137,309],{"class":86},[47,24139,21761],{"class":53},[47,24141,1613],{"class":752},[47,24143,11943],{"class":53},[47,24145,94],{"class":86},[47,24147,7986],{"class":90},[47,24149,21772],{"class":86},[47,24151,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24153,776],{"class":82},[47,24155,87],{"class":86},[47,24157,15021],{"class":90},[47,24159,309],{"class":86},[47,24161,8608],{"class":90},[47,24163,286],{"class":86},[469,24165,1966,24167,24169],{"id":24166},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24168,17257],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24171,24172],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[149,24174,2062],{"id":2061},[162,24176,24177,24183,24189,24194,24198],{},[165,24178,24179],{},[455,24180,10912,24181,1168],{"href":23064},[15,24182,17244],{},[165,24184,24185],{},[455,24186,10912,24187,1168],{"href":23072},[15,24188,17250],{},[165,24190,24191],{},[455,24192,24193],{"href":22651},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[165,24195,24196],{},[455,24197,9330],{"href":13201},[165,24199,24200],{},[455,24201,24202],{"href":21955},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2093,24204,24205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":24207},[24208,24209,24211,24212,24213,24215,24216,24218,24220,24229,24239],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":21815,"depth":72,"text":24210},"What items() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":22146,"depth":72,"text":22147},{"id":22372,"depth":72,"text":24214},"Looping with items()",{"id":22655,"depth":72,"text":22656},{"id":22847,"depth":72,"text":24217},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23082,"depth":72,"text":24219},"When to use items()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":24221},[24222,24224,24226,24228],{"id":23276,"depth":79,"text":24223},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23534,"depth":79,"text":24225},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23726,"depth":79,"text":24227},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23971,"depth":79,"text":23972},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":24230},[24231,24233,24235,24237],{"id":24094,"depth":79,"text":24232},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24105,"depth":79,"text":24234},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24118,"depth":79,"text":24236},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24166,"depth":79,"text":24238},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21683,"description":24240},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24247,"title":24248,"body":24249,"description":26340,"extension":2138,"meta":26341,"navigation":75,"path":23064,"seo":26342,"stem":26343,"__hash__":26344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24250,"toc":26306},[24251,24256,24262,24265,24276,24283,24285,24368,24372,24419,24424,24429,24434,24436,24452,24454,24553,24557,24614,24617,24619,24622,24715,24719,24782,24785,24801,24806,24808,24810,24825,24827,24838,24840,24883,24886,24930,24933,24935,24942,24945,24962,24964,25057,25061,25102,25114,25118,25121,25209,25213,25233,25236,25263,25270,25275,25279,25290,25292,25396,25400,25426,25429,25496,25501,25504,25527,25532,25536,25541,25547,25552,25554,25609,25613,25640,25647,25653,25656,25681,25687,25713,25716,25791,25798,25803,25805,25844,25862,25866,25869,25912,25915,25917,25936,25938,25943,25968,25971,26041,26044,26117,26121,26123,26184,26187,26203,26205,26210,26215,26222,26231,26237,26243,26250,26256,26260,26265,26267,26303],[10,24252,11494,24254,18],{"id":24253},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24255,17244],{},[20,24257,24258,24259,24261],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24260,17244],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24263,24264],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[162,24266,24267,24270,24273],{},[165,24268,24269],{},"view the available keys",[165,24271,24272],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[165,24274,24275],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24277,24278,24280,24281,94],{},[15,24279,17244],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24282,17193],{},[149,24284,2179],{"id":2178},[38,24286,24288],{"className":40,"code":24287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24289,24290,24326,24340,24344,24354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24291,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24293,13041],{"class":53},[47,24295,58],{"class":57},[47,24297,10665],{"class":86},[47,24299,102],{"class":61},[47,24301,214],{"class":65},[47,24303,102],{"class":61},[47,24305,3062],{"class":86},[47,24307,62],{"class":61},[47,24309,13058],{"class":65},[47,24311,102],{"class":61},[47,24313,309],{"class":86},[47,24315,62],{"class":61},[47,24317,9473],{"class":65},[47,24319,102],{"class":61},[47,24321,3062],{"class":86},[47,24323,7966],{"class":445},[47,24325,9483],{"class":86},[47,24327,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24329,17421],{"class":53},[47,24331,58],{"class":57},[47,24333,13084],{"class":53},[47,24335,94],{"class":86},[47,24337,17102],{"class":90},[47,24339,8817],{"class":86},[47,24341,24342],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,24343,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,24345,24346,24348,24350,24352],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,24347,83],{"class":82},[47,24349,87],{"class":86},[47,24351,17102],{"class":90},[47,24353,286],{"class":86},[47,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,24357,83],{"class":82},[47,24359,87],{"class":86},[47,24361,8269],{"class":1570},[47,24363,87],{"class":86},[47,24365,17102],{"class":90},[47,24367,1879],{"class":86},[20,24369,24370],{},[3922,24371,814],{},[38,24373,24375],{"className":40,"code":24374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24376,24377,24399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24378,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24380,17193],{"class":90},[47,24382,3163],{"class":86},[47,24384,3479],{"class":61},[47,24386,214],{"class":65},[47,24388,3479],{"class":61},[47,24390,309],{"class":86},[47,24392,3474],{"class":61},[47,24394,9473],{"class":65},[47,24396,3479],{"class":61},[47,24398,4068],{"class":86},[47,24400,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24402,4080],{"class":86},[47,24404,3479],{"class":61},[47,24406,214],{"class":65},[47,24408,3479],{"class":61},[47,24410,309],{"class":86},[47,24412,3474],{"class":61},[47,24414,9473],{"class":65},[47,24416,3479],{"class":61},[47,24418,3816],{"class":86},[20,24420,144,24421,24423],{},[15,24422,17244],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[149,24425,152,24427,155],{"id":24426},"what-keys-does",[15,24428,17244],{},[20,24430,24431,24433],{},[15,24432,17244],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24435,11634],{},[162,24437,24438,24441,24444,24449],{},[165,24439,24440],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[165,24442,24443],{},"It does not need any arguments",[165,24445,17599,24446,24448],{},[15,24447,17193],{}," view object, not a list",[165,24450,24451],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24453,183],{},[38,24455,24457],{"className":40,"code":24456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24458,24459,24495,24499,24513,24517,24539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24460,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24462,13383],{"class":53},[47,24464,58],{"class":57},[47,24466,10665],{"class":86},[47,24468,102],{"class":61},[47,24470,214],{"class":65},[47,24472,102],{"class":61},[47,24474,3062],{"class":86},[47,24476,62],{"class":61},[47,24478,13400],{"class":65},[47,24480,102],{"class":61},[47,24482,309],{"class":86},[47,24484,62],{"class":61},[47,24486,9473],{"class":65},[47,24488,102],{"class":61},[47,24490,3062],{"class":86},[47,24492,9480],{"class":445},[47,24494,9483],{"class":86},[47,24496,24497],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24498,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,24500,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,24502,83],{"class":82},[47,24504,87],{"class":86},[47,24506,17486],{"class":90},[47,24508,94],{"class":86},[47,24510,17102],{"class":90},[47,24512,7370],{"class":86},[47,24514,24515],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,24516,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,24518,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,24520,17486],{"class":53},[47,24522,4080],{"class":86},[47,24524,102],{"class":61},[47,24526,10583],{"class":65},[47,24528,102],{"class":61},[47,24530,13452],{"class":86},[47,24532,13455],{"class":57},[47,24534,62],{"class":61},[47,24536,10590],{"class":65},[47,24538,69],{"class":61},[47,24540,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,24542,83],{"class":82},[47,24544,87],{"class":86},[47,24546,17486],{"class":90},[47,24548,94],{"class":86},[47,24550,17102],{"class":90},[47,24552,7370],{"class":86},[20,24554,24555],{},[3922,24556,814],{},[38,24558,24560],{"className":40,"code":24559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24561,24562,24584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24563,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24565,17193],{"class":90},[47,24567,3163],{"class":86},[47,24569,3479],{"class":61},[47,24571,214],{"class":65},[47,24573,3479],{"class":61},[47,24575,309],{"class":86},[47,24577,3474],{"class":61},[47,24579,9473],{"class":65},[47,24581,3479],{"class":61},[47,24583,4068],{"class":86},[47,24585,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24587,17193],{"class":90},[47,24589,3163],{"class":86},[47,24591,3479],{"class":61},[47,24593,214],{"class":65},[47,24595,3479],{"class":61},[47,24597,309],{"class":86},[47,24599,3474],{"class":61},[47,24601,9473],{"class":65},[47,24603,3479],{"class":61},[47,24605,309],{"class":86},[47,24607,3474],{"class":61},[47,24609,10583],{"class":65},[47,24611,3479],{"class":61},[47,24613,4068],{"class":86},[20,24615,24616],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[149,24618,5966],{"id":5965},[20,24620,24621],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,24623,24625],{"className":40,"code":24624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24626,24627,24679,24683,24697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24630,9340],{"class":53},[47,24632,58],{"class":57},[47,24634,10665],{"class":86},[47,24636,102],{"class":61},[47,24638,214],{"class":65},[47,24640,102],{"class":61},[47,24642,3062],{"class":86},[47,24644,62],{"class":61},[47,24646,13058],{"class":65},[47,24648,102],{"class":61},[47,24650,309],{"class":86},[47,24652,62],{"class":61},[47,24654,9473],{"class":65},[47,24656,102],{"class":61},[47,24658,3062],{"class":86},[47,24660,7966],{"class":445},[47,24662,309],{"class":86},[47,24664,62],{"class":61},[47,24666,20070],{"class":65},[47,24668,102],{"class":61},[47,24670,3062],{"class":86},[47,24672,62],{"class":61},[47,24674,22422],{"class":65},[47,24676,102],{"class":61},[47,24678,9483],{"class":86},[47,24680,24681],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24682,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,24684,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,24686,83],{"class":82},[47,24688,87],{"class":86},[47,24690,9379],{"class":90},[47,24692,94],{"class":86},[47,24694,17102],{"class":90},[47,24696,7370],{"class":86},[47,24698,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,24700,83],{"class":82},[47,24702,87],{"class":86},[47,24704,8269],{"class":1570},[47,24706,87],{"class":86},[47,24708,9379],{"class":90},[47,24710,94],{"class":86},[47,24712,17102],{"class":90},[47,24714,6470],{"class":86},[20,24716,24717],{},[3922,24718,814],{},[38,24720,24722],{"className":40,"code":24721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24723,24724,24754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24725,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24727,17193],{"class":90},[47,24729,3163],{"class":86},[47,24731,3479],{"class":61},[47,24733,214],{"class":65},[47,24735,3479],{"class":61},[47,24737,309],{"class":86},[47,24739,3474],{"class":61},[47,24741,9473],{"class":65},[47,24743,3479],{"class":61},[47,24745,309],{"class":86},[47,24747,3474],{"class":61},[47,24749,20070],{"class":65},[47,24751,3479],{"class":61},[47,24753,4068],{"class":86},[47,24755,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24757,4080],{"class":86},[47,24759,3479],{"class":61},[47,24761,214],{"class":65},[47,24763,3479],{"class":61},[47,24765,309],{"class":86},[47,24767,3474],{"class":61},[47,24769,9473],{"class":65},[47,24771,3479],{"class":61},[47,24773,309],{"class":86},[47,24775,3474],{"class":61},[47,24777,20070],{"class":65},[47,24779,3479],{"class":61},[47,24781,3816],{"class":86},[20,24783,24784],{},"This shows two things:",[162,24786,24787,24795],{},[165,24788,24789,22152,24792,24794],{},[15,24790,24791],{},"data.keys()",[15,24793,17193],{}," object",[165,24796,24797,24800],{},[15,24798,24799],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24802,9326,24803,94],{},[455,24804,24805],{"href":9564},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[149,24807,5610],{"id":5609},[20,24809,2336],{},[38,24811,24813],{"className":40,"code":24812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24814,24815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24816,24817,24819,24821,24823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24818,11625],{"class":53},[47,24820,94],{"class":86},[47,24822,17102],{"class":90},[47,24824,8817],{"class":86},[20,24826,21977],{},[162,24828,24829,24832,24835],{},[165,24830,24831],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[165,24833,24834],{},"It takes no parameters",[165,24836,24837],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24839,1795],{},[38,24841,24843],{"className":40,"code":24842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24844,24845,24869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24846,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24848,13041],{"class":53},[47,24850,58],{"class":57},[47,24852,10665],{"class":86},[47,24854,102],{"class":61},[47,24856,214],{"class":65},[47,24858,102],{"class":61},[47,24860,3062],{"class":86},[47,24862,62],{"class":61},[47,24864,13058],{"class":65},[47,24866,102],{"class":61},[47,24868,9483],{"class":86},[47,24870,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24872,83],{"class":82},[47,24874,87],{"class":86},[47,24876,13805],{"class":90},[47,24878,94],{"class":86},[47,24880,17102],{"class":90},[47,24882,7370],{"class":86},[20,24884,24885],{},"Incorrect:",[38,24887,24889],{"className":40,"code":24888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24890,24891,24915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24892,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24894,13041],{"class":53},[47,24896,58],{"class":57},[47,24898,10665],{"class":86},[47,24900,102],{"class":61},[47,24902,214],{"class":65},[47,24904,102],{"class":61},[47,24906,3062],{"class":86},[47,24908,62],{"class":61},[47,24910,13058],{"class":65},[47,24912,102],{"class":61},[47,24914,9483],{"class":86},[47,24916,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24918,83],{"class":82},[47,24920,87],{"class":86},[47,24922,13805],{"class":90},[47,24924,94],{"class":86},[47,24926,17102],{"class":24927},"skxfh",[47,24929,286],{"class":86},[20,24931,24932],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[149,24934,700],{"id":699},[20,24936,24937,22152,24939,24941],{},[15,24938,17244],{},[15,24940,17193],{}," object.",[20,24943,24944],{},"This object:",[162,24946,24947,24950,24953,24959],{},[165,24948,24949],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[165,24951,24952],{},"can be used in a loop",[165,24954,24955,24956],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24957,24958],{},"list()",[165,24960,24961],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24963,183],{},[38,24965,24967],{"className":40,"code":24966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24968,24969,25010,25014,25029,25033,25043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24970,24971,24974,24976,24978,24980,24983,24985,24987,24989,24992,24994,24996,24998,25001,25003,25005,25008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24972,24973],{"class":53},"car ",[47,24975,58],{"class":57},[47,24977,10665],{"class":86},[47,24979,102],{"class":61},[47,24981,24982],{"class":65},"brand",[47,24984,102],{"class":61},[47,24986,3062],{"class":86},[47,24988,62],{"class":61},[47,24990,24991],{"class":65},"Toyota",[47,24993,102],{"class":61},[47,24995,309],{"class":86},[47,24997,62],{"class":61},[47,24999,25000],{"class":65},"year",[47,25002,102],{"class":61},[47,25004,3062],{"class":86},[47,25006,25007],{"class":445}," 2020",[47,25009,9483],{"class":86},[47,25011,25012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25013,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25015,25016,25018,25020,25023,25025,25027],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25017,2407],{"class":53},[47,25019,58],{"class":57},[47,25021,25022],{"class":53}," car",[47,25024,94],{"class":86},[47,25026,17102],{"class":90},[47,25028,8817],{"class":86},[47,25030,25031],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,25032,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25034,25035,25037,25039,25041],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,25036,83],{"class":82},[47,25038,87],{"class":86},[47,25040,2442],{"class":90},[47,25042,286],{"class":86},[47,25044,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,25046,83],{"class":82},[47,25048,87],{"class":86},[47,25050,1872],{"class":1570},[47,25052,87],{"class":86},[47,25054,2442],{"class":90},[47,25056,1879],{"class":86},[20,25058,25059],{},[3922,25060,814],{},[38,25062,25064],{"className":40,"code":25063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25065,25066,25088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25067,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25069,17193],{"class":90},[47,25071,3163],{"class":86},[47,25073,3479],{"class":61},[47,25075,24982],{"class":65},[47,25077,3479],{"class":61},[47,25079,309],{"class":86},[47,25081,3474],{"class":61},[47,25083,25000],{"class":65},[47,25085,3479],{"class":61},[47,25087,4068],{"class":86},[47,25089,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25091,3468],{"class":57},[47,25093,3471],{"class":2242},[47,25095,3474],{"class":61},[47,25097,17193],{"class":65},[47,25099,3479],{"class":61},[47,25101,3482],{"class":57},[20,25103,25104,25105,25109,25110,94],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[455,25106,10912,25107,1168],{"href":17247},[15,25108,17250],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[455,25111,10912,25112,1168],{"href":17254},[15,25113,17257],{},[149,25115,25117],{"id":25116},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25119,25120],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,25122,25124],{"className":40,"code":25123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25125,25126,25179,25183,25199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25127,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25175,25177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25129,13041],{"class":53},[47,25131,58],{"class":57},[47,25133,10665],{"class":86},[47,25135,102],{"class":61},[47,25137,214],{"class":65},[47,25139,102],{"class":61},[47,25141,3062],{"class":86},[47,25143,62],{"class":61},[47,25145,13058],{"class":65},[47,25147,102],{"class":61},[47,25149,309],{"class":86},[47,25151,62],{"class":61},[47,25153,9473],{"class":65},[47,25155,102],{"class":61},[47,25157,3062],{"class":86},[47,25159,7966],{"class":445},[47,25161,309],{"class":86},[47,25163,62],{"class":61},[47,25165,15508],{"class":65},[47,25167,102],{"class":61},[47,25169,3062],{"class":86},[47,25171,62],{"class":61},[47,25173,25174],{"class":65},"Math",[47,25176,102],{"class":61},[47,25178,9483],{"class":86},[47,25180,25181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25182,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25186,6137],{"class":752},[47,25188,18387],{"class":53},[47,25190,1613],{"class":752},[47,25192,13084],{"class":53},[47,25194,94],{"class":86},[47,25196,17102],{"class":90},[47,25198,21772],{"class":86},[47,25200,25201,25203,25205,25207],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,25202,776],{"class":82},[47,25204,87],{"class":86},[47,25206,15021],{"class":90},[47,25208,286],{"class":86},[20,25210,25211],{},[3922,25212,814],{},[38,25214,25216],{"className":40,"code":25215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25217,25218,25223,25228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25219,25220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25221,25222],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,25224,25225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25226,25227],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,25229,25230],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25231,25232],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,25234,25235],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,25237,25239],{"className":40,"code":25238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25240,25241,25253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25242,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25244,6137],{"class":752},[47,25246,18387],{"class":53},[47,25248,1613],{"class":752},[47,25250,13084],{"class":53},[47,25252,795],{"class":86},[47,25254,25255,25257,25259,25261],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25256,776],{"class":82},[47,25258,87],{"class":86},[47,25260,15021],{"class":90},[47,25262,286],{"class":86},[20,25264,25265,25266,25269],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25267,25268],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[149,25271,1321,25273],{"id":25272},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25274,17244],{},[20,25276,144,25277,10776],{},[15,25278,17244],{},[162,25280,25281,25284,25287],{},[165,25282,25283],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[165,25285,25286],{},"you want to display available fields",[165,25288,25289],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25291,183],{},[38,25293,25295],{"className":40,"code":25294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25296,25297,25350,25354,25369,25386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25298,25299,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25319,25321,25323,25325,25328,25330,25332,25335,25337,25339,25342,25344,25346,25348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25300,25301],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25303,58],{"class":57},[47,25305,10665],{"class":86},[47,25307,102],{"class":61},[47,25309,214],{"class":65},[47,25311,102],{"class":61},[47,25313,3062],{"class":86},[47,25315,62],{"class":61},[47,25317,25318],{"class":65},"Book",[47,25320,102],{"class":61},[47,25322,309],{"class":86},[47,25324,62],{"class":61},[47,25326,25327],{"class":65},"price",[47,25329,102],{"class":61},[47,25331,3062],{"class":86},[47,25333,25334],{"class":445}," 12.99",[47,25336,309],{"class":86},[47,25338,62],{"class":61},[47,25340,25341],{"class":65},"stock",[47,25343,102],{"class":61},[47,25345,3062],{"class":86},[47,25347,4787],{"class":445},[47,25349,9483],{"class":86},[47,25351,25352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25353,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25355,25356,25358,25360,25362,25365,25367],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25357,83],{"class":82},[47,25359,87],{"class":86},[47,25361,102],{"class":61},[47,25363,25364],{"class":65},"Available fields:",[47,25366,102],{"class":61},[47,25368,286],{"class":86},[47,25370,25371,25373,25375,25377,25380,25382,25384],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,25372,6137],{"class":752},[47,25374,18387],{"class":53},[47,25376,1613],{"class":752},[47,25378,25379],{"class":53}," product",[47,25381,94],{"class":86},[47,25383,17102],{"class":90},[47,25385,21772],{"class":86},[47,25387,25388,25390,25392,25394],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,25389,776],{"class":82},[47,25391,87],{"class":86},[47,25393,15021],{"class":90},[47,25395,286],{"class":86},[20,25397,25398],{},[3922,25399,814],{},[38,25401,25403],{"className":40,"code":25402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25404,25405,25412,25416,25421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25406,25407,25410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25408,25409],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25411,795],{"class":86},[47,25413,25414],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25415,25222],{"class":53},[47,25417,25418],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25419,25420],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25422,25423],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,25424,25425],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,25427,25428],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,25430,25432],{"className":40,"code":25431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25433,25434,25470,25474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25435,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25437,25301],{"class":53},[47,25439,58],{"class":57},[47,25441,10665],{"class":86},[47,25443,102],{"class":61},[47,25445,214],{"class":65},[47,25447,102],{"class":61},[47,25449,3062],{"class":86},[47,25451,62],{"class":61},[47,25453,25318],{"class":65},[47,25455,102],{"class":61},[47,25457,309],{"class":86},[47,25459,62],{"class":61},[47,25461,25327],{"class":65},[47,25463,102],{"class":61},[47,25465,3062],{"class":86},[47,25467,25334],{"class":445},[47,25469,9483],{"class":86},[47,25471,25472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25473,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25475,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25477,83],{"class":82},[47,25479,87],{"class":86},[47,25481,102],{"class":61},[47,25483,214],{"class":65},[47,25485,102],{"class":61},[47,25487,1690],{"class":752},[47,25489,25379],{"class":90},[47,25491,94],{"class":86},[47,25493,17102],{"class":90},[47,25495,7370],{"class":86},[20,25497,25498,25499,94],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25500,31],{},[20,25502,25503],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,25505,25507],{"className":40,"code":25506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25508,25509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25512,83],{"class":82},[47,25514,87],{"class":86},[47,25516,102],{"class":61},[47,25518,214],{"class":65},[47,25520,102],{"class":61},[47,25522,1690],{"class":752},[47,25524,25379],{"class":90},[47,25526,286],{"class":86},[20,25528,25529,25530,94],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[455,25531,21383],{"href":17332},[149,25533,25535],{"id":25534},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25537,25538,25539,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25540,17244],{},[469,25542,8628,25544,25546],{"id":25543},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25545,17244],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25548,25549,25551],{},[15,25550,17244],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25553,183],{},[38,25555,25557],{"className":40,"code":25556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25558,25559,25595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25562,9340],{"class":53},[47,25564,58],{"class":57},[47,25566,10665],{"class":86},[47,25568,102],{"class":61},[47,25570,214],{"class":65},[47,25572,102],{"class":61},[47,25574,3062],{"class":86},[47,25576,62],{"class":61},[47,25578,13058],{"class":65},[47,25580,102],{"class":61},[47,25582,309],{"class":86},[47,25584,62],{"class":61},[47,25586,9473],{"class":65},[47,25588,102],{"class":61},[47,25590,3062],{"class":86},[47,25592,7966],{"class":445},[47,25594,9483],{"class":86},[47,25596,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25598,83],{"class":82},[47,25600,87],{"class":86},[47,25602,9379],{"class":90},[47,25604,94],{"class":86},[47,25606,17102],{"class":90},[47,25608,7370],{"class":86},[20,25610,25611],{},[3922,25612,814],{},[38,25614,25616],{"className":40,"code":25615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25617,25618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25619,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25621,17193],{"class":90},[47,25623,3163],{"class":86},[47,25625,3479],{"class":61},[47,25627,214],{"class":65},[47,25629,3479],{"class":61},[47,25631,309],{"class":86},[47,25633,3474],{"class":61},[47,25635,9473],{"class":65},[47,25637,3479],{"class":61},[47,25639,4068],{"class":86},[20,25641,25642,25643,94],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[455,25644,25645],{"href":17254},[15,25646,17257],{},[469,25648,25650,25651],{"id":25649},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25652,17193],{},[20,25654,25655],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,25657,25659],{"className":40,"code":25658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25660,25661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25662,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25664,4080],{"class":86},[47,25666,3479],{"class":61},[47,25668,214],{"class":65},[47,25670,3479],{"class":61},[47,25672,309],{"class":86},[47,25674,3474],{"class":61},[47,25676,9473],{"class":65},[47,25678,3479],{"class":61},[47,25680,3816],{"class":86},[20,25682,25683,25684,25686],{},"But ",[15,25685,17244],{}," returns:",[38,25688,25689],{"className":40,"code":25615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,25690,25691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25692,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25694,17193],{"class":90},[47,25696,3163],{"class":86},[47,25698,3479],{"class":61},[47,25700,214],{"class":65},[47,25702,3479],{"class":61},[47,25704,309],{"class":86},[47,25706,3474],{"class":61},[47,25708,9473],{"class":65},[47,25710,3479],{"class":61},[47,25712,4068],{"class":86},[20,25714,25715],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,25717,25719],{"className":40,"code":25718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25720,25721,25757,25776,25780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25722,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25724,9340],{"class":53},[47,25726,58],{"class":57},[47,25728,10665],{"class":86},[47,25730,102],{"class":61},[47,25732,214],{"class":65},[47,25734,102],{"class":61},[47,25736,3062],{"class":86},[47,25738,62],{"class":61},[47,25740,13058],{"class":65},[47,25742,102],{"class":61},[47,25744,309],{"class":86},[47,25746,62],{"class":61},[47,25748,9473],{"class":65},[47,25750,102],{"class":61},[47,25752,3062],{"class":86},[47,25754,7966],{"class":445},[47,25756,9483],{"class":86},[47,25758,25759,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25760,25761],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25763,58],{"class":57},[47,25765,22737],{"class":1570},[47,25767,87],{"class":86},[47,25769,9379],{"class":90},[47,25771,94],{"class":86},[47,25773,17102],{"class":90},[47,25775,7370],{"class":86},[47,25777,25778],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,25779,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,25781,25782,25784,25786,25789],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,25783,83],{"class":82},[47,25785,87],{"class":86},[47,25787,25788],{"class":90},"key_list",[47,25790,286],{"class":86},[469,25792,25794,25795,25797],{"id":25793},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25796,17244],{}," on a list or string",[20,25799,25800,25802],{},[15,25801,17244],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25804,3014],{},[38,25806,25808],{"className":40,"code":25807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25809,25810,25830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25811,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25813,3798],{"class":53},[47,25815,58],{"class":57},[47,25817,3803],{"class":86},[47,25819,1598],{"class":445},[47,25821,309],{"class":86},[47,25823,1769],{"class":445},[47,25825,309],{"class":86},[47,25827,2630],{"class":445},[47,25829,3816],{"class":86},[47,25831,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25833,83],{"class":82},[47,25835,87],{"class":86},[47,25837,3830],{"class":90},[47,25839,94],{"class":86},[47,25841,17102],{"class":90},[47,25843,7370],{"class":86},[20,25845,25846,25847,25850,25851,25853,25854,94],{},"You may get an ",[15,25848,25849],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25852,17244],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[455,25855,25857,25858,25861],{"href":25856},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25859,25860],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[469,25863,25865],{"id":25864},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25867,25868],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,25870,25872],{"className":40,"code":25871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25873,25874,25898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25875,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25877,9340],{"class":53},[47,25879,58],{"class":57},[47,25881,10665],{"class":86},[47,25883,102],{"class":61},[47,25885,214],{"class":65},[47,25887,102],{"class":61},[47,25889,3062],{"class":86},[47,25891,62],{"class":61},[47,25893,13058],{"class":65},[47,25895,102],{"class":61},[47,25897,9483],{"class":86},[47,25899,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25901,83],{"class":82},[47,25903,87],{"class":86},[47,25905,9379],{"class":90},[47,25907,94],{"class":86},[47,25909,17102],{"class":24927},[47,25911,286],{"class":86},[20,25913,25914],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25916,18873],{},[38,25918,25920],{"className":40,"code":25919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25921,25922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25923,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25925,83],{"class":82},[47,25927,87],{"class":86},[47,25929,9379],{"class":90},[47,25931,94],{"class":86},[47,25933,17102],{"class":90},[47,25935,7370],{"class":86},[149,25937,1425],{"id":1424},[20,25939,25940,25941,3062],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25942,17244],{},[162,25944,25945,25950,25956,25962],{},[165,25946,831,25947,25949],{},[15,25948,17244],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[165,25951,25952,25953,25955],{},"Thinking ",[15,25954,17244],{}," returns values too",[165,25957,25958,25959,25961],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25960,17193],{}," like a normal list",[165,25963,25964,25965,25967],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25966,17193],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25969,25970],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,25972,25974],{"className":40,"code":25973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25975,25976,26008,26022,26026,26036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25977,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25979,9340],{"class":53},[47,25981,58],{"class":57},[47,25983,10665],{"class":86},[47,25985,102],{"class":61},[47,25987,455],{"class":65},[47,25989,102],{"class":61},[47,25991,3062],{"class":86},[47,25993,5677],{"class":445},[47,25995,309],{"class":86},[47,25997,62],{"class":61},[47,25999,2014],{"class":65},[47,26001,102],{"class":61},[47,26003,3062],{"class":86},[47,26005,1769],{"class":445},[47,26007,9483],{"class":86},[47,26009,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26011,17421],{"class":53},[47,26013,58],{"class":57},[47,26015,14746],{"class":53},[47,26017,94],{"class":86},[47,26019,17102],{"class":90},[47,26021,8817],{"class":86},[47,26023,26024],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26025,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26027,26028,26030,26032,26034],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26029,83],{"class":82},[47,26031,87],{"class":86},[47,26033,17102],{"class":90},[47,26035,286],{"class":86},[47,26037,26038],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,26039,26040],{"class":113},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26042,26043],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,26045,26047],{"className":40,"code":26046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26048,26049,26081,26099,26103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26050,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26052,9340],{"class":53},[47,26054,58],{"class":57},[47,26056,10665],{"class":86},[47,26058,102],{"class":61},[47,26060,455],{"class":65},[47,26062,102],{"class":61},[47,26064,3062],{"class":86},[47,26066,5677],{"class":445},[47,26068,309],{"class":86},[47,26070,62],{"class":61},[47,26072,2014],{"class":65},[47,26074,102],{"class":61},[47,26076,3062],{"class":86},[47,26078,1769],{"class":445},[47,26080,9483],{"class":86},[47,26082,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26084,17421],{"class":53},[47,26086,58],{"class":57},[47,26088,22737],{"class":1570},[47,26090,87],{"class":86},[47,26092,9379],{"class":90},[47,26094,94],{"class":86},[47,26096,17102],{"class":90},[47,26098,7370],{"class":86},[47,26100,26101],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26102,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26104,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26106,83],{"class":82},[47,26108,87],{"class":86},[47,26110,17102],{"class":90},[47,26112,4080],{"class":86},[47,26114,1721],{"class":445},[47,26116,4068],{"class":86},[149,26118,26120],{"id":26119},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26122,11288],{},[38,26124,26126],{"className":40,"code":26125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26127,26128,26142,26152,26166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26129,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26131,83],{"class":82},[47,26133,87],{"class":86},[47,26135,1872],{"class":1570},[47,26137,87],{"class":86},[47,26139,11625],{"class":90},[47,26141,1879],{"class":86},[47,26143,26144,26146,26148,26150],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26145,83],{"class":82},[47,26147,87],{"class":86},[47,26149,11625],{"class":90},[47,26151,286],{"class":86},[47,26153,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26155,83],{"class":82},[47,26157,87],{"class":86},[47,26159,11625],{"class":90},[47,26161,94],{"class":86},[47,26163,17102],{"class":90},[47,26165,7370],{"class":86},[47,26167,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26169,83],{"class":82},[47,26171,87],{"class":86},[47,26173,8269],{"class":1570},[47,26175,87],{"class":86},[47,26177,11625],{"class":90},[47,26179,94],{"class":86},[47,26181,17102],{"class":90},[47,26183,6470],{"class":86},[20,26185,26186],{},"These help you confirm:",[162,26188,26189,26192,26195,26200],{},[165,26190,26191],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[165,26193,26194],{},"what data it contains",[165,26196,26197,26198,11882],{},"what ",[15,26199,17244],{},[165,26201,26202],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[149,26204,1962],{"id":1961},[469,26206,24095,26208,5326],{"id":26207},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26209,17244],{},[20,26211,17599,26212,26214],{},[15,26213,17193],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[469,26216,2022,26218,26221],{"id":26217},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26219,26220],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26223,26224,26225,26227,26228,94],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26226,17193],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26229,26230],{},"list(dict.keys())",[469,26232,26234,26235,2037],{"id":26233},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26236,26220],{},[20,26238,26239,26240,26242],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26241,6137],{}," loop.",[469,26244,26246,26247,26249],{"id":26245},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26248,17244],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26251,26252,26253,26255],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26254,17244],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[469,26257,26259],{"id":26258},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26261,144,26262,94],{},[15,26263,26264],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[149,26266,2062],{"id":2061},[162,26268,26269,26274,26280,26286,26292,26296],{},[165,26270,26271],{},[455,26272,26273],{"href":9564},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[165,26275,26276],{},[455,26277,10912,26278,1168],{"href":17247},[15,26279,17250],{},[165,26281,26282],{},[455,26283,10912,26284,1168],{"href":17254},[15,26285,17257],{},[165,26287,26288],{},[455,26289,26291],{"href":26290},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[165,26293,26294],{},[455,26295,17333],{"href":17332},[165,26297,26298],{},[455,26299,26300,26301,25861],{"href":25856},"How to fix ",[15,26302,25860],{},[2093,26304,26305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":26307},[26308,26309,26311,26312,26313,26314,26315,26317,26326,26327,26328,26339],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":24426,"depth":72,"text":26310},"What keys() does",{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":25116,"depth":72,"text":25117},{"id":25272,"depth":72,"text":26316},"When to use keys()",{"id":25534,"depth":72,"text":25535,"children":26318},[26319,26321,26323,26325],{"id":25543,"depth":79,"text":26320},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25649,"depth":79,"text":26322},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25793,"depth":79,"text":26324},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25864,"depth":79,"text":25865},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":26119,"depth":72,"text":26120},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":26329},[26330,26332,26334,26336,26338],{"id":26207,"depth":79,"text":26331},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26217,"depth":79,"text":26333},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26233,"depth":79,"text":26335},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26245,"depth":79,"text":26337},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26258,"depth":79,"text":26259},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24248,"description":26340},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26346,"title":26347,"body":26348,"description":28619,"extension":2138,"meta":28620,"navigation":75,"path":28621,"seo":28622,"stem":28623,"__hash__":28624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26349,"toc":28572},[26350,26355,26360,26363,26365,26511,26524,26529,26533,26547,26549,26652,26661,26663,26666,26704,26729,26731,26838,26840,26847,26850,26858,26860,27001,27009,27014,27018,27029,27031,27193,27196,27204,27211,27217,27314,27320,27397,27400,27412,27417,27423,27426,27430,27519,27522,27526,27629,27636,27723,27732,27734,27739,27745,27748,27794,27797,27863,27872,27878,27971,27977,27983,28026,28029,28094,28100,28192,28195,28199,28205,28230,28233,28329,28336,28338,28343,28434,28436,28464,28469,28471,28478,28481,28485,28495,28500,28503,28509,28519,28526,28534,28536,28569],[10,26351,11494,26353,18],{"id":26352},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26354,12940],{},[20,26356,26357,26359],{},[15,26358,12747],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26361,26362],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[149,26364,3788],{"id":3787},[38,26366,26368],{"className":40,"code":26367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26369,26370,26406,26430,26444,26457,26461,26466,26498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26371,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26373,13383],{"class":53},[47,26375,58],{"class":57},[47,26377,10665],{"class":86},[47,26379,102],{"class":61},[47,26381,214],{"class":65},[47,26383,102],{"class":61},[47,26385,3062],{"class":86},[47,26387,62],{"class":61},[47,26389,13058],{"class":65},[47,26391,102],{"class":61},[47,26393,309],{"class":86},[47,26395,62],{"class":61},[47,26397,9473],{"class":65},[47,26399,102],{"class":61},[47,26401,3062],{"class":86},[47,26403,9480],{"class":445},[47,26405,9483],{"class":86},[47,26407,26408,26411,26413,26415,26417,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26409,26410],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26412,58],{"class":57},[47,26414,13426],{"class":53},[47,26416,94],{"class":86},[47,26418,26419],{"class":90},"pop",[47,26421,87],{"class":86},[47,26423,102],{"class":61},[47,26425,9473],{"class":65},[47,26427,102],{"class":61},[47,26429,286],{"class":86},[47,26431,26432,26434,26436,26439,26441],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26433,83],{"class":82},[47,26435,87],{"class":86},[47,26437,26438],{"class":90},"removed_age",[47,26440,1696],{"class":86},[47,26442,26443],{"class":113},"   # 25\n",[47,26445,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26447,83],{"class":82},[47,26449,87],{"class":86},[47,26451,17486],{"class":90},[47,26453,1696],{"class":86},[47,26455,26456],{"class":113},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26458,26459],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,26460,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26462,26463],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,26464,26465],{"class":113},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26467,26468,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26494,26496],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,26469,26470],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26472,58],{"class":57},[47,26474,13426],{"class":53},[47,26476,94],{"class":86},[47,26478,26419],{"class":90},[47,26480,87],{"class":86},[47,26482,102],{"class":61},[47,26484,15441],{"class":65},[47,26486,102],{"class":61},[47,26488,309],{"class":86},[47,26490,62],{"class":61},[47,26492,26493],{"class":65},"Not found",[47,26495,102],{"class":61},[47,26497,286],{"class":86},[47,26499,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,26501,83],{"class":82},[47,26503,87],{"class":86},[47,26505,15441],{"class":90},[47,26507,1696],{"class":86},[47,26509,26510],{"class":113},"       # Not found\n",[20,26512,144,26513,26516,26517,26520,26521,26523],{},[15,26514,26515],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26518,26519],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26522,19866],{}," when the key might not exist.",[149,26525,152,26527,155],{"id":26526},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26528,12747],{},[20,26530,26531,3062],{},[15,26532,12747],{},[162,26534,26535,26538,26541,26544],{},[165,26536,26537],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[165,26539,26540],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[165,26542,26543],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[165,26545,26546],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26548,183],{},[38,26550,26552],{"className":40,"code":26551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26553,26554,26594,26598,26621,26625,26639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26555,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26557,11664],{"class":53},[47,26559,58],{"class":57},[47,26561,10665],{"class":86},[47,26563,102],{"class":61},[47,26565,214],{"class":65},[47,26567,102],{"class":61},[47,26569,3062],{"class":86},[47,26571,62],{"class":61},[47,26573,13400],{"class":65},[47,26575,102],{"class":61},[47,26577,309],{"class":86},[47,26579,62],{"class":61},[47,26581,10583],{"class":65},[47,26583,102],{"class":61},[47,26585,3062],{"class":86},[47,26587,62],{"class":61},[47,26589,10590],{"class":65},[47,26591,102],{"class":61},[47,26593,9483],{"class":86},[47,26595,26596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26597,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26599,26600,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26601,26602],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26604,58],{"class":57},[47,26606,11747],{"class":53},[47,26608,94],{"class":86},[47,26610,26419],{"class":90},[47,26612,87],{"class":86},[47,26614,102],{"class":61},[47,26616,10583],{"class":65},[47,26618,102],{"class":61},[47,26620,286],{"class":86},[47,26622,26623],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26624,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26626,26627,26629,26631,26634,26636],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,26628,83],{"class":82},[47,26630,87],{"class":86},[47,26632,26633],{"class":90},"removed_city",[47,26635,1696],{"class":86},[47,26637,26638],{"class":113},"  # Paris\n",[47,26640,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,26642,83],{"class":82},[47,26644,87],{"class":86},[47,26646,11758],{"class":90},[47,26648,1696],{"class":86},[47,26650,26651],{"class":113},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26653,340,26654,26657,26658,94],{},[15,26655,26656],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26659,26660],{},"\"Paris\"",[149,26662,261],{"id":260},[20,26664,26665],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,26667,26669],{"className":40,"code":26668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26670,26671,26685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26672,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26674,11625],{"class":53},[47,26676,94],{"class":86},[47,26678,26419],{"class":90},[47,26680,87],{"class":86},[47,26682,15021],{"class":90},[47,26684,286],{"class":86},[47,26686,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26688,11625],{"class":53},[47,26690,94],{"class":86},[47,26692,26419],{"class":90},[47,26694,87],{"class":86},[47,26696,15021],{"class":90},[47,26698,309],{"class":86},[47,26700,26701],{"class":90}," default",[47,26703,286],{"class":86},[162,26705,26706,26712,26720,26726],{},[165,26707,26708,26711],{},[15,26709,26710],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[165,26713,26714,26716,26717,26719],{},[15,26715,26710],{}," raises ",[15,26718,19866],{}," if the key is missing",[165,26721,26722,26725],{},[15,26723,26724],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[165,26727,26728],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26730,183],{},[38,26732,26734],{"className":40,"code":26733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26735,26736,26768,26772,26797,26825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26737,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26739,5244],{"class":53},[47,26741,58],{"class":57},[47,26743,10665],{"class":86},[47,26745,102],{"class":61},[47,26747,18595],{"class":65},[47,26749,102],{"class":61},[47,26751,3062],{"class":86},[47,26753,20077],{"class":445},[47,26755,309],{"class":86},[47,26757,62],{"class":61},[47,26759,18604],{"class":65},[47,26761,102],{"class":61},[47,26763,3062],{"class":86},[47,26765,13686],{"class":445},[47,26767,9483],{"class":86},[47,26769,26770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26771,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26773,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26775,83],{"class":82},[47,26777,87],{"class":86},[47,26779,16569],{"class":90},[47,26781,94],{"class":86},[47,26783,26419],{"class":90},[47,26785,87],{"class":86},[47,26787,102],{"class":61},[47,26789,18595],{"class":65},[47,26791,102],{"class":61},[47,26793,110],{"class":86},[47,26795,26796],{"class":113},"         # 90\n",[47,26798,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26800,83],{"class":82},[47,26802,87],{"class":86},[47,26804,16569],{"class":90},[47,26806,94],{"class":86},[47,26808,26419],{"class":90},[47,26810,87],{"class":86},[47,26812,102],{"class":61},[47,26814,18613],{"class":65},[47,26816,102],{"class":61},[47,26818,309],{"class":86},[47,26820,4014],{"class":445},[47,26822,110],{"class":86},[47,26824,20947],{"class":113},[47,26826,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,26828,83],{"class":82},[47,26830,87],{"class":86},[47,26832,16569],{"class":90},[47,26834,1696],{"class":86},[47,26836,26837],{"class":113},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[149,26839,700],{"id":699},[20,26841,26842,14233,26844,26846],{},[15,26843,12940],{},[3922,26845,4813],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26848,26849],{},"Instead, it returns:",[162,26851,26852,26855],{},[165,26853,26854],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[165,26856,26857],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26859,183],{},[38,26861,26863],{"className":40,"code":26862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26864,26865,26897,26901,26924,26956,26960,26974,26988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26866,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26868,9340],{"class":53},[47,26870,58],{"class":57},[47,26872,10665],{"class":86},[47,26874,102],{"class":61},[47,26876,455],{"class":65},[47,26878,102],{"class":61},[47,26880,3062],{"class":86},[47,26882,6184],{"class":445},[47,26884,309],{"class":86},[47,26886,62],{"class":61},[47,26888,2014],{"class":65},[47,26890,102],{"class":61},[47,26892,3062],{"class":86},[47,26894,7966],{"class":445},[47,26896,9483],{"class":86},[47,26898,26899],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26900,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26902,26903,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,26904,26905],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26907,58],{"class":57},[47,26909,14746],{"class":53},[47,26911,94],{"class":86},[47,26913,26419],{"class":90},[47,26915,87],{"class":86},[47,26917,102],{"class":61},[47,26919,455],{"class":65},[47,26921,102],{"class":61},[47,26923,286],{"class":86},[47,26925,26926,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26952,26954],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,26927,26928],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,26930,58],{"class":57},[47,26932,14746],{"class":53},[47,26934,94],{"class":86},[47,26936,26419],{"class":90},[47,26938,87],{"class":86},[47,26940,102],{"class":61},[47,26942,9913],{"class":65},[47,26944,102],{"class":61},[47,26946,309],{"class":86},[47,26948,62],{"class":61},[47,26950,26951],{"class":65},"missing",[47,26953,102],{"class":61},[47,26955,286],{"class":86},[47,26957,26958],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,26959,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,26961,26962,26964,26966,26969,26971],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,26963,83],{"class":82},[47,26965,87],{"class":86},[47,26967,26968],{"class":90},"result1",[47,26970,1696],{"class":86},[47,26972,26973],{"class":113},"  # 10\n",[47,26975,26976,26978,26980,26983,26985],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,26977,83],{"class":82},[47,26979,87],{"class":86},[47,26981,26982],{"class":90},"result2",[47,26984,1696],{"class":86},[47,26986,26987],{"class":113},"  # missing\n",[47,26989,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,26991,83],{"class":82},[47,26993,87],{"class":86},[47,26995,9379],{"class":90},[47,26997,1696],{"class":86},[47,26999,27000],{"class":113},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27002,27003,27004,6808],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[455,27005,27006],{"href":10911},[15,27007,27008],{},"dict.get()",[149,27010,1321,27012],{"id":27011},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27013,12940],{},[20,27015,144,27016,10776],{},[15,27017,12940],{},[162,27019,27020,27023,27026],{},[165,27021,27022],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[165,27024,27025],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[165,27027,27028],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27030,183],{},[38,27032,27034],{"className":40,"code":27033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27035,27036,27088,27092,27119,27123,27147,27151,27165,27179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27037,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27072,27074,27076,27079,27081,27083,27086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27039,25301],{"class":53},[47,27041,58],{"class":57},[47,27043,10665],{"class":86},[47,27045,102],{"class":61},[47,27047,214],{"class":65},[47,27049,102],{"class":61},[47,27051,3062],{"class":86},[47,27053,62],{"class":61},[47,27055,27056],{"class":65},"Laptop",[47,27058,102],{"class":61},[47,27060,309],{"class":86},[47,27062,62],{"class":61},[47,27064,25327],{"class":65},[47,27066,102],{"class":61},[47,27068,3062],{"class":86},[47,27070,27071],{"class":445}," 1200",[47,27073,309],{"class":86},[47,27075,62],{"class":61},[47,27077,27078],{"class":65},"discount",[47,27080,102],{"class":61},[47,27082,3062],{"class":86},[47,27084,27085],{"class":445}," 200",[47,27087,9483],{"class":86},[47,27089,27090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27091,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27093,27094,27097,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27095,27096],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,27098,58],{"class":57},[47,27100,25379],{"class":53},[47,27102,94],{"class":86},[47,27104,26419],{"class":90},[47,27106,87],{"class":86},[47,27108,102],{"class":61},[47,27110,27078],{"class":65},[47,27112,102],{"class":61},[47,27114,309],{"class":86},[47,27116,4014],{"class":445},[47,27118,286],{"class":86},[47,27120,27121],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27122,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27124,27125,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27126,27127],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,27129,58],{"class":57},[47,27131,25379],{"class":53},[47,27133,4080],{"class":86},[47,27135,102],{"class":61},[47,27137,25327],{"class":65},[47,27139,102],{"class":61},[47,27141,13452],{"class":86},[47,27143,2399],{"class":57},[47,27145,27146],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,27148,27149],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27150,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27152,27153,27155,27157,27160,27162],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,27154,83],{"class":82},[47,27156,87],{"class":86},[47,27158,27159],{"class":90},"discount_amount",[47,27161,1696],{"class":86},[47,27163,27164],{"class":113},"  # 200\n",[47,27166,27167,27169,27171,27174,27176],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,27168,83],{"class":82},[47,27170,87],{"class":86},[47,27172,27173],{"class":90},"final_price",[47,27175,1696],{"class":86},[47,27177,27178],{"class":113},"      # 1000\n",[47,27180,27181,27183,27185,27188,27190],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,27182,83],{"class":82},[47,27184,87],{"class":86},[47,27186,27187],{"class":90},"product",[47,27189,1696],{"class":86},[47,27191,27192],{"class":113},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27194,27195],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[149,27197,27199,10760,27201],{"id":27198},"pop-vs-del",[15,27200,12940],{},[15,27202,27203],{},"del",[20,27205,10765,27206,837,27208,27210],{},[15,27207,12940],{},[15,27209,27203],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[469,27212,144,27214,27216],{"id":27213},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27215,12940],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,27218,27220],{"className":40,"code":27219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27221,27222,27258,27262,27284,27288,27301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27223,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27225,13383],{"class":53},[47,27227,58],{"class":57},[47,27229,10665],{"class":86},[47,27231,102],{"class":61},[47,27233,214],{"class":65},[47,27235,102],{"class":61},[47,27237,3062],{"class":86},[47,27239,62],{"class":61},[47,27241,13058],{"class":65},[47,27243,102],{"class":61},[47,27245,309],{"class":86},[47,27247,62],{"class":61},[47,27249,9473],{"class":65},[47,27251,102],{"class":61},[47,27253,3062],{"class":86},[47,27255,9480],{"class":445},[47,27257,9483],{"class":86},[47,27259,27260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27261,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27263,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27265,21805],{"class":53},[47,27267,58],{"class":57},[47,27269,13426],{"class":53},[47,27271,94],{"class":86},[47,27273,26419],{"class":90},[47,27275,87],{"class":86},[47,27277,102],{"class":61},[47,27279,9473],{"class":65},[47,27281,102],{"class":61},[47,27283,286],{"class":86},[47,27285,27286],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27287,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27289,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27291,83],{"class":82},[47,27293,87],{"class":86},[47,27295,9473],{"class":90},[47,27297,1696],{"class":86},[47,27299,27300],{"class":113},"     # 25\n",[47,27302,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27304,83],{"class":82},[47,27306,87],{"class":86},[47,27308,17486],{"class":90},[47,27310,1696],{"class":86},[47,27312,27313],{"class":113},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[469,27315,144,27317,27319],{"id":27316},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27318,27203],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,27321,27323],{"className":40,"code":27322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27324,27325,27361,27365,27381,27385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27326,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27328,13383],{"class":53},[47,27330,58],{"class":57},[47,27332,10665],{"class":86},[47,27334,102],{"class":61},[47,27336,214],{"class":65},[47,27338,102],{"class":61},[47,27340,3062],{"class":86},[47,27342,62],{"class":61},[47,27344,13058],{"class":65},[47,27346,102],{"class":61},[47,27348,309],{"class":86},[47,27350,62],{"class":61},[47,27352,9473],{"class":65},[47,27354,102],{"class":61},[47,27356,3062],{"class":86},[47,27358,9480],{"class":445},[47,27360,9483],{"class":86},[47,27362,27363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27364,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27366,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27368,27203],{"class":752},[47,27370,13426],{"class":53},[47,27372,4080],{"class":86},[47,27374,102],{"class":61},[47,27376,9473],{"class":65},[47,27378,102],{"class":61},[47,27380,3816],{"class":86},[47,27382,27383],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27384,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27386,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27388,83],{"class":82},[47,27390,87],{"class":86},[47,27392,17486],{"class":90},[47,27394,1696],{"class":86},[47,27396,27313],{"class":113},[20,27398,27399],{},"Difference:",[162,27401,27402,27407],{},[165,27403,27404,27406],{},[15,27405,12940],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[165,27408,27409,27411],{},[15,27410,27203],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27413,27414,27415,94],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[455,27416,12752],{"href":12751},[149,27418,27420,27421],{"id":27419},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27422,19866],{},[20,27424,27425],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[469,27427,27429],{"id":27428},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,27431,27433],{"className":40,"code":27432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27434,27435,27460,27464,27490,27494,27506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27456,27458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27438,11901],{"class":53},[47,27440,58],{"class":57},[47,27442,10665],{"class":86},[47,27444,102],{"class":61},[47,27446,214],{"class":65},[47,27448,102],{"class":61},[47,27450,3062],{"class":86},[47,27452,62],{"class":61},[47,27454,27455],{"class":65},"Sara",[47,27457,102],{"class":61},[47,27459,9483],{"class":86},[47,27461,27462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27463,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27465,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27467,1535],{"class":53},[47,27469,58],{"class":57},[47,27471,11943],{"class":53},[47,27473,94],{"class":86},[47,27475,26419],{"class":90},[47,27477,87],{"class":86},[47,27479,102],{"class":61},[47,27481,9473],{"class":65},[47,27483,102],{"class":61},[47,27485,309],{"class":86},[47,27487,4033],{"class":4032},[47,27489,286],{"class":86},[47,27491,27492],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27493,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27495,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27497,83],{"class":82},[47,27499,87],{"class":86},[47,27501,1587],{"class":90},[47,27503,1696],{"class":86},[47,27505,20740],{"class":113},[47,27507,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27509,83],{"class":82},[47,27511,87],{"class":86},[47,27513,11625],{"class":90},[47,27515,1696],{"class":86},[47,27517,27518],{"class":113}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27520,27521],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[469,27523,27525],{"id":27524},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,27527,27529],{"className":40,"code":27528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27530,27531,27555,27559,27575,27598,27608,27614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27532,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27534,11901],{"class":53},[47,27536,58],{"class":57},[47,27538,10665],{"class":86},[47,27540,102],{"class":61},[47,27542,214],{"class":65},[47,27544,102],{"class":61},[47,27546,3062],{"class":86},[47,27548,62],{"class":61},[47,27550,27455],{"class":65},[47,27552,102],{"class":61},[47,27554,9483],{"class":86},[47,27556,27557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27558,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27560,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27562,723],{"class":752},[47,27564,62],{"class":61},[47,27566,9473],{"class":65},[47,27568,102],{"class":61},[47,27570,1690],{"class":57},[47,27572,11943],{"class":53},[47,27574,795],{"class":86},[47,27576,27577,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27578,27579],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27581,58],{"class":57},[47,27583,11943],{"class":53},[47,27585,94],{"class":86},[47,27587,26419],{"class":90},[47,27589,87],{"class":86},[47,27591,102],{"class":61},[47,27593,9473],{"class":65},[47,27595,102],{"class":61},[47,27597,286],{"class":86},[47,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27601,776],{"class":82},[47,27603,87],{"class":86},[47,27605,1587],{"class":90},[47,27607,286],{"class":86},[47,27609,27610,27612],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27611,792],{"class":752},[47,27613,795],{"class":86},[47,27615,27616,27618,27620,27622,27625,27627],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,27617,776],{"class":82},[47,27619,87],{"class":86},[47,27621,102],{"class":61},[47,27623,27624],{"class":65},"Key not found",[47,27626,102],{"class":61},[47,27628,286],{"class":86},[469,27630,27632,27633,27635],{"id":27631},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27634,10915],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,27637,27639],{"className":40,"code":27638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27640,27641,27665,27669,27695,27699,27711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27642,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27644,11901],{"class":53},[47,27646,58],{"class":57},[47,27648,10665],{"class":86},[47,27650,102],{"class":61},[47,27652,214],{"class":65},[47,27654,102],{"class":61},[47,27656,3062],{"class":86},[47,27658,62],{"class":61},[47,27660,27455],{"class":65},[47,27662,102],{"class":61},[47,27664,9483],{"class":86},[47,27666,27667],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27668,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27670,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27672,1535],{"class":53},[47,27674,58],{"class":57},[47,27676,11943],{"class":53},[47,27678,94],{"class":86},[47,27680,19929],{"class":90},[47,27682,87],{"class":86},[47,27684,102],{"class":61},[47,27686,9473],{"class":65},[47,27688,102],{"class":61},[47,27690,309],{"class":86},[47,27692,4033],{"class":4032},[47,27694,286],{"class":86},[47,27696,27697],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27698,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27700,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27702,83],{"class":82},[47,27704,87],{"class":86},[47,27706,1587],{"class":90},[47,27708,1696],{"class":86},[47,27710,20740],{"class":113},[47,27712,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27714,83],{"class":82},[47,27716,87],{"class":86},[47,27718,11625],{"class":90},[47,27720,1696],{"class":86},[47,27722,27518],{"class":113},[20,27724,144,27725,27729,27730,94],{},[455,27726,27727],{"href":10911},[15,27728,27008],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[455,27731,11438],{"href":11249},[149,27733,4700],{"id":4699},[20,27735,27736,27737,94],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27738,12747],{},[469,27740,25952,27742,27744],{"id":27741},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27743,12940],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27746,27747],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,27749,27751],{"className":40,"code":27750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27752,27753,27773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27754,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27756,3798],{"class":53},[47,27758,58],{"class":57},[47,27760,3803],{"class":86},[47,27762,2509],{"class":445},[47,27764,309],{"class":86},[47,27766,7966],{"class":445},[47,27768,309],{"class":86},[47,27770,7971],{"class":445},[47,27772,3816],{"class":86},[47,27774,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27776,83],{"class":82},[47,27778,87],{"class":86},[47,27780,3830],{"class":90},[47,27782,94],{"class":86},[47,27784,26419],{"class":90},[47,27786,87],{"class":86},[47,27788,1598],{"class":445},[47,27790,110],{"class":86},[47,27792,27793],{"class":113},"  # 20\n",[20,27795,27796],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,27798,27800],{"className":40,"code":27799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27801,27802,27838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27803,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27805,13383],{"class":53},[47,27807,58],{"class":57},[47,27809,10665],{"class":86},[47,27811,102],{"class":61},[47,27813,214],{"class":65},[47,27815,102],{"class":61},[47,27817,3062],{"class":86},[47,27819,62],{"class":61},[47,27821,13058],{"class":65},[47,27823,102],{"class":61},[47,27825,309],{"class":86},[47,27827,62],{"class":61},[47,27829,9473],{"class":65},[47,27831,102],{"class":61},[47,27833,3062],{"class":86},[47,27835,9480],{"class":445},[47,27837,9483],{"class":86},[47,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27841,83],{"class":82},[47,27843,87],{"class":86},[47,27845,17486],{"class":90},[47,27847,94],{"class":86},[47,27849,26419],{"class":90},[47,27851,87],{"class":86},[47,27853,102],{"class":61},[47,27855,9473],{"class":65},[47,27857,102],{"class":61},[47,27859,110],{"class":86},[47,27861,27862],{"class":113},"  # 25\n",[20,27864,27865,27866,27868,27869,27871],{},"A dictionary does ",[3922,27867,4813],{}," use positions with ",[15,27870,12940],{},". It uses keys.",[469,27873,1710,27875,27877],{"id":27874},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27876,12940],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,27879,27881],{"className":40,"code":27880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27882,27883,27915,27919,27941,27945,27958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27884,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27886,9340],{"class":53},[47,27888,58],{"class":57},[47,27890,10665],{"class":86},[47,27892,102],{"class":61},[47,27894,2350],{"class":65},[47,27896,102],{"class":61},[47,27898,3062],{"class":86},[47,27900,5677],{"class":445},[47,27902,309],{"class":86},[47,27904,62],{"class":61},[47,27906,11922],{"class":65},[47,27908,102],{"class":61},[47,27910,3062],{"class":86},[47,27912,1769],{"class":445},[47,27914,9483],{"class":86},[47,27916,27917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27918,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27920,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,27922,1535],{"class":53},[47,27924,58],{"class":57},[47,27926,14746],{"class":53},[47,27928,94],{"class":86},[47,27930,26419],{"class":90},[47,27932,87],{"class":86},[47,27934,102],{"class":61},[47,27936,2350],{"class":65},[47,27938,102],{"class":61},[47,27940,286],{"class":86},[47,27942,27943],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,27944,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,27946,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,27948,83],{"class":82},[47,27950,87],{"class":86},[47,27952,1587],{"class":90},[47,27954,1696],{"class":86},[47,27956,27957],{"class":113},"  # 1\n",[47,27959,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,27961,83],{"class":82},[47,27963,87],{"class":86},[47,27965,9379],{"class":90},[47,27967,1696],{"class":86},[47,27969,27970],{"class":113},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27972,27973,27974,27976],{},"After ",[15,27975,12940],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[469,27978,831,27980,27982],{"id":27979},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27981,12940],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,27984,27986],{"className":40,"code":27985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27987,27988,28012,28016,28021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27989,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27991,9340],{"class":53},[47,27993,58],{"class":57},[47,27995,10665],{"class":86},[47,27997,102],{"class":61},[47,27999,214],{"class":65},[47,28001,102],{"class":61},[47,28003,3062],{"class":86},[47,28005,62],{"class":61},[47,28007,8097],{"class":65},[47,28009,102],{"class":61},[47,28011,9483],{"class":86},[47,28013,28014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28015,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28017,28018],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28019,28020],{"class":113},"# This causes an error\n",[47,28022,28023],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28024,28025],{"class":113},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28027,28028],{},"Safer version:",[38,28030,28032],{"className":40,"code":28031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28033,28034,28058,28062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28035,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28037,9340],{"class":53},[47,28039,58],{"class":57},[47,28041,10665],{"class":86},[47,28043,102],{"class":61},[47,28045,214],{"class":65},[47,28047,102],{"class":61},[47,28049,3062],{"class":86},[47,28051,62],{"class":61},[47,28053,8097],{"class":65},[47,28055,102],{"class":61},[47,28057,9483],{"class":86},[47,28059,28060],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28061,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28063,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28065,83],{"class":82},[47,28067,87],{"class":86},[47,28069,9379],{"class":90},[47,28071,94],{"class":86},[47,28073,26419],{"class":90},[47,28075,87],{"class":86},[47,28077,102],{"class":61},[47,28079,9473],{"class":65},[47,28081,102],{"class":61},[47,28083,309],{"class":86},[47,28085,62],{"class":61},[47,28087,26951],{"class":65},[47,28089,102],{"class":61},[47,28091,110],{"class":86},[47,28093,26987],{"class":113},[469,28095,8628,28097,28099],{"id":28096},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28098,12940],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,28101,28103],{"className":40,"code":28102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28104,28105,28137,28141,28163,28167,28179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28106,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28108,9340],{"class":53},[47,28110,58],{"class":57},[47,28112,10665],{"class":86},[47,28114,102],{"class":61},[47,28116,455],{"class":65},[47,28118,102],{"class":61},[47,28120,3062],{"class":86},[47,28122,5677],{"class":445},[47,28124,309],{"class":86},[47,28126,62],{"class":61},[47,28128,2014],{"class":65},[47,28130,102],{"class":61},[47,28132,3062],{"class":86},[47,28134,1769],{"class":445},[47,28136,9483],{"class":86},[47,28138,28139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28140,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28142,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28144,2407],{"class":53},[47,28146,58],{"class":57},[47,28148,14746],{"class":53},[47,28150,94],{"class":86},[47,28152,26419],{"class":90},[47,28154,87],{"class":86},[47,28156,102],{"class":61},[47,28158,455],{"class":65},[47,28160,102],{"class":61},[47,28162,286],{"class":86},[47,28164,28165],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28166,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28168,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,28170,83],{"class":82},[47,28172,87],{"class":86},[47,28174,2442],{"class":90},[47,28176,1696],{"class":86},[47,28178,27957],{"class":113},[47,28180,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,28182,83],{"class":82},[47,28184,87],{"class":86},[47,28186,9379],{"class":90},[47,28188,1696],{"class":86},[47,28190,28191],{"class":113},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28193,28194],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[149,28196,28198],{"id":28197},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28200,28201,28202,28204],{},"Problems with ",[15,28203,12747],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[162,28206,28207,28210,28219,28222],{},[165,28208,28209],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[165,28211,28212,28213,28216,28217],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28214,28215],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28218,26515],{},[165,28220,28221],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[165,28223,28224,28225,11267,28227],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28226,1598],{},[15,28228,28229],{},"\"1\"",[20,28231,28232],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,28234,28236],{"className":40,"code":28235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28237,28238,28262,28266,28296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28241,9340],{"class":53},[47,28243,58],{"class":57},[47,28245,10665],{"class":86},[47,28247,102],{"class":61},[47,28249,1598],{"class":65},[47,28251,102],{"class":61},[47,28253,3062],{"class":86},[47,28255,62],{"class":61},[47,28257,6762],{"class":65},[47,28259,102],{"class":61},[47,28261,9483],{"class":86},[47,28263,28264],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28265,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28267,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28289,28291,28293],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28269,83],{"class":82},[47,28271,87],{"class":86},[47,28273,9379],{"class":90},[47,28275,94],{"class":86},[47,28277,26419],{"class":90},[47,28279,87],{"class":86},[47,28281,1598],{"class":445},[47,28283,309],{"class":86},[47,28285,62],{"class":61},[47,28287,28288],{"class":65},"not found",[47,28290,102],{"class":61},[47,28292,110],{"class":86},[47,28294,28295],{"class":113},"    # not found\n",[47,28297,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28299,83],{"class":82},[47,28301,87],{"class":86},[47,28303,9379],{"class":90},[47,28305,94],{"class":86},[47,28307,26419],{"class":90},[47,28309,87],{"class":86},[47,28311,102],{"class":61},[47,28313,1598],{"class":65},[47,28315,102],{"class":61},[47,28317,309],{"class":86},[47,28319,62],{"class":61},[47,28321,28288],{"class":65},[47,28323,102],{"class":61},[47,28325,110],{"class":86},[47,28327,28328],{"class":113},"  # one\n",[20,28330,28331,837,28333,28335],{},[15,28332,1598],{},[15,28334,28229],{}," are different keys.",[149,28337,9046],{"id":9045},[20,28339,9049,28340,28342],{},[15,28341,12940],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,28344,28346],{"className":40,"code":28345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28347,28348,28358,28372,28390,28420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28349,28350,28352,28354,28356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28351,83],{"class":82},[47,28353,87],{"class":86},[47,28355,11625],{"class":90},[47,28357,286],{"class":86},[47,28359,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28361,83],{"class":82},[47,28363,87],{"class":86},[47,28365,11625],{"class":90},[47,28367,94],{"class":86},[47,28369,17102],{"class":90},[47,28371,7370],{"class":86},[47,28373,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28375,83],{"class":82},[47,28377,87],{"class":86},[47,28379,3479],{"class":61},[47,28381,214],{"class":65},[47,28383,3479],{"class":61},[47,28385,1690],{"class":752},[47,28387,11943],{"class":90},[47,28389,286],{"class":86},[47,28391,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28393,83],{"class":82},[47,28395,87],{"class":86},[47,28397,11625],{"class":90},[47,28399,94],{"class":86},[47,28401,26419],{"class":90},[47,28403,87],{"class":86},[47,28405,3479],{"class":61},[47,28407,214],{"class":65},[47,28409,3479],{"class":61},[47,28411,309],{"class":86},[47,28413,3474],{"class":61},[47,28415,26951],{"class":65},[47,28417,3479],{"class":61},[47,28419,1879],{"class":86},[47,28421,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,28423,83],{"class":82},[47,28425,87],{"class":86},[47,28427,1872],{"class":1570},[47,28429,87],{"class":86},[47,28431,11625],{"class":90},[47,28433,1879],{"class":86},[20,28435,21513],{},[162,28437,28438,28443,28448,28453,28459],{},[165,28439,28440,28442],{},[15,28441,12857],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[165,28444,28445,28447],{},[15,28446,21525],{}," shows all available keys",[165,28449,28450,28452],{},[15,28451,21531],{}," checks whether a key exists",[165,28454,28455,28458],{},[15,28456,28457],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[165,28460,28461,28463],{},[15,28462,12863],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28465,28466,28467,94],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[455,28468,9565],{"href":9564},[149,28470,1962],{"id":1961},[469,28472,28474,28475,28477],{"id":28473},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28476,12940],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28479,28480],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[469,28482,28484],{"id":28483},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28486,28487,26716,28489,28491,28492,28494],{},[15,28488,26515],{},[15,28490,19866],{},". ",[15,28493,26519],{}," returns the default value instead.",[469,28496,1966,28498,15076],{"id":28497},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28499,12940],{},[20,28501,28502],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[469,28504,2049,28506,28508],{"id":28505},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28507,12940],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28510,28511,28512,28514,28515,94],{},"Not with ",[15,28513,12747],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[455,28516,28517],{"href":12758},[15,28518,12947],{},[469,28520,2032,28522,837,28524,2037],{"id":28521},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28523,10915],{},[15,28525,12940],{},[20,28527,28528,28530,28531,28533],{},[15,28529,10915],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28532,12940],{}," reads and removes it.",[149,28535,2062],{"id":2061},[162,28537,28538,28544,28551,28555,28559,28563],{},[165,28539,28540],{},[455,28541,28542],{"href":10911},[15,28543,19847],{},[165,28545,28546],{},[455,28547,28548],{"href":12758},[15,28549,28550],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[165,28552,28553],{},[455,28554,12964],{"href":12751},[165,28556,28557],{},[455,28558,21634],{"href":16777},[165,28560,28561],{},[455,28562,11438],{"href":11249},[165,28564,28565],{},[455,28566,28568],{"href":28567},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2093,28570,28571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":28573},[28574,28575,28577,28578,28579,28581,28588,28595,28605,28606,28607,28618],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":26526,"depth":72,"text":28576},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":27011,"depth":72,"text":28580},"When to use pop()",{"id":27198,"depth":72,"text":28582,"children":28583},"pop() vs del",[28584,28586],{"id":27213,"depth":79,"text":28585},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27316,"depth":79,"text":28587},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27419,"depth":72,"text":28589,"children":28590},"How to avoid KeyError",[28591,28592,28593],{"id":27428,"depth":79,"text":27429},{"id":27524,"depth":79,"text":27525},{"id":27631,"depth":79,"text":28594},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":28596},[28597,28599,28601,28603],{"id":27741,"depth":79,"text":28598},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27874,"depth":79,"text":28600},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27979,"depth":79,"text":28602},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28096,"depth":79,"text":28604},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28197,"depth":72,"text":28198},{"id":9045,"depth":72,"text":9046},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":28608},[28609,28611,28612,28614,28616],{"id":28473,"depth":79,"text":28610},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28483,"depth":79,"text":28484},{"id":28497,"depth":79,"text":28613},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28505,"depth":79,"text":28615},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28521,"depth":79,"text":28617},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26347,"description":28619},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28626,"title":28550,"body":28627,"description":30566,"extension":2138,"meta":30567,"navigation":75,"path":30568,"seo":30569,"stem":30570,"__hash__":30571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28628,"toc":30530},[28629,28634,28639,28642,28650,28660,28662,28751,28755,28804,28809,28814,28818,28834,28837,28839,28854,28856,28872,28879,28883,28889,28898,28900,28969,28973,28994,28997,29016,29019,29042,29044,29047,29162,29166,29225,29232,29236,29242,29367,29371,29421,29424,29428,29435,29437,29500,29504,29525,29528,29537,29552,29560,29567,29571,29583,29587,29598,29600,29746,29750,29809,29816,29821,29825,29830,29853,29858,29877,29881,29952,29959,30032,30041,30046,30051,30062,30065,30202,30207,30239,30244,30246,30250,30310,30313,30370,30373,30416,30418,30423,30429,30435,30438,30445,30453,30458,30461,30468,30476,30478,30527],[10,28630,11494,28632,18],{"id":28631},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28633,12947],{},[20,28635,842,28636,28638],{},[15,28637,12947],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28640,28641],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[162,28643,28644,28647],{},[165,28645,28646],{},"remove an item",[165,28648,28649],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28651,28652,28653,28655,28656,28659],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28654,12947],{}," removes the ",[3922,28657,28658],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[149,28661,2179],{"id":2178},[38,28663,28665],{"className":40,"code":28664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28666,28667,28711,28727,28731,28741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28670,9340],{"class":53},[47,28672,58],{"class":57},[47,28674,10665],{"class":86},[47,28676,102],{"class":61},[47,28678,455],{"class":65},[47,28680,102],{"class":61},[47,28682,3062],{"class":86},[47,28684,5677],{"class":445},[47,28686,309],{"class":86},[47,28688,62],{"class":61},[47,28690,2014],{"class":65},[47,28692,102],{"class":61},[47,28694,3062],{"class":86},[47,28696,1769],{"class":445},[47,28698,309],{"class":86},[47,28700,62],{"class":61},[47,28702,9913],{"class":65},[47,28704,102],{"class":61},[47,28706,3062],{"class":86},[47,28708,2630],{"class":445},[47,28710,9483],{"class":86},[47,28712,28713,28716,28718,28720,28722,28725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28714,28715],{"class":53},"item ",[47,28717,58],{"class":57},[47,28719,14746],{"class":53},[47,28721,94],{"class":86},[47,28723,28724],{"class":90},"popitem",[47,28726,8817],{"class":86},[47,28728,28729],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28730,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28732,28733,28735,28737,28739],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28734,83],{"class":82},[47,28736,87],{"class":86},[47,28738,23487],{"class":90},[47,28740,286],{"class":86},[47,28742,28743,28745,28747,28749],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,28744,83],{"class":82},[47,28746,87],{"class":86},[47,28748,9379],{"class":90},[47,28750,286],{"class":86},[20,28752,28753],{},[3922,28754,814],{},[38,28756,28758],{"className":40,"code":28757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28759,28760,28776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28761,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28763,87],{"class":86},[47,28765,3479],{"class":61},[47,28767,9913],{"class":65},[47,28769,3479],{"class":61},[47,28771,309],{"class":86},[47,28773,2630],{"class":445},[47,28775,286],{"class":86},[47,28777,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28779,9452],{"class":86},[47,28781,3479],{"class":61},[47,28783,455],{"class":65},[47,28785,3479],{"class":61},[47,28787,3062],{"class":86},[47,28789,5677],{"class":445},[47,28791,309],{"class":86},[47,28793,3474],{"class":61},[47,28795,2014],{"class":65},[47,28797,3479],{"class":61},[47,28799,3062],{"class":86},[47,28801,1769],{"class":445},[47,28803,9483],{"class":86},[20,28805,28806,28808],{},[15,28807,12947],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[149,28810,152,28812,155],{"id":28811},"what-popitem-does",[15,28813,12947],{},[20,28815,28816,3062],{},[15,28817,12947],{},[162,28819,28820,28823,28828,28831],{},[165,28821,28822],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[165,28824,28825,28826],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28827,21832],{},[165,28829,28830],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[165,28832,28833],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28835,28836],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[149,28838,261],{"id":260},[38,28840,28842],{"className":40,"code":28841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28843,28844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28845,28846,28848,28850,28852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28847,15784],{"class":53},[47,28849,94],{"class":86},[47,28851,28724],{"class":90},[47,28853,8817],{"class":86},[20,28855,11634],{},[162,28857,28858,28866,28869],{},[165,28859,28860,28862,28863],{},[15,28861,12947],{}," takes ",[3922,28864,28865],{},"no arguments",[165,28867,28868],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[165,28870,28871],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28873,28874,28875,6808],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[455,28876,28877],{"href":12744},[15,28878,12940],{},[149,28880,28882],{"id":28881},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28884,28885,28886,28888],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28887,12947],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28890,28891,28892,28895],"ol",{},[165,28893,28894],{},"the key",[165,28896,28897],{},"the value",[20,28899,183],{},[38,28901,28903],{"className":40,"code":28902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28904,28905,28941,28955,28959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28906,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28908,13383],{"class":53},[47,28910,58],{"class":57},[47,28912,10665],{"class":86},[47,28914,102],{"class":61},[47,28916,214],{"class":65},[47,28918,102],{"class":61},[47,28920,3062],{"class":86},[47,28922,62],{"class":61},[47,28924,5184],{"class":65},[47,28926,102],{"class":61},[47,28928,309],{"class":86},[47,28930,62],{"class":61},[47,28932,9473],{"class":65},[47,28934,102],{"class":61},[47,28936,3062],{"class":86},[47,28938,9480],{"class":445},[47,28940,9483],{"class":86},[47,28942,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28944,2407],{"class":53},[47,28946,58],{"class":57},[47,28948,13426],{"class":53},[47,28950,94],{"class":86},[47,28952,28724],{"class":90},[47,28954,8817],{"class":86},[47,28956,28957],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,28958,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,28962,83],{"class":82},[47,28964,87],{"class":86},[47,28966,2442],{"class":90},[47,28968,286],{"class":86},[20,28970,28971],{},[3922,28972,814],{},[38,28974,28976],{"className":40,"code":28975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28977,28978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28979,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28981,87],{"class":86},[47,28983,3479],{"class":61},[47,28985,9473],{"class":65},[47,28987,3479],{"class":61},[47,28989,309],{"class":86},[47,28991,9480],{"class":445},[47,28993,286],{"class":86},[20,28995,28996],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,28998,29000],{"className":40,"code":28999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29001,29002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29003,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29005,2407],{"class":53},[47,29007,58],{"class":57},[47,29009,13426],{"class":53},[47,29011,94],{"class":86},[47,29013,28724],{"class":90},[47,29015,8817],{"class":86},[20,29017,29018],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,29020,29022],{"className":40,"code":29021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29023,29024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29025,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29027,15021],{"class":53},[47,29029,309],{"class":86},[47,29031,21761],{"class":53},[47,29033,58],{"class":57},[47,29035,13426],{"class":53},[47,29037,94],{"class":86},[47,29039,28724],{"class":90},[47,29041,8817],{"class":86},[149,29043,11651],{"id":11650},[20,29045,29046],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,29048,29050],{"className":40,"code":29049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29051,29052,29100,29104,29119,29123,29143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29053,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29084,29086,29088,29091,29093,29095,29098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29055,5244],{"class":53},[47,29057,58],{"class":57},[47,29059,10665],{"class":86},[47,29061,102],{"class":61},[47,29063,29064],{"class":65},"Tom",[47,29066,102],{"class":61},[47,29068,3062],{"class":86},[47,29070,5256],{"class":445},[47,29072,309],{"class":86},[47,29074,62],{"class":61},[47,29076,13058],{"class":65},[47,29078,102],{"class":61},[47,29080,3062],{"class":86},[47,29082,29083],{"class":445}," 95",[47,29085,309],{"class":86},[47,29087,62],{"class":61},[47,29089,29090],{"class":65},"Leo",[47,29092,102],{"class":61},[47,29094,3062],{"class":86},[47,29096,29097],{"class":445}," 88",[47,29099,9483],{"class":86},[47,29101,29102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29103,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29105,29106,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29107,29108],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,29110,58],{"class":57},[47,29112,5291],{"class":53},[47,29114,94],{"class":86},[47,29116,28724],{"class":90},[47,29118,8817],{"class":86},[47,29120,29121],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,29122,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29124,29125,29127,29129,29131,29134,29136,29138,29141],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,29126,83],{"class":82},[47,29128,87],{"class":86},[47,29130,102],{"class":61},[47,29132,29133],{"class":65},"Removed:",[47,29135,102],{"class":61},[47,29137,309],{"class":86},[47,29139,29140],{"class":90}," removed_pair",[47,29142,286],{"class":86},[47,29144,29145,29147,29149,29151,29154,29156,29158,29160],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,29146,83],{"class":82},[47,29148,87],{"class":86},[47,29150,102],{"class":61},[47,29152,29153],{"class":65},"After removal:",[47,29155,102],{"class":61},[47,29157,309],{"class":86},[47,29159,5291],{"class":90},[47,29161,286],{"class":86},[20,29163,29164],{},[3922,29165,814],{},[38,29167,29169],{"className":40,"code":29168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29170,29171,29192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29172,29173,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29174,29175],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,29177,3062],{"class":86},[47,29179,1067],{"class":86},[47,29181,3479],{"class":61},[47,29183,29090],{"class":65},[47,29185,3479],{"class":61},[47,29187,309],{"class":86},[47,29189,29097],{"class":445},[47,29191,286],{"class":86},[47,29193,29194,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29195,29196],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,29198,3062],{"class":86},[47,29200,10665],{"class":86},[47,29202,3479],{"class":61},[47,29204,29064],{"class":65},[47,29206,3479],{"class":61},[47,29208,3062],{"class":86},[47,29210,5256],{"class":445},[47,29212,309],{"class":86},[47,29214,3474],{"class":61},[47,29216,13058],{"class":65},[47,29218,3479],{"class":61},[47,29220,3062],{"class":86},[47,29222,29083],{"class":445},[47,29224,9483],{"class":86},[20,29226,29227,29228,29231],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29229,29230],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[149,29233,29235],{"id":29234},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29237,29238,29239,29241],{},"Because ",[15,29240,12947],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,29243,29245],{"className":40,"code":29244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29246,29247,29283,29287,29306,29310,29329,29348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29248,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29250,15627],{"class":53},[47,29252,58],{"class":57},[47,29254,10665],{"class":86},[47,29256,102],{"class":61},[47,29258,15638],{"class":65},[47,29260,102],{"class":61},[47,29262,3062],{"class":86},[47,29264,62],{"class":61},[47,29266,15647],{"class":65},[47,29268,102],{"class":61},[47,29270,309],{"class":86},[47,29272,62],{"class":61},[47,29274,15658],{"class":65},[47,29276,102],{"class":61},[47,29278,3062],{"class":86},[47,29280,27085],{"class":445},[47,29282,9483],{"class":86},[47,29284,29285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29286,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29288,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29300,29302,29304],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29290,15021],{"class":53},[47,29292,309],{"class":86},[47,29294,21761],{"class":53},[47,29296,58],{"class":57},[47,29298,29299],{"class":53}," book",[47,29301,94],{"class":86},[47,29303,28724],{"class":90},[47,29305,8817],{"class":86},[47,29307,29308],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,29309,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29311,29312,29314,29316,29318,29321,29323,29325,29327],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,29313,83],{"class":82},[47,29315,87],{"class":86},[47,29317,102],{"class":61},[47,29319,29320],{"class":65},"Key:",[47,29322,102],{"class":61},[47,29324,309],{"class":86},[47,29326,21756],{"class":90},[47,29328,286],{"class":86},[47,29330,29331,29333,29335,29337,29340,29342,29344,29346],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,29332,83],{"class":82},[47,29334,87],{"class":86},[47,29336,102],{"class":61},[47,29338,29339],{"class":65},"Value:",[47,29341,102],{"class":61},[47,29343,309],{"class":86},[47,29345,8608],{"class":90},[47,29347,286],{"class":86},[47,29349,29350,29352,29354,29356,29359,29361,29363,29365],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,29351,83],{"class":82},[47,29353,87],{"class":86},[47,29355,102],{"class":61},[47,29357,29358],{"class":65},"Dictionary:",[47,29360,102],{"class":61},[47,29362,309],{"class":86},[47,29364,29299],{"class":90},[47,29366,286],{"class":86},[20,29368,29369],{},[3922,29370,814],{},[38,29372,29374],{"className":40,"code":29373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29375,29376,29386,29396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29377,29378,29381,29383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29379,29380],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29382,3062],{"class":86},[47,29384,29385],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29387,29388,29391,29393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29389,29390],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29392,3062],{"class":86},[47,29394,29395],{"class":445}," 200\n",[47,29397,29398,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29399,29400],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29402,3062],{"class":86},[47,29404,10665],{"class":86},[47,29406,3479],{"class":61},[47,29408,15638],{"class":65},[47,29410,3479],{"class":61},[47,29412,3062],{"class":86},[47,29414,3474],{"class":61},[47,29416,15647],{"class":65},[47,29418,3479],{"class":61},[47,29420,9483],{"class":86},[20,29422,29423],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[149,29425,29427],{"id":29426},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29429,29430,29431,28655,29433,94],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29432,12947],{},[3922,29434,28658],{},[20,29436,183],{},[38,29438,29440],{"className":40,"code":29439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29441,29442,29486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29443,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29445,9340],{"class":53},[47,29447,58],{"class":57},[47,29449,10665],{"class":86},[47,29451,102],{"class":61},[47,29453,2350],{"class":65},[47,29455,102],{"class":61},[47,29457,3062],{"class":86},[47,29459,5677],{"class":445},[47,29461,309],{"class":86},[47,29463,62],{"class":61},[47,29465,11922],{"class":65},[47,29467,102],{"class":61},[47,29469,3062],{"class":86},[47,29471,1769],{"class":445},[47,29473,309],{"class":86},[47,29475,62],{"class":61},[47,29477,22254],{"class":65},[47,29479,102],{"class":61},[47,29481,3062],{"class":86},[47,29483,2630],{"class":445},[47,29485,9483],{"class":86},[47,29487,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29489,83],{"class":82},[47,29491,87],{"class":86},[47,29493,9379],{"class":90},[47,29495,94],{"class":86},[47,29497,28724],{"class":90},[47,29499,7370],{"class":86},[20,29501,29502],{},[3922,29503,814],{},[38,29505,29507],{"className":40,"code":29506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29508,29509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29510,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29512,87],{"class":86},[47,29514,3479],{"class":61},[47,29516,22254],{"class":65},[47,29518,3479],{"class":61},[47,29520,309],{"class":86},[47,29522,2630],{"class":445},[47,29524,286],{"class":86},[20,29526,29527],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29529,29530,29531,29533,29534,29536],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3922,29532,4813],{}," think of ",[15,29535,12947],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29538,29539,29540,2366,29544,17251,29548,94],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[455,29541,29542],{"href":17254},[15,29543,17257],{},[455,29545,29546],{"href":17241},[15,29547,17244],{},[455,29549,29550],{"href":17247},[15,29551,17250],{},[149,29553,29555,29556,837,29558],{"id":29554},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29557,12947],{},[15,29559,12940],{},[20,29561,29562,837,29564,29566],{},[15,29563,12947],{},[15,29565,12940],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[469,29568,29569],{"id":28724},[15,29570,12947],{},[162,29572,29573,29576,29579],{},[165,29574,29575],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[165,29577,29578],{},"does not need a key argument",[165,29580,3870,29581],{},[15,29582,21832],{},[469,29584,29585],{"id":26419},[15,29586,12940],{},[162,29588,29589,29592,29595],{},[165,29590,29591],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[165,29593,29594],{},"needs the key name",[165,29596,29597],{},"returns only the value",[20,29599,183],{},[38,29601,29603],{"className":40,"code":29602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29604,29605,29649,29653,29667,29687,29691,29713,29732,29736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29606,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29608,9340],{"class":53},[47,29610,58],{"class":57},[47,29612,10665],{"class":86},[47,29614,102],{"class":61},[47,29616,455],{"class":65},[47,29618,102],{"class":61},[47,29620,3062],{"class":86},[47,29622,5677],{"class":445},[47,29624,309],{"class":86},[47,29626,62],{"class":61},[47,29628,2014],{"class":65},[47,29630,102],{"class":61},[47,29632,3062],{"class":86},[47,29634,1769],{"class":445},[47,29636,309],{"class":86},[47,29638,62],{"class":61},[47,29640,9913],{"class":65},[47,29642,102],{"class":61},[47,29644,3062],{"class":86},[47,29646,2630],{"class":445},[47,29648,9483],{"class":86},[47,29650,29651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29652,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29654,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29656,28715],{"class":53},[47,29658,58],{"class":57},[47,29660,14746],{"class":53},[47,29662,94],{"class":86},[47,29664,28724],{"class":90},[47,29666,8817],{"class":86},[47,29668,29669,29671,29673,29675,29678,29680,29682,29685],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,29670,83],{"class":82},[47,29672,87],{"class":86},[47,29674,102],{"class":61},[47,29676,29677],{"class":65},"popitem():",[47,29679,102],{"class":61},[47,29681,309],{"class":86},[47,29683,29684],{"class":90}," item",[47,29686,286],{"class":86},[47,29688,29689],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,29690,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29692,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,29694,1535],{"class":53},[47,29696,58],{"class":57},[47,29698,14746],{"class":53},[47,29700,94],{"class":86},[47,29702,26419],{"class":90},[47,29704,87],{"class":86},[47,29706,102],{"class":61},[47,29708,455],{"class":65},[47,29710,102],{"class":61},[47,29712,286],{"class":86},[47,29714,29715,29717,29719,29721,29724,29726,29728,29730],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,29716,83],{"class":82},[47,29718,87],{"class":86},[47,29720,102],{"class":61},[47,29722,29723],{"class":65},"pop('a'):",[47,29725,102],{"class":61},[47,29727,309],{"class":86},[47,29729,8608],{"class":90},[47,29731,286],{"class":86},[47,29733,29734],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,29735,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29737,29738,29740,29742,29744],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,29739,83],{"class":82},[47,29741,87],{"class":86},[47,29743,9379],{"class":90},[47,29745,286],{"class":86},[20,29747,29748],{},[3922,29749,814],{},[38,29751,29753],{"className":40,"code":29752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29754,29755,29776,29793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29756,29757,29759,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29758,28724],{"class":90},[47,29760,29761],{"class":86},"():",[47,29763,1067],{"class":86},[47,29765,3479],{"class":61},[47,29767,9913],{"class":65},[47,29769,3479],{"class":61},[47,29771,309],{"class":86},[47,29773,2630],{"class":445},[47,29775,286],{"class":86},[47,29777,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29779,26419],{"class":90},[47,29781,87],{"class":86},[47,29783,3479],{"class":61},[47,29785,455],{"class":65},[47,29787,3479],{"class":61},[47,29789,16632],{"class":86},[47,29791,29792],{"class":445}," 1\n",[47,29794,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803,29805,29807],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29796,9452],{"class":86},[47,29798,3479],{"class":61},[47,29800,2014],{"class":65},[47,29802,3479],{"class":61},[47,29804,3062],{"class":86},[47,29806,1769],{"class":445},[47,29808,9483],{"class":86},[20,29810,144,29811,29815],{},[455,29812,29813],{"href":12744},[15,29814,12940],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29817,144,29818,29820],{},[15,29819,12947],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[149,29822,29824],{"id":29823},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29826,1519,29827,29829],{},[15,29828,12947],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,29831,29833],{"className":40,"code":29832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29834,29835,29843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29836,29837,29839,29841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29838,9340],{"class":53},[47,29840,58],{"class":57},[47,29842,10012],{"class":86},[47,29844,29845,29847,29849,29851],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29846,9379],{"class":53},[47,29848,94],{"class":86},[47,29850,28724],{"class":90},[47,29852,8817],{"class":86},[20,29854,29855],{},[3922,29856,29857],{},"Error:",[38,29859,29861],{"className":40,"code":29860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29862,29863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29864,29865,29867,29869,29871,29874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29866,19866],{"class":1570},[47,29868,3062],{"class":86},[47,29870,3474],{"class":61},[47,29872,29873],{"class":65},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29875,29876],{"class":61},"'\n",[469,29878,29880],{"id":29879},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,29882,29884],{"className":40,"code":29883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29885,29886,29894,29898,29906,29921,29931,29937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29887,29888,29890,29892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29889,9340],{"class":53},[47,29891,58],{"class":57},[47,29893,10012],{"class":86},[47,29895,29896],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29897,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29899,29900,29902,29904],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29901,723],{"class":752},[47,29903,14746],{"class":53},[47,29905,795],{"class":86},[47,29907,29908,29911,29913,29915,29917,29919],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,29909,29910],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,29912,58],{"class":57},[47,29914,14746],{"class":53},[47,29916,94],{"class":86},[47,29918,28724],{"class":90},[47,29920,8817],{"class":86},[47,29922,29923,29925,29927,29929],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,29924,776],{"class":82},[47,29926,87],{"class":86},[47,29928,23487],{"class":90},[47,29930,286],{"class":86},[47,29932,29933,29935],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,29934,792],{"class":752},[47,29936,795],{"class":86},[47,29938,29939,29941,29943,29945,29948,29950],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,29940,776],{"class":82},[47,29942,87],{"class":86},[47,29944,102],{"class":61},[47,29946,29947],{"class":65},"Dictionary is empty",[47,29949,102],{"class":61},[47,29951,286],{"class":86},[469,29953,29955,29956],{"id":29954},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29957,29958],{},"try-except",[38,29960,29962],{"className":40,"code":29961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29963,29964,29972,29976,29983,29997,30007,30017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29965,29966,29968,29970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29967,9340],{"class":53},[47,29969,58],{"class":57},[47,29971,10012],{"class":86},[47,29973,29974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29975,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,29977,29978,29981],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,29979,29980],{"class":752},"try",[47,29982,795],{"class":86},[47,29984,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,29986,29910],{"class":53},[47,29988,58],{"class":57},[47,29990,14746],{"class":53},[47,29992,94],{"class":86},[47,29994,28724],{"class":90},[47,29996,8817],{"class":86},[47,29998,29999,30001,30003,30005],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,30000,776],{"class":82},[47,30002,87],{"class":86},[47,30004,23487],{"class":90},[47,30006,286],{"class":86},[47,30008,30009,30012,30015],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,30010,30011],{"class":752},"except",[47,30013,30014],{"class":1570}," KeyError",[47,30016,795],{"class":86},[47,30018,30019,30021,30023,30025,30028,30030],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,30020,776],{"class":82},[47,30022,87],{"class":86},[47,30024,102],{"class":61},[47,30026,30027],{"class":65},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,30029,102],{"class":61},[47,30031,286],{"class":86},[20,30033,30034,30035,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[455,30036,25857,30038],{"href":30037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30039,30040],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[149,30042,1321,30044],{"id":30043},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30045,12947],{},[20,30047,30048,30050],{},[15,30049,12947],{}," is useful when:",[162,30052,30053,30056,30059],{},[165,30054,30055],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[165,30057,30058],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[165,30060,30061],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30063,30064],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,30066,30068],{"className":40,"code":30067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30069,30070,30079,30099,30119,30137,30141,30145,30155,30174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30071,30072,30075,30077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30073,30074],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,30076,58],{"class":57},[47,30078,11669],{"class":86},[47,30080,30081,30083,30086,30088,30090,30092,30095,30097],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30082,11674],{"class":61},[47,30084,30085],{"class":65},"first",[47,30087,102],{"class":61},[47,30089,3062],{"class":86},[47,30091,62],{"class":61},[47,30093,30094],{"class":65},"wash dishes",[47,30096,102],{"class":61},[47,30098,11690],{"class":86},[47,30100,30101,30103,30106,30108,30110,30112,30115,30117],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30102,11674],{"class":61},[47,30104,30105],{"class":65},"second",[47,30107,102],{"class":61},[47,30109,3062],{"class":86},[47,30111,62],{"class":61},[47,30113,30114],{"class":65},"do homework",[47,30116,102],{"class":61},[47,30118,11690],{"class":86},[47,30120,30121,30123,30126,30128,30130,30132,30135],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,30122,11674],{"class":61},[47,30124,30125],{"class":65},"third",[47,30127,102],{"class":61},[47,30129,3062],{"class":86},[47,30131,62],{"class":61},[47,30133,30134],{"class":65},"read book",[47,30136,69],{"class":61},[47,30138,30139],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,30140,9483],{"class":86},[47,30142,30143],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,30144,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,30146,30147,30150,30153],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,30148,30149],{"class":752},"while",[47,30151,30152],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,30154,795],{"class":86},[47,30156,30157,30160,30162,30164,30166,30168,30170,30172],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,30158,30159],{"class":53},"    key",[47,30161,309],{"class":86},[47,30163,21761],{"class":53},[47,30165,58],{"class":57},[47,30167,30152],{"class":53},[47,30169,94],{"class":86},[47,30171,28724],{"class":90},[47,30173,8817],{"class":86},[47,30175,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,30177,776],{"class":82},[47,30179,87],{"class":86},[47,30181,22471],{"class":2242},[47,30183,102],{"class":65},[47,30185,9452],{"class":445},[47,30187,15021],{"class":90},[47,30189,22480],{"class":445},[47,30191,22483],{"class":65},[47,30193,9452],{"class":445},[47,30195,1587],{"class":90},[47,30197,22480],{"class":445},[47,30199,102],{"class":65},[47,30201,286],{"class":86},[20,30203,30204],{},[3922,30205,30206],{},"Possible output:",[38,30208,30210],{"className":40,"code":30209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30211,30212,30221,30230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30213,30214,30216,30218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30215,30125],{"class":53},[47,30217,3062],{"class":86},[47,30219,30220],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,30222,30223,30225,30227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30224,30105],{"class":53},[47,30226,3062],{"class":86},[47,30228,30229],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,30231,30232,30234,30236],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30233,30085],{"class":53},[47,30235,3062],{"class":86},[47,30237,30238],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,30240,29238,30241,30243],{},[15,30242,12947],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[149,30245,1425],{"id":1424},[20,30247,14913,30248,3062],{},[15,30249,12947],{},[162,30251,30252,30266,30285,30296],{},[165,30253,30254,30259],{},[3922,30255,1519,30256,30258],{},[15,30257,12947],{}," on an empty dictionary",[162,30260,30261],{},[165,30262,30263,30264,94],{},"This raises ",[15,30265,19866],{},[165,30267,30268,30273],{},[3922,30269,8628,30270,30272],{},[15,30271,12947],{}," to remove a specific key",[162,30274,30275,30278],{},[165,30276,30277],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[165,30279,144,30280,30284],{},[455,30281,30282],{"href":12744},[15,30283,12940],{}," if you need that.",[165,30286,30287,30291],{},[3922,30288,1710,30289,27877],{},[15,30290,12947],{},[162,30292,30293],{},[165,30294,30295],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[165,30297,30298,30301],{},[3922,30299,30300],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[162,30302,30303],{},[165,30304,30305,22152,30307,30309],{},[15,30306,12947],{},[15,30308,21832],{}," tuple.",[20,30311,30312],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,30314,30316],{"className":40,"code":30315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30317,30318,30328,30342,30346,30360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30319,30320,30322,30324,30326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30321,83],{"class":82},[47,30323,87],{"class":86},[47,30325,11625],{"class":90},[47,30327,286],{"class":86},[47,30329,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30331,83],{"class":82},[47,30333,87],{"class":86},[47,30335,11337],{"class":82},[47,30337,87],{"class":86},[47,30339,11625],{"class":90},[47,30341,1879],{"class":86},[47,30343,30344],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30345,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,30347,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,30349,28715],{"class":53},[47,30351,58],{"class":57},[47,30353,11943],{"class":53},[47,30355,94],{"class":86},[47,30357,28724],{"class":90},[47,30359,8817],{"class":86},[47,30361,30362,30364,30366,30368],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,30363,83],{"class":82},[47,30365,87],{"class":86},[47,30367,23487],{"class":90},[47,30369,286],{"class":86},[20,30371,30372],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,30374,30376],{"className":40,"code":30375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30377,30378,30396,30406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30379,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30381,15021],{"class":53},[47,30383,309],{"class":86},[47,30385,21761],{"class":53},[47,30387,58],{"class":57},[47,30389,11943],{"class":53},[47,30391,94],{"class":86},[47,30393,28724],{"class":90},[47,30395,8817],{"class":86},[47,30397,30398,30400,30402,30404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30399,83],{"class":82},[47,30401,87],{"class":86},[47,30403,15021],{"class":90},[47,30405,286],{"class":86},[47,30407,30408,30410,30412,30414],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30409,83],{"class":82},[47,30411,87],{"class":86},[47,30413,1587],{"class":90},[47,30415,286],{"class":86},[149,30417,1962],{"id":1961},[469,30419,5323,30421,5326],{"id":30420},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30422,12947],{},[20,30424,30425,30426,94],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30427,30428],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[469,30430,1966,30432,30434],{"id":30431},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30433,12947],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30436,30437],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[469,30439,30441,30442,30444],{"id":30440},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30443,12947],{}," removes?",[20,30446,30447,30448,30452],{},"No. Use ",[455,30449,30450],{"href":12744},[15,30451,12940],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[469,30454,1966,30456,15076],{"id":30455},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30457,12947],{},[20,30459,30460],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[469,30462,30464,30465,30467],{"id":30463},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30466,12947],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30469,30470,30471,30473,30474,94],{},"It raises ",[15,30472,19866],{}," with the message ",[15,30475,29873],{},[149,30477,2062],{"id":2061},[162,30479,30480,30487,30493,30499,30505,30512,30516,30520],{},[165,30481,30482],{},[455,30483,30484,30486],{"href":12744},[15,30485,12940],{}," method for dictionaries",[165,30488,30489],{},[455,30490,30491,30486],{"href":17254},[15,30492,17257],{},[165,30494,30495],{},[455,30496,30497,30486],{"href":17241},[15,30498,17244],{},[165,30500,30501],{},[455,30502,30503,30486],{"href":17247},[15,30504,17250],{},[165,30506,30507],{},[455,30508,30510,30486],{"href":30509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30511,11497],{},[165,30513,30514],{},[455,30515,12964],{"href":12751},[165,30517,30518],{},[455,30519,21634],{"href":16777},[165,30521,30522],{},[455,30523,30524,30525],{"href":30037},"Fix ",[15,30526,30040],{},[2093,30528,30529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":30531},[30532,30533,30535,30536,30537,30538,30539,30540,30545,30550,30552,30553,30565],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":28811,"depth":72,"text":30534},"What popitem() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":28881,"depth":72,"text":28882},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":29234,"depth":72,"text":29235},{"id":29426,"depth":72,"text":29427},{"id":29554,"depth":72,"text":30541,"children":30542},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30543,30544],{"id":28724,"depth":79,"text":12947},{"id":26419,"depth":79,"text":12940},{"id":29823,"depth":72,"text":29824,"children":30546},[30547,30548],{"id":29879,"depth":79,"text":29880},{"id":29954,"depth":79,"text":30549},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30043,"depth":72,"text":30551},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":30554},[30555,30557,30559,30561,30563],{"id":30420,"depth":79,"text":30556},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30431,"depth":79,"text":30558},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30440,"depth":79,"text":30560},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30455,"depth":79,"text":30562},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30463,"depth":79,"text":30564},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28550,"description":30566},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30573,"title":30574,"body":30575,"description":32475,"extension":2138,"meta":32476,"navigation":75,"path":14212,"seo":32477,"stem":32478,"__hash__":32479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30576,"toc":32447},[30577,30582,30587,30590,30592,30689,30694,30699,30704,30707,30715,30718,30733,30735,30835,30837,30894,30898,30900,30903,30923,30928,30939,30941,30968,30971,30973,31030,31032,31053,31059,31064,31067,31078,31080,31187,31189,31242,31244,31256,31263,31269,31274,31277,31365,31367,31412,31415,31423,31426,31429,31498,31501,31504,31508,31511,31582,31584,31637,31640,31643,31646,31661,31664,31676,31679,31742,31744,31750,31752,31754,31833,31835,31876,31878,31943,31945,31982,31987,31992,31996,32010,32013,32136,32138,32223,32228,32230,32234,32256,32258,32338,32341,32360,32365,32367,32373,32378,32384,32387,32393,32396,32402,32407,32413,32419,32421,32444],[10,30578,11494,30580,18],{"id":30579},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30581,15133],{},[20,30583,842,30584,30586],{},[15,30585,15133],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30588,30589],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[149,30591,2179],{"id":2178},[38,30593,30595],{"className":40,"code":30594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30596,30597,30633,30674,30684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30598,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30600,13383],{"class":53},[47,30602,58],{"class":57},[47,30604,10665],{"class":86},[47,30606,102],{"class":61},[47,30608,214],{"class":65},[47,30610,102],{"class":61},[47,30612,3062],{"class":86},[47,30614,62],{"class":61},[47,30616,13058],{"class":65},[47,30618,102],{"class":61},[47,30620,309],{"class":86},[47,30622,62],{"class":61},[47,30624,9473],{"class":65},[47,30626,102],{"class":61},[47,30628,3062],{"class":86},[47,30630,7966],{"class":445},[47,30632,9483],{"class":86},[47,30634,30635,30637,30639,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30636,17486],{"class":53},[47,30638,94],{"class":86},[47,30640,30641],{"class":90},"update",[47,30643,5708],{"class":86},[47,30645,102],{"class":61},[47,30647,9473],{"class":65},[47,30649,102],{"class":61},[47,30651,3062],{"class":86},[47,30653,30654],{"class":445}," 21",[47,30656,309],{"class":86},[47,30658,62],{"class":61},[47,30660,10583],{"class":65},[47,30662,102],{"class":61},[47,30664,3062],{"class":86},[47,30666,62],{"class":61},[47,30668,16211],{"class":65},[47,30670,102],{"class":61},[47,30672,30673],{"class":86},"})\n",[47,30675,30676,30678,30680,30682],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30677,83],{"class":82},[47,30679,87],{"class":86},[47,30681,17486],{"class":90},[47,30683,286],{"class":86},[47,30685,30686],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,30687,30688],{"class":113},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30690,144,30691,30693],{},[15,30692,15133],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[149,30695,152,30697,155],{"id":30696},"what-update-does",[15,30698,15133],{},[20,30700,30701,30703],{},[15,30702,15133],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30705,30706],{},"It can do two main things:",[162,30708,30709,30712],{},[165,30710,30711],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[165,30713,30714],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30716,30717],{},"Important things to know:",[162,30719,30720,30723,30726,30730],{},[165,30721,30722],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[165,30724,30725],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[165,30727,170,30728],{},[15,30729,3958],{},[165,30731,30732],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30734,183],{},[38,30736,30738],{"className":40,"code":30737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30739,30740,30782,30825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30741,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30778,30780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30743,13041],{"class":53},[47,30745,58],{"class":57},[47,30747,10665],{"class":86},[47,30749,102],{"class":61},[47,30751,214],{"class":65},[47,30753,102],{"class":61},[47,30755,3062],{"class":86},[47,30757,62],{"class":61},[47,30759,30760],{"class":65},"Mira",[47,30762,102],{"class":61},[47,30764,309],{"class":86},[47,30766,62],{"class":61},[47,30768,20070],{"class":65},[47,30770,102],{"class":61},[47,30772,3062],{"class":86},[47,30774,62],{"class":61},[47,30776,30777],{"class":65},"B",[47,30779,102],{"class":61},[47,30781,9483],{"class":86},[47,30783,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30821,30823],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30785,13805],{"class":53},[47,30787,94],{"class":86},[47,30789,30641],{"class":90},[47,30791,5708],{"class":86},[47,30793,102],{"class":61},[47,30795,20070],{"class":65},[47,30797,102],{"class":61},[47,30799,3062],{"class":86},[47,30801,62],{"class":61},[47,30803,22422],{"class":65},[47,30805,102],{"class":61},[47,30807,309],{"class":86},[47,30809,62],{"class":61},[47,30811,10583],{"class":65},[47,30813,102],{"class":61},[47,30815,3062],{"class":86},[47,30817,62],{"class":61},[47,30819,30820],{"class":65},"Quito",[47,30822,102],{"class":61},[47,30824,30673],{"class":86},[47,30826,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,30828,83],{"class":82},[47,30830,87],{"class":86},[47,30832,13805],{"class":90},[47,30834,286],{"class":86},[20,30836,814],{},[38,30838,30840],{"className":40,"code":30839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30841,30842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30843,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30845,9452],{"class":86},[47,30847,3479],{"class":61},[47,30849,214],{"class":65},[47,30851,3479],{"class":61},[47,30853,3062],{"class":86},[47,30855,3474],{"class":61},[47,30857,30760],{"class":65},[47,30859,3479],{"class":61},[47,30861,309],{"class":86},[47,30863,3474],{"class":61},[47,30865,20070],{"class":65},[47,30867,3479],{"class":61},[47,30869,3062],{"class":86},[47,30871,3474],{"class":61},[47,30873,22422],{"class":65},[47,30875,3479],{"class":61},[47,30877,309],{"class":86},[47,30879,3474],{"class":61},[47,30881,10583],{"class":65},[47,30883,3479],{"class":61},[47,30885,3062],{"class":86},[47,30887,3474],{"class":61},[47,30889,30820],{"class":65},[47,30891,3479],{"class":61},[47,30893,9483],{"class":86},[20,30895,9326,30896,94],{},[455,30897,24805],{"href":9564},[149,30899,261],{"id":260},[20,30901,30902],{},"The basic form is:",[38,30904,30906],{"className":40,"code":30905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30907,30908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30909,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30911,15784],{"class":53},[47,30913,94],{"class":86},[47,30915,30641],{"class":90},[47,30917,87],{"class":86},[47,30919,30920],{"class":90},"other",[47,30922,286],{"class":86},[20,30924,30925,30927],{},[15,30926,30920],{}," can be:",[162,30929,30930,30933,30936],{},[165,30931,30932],{},"Another dictionary",[165,30934,30935],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[165,30937,30938],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30940,289],{},[38,30942,30944],{"className":40,"code":30943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30945,30946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30947,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30949,15784],{"class":53},[47,30951,94],{"class":86},[47,30953,30641],{"class":90},[47,30955,87],{"class":86},[47,30957,214],{"class":9350},[47,30959,58],{"class":57},[47,30961,102],{"class":61},[47,30963,7852],{"class":65},[47,30965,102],{"class":61},[47,30967,286],{"class":86},[20,30969,30970],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30972,183],{},[38,30974,30976],{"className":40,"code":30975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30977,30978,30998,31020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30979,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30981,9340],{"class":53},[47,30983,58],{"class":57},[47,30985,10665],{"class":86},[47,30987,102],{"class":61},[47,30989,455],{"class":65},[47,30991,102],{"class":61},[47,30993,3062],{"class":86},[47,30995,5677],{"class":445},[47,30997,9483],{"class":86},[47,30999,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31001,9379],{"class":53},[47,31003,94],{"class":86},[47,31005,30641],{"class":90},[47,31007,5708],{"class":86},[47,31009,102],{"class":61},[47,31011,455],{"class":65},[47,31013,102],{"class":61},[47,31015,3062],{"class":86},[47,31017,6184],{"class":445},[47,31019,30673],{"class":86},[47,31021,31022,31024,31026,31028],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31023,83],{"class":82},[47,31025,87],{"class":86},[47,31027,9379],{"class":90},[47,31029,286],{"class":86},[20,31031,814],{},[38,31033,31035],{"className":40,"code":31034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31036,31037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31038,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31040,9452],{"class":86},[47,31042,3479],{"class":61},[47,31044,455],{"class":65},[47,31046,3479],{"class":61},[47,31048,3062],{"class":86},[47,31050,6184],{"class":445},[47,31052,9483],{"class":86},[149,31054,831,31056,31058],{"id":31055},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31057,15133],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31060,31061,31062,94],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31063,15133],{},[20,31065,31066],{},"It is useful when:",[162,31068,31069,31072,31075],{},[165,31070,31071],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[165,31073,31074],{},"Adding extra settings",[165,31076,31077],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31079,183],{},[38,31081,31083],{"className":40,"code":31082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31084,31085,31121,31158,31162,31177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31086,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31088,14005],{"class":53},[47,31090,58],{"class":57},[47,31092,10665],{"class":86},[47,31094,102],{"class":61},[47,31096,12672],{"class":65},[47,31098,102],{"class":61},[47,31100,3062],{"class":86},[47,31102,62],{"class":61},[47,31104,21106],{"class":65},[47,31106,102],{"class":61},[47,31108,309],{"class":86},[47,31110,62],{"class":61},[47,31112,14030],{"class":65},[47,31114,102],{"class":61},[47,31116,3062],{"class":86},[47,31118,981],{"class":445},[47,31120,9483],{"class":86},[47,31122,31123,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31124,31125],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,31127,58],{"class":57},[47,31129,10665],{"class":86},[47,31131,102],{"class":61},[47,31133,14030],{"class":65},[47,31135,102],{"class":61},[47,31137,3062],{"class":86},[47,31139,14037],{"class":445},[47,31141,309],{"class":86},[47,31143,62],{"class":61},[47,31145,20302],{"class":65},[47,31147,102],{"class":61},[47,31149,3062],{"class":86},[47,31151,62],{"class":61},[47,31153,20336],{"class":65},[47,31155,102],{"class":61},[47,31157,9483],{"class":86},[47,31159,31160],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31161,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,31163,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31175],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,31165,14064],{"class":53},[47,31167,94],{"class":86},[47,31169,30641],{"class":90},[47,31171,87],{"class":86},[47,31173,31174],{"class":90},"new_settings",[47,31176,286],{"class":86},[47,31178,31179,31181,31183,31185],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,31180,83],{"class":82},[47,31182,87],{"class":86},[47,31184,14064],{"class":90},[47,31186,286],{"class":86},[20,31188,814],{},[38,31190,31192],{"className":40,"code":31191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31193,31194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31195,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31197,9452],{"class":86},[47,31199,3479],{"class":61},[47,31201,12672],{"class":65},[47,31203,3479],{"class":61},[47,31205,3062],{"class":86},[47,31207,3474],{"class":61},[47,31209,21106],{"class":65},[47,31211,3479],{"class":61},[47,31213,309],{"class":86},[47,31215,3474],{"class":61},[47,31217,14030],{"class":65},[47,31219,3479],{"class":61},[47,31221,3062],{"class":86},[47,31223,14037],{"class":445},[47,31225,309],{"class":86},[47,31227,3474],{"class":61},[47,31229,20302],{"class":65},[47,31231,3479],{"class":61},[47,31233,3062],{"class":86},[47,31235,3474],{"class":61},[47,31237,20336],{"class":65},[47,31239,3479],{"class":61},[47,31241,9483],{"class":86},[20,31243,13588],{},[162,31245,31246,31251],{},[165,31247,31248,31250],{},[15,31249,14030],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[165,31252,31253,31255],{},[15,31254,20302],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31257,31258,31259,94],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[455,31260,31262],{"href":31261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[149,31264,831,31266,31268],{"id":31265},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31267,15133],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31270,31271,31273],{},[15,31272,15133],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31275,31276],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,31278,31280],{"className":40,"code":31279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31281,31282,31302,31337,31341,31355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31283,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31285,5244],{"class":53},[47,31287,58],{"class":57},[47,31289,10665],{"class":86},[47,31291,102],{"class":61},[47,31293,18595],{"class":65},[47,31295,102],{"class":61},[47,31297,3062],{"class":86},[47,31299,20077],{"class":445},[47,31301,9483],{"class":86},[47,31303,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31329,31331,31333,31335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31305,9390],{"class":53},[47,31307,58],{"class":57},[47,31309,9395],{"class":86},[47,31311,102],{"class":61},[47,31313,18604],{"class":65},[47,31315,102],{"class":61},[47,31317,309],{"class":86},[47,31319,13686],{"class":445},[47,31321,9408],{"class":86},[47,31323,1067],{"class":86},[47,31325,102],{"class":61},[47,31327,31328],{"class":65},"english",[47,31330,102],{"class":61},[47,31332,309],{"class":86},[47,31334,29097],{"class":445},[47,31336,9423],{"class":86},[47,31338,31339],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31340,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,31342,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,31344,16569],{"class":53},[47,31346,94],{"class":86},[47,31348,30641],{"class":90},[47,31350,87],{"class":86},[47,31352,9436],{"class":90},[47,31354,286],{"class":86},[47,31356,31357,31359,31361,31363],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,31358,83],{"class":82},[47,31360,87],{"class":86},[47,31362,16569],{"class":90},[47,31364,286],{"class":86},[20,31366,814],{},[38,31368,31370],{"className":40,"code":31369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31371,31372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31373,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31375,9452],{"class":86},[47,31377,3479],{"class":61},[47,31379,18595],{"class":65},[47,31381,3479],{"class":61},[47,31383,3062],{"class":86},[47,31385,20077],{"class":445},[47,31387,309],{"class":86},[47,31389,3474],{"class":61},[47,31391,18604],{"class":65},[47,31393,3479],{"class":61},[47,31395,3062],{"class":86},[47,31397,13686],{"class":445},[47,31399,309],{"class":86},[47,31401,3474],{"class":61},[47,31403,31328],{"class":65},[47,31405,3479],{"class":61},[47,31407,3062],{"class":86},[47,31409,29097],{"class":445},[47,31411,9483],{"class":86},[20,31413,31414],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[162,31416,31417,31420],{},[165,31418,31419],{},"The key",[165,31421,31422],{},"The value",[20,31424,31425],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31427,31428],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,31430,31432],{"className":40,"code":31431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31433,31434,31454,31479,31483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31435,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31437,9340],{"class":53},[47,31439,58],{"class":57},[47,31441,10665],{"class":86},[47,31443,102],{"class":61},[47,31445,455],{"class":65},[47,31447,102],{"class":61},[47,31449,3062],{"class":86},[47,31451,5677],{"class":445},[47,31453,9483],{"class":86},[47,31455,31456,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31457,31458],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31460,58],{"class":57},[47,31462,9395],{"class":86},[47,31464,102],{"class":61},[47,31466,2014],{"class":65},[47,31468,102],{"class":61},[47,31470,309],{"class":86},[47,31472,1769],{"class":445},[47,31474,309],{"class":86},[47,31476,2630],{"class":445},[47,31478,9423],{"class":86},[47,31480,31481],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31482,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,31484,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31496],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,31486,9379],{"class":53},[47,31488,94],{"class":86},[47,31490,30641],{"class":90},[47,31492,87],{"class":86},[47,31494,31495],{"class":90},"bad_pairs",[47,31497,286],{"class":86},[20,31499,31500],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31502,31503],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[149,31505,31507],{"id":31506},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31509,31510],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,31512,31514],{"className":40,"code":31513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31515,31516,31540,31572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31517,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31519,11664],{"class":53},[47,31521,58],{"class":57},[47,31523,10665],{"class":86},[47,31525,102],{"class":61},[47,31527,214],{"class":65},[47,31529,102],{"class":61},[47,31531,3062],{"class":86},[47,31533,62],{"class":61},[47,31535,29090],{"class":65},[47,31537,102],{"class":61},[47,31539,9483],{"class":86},[47,31541,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31561,31563,31565,31568,31570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31543,11758],{"class":53},[47,31545,94],{"class":86},[47,31547,30641],{"class":90},[47,31549,87],{"class":86},[47,31551,9473],{"class":9350},[47,31553,58],{"class":57},[47,31555,9368],{"class":445},[47,31557,309],{"class":86},[47,31559,31560],{"class":9350}," city",[47,31562,58],{"class":57},[47,31564,102],{"class":61},[47,31566,31567],{"class":65},"Madrid",[47,31569,102],{"class":61},[47,31571,286],{"class":86},[47,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31575,83],{"class":82},[47,31577,87],{"class":86},[47,31579,11758],{"class":90},[47,31581,286],{"class":86},[20,31583,814],{},[38,31585,31587],{"className":40,"code":31586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31588,31589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31590,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31592,9452],{"class":86},[47,31594,3479],{"class":61},[47,31596,214],{"class":65},[47,31598,3479],{"class":61},[47,31600,3062],{"class":86},[47,31602,3474],{"class":61},[47,31604,29090],{"class":65},[47,31606,3479],{"class":61},[47,31608,309],{"class":86},[47,31610,3474],{"class":61},[47,31612,9473],{"class":65},[47,31614,3479],{"class":61},[47,31616,3062],{"class":86},[47,31618,9480],{"class":445},[47,31620,309],{"class":86},[47,31622,3474],{"class":61},[47,31624,10583],{"class":65},[47,31626,3479],{"class":61},[47,31628,3062],{"class":86},[47,31630,3474],{"class":61},[47,31632,31567],{"class":65},[47,31634,3479],{"class":61},[47,31636,9483],{"class":86},[20,31638,31639],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31641,31642],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31644,31645],{},"These work:",[162,31647,31648,31652,31656],{},[165,31649,31650],{},[15,31651,9473],{},[165,31653,31654],{},[15,31655,10583],{},[165,31657,31658],{},[15,31659,31660],{},"first_name",[20,31662,31663],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[162,31665,31666,31671],{},[165,31667,31668],{},[15,31669,31670],{},"\"first name\"",[165,31672,31673],{},[15,31674,31675],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31677,31678],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,31680,31682],{"className":40,"code":31681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31683,31684,31692,31732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31685,31686,31688,31690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31687,11664],{"class":53},[47,31689,58],{"class":57},[47,31691,10012],{"class":86},[47,31693,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31723,31725,31727,31730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31695,11758],{"class":53},[47,31697,94],{"class":86},[47,31699,30641],{"class":90},[47,31701,5708],{"class":86},[47,31703,102],{"class":61},[47,31705,10687],{"class":65},[47,31707,102],{"class":61},[47,31709,3062],{"class":86},[47,31711,62],{"class":61},[47,31713,29090],{"class":65},[47,31715,102],{"class":61},[47,31717,309],{"class":86},[47,31719,62],{"class":61},[47,31721,31722],{"class":65},"user-id",[47,31724,102],{"class":61},[47,31726,3062],{"class":86},[47,31728,31729],{"class":445}," 1001",[47,31731,30673],{"class":86},[47,31733,31734,31736,31738,31740],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31735,83],{"class":82},[47,31737,87],{"class":86},[47,31739,11758],{"class":90},[47,31741,286],{"class":86},[149,31743,700],{"id":699},[20,31745,31746,2576,31748,94],{},[15,31747,15133],{},[15,31749,3958],{},[20,31751,14228],{},[20,31753,24885],{},[38,31755,31757],{"className":40,"code":31756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31758,31759,31783,31809,31813,31823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31760,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31762,13383],{"class":53},[47,31764,58],{"class":57},[47,31766,10665],{"class":86},[47,31768,102],{"class":61},[47,31770,214],{"class":65},[47,31772,102],{"class":61},[47,31774,3062],{"class":86},[47,31776,62],{"class":61},[47,31778,13058],{"class":65},[47,31780,102],{"class":61},[47,31782,9483],{"class":86},[47,31784,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31786,2407],{"class":53},[47,31788,58],{"class":57},[47,31790,13426],{"class":53},[47,31792,94],{"class":86},[47,31794,30641],{"class":90},[47,31796,5708],{"class":86},[47,31798,102],{"class":61},[47,31800,9473],{"class":65},[47,31802,102],{"class":61},[47,31804,3062],{"class":86},[47,31806,7966],{"class":445},[47,31808,30673],{"class":86},[47,31810,31811],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31812,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,31814,31815,31817,31819,31821],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,31816,83],{"class":82},[47,31818,87],{"class":86},[47,31820,2442],{"class":90},[47,31822,286],{"class":86},[47,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,31826,83],{"class":82},[47,31828,87],{"class":86},[47,31830,17486],{"class":90},[47,31832,286],{"class":86},[20,31834,814],{},[38,31836,31838],{"className":40,"code":31837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31839,31840,31844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31841,31842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31843,11985],{"class":4032},[47,31845,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31847,9452],{"class":86},[47,31849,3479],{"class":61},[47,31851,214],{"class":65},[47,31853,3479],{"class":61},[47,31855,3062],{"class":86},[47,31857,3474],{"class":61},[47,31859,13058],{"class":65},[47,31861,3479],{"class":61},[47,31863,309],{"class":86},[47,31865,3474],{"class":61},[47,31867,9473],{"class":65},[47,31869,3479],{"class":61},[47,31871,3062],{"class":86},[47,31873,7966],{"class":445},[47,31875,9483],{"class":86},[20,31877,1795],{},[38,31879,31881],{"className":40,"code":31880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31882,31883,31907,31929,31933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31884,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31886,13383],{"class":53},[47,31888,58],{"class":57},[47,31890,10665],{"class":86},[47,31892,102],{"class":61},[47,31894,214],{"class":65},[47,31896,102],{"class":61},[47,31898,3062],{"class":86},[47,31900,62],{"class":61},[47,31902,13058],{"class":65},[47,31904,102],{"class":61},[47,31906,9483],{"class":86},[47,31908,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31910,17486],{"class":53},[47,31912,94],{"class":86},[47,31914,30641],{"class":90},[47,31916,5708],{"class":86},[47,31918,102],{"class":61},[47,31920,9473],{"class":65},[47,31922,102],{"class":61},[47,31924,3062],{"class":86},[47,31926,7966],{"class":445},[47,31928,30673],{"class":86},[47,31930,31931],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,31932,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,31934,31935,31937,31939,31941],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,31936,83],{"class":82},[47,31938,87],{"class":86},[47,31940,17486],{"class":90},[47,31942,286],{"class":86},[20,31944,814],{},[38,31946,31948],{"className":40,"code":31947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31949,31950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31951,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31953,9452],{"class":86},[47,31955,3479],{"class":61},[47,31957,214],{"class":65},[47,31959,3479],{"class":61},[47,31961,3062],{"class":86},[47,31963,3474],{"class":61},[47,31965,13058],{"class":65},[47,31967,3479],{"class":61},[47,31969,309],{"class":86},[47,31971,3474],{"class":61},[47,31973,9473],{"class":65},[47,31975,3479],{"class":61},[47,31977,3062],{"class":86},[47,31979,7966],{"class":445},[47,31981,9483],{"class":86},[20,31983,31984,31985,94],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[455,31986,18082],{"href":10906},[149,31988,1321,31990],{"id":31989},"when-to-use-update",[15,31991,15133],{},[20,31993,144,31994,10776],{},[15,31995,15133],{},[162,31997,31998,32001,32004,32007],{},[165,31999,32000],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[165,32002,32003],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[165,32005,32006],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[165,32008,32009],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32011,32012],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,32014,32016],{"className":40,"code":32015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32017,32018,32054,32069,32073,32112,32116,32126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32019,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32021,12263],{"class":53},[47,32023,58],{"class":57},[47,32025,10665],{"class":86},[47,32027,102],{"class":61},[47,32029,214],{"class":65},[47,32031,102],{"class":61},[47,32033,3062],{"class":86},[47,32035,62],{"class":61},[47,32037,13058],{"class":65},[47,32039,102],{"class":61},[47,32041,309],{"class":86},[47,32043,62],{"class":61},[47,32045,9473],{"class":65},[47,32047,102],{"class":61},[47,32049,3062],{"class":86},[47,32051,7966],{"class":445},[47,32053,9483],{"class":86},[47,32055,32056,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32057,32058],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,32060,58],{"class":57},[47,32062,12338],{"class":53},[47,32064,94],{"class":86},[47,32066,13089],{"class":90},[47,32068,8817],{"class":86},[47,32070,32071],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,32072,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32074,32075,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,32076,32077],{"class":53},"updated",[47,32079,94],{"class":86},[47,32081,30641],{"class":90},[47,32083,5708],{"class":86},[47,32085,102],{"class":61},[47,32087,9473],{"class":65},[47,32089,102],{"class":61},[47,32091,3062],{"class":86},[47,32093,30654],{"class":445},[47,32095,309],{"class":86},[47,32097,62],{"class":61},[47,32099,10583],{"class":65},[47,32101,102],{"class":61},[47,32103,3062],{"class":86},[47,32105,62],{"class":61},[47,32107,16211],{"class":65},[47,32109,102],{"class":61},[47,32111,30673],{"class":86},[47,32113,32114],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,32115,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32117,32118,32120,32122,32124],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,32119,83],{"class":82},[47,32121,87],{"class":86},[47,32123,12310],{"class":90},[47,32125,286],{"class":86},[47,32127,32128,32130,32132,32134],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,32129,83],{"class":82},[47,32131,87],{"class":86},[47,32133,32077],{"class":90},[47,32135,286],{"class":86},[20,32137,814],{},[38,32139,32141],{"className":40,"code":32140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32142,32143,32175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32144,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32146,9452],{"class":86},[47,32148,3479],{"class":61},[47,32150,214],{"class":65},[47,32152,3479],{"class":61},[47,32154,3062],{"class":86},[47,32156,3474],{"class":61},[47,32158,13058],{"class":65},[47,32160,3479],{"class":61},[47,32162,309],{"class":86},[47,32164,3474],{"class":61},[47,32166,9473],{"class":65},[47,32168,3479],{"class":61},[47,32170,3062],{"class":86},[47,32172,7966],{"class":445},[47,32174,9483],{"class":86},[47,32176,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32178,9452],{"class":86},[47,32180,3479],{"class":61},[47,32182,214],{"class":65},[47,32184,3479],{"class":61},[47,32186,3062],{"class":86},[47,32188,3474],{"class":61},[47,32190,13058],{"class":65},[47,32192,3479],{"class":61},[47,32194,309],{"class":86},[47,32196,3474],{"class":61},[47,32198,9473],{"class":65},[47,32200,3479],{"class":61},[47,32202,3062],{"class":86},[47,32204,30654],{"class":445},[47,32206,309],{"class":86},[47,32208,3474],{"class":61},[47,32210,10583],{"class":65},[47,32212,3479],{"class":61},[47,32214,3062],{"class":86},[47,32216,3474],{"class":61},[47,32218,16211],{"class":65},[47,32220,3479],{"class":61},[47,32222,9483],{"class":86},[20,32224,32225,32226,94],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[455,32227,16778],{"href":16777},[149,32229,1425],{"id":1424},[20,32231,10922,32232,3062],{},[15,32233,15133],{},[162,32235,32236,32243,32247,32250,32253],{},[165,32237,12772,32238,32240,32241],{},[15,32239,15133],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32242,3958],{},[165,32244,8628,32245,12780],{},[15,32246,15133],{},[165,32248,32249],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[165,32251,32252],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[165,32254,32255],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32257,1848],{},[38,32259,32261],{"className":40,"code":32260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32262,32263,32273,32287,32301,32323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32264,32265,32267,32269,32271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32266,83],{"class":82},[47,32268,87],{"class":86},[47,32270,11625],{"class":90},[47,32272,286],{"class":86},[47,32274,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32276,83],{"class":82},[47,32278,87],{"class":86},[47,32280,1872],{"class":1570},[47,32282,87],{"class":86},[47,32284,9379],{"class":90},[47,32286,1879],{"class":86},[47,32288,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,32290,83],{"class":82},[47,32292,87],{"class":86},[47,32294,8269],{"class":1570},[47,32296,87],{"class":86},[47,32298,9379],{"class":90},[47,32300,1879],{"class":86},[47,32302,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,32304,83],{"class":82},[47,32306,87],{"class":86},[47,32308,11625],{"class":90},[47,32310,94],{"class":86},[47,32312,19929],{"class":90},[47,32314,87],{"class":86},[47,32316,3479],{"class":61},[47,32318,15021],{"class":65},[47,32320,3479],{"class":61},[47,32322,1879],{"class":86},[47,32324,32325,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,32326,32327],{"class":82},"help",[47,32329,87],{"class":86},[47,32331,8995],{"class":1570},[47,32333,94],{"class":86},[47,32335,30641],{"class":24927},[47,32337,286],{"class":86},[20,32339,32340],{},"These can help you check:",[162,32342,32343,32346,32351,32354,32357],{},[165,32344,32345],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[165,32347,32348,32349],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32350,15133],{},[165,32352,32353],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[165,32355,32356],{},"Whether a key exists",[165,32358,32359],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32361,32362,32363,94],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[455,32364,11438],{"href":11249},[149,32366,1962],{"id":1961},[469,32368,1966,32370,32372],{"id":32369},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32371,15133],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32374,32375,32376,94],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32377,3958],{},[469,32379,1966,32381,32383],{"id":32380},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32382,15133],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32385,32386],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[469,32388,1980,32390,32392],{"id":32389},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32391,15133],{}," add new keys?",[20,32394,32395],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[469,32397,2049,32399,32401],{"id":32398},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32400,15133],{}," with a list?",[20,32403,32404,32405,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32406,11270],{},[469,32408,2032,32410,32412],{"id":32409},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32411,15133],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32414,32415,32416,32418],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32417,15133],{}," can change many keys at once.",[149,32420,2062],{"id":2061},[162,32422,32423,32427,32431,32436,32440],{},[165,32424,32425],{},[455,32426,26273],{"href":9564},[165,32428,32429],{},[455,32430,11427],{"href":10906},[165,32432,32433],{},[455,32434,32435],{"href":31261},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[165,32437,32438],{},[455,32439,21634],{"href":16777},[165,32441,32442],{},[455,32443,11438],{"href":11249},[2093,32445,32446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":32448},[32449,32450,32452,32453,32455,32457,32458,32459,32461,32462,32474],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":30696,"depth":72,"text":32451},"What update() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":31055,"depth":72,"text":32454},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31265,"depth":72,"text":32456},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31506,"depth":72,"text":31507},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":31989,"depth":72,"text":32460},"When to use update()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":32463},[32464,32466,32468,32470,32472],{"id":32369,"depth":79,"text":32465},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32380,"depth":79,"text":32467},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32389,"depth":79,"text":32469},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32398,"depth":79,"text":32471},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32409,"depth":79,"text":32473},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30574,"description":32475},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32481,"title":32482,"body":32483,"description":34472,"extension":2138,"meta":34473,"navigation":75,"path":23072,"seo":34474,"stem":34475,"__hash__":34476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32484,"toc":34435},[32485,32490,32497,32500,32502,32601,32603,32658,32663,32668,32682,32687,32689,32704,32706,32720,32733,32738,32744,32751,32753,32860,32862,32911,32917,32992,32994,33015,33017,33020,33125,33127,33182,33184,33212,33216,33221,33300,33302,33322,33324,33335,33345,33349,33354,33458,33460,33485,33488,33499,33504,33513,33516,33533,33535,33622,33624,33687,33689,33712,33714,33719,33725,33730,33732,33771,33777,33780,33799,33810,33816,33819,33892,33894,33913,33918,33921,33944,33950,33953,34017,34020,34097,34104,34107,34166,34172,34174,34193,34197,34200,34251,34254,34274,34276,34337,34339,34344,34349,34354,34359,34364,34369,34375,34378,34387,34395,34397,34432],[10,32486,11494,32488,18],{"id":32487},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32489,17250],{},[20,32491,32492,32493,32496],{},"The Python ",[15,32494,32495],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32498,32499],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[149,32501,2179],{"id":2178},[38,32503,32505],{"className":40,"code":32504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32506,32507,32559,32573,32577,32587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32508,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32510,13041],{"class":53},[47,32512,58],{"class":57},[47,32514,10665],{"class":86},[47,32516,102],{"class":61},[47,32518,214],{"class":65},[47,32520,102],{"class":61},[47,32522,3062],{"class":86},[47,32524,62],{"class":61},[47,32526,13058],{"class":65},[47,32528,102],{"class":61},[47,32530,309],{"class":86},[47,32532,62],{"class":61},[47,32534,9473],{"class":65},[47,32536,102],{"class":61},[47,32538,3062],{"class":86},[47,32540,7966],{"class":445},[47,32542,309],{"class":86},[47,32544,62],{"class":61},[47,32546,10583],{"class":65},[47,32548,102],{"class":61},[47,32550,3062],{"class":86},[47,32552,62],{"class":61},[47,32554,16211],{"class":65},[47,32556,102],{"class":61},[47,32558,9483],{"class":86},[47,32560,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32562,4003],{"class":53},[47,32564,58],{"class":57},[47,32566,13084],{"class":53},[47,32568,94],{"class":86},[47,32570,5538],{"class":90},[47,32572,8817],{"class":86},[47,32574,32575],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,32576,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32578,32579,32581,32583,32585],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,32580,83],{"class":82},[47,32582,87],{"class":86},[47,32584,5538],{"class":90},[47,32586,286],{"class":86},[47,32588,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,32590,83],{"class":82},[47,32592,87],{"class":86},[47,32594,8269],{"class":1570},[47,32596,87],{"class":86},[47,32598,5538],{"class":90},[47,32600,1879],{"class":86},[20,32602,814],{},[38,32604,32606],{"className":40,"code":32605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32607,32608,32634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32609,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32611,17216],{"class":90},[47,32613,3163],{"class":86},[47,32615,3479],{"class":61},[47,32617,13058],{"class":65},[47,32619,3479],{"class":61},[47,32621,309],{"class":86},[47,32623,7966],{"class":445},[47,32625,309],{"class":86},[47,32627,3474],{"class":61},[47,32629,16211],{"class":65},[47,32631,3479],{"class":61},[47,32633,4068],{"class":86},[47,32635,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32637,4080],{"class":86},[47,32639,3479],{"class":61},[47,32641,13058],{"class":65},[47,32643,3479],{"class":61},[47,32645,309],{"class":86},[47,32647,7966],{"class":445},[47,32649,309],{"class":86},[47,32651,3474],{"class":61},[47,32653,16211],{"class":65},[47,32655,3479],{"class":61},[47,32657,3816],{"class":86},[20,32659,32660,32662],{},[15,32661,17250],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[149,32664,152,32666,155],{"id":32665},"what-values-does",[15,32667,17250],{},[162,32669,32670,32673,32676,32679],{},[165,32671,32672],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[165,32674,32675],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[165,32677,32678],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[165,32680,32681],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32683,32684,32685,94],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[455,32686,9565],{"href":9564},[149,32688,261],{"id":260},[38,32690,32692],{"className":40,"code":32691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32693,32694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32695,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32697,11625],{"class":53},[47,32699,94],{"class":86},[47,32701,5538],{"class":90},[47,32703,8817],{"class":86},[20,32705,13230],{},[162,32707,32708,32712,32715],{},[165,32709,32710,11641],{},[15,32711,17250],{},[165,32713,32714],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[165,32716,32717,32718],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32719,17250],{},[20,32721,32722,32723,837,32728,94],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[455,32724,32725,32727],{"href":17241},[15,32726,17244],{}," for dictionary keys",[455,32729,32730,32732],{"href":17254},[15,32731,17257],{}," for key-value pairs",[149,32734,152,32736,11882],{"id":32735},"what-values-returns",[15,32737,17250],{},[20,32739,32740,22152,32742,24941],{},[15,32741,17250],{},[15,32743,17216],{},[20,32745,32746,32747,32750],{},"This object is a ",[3922,32748,32749],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32752,183],{},[38,32754,32756],{"className":40,"code":32755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32757,32758,32794,32798,32813,32824,32828,32850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32759,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32761,13383],{"class":53},[47,32763,58],{"class":57},[47,32765,10665],{"class":86},[47,32767,102],{"class":61},[47,32769,214],{"class":65},[47,32771,102],{"class":61},[47,32773,3062],{"class":86},[47,32775,62],{"class":61},[47,32777,8097],{"class":65},[47,32779,102],{"class":61},[47,32781,309],{"class":86},[47,32783,62],{"class":61},[47,32785,9473],{"class":65},[47,32787,102],{"class":61},[47,32789,3062],{"class":86},[47,32791,9480],{"class":445},[47,32793,9483],{"class":86},[47,32795,32796],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32797,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32799,32800,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,32801,32802],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32804,58],{"class":57},[47,32806,13426],{"class":53},[47,32808,94],{"class":86},[47,32810,5538],{"class":90},[47,32812,8817],{"class":86},[47,32814,32815,32817,32819,32822],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,32816,83],{"class":82},[47,32818,87],{"class":86},[47,32820,32821],{"class":90},"values_view",[47,32823,286],{"class":86},[47,32825,32826],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,32827,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32829,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,32831,17486],{"class":53},[47,32833,4080],{"class":86},[47,32835,102],{"class":61},[47,32837,10583],{"class":65},[47,32839,102],{"class":61},[47,32841,13452],{"class":86},[47,32843,13455],{"class":57},[47,32845,62],{"class":61},[47,32847,30820],{"class":65},[47,32849,69],{"class":61},[47,32851,32852,32854,32856,32858],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,32853,83],{"class":82},[47,32855,87],{"class":86},[47,32857,32821],{"class":90},[47,32859,286],{"class":86},[20,32861,814],{},[38,32863,32865],{"className":40,"code":32864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32866,32867,32885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32868,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32870,17216],{"class":90},[47,32872,3163],{"class":86},[47,32874,3479],{"class":61},[47,32876,8097],{"class":65},[47,32878,3479],{"class":61},[47,32880,309],{"class":86},[47,32882,9480],{"class":445},[47,32884,4068],{"class":86},[47,32886,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32888,17216],{"class":90},[47,32890,3163],{"class":86},[47,32892,3479],{"class":61},[47,32894,8097],{"class":65},[47,32896,3479],{"class":61},[47,32898,309],{"class":86},[47,32900,9480],{"class":445},[47,32902,309],{"class":86},[47,32904,3474],{"class":61},[47,32906,30820],{"class":65},[47,32908,3479],{"class":61},[47,32910,4068],{"class":86},[20,32912,32913,32914,94],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32915,32916],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,32918,32920],{"className":40,"code":32919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32921,32922,32958,32977,32981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32923,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32925,13383],{"class":53},[47,32927,58],{"class":57},[47,32929,10665],{"class":86},[47,32931,102],{"class":61},[47,32933,214],{"class":65},[47,32935,102],{"class":61},[47,32937,3062],{"class":86},[47,32939,62],{"class":61},[47,32941,8097],{"class":65},[47,32943,102],{"class":61},[47,32945,309],{"class":86},[47,32947,62],{"class":61},[47,32949,9473],{"class":65},[47,32951,102],{"class":61},[47,32953,3062],{"class":86},[47,32955,9480],{"class":445},[47,32957,9483],{"class":86},[47,32959,32960,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32961,32962],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,32964,58],{"class":57},[47,32966,22737],{"class":1570},[47,32968,87],{"class":86},[47,32970,17486],{"class":90},[47,32972,94],{"class":86},[47,32974,5538],{"class":90},[47,32976,7370],{"class":86},[47,32978,32979],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,32980,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,32982,32983,32985,32987,32990],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,32984,83],{"class":82},[47,32986,87],{"class":86},[47,32988,32989],{"class":90},"values_list",[47,32991,286],{"class":86},[20,32993,814],{},[38,32995,32997],{"className":40,"code":32996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32998,32999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33000,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33002,4080],{"class":86},[47,33004,3479],{"class":61},[47,33006,8097],{"class":65},[47,33008,3479],{"class":61},[47,33010,309],{"class":86},[47,33012,9480],{"class":445},[47,33014,3816],{"class":86},[149,33016,11651],{"id":11650},[20,33018,33019],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,33021,33023],{"className":40,"code":33022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33024,33025,33079,33083,33097,33101,33111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33026,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33060,33062,33064,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33028,24973],{"class":53},[47,33030,58],{"class":57},[47,33032,10665],{"class":86},[47,33034,102],{"class":61},[47,33036,24982],{"class":65},[47,33038,102],{"class":61},[47,33040,3062],{"class":86},[47,33042,62],{"class":61},[47,33044,24991],{"class":65},[47,33046,102],{"class":61},[47,33048,309],{"class":86},[47,33050,62],{"class":61},[47,33052,25000],{"class":65},[47,33054,102],{"class":61},[47,33056,3062],{"class":86},[47,33058,33059],{"class":445}," 2022",[47,33061,309],{"class":86},[47,33063,62],{"class":61},[47,33065,33066],{"class":65},"color",[47,33068,102],{"class":61},[47,33070,3062],{"class":86},[47,33072,62],{"class":61},[47,33074,13288],{"class":65},[47,33076,102],{"class":61},[47,33078,9483],{"class":86},[47,33080,33081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33082,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33084,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33086,2407],{"class":53},[47,33088,58],{"class":57},[47,33090,25022],{"class":53},[47,33092,94],{"class":86},[47,33094,5538],{"class":90},[47,33096,8817],{"class":86},[47,33098,33099],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,33100,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33102,33103,33105,33107,33109],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,33104,83],{"class":82},[47,33106,87],{"class":86},[47,33108,2442],{"class":90},[47,33110,286],{"class":86},[47,33112,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,33114,83],{"class":82},[47,33116,87],{"class":86},[47,33118,8269],{"class":1570},[47,33120,87],{"class":86},[47,33122,2442],{"class":90},[47,33124,1879],{"class":86},[20,33126,814],{},[38,33128,33130],{"className":40,"code":33129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33131,33132,33158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33133,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33135,17216],{"class":90},[47,33137,3163],{"class":86},[47,33139,3479],{"class":61},[47,33141,24991],{"class":65},[47,33143,3479],{"class":61},[47,33145,309],{"class":86},[47,33147,33059],{"class":445},[47,33149,309],{"class":86},[47,33151,3474],{"class":61},[47,33153,13288],{"class":65},[47,33155,3479],{"class":61},[47,33157,4068],{"class":86},[47,33159,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33161,4080],{"class":86},[47,33163,3479],{"class":61},[47,33165,24991],{"class":65},[47,33167,3479],{"class":61},[47,33169,309],{"class":86},[47,33171,33059],{"class":445},[47,33173,309],{"class":86},[47,33175,3474],{"class":61},[47,33177,13288],{"class":65},[47,33179,3479],{"class":61},[47,33181,3816],{"class":86},[20,33183,11860],{},[162,33185,33186,33192,33198,33206],{},[165,33187,33188,33191],{},[15,33189,33190],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[165,33193,33194,33197],{},[15,33195,33196],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[165,33199,33200,33203,33204,24794],{},[15,33201,33202],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33205,17216],{},[165,33207,33208,33211],{},[15,33209,33210],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[149,33213,33215],{"id":33214},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33217,33218,33219,26242],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33220,6137],{},[38,33222,33224],{"className":40,"code":33223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33225,33226,33270,33274,33290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33227,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33229,5244],{"class":53},[47,33231,58],{"class":57},[47,33233,10665],{"class":86},[47,33235,102],{"class":61},[47,33237,18595],{"class":65},[47,33239,102],{"class":61},[47,33241,3062],{"class":86},[47,33243,20077],{"class":445},[47,33245,309],{"class":86},[47,33247,62],{"class":61},[47,33249,31328],{"class":65},[47,33251,102],{"class":61},[47,33253,3062],{"class":86},[47,33255,13686],{"class":445},[47,33257,309],{"class":86},[47,33259,62],{"class":61},[47,33261,18604],{"class":65},[47,33263,102],{"class":61},[47,33265,3062],{"class":86},[47,33267,29097],{"class":445},[47,33269,9483],{"class":86},[47,33271,33272],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33273,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33275,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33277,6137],{"class":752},[47,33279,21761],{"class":53},[47,33281,1613],{"class":752},[47,33283,5291],{"class":53},[47,33285,94],{"class":86},[47,33287,5538],{"class":90},[47,33289,21772],{"class":86},[47,33291,33292,33294,33296,33298],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,33293,776],{"class":82},[47,33295,87],{"class":86},[47,33297,1587],{"class":90},[47,33299,286],{"class":86},[20,33301,814],{},[38,33303,33305],{"className":40,"code":33304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33306,33307,33312,33317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33308,33309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33310,33311],{"class":445},"90\n",[47,33313,33314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33315,33316],{"class":445},"85\n",[47,33318,33319],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33320,33321],{"class":445},"88\n",[20,33323,17888],{},[162,33325,33326,33329,33332],{},[165,33327,33328],{},"You only need the values",[165,33330,33331],{},"You do not care about the keys",[165,33333,33334],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33336,33337,33338,32,33342,94],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[455,33339,10912,33340,1168],{"href":17254},[15,33341,17257],{},[455,33343,22652],{"href":33344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[149,33346,33348],{"id":33347},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33350,144,33351,33353],{},[15,33352,32916],{}," when you need a list.",[38,33355,33357],{"className":40,"code":33356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33358,33359,33405,33409,33429,33433,33444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33360,33361,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33397,33399,33401,33403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33362,33363],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33365,58],{"class":57},[47,33367,10665],{"class":86},[47,33369,102],{"class":61},[47,33371,4260],{"class":65},[47,33373,102],{"class":61},[47,33375,3062],{"class":86},[47,33377,1769],{"class":445},[47,33379,309],{"class":86},[47,33381,62],{"class":61},[47,33383,491],{"class":65},[47,33385,102],{"class":61},[47,33387,3062],{"class":86},[47,33389,5677],{"class":445},[47,33391,309],{"class":86},[47,33393,62],{"class":61},[47,33395,33396],{"class":65},"orange",[47,33398,102],{"class":61},[47,33400,3062],{"class":86},[47,33402,2630],{"class":445},[47,33404,9483],{"class":86},[47,33406,33407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33408,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33410,33411,33414,33416,33418,33420,33423,33425,33427],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33412,33413],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33415,58],{"class":57},[47,33417,22737],{"class":1570},[47,33419,87],{"class":86},[47,33421,33422],{"class":90},"fruit_prices",[47,33424,94],{"class":86},[47,33426,5538],{"class":90},[47,33428,7370],{"class":86},[47,33430,33431],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,33432,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33434,33435,33437,33439,33442],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,33436,83],{"class":82},[47,33438,87],{"class":86},[47,33440,33441],{"class":90},"price_list",[47,33443,286],{"class":86},[47,33445,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,33447,83],{"class":82},[47,33449,87],{"class":86},[47,33451,33441],{"class":90},[47,33453,4080],{"class":86},[47,33455,1721],{"class":445},[47,33457,4068],{"class":86},[20,33459,814],{},[38,33461,33463],{"className":40,"code":33462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33464,33465,33481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33466,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33468,4080],{"class":86},[47,33470,2233],{"class":445},[47,33472,309],{"class":86},[47,33474,5677],{"class":445},[47,33476,309],{"class":86},[47,33478,2630],{"class":445},[47,33480,3816],{"class":86},[47,33482,33483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33484,17235],{"class":445},[20,33486,33487],{},"This is helpful for:",[162,33489,33490,33493,33496],{},[165,33491,33492],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[165,33494,33495],{},"Accessing values by index",[165,33497,33498],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33500,4105,33501,33503],{},[15,33502,17216],{}," is not the same as a list.",[149,33505,33507,10760,33509,10760,33511],{"id":33506},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33508,17250],{},[15,33510,17244],{},[15,33512,17257],{},[20,33514,33515],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[162,33517,33518,33523,33528],{},[165,33519,33520,33522],{},[15,33521,17250],{}," returns only the values",[165,33524,33525,33527],{},[15,33526,17244],{}," returns only the keys",[165,33529,33530,33532],{},[15,33531,17257],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33534,2302],{},[38,33536,33538],{"className":40,"code":33537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33539,33540,33576,33580,33594,33608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33541,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33543,13041],{"class":53},[47,33545,58],{"class":57},[47,33547,10665],{"class":86},[47,33549,102],{"class":61},[47,33551,214],{"class":65},[47,33553,102],{"class":61},[47,33555,3062],{"class":86},[47,33557,62],{"class":61},[47,33559,13058],{"class":65},[47,33561,102],{"class":61},[47,33563,309],{"class":86},[47,33565,62],{"class":61},[47,33567,9473],{"class":65},[47,33569,102],{"class":61},[47,33571,3062],{"class":86},[47,33573,7966],{"class":445},[47,33575,9483],{"class":86},[47,33577,33578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33579,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33581,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33583,83],{"class":82},[47,33585,87],{"class":86},[47,33587,13805],{"class":90},[47,33589,94],{"class":86},[47,33591,17102],{"class":90},[47,33593,7370],{"class":86},[47,33595,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,33597,83],{"class":82},[47,33599,87],{"class":86},[47,33601,13805],{"class":90},[47,33603,94],{"class":86},[47,33605,5538],{"class":90},[47,33607,7370],{"class":86},[47,33609,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,33611,83],{"class":82},[47,33613,87],{"class":86},[47,33615,13805],{"class":90},[47,33617,94],{"class":86},[47,33619,7986],{"class":90},[47,33621,7370],{"class":86},[20,33623,814],{},[38,33625,33627],{"className":40,"code":33626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33628,33629,33651,33669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33632,17193],{"class":90},[47,33634,3163],{"class":86},[47,33636,3479],{"class":61},[47,33638,214],{"class":65},[47,33640,3479],{"class":61},[47,33642,309],{"class":86},[47,33644,3474],{"class":61},[47,33646,9473],{"class":65},[47,33648,3479],{"class":61},[47,33650,4068],{"class":86},[47,33652,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33654,17216],{"class":90},[47,33656,3163],{"class":86},[47,33658,3479],{"class":61},[47,33660,13058],{"class":65},[47,33662,3479],{"class":61},[47,33664,309],{"class":86},[47,33666,7966],{"class":445},[47,33668,4068],{"class":86},[47,33670,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33672,22085],{"class":90},[47,33674,9831],{"class":86},[47,33676,3479],{"class":61},[47,33678,214],{"class":65},[47,33680,3479],{"class":61},[47,33682,309],{"class":86},[47,33684,7966],{"class":445},[47,33686,10854],{"class":86},[20,33688,18873],{},[162,33690,33691,33698,33705],{},[165,33692,33693,33697],{},[455,33694,33695],{"href":17241},[15,33696,17244],{}," when you need just the keys",[165,33699,33700,33704],{},[455,33701,33702],{"href":17247},[15,33703,17250],{}," when you need just the values",[165,33706,33707,33711],{},[455,33708,33709],{"href":17254},[15,33710,17257],{}," when you need both",[149,33713,4700],{"id":4699},[20,33715,33716,33717,94],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33718,17250],{},[469,33720,1519,33722,33724],{"id":33721},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33723,17250],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33726,33727,33729],{},[15,33728,17250],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33731,1783],{},[38,33733,33735],{"className":40,"code":33734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33736,33737,33757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33738,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33740,8484],{"class":53},[47,33742,58],{"class":57},[47,33744,3803],{"class":86},[47,33746,1598],{"class":445},[47,33748,309],{"class":86},[47,33750,1769],{"class":445},[47,33752,309],{"class":86},[47,33754,2630],{"class":445},[47,33756,3816],{"class":86},[47,33758,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33760,83],{"class":82},[47,33762,87],{"class":86},[47,33764,8515],{"class":90},[47,33766,94],{"class":86},[47,33768,5538],{"class":90},[47,33770,7370],{"class":86},[20,33772,33773,33774,33776],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33775,17250],{}," method.",[20,33778,33779],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,33781,33783],{"className":40,"code":33782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33784,33785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33788,83],{"class":82},[47,33790,87],{"class":86},[47,33792,1872],{"class":1570},[47,33794,87],{"class":86},[47,33796,8515],{"class":90},[47,33798,1879],{"class":86},[20,33800,33801,33802,33804,33805,94],{},"If you get an ",[15,33803,25849],{},", see ",[455,33806,25857,33807,33809],{"href":25856},[15,33808,25860],{}," errors",[469,33811,4761,33813,33815],{"id":33812},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33814,17250],{}," returns a list",[20,33817,33818],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,33820,33822],{"className":40,"code":33821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33823,33824,33860,33874,33878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33825,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33827,13041],{"class":53},[47,33829,58],{"class":57},[47,33831,10665],{"class":86},[47,33833,102],{"class":61},[47,33835,214],{"class":65},[47,33837,102],{"class":61},[47,33839,3062],{"class":86},[47,33841,62],{"class":61},[47,33843,13058],{"class":65},[47,33845,102],{"class":61},[47,33847,309],{"class":86},[47,33849,62],{"class":61},[47,33851,9473],{"class":65},[47,33853,102],{"class":61},[47,33855,3062],{"class":86},[47,33857,7966],{"class":445},[47,33859,9483],{"class":86},[47,33861,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33863,4003],{"class":53},[47,33865,58],{"class":57},[47,33867,13084],{"class":53},[47,33869,94],{"class":86},[47,33871,5538],{"class":90},[47,33873,8817],{"class":86},[47,33875,33876],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,33877,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,33879,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,33881,83],{"class":82},[47,33883,87],{"class":86},[47,33885,1872],{"class":1570},[47,33887,87],{"class":86},[47,33889,5538],{"class":90},[47,33891,1879],{"class":86},[20,33893,814],{},[38,33895,33897],{"className":40,"code":33896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33898,33899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33900,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33902,3468],{"class":57},[47,33904,3471],{"class":2242},[47,33906,3474],{"class":61},[47,33908,17216],{"class":65},[47,33910,3479],{"class":61},[47,33912,3482],{"class":57},[20,33914,170,33915,33917],{},[15,33916,17216],{},", not a list.",[20,33919,33920],{},"If you need a list:",[38,33922,33924],{"className":40,"code":33923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33925,33926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33927,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33929,4003],{"class":53},[47,33931,58],{"class":57},[47,33933,22737],{"class":1570},[47,33935,87],{"class":86},[47,33937,13805],{"class":90},[47,33939,94],{"class":86},[47,33941,5538],{"class":90},[47,33943,7370],{"class":86},[469,33945,33947,33948],{"id":33946},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33949,17216],{},[20,33951,33952],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,33954,33956],{"className":40,"code":33955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33957,33958,33994,34008,34012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33959,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33961,13041],{"class":53},[47,33963,58],{"class":57},[47,33965,10665],{"class":86},[47,33967,102],{"class":61},[47,33969,214],{"class":65},[47,33971,102],{"class":61},[47,33973,3062],{"class":86},[47,33975,62],{"class":61},[47,33977,13058],{"class":65},[47,33979,102],{"class":61},[47,33981,309],{"class":86},[47,33983,62],{"class":61},[47,33985,9473],{"class":65},[47,33987,102],{"class":61},[47,33989,3062],{"class":86},[47,33991,7966],{"class":445},[47,33993,9483],{"class":86},[47,33995,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33997,4003],{"class":53},[47,33999,58],{"class":57},[47,34001,13084],{"class":53},[47,34003,94],{"class":86},[47,34005,5538],{"class":90},[47,34007,8817],{"class":86},[47,34009,34010],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34011,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,34013,34014],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,34015,34016],{"class":113},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34018,34019],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,34021,34023],{"className":40,"code":34022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34024,34025,34061,34079,34083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34026,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34028,13041],{"class":53},[47,34030,58],{"class":57},[47,34032,10665],{"class":86},[47,34034,102],{"class":61},[47,34036,214],{"class":65},[47,34038,102],{"class":61},[47,34040,3062],{"class":86},[47,34042,62],{"class":61},[47,34044,13058],{"class":65},[47,34046,102],{"class":61},[47,34048,309],{"class":86},[47,34050,62],{"class":61},[47,34052,9473],{"class":65},[47,34054,102],{"class":61},[47,34056,3062],{"class":86},[47,34058,7966],{"class":445},[47,34060,9483],{"class":86},[47,34062,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34064,4003],{"class":53},[47,34066,58],{"class":57},[47,34068,22737],{"class":1570},[47,34070,87],{"class":86},[47,34072,13805],{"class":90},[47,34074,94],{"class":86},[47,34076,5538],{"class":90},[47,34078,7370],{"class":86},[47,34080,34081],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34082,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,34084,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,34086,83],{"class":82},[47,34088,87],{"class":86},[47,34090,5538],{"class":90},[47,34092,4080],{"class":86},[47,34094,1721],{"class":445},[47,34096,4068],{"class":86},[469,34098,831,34100,11267,34102],{"id":34099},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34101,5538],{},[15,34103,17250],{},[20,34105,34106],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,34108,34110],{"className":40,"code":34109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34111,34112,34148,34152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34113,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34115,13041],{"class":53},[47,34117,58],{"class":57},[47,34119,10665],{"class":86},[47,34121,102],{"class":61},[47,34123,214],{"class":65},[47,34125,102],{"class":61},[47,34127,3062],{"class":86},[47,34129,62],{"class":61},[47,34131,13058],{"class":65},[47,34133,102],{"class":61},[47,34135,309],{"class":86},[47,34137,62],{"class":61},[47,34139,9473],{"class":65},[47,34141,102],{"class":61},[47,34143,3062],{"class":86},[47,34145,7966],{"class":445},[47,34147,9483],{"class":86},[47,34149,34150],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34151,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,34153,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34155,83],{"class":82},[47,34157,87],{"class":86},[47,34159,13805],{"class":90},[47,34161,94],{"class":86},[47,34163,5538],{"class":24927},[47,34165,286],{"class":86},[20,34167,34168,34171],{},[15,34169,34170],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34173,18873],{},[38,34175,34177],{"className":40,"code":34176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34178,34179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34180,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34182,83],{"class":82},[47,34184,87],{"class":86},[47,34186,13805],{"class":90},[47,34188,94],{"class":86},[47,34190,5538],{"class":90},[47,34192,7370],{"class":86},[469,34194,34196],{"id":34195},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34198,34199],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,34201,34203],{"className":40,"code":34202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34204,34205,34237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34206,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34208,9340],{"class":53},[47,34210,58],{"class":57},[47,34212,10665],{"class":86},[47,34214,102],{"class":61},[47,34216,455],{"class":65},[47,34218,102],{"class":61},[47,34220,3062],{"class":86},[47,34222,5677],{"class":445},[47,34224,309],{"class":86},[47,34226,62],{"class":61},[47,34228,2014],{"class":65},[47,34230,102],{"class":61},[47,34232,3062],{"class":86},[47,34234,1769],{"class":445},[47,34236,9483],{"class":86},[47,34238,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34240,83],{"class":82},[47,34242,87],{"class":86},[47,34244,9379],{"class":90},[47,34246,94],{"class":86},[47,34248,5538],{"class":90},[47,34250,7370],{"class":86},[20,34252,34253],{},"Not like this:",[38,34255,34257],{"className":40,"code":34256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34258,34259,34264,34269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34260,34261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34262,34263],{"class":113},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,34265,34266],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34267,34268],{"class":113},"# data().values()\n",[47,34270,34271],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34272,34273],{"class":113},"# values(data)\n",[20,34275,3519],{},[38,34277,34279],{"className":40,"code":34278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34280,34281,34295,34305,34319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34282,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34284,83],{"class":82},[47,34286,87],{"class":86},[47,34288,1872],{"class":1570},[47,34290,87],{"class":86},[47,34292,11625],{"class":90},[47,34294,1879],{"class":86},[47,34296,34297,34299,34301,34303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34298,83],{"class":82},[47,34300,87],{"class":86},[47,34302,11625],{"class":90},[47,34304,286],{"class":86},[47,34306,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34308,83],{"class":82},[47,34310,87],{"class":86},[47,34312,11625],{"class":90},[47,34314,94],{"class":86},[47,34316,5538],{"class":90},[47,34318,7370],{"class":86},[47,34320,34321,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331,34333,34335],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,34322,83],{"class":82},[47,34324,87],{"class":86},[47,34326,8269],{"class":1570},[47,34328,87],{"class":86},[47,34330,11625],{"class":90},[47,34332,94],{"class":86},[47,34334,5538],{"class":90},[47,34336,6470],{"class":86},[149,34338,1962],{"id":1961},[469,34340,5323,34342,5326],{"id":34341},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34343,32495],{},[20,34345,17599,34346,34348],{},[15,34347,17216],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[469,34350,1966,34352,24108],{"id":34351},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34353,17250],{},[20,34355,24111,34356,24115],{},[15,34357,34358],{},"list(...)",[469,34360,26234,34362,2037],{"id":34361},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34363,32495],{},[20,34365,34366,34367,26242],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34368,6137],{},[469,34370,1966,34372,34374],{"id":34371},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34373,32495],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34376,34377],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[469,34379,34381,34382,34384,34385,2037],{"id":34380},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34383,17250],{}," different from ",[15,34386,17257],{},[20,34388,34389,34391,34392,34394],{},[15,34390,17250],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34393,17257],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[149,34396,2062],{"id":2061},[162,34398,34399,34405,34411,34415,34421,34425],{},[165,34400,34401],{},[455,34402,10912,34403,1168],{"href":17241},[15,34404,17244],{},[165,34406,34407],{},[455,34408,10912,34409,1168],{"href":17254},[15,34410,17257],{},[165,34412,34413],{},[455,34414,11418],{"href":9564},[165,34416,34417],{},[455,34418,34420],{"href":34419},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[165,34422,34423],{},[455,34424,24193],{"href":33344},[165,34426,34427],{},[455,34428,30524,34429],{"href":25856},[15,34430,34431],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2093,34433,34434],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":34436},[34437,34438,34440,34441,34443,34444,34445,34446,34448,34459,34471],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":32665,"depth":72,"text":34439},"What values() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":32735,"depth":72,"text":34442},"What values() returns",{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":33214,"depth":72,"text":33215},{"id":33347,"depth":72,"text":33348},{"id":33506,"depth":72,"text":34447},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":34449},[34450,34452,34454,34456,34458],{"id":33721,"depth":79,"text":34451},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33812,"depth":79,"text":34453},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33946,"depth":79,"text":34455},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34099,"depth":79,"text":34457},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34195,"depth":79,"text":34196},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":34460},[34461,34463,34465,34467,34469],{"id":34341,"depth":79,"text":34462},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34351,"depth":79,"text":34464},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34361,"depth":79,"text":34466},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34371,"depth":79,"text":34468},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34380,"depth":79,"text":34470},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32482,"description":34472},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34478,"title":34479,"body":34480,"description":35909,"extension":2138,"meta":35910,"navigation":75,"path":35911,"seo":35912,"stem":35913,"__hash__":35914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34481,"toc":35861},[34482,34488,34493,34496,34512,34521,34523,34555,34561,34564,34659,34662,34667,34672,34675,34686,34688,34702,34708,34710,34715,34721,34724,34763,34771,34776,34779,34824,34827,34839,34845,34851,34855,34886,34889,34907,34910,34914,34953,34955,34975,34978,34990,34995,35001,35004,35059,35062,35073,35076,35087,35090,35094,35100,35102,35132,35135,35150,35153,35156,35175,35178,35194,35203,35205,35236,35242,35247,35250,35257,35288,35291,35313,35316,35319,35333,35337,35368,35383,35390,35397,35401,35409,35413,35421,35424,35473,35484,35486,35489,35495,35500,35510,35514,35517,35520,35524,35527,35529,35550,35554,35560,35571,35577,35579,35585,35609,35612,35675,35678,35706,35709,35771,35773,35778,35781,35788,35796,35803,35806,35814,35820,35822,35849,35858],[10,34483,3755,34485,3759],{"id":34484},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34486,34487],{},"dir()",[20,34489,32492,34490,34492],{},[15,34491,34487],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34494,34495],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[162,34497,34498,34501,34504,34509],{},[165,34499,34500],{},"learning Python",[165,34502,34503],{},"exploring a new object",[165,34505,34506,34507],{},"debugging an ",[15,34508,25849],{},[165,34510,34511],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34513,34514,34515,34517,34518],{},"In short, ",[15,34516,34487],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3922,34519,34520],{},"“What can I use here?”",[149,34522,2179],{"id":2178},[38,34524,34526],{"className":40,"code":34525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34527,34528,34540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34529,34530,34532,34534,34536,34538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34531,193],{"class":53},[47,34533,58],{"class":57},[47,34535,62],{"class":61},[47,34537,386],{"class":65},[47,34539,69],{"class":61},[47,34541,34542,34544,34546,34549,34551,34553],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34543,83],{"class":82},[47,34545,87],{"class":86},[47,34547,34548],{"class":82},"dir",[47,34550,87],{"class":86},[47,34552,214],{"class":90},[47,34554,1879],{"class":86},[20,34556,144,34557,34560],{},[15,34558,34559],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34562,34563],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,34565,34567],{"className":40,"code":34566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34568,34569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34570,34571,34573,34575,34578,34580,34582,34584,34587,34589,34591,34593,34596,34598,34600,34602,34605,34607,34609,34611,34614,34616,34618,34620,34623,34625,34627,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643,34646,34648,34650,34652,34655,34657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34572,4080],{"class":86},[47,34574,3479],{"class":61},[47,34576,34577],{"class":65},"__add__",[47,34579,3479],{"class":61},[47,34581,309],{"class":86},[47,34583,3474],{"class":61},[47,34585,34586],{"class":65},"__class__",[47,34588,3479],{"class":61},[47,34590,309],{"class":86},[47,34592,3474],{"class":61},[47,34594,34595],{"class":65},"__contains__",[47,34597,3479],{"class":61},[47,34599,309],{"class":86},[47,34601,3474],{"class":61},[47,34603,34604],{"class":65},"__delattr__",[47,34606,3479],{"class":61},[47,34608,309],{"class":86},[47,34610,3474],{"class":61},[47,34612,34613],{"class":65},"__dir__",[47,34615,3479],{"class":61},[47,34617,309],{"class":86},[47,34619,3474],{"class":61},[47,34621,34622],{"class":65},"__doc__",[47,34624,3479],{"class":61},[47,34626,309],{"class":86},[47,34628,34630],{"class":34629},"s_hVV"," ...",[47,34632,309],{"class":86},[47,34634,3474],{"class":61},[47,34636,1300],{"class":65},[47,34638,3479],{"class":61},[47,34640,309],{"class":86},[47,34642,3474],{"class":61},[47,34644,34645],{"class":65},"split",[47,34647,3479],{"class":61},[47,34649,309],{"class":86},[47,34651,3474],{"class":61},[47,34653,34654],{"class":65},"upper",[47,34656,3479],{"class":61},[47,34658,3816],{"class":86},[20,34660,34661],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[149,34663,152,34665,155],{"id":34664},"what-dir-does",[15,34666,34487],{},[20,34668,34669,34671],{},[15,34670,34487],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34673,34674],{},"It usually includes:",[162,34676,34677,34680,34683],{},[165,34678,34679],{},"attributes",[165,34681,34682],{},"methods",[165,34684,34685],{},"special Python names",[20,34687,11634],{},[162,34689,34690,34696,34699],{},[165,34691,34692,34693],{},"The result is a ",[3922,34694,34695],{},"list of strings",[165,34697,34698],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[165,34700,34701],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34703,34704,34705,34707],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34706,34487],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[149,34709,261],{"id":260},[20,34711,34712,34714],{},[15,34713,34487],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[469,34716,34718,34720],{"id":34717},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34719,34487],{}," with no argument",[20,34722,34723],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,34725,34727],{"className":40,"code":34726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34728,34729,34737,34749,34753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34730,34731,34733,34735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34732,3202],{"class":53},[47,34734,58],{"class":57},[47,34736,2765],{"class":445},[47,34738,34739,34741,34743,34745,34747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34740,193],{"class":53},[47,34742,58],{"class":57},[47,34744,62],{"class":61},[47,34746,7852],{"class":65},[47,34748,69],{"class":61},[47,34750,34751],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,34752,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,34754,34755,34757,34759,34761],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,34756,83],{"class":82},[47,34758,87],{"class":86},[47,34760,34548],{"class":82},[47,34762,7370],{"class":86},[20,34764,34765,34766,837,34768,34770],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34767,2350],{},[15,34769,214],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[469,34772,34774],{"id":34773},"dirobject",[15,34775,34559],{},[20,34777,34778],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,34780,34782],{"className":40,"code":34781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34783,34784,34802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34785,34786,34788,34790,34792,34794,34796,34798,34800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34787,83],{"class":82},[47,34789,87],{"class":86},[47,34791,34548],{"class":82},[47,34793,87],{"class":86},[47,34795,102],{"class":61},[47,34797,386],{"class":65},[47,34799,102],{"class":61},[47,34801,1879],{"class":86},[47,34803,34804,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34805,83],{"class":82},[47,34807,87],{"class":86},[47,34809,34548],{"class":82},[47,34811,3163],{"class":86},[47,34813,1598],{"class":445},[47,34815,309],{"class":86},[47,34817,1769],{"class":445},[47,34819,309],{"class":86},[47,34821,2630],{"class":445},[47,34823,3176],{"class":86},[20,34825,34826],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[162,34828,34829,34831,34833,34836],{},[165,34830,5488],{},[165,34832,5479],{},[165,34834,34835],{},"modules",[165,34837,34838],{},"custom objects",[149,34840,831,34842,34844],{"id":34841},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34843,34487],{}," with a value",[20,34846,34847,34848,34850],{},"A common use of ",[15,34849,34487],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[469,34852,34854],{"id":34853},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,34856,34858],{"className":40,"code":34857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34859,34860,34872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34861,34862,34864,34866,34868,34870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34863,54],{"class":53},[47,34865,58],{"class":57},[47,34867,62],{"class":61},[47,34869,386],{"class":65},[47,34871,69],{"class":61},[47,34873,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34875,83],{"class":82},[47,34877,87],{"class":86},[47,34879,34548],{"class":82},[47,34881,87],{"class":86},[47,34883,91],{"class":90},[47,34885,1879],{"class":86},[20,34887,34888],{},"You will see method names like:",[162,34890,34891,34895,34899,34903],{},[165,34892,34893],{},[15,34894,1300],{},[165,34896,34897],{},[15,34898,34654],{},[165,34900,34901],{},[15,34902,34645],{},[165,34904,34905],{},[15,34906,8810],{},[20,34908,34909],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[469,34911,34913],{"id":34912},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,34915,34917],{"className":40,"code":34916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34918,34919,34939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34920,34921,34923,34925,34927,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34922,3798],{"class":53},[47,34924,58],{"class":57},[47,34926,3803],{"class":86},[47,34928,1598],{"class":445},[47,34930,309],{"class":86},[47,34932,1769],{"class":445},[47,34934,309],{"class":86},[47,34936,2630],{"class":445},[47,34938,3816],{"class":86},[47,34940,34941,34943,34945,34947,34949,34951],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34942,83],{"class":82},[47,34944,87],{"class":86},[47,34946,34548],{"class":82},[47,34948,87],{"class":86},[47,34950,3830],{"class":90},[47,34952,1879],{"class":86},[20,34954,34888],{},[162,34956,34957,34961,34965,34970],{},[165,34958,34959],{},[15,34960,13732],{},[165,34962,34963],{},[15,34964,26419],{},[165,34966,34967],{},[15,34968,34969],{},"remove",[165,34971,34972],{},[15,34973,34974],{},"sort",[20,34976,34977],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34979,34980,34981,34986,34987,34989],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[455,34982,34984],{"href":34983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34985,2480],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34988,34487],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[149,34991,831,34993,34720],{"id":34992},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34994,34487],{},[20,34996,34997,34998,35000],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34999,34487],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35002,35003],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,35005,35007],{"className":40,"code":35006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35008,35009,35018,35022,35033,35045,35049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35010,35011,35013,35015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35012,3202],{"class":53},[47,35014,58],{"class":57},[47,35016,35017],{"class":445}," 5\n",[47,35019,35020],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35021,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35023,35024,35027,35031],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35025,35026],{"class":2242},"def",[47,35028,35030],{"class":35029},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,35032,21772],{"class":86},[47,35034,35035,35038,35040,35043],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,35036,35037],{"class":752},"    return",[47,35039,62],{"class":61},[47,35041,35042],{"class":65},"Hello",[47,35044,69],{"class":61},[47,35046,35047],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,35048,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35050,35051,35053,35055,35057],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,35052,83],{"class":82},[47,35054,87],{"class":86},[47,35056,34548],{"class":82},[47,35058,7370],{"class":86},[20,35060,35061],{},"The output will include names like:",[162,35063,35064,35068],{},[165,35065,35066],{},[15,35067,2350],{},[165,35069,35070],{},[15,35071,35072],{},"greet",[20,35074,35075],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[162,35077,35078,35081,35084],{},[165,35079,35080],{},"what variables exist",[165,35082,35083],{},"what functions you have defined",[165,35085,35086],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35088,35089],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[149,35091,35093],{"id":35092},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35095,35096,35097,35099],{},"When you first use ",[15,35098,34487],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35101,183],{},[38,35103,35104],{"className":40,"code":34857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35105,35106,35118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35107,35108,35110,35112,35114,35116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35109,54],{"class":53},[47,35111,58],{"class":57},[47,35113,62],{"class":61},[47,35115,386],{"class":65},[47,35117,69],{"class":61},[47,35119,35120,35122,35124,35126,35128,35130],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35121,83],{"class":82},[47,35123,87],{"class":86},[47,35125,34548],{"class":82},[47,35127,87],{"class":86},[47,35129,91],{"class":90},[47,35131,1879],{"class":86},[20,35133,35134],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[162,35136,35137,35141,35145],{},[165,35138,35139],{},[15,35140,34586],{},[165,35142,35143],{},[15,35144,34622],{},[165,35146,35147],{},[15,35148,35149],{},"__len__",[20,35151,35152],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35154,35155],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[162,35157,35158,35162,35166,35170],{},[165,35159,35160],{},[15,35161,34654],{},[165,35163,35164],{},[15,35165,1300],{},[165,35167,35168],{},[15,35169,34645],{},[165,35171,35172],{},[15,35173,35174],{},"replace",[20,35176,35177],{},"A key point to remember:",[162,35179,35180,35188],{},[165,35181,35182,35184,35185],{},[15,35183,34487],{}," lists ",[3922,35186,35187],{},"names only",[165,35189,35190,35191,35193],{},"it does ",[3922,35192,4813],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35195,35196,35197,94],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[455,35198,35200],{"href":35199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35201,35202],{},"help()",[20,35204,5651],{},[38,35206,35208],{"className":40,"code":35207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35209,35210,35222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35211,35212,35214,35216,35218,35220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35213,193],{"class":53},[47,35215,58],{"class":57},[47,35217,62],{"class":61},[47,35219,386],{"class":65},[47,35221,69],{"class":61},[47,35223,35224,35226,35228,35230,35232,35234],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35225,32327],{"class":82},[47,35227,87],{"class":86},[47,35229,214],{"class":90},[47,35231,94],{"class":86},[47,35233,34654],{"class":24927},[47,35235,286],{"class":86},[149,35237,35239,35241],{"id":35238},"dir-on-modules",[15,35240,34487],{}," on modules",[20,35243,15894,35244,35246],{},[15,35245,34487],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35248,35249],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[469,35251,35253,35254,35256],{"id":35252},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35255,18595],{}," module",[38,35258,35260],{"className":40,"code":35259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35261,35262,35270,35274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35263,35264,35267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35265,35266],{"class":752},"import",[47,35268,35269],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,35271,35272],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35273,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35275,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35277,83],{"class":82},[47,35279,87],{"class":86},[47,35281,34548],{"class":82},[47,35283,87],{"class":86},[47,35285,18595],{"class":90},[47,35287,1879],{"class":86},[20,35289,35290],{},"You may see names like:",[162,35292,35293,35298,35303,35308],{},[165,35294,35295],{},[15,35296,35297],{},"sqrt",[165,35299,35300],{},[15,35301,35302],{},"ceil",[165,35304,35305],{},[15,35306,35307],{},"floor",[165,35309,35310],{},[15,35311,35312],{},"pi",[20,35314,35315],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35317,35318],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[162,35320,35321,35327],{},[165,35322,35323],{},[455,35324,35326],{"href":35325},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[165,35328,35329],{},[455,35330,35332],{"href":35331},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[469,35334,35336],{"id":35335},"another-example","Another example",[38,35338,35340],{"className":40,"code":35339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35341,35342,35349,35353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35343,35344,35346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35345,35266],{"class":752},[47,35347,35348],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35350,35351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35352,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35354,35355,35357,35359,35361,35363,35366],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35356,83],{"class":82},[47,35358,87],{"class":86},[47,35360,34548],{"class":82},[47,35362,87],{"class":86},[47,35364,35365],{"class":90},"json",[47,35367,1879],{"class":86},[20,35369,35370,35371,2366,35374,2366,35377,17251,35380,94],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35372,35373],{},"dump",[15,35375,35376],{},"dumps",[15,35378,35379],{},"load",[15,35381,35382],{},"loads",[149,35384,35386,10760,35388],{"id":35385},"dir-vs-help",[15,35387,34487],{},[15,35389,35202],{},[20,35391,35392,837,35394,35396],{},[15,35393,34487],{},[15,35395,35202],{}," are often used together.",[469,35398,35399],{"id":34548},[15,35400,34487],{},[162,35402,35403,35406],{},[165,35404,35405],{},"shows available names",[165,35407,35408],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[469,35410,35411],{"id":32327},[15,35412,35202],{},[162,35414,35415,35418],{},[165,35416,35417],{},"explains what an object or function does",[165,35419,35420],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35422,35423],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,35425,35427],{"className":40,"code":35426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35428,35429,35441,35445,35459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35430,35431,35433,35435,35437,35439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35432,193],{"class":53},[47,35434,58],{"class":57},[47,35436,62],{"class":61},[47,35438,386],{"class":65},[47,35440,69],{"class":61},[47,35442,35443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35444,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35446,35447,35449,35451,35453,35455,35457],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35448,83],{"class":82},[47,35450,87],{"class":86},[47,35452,34548],{"class":82},[47,35454,87],{"class":86},[47,35456,214],{"class":90},[47,35458,1879],{"class":86},[47,35460,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469,35471],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,35462,32327],{"class":82},[47,35464,87],{"class":86},[47,35466,214],{"class":90},[47,35468,94],{"class":86},[47,35470,34654],{"class":24927},[47,35472,286],{"class":86},[20,35474,144,35475,35477,35478,35480,35481,35483],{},[15,35476,34487],{}," first to find a method name.",[10020,35479],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35482,35202],{}," to understand how to use it.",[149,35485,25535],{"id":25534},[20,35487,35488],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[469,35490,35492,35494],{"id":35491},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35493,34487],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35496,35497,35499],{},[15,35498,34487],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35501,35502,35503,35505,35506,35509],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35504,34654],{}," in ",[15,35507,35508],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[469,35511,35513],{"id":35512},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35515,35516],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35518,35519],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[469,35521,35523],{"id":35522},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35525,35526],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35528,5651],{},[162,35530,35531,35536,35542],{},[165,35532,35533,35535],{},[15,35534,35508],{}," shows string-related names",[165,35537,35538,35541],{},[15,35539,35540],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[165,35543,35544,35547,35548,35256],{},[15,35545,35546],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35549,18595],{},[469,35551,35553],{"id":35552},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35555,35556,35557,35559],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35558,34487],{}," does not mean you already know:",[162,35561,35562,35565,35568],{},[165,35563,35564],{},"what it does",[165,35566,35567],{},"what arguments it needs",[165,35569,35570],{},"what it returns",[20,35572,35573,35574,35576],{},"That is why ",[15,35575,35202],{}," is the natural next step.",[149,35578,1425],{"id":1424},[20,35580,35581,35582,35584],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35583,34487],{}," in these situations:",[162,35586,35587,35590,35599,35602],{},[165,35588,35589],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[165,35591,35592,35593,35598],{},"Seeing an ",[455,35594,35596],{"href":35595},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35597,25849],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[165,35600,35601],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[165,35603,831,35604,35606,35607],{},[15,35605,34487],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35608,35202],{},[20,35610,35611],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,35613,35615],{"className":40,"code":35614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35616,35617,35629,35633,35647,35661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35618,35619,35621,35623,35625,35627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35620,193],{"class":53},[47,35622,58],{"class":57},[47,35624,62],{"class":61},[47,35626,386],{"class":65},[47,35628,69],{"class":61},[47,35630,35631],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35632,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35634,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35636,83],{"class":82},[47,35638,87],{"class":86},[47,35640,1872],{"class":1570},[47,35642,87],{"class":86},[47,35644,214],{"class":90},[47,35646,1879],{"class":86},[47,35648,35649,35651,35653,35655,35657,35659],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,35650,83],{"class":82},[47,35652,87],{"class":86},[47,35654,34548],{"class":82},[47,35656,87],{"class":86},[47,35658,214],{"class":90},[47,35660,1879],{"class":86},[47,35662,35663,35665,35667,35669,35671,35673],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,35664,32327],{"class":82},[47,35666,87],{"class":86},[47,35668,214],{"class":90},[47,35670,94],{"class":86},[47,35672,34654],{"class":24927},[47,35674,286],{"class":86},[20,35676,35677],{},"And for modules:",[38,35679,35680],{"className":40,"code":35259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35681,35682,35688,35692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35683,35684,35686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35685,35266],{"class":752},[47,35687,35269],{"class":53},[47,35689,35690],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35691,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35693,35694,35696,35698,35700,35702,35704],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35695,83],{"class":82},[47,35697,87],{"class":86},[47,35699,34548],{"class":82},[47,35701,87],{"class":86},[47,35703,18595],{"class":90},[47,35705,1879],{"class":86},[20,35707,35708],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,35710,35712],{"className":40,"code":35711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35713,35714,35719,35731,35741,35755,35761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35715,35716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35717,35718],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35720,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35722,193],{"class":53},[47,35724,58],{"class":57},[47,35726,62],{"class":61},[47,35728,386],{"class":65},[47,35730,69],{"class":61},[47,35732,35733,35735,35737,35739],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35734,34548],{"class":82},[47,35736,87],{"class":86},[47,35738,214],{"class":90},[47,35740,286],{"class":86},[47,35742,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,35744,32327],{"class":82},[47,35746,87],{"class":86},[47,35748,214],{"class":90},[47,35750,94],{"class":86},[47,35752,34654],{"class":24927},[47,35754,286],{"class":86},[47,35756,35757,35759],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,35758,35266],{"class":752},[47,35760,35269],{"class":53},[47,35762,35763,35765,35767,35769],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,35764,34548],{"class":82},[47,35766,87],{"class":86},[47,35768,18595],{"class":90},[47,35770,286],{"class":86},[149,35772,1962],{"id":1961},[469,35774,5323,35776,5326],{"id":35775},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35777,34487],{},[20,35779,35780],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[469,35782,2032,35784,837,35786,2037],{"id":35783},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35785,34487],{},[15,35787,35202],{},[20,35789,35790,35792,35793,35795],{},[15,35791,34487],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35794,35202],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[469,35797,35799,35800,35802],{"id":35798},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35801,34487],{}," output?",[20,35804,35805],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[469,35807,1980,35809,35811,35812,2037],{"id":35808},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35810,34487],{}," help fix ",[15,35813,25849],{},[20,35815,35816,35817,94],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[455,35818,35819],{"href":35595},"object has no attribute",[149,35821,2062],{"id":2061},[162,35823,35824,35830,35835,35839,35843],{},[165,35825,35826],{},[455,35827,3755,35828,3688],{"href":35199},[15,35829,35202],{},[165,35831,35832],{},[455,35833,35834],{"href":35595},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[165,35836,35837],{},[455,35838,35326],{"href":35325},[165,35840,35841],{},[455,35842,35332],{"href":35331},[165,35844,35845],{},[455,35846,3755,35847,3688],{"href":34983},[15,35848,2480],{},[20,35850,35851,35852,35854,35855,35857],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35853,34487],{}," together with ",[15,35856,35202],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2093,35859,35860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":35862},[35863,35864,35866,35871,35876,35878,35879,35885,35890,35897,35898,35908],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":34664,"depth":72,"text":35865},"What dir() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":35867},[35868,35870],{"id":34717,"depth":79,"text":35869},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34773,"depth":79,"text":34559},{"id":34841,"depth":72,"text":35872,"children":35873},"Using dir() with a value",[35874,35875],{"id":34853,"depth":79,"text":34854},{"id":34912,"depth":79,"text":34913},{"id":34992,"depth":72,"text":35877},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35092,"depth":72,"text":35093},{"id":35238,"depth":72,"text":35880,"children":35881},"dir() on modules",[35882,35884],{"id":35252,"depth":79,"text":35883},"Example: math module",{"id":35335,"depth":79,"text":35336},{"id":35385,"depth":72,"text":35886,"children":35887},"dir() vs help()",[35888,35889],{"id":34548,"depth":79,"text":34487},{"id":32327,"depth":79,"text":35202},{"id":25534,"depth":72,"text":25535,"children":35891},[35892,35894,35895,35896],{"id":35491,"depth":79,"text":35893},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35512,"depth":79,"text":35513},{"id":35522,"depth":79,"text":35523},{"id":35552,"depth":79,"text":35553},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":35899},[35900,35902,35904,35906],{"id":35775,"depth":79,"text":35901},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35783,"depth":79,"text":35903},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35798,"depth":79,"text":35905},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35808,"depth":79,"text":35907},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34479,"description":35909},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35916,"title":35917,"body":35918,"description":37735,"extension":2138,"meta":37736,"navigation":75,"path":37737,"seo":37738,"stem":37739,"__hash__":37740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35919,"toc":37704},[35920,35926,35931,35934,35942,35948,35950,36030,36032,36058,36063,36068,36073,36076,36087,36090,36092,36171,36173,36199,36206,36208,36210,36234,36237,36249,36254,36256,36337,36339,36365,36374,36379,36387,36393,36400,36403,36405,36484,36487,36544,36546,36583,36589,36594,36599,36602,36616,36618,36721,36723,36766,36775,36785,36792,36798,36805,36888,36890,36913,36916,36919,36921,36925,36929,36932,36995,37018,37021,37025,37031,37033,37100,37103,37180,37185,37191,37194,37197,37243,37245,37269,37274,37278,37283,37289,37352,37355,37357,37360,37384,37387,37522,37524,37625,37627,37632,37635,37641,37651,37659,37664,37670,37676,37678,37701],[10,35921,3755,35923,3759],{"id":35922},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35924,35925],{},"enumerate()",[20,35927,35928,35930],{},[15,35929,35925],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35932,35933],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[162,35935,35936,35939],{},[165,35937,35938],{},"the item itself",[165,35940,35941],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35943,35944,35945,35947],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35946,35925],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[149,35949,2179],{"id":2178},[38,35951,35953],{"className":40,"code":35952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35954,35955,35987,35991,36014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35956,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35958,13254],{"class":53},[47,35960,58],{"class":57},[47,35962,3803],{"class":86},[47,35964,102],{"class":61},[47,35966,13271],{"class":65},[47,35968,102],{"class":61},[47,35970,309],{"class":86},[47,35972,62],{"class":61},[47,35974,17633],{"class":65},[47,35976,102],{"class":61},[47,35978,309],{"class":86},[47,35980,62],{"class":61},[47,35982,13288],{"class":65},[47,35984,102],{"class":61},[47,35986,3816],{"class":86},[47,35988,35989],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35990,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,35992,35993,35995,35998,36000,36003,36005,36008,36010,36012],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,35994,6137],{"class":752},[47,35996,35997],{"class":53}," index",[47,35999,309],{"class":86},[47,36001,36002],{"class":53}," color ",[47,36004,1613],{"class":752},[47,36006,36007],{"class":82}," enumerate",[47,36009,87],{"class":86},[47,36011,17680],{"class":90},[47,36013,771],{"class":86},[47,36015,36016,36018,36020,36023,36025,36028],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36017,776],{"class":82},[47,36019,87],{"class":86},[47,36021,36022],{"class":90},"index",[47,36024,309],{"class":86},[47,36026,36027],{"class":90}," color",[47,36029,286],{"class":86},[20,36031,814],{},[38,36033,36035],{"className":40,"code":36034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36036,36037,36044,36051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36038,36039,36041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36040,1721],{"class":445},[47,36042,36043],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,36045,36046,36048],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36047,1598],{"class":445},[47,36049,36050],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,36052,36053,36055],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36054,2233],{"class":445},[47,36056,36057],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,36059,144,36060,36062],{},[15,36061,35925],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[149,36064,152,36066,155],{"id":36065},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36067,35925],{},[20,36069,36070,36072],{},[15,36071,35925],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36074,36075],{},"It is commonly used with:",[162,36077,36078,36080,36082,36084],{},[165,36079,5479],{},[165,36081,5482],{},[165,36083,5488],{},[165,36085,36086],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36088,36089],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36091,183],{},[38,36093,36095],{"className":40,"code":36094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36096,36097,36131,36135,36156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36118,36120,36122,36124,36127,36129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36100,5175],{"class":53},[47,36102,58],{"class":57},[47,36104,3803],{"class":86},[47,36106,102],{"class":61},[47,36108,13058],{"class":65},[47,36110,102],{"class":61},[47,36112,309],{"class":86},[47,36114,62],{"class":61},[47,36116,36117],{"class":65},"Ben",[47,36119,102],{"class":61},[47,36121,309],{"class":86},[47,36123,62],{"class":61},[47,36125,36126],{"class":65},"Cara",[47,36128,102],{"class":61},[47,36130,3816],{"class":86},[47,36132,36133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36134,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36136,36137,36139,36141,36143,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36138,6137],{"class":752},[47,36140,35997],{"class":53},[47,36142,309],{"class":86},[47,36144,36145],{"class":53}," name ",[47,36147,1613],{"class":752},[47,36149,36007],{"class":82},[47,36151,87],{"class":86},[47,36153,5219],{"class":90},[47,36155,771],{"class":86},[47,36157,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36169],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36159,776],{"class":82},[47,36161,87],{"class":86},[47,36163,36022],{"class":90},[47,36165,309],{"class":86},[47,36167,36168],{"class":90}," name",[47,36170,286],{"class":86},[20,36172,814],{},[38,36174,36176],{"className":40,"code":36175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36177,36178,36185,36192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36179,36180,36182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36181,1721],{"class":445},[47,36183,36184],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,36186,36187,36189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36188,1598],{"class":445},[47,36190,36191],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,36193,36194,36196],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36195,2233],{"class":445},[47,36197,36198],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,36200,36201,36202,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[455,36203,36205],{"href":36204},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[149,36207,261],{"id":260},[20,36209,2336],{},[38,36211,36213],{"className":40,"code":36212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36214,36215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36216,36217,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36218,36219],{"class":82},"enumerate",[47,36221,87],{"class":86},[47,36223,3899],{"class":90},[47,36225,309],{"class":86},[47,36227,312],{"class":9350},[47,36229,58],{"class":57},[47,36231,1721],{"class":445},[47,36233,286],{"class":86},[20,36235,36236],{},"It has two parts:",[162,36238,36239,36244],{},[165,36240,36241,36243],{},[15,36242,3899],{},": the object you want to loop through",[165,36245,36246,36248],{},[15,36247,522],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,36250,36251,36252,94],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36253,1721],{},[20,36255,183],{},[38,36257,36259],{"className":40,"code":36258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36260,36261,36294,36298,36321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36262,36263,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36264,36265],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,36267,58],{"class":57},[47,36269,3803],{"class":86},[47,36271,102],{"class":61},[47,36273,455],{"class":65},[47,36275,102],{"class":61},[47,36277,309],{"class":86},[47,36279,62],{"class":61},[47,36281,2014],{"class":65},[47,36283,102],{"class":61},[47,36285,309],{"class":86},[47,36287,62],{"class":61},[47,36289,9913],{"class":65},[47,36291,102],{"class":61},[47,36293,3816],{"class":86},[47,36295,36296],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36297,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36299,36300,36302,36305,36307,36310,36312,36314,36316,36319],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36301,6137],{"class":752},[47,36303,36304],{"class":53}," i",[47,36306,309],{"class":86},[47,36308,36309],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36311,1613],{"class":752},[47,36313,36007],{"class":82},[47,36315,87],{"class":86},[47,36317,36318],{"class":90},"letters",[47,36320,771],{"class":86},[47,36322,36323,36325,36327,36330,36332,36335],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36324,776],{"class":82},[47,36326,87],{"class":86},[47,36328,36329],{"class":90},"i",[47,36331,309],{"class":86},[47,36333,36334],{"class":90}," letter",[47,36336,286],{"class":86},[20,36338,814],{},[38,36340,36342],{"className":40,"code":36341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36343,36344,36351,36358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36345,36346,36348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36347,1721],{"class":445},[47,36349,36350],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36352,36353,36355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36354,1598],{"class":445},[47,36356,36357],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36359,36360,36362],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36361,2233],{"class":445},[47,36363,36364],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,36366,36367,36368,94],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[455,36369,3755,36371,3688],{"href":36370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36372,36373],{},"range()",[149,36375,152,36377,11882],{"id":36376},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36378,35925],{},[20,36380,36381,36383,36384,94],{},[15,36382,35925],{}," returns an ",[3922,36385,36386],{},"enumerate object",[20,36388,36389,36390,36392],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36391,6137],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[162,36394,36395],{},[165,36396,36397],{},[15,36398,36399],{},"(index, item)",[20,36401,36402],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36404,183],{},[38,36406,36408],{"className":40,"code":36407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36409,36410,36443,36447,36469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36411,36412,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36413,36414],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36416,58],{"class":57},[47,36418,3803],{"class":86},[47,36420,102],{"class":61},[47,36422,4260],{"class":65},[47,36424,102],{"class":61},[47,36426,309],{"class":86},[47,36428,62],{"class":61},[47,36430,491],{"class":65},[47,36432,102],{"class":61},[47,36434,309],{"class":86},[47,36436,62],{"class":61},[47,36438,33396],{"class":65},[47,36440,102],{"class":61},[47,36442,3816],{"class":86},[47,36444,36445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36446,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36448,36449,36451,36453,36455,36458,36460,36462,36464,36467],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36450,6137],{"class":752},[47,36452,35997],{"class":53},[47,36454,309],{"class":86},[47,36456,36457],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36459,1613],{"class":752},[47,36461,36007],{"class":82},[47,36463,87],{"class":86},[47,36465,36466],{"class":90},"fruits",[47,36468,771],{"class":86},[47,36470,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36482],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36472,776],{"class":82},[47,36474,87],{"class":86},[47,36476,36022],{"class":90},[47,36478,309],{"class":86},[47,36480,36481],{"class":90}," fruit",[47,36483,286],{"class":86},[20,36485,36486],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,36488,36490],{"className":40,"code":36489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36491,36492,36512,36516,36534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36493,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36495,3798],{"class":53},[47,36497,58],{"class":57},[47,36499,3803],{"class":86},[47,36501,2509],{"class":445},[47,36503,309],{"class":86},[47,36505,7966],{"class":445},[47,36507,309],{"class":86},[47,36509,7971],{"class":445},[47,36511,3816],{"class":86},[47,36513,36514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36515,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36517,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36519,2407],{"class":53},[47,36521,58],{"class":57},[47,36523,22737],{"class":1570},[47,36525,87],{"class":86},[47,36527,36219],{"class":82},[47,36529,87],{"class":86},[47,36531,3830],{"class":90},[47,36533,1879],{"class":86},[47,36535,36536,36538,36540,36542],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36537,83],{"class":82},[47,36539,87],{"class":86},[47,36541,2442],{"class":90},[47,36543,286],{"class":86},[20,36545,814],{},[38,36547,36549],{"className":40,"code":36548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36550,36551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36552,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36554,21917],{"class":86},[47,36556,1721],{"class":445},[47,36558,309],{"class":86},[47,36560,6184],{"class":445},[47,36562,9408],{"class":86},[47,36564,1067],{"class":86},[47,36566,1598],{"class":445},[47,36568,309],{"class":86},[47,36570,7966],{"class":445},[47,36572,9408],{"class":86},[47,36574,1067],{"class":86},[47,36576,2233],{"class":445},[47,36578,309],{"class":86},[47,36580,7971],{"class":445},[47,36582,9423],{"class":86},[20,36584,36585,36586,36588],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36587,35925],{}," produces.",[149,36590,1321,36592],{"id":36591},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36593,35925],{},[20,36595,144,36596,36598],{},[15,36597,35925],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36600,36601],{},"Common cases:",[162,36603,36604,36607,36610,36613],{},[165,36605,36606],{},"printing numbered output",[165,36608,36609],{},"building menus",[165,36611,36612],{},"showing positions in a list",[165,36614,36615],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36617,183],{},[38,36619,36621],{"className":40,"code":36620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36622,36623,36658,36662,36692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36624,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36636,36638,36640,36642,36645,36647,36649,36651,36654,36656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36626,30074],{"class":53},[47,36628,58],{"class":57},[47,36630,3803],{"class":86},[47,36632,102],{"class":61},[47,36634,36635],{"class":65},"Wash dishes",[47,36637,102],{"class":61},[47,36639,309],{"class":86},[47,36641,62],{"class":61},[47,36643,36644],{"class":65},"Study Python",[47,36646,102],{"class":61},[47,36648,309],{"class":86},[47,36650,62],{"class":61},[47,36652,36653],{"class":65},"Go for a walk",[47,36655,102],{"class":61},[47,36657,3816],{"class":86},[47,36659,36660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36661,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36663,36664,36666,36668,36670,36673,36675,36677,36679,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36665,6137],{"class":752},[47,36667,2374],{"class":53},[47,36669,309],{"class":86},[47,36671,36672],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36674,1613],{"class":752},[47,36676,36007],{"class":82},[47,36678,87],{"class":86},[47,36680,36681],{"class":90},"tasks",[47,36683,309],{"class":86},[47,36685,312],{"class":9350},[47,36687,58],{"class":57},[47,36689,1598],{"class":445},[47,36691,771],{"class":86},[47,36693,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36715,36717,36719],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36695,776],{"class":82},[47,36697,87],{"class":86},[47,36699,22471],{"class":2242},[47,36701,102],{"class":65},[47,36703,9452],{"class":445},[47,36705,2417],{"class":90},[47,36707,22480],{"class":445},[47,36709,28491],{"class":65},[47,36711,9452],{"class":445},[47,36713,36714],{"class":90},"task",[47,36716,22480],{"class":445},[47,36718,102],{"class":65},[47,36720,286],{"class":86},[20,36722,814],{},[38,36724,36726],{"className":40,"code":36725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36727,36728,36740,36752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36729,36730,36732,36734,36737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36731,1598],{"class":445},[47,36733,94],{"class":86},[47,36735,36736],{"class":24927}," Wash",[47,36738,36739],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36741,36742,36744,36746,36749],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36743,2233],{"class":445},[47,36745,94],{"class":86},[47,36747,36748],{"class":24927}," Study",[47,36750,36751],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36753,36754,36756,36758,36761,36763],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36755,2239],{"class":445},[47,36757,94],{"class":86},[47,36759,36760],{"class":24927}," Go",[47,36762,4057],{"class":752},[47,36764,36765],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,36767,36768,36769,36771,36772,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36770,35925],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36773,36774],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36776,36777,36778,94],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[455,36779,36781,36782,36784],{"href":36780},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36783,35925],{}," in Python",[149,36786,36788,36789,36791],{"id":36787},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36790,522],{}," argument",[20,36793,36794,36795,36797],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36796,522],{}," argument.",[20,36799,36800,36801,11267,36803,3062],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36802,1598],{},[15,36804,1721],{},[38,36806,36808],{"className":40,"code":36807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36809,36810,36842,36846,36874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36811,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36813,13254],{"class":53},[47,36815,58],{"class":57},[47,36817,3803],{"class":86},[47,36819,102],{"class":61},[47,36821,13271],{"class":65},[47,36823,102],{"class":61},[47,36825,309],{"class":86},[47,36827,62],{"class":61},[47,36829,17633],{"class":65},[47,36831,102],{"class":61},[47,36833,309],{"class":86},[47,36835,62],{"class":61},[47,36837,13288],{"class":65},[47,36839,102],{"class":61},[47,36841,3816],{"class":86},[47,36843,36844],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36845,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36847,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36849,6137],{"class":752},[47,36851,35997],{"class":53},[47,36853,309],{"class":86},[47,36855,36002],{"class":53},[47,36857,1613],{"class":752},[47,36859,36007],{"class":82},[47,36861,87],{"class":86},[47,36863,17680],{"class":90},[47,36865,309],{"class":86},[47,36867,312],{"class":9350},[47,36869,58],{"class":57},[47,36871,1598],{"class":445},[47,36873,771],{"class":86},[47,36875,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36877,776],{"class":82},[47,36879,87],{"class":86},[47,36881,36022],{"class":90},[47,36883,309],{"class":86},[47,36885,36027],{"class":90},[47,36887,286],{"class":86},[20,36889,814],{},[38,36891,36893],{"className":40,"code":36892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36894,36895,36901,36907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36896,36897,36899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36898,1598],{"class":445},[47,36900,36043],{"class":53},[47,36902,36903,36905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36904,2233],{"class":445},[47,36906,36050],{"class":53},[47,36908,36909,36911],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36910,2239],{"class":445},[47,36912,36057],{"class":53},[20,36914,36915],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36917,36918],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[149,36920,25535],{"id":25534},[20,36922,25538,36923,94],{},[15,36924,35925],{},[469,36926,36928],{"id":36927},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36930,36931],{},"In this loop:",[38,36933,36935],{"className":40,"code":36934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36936,36937,36957,36961,36981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36938,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36940,3798],{"class":53},[47,36942,58],{"class":57},[47,36944,3803],{"class":86},[47,36946,2509],{"class":445},[47,36948,309],{"class":86},[47,36950,7966],{"class":445},[47,36952,309],{"class":86},[47,36954,7971],{"class":445},[47,36956,3816],{"class":86},[47,36958,36959],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36960,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,36962,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,36964,6137],{"class":752},[47,36966,35997],{"class":53},[47,36968,309],{"class":86},[47,36970,21761],{"class":53},[47,36972,1613],{"class":752},[47,36974,36007],{"class":82},[47,36976,87],{"class":86},[47,36978,3830],{"class":90},[47,36980,771],{"class":86},[47,36982,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,36984,776],{"class":82},[47,36986,87],{"class":86},[47,36988,36022],{"class":90},[47,36990,309],{"class":86},[47,36992,8608],{"class":90},[47,36994,286],{"class":86},[162,36996,36997,37007],{},[165,36998,36999,4964,37001,2366,37003,2366,37005],{},[15,37000,36022],{},[15,37002,1721],{},[15,37004,1598],{},[15,37006,2233],{},[165,37008,37009,4964,37011,2366,37013,2366,37015],{},[15,37010,1587],{},[15,37012,2509],{},[15,37014,15934],{},[15,37016,37017],{},"30",[20,37019,37020],{},"These are different things.",[469,37022,37024],{"id":37023},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37026,37027,37028,37030],{},"Each item from ",[15,37029,35925],{}," is a pair.",[20,37032,6865],{},[38,37034,37036],{"className":40,"code":37035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37037,37038,37062,37066,37086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37039,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37041,7955],{"class":53},[47,37043,58],{"class":57},[47,37045,3803],{"class":86},[47,37047,102],{"class":61},[47,37049,2350],{"class":65},[47,37051,102],{"class":61},[47,37053,309],{"class":86},[47,37055,62],{"class":61},[47,37057,11922],{"class":65},[47,37059,102],{"class":61},[47,37061,3816],{"class":86},[47,37063,37064],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37065,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,37067,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37069,6137],{"class":752},[47,37071,36304],{"class":53},[47,37073,309],{"class":86},[47,37075,6140],{"class":53},[47,37077,1613],{"class":752},[47,37079,36007],{"class":82},[47,37081,87],{"class":86},[47,37083,7986],{"class":90},[47,37085,771],{"class":86},[47,37087,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37089,776],{"class":82},[47,37091,87],{"class":86},[47,37093,36329],{"class":90},[47,37095,309],{"class":86},[47,37097,29684],{"class":90},[47,37099,286],{"class":86},[20,37101,37102],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,37104,37106],{"className":40,"code":37105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37107,37108,37132,37136,37161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37109,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37111,7955],{"class":53},[47,37113,58],{"class":57},[47,37115,3803],{"class":86},[47,37117,102],{"class":61},[47,37119,2350],{"class":65},[47,37121,102],{"class":61},[47,37123,309],{"class":86},[47,37125,62],{"class":61},[47,37127,11922],{"class":65},[47,37129,102],{"class":61},[47,37131,3816],{"class":86},[47,37133,37134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37135,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,37137,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37139,6137],{"class":752},[47,37141,36304],{"class":53},[47,37143,309],{"class":86},[47,37145,29684],{"class":53},[47,37147,309],{"class":86},[47,37149,37150],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,37152,1613],{"class":752},[47,37154,36007],{"class":82},[47,37156,87],{"class":86},[47,37158,7986],{"class":90},[47,37160,771],{"class":86},[47,37162,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37178],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37164,776],{"class":82},[47,37166,87],{"class":86},[47,37168,36329],{"class":90},[47,37170,309],{"class":86},[47,37172,29684],{"class":90},[47,37174,309],{"class":86},[47,37176,37177],{"class":90}," extra",[47,37179,286],{"class":86},[20,37181,29238,37182,37184],{},[15,37183,35925],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[469,37186,37188,37190],{"id":37187},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37189,35925],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37192,37193],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37195,37196],{},"Example with a string:",[38,37198,37200],{"className":40,"code":37199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37201,37202,37228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37203,37204,37206,37208,37210,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37224,37226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37205,6137],{"class":752},[47,37207,35997],{"class":53},[47,37209,309],{"class":86},[47,37211,37212],{"class":53}," char ",[47,37214,1613],{"class":752},[47,37216,36007],{"class":82},[47,37218,87],{"class":86},[47,37220,102],{"class":61},[47,37222,37223],{"class":65},"cat",[47,37225,102],{"class":61},[47,37227,771],{"class":86},[47,37229,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37231,776],{"class":82},[47,37233,87],{"class":86},[47,37235,36022],{"class":90},[47,37237,309],{"class":86},[47,37239,37240],{"class":90}," char",[47,37242,286],{"class":86},[20,37244,814],{},[38,37246,37248],{"className":40,"code":37247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37249,37250,37256,37262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37251,37252,37254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37253,1721],{"class":445},[47,37255,36364],{"class":53},[47,37257,37258,37260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37259,1598],{"class":445},[47,37261,36350],{"class":53},[47,37263,37264,37266],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37265,2233],{"class":445},[47,37267,37268],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,37270,37271,37272,94],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[455,37273,5317],{"href":5765},[469,37275,37277],{"id":37276},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37279,37280,37281,94],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37282,35925],{},[20,37284,37285,37286,37288],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37287,6137],{}," loop:",[38,37290,37292],{"className":40,"code":37291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37293,37294,37326,37330,37342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37295,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37297,13254],{"class":53},[47,37299,58],{"class":57},[47,37301,3803],{"class":86},[47,37303,102],{"class":61},[47,37305,13271],{"class":65},[47,37307,102],{"class":61},[47,37309,309],{"class":86},[47,37311,62],{"class":61},[47,37313,17633],{"class":65},[47,37315,102],{"class":61},[47,37317,309],{"class":86},[47,37319,62],{"class":61},[47,37321,13288],{"class":65},[47,37323,102],{"class":61},[47,37325,3816],{"class":86},[47,37327,37328],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37329,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,37331,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37333,6137],{"class":752},[47,37335,36002],{"class":53},[47,37337,1613],{"class":752},[47,37339,13302],{"class":53},[47,37341,795],{"class":86},[47,37343,37344,37346,37348,37350],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37345,776],{"class":82},[47,37347,87],{"class":86},[47,37349,33066],{"class":90},[47,37351,286],{"class":86},[20,37353,37354],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[149,37356,1425],{"id":1424},[20,37358,37359],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[162,37361,37362,37367,37373,37378],{},[165,37363,23277,37364,37366],{},[15,37365,35925],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[165,37368,37369,37370,37372],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37371,1721],{}," by default",[165,37374,831,37375,37377],{},[15,37376,35925],{}," when only values are needed",[165,37379,1608,37380,834,37382],{},[15,37381,35925],{},[15,37383,36373],{},[20,37385,37386],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,37388,37390],{"className":40,"code":37389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37391,37392,37414,37441,37475,37508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37393,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37395,83],{"class":82},[47,37397,87],{"class":86},[47,37399,36219],{"class":82},[47,37401,3163],{"class":86},[47,37403,2509],{"class":445},[47,37405,309],{"class":86},[47,37407,7966],{"class":445},[47,37409,309],{"class":86},[47,37411,7971],{"class":445},[47,37413,3176],{"class":86},[47,37415,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37417,83],{"class":82},[47,37419,87],{"class":86},[47,37421,8269],{"class":1570},[47,37423,87],{"class":86},[47,37425,36219],{"class":82},[47,37427,3163],{"class":86},[47,37429,2509],{"class":445},[47,37431,309],{"class":86},[47,37433,7966],{"class":445},[47,37435,309],{"class":86},[47,37437,7971],{"class":445},[47,37439,37440],{"class":86},"])))\n",[47,37442,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37444,83],{"class":82},[47,37446,87],{"class":86},[47,37448,8269],{"class":1570},[47,37450,87],{"class":86},[47,37452,36219],{"class":82},[47,37454,3163],{"class":86},[47,37456,2509],{"class":445},[47,37458,309],{"class":86},[47,37460,7966],{"class":445},[47,37462,309],{"class":86},[47,37464,7971],{"class":445},[47,37466,18240],{"class":86},[47,37468,312],{"class":9350},[47,37470,58],{"class":57},[47,37472,1598],{"class":445},[47,37474,1958],{"class":86},[47,37476,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37478,6137],{"class":752},[47,37480,36304],{"class":53},[47,37482,309],{"class":86},[47,37484,21761],{"class":53},[47,37486,1613],{"class":752},[47,37488,36007],{"class":82},[47,37490,3163],{"class":86},[47,37492,3479],{"class":61},[47,37494,455],{"class":65},[47,37496,3479],{"class":61},[47,37498,309],{"class":86},[47,37500,3474],{"class":61},[47,37502,2014],{"class":65},[47,37504,3479],{"class":61},[47,37506,37507],{"class":86},"]):\n",[47,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,37511,776],{"class":82},[47,37513,87],{"class":86},[47,37515,36329],{"class":90},[47,37517,309],{"class":86},[47,37519,8608],{"class":90},[47,37521,286],{"class":86},[20,37523,17137],{},[38,37525,37527],{"className":40,"code":37526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37528,37529,37549,37581,37613,37619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37530,37531,37533,37535,37537,37540,37544,37547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37532,3468],{"class":57},[47,37534,36219],{"class":82},[47,37536,24794],{"class":1570},[47,37538,37539],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37541,37543],{"class":37542},"srjyR","0x",[47,37545,37546],{"class":34629},"...",[47,37548,3482],{"class":57},[47,37550,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37552,21917],{"class":86},[47,37554,1721],{"class":445},[47,37556,309],{"class":86},[47,37558,6184],{"class":445},[47,37560,9408],{"class":86},[47,37562,1067],{"class":86},[47,37564,1598],{"class":445},[47,37566,309],{"class":86},[47,37568,7966],{"class":445},[47,37570,9408],{"class":86},[47,37572,1067],{"class":86},[47,37574,2233],{"class":445},[47,37576,309],{"class":86},[47,37578,7971],{"class":445},[47,37580,9423],{"class":86},[47,37582,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37584,21917],{"class":86},[47,37586,1598],{"class":445},[47,37588,309],{"class":86},[47,37590,6184],{"class":445},[47,37592,9408],{"class":86},[47,37594,1067],{"class":86},[47,37596,2233],{"class":445},[47,37598,309],{"class":86},[47,37600,7966],{"class":445},[47,37602,9408],{"class":86},[47,37604,1067],{"class":86},[47,37606,2239],{"class":445},[47,37608,309],{"class":86},[47,37610,7971],{"class":445},[47,37612,9423],{"class":86},[47,37614,37615,37617],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37616,1721],{"class":445},[47,37618,36350],{"class":53},[47,37620,37621,37623],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,37622,1598],{"class":445},[47,37624,36357],{"class":53},[149,37626,1962],{"id":1961},[469,37628,5323,37630,5326],{"id":37629},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37631,35925],{},[20,37633,37634],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[469,37636,1966,37638,37640],{"id":37637},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37639,35925],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37642,37643,37644,37646,37647,37650],{},"It starts at ",[15,37645,1721],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37648,37649],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[469,37652,21597,37654,11267,37656,2037],{"id":37653},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37655,35925],{},[15,37657,37658],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37660,36768,37661,37663],{},[15,37662,35925],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[469,37665,1980,37667,37669],{"id":37666},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37668,35925],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37671,37672,37673,37675],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37674,35925],{}," can return each character with its index.",[149,37677,2062],{"id":2061},[162,37679,37680,37684,37690,37697],{},[165,37681,37682],{},[455,37683,36205],{"href":36204},[165,37685,37686],{},[455,37687,3755,37688,3688],{"href":36370},[15,37689,36373],{},[165,37691,37692],{},[455,37693,37694,37695,36784],{"href":36780},"How to use ",[15,37696,35925],{},[165,37698,37699],{},[455,37700,5395],{"href":5765},[2093,37702,37703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":37705},[37706,37707,37709,37710,37712,37714,37716,37723,37724,37734],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":36065,"depth":72,"text":37708},"What enumerate() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":36376,"depth":72,"text":37711},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36591,"depth":72,"text":37713},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36787,"depth":72,"text":37715},"Using the start argument",{"id":25534,"depth":72,"text":25535,"children":37717},[37718,37719,37720,37722],{"id":36927,"depth":79,"text":36928},{"id":37023,"depth":79,"text":37024},{"id":37187,"depth":79,"text":37721},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37276,"depth":79,"text":37277},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":37725},[37726,37728,37730,37732],{"id":37629,"depth":79,"text":37727},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37637,"depth":79,"text":37729},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37653,"depth":79,"text":37731},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37666,"depth":79,"text":37733},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35917,"description":37735},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37742,"title":37743,"body":37744,"description":40258,"extension":2138,"meta":40259,"navigation":75,"path":40260,"seo":40261,"stem":40262,"__hash__":40263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37745,"toc":40215},[37746,37752,37757,37760,37768,37782,37784,37874,37882,37887,37892,37894,37910,37912,37991,37993,38010,38016,38020,38022,38043,38047,38050,38062,38066,38069,38072,38089,38092,38168,38170,38187,38192,38196,38204,38207,38222,38224,38313,38315,38360,38363,38367,38370,38449,38451,38473,38476,38483,38488,38491,38594,38596,38621,38624,38631,38637,38642,38645,38656,38762,38764,38785,38793,38800,38806,38825,38830,38833,38852,38854,38939,38941,38970,38973,38978,38983,38986,38997,38999,39088,39090,39110,39116,39222,39224,39244,39247,39331,39333,39353,39360,39362,39366,39372,39375,39432,39435,39437,39498,39507,39510,39513,39541,39544,39604,39606,39623,39627,39630,39708,39710,39730,39733,39808,39812,39815,39817,39826,39831,39833,39884,39892,39904,39909,39970,39972,39989,39993,40056,40058,40083,40091,40093,40099,40105,40112,40120,40126,40129,40136,40146,40152,40158,40161,40178,40184,40186,40212],[10,37747,3755,37749,3759],{"id":37748},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37750,37751],{},"filter()",[20,37753,37754,37756],{},[15,37755,37751],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37758,37759],{},"It takes:",[162,37761,37762,37765],{},[165,37763,37764],{},"a function that checks each item",[165,37766,37767],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37769,37770,37771,37774,37775,37778,37779,37781],{},"The result is ",[3922,37772,37773],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37776,37777],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37780,24958],{}," to see the values.",[149,37783,2179],{"id":2178},[38,37785,37787],{"className":40,"code":37786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37788,37789,37821,37857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37790,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37792,3798],{"class":53},[47,37794,58],{"class":57},[47,37796,3803],{"class":86},[47,37798,1598],{"class":445},[47,37800,309],{"class":86},[47,37802,1769],{"class":445},[47,37804,309],{"class":86},[47,37806,2630],{"class":445},[47,37808,309],{"class":86},[47,37810,912],{"class":445},[47,37812,309],{"class":86},[47,37814,4787],{"class":445},[47,37816,309],{"class":86},[47,37818,446],{"class":445},[47,37820,3816],{"class":86},[47,37822,37823,37825,37827,37830,37832,37835,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37824,2407],{"class":53},[47,37826,58],{"class":57},[47,37828,37829],{"class":82}," filter",[47,37831,87],{"class":86},[47,37833,37834],{"class":2242},"lambda",[47,37836,37838],{"class":37837},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37840,3062],{"class":86},[47,37842,4060],{"class":90},[47,37844,6582],{"class":57},[47,37846,1769],{"class":445},[47,37848,6587],{"class":57},[47,37850,4014],{"class":445},[47,37852,309],{"class":86},[47,37854,4444],{"class":90},[47,37856,286],{"class":86},[47,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37860,83],{"class":82},[47,37862,87],{"class":86},[47,37864,8269],{"class":1570},[47,37866,87],{"class":86},[47,37868,2442],{"class":90},[47,37870,110],{"class":86},[47,37872,37873],{"class":113},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37875,37876,37878,37879,37881],{},[15,37877,37751],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37880,24958],{}," to see the results.",[149,37883,152,37885,155],{"id":37884},"what-filter-does",[15,37886,37751],{},[20,37888,37889,37891],{},[15,37890,37751],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37893,2284],{},[162,37895,37896,37899,37905],{},[165,37897,37898],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[165,37900,37901,37902,37904],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37903,31],{},", the item is kept",[165,37906,37901,37907,37909],{},[15,37908,35],{},", the item is removed",[20,37911,183],{},[38,37913,37915],{"className":40,"code":37914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37916,37917,37945,37949,37977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37918,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37920,3798],{"class":53},[47,37922,58],{"class":57},[47,37924,3803],{"class":86},[47,37926,1598],{"class":445},[47,37928,309],{"class":86},[47,37930,1769],{"class":445},[47,37932,309],{"class":86},[47,37934,2630],{"class":445},[47,37936,309],{"class":86},[47,37938,912],{"class":445},[47,37940,309],{"class":86},[47,37942,4787],{"class":445},[47,37944,3816],{"class":86},[47,37946,37947],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37948,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,37950,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,37952,2407],{"class":53},[47,37954,58],{"class":57},[47,37956,37829],{"class":82},[47,37958,87],{"class":86},[47,37960,37834],{"class":2242},[47,37962,37838],{"class":37837},[47,37964,3062],{"class":86},[47,37966,4060],{"class":90},[47,37968,4433],{"class":57},[47,37970,2630],{"class":445},[47,37972,309],{"class":86},[47,37974,4444],{"class":90},[47,37976,286],{"class":86},[47,37978,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,37980,83],{"class":82},[47,37982,87],{"class":86},[47,37984,8269],{"class":1570},[47,37986,87],{"class":86},[47,37988,2442],{"class":90},[47,37990,1879],{"class":86},[20,37992,814],{},[38,37994,37996],{"className":40,"code":37995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37997,37998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37999,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38001,4080],{"class":86},[47,38003,2682],{"class":445},[47,38005,309],{"class":86},[47,38007,4787],{"class":445},[47,38009,3816],{"class":86},[20,38011,38012,38013,38015],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38014,2239],{}," are kept.",[149,38017,38019],{"id":38018},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38021,2336],{},[38,38023,38025],{"className":40,"code":38024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38026,38027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38028,38029,38031,38033,38036,38038,38041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38030,37777],{"class":82},[47,38032,87],{"class":86},[47,38034,38035],{"class":90},"function",[47,38037,309],{"class":86},[47,38039,38040],{"class":90}," iterable",[47,38042,286],{"class":86},[469,38044,38045],{"id":38035},[15,38046,38035],{},[20,38048,38049],{},"This is the test function.",[162,38051,38052,38055],{},[165,38053,38054],{},"It receives one item at a time",[165,38056,38057,38058,32,38060],{},"It should return ",[15,38059,31],{},[15,38061,35],{},[469,38063,38064],{"id":3899},[15,38065,3899],{},[20,38067,38068],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38070,38071],{},"It can be:",[162,38073,38074,38077,38080,38083,38086],{},[165,38075,38076],{},"a list",[165,38078,38079],{},"a tuple",[165,38081,38082],{},"a string",[165,38084,38085],{},"a set",[165,38087,38088],{},"another iterable object",[20,38090,38091],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,38093,38095],{"className":40,"code":38094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38096,38097,38122,38126,38154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38098,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38100,3798],{"class":53},[47,38102,58],{"class":57},[47,38104,1067],{"class":86},[47,38106,2509],{"class":445},[47,38108,309],{"class":86},[47,38110,38111],{"class":445}," 15",[47,38113,309],{"class":86},[47,38115,7966],{"class":445},[47,38117,309],{"class":86},[47,38119,9480],{"class":445},[47,38121,286],{"class":86},[47,38123,38124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38125,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38127,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38129,2407],{"class":53},[47,38131,58],{"class":57},[47,38133,37829],{"class":82},[47,38135,87],{"class":86},[47,38137,37834],{"class":2242},[47,38139,37838],{"class":37837},[47,38141,3062],{"class":86},[47,38143,4060],{"class":90},[47,38145,5279],{"class":57},[47,38147,7966],{"class":445},[47,38149,309],{"class":86},[47,38151,4444],{"class":90},[47,38153,286],{"class":86},[47,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38157,83],{"class":82},[47,38159,87],{"class":86},[47,38161,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38163,87],{"class":86},[47,38165,2442],{"class":90},[47,38167,1879],{"class":86},[20,38169,814],{},[38,38171,38173],{"className":40,"code":38172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38174,38175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38176,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38178,4080],{"class":86},[47,38180,15934],{"class":445},[47,38182,309],{"class":86},[47,38184,9480],{"class":445},[47,38186,3816],{"class":86},[20,38188,38189,38190,94],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[455,38191,5317],{"href":5765},[149,38193,38195],{"id":38194},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38197,38198,38199,22152,38201,94],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38200,37751],{},[3922,38202,38203],{},"filter object",[20,38205,38206],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[162,38208,38209,38212,38217],{},[165,38210,38211],{},"loop through it",[165,38213,38214,38215],{},"convert it with ",[15,38216,24958],{},[165,38218,38214,38219],{},[15,38220,38221],{},"tuple()",[20,38223,183],{},[38,38225,38227],{"className":40,"code":38226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38228,38229,38271,38275,38285,38299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38230,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38232,2407],{"class":53},[47,38234,58],{"class":57},[47,38236,37829],{"class":82},[47,38238,87],{"class":86},[47,38240,37834],{"class":2242},[47,38242,37838],{"class":37837},[47,38244,3062],{"class":86},[47,38246,4060],{"class":90},[47,38248,4433],{"class":57},[47,38250,1769],{"class":445},[47,38252,309],{"class":86},[47,38254,3803],{"class":86},[47,38256,1598],{"class":445},[47,38258,309],{"class":86},[47,38260,1769],{"class":445},[47,38262,309],{"class":86},[47,38264,2630],{"class":445},[47,38266,309],{"class":86},[47,38268,912],{"class":445},[47,38270,4068],{"class":86},[47,38272,38273],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38274,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38276,38277,38279,38281,38283],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38278,83],{"class":82},[47,38280,87],{"class":86},[47,38282,2442],{"class":90},[47,38284,286],{"class":86},[47,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38288,83],{"class":82},[47,38290,87],{"class":86},[47,38292,1872],{"class":1570},[47,38294,87],{"class":86},[47,38296,2442],{"class":90},[47,38298,1879],{"class":86},[47,38300,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,38302,83],{"class":82},[47,38304,87],{"class":86},[47,38306,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38308,87],{"class":86},[47,38310,2442],{"class":90},[47,38312,1879],{"class":86},[20,38314,814],{},[38,38316,38318],{"className":40,"code":38317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38319,38320,38334,38348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38321,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38323,3468],{"class":57},[47,38325,37777],{"class":82},[47,38327,24794],{"class":1570},[47,38329,37539],{"class":53},[47,38331,37546],{"class":34629},[47,38333,3482],{"class":57},[47,38335,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38337,3468],{"class":57},[47,38339,3471],{"class":2242},[47,38341,3474],{"class":61},[47,38343,37777],{"class":65},[47,38345,3479],{"class":61},[47,38347,3482],{"class":57},[47,38349,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38351,4080],{"class":86},[47,38353,2239],{"class":445},[47,38355,309],{"class":86},[47,38357,912],{"class":445},[47,38359,3816],{"class":86},[20,38361,38362],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[469,38364,38366],{"id":38365},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38368,38369],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,38371,38373],{"className":40,"code":38372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38374,38375,38417,38421,38435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38376,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38378,2407],{"class":53},[47,38380,58],{"class":57},[47,38382,37829],{"class":82},[47,38384,87],{"class":86},[47,38386,37834],{"class":2242},[47,38388,37838],{"class":37837},[47,38390,3062],{"class":86},[47,38392,4060],{"class":90},[47,38394,4433],{"class":57},[47,38396,1769],{"class":445},[47,38398,309],{"class":86},[47,38400,3803],{"class":86},[47,38402,1598],{"class":445},[47,38404,309],{"class":86},[47,38406,1769],{"class":445},[47,38408,309],{"class":86},[47,38410,2630],{"class":445},[47,38412,309],{"class":86},[47,38414,912],{"class":445},[47,38416,4068],{"class":86},[47,38418,38419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38420,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38422,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38424,83],{"class":82},[47,38426,87],{"class":86},[47,38428,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38430,87],{"class":86},[47,38432,2442],{"class":90},[47,38434,1879],{"class":86},[47,38436,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38438,83],{"class":82},[47,38440,87],{"class":86},[47,38442,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38444,87],{"class":86},[47,38446,2442],{"class":90},[47,38448,1879],{"class":86},[20,38450,814],{},[38,38452,38454],{"className":40,"code":38453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38455,38456,38468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38457,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38459,4080],{"class":86},[47,38461,2239],{"class":445},[47,38463,309],{"class":86},[47,38465,912],{"class":445},[47,38467,3816],{"class":86},[47,38469,38470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38471,38472],{"class":86},"[]\n",[20,38474,38475],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[149,38477,831,38479,834,38481],{"id":38478},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38480,37751],{},[15,38482,37834],{},[20,38484,15368,38485,38487],{},[15,38486,37834],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38489,38490],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,38492,38494],{"className":40,"code":38493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38495,38496,38538,38542,38580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38497,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38534,38536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38499,4251],{"class":53},[47,38501,58],{"class":57},[47,38503,3803],{"class":86},[47,38505,102],{"class":61},[47,38507,4260],{"class":65},[47,38509,102],{"class":61},[47,38511,309],{"class":86},[47,38513,62],{"class":61},[47,38515,38516],{"class":65},"kiwi",[47,38518,102],{"class":61},[47,38520,309],{"class":86},[47,38522,62],{"class":61},[47,38524,491],{"class":65},[47,38526,102],{"class":61},[47,38528,309],{"class":86},[47,38530,62],{"class":61},[47,38532,38533],{"class":65},"fig",[47,38535,102],{"class":61},[47,38537,3816],{"class":86},[47,38539,38540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38541,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38557,38559,38562,38564,38567,38569,38572,38574,38576,38578],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38545,2407],{"class":53},[47,38547,58],{"class":57},[47,38549,37829],{"class":82},[47,38551,87],{"class":86},[47,38553,37834],{"class":2242},[47,38555,38556],{"class":37837}," word",[47,38558,3062],{"class":86},[47,38560,38561],{"class":82}," len",[47,38563,87],{"class":86},[47,38565,38566],{"class":90},"word",[47,38568,1696],{"class":86},[47,38570,38571],{"class":57}," >",[47,38573,912],{"class":445},[47,38575,309],{"class":86},[47,38577,6348],{"class":90},[47,38579,286],{"class":86},[47,38581,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38583,83],{"class":82},[47,38585,87],{"class":86},[47,38587,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38589,87],{"class":86},[47,38591,2442],{"class":90},[47,38593,1879],{"class":86},[20,38595,814],{},[38,38597,38599],{"className":40,"code":38598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38600,38601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38604,4080],{"class":86},[47,38606,3479],{"class":61},[47,38608,4260],{"class":65},[47,38610,3479],{"class":61},[47,38612,309],{"class":86},[47,38614,3474],{"class":61},[47,38616,491],{"class":65},[47,38618,3479],{"class":61},[47,38620,3816],{"class":86},[20,38622,38623],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38625,38626,38627,94],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[455,38628,38630],{"href":38629},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[149,38632,831,38634,38636],{"id":38633},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38635,37751],{}," with a named function",[20,38638,38639,38640,94],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38641,37834],{},[20,38643,38644],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[162,38646,38647,38650,38653],{},[165,38648,38649],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[165,38651,38652],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[165,38654,38655],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,38657,38659],{"className":40,"code":38658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38660,38661,38674,38689,38693,38725,38744,38748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38662,38663,38665,38668,38670,38672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38664,35026],{"class":2242},[47,38666,38667],{"class":35029}," is_even",[47,38669,87],{"class":86},[47,38671,2417],{"class":37837},[47,38673,771],{"class":86},[47,38675,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38677,35037],{"class":752},[47,38679,6566],{"class":53},[47,38681,6582],{"class":57},[47,38683,1769],{"class":445},[47,38685,6587],{"class":57},[47,38687,38688],{"class":445}," 0\n",[47,38690,38691],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38692,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38694,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38696,3798],{"class":53},[47,38698,58],{"class":57},[47,38700,3803],{"class":86},[47,38702,1598],{"class":445},[47,38704,309],{"class":86},[47,38706,1769],{"class":445},[47,38708,309],{"class":86},[47,38710,2630],{"class":445},[47,38712,309],{"class":86},[47,38714,912],{"class":445},[47,38716,309],{"class":86},[47,38718,4787],{"class":445},[47,38720,309],{"class":86},[47,38722,446],{"class":445},[47,38724,3816],{"class":86},[47,38726,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38738,38740,38742],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,38728,2407],{"class":53},[47,38730,58],{"class":57},[47,38732,37829],{"class":82},[47,38734,87],{"class":86},[47,38736,38737],{"class":90},"is_even",[47,38739,309],{"class":86},[47,38741,4444],{"class":90},[47,38743,286],{"class":86},[47,38745,38746],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,38747,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38749,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,38751,83],{"class":82},[47,38753,87],{"class":86},[47,38755,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38757,87],{"class":86},[47,38759,2442],{"class":90},[47,38761,1879],{"class":86},[20,38763,814],{},[38,38765,38767],{"className":40,"code":38766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38768,38769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38770,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38772,4080],{"class":86},[47,38774,2233],{"class":445},[47,38776,309],{"class":86},[47,38778,912],{"class":445},[47,38780,309],{"class":86},[47,38782,446],{"class":445},[47,38784,3816],{"class":86},[20,38786,340,38787,2576,38790,38792],{},[15,38788,38789],{},"is_even()",[15,38791,31],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[149,38794,831,38796,834,38798],{"id":38795},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38797,3958],{},[15,38799,37751],{},[20,38801,38802,38803,38805],{},"You can pass ",[15,38804,3958],{}," as the first argument:",[38,38807,38809],{"className":40,"code":38808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38810,38811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38812,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38814,37777],{"class":82},[47,38816,87],{"class":86},[47,38818,3958],{"class":4032},[47,38820,309],{"class":86},[47,38822,38040],{"class":90},[47,38824,286],{"class":86},[20,38826,38827,38828,7515],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3922,38829,5775],{},[20,38831,38832],{},"Falsy values include:",[162,38834,38835,38839,38844,38848],{},[165,38836,38837],{},[15,38838,1721],{},[165,38840,38841,38843],{},[15,38842,3953],{}," (empty string)",[165,38845,38846],{},[15,38847,3958],{},[165,38849,38850],{},[15,38851,35],{},[20,38853,183],{},[38,38855,38857],{"className":40,"code":38856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38858,38859,38903,38907,38925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38860,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38862,7955],{"class":53},[47,38864,58],{"class":57},[47,38866,3803],{"class":86},[47,38868,1721],{"class":445},[47,38870,309],{"class":86},[47,38872,5677],{"class":445},[47,38874,309],{"class":86},[47,38876,6306],{"class":61},[47,38878,309],{"class":86},[47,38880,62],{"class":61},[47,38882,386],{"class":65},[47,38884,102],{"class":61},[47,38886,309],{"class":86},[47,38888,4033],{"class":4032},[47,38890,309],{"class":86},[47,38892,4096],{"class":4032},[47,38894,309],{"class":86},[47,38896,4087],{"class":4032},[47,38898,309],{"class":86},[47,38900,4787],{"class":445},[47,38902,3816],{"class":86},[47,38904,38905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38906,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,38908,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,38910,2407],{"class":53},[47,38912,58],{"class":57},[47,38914,37829],{"class":82},[47,38916,87],{"class":86},[47,38918,3958],{"class":4032},[47,38920,309],{"class":86},[47,38922,6145],{"class":90},[47,38924,286],{"class":86},[47,38926,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,38928,83],{"class":82},[47,38930,87],{"class":86},[47,38932,8269],{"class":1570},[47,38934,87],{"class":86},[47,38936,2442],{"class":90},[47,38938,1879],{"class":86},[20,38940,814],{},[38,38942,38944],{"className":40,"code":38943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38945,38946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38947,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38949,4080],{"class":86},[47,38951,1598],{"class":445},[47,38953,309],{"class":86},[47,38955,3474],{"class":61},[47,38957,386],{"class":65},[47,38959,3479],{"class":61},[47,38961,309],{"class":86},[47,38963,4096],{"class":4032},[47,38965,309],{"class":86},[47,38967,4787],{"class":445},[47,38969,3816],{"class":86},[20,38971,38972],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[149,38974,1321,38976],{"id":38975},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38977,37751],{},[20,38979,144,38980,38982],{},[15,38981,37751],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38984,38985],{},"It works well for:",[162,38987,38988,38991,38994],{},[165,38989,38990],{},"simple filtering rules",[165,38992,38993],{},"quick data cleaning",[165,38995,38996],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38998,183],{},[38,39000,39002],{"className":40,"code":39001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39003,39004,39036,39069,39073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39005,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39007,3798],{"class":53},[47,39009,58],{"class":57},[47,39011,3803],{"class":86},[47,39013,1598],{"class":445},[47,39015,309],{"class":86},[47,39017,1769],{"class":445},[47,39019,309],{"class":86},[47,39021,2630],{"class":445},[47,39023,309],{"class":86},[47,39025,912],{"class":445},[47,39027,309],{"class":86},[47,39029,4787],{"class":445},[47,39031,309],{"class":86},[47,39033,446],{"class":445},[47,39035,3816],{"class":86},[47,39037,39038,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39039,39040],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,39042,58],{"class":57},[47,39044,37829],{"class":82},[47,39046,87],{"class":86},[47,39048,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39050,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39052,3062],{"class":86},[47,39054,4060],{"class":90},[47,39056,6582],{"class":57},[47,39058,1769],{"class":445},[47,39060,6587],{"class":57},[47,39062,4014],{"class":445},[47,39064,309],{"class":86},[47,39066,4444],{"class":90},[47,39068,286],{"class":86},[47,39070,39071],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,39072,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39074,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39086],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,39076,83],{"class":82},[47,39078,87],{"class":86},[47,39080,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39082,87],{"class":86},[47,39084,39085],{"class":90},"evens",[47,39087,1879],{"class":86},[20,39089,814],{},[38,39091,39092],{"className":40,"code":38766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39093,39094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39095,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39097,4080],{"class":86},[47,39099,2233],{"class":445},[47,39101,309],{"class":86},[47,39103,912],{"class":445},[47,39105,309],{"class":86},[47,39107,446],{"class":445},[47,39109,3816],{"class":86},[20,39111,39112,39113,39115],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39114,6137],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,39117,39119],{"className":40,"code":39118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39120,39121,39153,39161,39165,39177,39193,39208,39212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39122,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39124,3798],{"class":53},[47,39126,58],{"class":57},[47,39128,3803],{"class":86},[47,39130,1598],{"class":445},[47,39132,309],{"class":86},[47,39134,1769],{"class":445},[47,39136,309],{"class":86},[47,39138,2630],{"class":445},[47,39140,309],{"class":86},[47,39142,912],{"class":445},[47,39144,309],{"class":86},[47,39146,4787],{"class":445},[47,39148,309],{"class":86},[47,39150,446],{"class":445},[47,39152,3816],{"class":86},[47,39154,39155,39157,39159],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39156,39040],{"class":53},[47,39158,58],{"class":57},[47,39160,8015],{"class":86},[47,39162,39163],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,39164,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39166,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,39168,6137],{"class":752},[47,39170,6566],{"class":53},[47,39172,1613],{"class":752},[47,39174,4444],{"class":53},[47,39176,795],{"class":86},[47,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,39180,6577],{"class":752},[47,39182,6566],{"class":53},[47,39184,6582],{"class":57},[47,39186,1769],{"class":445},[47,39188,6587],{"class":57},[47,39190,4014],{"class":445},[47,39192,795],{"class":86},[47,39194,39195,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,39196,39197],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,39199,94],{"class":86},[47,39201,13732],{"class":90},[47,39203,87],{"class":86},[47,39205,2417],{"class":90},[47,39207,286],{"class":86},[47,39209,39210],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,39211,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39213,39214,39216,39218,39220],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,39215,83],{"class":82},[47,39217,87],{"class":86},[47,39219,39085],{"class":90},[47,39221,286],{"class":86},[20,39223,814],{},[38,39225,39226],{"className":40,"code":38766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39227,39228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39229,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39231,4080],{"class":86},[47,39233,2233],{"class":445},[47,39235,309],{"class":86},[47,39237,912],{"class":445},[47,39239,309],{"class":86},[47,39241,446],{"class":445},[47,39243,3816],{"class":86},[20,39245,39246],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,39248,39250],{"className":40,"code":39249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39251,39252,39284,39317,39321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39253,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39255,3798],{"class":53},[47,39257,58],{"class":57},[47,39259,3803],{"class":86},[47,39261,1598],{"class":445},[47,39263,309],{"class":86},[47,39265,1769],{"class":445},[47,39267,309],{"class":86},[47,39269,2630],{"class":445},[47,39271,309],{"class":86},[47,39273,912],{"class":445},[47,39275,309],{"class":86},[47,39277,4787],{"class":445},[47,39279,309],{"class":86},[47,39281,446],{"class":445},[47,39283,3816],{"class":86},[47,39285,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39287,39040],{"class":53},[47,39289,58],{"class":57},[47,39291,3803],{"class":86},[47,39293,2394],{"class":53},[47,39295,6137],{"class":752},[47,39297,6566],{"class":53},[47,39299,1613],{"class":752},[47,39301,39302],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39304,723],{"class":752},[47,39306,6566],{"class":53},[47,39308,6582],{"class":57},[47,39310,1769],{"class":445},[47,39312,6587],{"class":57},[47,39314,4014],{"class":445},[47,39316,3816],{"class":86},[47,39318,39319],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,39320,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39322,39323,39325,39327,39329],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,39324,83],{"class":82},[47,39326,87],{"class":86},[47,39328,39085],{"class":90},[47,39330,286],{"class":86},[20,39332,814],{},[38,39334,39335],{"className":40,"code":38766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39336,39337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39338,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39340,4080],{"class":86},[47,39342,2233],{"class":445},[47,39344,309],{"class":86},[47,39346,912],{"class":445},[47,39348,309],{"class":86},[47,39350,446],{"class":445},[47,39352,3816],{"class":86},[20,39354,39355,39356,94],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[455,39357,39359],{"href":39358},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[149,39361,1425],{"id":1424},[20,39363,14913,39364,94],{},[15,39365,37751],{},[469,39367,8628,39369,39371],{"id":39368},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39370,37751],{}," to return a list",[20,39373,39374],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,39376,39378],{"className":40,"code":39377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39379,39380,39422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39381,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39383,2407],{"class":53},[47,39385,58],{"class":57},[47,39387,37829],{"class":82},[47,39389,87],{"class":86},[47,39391,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39393,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39395,3062],{"class":86},[47,39397,4060],{"class":90},[47,39399,4433],{"class":57},[47,39401,1769],{"class":445},[47,39403,309],{"class":86},[47,39405,3803],{"class":86},[47,39407,1598],{"class":445},[47,39409,309],{"class":86},[47,39411,1769],{"class":445},[47,39413,309],{"class":86},[47,39415,2630],{"class":445},[47,39417,309],{"class":86},[47,39419,912],{"class":445},[47,39421,4068],{"class":86},[47,39423,39424,39426,39428,39430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39425,83],{"class":82},[47,39427,87],{"class":86},[47,39429,2442],{"class":90},[47,39431,286],{"class":86},[20,39433,39434],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39436,1482],{},[38,39438,39440],{"className":40,"code":39439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39441,39442,39484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39443,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39445,2407],{"class":53},[47,39447,58],{"class":57},[47,39449,37829],{"class":82},[47,39451,87],{"class":86},[47,39453,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39455,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39457,3062],{"class":86},[47,39459,4060],{"class":90},[47,39461,4433],{"class":57},[47,39463,1769],{"class":445},[47,39465,309],{"class":86},[47,39467,3803],{"class":86},[47,39469,1598],{"class":445},[47,39471,309],{"class":86},[47,39473,1769],{"class":445},[47,39475,309],{"class":86},[47,39477,2630],{"class":445},[47,39479,309],{"class":86},[47,39481,912],{"class":445},[47,39483,4068],{"class":86},[47,39485,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39487,83],{"class":82},[47,39489,87],{"class":86},[47,39491,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39493,87],{"class":86},[47,39495,2442],{"class":90},[47,39497,1879],{"class":86},[469,39499,39501,39502,32,39504,39506],{"id":39500},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39503,31],{},[15,39505,35],{}," clearly",[20,39508,39509],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39511,39512],{},"Good example:",[38,39514,39516],{"className":40,"code":39515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39517,39518,39531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39519,39520,39522,39525,39527,39529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39521,35026],{"class":2242},[47,39523,39524],{"class":35029}," is_positive",[47,39526,87],{"class":86},[47,39528,2417],{"class":37837},[47,39530,771],{"class":86},[47,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39534,35037],{"class":752},[47,39536,6566],{"class":53},[47,39538,4433],{"class":57},[47,39540,38688],{"class":445},[20,39542,39543],{},"Then use it with:",[38,39545,39547],{"className":40,"code":39546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39548,39549,39581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39550,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39552,3798],{"class":53},[47,39554,58],{"class":57},[47,39556,3803],{"class":86},[47,39558,2198],{"class":57},[47,39560,2233],{"class":445},[47,39562,309],{"class":86},[47,39564,2399],{"class":57},[47,39566,1598],{"class":445},[47,39568,309],{"class":86},[47,39570,4014],{"class":445},[47,39572,309],{"class":86},[47,39574,5677],{"class":445},[47,39576,309],{"class":86},[47,39578,1769],{"class":445},[47,39580,3816],{"class":86},[47,39582,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39598,39600,39602],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39584,83],{"class":82},[47,39586,87],{"class":86},[47,39588,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39590,87],{"class":86},[47,39592,37777],{"class":82},[47,39594,87],{"class":86},[47,39596,39597],{"class":90},"is_positive",[47,39599,309],{"class":86},[47,39601,4444],{"class":90},[47,39603,1958],{"class":86},[20,39605,814],{},[38,39607,39609],{"className":40,"code":39608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39610,39611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39612,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39614,4080],{"class":86},[47,39616,1598],{"class":445},[47,39618,309],{"class":86},[47,39620,1769],{"class":445},[47,39622,3816],{"class":86},[469,39624,39626],{"id":39625},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39628,39629],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,39631,39632],{"className":40,"code":38372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39633,39634,39676,39680,39694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39635,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39637,2407],{"class":53},[47,39639,58],{"class":57},[47,39641,37829],{"class":82},[47,39643,87],{"class":86},[47,39645,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39647,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39649,3062],{"class":86},[47,39651,4060],{"class":90},[47,39653,4433],{"class":57},[47,39655,1769],{"class":445},[47,39657,309],{"class":86},[47,39659,3803],{"class":86},[47,39661,1598],{"class":445},[47,39663,309],{"class":86},[47,39665,1769],{"class":445},[47,39667,309],{"class":86},[47,39669,2630],{"class":445},[47,39671,309],{"class":86},[47,39673,912],{"class":445},[47,39675,4068],{"class":86},[47,39677,39678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39679,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39681,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,39683,83],{"class":82},[47,39685,87],{"class":86},[47,39687,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39689,87],{"class":86},[47,39691,2442],{"class":90},[47,39693,1879],{"class":86},[47,39695,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,39697,83],{"class":82},[47,39699,87],{"class":86},[47,39701,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39703,87],{"class":86},[47,39705,2442],{"class":90},[47,39707,1879],{"class":86},[20,39709,814],{},[38,39711,39712],{"className":40,"code":38453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39713,39714,39726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39715,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39717,4080],{"class":86},[47,39719,2239],{"class":445},[47,39721,309],{"class":86},[47,39723,912],{"class":445},[47,39725,3816],{"class":86},[47,39727,39728],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39729,38472],{"class":86},[20,39731,39732],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,39734,39736],{"className":40,"code":39735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39737,39738,39784,39788,39798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39739,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39741,2407],{"class":53},[47,39743,58],{"class":57},[47,39745,22737],{"class":1570},[47,39747,87],{"class":86},[47,39749,37777],{"class":82},[47,39751,87],{"class":86},[47,39753,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39755,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39757,3062],{"class":86},[47,39759,4060],{"class":90},[47,39761,4433],{"class":57},[47,39763,1769],{"class":445},[47,39765,309],{"class":86},[47,39767,3803],{"class":86},[47,39769,1598],{"class":445},[47,39771,309],{"class":86},[47,39773,1769],{"class":445},[47,39775,309],{"class":86},[47,39777,2630],{"class":445},[47,39779,309],{"class":86},[47,39781,912],{"class":445},[47,39783,3176],{"class":86},[47,39785,39786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39787,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,39789,39790,39792,39794,39796],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,39791,83],{"class":82},[47,39793,87],{"class":86},[47,39795,2442],{"class":90},[47,39797,286],{"class":86},[47,39799,39800,39802,39804,39806],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,39801,83],{"class":82},[47,39803,87],{"class":86},[47,39805,2442],{"class":90},[47,39807,286],{"class":86},[469,39809,39811],{"id":39810},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39813,39814],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39816,1783],{},[38,39818,39820],{"className":40,"code":39819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39821,39822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39823,39824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39825,39819],{"class":113},[20,39827,39828,39829,6728],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39830,2509],{},[20,39832,1795],{},[38,39834,39836],{"className":40,"code":39835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39837,39838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39839,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39841,83],{"class":82},[47,39843,87],{"class":86},[47,39845,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39847,87],{"class":86},[47,39849,37777],{"class":82},[47,39851,87],{"class":86},[47,39853,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39855,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39857,3062],{"class":86},[47,39859,4060],{"class":90},[47,39861,4433],{"class":57},[47,39863,1769],{"class":445},[47,39865,309],{"class":86},[47,39867,3803],{"class":86},[47,39869,1598],{"class":445},[47,39871,309],{"class":86},[47,39873,1769],{"class":445},[47,39875,309],{"class":86},[47,39877,2630],{"class":445},[47,39879,309],{"class":86},[47,39881,912],{"class":445},[47,39883,37440],{"class":86},[469,39885,1608,39887,834,39889],{"id":39886},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39888,37751],{},[15,39890,39891],{},"map()",[162,39893,39894,39899],{},[165,39895,39896,39898],{},[15,39897,37751],{}," keeps or removes items",[165,39900,39901,39903],{},[15,39902,39891],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39905,39906,39907,3062],{},"Example of ",[15,39908,37751],{},[38,39910,39912],{"className":40,"code":39911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39913,39914,39938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39915,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39917,3798],{"class":53},[47,39919,58],{"class":57},[47,39921,3803],{"class":86},[47,39923,1598],{"class":445},[47,39925,309],{"class":86},[47,39927,1769],{"class":445},[47,39929,309],{"class":86},[47,39931,2630],{"class":445},[47,39933,309],{"class":86},[47,39935,912],{"class":445},[47,39937,3816],{"class":86},[47,39939,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39941,83],{"class":82},[47,39943,87],{"class":86},[47,39945,8269],{"class":1570},[47,39947,87],{"class":86},[47,39949,37777],{"class":82},[47,39951,87],{"class":86},[47,39953,37834],{"class":2242},[47,39955,37838],{"class":37837},[47,39957,3062],{"class":86},[47,39959,4060],{"class":90},[47,39961,4433],{"class":57},[47,39963,1769],{"class":445},[47,39965,309],{"class":86},[47,39967,4444],{"class":90},[47,39969,1958],{"class":86},[20,39971,814],{},[38,39973,39975],{"className":40,"code":39974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39976,39977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39980,4080],{"class":86},[47,39982,2239],{"class":445},[47,39984,309],{"class":86},[47,39986,912],{"class":445},[47,39988,3816],{"class":86},[20,39990,39906,39991,3062],{},[15,39992,39891],{},[38,39994,39996],{"className":40,"code":39995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39997,39998,40022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39999,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40001,3798],{"class":53},[47,40003,58],{"class":57},[47,40005,3803],{"class":86},[47,40007,1598],{"class":445},[47,40009,309],{"class":86},[47,40011,1769],{"class":445},[47,40013,309],{"class":86},[47,40015,2630],{"class":445},[47,40017,309],{"class":86},[47,40019,912],{"class":445},[47,40021,3816],{"class":86},[47,40023,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40048,40050,40052,40054],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40025,83],{"class":82},[47,40027,87],{"class":86},[47,40029,8269],{"class":1570},[47,40031,87],{"class":86},[47,40033,40034],{"class":82},"map",[47,40036,87],{"class":86},[47,40038,37834],{"class":2242},[47,40040,37838],{"class":37837},[47,40042,3062],{"class":86},[47,40044,4060],{"class":90},[47,40046,40047],{"class":57},"*",[47,40049,1769],{"class":445},[47,40051,309],{"class":86},[47,40053,4444],{"class":90},[47,40055,1958],{"class":86},[20,40057,814],{},[38,40059,40061],{"className":40,"code":40060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40062,40063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40064,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40066,4080],{"class":86},[47,40068,2233],{"class":445},[47,40070,309],{"class":86},[47,40072,912],{"class":445},[47,40074,309],{"class":86},[47,40076,446],{"class":445},[47,40078,309],{"class":86},[47,40080,943],{"class":445},[47,40082,3816],{"class":86},[20,40084,40085,40086,94],{},"For the related function, see ",[455,40087,3755,40089,3688],{"href":40088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40090,39891],{},[149,40092,1962],{"id":1961},[469,40094,1966,40096,40098],{"id":40095},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40097,37751],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40100,40101,40102,40104],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40103,24958],{}," if needed.",[469,40106,40108,40109,40111],{"id":40107},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40110,37751],{}," need to return?",[20,40113,38057,40114,40116,40117,40119],{},[15,40115,31],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40118,35],{}," to remove it.",[469,40121,2049,40123,40125],{"id":40122},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40124,37751],{}," without lambda?",[20,40127,40128],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[469,40130,5323,40132,40135],{"id":40131},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40133,40134],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40137,40138,40139,40141,40142,17251,40144,94],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40140,1721],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40143,3958],{},[15,40145,35],{},[469,40147,21597,40149,40151],{"id":40148},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40150,37751],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40153,40154,40155,40157],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40156,6137],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40159,40160],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[162,40162,40163,40169,40175],{},[165,40164,40165,40166,40168],{},"use ",[15,40167,37751],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[165,40170,40171,40172,40174],{},"use a ",[15,40173,6137],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[165,40176,40177],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40179,40180,40181,94],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[455,40182,5313],{"href":40183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[149,40185,2062],{"id":2061},[162,40187,40188,40193,40197,40202,40208],{},[165,40189,40190],{},[455,40191,40192],{"href":38629},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[165,40194,40195],{},[455,40196,5400],{"href":40183},[165,40198,40199],{},[455,40200,40201],{"href":39358},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[165,40203,40204],{},[455,40205,3755,40206,3688],{"href":40088},[15,40207,39891],{},[165,40209,40210],{},[455,40211,5395],{"href":5765},[2093,40213,40214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":40216},[40217,40218,40220,40224,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40245,40257],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":37884,"depth":72,"text":40219},"What filter() does",{"id":38018,"depth":72,"text":38019,"children":40221},[40222,40223],{"id":38035,"depth":79,"text":38035},{"id":3899,"depth":79,"text":3899},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195,"children":40225},[40226],{"id":38365,"depth":79,"text":38366},{"id":38478,"depth":72,"text":40228},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38633,"depth":72,"text":40230},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38795,"depth":72,"text":40232},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38975,"depth":72,"text":40234},"When to use filter()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":40236},[40237,40239,40241,40242,40243],{"id":39368,"depth":79,"text":40238},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39500,"depth":79,"text":40240},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39625,"depth":79,"text":39626},{"id":39810,"depth":79,"text":39811},{"id":39886,"depth":79,"text":40244},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":40246},[40247,40249,40251,40253,40255],{"id":40095,"depth":79,"text":40248},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40107,"depth":79,"text":40250},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40122,"depth":79,"text":40252},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40131,"depth":79,"text":40254},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40148,"depth":79,"text":40256},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37743,"description":40258},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40265,"title":40266,"body":40267,"description":42419,"extension":2138,"meta":42420,"navigation":75,"path":42421,"seo":42422,"stem":42423,"__hash__":42424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40268,"toc":42373},[40269,40272,40277,40283,40285,40337,40339,40358,40363,40367,40372,40375,40390,40393,40415,40417,40466,40468,40492,40494,40496,40511,40516,40524,40539,40541,40550,40553,40588,40592,40597,40601,40608,40643,40645,40661,40665,40668,40709,40711,40725,40729,40732,40756,40758,40767,40771,40774,40807,40809,40822,40826,40832,40851,40853,40861,40865,40870,40874,40880,40903,40905,40934,40937,40956,40960,40963,40990,40992,41025,41029,41032,41056,41060,41071,41073,41078,41084,41086,41170,41172,41214,41217,41221,41228,41237,41293,41300,41309,41314,41318,41389,41391,41400,41404,41407,41451,41453,41462,41466,41472,41522,41526,41531,41535,41559,41561,41570,41574,41598,41600,41611,41615,41639,41641,41650,41653,41670,41676,41680,41686,41689,41694,41697,41718,41720,41752,41755,41760,41762,41773,41775,41819,41823,41830,41882,41884,41893,41897,41900,41993,41996,42020,42024,42027,42119,42124,42128,42135,42140,42164,42166,42175,42180,42203,42205,42213,42220,42243,42251,42253,42266,42276,42278,42282,42289,42293,42302,42306,42313,42317,42321,42325,42338,42340,42370],[10,40270,40266],{"id":40271},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40273,9297,40274,40276],{},[15,40275,3061],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40278,40279,40280,40282],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40281,3061],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[149,40284,2179],{"id":2178},[38,40286,40288],{"className":40,"code":40287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40289,40290,40304,40323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40291,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40293,83],{"class":82},[47,40295,87],{"class":86},[47,40297,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40299,87],{"class":86},[47,40301,2313],{"class":445},[47,40303,1879],{"class":86},[47,40305,40306,40308,40310,40312,40314,40316,40319,40321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40307,83],{"class":82},[47,40309,87],{"class":86},[47,40311,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40313,87],{"class":86},[47,40315,102],{"class":61},[47,40317,40318],{"class":65},"3.14",[47,40320,102],{"class":61},[47,40322,1879],{"class":86},[47,40324,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,40326,83],{"class":82},[47,40328,87],{"class":86},[47,40330,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40332,87],{"class":86},[47,40334,31],{"class":4032},[47,40336,1879],{"class":86},[20,40338,814],{},[38,40340,40342],{"className":40,"code":40341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40343,40344,40348,40353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40345,40346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40347,2657],{"class":445},[47,40349,40350],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40351,40352],{"class":445},"3.14\n",[47,40354,40355],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,40356,40357],{"class":445},"1.0\n",[20,40359,144,40360,40362],{},[15,40361,3061],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[149,40364,40366],{"id":40365},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40368,40369,40371],{},[15,40370,3061],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40373,40374],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[162,40376,40377,40381,40385],{},[165,40378,40379],{},[15,40380,2669],{},[165,40382,40383],{},[15,40384,40318],{},[165,40386,40387],{},[15,40388,40389],{},"0.5",[20,40391,40392],{},"A few key points:",[162,40394,40395,40402,40405,40408],{},[165,40396,40397,40399,40400],{},[15,40398,3061],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40401,2369],{},[165,40403,40404],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[165,40406,40407],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[165,40409,40410,40411],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[455,40412,40413],{"href":8395},[15,40414,3135],{},[20,40416,183],{},[38,40418,40420],{"className":40,"code":40419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40421,40422,40442,40452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40423,40424,40426,40428,40431,40433,40435,40438,40440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40425,2394],{"class":53},[47,40427,58],{"class":57},[47,40429,40430],{"class":1570}," float",[47,40432,87],{"class":86},[47,40434,102],{"class":61},[47,40436,40437],{"class":65},"2.75",[47,40439,102],{"class":61},[47,40441,286],{"class":86},[47,40443,40444,40446,40448,40450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40445,83],{"class":82},[47,40447,87],{"class":86},[47,40449,2417],{"class":90},[47,40451,286],{"class":86},[47,40453,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,40455,83],{"class":82},[47,40457,87],{"class":86},[47,40459,1872],{"class":1570},[47,40461,87],{"class":86},[47,40463,2417],{"class":90},[47,40465,1879],{"class":86},[20,40467,814],{},[38,40469,40471],{"className":40,"code":40470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40472,40473,40478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40474,40475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40476,40477],{"class":445},"2.75\n",[47,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40481,3468],{"class":57},[47,40483,3471],{"class":2242},[47,40485,3474],{"class":61},[47,40487,2369],{"class":65},[47,40489,3479],{"class":61},[47,40491,3482],{"class":57},[149,40493,261],{"id":260},[20,40495,7394],{},[38,40497,40499],{"className":40,"code":40498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,40500,40501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40502,40503,40505,40507,40509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40504,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40506,87],{"class":86},[47,40508,1587],{"class":90},[47,40510,286],{"class":86},[20,40512,40513,40514,94],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40515,3061],{},[20,40517,40518,40519,40521,40522,3062],{},"If you call ",[15,40520,3061],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40523,3948],{},[38,40525,40527],{"className":40,"code":40526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,40528,40529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40530,40531,40533,40535,40537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40532,83],{"class":82},[47,40534,87],{"class":86},[47,40536,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40538,7370],{"class":86},[20,40540,814],{},[38,40542,40544],{"className":40,"code":40543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,40545,40546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40547,40548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40549,40543],{"class":445},[20,40551,40552],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,40554,40556],{"className":40,"code":40555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40557,40558,40578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40559,40560,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571,40574,40576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40561,40562],{"class":53},"price ",[47,40564,58],{"class":57},[47,40566,40430],{"class":1570},[47,40568,87],{"class":86},[47,40570,102],{"class":61},[47,40572,40573],{"class":65},"19.99",[47,40575,102],{"class":61},[47,40577,286],{"class":86},[47,40579,40580,40582,40584,40586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40581,83],{"class":82},[47,40583,87],{"class":86},[47,40585,25327],{"class":90},[47,40587,286],{"class":86},[149,40589,40591],{"id":40590},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40593,40594,40596],{},[15,40595,3061],{}," can convert several common value types.",[469,40598,40600],{"id":40599},"integers","Integers",[20,40602,40603,40604,40607],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40605,40606],{},".0"," added:",[38,40609,40611],{"className":40,"code":40610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40612,40613,40627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40614,40615,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40616,83],{"class":82},[47,40618,87],{"class":86},[47,40620,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40622,87],{"class":86},[47,40624,2313],{"class":445},[47,40626,1879],{"class":86},[47,40628,40629,40631,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40630,83],{"class":82},[47,40632,87],{"class":86},[47,40634,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40636,87],{"class":86},[47,40638,2198],{"class":57},[47,40640,2233],{"class":445},[47,40642,1879],{"class":86},[20,40644,814],{},[38,40646,40648],{"className":40,"code":40647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40649,40650,40654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40651,40652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40653,2657],{"class":445},[47,40655,40656,40658],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40657,2198],{"class":57},[47,40659,40660],{"class":445},"2.0\n",[469,40662,40664],{"id":40663},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40666,40667],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,40669,40671],{"className":40,"code":40670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40672,40673,40691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40674,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40676,83],{"class":82},[47,40678,87],{"class":86},[47,40680,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40682,87],{"class":86},[47,40684,102],{"class":61},[47,40686,40318],{"class":65},[47,40688,102],{"class":61},[47,40690,1879],{"class":86},[47,40692,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40694,83],{"class":82},[47,40696,87],{"class":86},[47,40698,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40700,87],{"class":86},[47,40702,102],{"class":61},[47,40704,2509],{"class":65},[47,40706,102],{"class":61},[47,40708,1879],{"class":86},[20,40710,814],{},[38,40712,40714],{"className":40,"code":40713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40715,40716,40720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40717,40718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40719,40352],{"class":445},[47,40721,40722],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40723,40724],{"class":445},"10.0\n",[469,40726,40728],{"id":40727},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40730,40731],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,40733,40735],{"className":40,"code":40734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40736,40737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40738,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747,40749,40752,40754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40740,83],{"class":82},[47,40742,87],{"class":86},[47,40744,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40746,87],{"class":86},[47,40748,102],{"class":61},[47,40750,40751],{"class":65},"  8.5  ",[47,40753,102],{"class":61},[47,40755,1879],{"class":86},[20,40757,814],{},[38,40759,40761],{"className":40,"code":40760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,40762,40763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40764,40765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40766,40760],{"class":445},[469,40768,40770],{"id":40769},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40772,40773],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,40775,40777],{"className":40,"code":40776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40778,40779,40793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40780,40781,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40782,83],{"class":82},[47,40784,87],{"class":86},[47,40786,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40788,87],{"class":86},[47,40790,31],{"class":4032},[47,40792,1879],{"class":86},[47,40794,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40796,83],{"class":82},[47,40798,87],{"class":86},[47,40800,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40802,87],{"class":86},[47,40804,35],{"class":4032},[47,40806,1879],{"class":86},[20,40808,814],{},[38,40810,40812],{"className":40,"code":40811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40813,40814,40818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40815,40816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40817,40357],{"class":445},[47,40819,40820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40821,40543],{"class":445},[469,40823,40825],{"id":40824},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40827,40828,40829,40831],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40830,3061],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,40833,40835],{"className":40,"code":40834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40836,40837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40838,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40840,83],{"class":82},[47,40842,87],{"class":86},[47,40844,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40846,87],{"class":86},[47,40848,2541],{"class":445},[47,40850,1879],{"class":86},[20,40852,814],{},[38,40854,40855],{"className":40,"code":2565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,40856,40857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40858,40859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40860,2565],{"class":445},[149,40862,40864],{"id":40863},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40866,40867,40868,94],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40869,3061],{},[469,40871,40873],{"id":40872},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40875,40876,40877,3062],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40878,40879],{},"ValueError",[38,40881,40883],{"className":40,"code":40882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40884,40885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40886,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895,40897,40899,40901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40888,83],{"class":82},[47,40890,87],{"class":86},[47,40892,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40894,87],{"class":86},[47,40896,102],{"class":61},[47,40898,386],{"class":65},[47,40900,102],{"class":61},[47,40902,1879],{"class":86},[20,40904,29857],{},[38,40906,40908],{"className":40,"code":40907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40909,40910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40911,40912,40914,40916,40919,40921,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40913,40879],{"class":1570},[47,40915,3062],{"class":86},[47,40917,40918],{"class":53}," could ",[47,40920,4813],{"class":57},[47,40922,40923],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,40925,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40927,3062],{"class":86},[47,40929,3474],{"class":61},[47,40931,386],{"class":65},[47,40933,29876],{"class":61},[20,40935,40936],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,40938,40940],{"className":40,"code":40939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40941,40942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40943,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40945,83],{"class":82},[47,40947,87],{"class":86},[47,40949,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40951,87],{"class":86},[47,40953,6452],{"class":61},[47,40955,1879],{"class":86},[469,40957,40959],{"id":40958},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40961,40962],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,40964,40966],{"className":40,"code":40965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40967,40968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40969,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40971,83],{"class":82},[47,40973,87],{"class":86},[47,40975,2369],{"class":1570},[47,40977,3163],{"class":86},[47,40979,1598],{"class":445},[47,40981,309],{"class":86},[47,40983,1769],{"class":445},[47,40985,309],{"class":86},[47,40987,2630],{"class":445},[47,40989,3176],{"class":86},[20,40991,29857],{},[38,40993,40995],{"className":40,"code":40994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40996,40997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40998,40999,41001,41003,41005,41007,41010,41012,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41000,3182],{"class":1570},[47,41002,3062],{"class":86},[47,41004,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41006,7541],{"class":86},[47,41008,41009],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,41011,1005],{"class":57},[47,41013,41014],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,41016,309],{"class":86},[47,41018,8275],{"class":57},[47,41020,3474],{"class":61},[47,41022,8269],{"class":65},[47,41024,29876],{"class":61},[469,41026,41028],{"id":41027},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41030,41031],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,41033,41035],{"className":40,"code":41034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41036,41037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41038,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049,41052,41054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41040,83],{"class":82},[47,41042,87],{"class":86},[47,41044,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41046,87],{"class":86},[47,41048,102],{"class":61},[47,41050,41051],{"class":65},"3,14",[47,41053,102],{"class":61},[47,41055,1879],{"class":86},[20,41057,3179,41058,94],{},[15,41059,40879],{},[20,41061,41062,41063,837,41067,94],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[455,41064,41066],{"href":41065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[455,41068,41070],{"href":41069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[149,41072,700],{"id":699},[20,41074,41075,41077],{},[15,41076,3061],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41079,41080,41081,41083],{},"It does ",[3922,41082,4813],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41085,183],{},[38,41087,41089],{"className":40,"code":41088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41090,41091,41104,41118,41122,41132,41142,41156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41092,41093,41095,41097,41099,41102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41094,54],{"class":53},[47,41096,58],{"class":57},[47,41098,62],{"class":61},[47,41100,41101],{"class":65},"6.5",[47,41103,69],{"class":61},[47,41105,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114,41116],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41107,2394],{"class":53},[47,41109,58],{"class":57},[47,41111,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41113,87],{"class":86},[47,41115,91],{"class":90},[47,41117,286],{"class":86},[47,41119,41120],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41121,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41123,41124,41126,41128,41130],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41125,83],{"class":82},[47,41127,87],{"class":86},[47,41129,91],{"class":90},[47,41131,286],{"class":86},[47,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,41135,83],{"class":82},[47,41137,87],{"class":86},[47,41139,2417],{"class":90},[47,41141,286],{"class":86},[47,41143,41144,41146,41148,41150,41152,41154],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,41145,83],{"class":82},[47,41147,87],{"class":86},[47,41149,1872],{"class":1570},[47,41151,87],{"class":86},[47,41153,91],{"class":90},[47,41155,1879],{"class":86},[47,41157,41158,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,41159,83],{"class":82},[47,41161,87],{"class":86},[47,41163,1872],{"class":1570},[47,41165,87],{"class":86},[47,41167,2417],{"class":90},[47,41169,1879],{"class":86},[20,41171,814],{},[38,41173,41175],{"className":40,"code":41174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41176,41177,41182,41186,41200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41178,41179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41180,41181],{"class":445},"6.5\n",[47,41183,41184],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41185,41181],{"class":445},[47,41187,41188,41190,41192,41194,41196,41198],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41189,3468],{"class":57},[47,41191,3471],{"class":2242},[47,41193,3474],{"class":61},[47,41195,3622],{"class":65},[47,41197,3479],{"class":61},[47,41199,3482],{"class":57},[47,41201,41202,41204,41206,41208,41210,41212],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41203,3468],{"class":57},[47,41205,3471],{"class":2242},[47,41207,3474],{"class":61},[47,41209,2369],{"class":65},[47,41211,3479],{"class":61},[47,41213,3482],{"class":57},[20,41215,41216],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[149,41218,41220],{"id":41219},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[469,41222,41224,41225,41227],{"id":41223},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41226,3135],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41229,842,41230,41234,41235,94],{},[455,41231,41232,2481],{"href":8395},[15,41233,3135],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41236,3061],{},[38,41238,41240],{"className":40,"code":41239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41241,41242,41261,41275,41279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41243,41244,41246,41248,41250,41252,41254,41257,41259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41245,8413],{"class":53},[47,41247,58],{"class":57},[47,41249,8418],{"class":82},[47,41251,87],{"class":86},[47,41253,102],{"class":61},[47,41255,41256],{"class":65},"Enter a price: ",[47,41258,102],{"class":61},[47,41260,286],{"class":86},[47,41262,41263,41265,41267,41269,41271,41273],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41264,40562],{"class":53},[47,41266,58],{"class":57},[47,41268,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41270,87],{"class":86},[47,41272,8442],{"class":90},[47,41274,286],{"class":86},[47,41276,41277],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41278,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41280,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289,41291],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41282,83],{"class":82},[47,41284,87],{"class":86},[47,41286,40562],{"class":90},[47,41288,40047],{"class":57},[47,41290,1769],{"class":445},[47,41292,286],{"class":86},[20,41294,41295,41296,41299],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41297,41298],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,41301,41303],{"className":40,"code":41302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,41304,41305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41306,41307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41308,41302],{"class":445},[20,41310,41311,41312,94],{},"For more help with this, see ",[455,41313,9155],{"href":9154},[469,41315,41317],{"id":41316},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,41319,41321],{"className":40,"code":41320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41322,41323,41336,41349,41353,41378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41324,41325,41327,41329,41331,41334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41326,2732],{"class":53},[47,41328,58],{"class":57},[47,41330,62],{"class":61},[47,41332,41333],{"class":65},"2.5",[47,41335,69],{"class":61},[47,41337,41338,41340,41342,41344,41347],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41339,2760],{"class":53},[47,41341,58],{"class":57},[47,41343,62],{"class":61},[47,41345,41346],{"class":65},"1.5",[47,41348,69],{"class":61},[47,41350,41351],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41352,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41354,41355,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41356,41357],{"class":53},"total ",[47,41359,58],{"class":57},[47,41361,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41363,87],{"class":86},[47,41365,455],{"class":90},[47,41367,1696],{"class":86},[47,41369,2633],{"class":57},[47,41371,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41373,87],{"class":86},[47,41375,2014],{"class":90},[47,41377,286],{"class":86},[47,41379,41380,41382,41384,41387],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,41381,83],{"class":82},[47,41383,87],{"class":86},[47,41385,41386],{"class":90},"total",[47,41388,286],{"class":86},[20,41390,814],{},[38,41392,41394],{"className":40,"code":41393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,41395,41396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41397,41398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41399,41393],{"class":445},[469,41401,41403],{"id":41402},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41405,41406],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,41408,41410],{"className":40,"code":41409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41411,41412,41422,41437,41441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41413,41414,41417,41419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41415,41416],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41418,58],{"class":57},[47,41420,41421],{"class":445}," 7\n",[47,41423,41424,41426,41428,41430,41432,41435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41425,2407],{"class":53},[47,41427,58],{"class":57},[47,41429,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41431,87],{"class":86},[47,41433,41434],{"class":90},"count",[47,41436,286],{"class":86},[47,41438,41439],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41440,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41442,41443,41445,41447,41449],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41444,83],{"class":82},[47,41446,87],{"class":86},[47,41448,2442],{"class":90},[47,41450,286],{"class":86},[20,41452,814],{},[38,41454,41456],{"className":40,"code":41455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,41457,41458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41459,41460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41461,41455],{"class":445},[469,41463,41465],{"id":41464},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41467,41468,41469,41471],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41470,3061],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,41473,41475],{"className":40,"code":41474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41476,41477,41491,41507,41511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41478,41479,41482,41484,41486,41489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41480,41481],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41483,58],{"class":57},[47,41485,62],{"class":61},[47,41487,41488],{"class":65},"21.8",[47,41490,69],{"class":61},[47,41492,41493,41496,41498,41500,41502,41505],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41494,41495],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41497,58],{"class":57},[47,41499,40430],{"class":1570},[47,41501,87],{"class":86},[47,41503,41504],{"class":90},"temperature_text",[47,41506,286],{"class":86},[47,41508,41509],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41510,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41512,41513,41515,41517,41520],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41514,83],{"class":82},[47,41516,87],{"class":86},[47,41518,41519],{"class":90},"temperature",[47,41521,286],{"class":86},[149,41523,41525],{"id":41524},"special-values","Special values",[20,41527,41528,41530],{},[15,41529,3061],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[469,41532,41534],{"id":41533},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,41536,41538],{"className":40,"code":41537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41539,41540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41541,41542,41544,41546,41548,41550,41552,41555,41557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41543,83],{"class":82},[47,41545,87],{"class":86},[47,41547,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41549,87],{"class":86},[47,41551,102],{"class":61},[47,41553,41554],{"class":65},"inf",[47,41556,102],{"class":61},[47,41558,1879],{"class":86},[20,41560,814],{},[38,41562,41564],{"className":40,"code":41563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,41565,41566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41567,41568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41569,41563],{"class":53},[469,41571,41573],{"id":41572},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,41575,41577],{"className":40,"code":41576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41578,41579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41580,41581,41583,41585,41587,41589,41591,41594,41596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41582,83],{"class":82},[47,41584,87],{"class":86},[47,41586,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41588,87],{"class":86},[47,41590,102],{"class":61},[47,41592,41593],{"class":65},"-inf",[47,41595,102],{"class":61},[47,41597,1879],{"class":86},[20,41599,814],{},[38,41601,41603],{"className":40,"code":41602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,41604,41605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41606,41607,41609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41608,2198],{"class":57},[47,41610,41563],{"class":53},[469,41612,41614],{"id":41613},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,41616,41618],{"className":40,"code":41617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41619,41620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41621,41622,41624,41626,41628,41630,41632,41635,41637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41623,83],{"class":82},[47,41625,87],{"class":86},[47,41627,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41629,87],{"class":86},[47,41631,102],{"class":61},[47,41633,41634],{"class":65},"nan",[47,41636,102],{"class":61},[47,41638,1879],{"class":86},[20,41640,814],{},[38,41642,41644],{"className":40,"code":41643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,41645,41646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41647,41648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41649,41643],{"class":53},[20,41651,41652],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[162,41654,41655,41660,41665],{},[165,41656,41657,41659],{},[15,41658,41554],{}," means positive infinity",[165,41661,41662,41664],{},[15,41663,41593],{}," means negative infinity",[165,41666,41667,41669],{},[15,41668,41634],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41671,41672,41673,41675],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41674,3061],{}," accepts them.",[149,41677,41679],{"id":41678},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41681,41682,41683,41685],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41684,3061],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[469,41687,40879],{"id":41688},"valueerror",[20,41690,15368,41691,41693],{},[15,41692,40879],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41695,41696],{},"Common causes:",[162,41698,41699,41705,41708,41711],{},[165,41700,41701,41702],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41703,41704],{},"\"abc\"",[165,41706,41707],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[165,41709,41710],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[165,41712,1710,41713],{},[455,41714,41715,41717],{"href":8395},[15,41716,3135],{}," returns a string",[20,41719,183],{},[38,41721,41723],{"className":40,"code":41722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41724,41725,41738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41726,41727,41729,41731,41733,41736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41728,1535],{"class":53},[47,41730,58],{"class":57},[47,41732,62],{"class":61},[47,41734,41735],{"class":65},"abc",[47,41737,69],{"class":61},[47,41739,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41741,83],{"class":82},[47,41743,87],{"class":86},[47,41745,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41747,87],{"class":86},[47,41749,1587],{"class":90},[47,41751,1879],{"class":86},[469,41753,3182],{"id":41754},"typeerror",[20,41756,15368,41757,41759],{},[15,41758,3182],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41761,41696],{},[162,41763,41764,41767,41770],{},[165,41765,41766],{},"Passing a list",[165,41768,41769],{},"Passing a dictionary",[165,41771,41772],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41774,183],{},[38,41776,41778],{"className":40,"code":41777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41779,41780,41805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41781,41782,41784,41786,41788,41790,41792,41794,41796,41798,41801,41803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41783,1535],{"class":53},[47,41785,58],{"class":57},[47,41787,10665],{"class":86},[47,41789,102],{"class":61},[47,41791,25327],{"class":65},[47,41793,102],{"class":61},[47,41795,3062],{"class":86},[47,41797,62],{"class":61},[47,41799,41800],{"class":65},"9.99",[47,41802,102],{"class":61},[47,41804,9483],{"class":86},[47,41806,41807,41809,41811,41813,41815,41817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41808,83],{"class":82},[47,41810,87],{"class":86},[47,41812,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41814,87],{"class":86},[47,41816,1587],{"class":90},[47,41818,1879],{"class":86},[469,41820,41822],{"id":41821},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41824,41825,41826,41829],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41827,41828],{},"strip()"," can help:",[38,41831,41833],{"className":40,"code":41832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41834,41835,41848,41863,41867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41838,1535],{"class":53},[47,41840,58],{"class":57},[47,41842,62],{"class":61},[47,41844,41845],{"class":65},"  7.25  ",[47,41847,69],{"class":61},[47,41849,41850,41853,41855,41857,41859,41861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41851,41852],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41854,58],{"class":57},[47,41856,8608],{"class":53},[47,41858,94],{"class":86},[47,41860,8810],{"class":90},[47,41862,8817],{"class":86},[47,41864,41865],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41866,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41868,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877,41880],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41870,83],{"class":82},[47,41872,87],{"class":86},[47,41874,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41876,87],{"class":86},[47,41878,41879],{"class":90},"clean_value",[47,41881,1879],{"class":86},[20,41883,814],{},[38,41885,41887],{"className":40,"code":41886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,41888,41889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41890,41891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41892,41886],{"class":445},[469,41894,41896],{"id":41895},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41898,41899],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,41901,41903],{"className":40,"code":41902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41904,41905,41918,41922,41932,41946,41961,41965,41979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41906,41907,41909,41911,41913,41916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41908,1535],{"class":53},[47,41910,58],{"class":57},[47,41912,62],{"class":61},[47,41914,41915],{"class":65}," 3.5 ",[47,41917,69],{"class":61},[47,41919,41920],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41921,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,41925,83],{"class":82},[47,41927,87],{"class":86},[47,41929,1587],{"class":90},[47,41931,286],{"class":86},[47,41933,41934,41936,41938,41940,41942,41944],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,41935,83],{"class":82},[47,41937,87],{"class":86},[47,41939,1872],{"class":1570},[47,41941,87],{"class":86},[47,41943,1587],{"class":90},[47,41945,1879],{"class":86},[47,41947,41948,41950,41952,41955,41957,41959],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,41949,83],{"class":82},[47,41951,87],{"class":86},[47,41953,41954],{"class":82},"repr",[47,41956,87],{"class":86},[47,41958,1587],{"class":90},[47,41960,1879],{"class":86},[47,41962,41963],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,41964,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,41966,41967,41969,41971,41973,41975,41977],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,41968,41852],{"class":53},[47,41970,58],{"class":57},[47,41972,8608],{"class":53},[47,41974,94],{"class":86},[47,41976,8810],{"class":90},[47,41978,8817],{"class":86},[47,41980,41981,41983,41985,41987,41989,41991],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,41982,83],{"class":82},[47,41984,87],{"class":86},[47,41986,2369],{"class":1570},[47,41988,87],{"class":86},[47,41990,41879],{"class":90},[47,41992,1879],{"class":86},[20,41994,41995],{},"Why this helps:",[162,41997,41998,42004,42009,42015],{},[165,41999,42000,42003],{},[15,42001,42002],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[165,42005,42006,21544],{},[15,42007,42008],{},"print(type(value))",[165,42010,42011,42014],{},[15,42012,42013],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[165,42016,42017,42019],{},[15,42018,41828],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[469,42021,42023],{"id":42022},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42025,42026],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,42028,42030],{"className":40,"code":42029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42031,42032,42051,42055,42061,42076,42095,42104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42033,42034,42036,42038,42040,42042,42044,42047,42049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42035,1535],{"class":53},[47,42037,58],{"class":57},[47,42039,8418],{"class":82},[47,42041,87],{"class":86},[47,42043,102],{"class":61},[47,42045,42046],{"class":65},"Enter a number: ",[47,42048,102],{"class":61},[47,42050,286],{"class":86},[47,42052,42053],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42054,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,42056,42057,42059],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,42058,29980],{"class":752},[47,42060,795],{"class":86},[47,42062,42063,42066,42068,42070,42072,42074],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,42064,42065],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,42067,58],{"class":57},[47,42069,40430],{"class":1570},[47,42071,87],{"class":86},[47,42073,1587],{"class":90},[47,42075,286],{"class":86},[47,42077,42078,42080,42082,42084,42087,42089,42091,42093],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,42079,776],{"class":82},[47,42081,87],{"class":86},[47,42083,102],{"class":61},[47,42085,42086],{"class":65},"Converted:",[47,42088,102],{"class":61},[47,42090,309],{"class":86},[47,42092,2374],{"class":90},[47,42094,286],{"class":86},[47,42096,42097,42099,42102],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,42098,30011],{"class":752},[47,42100,42101],{"class":1570}," ValueError",[47,42103,795],{"class":86},[47,42105,42106,42108,42110,42112,42115,42117],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,42107,776],{"class":82},[47,42109,87],{"class":86},[47,42111,102],{"class":61},[47,42113,42114],{"class":65},"That is not a valid number.",[47,42116,102],{"class":61},[47,42118,286],{"class":86},[20,42120,42121,42122,94],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[455,42123,41070],{"href":41069},[149,42125,42127],{"id":42126},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42129,10765,42130,837,42132,42134],{},[15,42131,3061],{},[15,42133,3055],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42136,42137,42139],{},[15,42138,3061],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,42141,42143],{"className":40,"code":42142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42144,42145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42146,42147,42149,42151,42153,42155,42157,42160,42162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42148,83],{"class":82},[47,42150,87],{"class":86},[47,42152,2369],{"class":1570},[47,42154,87],{"class":86},[47,42156,102],{"class":61},[47,42158,42159],{"class":65},"3.9",[47,42161,102],{"class":61},[47,42163,1879],{"class":86},[20,42165,814],{},[38,42167,42169],{"className":40,"code":42168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,42170,42171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42172,42173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42174,42168],{"class":445},[20,42176,42177,42179],{},[15,42178,3055],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,42181,42183],{"className":40,"code":42182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42184,42185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42186,42187,42189,42191,42193,42195,42197,42199,42201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42188,83],{"class":82},[47,42190,87],{"class":86},[47,42192,2365],{"class":1570},[47,42194,87],{"class":86},[47,42196,102],{"class":61},[47,42198,2509],{"class":65},[47,42200,102],{"class":61},[47,42202,1879],{"class":86},[20,42204,814],{},[38,42206,42207],{"className":40,"code":2555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42208,42209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42210,42211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42212,2555],{"class":445},[20,42214,42215,42216,42219],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42217,42218],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,42221,42223],{"className":40,"code":42222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42224,42225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42226,42227,42229,42231,42233,42235,42237,42239,42241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42228,83],{"class":82},[47,42230,87],{"class":86},[47,42232,2365],{"class":1570},[47,42234,87],{"class":86},[47,42236,102],{"class":61},[47,42238,42159],{"class":65},[47,42240,102],{"class":61},[47,42242,1879],{"class":86},[20,42244,3179,42245,8777,42247,42250],{},[15,42246,40879],{},[15,42248,42249],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42252,10888],{},[162,42254,42255,42261],{},[165,42256,42257,42260],{},[15,42258,42259],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[165,42262,42263,42265],{},[15,42264,42218],{}," fails",[20,42267,42268,42269,42272,42273,42275],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[455,42270,42271],{"href":3052},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[455,42274,2599],{"href":2598}," helpful.",[149,42277,1962],{"id":1961},[469,42279,42281],{"id":42280},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42283,42284,42285,32,42287,94],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42286,2669],{},[15,42288,40318],{},[469,42290,42292],{"id":42291},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42294,42295,42296,32,42299,94],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42297,42298],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42300,42301],{},"\"10\"",[469,42303,42305],{"id":42304},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42307,29238,42308,42310,42311,94],{},[15,42309,41704],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42312,40879],{},[469,42314,42316],{"id":42315},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42318,170,42319,94],{},[15,42320,3948],{},[469,42322,42324],{"id":42323},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42326,42327,42328,42330,42331,837,42334,42330,42336,94],{},"Yes. ",[15,42329,31],{}," becomes ",[15,42332,42333],{},"1.0",[15,42335,35],{},[15,42337,3948],{},[149,42339,2062],{"id":2061},[162,42341,42342,42346,42352,42357,42361,42365],{},[165,42343,42344],{},[455,42345,42271],{"href":3052},[165,42347,42348],{},[455,42349,42351],{"href":42350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[165,42353,42354],{},[455,42355,42356],{"href":41065},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[165,42358,42359],{},[455,42360,9232],{"href":9154},[165,42362,42363],{},[455,42364,41070],{"href":41069},[165,42366,42367],{},[455,42368,42369],{"href":8395},"Python input() Function Explained",[2093,42371,42372],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":42374},[42375,42376,42377,42378,42385,42390,42391,42398,42403,42410,42411,42418],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":40365,"depth":72,"text":40366},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":40590,"depth":72,"text":40591,"children":42379},[42380,42381,42382,42383,42384],{"id":40599,"depth":79,"text":40600},{"id":40663,"depth":79,"text":40664},{"id":40727,"depth":79,"text":40728},{"id":40769,"depth":79,"text":40770},{"id":40824,"depth":79,"text":40825},{"id":40863,"depth":72,"text":40864,"children":42386},[42387,42388,42389],{"id":40872,"depth":79,"text":40873},{"id":40958,"depth":79,"text":40959},{"id":41027,"depth":79,"text":41028},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":41219,"depth":72,"text":41220,"children":42392},[42393,42395,42396,42397],{"id":41223,"depth":79,"text":42394},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41316,"depth":79,"text":41317},{"id":41402,"depth":79,"text":41403},{"id":41464,"depth":79,"text":41465},{"id":41524,"depth":72,"text":41525,"children":42399},[42400,42401,42402],{"id":41533,"depth":79,"text":41534},{"id":41572,"depth":79,"text":41573},{"id":41613,"depth":79,"text":41614},{"id":41678,"depth":72,"text":41679,"children":42404},[42405,42406,42407,42408,42409],{"id":41688,"depth":79,"text":40879},{"id":41754,"depth":79,"text":3182},{"id":41821,"depth":79,"text":41822},{"id":41895,"depth":79,"text":41896},{"id":42022,"depth":79,"text":42023},{"id":42126,"depth":72,"text":42127},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":42412},[42413,42414,42415,42416,42417],{"id":42280,"depth":79,"text":42281},{"id":42291,"depth":79,"text":42292},{"id":42304,"depth":79,"text":42305},{"id":42315,"depth":79,"text":42316},{"id":42323,"depth":79,"text":42324},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40266,"description":42419},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42426,"title":42427,"body":42428,"description":43647,"extension":2138,"meta":43648,"navigation":75,"path":35199,"seo":43649,"stem":43650,"__hash__":43651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42429,"toc":43613},[42430,42433,42438,42441,42443,42482,42496,42500,42505,42508,42525,42528,42538,42553,42556,42558,42560,42576,42579,42582,42602,42606,42617,42620,42624,42628,42642,42677,42681,42692,42727,42730,42732,42740,42773,42789,42791,42801,42822,42833,42835,42840,42843,42857,42859,42878,42881,42894,42897,42901,42905,42919,42922,42940,42943,42958,42962,42967,42981,42987,42989,43045,43047,43080,43083,43099,43103,43110,43114,43119,43122,43133,43137,43142,43157,43166,43171,43190,43193,43205,43207,43212,43222,43225,43254,43259,43268,43272,43277,43280,43284,43289,43291,43321,43324,43331,43336,43341,43345,43348,43356,43359,43437,43440,43462,43464,43468,43471,43475,43481,43544,43548,43556,43560,43563,43565,43590,43610],[10,42431,42427],{"id":42432},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42434,3762,42435,42437],{},[15,42436,35202],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42439,42440],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[149,42442,2179],{"id":2178},[38,42444,42446],{"className":40,"code":42445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42447,42448,42458,42468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42449,42450,42452,42454,42456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42451,32327],{"class":82},[47,42453,87],{"class":86},[47,42455,11337],{"class":82},[47,42457,286],{"class":86},[47,42459,42460,42462,42464,42466],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42461,32327],{"class":82},[47,42463,87],{"class":86},[47,42465,3622],{"class":1570},[47,42467,286],{"class":86},[47,42469,42470,42472,42474,42476,42478,42480],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,42471,32327],{"class":82},[47,42473,87],{"class":86},[47,42475,3479],{"class":61},[47,42477,34835],{"class":65},[47,42479,3479],{"class":61},[47,42481,286],{"class":86},[20,42483,144,42484,42486,42487,32,42489,42491,42492,42495],{},[15,42485,35202],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42488,11337],{},[15,42490,3622],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42493,42494],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[149,42497,42499],{"id":42498},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42501,42502,42504],{},[15,42503,35202],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42506,42507],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[162,42509,42510,42513,42516,42519,42522],{},[165,42511,42512],{},"Functions",[165,42514,42515],{},"Classes",[165,42517,42518],{},"Methods",[165,42520,42521],{},"Modules",[165,42523,42524],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42526,42527],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42529,42530,42531,42537],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[455,42532,42534],{"href":42533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42535,42536],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,42539,42541],{"className":40,"code":42540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,42542,42543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42544,42545,42547,42549,42551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42546,32327],{"class":82},[47,42548,87],{"class":86},[47,42550,11337],{"class":82},[47,42552,286],{"class":86},[20,42554,42555],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[149,42557,261],{"id":260},[20,42559,264],{},[38,42561,42563],{"className":40,"code":42562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,42564,42565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42566,42567,42569,42571,42574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42568,32327],{"class":82},[47,42570,87],{"class":86},[47,42572,42573],{"class":1570},"object",[47,42575,286],{"class":86},[20,42577,42578],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42580,42581],{},"Common examples include:",[162,42583,42584,42588,42593,42597],{},[165,42585,42586],{},[15,42587,11337],{},[165,42589,42590],{},[15,42591,42592],{},"list.append",[165,42594,42595],{},[15,42596,3622],{},[165,42598,42599],{},[15,42600,42601],{},"open",[20,42603,7351,42604,7354],{},[15,42605,35202],{},[38,42607,42609],{"className":40,"code":42608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,42610,42611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42612,42613,42615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42614,32327],{"class":82},[47,42616,8817],{"class":86},[20,42618,42619],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[149,42621,42623],{"id":42622},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[469,42625,42627],{"id":42626},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42629,42630,42631,2366,42633,2366,42635,17251,42638,94],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42632,11337],{},[15,42634,83],{},[15,42636,42637],{},"input",[455,42639,42640],{"href":2477},[15,42641,2480],{},[38,42643,42645],{"className":40,"code":42644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42646,42647,42657,42667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42648,42649,42651,42653,42655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42650,32327],{"class":82},[47,42652,87],{"class":86},[47,42654,83],{"class":82},[47,42656,286],{"class":86},[47,42658,42659,42661,42663,42665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42660,32327],{"class":82},[47,42662,87],{"class":86},[47,42664,42637],{"class":82},[47,42666,286],{"class":86},[47,42668,42669,42671,42673,42675],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,42670,32327],{"class":82},[47,42672,87],{"class":86},[47,42674,1872],{"class":1570},[47,42676,286],{"class":86},[469,42678,42680],{"id":42679},"data-types","Data types",[20,42682,42683,42684,2366,42686,2366,42688,17251,42690,94],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42685,3622],{},[15,42687,8269],{},[15,42689,8995],{},[15,42691,6467],{},[38,42693,42695],{"className":40,"code":42694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42696,42697,42707,42717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42698,42699,42701,42703,42705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42700,32327],{"class":82},[47,42702,87],{"class":86},[47,42704,3622],{"class":1570},[47,42706,286],{"class":86},[47,42708,42709,42711,42713,42715],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42710,32327],{"class":82},[47,42712,87],{"class":86},[47,42714,8269],{"class":1570},[47,42716,286],{"class":86},[47,42718,42719,42721,42723,42725],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,42720,32327],{"class":82},[47,42722,87],{"class":86},[47,42724,8995],{"class":1570},[47,42726,286],{"class":86},[20,42728,42729],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[469,42731,42518],{"id":34682},[20,42733,42734,42735,837,42738,94],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42736,42737],{},"str.split",[15,42739,42592],{},[38,42741,42743],{"className":40,"code":42742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42744,42745,42759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42746,42747,42749,42751,42753,42755,42757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42748,32327],{"class":82},[47,42750,87],{"class":86},[47,42752,3622],{"class":1570},[47,42754,94],{"class":86},[47,42756,34645],{"class":24927},[47,42758,286],{"class":86},[47,42760,42761,42763,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42762,32327],{"class":82},[47,42764,87],{"class":86},[47,42766,8269],{"class":1570},[47,42768,94],{"class":86},[47,42770,13732],{"class":24927},[47,42772,286],{"class":86},[20,42774,42775,42776,834,42778,28491,42783,42785,42786,42788],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42777,35202],{},[455,42779,42781],{"href":42780},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42782,34487],{},[15,42784,34487],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42787,35202],{}," explains one of them.",[469,42790,42521],{"id":34835},[20,42792,42793,42794,2366,42796,17251,42798,94],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42795,18595],{},[15,42797,35365],{},[15,42799,42800],{},"os",[38,42802,42804],{"className":40,"code":42803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42805,42806,42812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42807,42808,42810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42809,35266],{"class":752},[47,42811,35269],{"class":53},[47,42813,42814,42816,42818,42820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42815,32327],{"class":82},[47,42817,87],{"class":86},[47,42819,18595],{"class":90},[47,42821,286],{"class":86},[20,42823,42824,42825,42829,42830,94],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[455,42826,42828],{"href":42827},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[455,42831,35332],{"href":42832},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[149,42834,35093],{"id":35092},[20,42836,42837,42839],{},[15,42838,35202],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42841,42842],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[162,42844,42845,42848,42851,42854],{},[165,42846,42847],{},"The function signature",[165,42849,42850],{},"The short description",[165,42852,42853],{},"Parameter names",[165,42855,42856],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42858,5651],{},[38,42860,42862],{"className":40,"code":42861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42863,42864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42865,42866,42868,42870,42872,42874,42876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42867,32327],{"class":82},[47,42869,87],{"class":86},[47,42871,3622],{"class":1570},[47,42873,94],{"class":86},[47,42875,34645],{"class":24927},[47,42877,286],{"class":86},[20,42879,42880],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[162,42882,42883,42886,42889,42891],{},[165,42884,42885],{},"What object this is",[165,42887,42888],{},"What arguments it accepts",[165,42890,22147],{},[165,42892,42893],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42895,42896],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[149,42898,42900],{"id":42899},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42902,42903,30050],{},[15,42904,35202],{},[162,42906,42907,42910,42913,42916],{},[165,42908,42909],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[165,42911,42912],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[165,42914,42915],{},"You are exploring a new module",[165,42917,42918],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42920,42921],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,42923,42924],{"className":40,"code":42861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42925,42926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42927,42928,42930,42932,42934,42936,42938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42929,32327],{"class":82},[47,42931,87],{"class":86},[47,42933,3622],{"class":1570},[47,42935,94],{"class":86},[47,42937,34645],{"class":24927},[47,42939,286],{"class":86},[20,42941,42942],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,42944,42946],{"className":40,"code":42945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,42947,42948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42949,42950,42952,42954,42956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42951,32327],{"class":82},[47,42953,87],{"class":86},[47,42955,42601],{"class":82},[47,42957,286],{"class":86},[149,42959,42961],{"id":42960},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42963,42964,42966],{},[15,42965,35202],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[162,42968,42969,42972,42975,42978],{},[165,42970,42971],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[165,42973,42974],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[165,42976,42977],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[165,42979,42980],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42982,42983,42984,42986],{},"So, ",[15,42985,35202],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42988,5651],{},[38,42990,42992],{"className":40,"code":42991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42993,42994,43007,43030,43034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002,43005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42997,54],{"class":53},[47,42999,58],{"class":57},[47,43001,62],{"class":61},[47,43003,43004],{"class":65},"a,b,c",[47,43006,69],{"class":61},[47,43008,43009,43012,43014,43016,43018,43020,43022,43024,43026,43028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43010,43011],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,43013,58],{"class":57},[47,43015,1693],{"class":53},[47,43017,94],{"class":86},[47,43019,34645],{"class":90},[47,43021,87],{"class":86},[47,43023,102],{"class":61},[47,43025,309],{"class":65},[47,43027,102],{"class":61},[47,43029,286],{"class":86},[47,43031,43032],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,43033,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,43035,43036,43038,43040,43043],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,43037,83],{"class":82},[47,43039,87],{"class":86},[47,43041,43042],{"class":90},"parts",[47,43044,286],{"class":86},[20,43046,5738],{},[38,43048,43050],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43051,43052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43053,43054,43056,43058,43060,43062,43064,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43055,4080],{"class":86},[47,43057,3479],{"class":61},[47,43059,455],{"class":65},[47,43061,3479],{"class":61},[47,43063,309],{"class":86},[47,43065,3474],{"class":61},[47,43067,2014],{"class":65},[47,43069,3479],{"class":61},[47,43071,309],{"class":86},[47,43073,3474],{"class":61},[47,43075,9913],{"class":65},[47,43077,3479],{"class":61},[47,43079,3816],{"class":86},[20,43081,43082],{},"A good workflow is:",[28890,43084,43085,43090,43093,43096],{},[165,43086,144,43087,43089],{},[15,43088,35202],{}," to inspect something",[165,43091,43092],{},"Write a tiny example",[165,43094,43095],{},"Check the result",[165,43097,43098],{},"Repeat",[149,43100,43102],{"id":43101},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43104,43105,837,43107,43109],{},[15,43106,35202],{},[15,43108,34487],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[469,43111,43112],{"id":32327},[15,43113,35202],{},[20,43115,144,43116,43118],{},[15,43117,35202],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43120,43121],{},"It tells you:",[162,43123,43124,43127,43130],{},[165,43125,43126],{},"What something is",[165,43128,43129],{},"How to use it",[165,43131,43132],{},"What parameters it accepts",[469,43134,43135],{"id":34548},[15,43136,34487],{},[20,43138,144,43139,43141],{},[15,43140,34487],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,43143,43145],{"className":40,"code":43144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,43146,43147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43148,43149,43151,43153,43155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43150,34548],{"class":82},[47,43152,87],{"class":86},[47,43154,3622],{"class":1570},[47,43156,286],{"class":86},[20,43158,43159,43160,2366,43162,17251,43164,94],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43161,34645],{},[15,43163,8810],{},[15,43165,1300],{},[20,43167,43168,43169,3062],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43170,35202],{},[38,43172,43174],{"className":40,"code":43173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43175,43176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43177,43178,43180,43182,43184,43186,43188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43179,32327],{"class":82},[47,43181,87],{"class":86},[47,43183,3622],{"class":1570},[47,43185,94],{"class":86},[47,43187,1300],{"class":24927},[47,43189,286],{"class":86},[20,43191,43192],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[162,43194,43195,43200],{},[165,43196,144,43197,43199],{},[15,43198,34487],{}," to discover options",[165,43201,144,43202,43204],{},[15,43203,35202],{}," to understand one option",[149,43206,1425],{"id":1424},[20,43208,43209,43210,94],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43211,35202],{},[469,43213,831,43215,43218,43219],{"id":43214},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43216,43217],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43220,43221],{},"help(len)",[20,43223,43224],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,43226,43228],{"className":40,"code":43227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43229,43230,43240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43231,43232,43234,43236,43238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43233,32327],{"class":82},[47,43235,87],{"class":86},[47,43237,11337],{"class":82},[47,43239,286],{"class":86},[47,43241,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250,43252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43243,32327],{"class":82},[47,43245,87],{"class":86},[47,43247,3479],{"class":61},[47,43249,11337],{"class":65},[47,43251,3479],{"class":61},[47,43253,286],{"class":86},[20,43255,43256,43258],{},[15,43257,43221],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43260,43261,43263,43264,43267],{},[15,43262,43217],{}," treats ",[15,43265,43266],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[469,43269,43271],{"id":43270},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43273,43274,43276],{},[15,43275,35202],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43278,43279],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[469,43281,43283],{"id":43282},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43285,40518,43286,43288],{},[15,43287,35202],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43290,183],{},[38,43292,43294],{"className":40,"code":43293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43295,43296,43306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43297,43298,43300,43302,43304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43299,32327],{"class":82},[47,43301,87],{"class":86},[47,43303,11337],{"class":82},[47,43305,286],{"class":86},[47,43307,43308,43310,43312,43314,43317,43319],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43309,83],{"class":82},[47,43311,87],{"class":86},[47,43313,102],{"class":61},[47,43315,43316],{"class":65},"Done",[47,43318,102],{"class":61},[47,43320,286],{"class":86},[20,43322,43323],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[469,43325,1608,43327,834,43329],{"id":43326},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43328,35202],{},[15,43330,34487],{},[20,43332,43333,43334,94],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43335,34487],{},[20,43337,43338,43339,94],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43340,35202],{},[149,43342,43344],{"id":43343},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43346,43347],{},"Open Python:",[38,43349,43350],{"className":40,"code":35718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43351,43352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43353,43354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43355,35718],{"class":53},[20,43357,43358],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,43360,43362],{"className":40,"code":43361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43363,43364,43374,43388,43402,43412,43427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43365,43366,43368,43370,43372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43367,32327],{"class":82},[47,43369,87],{"class":86},[47,43371,11337],{"class":82},[47,43373,286],{"class":86},[47,43375,43376,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43377,32327],{"class":82},[47,43379,87],{"class":86},[47,43381,3622],{"class":1570},[47,43383,94],{"class":86},[47,43385,34645],{"class":24927},[47,43387,286],{"class":86},[47,43389,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,43391,32327],{"class":82},[47,43393,87],{"class":86},[47,43395,8269],{"class":1570},[47,43397,94],{"class":86},[47,43399,13732],{"class":24927},[47,43401,286],{"class":86},[47,43403,43404,43406,43408,43410],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,43405,32327],{"class":82},[47,43407,87],{"class":86},[47,43409,42601],{"class":82},[47,43411,286],{"class":86},[47,43413,43414,43416,43418,43420,43423,43425],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,43415,32327],{"class":82},[47,43417,87],{"class":86},[47,43419,3479],{"class":61},[47,43421,43422],{"class":65},"keywords",[47,43424,3479],{"class":61},[47,43426,286],{"class":86},[47,43428,43429,43431,43433,43435],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,43430,34548],{"class":82},[47,43432,87],{"class":86},[47,43434,3622],{"class":1570},[47,43436,286],{"class":86},[20,43438,43439],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[162,43441,43442,43445,43448,43451,43454,43457],{},[165,43443,43444],{},"A built-in function",[165,43446,43447],{},"A string method",[165,43449,43450],{},"A list method",[165,43452,43453],{},"A built-in file function",[165,43455,43456],{},"A special help topic",[165,43458,15368,43459,43461],{},[15,43460,34487],{}," example for comparison",[149,43463,1962],{"id":1961},[469,43465,43467],{"id":43466},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43469,43470],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[469,43472,43474],{"id":43473},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43476,43477,43478,43480],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43479,35202],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,43482,43484],{"className":40,"code":43483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43485,43486,43498,43511,43530,43534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43487,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43489,35026],{"class":2242},[47,43491,35030],{"class":35029},[47,43493,87],{"class":86},[47,43495,214],{"class":37837},[47,43497,771],{"class":86},[47,43499,43500,43504,43508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43501,43503],{"class":43502},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43505,43507],{"class":43506},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43509,43510],{"class":43502},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43512,43513,43515,43518,43521,43523,43525,43527],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,43514,35037],{"class":752},[47,43516,43517],{"class":2242}," f",[47,43519,43520],{"class":65},"\"Hello, ",[47,43522,9452],{"class":445},[47,43524,214],{"class":53},[47,43526,22480],{"class":445},[47,43528,43529],{"class":65},"!\"\n",[47,43531,43532],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,43533,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,43535,43536,43538,43540,43542],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,43537,32327],{"class":82},[47,43539,87],{"class":86},[47,43541,35072],{"class":90},[47,43543,286],{"class":86},[469,43545,43547],{"id":43546},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43549,43550,43552,43553,43555],{},[15,43551,43221],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43554,43217],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[469,43557,43559],{"id":43558},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43561,43562],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[149,43564,2062],{"id":2061},[162,43566,43567,43572,43576,43581,43586],{},[165,43568,43569],{},[455,43570,43571],{"href":42780},"Python dir() function explained",[165,43573,43574],{},[455,43575,8617],{"href":2477},[165,43577,43578],{},[455,43579,43580],{"href":42533},"Python len() function explained",[165,43582,43583],{},[455,43584,43585],{"href":42827},"How import works in Python",[165,43587,43588],{},[455,43589,35332],{"href":42832},[20,43591,43592,43593,43595,43596,2366,43598,17251,43600,43602,43603,32,43606,43609],{},"Try ",[15,43594,35202],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43597,11337],{},[15,43599,83],{},[15,43601,42637],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43604,43605],{},"dir(str)",[15,43607,43608],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2093,43611,43612],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":43614},[43615,43616,43617,43618,43624,43625,43626,43627,43631,43639,43640,43646],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":42498,"depth":72,"text":42499},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":42622,"depth":72,"text":42623,"children":43619},[43620,43621,43622,43623],{"id":42626,"depth":79,"text":42627},{"id":42679,"depth":79,"text":42680},{"id":34682,"depth":79,"text":42518},{"id":34835,"depth":79,"text":42521},{"id":35092,"depth":72,"text":35093},{"id":42899,"depth":72,"text":42900},{"id":42960,"depth":72,"text":42961},{"id":43101,"depth":72,"text":43102,"children":43628},[43629,43630],{"id":32327,"depth":79,"text":35202},{"id":34548,"depth":79,"text":34487},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":43632},[43633,43635,43636,43637],{"id":43214,"depth":79,"text":43634},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43270,"depth":79,"text":43271},{"id":43282,"depth":79,"text":43283},{"id":43326,"depth":79,"text":43638},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43343,"depth":72,"text":43344},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":43641},[43642,43643,43644,43645],{"id":43466,"depth":79,"text":43467},{"id":43473,"depth":79,"text":43474},{"id":43546,"depth":79,"text":43547},{"id":43558,"depth":79,"text":43559},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42427,"description":43647},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43653,"title":43654,"body":43655,"description":45015,"extension":2138,"meta":45016,"navigation":75,"path":45017,"seo":45018,"stem":45019,"__hash__":45020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43656,"toc":44988},[43657,43663,43668,43674,43684,43743,43753,43764,43769,43775,43777,43795,43803,43805,43807,43822,43825,43836,43838,43929,43932,43936,43941,43962,43964,44073,44075,44102,44113,44117,44120,44203,44205,44213,44219,44225,44229,44232,44342,44344,44357,44360,44374,44382,44389,44394,44408,44414,44527,44529,44590,44593,44599,44605,44608,44630,44633,44703,44706,44738,44745,44747,44750,44768,44771,44783,44789,44791,44796,44822,44825,44897,44899,44905,44908,44914,44917,44923,44933,44939,44942,44949,44952,44954,44985],[10,43658,3755,43660,3759],{"id":43659},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43661,43662],{},"id()",[20,43664,32492,43665,43667],{},[15,43666,43662],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43669,43670,43671,43673],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43672,43662],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43675,144,43676,43678,43679,43681,43682,94],{},[15,43677,43662],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3922,43680,4813],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43683,4871],{},[38,43685,43687],{"className":40,"code":43686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43688,43689,43701,43715,43719,43729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43690,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43692,193],{"class":53},[47,43694,58],{"class":57},[47,43696,62],{"class":61},[47,43698,105],{"class":65},[47,43700,69],{"class":61},[47,43702,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43704,83],{"class":82},[47,43706,87],{"class":86},[47,43708,12827],{"class":82},[47,43710,87],{"class":86},[47,43712,214],{"class":90},[47,43714,1879],{"class":86},[47,43716,43717],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,43718,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,43720,43721,43724,43726],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,43722,43723],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43725,58],{"class":57},[47,43727,43728],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43730,43731,43733,43735,43737,43739,43741],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,43732,83],{"class":82},[47,43734,87],{"class":86},[47,43736,12827],{"class":82},[47,43738,87],{"class":86},[47,43740,30920],{"class":90},[47,43742,1879],{"class":86},[20,43744,43745,43746,43749,43750,43752],{},"In this example, ",[15,43747,43748],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43751,43662],{}," values match.",[43754,43755,43756],"blockquote",{},[20,43757,144,43758,43760,43761,43763],{},[15,43759,43662],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43762,4871],{}," for value comparison.",[149,43765,152,43767,155],{"id":43766},"what-id-does",[15,43768,43662],{},[20,43770,43771,43774],{},[15,43772,43773],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43776,13230],{},[162,43778,43779,43782,43789,43792],{},[165,43780,43781],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[165,43783,43784,43785,43788],{},"It shows ",[3922,43786,43787],{},"object identity",", not object value",[165,43790,43791],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[165,43793,43794],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43796,43797,43798,43802],{},"This is closely related to how ",[455,43799,43801],{"href":43800},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[149,43804,261],{"id":260},[20,43806,5613],{},[38,43808,43810],{"className":40,"code":43809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,43811,43812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43813,43814,43816,43818,43820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43815,12827],{"class":82},[47,43817,87],{"class":86},[47,43819,42573],{"class":1570},[47,43821,286],{"class":86},[20,43823,43824],{},"Important details:",[162,43826,43827,43830,43833],{},[165,43828,43829],{},"It takes one argument",[165,43831,43832],{},"It returns an integer",[165,43834,43835],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43837,183],{},[38,43839,43841],{"className":40,"code":43840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43842,43843,43855,43863,43883,43887,43901,43915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43844,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43846,54],{"class":53},[47,43848,58],{"class":57},[47,43850,62],{"class":61},[47,43852,386],{"class":65},[47,43854,69],{"class":61},[47,43856,43857,43859,43861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43858,2394],{"class":53},[47,43860,58],{"class":57},[47,43862,2947],{"class":445},[47,43864,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,43866,7955],{"class":53},[47,43868,58],{"class":57},[47,43870,3803],{"class":86},[47,43872,1598],{"class":445},[47,43874,309],{"class":86},[47,43876,1769],{"class":445},[47,43878,309],{"class":86},[47,43880,2630],{"class":445},[47,43882,3816],{"class":86},[47,43884,43885],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,43886,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,43888,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,43890,83],{"class":82},[47,43892,87],{"class":86},[47,43894,12827],{"class":82},[47,43896,87],{"class":86},[47,43898,91],{"class":90},[47,43900,1879],{"class":86},[47,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,43904,83],{"class":82},[47,43906,87],{"class":86},[47,43908,12827],{"class":82},[47,43910,87],{"class":86},[47,43912,2417],{"class":90},[47,43914,1879],{"class":86},[47,43916,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,43918,83],{"class":82},[47,43920,87],{"class":86},[47,43922,12827],{"class":82},[47,43924,87],{"class":86},[47,43926,7986],{"class":90},[47,43928,1879],{"class":86},[20,43930,43931],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[149,43933,43935],{"id":43934},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43937,43938,43939,94],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43940,43662],{},[162,43942,43943,43950,43957],{},[165,43944,43945,43947,43948],{},[15,43946,4871],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3922,43949,1587],{},[165,43951,43952,43954,43955],{},[15,43953,12371],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3922,43956,42573],{},[165,43958,43959,43961],{},[15,43960,43662],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43963,183],{},[38,43965,43967],{"className":40,"code":43966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43968,43969,43989,44009,44013,44029,44045,44059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985,43987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43972,2732],{"class":53},[47,43974,58],{"class":57},[47,43976,3803],{"class":86},[47,43978,1598],{"class":445},[47,43980,309],{"class":86},[47,43982,1769],{"class":445},[47,43984,309],{"class":86},[47,43986,2630],{"class":445},[47,43988,3816],{"class":86},[47,43990,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43992,2760],{"class":53},[47,43994,58],{"class":57},[47,43996,3803],{"class":86},[47,43998,1598],{"class":445},[47,44000,309],{"class":86},[47,44002,1769],{"class":445},[47,44004,309],{"class":86},[47,44006,2630],{"class":445},[47,44008,3816],{"class":86},[47,44010,44011],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44012,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44014,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44016,83],{"class":82},[47,44018,87],{"class":86},[47,44020,2732],{"class":90},[47,44022,4871],{"class":57},[47,44024,2737],{"class":90},[47,44026,1696],{"class":86},[47,44028,114],{"class":113},[47,44030,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44032,83],{"class":82},[47,44034,87],{"class":86},[47,44036,2732],{"class":90},[47,44038,12371],{"class":752},[47,44040,2737],{"class":90},[47,44042,1696],{"class":86},[47,44044,257],{"class":113},[47,44046,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,44048,83],{"class":82},[47,44050,87],{"class":86},[47,44052,12827],{"class":82},[47,44054,87],{"class":86},[47,44056,455],{"class":90},[47,44058,1879],{"class":86},[47,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,44062,83],{"class":82},[47,44064,87],{"class":86},[47,44066,12827],{"class":82},[47,44068,87],{"class":86},[47,44070,2014],{"class":90},[47,44072,1879],{"class":86},[20,44074,2355],{},[162,44076,44077,44085,44093],{},[165,44078,44079,4964,44082,44084],{},[15,44080,44081],{},"a == b",[15,44083,31],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[165,44086,44087,4964,44090,44092],{},[15,44088,44089],{},"a is b",[15,44091,35],{}," because they are different list objects",[165,44094,44095,837,44098,44101],{},[15,44096,44097],{},"id(a)",[15,44099,44100],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44103,44104,44105,837,44109,94],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[455,44106,44108],{"href":44107},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[455,44110,44112],{"href":44111},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[149,44114,44116],{"id":44115},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44118,44119],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,44121,44123],{"className":40,"code":44122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44124,44125,44145,44155,44159,44173,44188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44126,44127,44129,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44128,3798],{"class":53},[47,44130,58],{"class":57},[47,44132,3803],{"class":86},[47,44134,2509],{"class":445},[47,44136,309],{"class":86},[47,44138,7966],{"class":445},[47,44140,309],{"class":86},[47,44142,7971],{"class":445},[47,44144,3816],{"class":86},[47,44146,44147,44150,44152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44148,44149],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,44151,58],{"class":57},[47,44153,44154],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,44156,44157],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44158,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44160,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44162,83],{"class":82},[47,44164,87],{"class":86},[47,44166,12827],{"class":82},[47,44168,87],{"class":86},[47,44170,3830],{"class":90},[47,44172,1879],{"class":86},[47,44174,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44186],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44176,83],{"class":82},[47,44178,87],{"class":86},[47,44180,12827],{"class":82},[47,44182,87],{"class":86},[47,44184,44185],{"class":90},"other_numbers",[47,44187,1879],{"class":86},[47,44189,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44201],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,44191,83],{"class":82},[47,44193,87],{"class":86},[47,44195,3798],{"class":90},[47,44197,12371],{"class":752},[47,44199,44200],{"class":90}," other_numbers",[47,44202,286],{"class":86},[20,44204,5738],{},[38,44206,44207],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,44208,44209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44210,44211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44212,4160],{"class":4032},[20,44214,44215,44216,44218],{},"The two ",[15,44217,43662],{}," values will also match.",[20,44220,22366,44221,44224],{},[15,44222,44223],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[149,44226,44228],{"id":44227},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44230,44231],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,44233,44235],{"className":40,"code":44234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44236,44237,44258,44279,44283,44298,44312,44327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44238,44239,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44240,44241],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,44243,58],{"class":57},[47,44245,3803],{"class":86},[47,44247,1598],{"class":445},[47,44249,309],{"class":86},[47,44251,1769],{"class":445},[47,44253,309],{"class":86},[47,44255,2630],{"class":445},[47,44257,3816],{"class":86},[47,44259,44260,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44261,44262],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,44264,58],{"class":57},[47,44266,3803],{"class":86},[47,44268,1598],{"class":445},[47,44270,309],{"class":86},[47,44272,1769],{"class":445},[47,44274,309],{"class":86},[47,44276,2630],{"class":445},[47,44278,3816],{"class":86},[47,44280,44281],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44282,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44284,44285,44287,44289,44291,44293,44296],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44286,83],{"class":82},[47,44288,87],{"class":86},[47,44290,44241],{"class":90},[47,44292,4871],{"class":57},[47,44294,44295],{"class":90}," list_b",[47,44297,286],{"class":86},[47,44299,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44310],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44301,83],{"class":82},[47,44303,87],{"class":86},[47,44305,44241],{"class":90},[47,44307,12371],{"class":752},[47,44309,44295],{"class":90},[47,44311,286],{"class":86},[47,44313,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44325],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,44315,83],{"class":82},[47,44317,87],{"class":86},[47,44319,12827],{"class":82},[47,44321,87],{"class":86},[47,44323,44324],{"class":90},"list_a",[47,44326,1879],{"class":86},[47,44328,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44340],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,44330,83],{"class":82},[47,44332,87],{"class":86},[47,44334,12827],{"class":82},[47,44336,87],{"class":86},[47,44338,44339],{"class":90},"list_b",[47,44341,1879],{"class":86},[20,44343,5738],{},[38,44345,44347],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44348,44349,44353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44350,44351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44352,4160],{"class":4032},[47,44354,44355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44356,4221],{"class":4032},[20,44358,44359],{},"What this means:",[162,44361,44362,44365,44368],{},[165,44363,44364],{},"The lists are equal in value",[165,44366,44367],{},"They are not the same object",[165,44369,44370,44371,44373],{},"Their ",[15,44372,43662],{}," values are usually different",[20,44375,44376,44377,44379,44380,94],{},"This is why ",[15,44378,43662],{}," should not replace ",[15,44381,4871],{},[149,44383,44385,44386,44388],{"id":44384},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44387,43662],{}," is useful",[20,44390,44391,44393],{},[15,44392,43662],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[162,44395,44396,44399,44402,44405],{},[165,44397,44398],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[165,44400,44401],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[165,44403,44404],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[165,44406,44407],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44409,44410,44411,44413],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44412,43662],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,44415,44417],{"className":40,"code":44416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44418,44419,44443,44452,44456,44475,44479,44489,44499,44513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44420,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44422,12263],{"class":53},[47,44424,58],{"class":57},[47,44426,3803],{"class":86},[47,44428,102],{"class":61},[47,44430,455],{"class":65},[47,44432,102],{"class":61},[47,44434,309],{"class":86},[47,44436,62],{"class":61},[47,44438,2014],{"class":65},[47,44440,102],{"class":61},[47,44442,3816],{"class":86},[47,44444,44445,44448,44450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44446,44447],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44449,58],{"class":57},[47,44451,12301],{"class":53},[47,44453,44454],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44455,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44457,44458,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44459,44460],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44462,94],{"class":86},[47,44464,13732],{"class":90},[47,44466,87],{"class":86},[47,44468,102],{"class":61},[47,44470,9913],{"class":65},[47,44472,102],{"class":61},[47,44474,286],{"class":86},[47,44476,44477],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44478,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,44482,83],{"class":82},[47,44484,87],{"class":86},[47,44486,12310],{"class":90},[47,44488,286],{"class":86},[47,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,44492,83],{"class":82},[47,44494,87],{"class":86},[47,44496,44460],{"class":90},[47,44498,286],{"class":86},[47,44500,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,44502,83],{"class":82},[47,44504,87],{"class":86},[47,44506,12827],{"class":82},[47,44508,87],{"class":86},[47,44510,12310],{"class":90},[47,44512,1879],{"class":86},[47,44514,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,44516,83],{"class":82},[47,44518,87],{"class":86},[47,44520,12827],{"class":82},[47,44522,87],{"class":86},[47,44524,44460],{"class":90},[47,44526,1879],{"class":86},[20,44528,5738],{},[38,44530,44532],{"className":40,"code":44531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44533,44534,44562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44535,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44537,4080],{"class":86},[47,44539,3479],{"class":61},[47,44541,455],{"class":65},[47,44543,3479],{"class":61},[47,44545,309],{"class":86},[47,44547,3474],{"class":61},[47,44549,2014],{"class":65},[47,44551,3479],{"class":61},[47,44553,309],{"class":86},[47,44555,3474],{"class":61},[47,44557,9913],{"class":65},[47,44559,3479],{"class":61},[47,44561,3816],{"class":86},[47,44563,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44565,4080],{"class":86},[47,44567,3479],{"class":61},[47,44569,455],{"class":65},[47,44571,3479],{"class":61},[47,44573,309],{"class":86},[47,44575,3474],{"class":61},[47,44577,2014],{"class":65},[47,44579,3479],{"class":61},[47,44581,309],{"class":86},[47,44583,3474],{"class":61},[47,44585,9913],{"class":65},[47,44587,3479],{"class":61},[47,44589,3816],{"class":86},[20,44591,44592],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[149,44594,44596,44597],{"id":44595},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44598,43662],{},[20,44600,44601,44602,44604],{},"Do not use ",[15,44603,43662],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44606,44607],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[162,44609,44610,44616,44622,44625],{},[165,44611,44612,44613,44615],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44614,4871],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[165,44617,44618,44619,44621],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44620,43662],{}," values across program runs",[165,44623,44624],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[165,44626,44627,44628],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44629,43662],{},[20,44631,44632],{},"Bad example:",[38,44634,44636],{"className":40,"code":44635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44637,44638,44650,44662,44666,44688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44639,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44641,2732],{"class":53},[47,44643,58],{"class":57},[47,44645,62],{"class":61},[47,44647,37223],{"class":65},[47,44649,69],{"class":61},[47,44651,44652,44654,44656,44658,44660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44653,2760],{"class":53},[47,44655,58],{"class":57},[47,44657,62],{"class":61},[47,44659,37223],{"class":65},[47,44661,69],{"class":61},[47,44663,44664],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44665,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,44667,44668,44670,44672,44674,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684,44686],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44669,723],{"class":752},[47,44671,14996],{"class":82},[47,44673,87],{"class":86},[47,44675,455],{"class":90},[47,44677,1696],{"class":86},[47,44679,6587],{"class":57},[47,44681,14996],{"class":82},[47,44683,87],{"class":86},[47,44685,2014],{"class":90},[47,44687,771],{"class":86},[47,44689,44690,44692,44694,44696,44699,44701],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44691,776],{"class":82},[47,44693,87],{"class":86},[47,44695,102],{"class":61},[47,44697,44698],{"class":65},"The values are equal",[47,44700,102],{"class":61},[47,44702,286],{"class":86},[20,44704,44705],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,44707,44709],{"className":40,"code":44708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44710,44711,44724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44712,44713,44715,44718,44720,44722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44714,723],{"class":752},[47,44716,44717],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44719,4871],{"class":57},[47,44721,2737],{"class":53},[47,44723,795],{"class":86},[47,44725,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44727,776],{"class":82},[47,44729,87],{"class":86},[47,44731,102],{"class":61},[47,44733,44698],{"class":65},[47,44735,102],{"class":61},[47,44737,286],{"class":86},[20,44739,144,44740,32,44742,44744],{},[15,44741,12371],{},[15,44743,43662],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[149,44746,20979],{"id":20978},[20,44748,44749],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[162,44751,44752,44755,44758,44763],{},[165,44753,44754],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[165,44756,44757],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[165,44759,44760,44761],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44762,43662],{},[165,44764,44765,44766],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44767,43662],{},[20,44769,44770],{},"The important rule is:",[162,44772,44773,44778],{},[165,44774,144,44775,44777],{},[15,44776,4871],{}," to check value",[165,44779,144,44780,44782],{},[15,44781,12371],{}," to check identity",[20,44784,44785,44786,44788],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44787,43662],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[149,44790,1425],{"id":1424},[20,44792,44793,44794,3062],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44795,43662],{},[162,44797,44798,44806,44809,44812,44817],{},[165,44799,831,44800,44802,44803,44805],{},[15,44801,43662],{}," when ",[15,44804,4871],{}," should be used",[165,44807,44808],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[165,44810,44811],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[165,44813,44814,44815],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44816,43662],{},[165,44818,831,44819,44821],{},[15,44820,43662],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44823,44824],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,44826,44828],{"className":40,"code":44827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44829,44830,44845,44859,44873,44887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44831,44832,44834,44836,44838,44840,44843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44833,83],{"class":82},[47,44835,87],{"class":86},[47,44837,12827],{"class":82},[47,44839,87],{"class":86},[47,44841,44842],{"class":90},"my_object",[47,44844,1879],{"class":86},[47,44846,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855,44857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44848,83],{"class":82},[47,44850,87],{"class":86},[47,44852,2732],{"class":90},[47,44854,4871],{"class":57},[47,44856,2737],{"class":90},[47,44858,286],{"class":86},[47,44860,44861,44863,44865,44867,44869,44871],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,44862,83],{"class":82},[47,44864,87],{"class":86},[47,44866,2732],{"class":90},[47,44868,12371],{"class":752},[47,44870,2737],{"class":90},[47,44872,286],{"class":86},[47,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,44876,83],{"class":82},[47,44878,87],{"class":86},[47,44880,1872],{"class":1570},[47,44882,87],{"class":86},[47,44884,44842],{"class":90},[47,44886,1879],{"class":86},[47,44888,44889,44891,44893,44895],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,44890,32327],{"class":82},[47,44892,87],{"class":86},[47,44894,12827],{"class":82},[47,44896,286],{"class":86},[149,44898,1962],{"id":1961},[469,44900,44902,44903,12893],{"id":44901},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44904,43662],{},[20,44906,44907],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[469,44909,2022,44911,44913],{"id":44910},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44912,43662],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44915,44916],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[469,44918,21597,44920,44922],{"id":44919},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44921,43662],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44924,30447,44925,44927,44928,32,44930,44932],{},[15,44926,4871],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44929,43662],{},[15,44931,12371],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[469,44934,44936,44937,2037],{"id":44935},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44938,43662],{},[20,44940,44941],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[469,44943,44945,44946,44948],{"id":44944},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44947,43662],{}," values?",[20,44950,44951],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[149,44953,2062],{"id":2061},[162,44955,44956,44961,44966,44971,44979],{},[165,44957,44958],{},[455,44959,44960],{"href":43800},"Python variables explained for beginners",[165,44962,44963],{},[455,44964,44965],{"href":44107},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[165,44967,44968],{},[455,44969,44970],{"href":44111},"Python data types overview",[165,44972,44973],{},[455,44974,3755,44976,3688],{"href":44975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44977,44978],{},"isinstance()",[165,44980,44981],{},[455,44982,44984],{"href":44983},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2093,44986,44987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":44989},[44990,44992,44993,44994,44995,44996,44998,45000,45001,45002,45014],{"id":43766,"depth":72,"text":44991},"What id() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":43934,"depth":72,"text":43935},{"id":44115,"depth":72,"text":44116},{"id":44227,"depth":72,"text":44228},{"id":44384,"depth":72,"text":44997},"When id() is useful",{"id":44595,"depth":72,"text":44999},"When not to use id()",{"id":20978,"depth":72,"text":20979},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":45003},[45004,45006,45008,45010,45012],{"id":44901,"depth":79,"text":45005},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44910,"depth":79,"text":45007},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44919,"depth":79,"text":45009},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44935,"depth":79,"text":45011},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44944,"depth":79,"text":45013},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43654,"description":45015},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45022,"title":42369,"body":45023,"description":46663,"extension":2138,"meta":46664,"navigation":75,"path":46665,"seo":46666,"stem":46667,"__hash__":46668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45024,"toc":46629},[45025,45030,45035,45038,45040,45083,45088,45091,45096,45101,45104,45120,45122,45166,45168,45195,45197,45212,45214,45216,45218,45234,45236,45248,45251,45285,45288,45313,45318,45320,45325,45329,45332,45334,45382,45384,45417,45423,45434,45436,45488,45490,45521,45523,45527,45531,45574,45580,45586,45638,45646,45651,45655,45746,45748,45781,45784,45786,45846,45848,45874,45884,45886,45890,45895,45900,45902,45939,45941,45960,45963,45967,45970,46026,46038,46047,46049,46076,46084,46091,46095,46098,46135,46138,46144,46181,46183,46187,46193,46211,46216,46264,46268,46357,46360,46367,46369,46371,46376,46394,46396,46439,46445,46462,46464,46526,46528,46530,46536,46544,46550,46556,46565,46575,46579,46587,46589,46591,46626],[10,45026,3755,45028,3759],{"id":45027},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45029,3135],{},[20,45031,842,45032,45034],{},[15,45033,3135],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45036,45037],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[149,45039,2179],{"id":2178},[38,45041,45043],{"className":40,"code":45042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45044,45045,45064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45046,45047,45049,45051,45053,45055,45057,45060,45062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45048,193],{"class":53},[47,45050,58],{"class":57},[47,45052,8418],{"class":82},[47,45054,87],{"class":86},[47,45056,102],{"class":61},[47,45058,45059],{"class":65},"Enter your name: ",[47,45061,102],{"class":61},[47,45063,286],{"class":86},[47,45065,45066,45068,45070,45072,45075,45077,45079,45081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45067,83],{"class":82},[47,45069,87],{"class":86},[47,45071,102],{"class":61},[47,45073,45074],{"class":65},"Hello, ",[47,45076,102],{"class":61},[47,45078,2633],{"class":57},[47,45080,36168],{"class":90},[47,45082,286],{"class":86},[20,45084,144,45085,45087],{},[15,45086,3135],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45089,45090],"hr",{},[149,45092,152,45094,155],{"id":45093},"what-input-does",[15,45095,3135],{},[20,45097,45098,45100],{},[15,45099,3135],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45102,45103],{},"Here is what happens:",[162,45105,45106,45111,45114,45117],{},[165,45107,45108,45110],{},[15,45109,3135],{}," waits for the user to type",[165,45112,45113],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[165,45115,45116],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[165,45118,45119],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45121,183],{},[38,45123,45125],{"className":40,"code":45124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45126,45127,45147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45128,45129,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45143,45145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45130,45131],{"class":53},"color ",[47,45133,58],{"class":57},[47,45135,8418],{"class":82},[47,45137,87],{"class":86},[47,45139,102],{"class":61},[47,45141,45142],{"class":65},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,45144,102],{"class":61},[47,45146,286],{"class":86},[47,45148,45149,45151,45153,45155,45158,45160,45162,45164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45150,83],{"class":82},[47,45152,87],{"class":86},[47,45154,102],{"class":61},[47,45156,45157],{"class":65},"Your favorite color is",[47,45159,102],{"class":61},[47,45161,309],{"class":86},[47,45163,36027],{"class":90},[47,45165,286],{"class":86},[20,45167,30206],{},[38,45169,45171],{"className":40,"code":45170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45172,45173,45186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45174,45175,45177,45179,45182,45184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45176,152],{"class":53},[47,45178,12371],{"class":57},[47,45180,45181],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,45183,2037],{"class":37542},[47,45185,36057],{"class":53},[47,45187,45188,45191,45193],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45189,45190],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,45192,12371],{"class":57},[47,45194,36057],{"class":53},[20,45196,20136],{},[162,45198,45199,45204,45209],{},[165,45200,45201,45202],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45203,45142],{},[165,45205,45206,45207],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45208,33066],{},[165,45210,45211],{},"That value is then printed",[45089,45213],{},[149,45215,261],{"id":260},[20,45217,7394],{},[38,45219,45221],{"className":40,"code":45220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45222,45223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45224,45225,45227,45229,45232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45226,42637],{"class":82},[47,45228,87],{"class":86},[47,45230,45231],{"class":90},"prompt",[47,45233,286],{"class":86},[20,45235,11634],{},[162,45237,45238,45242,45245],{},[165,45239,842,45240,20218],{},[15,45241,45231],{},[165,45243,45244],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[165,45246,45247],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45249,45250],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,45252,45254],{"className":40,"code":45253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45255,45256,45275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45257,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45271,45273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45259,8137],{"class":53},[47,45261,58],{"class":57},[47,45263,8418],{"class":82},[47,45265,87],{"class":86},[47,45267,102],{"class":61},[47,45269,45270],{"class":65},"Enter your username: ",[47,45272,102],{"class":61},[47,45274,286],{"class":86},[47,45276,45277,45279,45281,45283],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45278,83],{"class":82},[47,45280,87],{"class":86},[47,45282,8161],{"class":90},[47,45284,286],{"class":86},[20,45286,45287],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,45289,45291],{"className":40,"code":45290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45292,45293,45303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45294,45295,45297,45299,45301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45296,1535],{"class":53},[47,45298,58],{"class":57},[47,45300,8418],{"class":82},[47,45302,8817],{"class":86},[47,45304,45305,45307,45309,45311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45306,83],{"class":82},[47,45308,87],{"class":86},[47,45310,1587],{"class":90},[47,45312,286],{"class":86},[20,45314,7938,45315,45317],{},[15,45316,3135],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45089,45319],{},[149,45321,152,45323,11882],{"id":45322},"what-input-returns",[15,45324,3135],{},[20,45326,45327,8401],{},[15,45328,3135],{},[20,45330,45331],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45333,183],{},[38,45335,45337],{"className":40,"code":45336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45338,45339,45358,45368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45340,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45354,45356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45342,21805],{"class":53},[47,45344,58],{"class":57},[47,45346,8418],{"class":82},[47,45348,87],{"class":86},[47,45350,102],{"class":61},[47,45352,45353],{"class":65},"Enter your age: ",[47,45355,102],{"class":61},[47,45357,286],{"class":86},[47,45359,45360,45362,45364,45366],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45361,83],{"class":82},[47,45363,87],{"class":86},[47,45365,9473],{"class":90},[47,45367,286],{"class":86},[47,45369,45370,45372,45374,45376,45378,45380],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45371,83],{"class":82},[47,45373,87],{"class":86},[47,45375,1872],{"class":1570},[47,45377,87],{"class":86},[47,45379,9473],{"class":90},[47,45381,1879],{"class":86},[20,45383,30206],{},[38,45385,45387],{"className":40,"code":45386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45388,45389,45399,45403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45390,45391,45394,45396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45392,45393],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45395,3062],{"class":86},[47,45397,45398],{"class":445}," 25\n",[47,45400,45401],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45402,2887],{"class":445},[47,45404,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413,45415],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45406,3468],{"class":57},[47,45408,3471],{"class":2242},[47,45410,3474],{"class":61},[47,45412,3622],{"class":65},[47,45414,3479],{"class":61},[47,45416,3482],{"class":57},[20,45418,45419,45420,45422],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45421,9368],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45424,45425,45426,32,45430,94],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[455,45427,45428],{"href":3052},[15,45429,3055],{},[455,45431,45432],{"href":3058},[15,45433,3061],{},[20,45435,183],{},[38,45437,45439],{"className":40,"code":45438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45440,45441,45464,45474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45442,45443,45445,45447,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45444,21805],{"class":53},[47,45446,58],{"class":57},[47,45448,45449],{"class":1570}," int",[47,45451,87],{"class":86},[47,45453,42637],{"class":82},[47,45455,87],{"class":86},[47,45457,102],{"class":61},[47,45459,45353],{"class":65},[47,45461,102],{"class":61},[47,45463,1879],{"class":86},[47,45465,45466,45468,45470,45472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45467,83],{"class":82},[47,45469,87],{"class":86},[47,45471,9473],{"class":90},[47,45473,286],{"class":86},[47,45475,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45477,83],{"class":82},[47,45479,87],{"class":86},[47,45481,1872],{"class":1570},[47,45483,87],{"class":86},[47,45485,9473],{"class":90},[47,45487,1879],{"class":86},[20,45489,30206],{},[38,45491,45493],{"className":40,"code":45492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45494,45495,45503,45507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45496,45497,45499,45501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45498,45393],{"class":53},[47,45500,3062],{"class":86},[47,45502,45398],{"class":445},[47,45504,45505],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45506,2887],{"class":445},[47,45508,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45510,3468],{"class":57},[47,45512,3471],{"class":2242},[47,45514,3474],{"class":61},[47,45516,2365],{"class":65},[47,45518,3479],{"class":61},[47,45520,3482],{"class":57},[45089,45522],{},[149,45524,45526],{"id":45525},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[469,45528,45530],{"id":45529},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,45532,45534],{"className":40,"code":45533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45535,45536,45555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45537,45538,45540,45542,45544,45546,45548,45551,45553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45539,193],{"class":53},[47,45541,58],{"class":57},[47,45543,8418],{"class":82},[47,45545,87],{"class":86},[47,45547,102],{"class":61},[47,45549,45550],{"class":65},"What is your name? ",[47,45552,102],{"class":61},[47,45554,286],{"class":86},[47,45556,45557,45559,45561,45563,45566,45568,45570,45572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45558,83],{"class":82},[47,45560,87],{"class":86},[47,45562,102],{"class":61},[47,45564,45565],{"class":65},"Hello,",[47,45567,102],{"class":61},[47,45569,309],{"class":86},[47,45571,36168],{"class":90},[47,45573,286],{"class":86},[20,45575,45576,45577,45579],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45578,214],{}," and prints it.",[469,45581,45583,45584],{"id":45582},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45585,3055],{},[38,45587,45589],{"className":40,"code":45588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45590,45591,45614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45592,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45610,45612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45594,21805],{"class":53},[47,45596,58],{"class":57},[47,45598,45449],{"class":1570},[47,45600,87],{"class":86},[47,45602,42637],{"class":82},[47,45604,87],{"class":86},[47,45606,102],{"class":61},[47,45608,45609],{"class":65},"How old are you? ",[47,45611,102],{"class":61},[47,45613,1879],{"class":86},[47,45615,45616,45618,45620,45622,45625,45627,45629,45632,45634,45636],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45617,83],{"class":82},[47,45619,87],{"class":86},[47,45621,102],{"class":61},[47,45623,45624],{"class":65},"Next year you will be",[47,45626,102],{"class":61},[47,45628,309],{"class":86},[47,45630,45631],{"class":90}," age ",[47,45633,2236],{"class":57},[47,45635,5677],{"class":445},[47,45637,286],{"class":86},[20,45639,6240,45640,45642,45643,45645],{},[15,45641,3055],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45644,3135],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45647,45648,45649,94],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[455,45650,9155],{"href":9154},[469,45652,45654],{"id":45653},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,45656,45658],{"className":40,"code":45657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45659,45660,45684,45708,45722,45726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45661,45662,45665,45667,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45680,45682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45663,45664],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45666,58],{"class":57},[47,45668,45449],{"class":1570},[47,45670,87],{"class":86},[47,45672,42637],{"class":82},[47,45674,87],{"class":86},[47,45676,102],{"class":61},[47,45678,45679],{"class":65},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45681,102],{"class":61},[47,45683,1879],{"class":86},[47,45685,45686,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701,45704,45706],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45687,45688],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45690,58],{"class":57},[47,45692,45449],{"class":1570},[47,45694,87],{"class":86},[47,45696,42637],{"class":82},[47,45698,87],{"class":86},[47,45700,102],{"class":61},[47,45702,45703],{"class":65},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45705,102],{"class":61},[47,45707,1879],{"class":86},[47,45709,45710,45712,45714,45717,45719],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45711,41357],{"class":53},[47,45713,58],{"class":57},[47,45715,45716],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45718,2236],{"class":57},[47,45720,45721],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45723,45724],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,45725,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,45727,45728,45730,45732,45734,45737,45739,45741,45744],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,45729,83],{"class":82},[47,45731,87],{"class":86},[47,45733,102],{"class":61},[47,45735,45736],{"class":65},"Total:",[47,45738,102],{"class":61},[47,45740,309],{"class":86},[47,45742,45743],{"class":90}," total",[47,45745,286],{"class":86},[20,45747,30206],{},[38,45749,45751],{"className":40,"code":45750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45752,45753,45763,45772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45754,45755,45758,45760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45756,45757],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,45759,3062],{"class":86},[47,45761,45762],{"class":445}," 2\n",[47,45764,45765,45768,45770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45766,45767],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45769,3062],{"class":86},[47,45771,2755],{"class":445},[47,45773,45774,45777,45779],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45775,45776],{"class":53},"Total",[47,45778,3062],{"class":86},[47,45780,35017],{"class":445},[20,45782,45783],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45785,183],{},[38,45787,45789],{"className":40,"code":45788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45790,45791,45809,45827,45831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45792,45793,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45794,45664],{"class":53},[47,45796,58],{"class":57},[47,45798,8418],{"class":82},[47,45800,87],{"class":86},[47,45802,102],{"class":61},[47,45804,45679],{"class":65},[47,45806,102],{"class":61},[47,45808,286],{"class":86},[47,45810,45811,45813,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45812,45688],{"class":53},[47,45814,58],{"class":57},[47,45816,8418],{"class":82},[47,45818,87],{"class":86},[47,45820,102],{"class":61},[47,45822,45703],{"class":65},[47,45824,102],{"class":61},[47,45826,286],{"class":86},[47,45828,45829],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45830,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,45832,45833,45835,45837,45839,45841,45844],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,45834,83],{"class":82},[47,45836,87],{"class":86},[47,45838,45664],{"class":90},[47,45840,2236],{"class":57},[47,45842,45843],{"class":90}," num2",[47,45845,286],{"class":86},[20,45847,30206],{},[38,45849,45851],{"className":40,"code":45850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45852,45853,45861,45869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45854,45855,45857,45859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45856,45757],{"class":53},[47,45858,3062],{"class":86},[47,45860,45762],{"class":445},[47,45862,45863,45865,45867],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45864,45767],{"class":53},[47,45866,3062],{"class":86},[47,45868,2755],{"class":445},[47,45870,45871],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,45872,45873],{"class":445},"23\n",[20,45875,45876,45877,45880,45881,94],{},"That happens because ",[15,45878,45879],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45882,45883],{},"\"23\"",[45089,45885],{},[149,45887,45889],{"id":45888},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45891,45892,45893,94],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45894,3135],{},[469,45896,1710,45898,41717],{"id":45897},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45899,3135],{},[20,45901,39374],{},[38,45903,45905],{"className":40,"code":45904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45906,45907,45925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45908,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45910,1535],{"class":53},[47,45912,58],{"class":57},[47,45914,8418],{"class":82},[47,45916,87],{"class":86},[47,45918,102],{"class":61},[47,45920,42046],{"class":65},[47,45922,102],{"class":61},[47,45924,286],{"class":86},[47,45926,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45928,83],{"class":82},[47,45930,87],{"class":86},[47,45932,1872],{"class":1570},[47,45934,87],{"class":86},[47,45936,1587],{"class":90},[47,45938,1879],{"class":86},[20,45940,814],{},[38,45942,45944],{"className":40,"code":45943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45945,45946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45947,45948,45950,45952,45954,45956,45958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45949,3468],{"class":57},[47,45951,3471],{"class":2242},[47,45953,3474],{"class":61},[47,45955,3622],{"class":65},[47,45957,3479],{"class":61},[47,45959,3482],{"class":57},[20,45961,45962],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[469,45964,45966],{"id":45965},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45968,45969],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,45971,45973],{"className":40,"code":45972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45974,45975,45993,46012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45976,45977,45979,45981,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45978,2732],{"class":53},[47,45980,58],{"class":57},[47,45982,8418],{"class":82},[47,45984,87],{"class":86},[47,45986,102],{"class":61},[47,45988,42046],{"class":65},[47,45990,102],{"class":61},[47,45992,286],{"class":86},[47,45994,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003,46005,46008,46010],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45996,2760],{"class":53},[47,45998,58],{"class":57},[47,46000,8418],{"class":82},[47,46002,87],{"class":86},[47,46004,102],{"class":61},[47,46006,46007],{"class":65},"Enter another number: ",[47,46009,102],{"class":61},[47,46011,286],{"class":86},[47,46013,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46015,83],{"class":82},[47,46017,87],{"class":86},[47,46019,2732],{"class":90},[47,46021,2236],{"class":57},[47,46023,2737],{"class":90},[47,46025,286],{"class":86},[20,46027,41295,46028,837,46030,46032,46033,19142,46036,94],{},[15,46029,2682],{},[15,46031,2313],{},", the result is ",[15,46034,46035],{},"45",[15,46037,2321],{},[469,46039,46041,46042,46044,46045],{"id":46040},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46043,40879],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46046,3055],{},[20,46048,183],{},[38,46050,46052],{"className":40,"code":46051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46053,46054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46055,46056,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46057,21805],{"class":53},[47,46059,58],{"class":57},[47,46061,45449],{"class":1570},[47,46063,87],{"class":86},[47,46065,42637],{"class":82},[47,46067,87],{"class":86},[47,46069,102],{"class":61},[47,46071,45353],{"class":65},[47,46073,102],{"class":61},[47,46075,1879],{"class":86},[20,46077,8447,46078,46081,46082,94],{},[15,46079,46080],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46083,40879],{},[20,46085,46086,46087,94],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[455,46088,46090],{"href":46089},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[469,46092,46094],{"id":46093},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46096,46097],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,46099,46101],{"className":40,"code":46100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46102,46103,46121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46104,46105,46107,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46106,193],{"class":53},[47,46108,58],{"class":57},[47,46110,8418],{"class":82},[47,46112,87],{"class":86},[47,46114,102],{"class":61},[47,46116,45059],{"class":65},[47,46118,102],{"class":61},[47,46120,286],{"class":86},[47,46122,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46124,83],{"class":82},[47,46126,87],{"class":86},[47,46128,41954],{"class":82},[47,46130,87],{"class":86},[47,46132,214],{"class":90},[47,46134,1879],{"class":86},[20,46136,46137],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46139,46140,46141,3062],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46142,46143],{},".strip()",[38,46145,46147],{"className":40,"code":46146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46148,46149,46171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46150,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46152,193],{"class":53},[47,46154,58],{"class":57},[47,46156,8418],{"class":82},[47,46158,87],{"class":86},[47,46160,102],{"class":61},[47,46162,45059],{"class":65},[47,46164,102],{"class":61},[47,46166,8807],{"class":86},[47,46168,8810],{"class":90},[47,46170,8817],{"class":86},[47,46172,46173,46175,46177,46179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46174,83],{"class":82},[47,46176,87],{"class":86},[47,46178,214],{"class":90},[47,46180,286],{"class":86},[45089,46182],{},[149,46184,46186],{"id":46185},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46188,46189,46190,46192],{},"These habits make ",[15,46191,3135],{}," easier and safer to use.",[162,46194,46195,46198,46203,46206],{},[165,46196,46197],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[165,46199,144,46200,46202],{},[15,46201,46143],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[165,46204,46205],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[165,46207,144,46208,46210],{},[15,46209,29958],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46212,46213,46214,3062],{},"Example with ",[15,46215,46143],{},[38,46217,46219],{"className":40,"code":46218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46220,46221,46245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46222,46223,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46237,46239,46241,46243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46224,46225],{"class":53},"city ",[47,46227,58],{"class":57},[47,46229,8418],{"class":82},[47,46231,87],{"class":86},[47,46233,102],{"class":61},[47,46235,46236],{"class":65},"Enter your city: ",[47,46238,102],{"class":61},[47,46240,8807],{"class":86},[47,46242,8810],{"class":90},[47,46244,8817],{"class":86},[47,46246,46247,46249,46251,46253,46256,46258,46260,46262],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46248,83],{"class":82},[47,46250,87],{"class":86},[47,46252,102],{"class":61},[47,46254,46255],{"class":65},"City:",[47,46257,102],{"class":61},[47,46259,309],{"class":86},[47,46261,31560],{"class":90},[47,46263,286],{"class":86},[20,46265,46213,46266,3062],{},[15,46267,29958],{},[38,46269,46271],{"className":40,"code":46270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46272,46273,46279,46302,46334,46342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46274,46275,46277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46276,29980],{"class":752},[47,46278,795],{"class":86},[47,46280,46281,46284,46286,46288,46290,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46282,46283],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,46285,58],{"class":57},[47,46287,45449],{"class":1570},[47,46289,87],{"class":86},[47,46291,42637],{"class":82},[47,46293,87],{"class":86},[47,46295,102],{"class":61},[47,46297,45353],{"class":65},[47,46299,102],{"class":61},[47,46301,1879],{"class":86},[47,46303,46304,46306,46308,46310,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46330,46332],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46305,776],{"class":82},[47,46307,87],{"class":86},[47,46309,102],{"class":61},[47,46311,46312],{"class":65},"You will be",[47,46314,102],{"class":61},[47,46316,309],{"class":86},[47,46318,45631],{"class":90},[47,46320,2236],{"class":57},[47,46322,5677],{"class":445},[47,46324,309],{"class":86},[47,46326,62],{"class":61},[47,46328,46329],{"class":65},"next year",[47,46331,102],{"class":61},[47,46333,286],{"class":86},[47,46335,46336,46338,46340],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,46337,30011],{"class":752},[47,46339,42101],{"class":1570},[47,46341,795],{"class":86},[47,46343,46344,46346,46348,46350,46353,46355],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,46345,776],{"class":82},[47,46347,87],{"class":86},[47,46349,102],{"class":61},[47,46351,46352],{"class":65},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46354,102],{"class":61},[47,46356,286],{"class":86},[20,46358,46359],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46361,46362,46363,94],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[455,46364,46366],{"href":46365},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45089,46368],{},[149,46370,1425],{"id":1424},[20,46372,46373,46374,3062],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46375,3135],{},[162,46377,46378,46385,46388,46391],{},[165,46379,46380,46381,32,46383],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46382,3055],{},[15,46384,3061],{},[165,46386,46387],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[165,46389,46390],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[165,46392,46393],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46395,1848],{},[38,46397,46399],{"className":40,"code":46398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46400,46401,46411,46425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46402,46403,46405,46407,46409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46404,83],{"class":82},[47,46406,87],{"class":86},[47,46408,1587],{"class":90},[47,46410,286],{"class":86},[47,46412,46413,46415,46417,46419,46421,46423],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46414,83],{"class":82},[47,46416,87],{"class":86},[47,46418,1872],{"class":1570},[47,46420,87],{"class":86},[47,46422,1587],{"class":90},[47,46424,1879],{"class":86},[47,46426,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46428,83],{"class":82},[47,46430,87],{"class":86},[47,46432,41954],{"class":82},[47,46434,87],{"class":86},[47,46436,1587],{"class":90},[47,46438,1879],{"class":86},[20,46440,46441,46442,46444],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46443,3135],{}," actually returned:",[162,46446,46447,46452,46457],{},[165,46448,46449,46451],{},[15,46450,42002],{}," shows the value",[165,46453,46454,46456],{},[15,46455,42008],{}," shows the data type",[165,46458,46459,46461],{},[15,46460,42013],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46463,183],{},[38,46465,46467],{"className":40,"code":46466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46468,46469,46488,46498,46512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46470,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479,46481,46484,46486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46472,1535],{"class":53},[47,46474,58],{"class":57},[47,46476,8418],{"class":82},[47,46478,87],{"class":86},[47,46480,102],{"class":61},[47,46482,46483],{"class":65},"Enter something: ",[47,46485,102],{"class":61},[47,46487,286],{"class":86},[47,46489,46490,46492,46494,46496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46491,83],{"class":82},[47,46493,87],{"class":86},[47,46495,1587],{"class":90},[47,46497,286],{"class":86},[47,46499,46500,46502,46504,46506,46508,46510],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46501,83],{"class":82},[47,46503,87],{"class":86},[47,46505,1872],{"class":1570},[47,46507,87],{"class":86},[47,46509,1587],{"class":90},[47,46511,1879],{"class":86},[47,46513,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522,46524],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,46515,83],{"class":82},[47,46517,87],{"class":86},[47,46519,41954],{"class":82},[47,46521,87],{"class":86},[47,46523,1587],{"class":90},[47,46525,1879],{"class":86},[45089,46527],{},[149,46529,1962],{"id":1961},[469,46531,1966,46533,46535],{"id":46532},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46534,3135],{}," return an integer?",[20,46537,46538,46539,46541,46542,40104],{},"No. ",[15,46540,3135],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46543,3055],{},[469,46545,46547,46548,2037],{"id":46546},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46549,3135],{},[20,46551,46552,46553,46555],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46554,3135],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[469,46557,5338,46559,46562,46563,2037],{"id":46558},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46560,46561],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46564,3135],{},[20,46566,29238,46567,46569,46570,42330,46572,46574],{},[15,46568,3135],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46571,45879],{},[15,46573,45883],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[469,46576,46578],{"id":46577},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46580,144,46581,46583,46584,94],{},[15,46582,46143],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46585,46586],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45089,46588],{},[149,46590,2062],{"id":2061},[162,46592,46593,46598,46602,46608,46614,46618],{},[165,46594,46595],{},[455,46596,46597],{"href":46365},"How to get user input in Python",[165,46599,46600],{},[455,46601,9232],{"href":9154},[165,46603,46604],{},[455,46605,3755,46606,3688],{"href":3052},[15,46607,3055],{},[165,46609,46610],{},[455,46611,3755,46612,3688],{"href":3058},[15,46613,3061],{},[165,46615,46616],{},[455,46617,46090],{"href":46089},[165,46619,46620],{},[455,46621,3755,46623,3688],{"href":46622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46624,46625],{},"print()",[2093,46627,46628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":46630},[46631,46632,46634,46635,46637,46643,46651,46652,46653,46662],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":45093,"depth":72,"text":46633},"What input() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":45322,"depth":72,"text":46636},"What input() returns",{"id":45525,"depth":72,"text":45526,"children":46638},[46639,46640,46642],{"id":45529,"depth":79,"text":45530},{"id":45582,"depth":79,"text":46641},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45653,"depth":79,"text":45654},{"id":45888,"depth":72,"text":45889,"children":46644},[46645,46647,46648,46650],{"id":45897,"depth":79,"text":46646},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45965,"depth":79,"text":45966},{"id":46040,"depth":79,"text":46649},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46093,"depth":79,"text":46094},{"id":46185,"depth":72,"text":46186},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":46654},[46655,46657,46659,46661],{"id":46532,"depth":79,"text":46656},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46546,"depth":79,"text":46658},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46558,"depth":79,"text":46660},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46577,"depth":79,"text":46578},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42369,"description":46663},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46670,"title":42271,"body":46671,"description":48984,"extension":2138,"meta":48985,"navigation":75,"path":48986,"seo":48987,"stem":48988,"__hash__":48989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46672,"toc":48936},[46673,46678,46683,46688,46709,46712,46714,46774,46776,46795,46800,46805,46810,46812,46825,46827,46910,46912,46953,46959,46961,46991,46997,47000,47017,47019,47071,47073,47091,47097,47103,47106,47124,47126,47199,47201,47220,47227,47233,47238,47241,47301,47303,47322,47325,47328,47343,47349,47353,47414,47416,47437,47441,47570,47572,47702,47712,47718,47724,47732,47798,47800,47825,47828,47845,47858,47864,47867,47900,47902,47915,47918,47961,47963,47971,47978,47982,47989,47993,48020,48022,48030,48036,48053,48058,48062,48089,48091,48099,48103,48108,48111,48137,48140,48149,48157,48161,48171,48175,48178,48180,48231,48233,48263,48273,48300,48302,48310,48320,48324,48327,48329,48377,48379,48423,48429,48480,48482,48501,48506,48511,48514,48533,48536,48588,48590,48599,48601,48605,48609,48612,48621,48628,48630,48657,48661,48663,48672,48675,48682,48688,48748,48752,48754,48762,48765,48791,48797,48800,48820,48822,48831,48839,48841,48847,48852,48859,48869,48875,48883,48887,48890,48892,48933],[10,46674,3755,46676,3759],{"id":46675},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46677,3055],{},[20,46679,32492,46680,46682],{},[15,46681,3055],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46684,35581,46685,46687],{},[15,46686,3055],{}," when they want to:",[162,46689,46690,46700,46703,46706],{},[165,46691,46692,46693,46696,46697],{},"turn text like ",[15,46694,46695],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46698,46699],{},"42",[165,46701,46702],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[165,46704,46705],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[165,46707,46708],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46710,46711],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[149,46713,2179],{"id":2178},[38,46715,46717],{"className":40,"code":46716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46718,46719,46737,46751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46720,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46722,83],{"class":82},[47,46724,87],{"class":86},[47,46726,2365],{"class":1570},[47,46728,87],{"class":86},[47,46730,102],{"class":61},[47,46732,46699],{"class":65},[47,46734,102],{"class":61},[47,46736,1879],{"class":86},[47,46738,46739,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46740,83],{"class":82},[47,46742,87],{"class":86},[47,46744,2365],{"class":1570},[47,46746,87],{"class":86},[47,46748,42159],{"class":445},[47,46750,1879],{"class":86},[47,46752,46753,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763,46766,46768,46770,46772],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46754,83],{"class":82},[47,46756,87],{"class":86},[47,46758,2365],{"class":1570},[47,46760,87],{"class":86},[47,46762,102],{"class":61},[47,46764,46765],{"class":65},"101",[47,46767,102],{"class":61},[47,46769,309],{"class":86},[47,46771,1769],{"class":445},[47,46773,1879],{"class":86},[20,46775,814],{},[38,46777,46779],{"className":40,"code":46778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46780,46781,46786,46791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46782,46783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46784,46785],{"class":445},"42\n",[47,46787,46788],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46789,46790],{"class":445},"3\n",[47,46792,46793],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46794,3124],{"class":445},[20,46796,144,46797,46799],{},[15,46798,3055],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[149,46801,152,46803,155],{"id":46802},"what-int-does",[15,46804,3055],{},[20,46806,46807,46809],{},[15,46808,3055],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46811,13230],{},[162,46813,46814,46819,46822],{},[165,46815,46816,46817,7515],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46818,2365],{},[165,46820,46821],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[165,46823,46824],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46826,183],{},[38,46828,46830],{"className":40,"code":46829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46831,46832,46844,46858,46862,46872,46882,46896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46835,54],{"class":53},[47,46837,58],{"class":57},[47,46839,62],{"class":61},[47,46841,9368],{"class":65},[47,46843,69],{"class":61},[47,46845,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46847,2394],{"class":53},[47,46849,58],{"class":57},[47,46851,45449],{"class":1570},[47,46853,87],{"class":86},[47,46855,91],{"class":90},[47,46857,286],{"class":86},[47,46859,46860],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46861,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,46863,46864,46866,46868,46870],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,46865,83],{"class":82},[47,46867,87],{"class":86},[47,46869,91],{"class":90},[47,46871,286],{"class":86},[47,46873,46874,46876,46878,46880],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,46875,83],{"class":82},[47,46877,87],{"class":86},[47,46879,2417],{"class":90},[47,46881,286],{"class":86},[47,46883,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,46885,83],{"class":82},[47,46887,87],{"class":86},[47,46889,1872],{"class":1570},[47,46891,87],{"class":86},[47,46893,91],{"class":90},[47,46895,1879],{"class":86},[47,46897,46898,46900,46902,46904,46906,46908],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,46899,83],{"class":82},[47,46901,87],{"class":86},[47,46903,1872],{"class":1570},[47,46905,87],{"class":86},[47,46907,2417],{"class":90},[47,46909,1879],{"class":86},[20,46911,814],{},[38,46913,46915],{"className":40,"code":46914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46916,46917,46921,46925,46939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46918,46919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46920,2887],{"class":445},[47,46922,46923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46924,2887],{"class":445},[47,46926,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,46928,3468],{"class":57},[47,46930,3471],{"class":2242},[47,46932,3474],{"class":61},[47,46934,3622],{"class":65},[47,46936,3479],{"class":61},[47,46938,3482],{"class":57},[47,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,46942,3468],{"class":57},[47,46944,3471],{"class":2242},[47,46946,3474],{"class":61},[47,46948,2365],{"class":65},[47,46950,3479],{"class":61},[47,46952,3482],{"class":57},[20,46954,46955,46956,46958],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46957,3055],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[149,46960,261],{"id":260},[38,46962,46964],{"className":40,"code":46963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46965,46966,46976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46967,46968,46970,46972,46974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46969,2365],{"class":1570},[47,46971,87],{"class":86},[47,46973,2350],{"class":90},[47,46975,286],{"class":86},[47,46977,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46989],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46979,2365],{"class":1570},[47,46981,87],{"class":86},[47,46983,2350],{"class":90},[47,46985,309],{"class":86},[47,46987,46988],{"class":90}," base",[47,46990,286],{"class":86},[469,46992,46994],{"id":46993},"intx",[15,46995,46996],{},"int(x)",[20,46998,46999],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[162,47001,47002,47007,47012],{},[165,47003,47004,47005],{},"a string such as ",[15,47006,42301],{},[165,47008,47009,47010],{},"a float such as ",[15,47011,42159],{},[165,47013,47014,47015],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47016,31],{},[20,47018,183],{},[38,47020,47022],{"className":40,"code":47021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47023,47024,47042,47057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47025,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47027,83],{"class":82},[47,47029,87],{"class":86},[47,47031,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47033,87],{"class":86},[47,47035,102],{"class":61},[47,47037,2509],{"class":65},[47,47039,102],{"class":61},[47,47041,1879],{"class":86},[47,47043,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47055],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47045,83],{"class":82},[47,47047,87],{"class":86},[47,47049,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47051,87],{"class":86},[47,47053,47054],{"class":445},"8.7",[47,47056,1879],{"class":86},[47,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47060,83],{"class":82},[47,47062,87],{"class":86},[47,47064,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47066,87],{"class":86},[47,47068,31],{"class":4032},[47,47070,1879],{"class":86},[20,47072,814],{},[38,47074,47076],{"className":40,"code":47075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47077,47078,47082,47086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47079,47080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47081,2555],{"class":445},[47,47083,47084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47085,2560],{"class":445},[47,47087,47088],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47089,47090],{"class":445},"1\n",[469,47092,47094],{"id":47093},"intx-base",[15,47095,47096],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47098,47099,47100,47102],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47101,2350],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47104,47105],{},"Common bases:",[162,47107,47108,47113,47118],{},[165,47109,47110,47112],{},[15,47111,2233],{}," for binary",[165,47114,47115,47117],{},[15,47116,2524],{}," for octal",[165,47119,47120,47123],{},[15,47121,47122],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47125,183],{},[38,47127,47129],{"className":40,"code":47128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47130,47131,47153,47176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47132,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149,47151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47134,83],{"class":82},[47,47136,87],{"class":86},[47,47138,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47140,87],{"class":86},[47,47142,102],{"class":61},[47,47144,46765],{"class":65},[47,47146,102],{"class":61},[47,47148,309],{"class":86},[47,47150,1769],{"class":445},[47,47152,1879],{"class":86},[47,47154,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165,47168,47170,47172,47174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47156,83],{"class":82},[47,47158,87],{"class":86},[47,47160,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47162,87],{"class":86},[47,47164,102],{"class":61},[47,47166,47167],{"class":65},"17",[47,47169,102],{"class":61},[47,47171,309],{"class":86},[47,47173,943],{"class":445},[47,47175,1879],{"class":86},[47,47177,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47191,47193,47195,47197],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47179,83],{"class":82},[47,47181,87],{"class":86},[47,47183,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47185,87],{"class":86},[47,47187,102],{"class":61},[47,47189,47190],{"class":65},"1A",[47,47192,102],{"class":61},[47,47194,309],{"class":86},[47,47196,14167],{"class":445},[47,47198,1879],{"class":86},[20,47200,814],{},[38,47202,47204],{"className":40,"code":47203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47205,47206,47210,47215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47207,47208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47209,3124],{"class":445},[47,47211,47212],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47213,47214],{"class":445},"15\n",[47,47216,47217],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47218,47219],{"class":445},"26\n",[20,47221,47222,47223,94],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[455,47224,47225,2481],{"href":3058},[15,47226,3061],{},[149,47228,831,47230,47232],{"id":47229},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47231,3055],{}," with strings",[20,47234,47235,47237],{},[15,47236,3055],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47239,47240],{},"Examples that work:",[38,47242,47244],{"className":40,"code":47243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47245,47246,47264,47282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47247,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47249,83],{"class":82},[47,47251,87],{"class":86},[47,47253,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47255,87],{"class":86},[47,47257,102],{"class":61},[47,47259,2313],{"class":65},[47,47261,102],{"class":61},[47,47263,1879],{"class":86},[47,47265,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47267,83],{"class":82},[47,47269,87],{"class":86},[47,47271,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47273,87],{"class":86},[47,47275,102],{"class":61},[47,47277,2470],{"class":65},[47,47279,102],{"class":61},[47,47281,1879],{"class":86},[47,47283,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294,47297,47299],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47285,83],{"class":82},[47,47287,87],{"class":86},[47,47289,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47291,87],{"class":86},[47,47293,102],{"class":61},[47,47295,47296],{"class":65},"  42  ",[47,47298,102],{"class":61},[47,47300,1879],{"class":86},[20,47302,814],{},[38,47304,47306],{"className":40,"code":47305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47307,47308,47312,47318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47309,47310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47311,3124],{"class":445},[47,47313,47314,47316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47315,2198],{"class":57},[47,47317,2402],{"class":445},[47,47319,47320],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47321,46785],{"class":445},[20,47323,47324],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47326,47327],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,47329,47331],{"className":40,"code":47330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47332,47333,47338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47334,47335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47336,47337],{"class":113},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47339,47340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47341,47342],{"class":113},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47344,47345,47346,47348],{},"These raise ",[15,47347,40879],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[469,47350,47352],{"id":47351},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,47354,47356],{"className":40,"code":47355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47357,47358,47376,47395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47359,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47361,83],{"class":82},[47,47363,87],{"class":86},[47,47365,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47367,87],{"class":86},[47,47369,102],{"class":61},[47,47371,1721],{"class":65},[47,47373,102],{"class":61},[47,47375,1879],{"class":86},[47,47377,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47391,47393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47379,83],{"class":82},[47,47381,87],{"class":86},[47,47383,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47385,87],{"class":86},[47,47387,102],{"class":61},[47,47389,47390],{"class":65},"+7",[47,47392,102],{"class":61},[47,47394,1879],{"class":86},[47,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47410,47412],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47398,83],{"class":82},[47,47400,87],{"class":86},[47,47402,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47404,87],{"class":86},[47,47406,102],{"class":61},[47,47408,47409],{"class":65},"-100",[47,47411,102],{"class":61},[47,47413,1879],{"class":86},[20,47415,814],{},[38,47417,47419],{"className":40,"code":47418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47420,47421,47426,47430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47422,47423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47424,47425],{"class":445},"0\n",[47,47427,47428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47429,2257],{"class":445},[47,47431,47432,47434],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47433,2198],{"class":57},[47,47435,47436],{"class":445},"100\n",[469,47438,47440],{"id":47439},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,47442,47444],{"className":40,"code":47443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47445,47446,47484,47488,47500,47507,47522,47537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47447,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47480,47482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47449,4003],{"class":53},[47,47451,58],{"class":57},[47,47453,3803],{"class":86},[47,47455,102],{"class":61},[47,47457,40318],{"class":65},[47,47459,102],{"class":61},[47,47461,309],{"class":86},[47,47463,62],{"class":61},[47,47465,47466],{"class":65},"12abc",[47,47468,102],{"class":61},[47,47470,309],{"class":86},[47,47472,6306],{"class":61},[47,47474,309],{"class":86},[47,47476,62],{"class":61},[47,47478,47479],{"class":65},"seven",[47,47481,102],{"class":61},[47,47483,3816],{"class":86},[47,47485,47486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47487,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,47489,47490,47492,47494,47496,47498],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47491,6137],{"class":752},[47,47493,21761],{"class":53},[47,47495,1613],{"class":752},[47,47497,4065],{"class":53},[47,47499,795],{"class":86},[47,47501,47502,47505],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,47503,47504],{"class":752},"    try",[47,47506,795],{"class":86},[47,47508,47509,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,47510,47511],{"class":82},"        print",[47,47513,87],{"class":86},[47,47515,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47517,87],{"class":86},[47,47519,1587],{"class":90},[47,47521,1879],{"class":86},[47,47523,47524,47527,47529,47532,47535],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,47525,47526],{"class":752},"    except",[47,47528,42101],{"class":1570},[47,47530,47531],{"class":752}," as",[47,47533,47534],{"class":53}," error",[47,47536,795],{"class":86},[47,47538,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47554,47556,47559,47561,47564,47566,47568],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,47540,47511],{"class":82},[47,47542,87],{"class":86},[47,47544,22471],{"class":2242},[47,47546,102],{"class":65},[47,47548,9452],{"class":445},[47,47550,1587],{"class":90},[47,47552,47553],{"class":2242},"!r",[47,47555,22480],{"class":445},[47,47557,47558],{"class":65}," -> ",[47,47560,9452],{"class":445},[47,47562,47563],{"class":90},"error",[47,47565,22480],{"class":445},[47,47567,102],{"class":65},[47,47569,286],{"class":86},[20,47571,814],{},[38,47573,47575],{"className":40,"code":47574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47576,47577,47613,47645,47670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47578,47579,47581,47583,47585,47588,47591,47593,47595,47597,47600,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47580,3479],{"class":43502},[47,47582,40318],{"class":43506},[47,47584,3479],{"class":43502},[47,47586,47587],{"class":37542}," ->",[47,47589,47590],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47592,6137],{"class":752},[47,47594,45449],{"class":1570},[47,47596,7541],{"class":86},[47,47598,47599],{"class":752}," with",[47,47601,47602],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47604,2509],{"class":445},[47,47606,3062],{"class":86},[47,47608,3474],{"class":61},[47,47610,40318],{"class":65},[47,47612,29876],{"class":61},[47,47614,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47616,3479],{"class":61},[47,47618,47466],{"class":65},[47,47620,3479],{"class":61},[47,47622,47587],{"class":37542},[47,47624,47590],{"class":53},[47,47626,6137],{"class":752},[47,47628,45449],{"class":1570},[47,47630,7541],{"class":86},[47,47632,47599],{"class":752},[47,47634,47602],{"class":53},[47,47636,2509],{"class":445},[47,47638,3062],{"class":86},[47,47640,3474],{"class":61},[47,47642,47466],{"class":65},[47,47644,29876],{"class":61},[47,47646,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47648,3953],{"class":61},[47,47650,47587],{"class":37542},[47,47652,47590],{"class":53},[47,47654,6137],{"class":752},[47,47656,45449],{"class":1570},[47,47658,7541],{"class":86},[47,47660,47599],{"class":752},[47,47662,47602],{"class":53},[47,47664,2509],{"class":445},[47,47666,3062],{"class":86},[47,47668,47669],{"class":61}," ''\n",[47,47671,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,47673,3479],{"class":61},[47,47675,47479],{"class":65},[47,47677,3479],{"class":61},[47,47679,47587],{"class":37542},[47,47681,47590],{"class":53},[47,47683,6137],{"class":752},[47,47685,45449],{"class":1570},[47,47687,7541],{"class":86},[47,47689,47599],{"class":752},[47,47691,47602],{"class":53},[47,47693,2509],{"class":445},[47,47695,3062],{"class":86},[47,47697,3474],{"class":61},[47,47699,47479],{"class":65},[47,47701,29876],{"class":61},[20,47703,47704,47705,47707,47708,94],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[455,47706,9155],{"href":9154}," and the ",[455,47709,47710,2481],{"href":8395},[15,47711,3135],{},[149,47713,831,47715,47717],{"id":47714},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47716,3055],{}," with floats",[20,47719,47720,47721,47723],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47722,3055],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47725,47726,47727,14233,47729,47731],{},"Important: ",[15,47728,3055],{},[3922,47730,4813],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,47733,47735],{"className":40,"code":47734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47736,47737,47751,47766,47782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47738,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47740,83],{"class":82},[47,47742,87],{"class":86},[47,47744,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47746,87],{"class":86},[47,47748,42159],{"class":445},[47,47750,1879],{"class":86},[47,47752,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47754,83],{"class":82},[47,47756,87],{"class":86},[47,47758,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47760,87],{"class":86},[47,47762,47763],{"class":445},"3.1",[47,47765,1879],{"class":86},[47,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778,47780],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47769,83],{"class":82},[47,47771,87],{"class":86},[47,47773,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47775,87],{"class":86},[47,47777,2198],{"class":57},[47,47779,42159],{"class":445},[47,47781,1879],{"class":86},[47,47783,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,47785,83],{"class":82},[47,47787,87],{"class":86},[47,47789,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47791,87],{"class":86},[47,47793,2198],{"class":57},[47,47795,47763],{"class":445},[47,47797,1879],{"class":86},[20,47799,814],{},[38,47801,47803],{"className":40,"code":47802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47804,47805,47809,47813,47819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47806,47807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47808,46790],{"class":445},[47,47810,47811],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47812,46790],{"class":445},[47,47814,47815,47817],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47816,2198],{"class":57},[47,47818,46790],{"class":445},[47,47820,47821,47823],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,47822,2198],{"class":57},[47,47824,46790],{"class":445},[20,47826,47827],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[162,47829,47830,47837],{},[165,47831,47832,42330,47835],{},[15,47833,47834],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47836,2239],{},[165,47838,47839,42330,47842],{},[15,47840,47841],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47843,47844],{},"-3",[20,47846,47847,47848,47852,47853,94],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[455,47849,47850],{"href":3058},[15,47851,3061],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[455,47854,47855],{"href":42350},[15,47856,47857],{},"str()",[149,47859,831,47861,47863],{"id":47860},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47862,3055],{}," with booleans",[20,47865,47866],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,47868,47870],{"className":40,"code":47869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47871,47872,47886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47873,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47875,83],{"class":82},[47,47877,87],{"class":86},[47,47879,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47881,87],{"class":86},[47,47883,31],{"class":4032},[47,47885,1879],{"class":86},[47,47887,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47889,83],{"class":82},[47,47891,87],{"class":86},[47,47893,2365],{"class":1570},[47,47895,87],{"class":86},[47,47897,35],{"class":4032},[47,47899,1879],{"class":86},[20,47901,814],{},[38,47903,47905],{"className":40,"code":47904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,47906,47907,47911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47908,47909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47910,47090],{"class":445},[47,47912,47913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47914,47425],{"class":445},[20,47916,47917],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,47919,47921],{"className":40,"code":47920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47922,47923,47932,47947,47951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47924,47925,47928,47930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47926,47927],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,47929,58],{"class":57},[47,47931,6601],{"class":4032},[47,47933,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942,47945],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47935,41357],{"class":53},[47,47937,58],{"class":57},[47,47939,45449],{"class":1570},[47,47941,87],{"class":86},[47,47943,47944],{"class":90},"passed",[47,47946,286],{"class":86},[47,47948,47949],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,47950,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,47952,47953,47955,47957,47959],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,47954,83],{"class":82},[47,47956,87],{"class":86},[47,47958,41386],{"class":90},[47,47960,286],{"class":86},[20,47962,814],{},[38,47964,47965],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47966,47967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47968,47969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47970,47090],{"class":445},[20,47972,47973,47974,94],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[455,47975,47976,2481],{"href":5959},[15,47977,3993],{},[149,47979,47981],{"id":47980},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47983,47984,47985,47988],{},"Use the ",[15,47986,47987],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[469,47990,47992],{"id":47991},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,47994,47996],{"className":40,"code":47995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47997,47998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47999,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48001,83],{"class":82},[47,48003,87],{"class":86},[47,48005,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48007,87],{"class":86},[47,48009,102],{"class":61},[47,48011,46765],{"class":65},[47,48013,102],{"class":61},[47,48015,309],{"class":86},[47,48017,1769],{"class":445},[47,48019,1879],{"class":86},[20,48021,814],{},[38,48023,48024],{"className":40,"code":3124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48025,48026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48027,48028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48029,3124],{"class":445},[20,48031,48032,48035],{},[15,48033,48034],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[162,48037,48038,48043,48048],{},[165,48039,48040],{},[15,48041,48042],{},"1 × 4",[165,48044,48045],{},[15,48046,48047],{},"0 × 2",[165,48049,48050],{},[15,48051,48052],{},"1 × 1",[20,48054,48055,48056,94],{},"So the result is ",[15,48057,2313],{},[469,48059,48061],{"id":48060},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,48063,48065],{"className":40,"code":48064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48066,48067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48070,83],{"class":82},[47,48072,87],{"class":86},[47,48074,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48076,87],{"class":86},[47,48078,102],{"class":61},[47,48080,47190],{"class":65},[47,48082,102],{"class":61},[47,48084,309],{"class":86},[47,48086,14167],{"class":445},[47,48088,1879],{"class":86},[20,48090,814],{},[38,48092,48093],{"className":40,"code":47219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48096,48097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48098,47219],{"class":445},[469,48100,48102],{"id":48101},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48104,842,48105,48107],{},[15,48106,47987],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48109,48110],{},"Good:",[38,48112,48113],{"className":40,"code":47995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48114,48115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48116,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48118,83],{"class":82},[47,48120,87],{"class":86},[47,48122,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48124,87],{"class":86},[47,48126,102],{"class":61},[47,48128,46765],{"class":65},[47,48130,102],{"class":61},[47,48132,309],{"class":86},[47,48134,1769],{"class":445},[47,48136,1879],{"class":86},[20,48138,48139],{},"Not correct:",[38,48141,48143],{"className":40,"code":48142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48144,48145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48146,48147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48148,48142],{"class":113},[20,48150,48151,48152,8777,48154,48156],{},"That causes a ",[15,48153,3182],{},[15,48155,47987],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[149,48158,48160],{"id":48159},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48162,48163,48164,48166,48167,837,48169,94],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48165,3055],{}," are ",[15,48168,40879],{},[15,48170,3182],{},[469,48172,48173],{"id":41688},[15,48174,40879],{},[20,48176,48177],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48179,183],{},[38,48181,48183],{"className":40,"code":48182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48184,48185,48191,48209,48221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48186,48187,48189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48188,29980],{"class":752},[47,48190,795],{"class":86},[47,48192,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48207],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48194,776],{"class":82},[47,48196,87],{"class":86},[47,48198,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48200,87],{"class":86},[47,48202,102],{"class":61},[47,48204,40318],{"class":65},[47,48206,102],{"class":61},[47,48208,1879],{"class":86},[47,48210,48211,48213,48215,48217,48219],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,48212,30011],{"class":752},[47,48214,42101],{"class":1570},[47,48216,47531],{"class":752},[47,48218,47534],{"class":53},[47,48220,795],{"class":86},[47,48222,48223,48225,48227,48229],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,48224,776],{"class":82},[47,48226,87],{"class":86},[47,48228,47563],{"class":90},[47,48230,286],{"class":86},[20,48232,814],{},[38,48234,48236],{"className":40,"code":48235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48237,48238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48239,48240,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48241,48242],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,48244,6137],{"class":752},[47,48246,45449],{"class":1570},[47,48248,7541],{"class":86},[47,48250,47599],{"class":752},[47,48252,47602],{"class":53},[47,48254,2509],{"class":445},[47,48256,3062],{"class":86},[47,48258,3474],{"class":61},[47,48260,40318],{"class":65},[47,48262,29876],{"class":61},[20,48264,48265,48266,48269,48270,48272],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48267,48268],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48271,3055],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,48274,48276],{"className":40,"code":48275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48277,48278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48279,48280,48282,48284,48286,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48281,83],{"class":82},[47,48283,87],{"class":86},[47,48285,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48287,87],{"class":86},[47,48289,2369],{"class":1570},[47,48291,87],{"class":86},[47,48293,102],{"class":61},[47,48295,40318],{"class":65},[47,48297,102],{"class":61},[47,48299,1958],{"class":86},[20,48301,814],{},[38,48303,48304],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48305,48306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48307,48308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48309,46790],{"class":445},[20,48311,48312,48313,837,48316,94],{},"If you see this often, read ",[455,48314,48315],{"href":3139},"how to convert string to int in Python",[455,48317,25857,48318],{"href":46089},[15,48319,46090],{},[469,48321,48322],{"id":41754},[15,48323,3182],{},[20,48325,48326],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48328,183],{},[38,48330,48332],{"className":40,"code":48331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48333,48334,48340,48354,48367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48335,48336,48338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48337,29980],{"class":752},[47,48339,795],{"class":86},[47,48341,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350,48352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48343,776],{"class":82},[47,48345,87],{"class":86},[47,48347,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48349,87],{"class":86},[47,48351,3958],{"class":4032},[47,48353,1879],{"class":86},[47,48355,48356,48358,48361,48363,48365],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,48357,30011],{"class":752},[47,48359,48360],{"class":1570}," TypeError",[47,48362,47531],{"class":752},[47,48364,47534],{"class":53},[47,48366,795],{"class":86},[47,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,48370,776],{"class":82},[47,48372,87],{"class":86},[47,48374,47563],{"class":90},[47,48376,286],{"class":86},[20,48378,814],{},[38,48380,48382],{"className":40,"code":48381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48383,48384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48385,48386,48388,48390,48393,48395,48397,48400,48402,48405,48407,48410,48412,48414,48416,48418,48421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48387,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48389,7541],{"class":86},[47,48391,48392],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48394,309],{"class":86},[47,48396,44717],{"class":53},[47,48398,48399],{"class":1570},"bytes",[47,48401,2198],{"class":57},[47,48403,48404],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48406,42573],{"class":1570},[47,48408,48409],{"class":57}," or",[47,48411,41014],{"class":53},[47,48413,309],{"class":86},[47,48415,8275],{"class":57},[47,48417,3474],{"class":61},[47,48419,48420],{"class":65},"NoneType",[47,48422,29876],{"class":61},[20,48424,48425,48426,48428],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48427,47987],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,48430,48432],{"className":40,"code":48431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48433,48434,48440,48458,48470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48435,48436,48438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48437,29980],{"class":752},[47,48439,795],{"class":86},[47,48441,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450,48452,48454,48456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48443,776],{"class":82},[47,48445,87],{"class":86},[47,48447,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48449,87],{"class":86},[47,48451,46765],{"class":445},[47,48453,309],{"class":86},[47,48455,1769],{"class":445},[47,48457,1879],{"class":86},[47,48459,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,48461,30011],{"class":752},[47,48463,48360],{"class":1570},[47,48465,47531],{"class":752},[47,48467,47534],{"class":53},[47,48469,795],{"class":86},[47,48471,48472,48474,48476,48478],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,48473,776],{"class":82},[47,48475,87],{"class":86},[47,48477,47563],{"class":90},[47,48479,286],{"class":86},[20,48481,814],{},[38,48483,48485],{"className":40,"code":48484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48486,48487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48488,48489,48491,48493,48496,48498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48490,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48492,7541],{"class":86},[47,48494,48495],{"class":53}," can",[47,48497,3479],{"class":61},[47,48499,48500],{"class":65},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[149,48502,1321,48504],{"id":48503},"when-to-use-int",[15,48505,3055],{},[20,48507,144,48508,48510],{},[15,48509,3055],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48512,48513],{},"Common uses:",[162,48515,48516,48522,48525,48528],{},[165,48517,48518,48519,48521],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48520,3135],{}," into integers",[165,48523,48524],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[165,48526,48527],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[165,48529,48530,48531,36791],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48532,47987],{},[20,48534,48535],{},"Example with user input:",[38,48537,48539],{"className":40,"code":48538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48540,48541,48555,48570,48574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48542,48543,48546,48548,48550,48553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48544,48545],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48547,58],{"class":57},[47,48549,62],{"class":61},[47,48551,48552],{"class":65},"18",[47,48554,69],{"class":61},[47,48556,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565,48568],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48558,21805],{"class":53},[47,48560,58],{"class":57},[47,48562,45449],{"class":1570},[47,48564,87],{"class":86},[47,48566,48567],{"class":90},"age_text",[47,48569,286],{"class":86},[47,48571,48572],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,48573,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,48575,48576,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,48577,83],{"class":82},[47,48579,87],{"class":86},[47,48581,21805],{"class":90},[47,48583,2236],{"class":57},[47,48585,5677],{"class":445},[47,48587,286],{"class":86},[20,48589,814],{},[38,48591,48593],{"className":40,"code":48592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,48594,48595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48596,48597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48598,48592],{"class":445},[149,48600,1425],{"id":1424},[20,48602,14913,48603,94],{},[15,48604,3055],{},[469,48606,48608],{"id":48607},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48610,48611],{},"This fails:",[38,48613,48615],{"className":40,"code":48614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48616,48617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48618,48619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48620,48614],{"class":113},[20,48622,48623,48624,48627],{},"Why: ",[15,48625,48626],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48629,19019],{},[38,48631,48633],{"className":40,"code":48632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48634,48635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48636,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48638,83],{"class":82},[47,48640,87],{"class":86},[47,48642,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48644,87],{"class":86},[47,48646,2369],{"class":1570},[47,48648,87],{"class":86},[47,48650,102],{"class":61},[47,48652,41298],{"class":65},[47,48654,102],{"class":61},[47,48656,1958],{"class":86},[469,48658,48660],{"id":48659},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48662,48611],{},[38,48664,48666],{"className":40,"code":48665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48667,48668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48669,48670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48671,48665],{"class":113},[20,48673,48674],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[469,48676,48678,48679],{"id":48677},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48680,48681],{},"int(None)",[20,48683,48684,48685,48687],{},"This fails because ",[15,48686,3958],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,48689,48691],{"className":40,"code":48690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48692,48693,48702,48706,48712,48726,48738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48694,48695,48697,48699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48696,1535],{"class":53},[47,48698,58],{"class":57},[47,48700,48701],{"class":4032}," None\n",[47,48703,48704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48705,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,48707,48708,48710],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,48709,29980],{"class":752},[47,48711,795],{"class":86},[47,48713,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,48715,776],{"class":82},[47,48717,87],{"class":86},[47,48719,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48721,87],{"class":86},[47,48723,1587],{"class":90},[47,48725,1879],{"class":86},[47,48727,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,48729,30011],{"class":752},[47,48731,48360],{"class":1570},[47,48733,47531],{"class":752},[47,48735,47534],{"class":53},[47,48737,795],{"class":86},[47,48739,48740,48742,48744,48746],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,48741,776],{"class":82},[47,48743,87],{"class":86},[47,48745,47563],{"class":90},[47,48747,286],{"class":86},[469,48749,48751],{"id":48750},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48753,48611],{},[38,48755,48756],{"className":40,"code":48142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48757,48758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48759,48760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48761,48142],{"class":113},[20,48763,48764],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,48766,48767],{"className":40,"code":47995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48768,48769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48770,48771,48773,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787,48789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48772,83],{"class":82},[47,48774,87],{"class":86},[47,48776,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48778,87],{"class":86},[47,48780,102],{"class":61},[47,48782,46765],{"class":65},[47,48784,102],{"class":61},[47,48786,309],{"class":86},[47,48788,1769],{"class":445},[47,48790,1879],{"class":86},[469,48792,8628,48794,48796],{"id":48793},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48795,3055],{}," to round",[20,48798,48799],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,48801,48803],{"className":40,"code":48802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48804,48805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48806,48807,48809,48811,48813,48815,48818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48808,83],{"class":82},[47,48810,87],{"class":86},[47,48812,2365],{"class":1570},[47,48814,87],{"class":86},[47,48816,48817],{"class":445},"4.9",[47,48819,1879],{"class":86},[20,48821,814],{},[38,48823,48825],{"className":40,"code":48824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,48826,48827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48828,48829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48830,48824],{"class":445},[20,48832,3347,48833,48835,48836,48838],{},[15,48834,2313],{},", remember that ",[15,48837,3055],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[149,48840,1962],{"id":1961},[469,48842,1966,48844,48846],{"id":48843},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48845,3055],{}," round numbers?",[20,48848,46538,48849,48851],{},[15,48850,3055],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[469,48853,5338,48855,48858],{"id":48854},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48856,48857],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48860,29238,48861,48863,48864,48866,48867,40104],{},[15,48862,48268],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48865,3061],{}," first, then use ",[15,48868,3055],{},[469,48870,5323,48872,12893],{"id":48871},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48873,48874],{},"int(True)",[20,48876,170,48877,28491,48879,42330,48881,94],{},[15,48878,1598],{},[15,48880,35],{},[15,48882,1721],{},[469,48884,48886],{"id":48885},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48888,48889],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[149,48891,2062],{"id":2061},[162,48893,48894,48900,48906,48912,48917,48921,48927],{},[165,48895,48896],{},[455,48897,48898,3688],{"href":3058},[15,48899,3061],{},[165,48901,48902],{},[455,48903,48904,3688],{"href":42350},[15,48905,47857],{},[165,48907,48908],{},[455,48909,48910,3688],{"href":5959},[15,48911,3993],{},[165,48913,48914],{},[455,48915,48916],{"href":3139},"How to convert string to int in Python",[165,48918,48919],{},[455,48920,9232],{"href":9154},[165,48922,48923],{},[455,48924,48925,3688],{"href":8395},[15,48926,3135],{},[165,48928,48929],{},[455,48930,30524,48931],{"href":46089},[15,48932,46090],{},[2093,48934,48935],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":48937},[48938,48939,48941,48945,48950,48952,48954,48959,48963,48965,48974,48983],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":46802,"depth":72,"text":48940},"What int() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":48942},[48943,48944],{"id":46993,"depth":79,"text":46996},{"id":47093,"depth":79,"text":47096},{"id":47229,"depth":72,"text":48946,"children":48947},"Using int() with strings",[48948,48949],{"id":47351,"depth":79,"text":47352},{"id":47439,"depth":79,"text":47440},{"id":47714,"depth":72,"text":48951},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47860,"depth":72,"text":48953},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47980,"depth":72,"text":47981,"children":48955},[48956,48957,48958],{"id":47991,"depth":79,"text":47992},{"id":48060,"depth":79,"text":48061},{"id":48101,"depth":79,"text":48102},{"id":48159,"depth":72,"text":48160,"children":48960},[48961,48962],{"id":41688,"depth":79,"text":40879},{"id":41754,"depth":79,"text":3182},{"id":48503,"depth":72,"text":48964},"When to use int()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":48966},[48967,48968,48969,48971,48972],{"id":48607,"depth":79,"text":48608},{"id":48659,"depth":79,"text":48660},{"id":48677,"depth":79,"text":48970},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48750,"depth":79,"text":48751},{"id":48793,"depth":79,"text":48973},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":48975},[48976,48978,48980,48982],{"id":48843,"depth":79,"text":48977},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48854,"depth":79,"text":48979},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48871,"depth":79,"text":48981},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48885,"depth":79,"text":48886},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42271,"description":48984},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48991,"title":48992,"body":48993,"description":50826,"extension":2138,"meta":50827,"navigation":75,"path":44975,"seo":50828,"stem":50829,"__hash__":50830},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48994,"toc":50782},[48995,49000,49005,49013,49022,49024,49082,49088,49093,49098,49101,49129,49132,49135,49146,49156,49158,49160,49180,49184,49212,49214,49253,49255,49263,49265,49268,49272,49325,49327,49339,49343,49400,49402,49414,49420,49426,49430,49433,49436,49502,49504,49516,49521,49523,49575,49578,49619,49622,49629,49638,49644,49647,49680,49686,49689,49720,49726,49729,49741,49745,49750,49754,49912,49914,49929,49932,49936,50040,50042,50059,50063,50124,50126,50134,50137,50141,50208,50210,50219,50225,50227,50236,50238,50273,50278,50280,50310,50314,50316,50353,50356,50358,50395,50401,50403,50452,50454,50462,50472,50478,50482,50487,50536,50538,50551,50554,50556,50559,50634,50637,50656,50659,50689,50699,50701,50706,50713,50719,50725,50732,50740,50746,50749,50751,50779],[10,48996,3755,48998,3759],{"id":48997},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48999,44978],{},[20,49001,49002,49004],{},[15,49003,44978],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49006,49007,49008,32,49010,49012],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49009,31],{},[15,49011,35],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49014,49015,49016,49018,49019,49021],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49017,44978],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49020,2480],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[149,49023,3788],{"id":3787},[38,49025,49027],{"className":40,"code":49026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49028,49029,49037,49041,49062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49030,49031,49033,49035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49032,1535],{"class":53},[47,49034,58],{"class":57},[47,49036,2765],{"class":445},[47,49038,49039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49040,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49042,49043,49045,49047,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49044,83],{"class":82},[47,49046,87],{"class":86},[47,49048,49049],{"class":82},"isinstance",[47,49051,87],{"class":86},[47,49053,1587],{"class":90},[47,49055,309],{"class":86},[47,49057,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49059,110],{"class":86},[47,49061,114],{"class":113},[47,49063,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49065,83],{"class":82},[47,49067,87],{"class":86},[47,49069,49049],{"class":82},[47,49071,87],{"class":86},[47,49073,1587],{"class":90},[47,49075,309],{"class":86},[47,49077,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49079,110],{"class":86},[47,49081,257],{"class":113},[20,49083,144,49084,49087],{},[15,49085,49086],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[149,49089,152,49091,155],{"id":49090},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49092,44978],{},[20,49094,49095,49097],{},[15,49096,44978],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49099,49100],{},"It:",[162,49102,49103,49106,49112,49115],{},[165,49104,49105],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[165,49107,11599,49108,32,49110],{},[15,49109,31],{},[15,49111,35],{},[165,49113,49114],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[165,49116,49117,49118,2366,49120,2366,49122,2366,49124,17251,49127],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49119,3622],{},[15,49121,2365],{},[15,49123,8269],{},[15,49125,49126],{},"tuple",[15,49128,8995],{},[20,49130,49131],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49133,49134],{},"For example, you might want to:",[162,49136,49137,49140,49143],{},[165,49138,49139],{},"loop through a list",[165,49141,49142],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[165,49144,49145],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49147,49148,49149,32,49152,94],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[455,49150,44970],{"href":49151},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[455,49153,49155],{"href":49154},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[149,49157,261],{"id":260},[20,49159,2336],{},[38,49161,49163],{"className":40,"code":49162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49164,49165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49166,49167,49169,49171,49173,49175,49178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49168,49049],{"class":82},[47,49170,87],{"class":86},[47,49172,42573],{"class":1570},[47,49174,309],{"class":86},[47,49176,49177],{"class":90}," classinfo",[47,49179,286],{"class":86},[469,49181,49183],{"id":49182},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[162,49185,49186,49191,49205],{},[165,49187,49188,49190],{},[15,49189,42573],{}," is the value you want to test",[165,49192,49193,49196,49197,2366,49199,2366,49201,2370,49203],{},[15,49194,49195],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49198,2365],{},[15,49200,3622],{},[15,49202,8269],{},[15,49204,8995],{},[165,49206,49207,49208,32,49210],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49209,31],{},[15,49211,35],{},[20,49213,183],{},[38,49215,49217],{"className":40,"code":49216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49218,49219,49231,49235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49220,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49222,193],{"class":53},[47,49224,58],{"class":57},[47,49226,62],{"class":61},[47,49228,11685],{"class":65},[47,49230,69],{"class":61},[47,49232,49233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49234,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49236,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49238,83],{"class":82},[47,49240,87],{"class":86},[47,49242,49049],{"class":82},[47,49244,87],{"class":86},[47,49246,214],{"class":90},[47,49248,309],{"class":86},[47,49250,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49252,1879],{"class":86},[20,49254,814],{},[38,49256,49257],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49258,49259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49260,49261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49262,4160],{"class":4032},[149,49264,11651],{"id":11650},[20,49266,49267],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[469,49269,49271],{"id":49270},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,49273,49275],{"className":40,"code":49274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49276,49277,49285,49289,49307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49278,49279,49281,49283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49280,1535],{"class":53},[47,49282,58],{"class":57},[47,49284,45398],{"class":445},[47,49286,49287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49288,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49290,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49292,83],{"class":82},[47,49294,87],{"class":86},[47,49296,49049],{"class":82},[47,49298,87],{"class":86},[47,49300,1587],{"class":90},[47,49302,309],{"class":86},[47,49304,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49306,1879],{"class":86},[47,49308,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49310,83],{"class":82},[47,49312,87],{"class":86},[47,49314,49049],{"class":82},[47,49316,87],{"class":86},[47,49318,1587],{"class":90},[47,49320,309],{"class":86},[47,49322,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49324,1879],{"class":86},[20,49326,814],{},[38,49328,49329],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49330,49331,49335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49332,49333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49334,4160],{"class":4032},[47,49336,49337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49338,4221],{"class":4032},[469,49340,49342],{"id":49341},"check-text","Check text",[38,49344,49346],{"className":40,"code":49345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49347,49348,49360,49364,49382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49349,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49351,54],{"class":53},[47,49353,58],{"class":57},[47,49355,62],{"class":61},[47,49357,386],{"class":65},[47,49359,69],{"class":61},[47,49361,49362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49363,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49365,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49367,83],{"class":82},[47,49369,87],{"class":86},[47,49371,49049],{"class":82},[47,49373,87],{"class":86},[47,49375,91],{"class":90},[47,49377,309],{"class":86},[47,49379,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49381,1879],{"class":86},[47,49383,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49385,83],{"class":82},[47,49387,87],{"class":86},[47,49389,49049],{"class":82},[47,49391,87],{"class":86},[47,49393,91],{"class":90},[47,49395,309],{"class":86},[47,49397,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49399,1879],{"class":86},[20,49401,814],{},[38,49403,49404],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49405,49406,49410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49407,49408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49409,4160],{"class":4032},[47,49411,49412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49413,4221],{"class":4032},[20,49415,49416,49417,49419],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49418,44978],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49421,49422,49423,94],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[455,49424,49425],{"href":3139},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[149,49427,49429],{"id":49428},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49431,49432],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49434,49435],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,49437,49439],{"className":40,"code":49438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49440,49441,49450,49454,49478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49442,49443,49445,49447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49444,1535],{"class":53},[47,49446,58],{"class":57},[47,49448,49449],{"class":445}," 3.5\n",[47,49451,49452],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49453,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49455,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49457,83],{"class":82},[47,49459,87],{"class":86},[47,49461,49049],{"class":82},[47,49463,87],{"class":86},[47,49465,1587],{"class":90},[47,49467,309],{"class":86},[47,49469,1067],{"class":86},[47,49471,2365],{"class":1570},[47,49473,309],{"class":86},[47,49475,40430],{"class":1570},[47,49477,1958],{"class":86},[47,49479,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49481,83],{"class":82},[47,49483,87],{"class":86},[47,49485,49049],{"class":82},[47,49487,87],{"class":86},[47,49489,1587],{"class":90},[47,49491,309],{"class":86},[47,49493,1067],{"class":86},[47,49495,3622],{"class":1570},[47,49497,309],{"class":86},[47,49499,22737],{"class":1570},[47,49501,1958],{"class":86},[20,49503,814],{},[38,49505,49506],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49507,49508,49512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49509,49510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49511,4160],{"class":4032},[47,49513,49514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49515,4221],{"class":4032},[20,49517,49518,49519,1006],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49520,1005],{},[20,49522,8474],{},[38,49524,49526],{"className":40,"code":49525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49527,49528,49536,49540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49529,49530,49532,49534],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49531,1535],{"class":53},[47,49533,58],{"class":57},[47,49535,49449],{"class":445},[47,49537,49538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49539,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49541,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49543,83],{"class":82},[47,49545,87],{"class":86},[47,49547,1872],{"class":1570},[47,49549,87],{"class":86},[47,49551,1587],{"class":90},[47,49553,1696],{"class":86},[47,49555,6587],{"class":57},[47,49557,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49559,48409],{"class":752},[47,49561,49562],{"class":1570}," type",[47,49564,87],{"class":86},[47,49566,1587],{"class":90},[47,49568,1696],{"class":86},[47,49570,6587],{"class":57},[47,49572,40430],{"class":1570},[47,49574,286],{"class":86},[20,49576,49577],{},"you can write this:",[38,49579,49581],{"className":40,"code":49580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49582,49583,49591,49595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49584,49585,49587,49589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49586,1535],{"class":53},[47,49588,58],{"class":57},[47,49590,49449],{"class":445},[47,49592,49593],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49594,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49596,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49598,83],{"class":82},[47,49600,87],{"class":86},[47,49602,49049],{"class":82},[47,49604,87],{"class":86},[47,49606,1587],{"class":90},[47,49608,309],{"class":86},[47,49610,1067],{"class":86},[47,49612,2365],{"class":1570},[47,49614,309],{"class":86},[47,49616,40430],{"class":1570},[47,49618,1958],{"class":86},[20,49620,49621],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[149,49623,49625,10760,49627],{"id":49624},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49626,44978],{},[15,49628,2480],{},[20,49630,10765,49631,837,49633,49637],{},[15,49632,44978],{},[455,49634,49635],{"href":2477},[15,49636,2480],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[469,49639,49641],{"id":49640},"typevalue-int",[15,49642,49643],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49645,49646],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,49648,49650],{"className":40,"code":49649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49651,49652,49660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49653,49654,49656,49658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49655,1535],{"class":53},[47,49657,58],{"class":57},[47,49659,2765],{"class":445},[47,49661,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49663,83],{"class":82},[47,49665,87],{"class":86},[47,49667,1872],{"class":1570},[47,49669,87],{"class":86},[47,49671,1587],{"class":90},[47,49673,1696],{"class":86},[47,49675,6587],{"class":57},[47,49677,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49679,286],{"class":86},[469,49681,49683],{"id":49682},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49684,49685],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49687,49688],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,49690,49692],{"className":40,"code":49691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49693,49694,49702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49695,49696,49698,49700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49697,1535],{"class":53},[47,49699,58],{"class":57},[47,49701,2765],{"class":445},[47,49703,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49705,83],{"class":82},[47,49707,87],{"class":86},[47,49709,49049],{"class":82},[47,49711,87],{"class":86},[47,49713,1587],{"class":90},[47,49715,309],{"class":86},[47,49717,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49719,1879],{"class":86},[20,49721,49722,49723,49725],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49724,44978],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49727,49728],{},"In everyday code:",[162,49730,49731,49736],{},[165,49732,40165,49733,49735],{},[15,49734,2480],{}," when you need the exact type",[165,49737,40165,49738,49740],{},[15,49739,44978],{}," when you want a practical type check",[149,49742,49744],{"id":49743},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49746,49747,49748,94],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49749,44978],{},[469,49751,49753],{"id":49752},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,49755,49757],{"className":40,"code":49756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49758,49759,49777,49796,49808,49813,49831,49842,49846,49858,49862,49886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49760,49761,49763,49766,49768,49770,49772,49775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49762,35026],{"class":2242},[47,49764,49765],{"class":35029}," repeat_text",[47,49767,87],{"class":86},[47,49769,91],{"class":37837},[47,49771,309],{"class":86},[47,49773,49774],{"class":37837}," count",[47,49776,771],{"class":86},[47,49778,49779,49781,49783,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49780,6577],{"class":752},[47,49782,8275],{"class":57},[47,49784,49785],{"class":82}," isinstance",[47,49787,87],{"class":86},[47,49789,91],{"class":90},[47,49791,309],{"class":86},[47,49793,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49795,771],{"class":86},[47,49797,49798,49801,49803,49806],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49799,49800],{"class":752},"        return",[47,49802,62],{"class":61},[47,49804,49805],{"class":65},"text must be a string",[47,49807,69],{"class":61},[47,49809,49810],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49811,49812],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49814,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,49816,6577],{"class":752},[47,49818,8275],{"class":57},[47,49820,49785],{"class":82},[47,49822,87],{"class":86},[47,49824,41434],{"class":90},[47,49826,309],{"class":86},[47,49828,45449],{"class":1570},[47,49830,771],{"class":86},[47,49832,49833,49835,49837,49840],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,49834,49800],{"class":752},[47,49836,62],{"class":61},[47,49838,49839],{"class":65},"count must be an integer",[47,49841,69],{"class":61},[47,49843,49844],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,49845,49812],{"class":53},[47,49847,49848,49850,49853,49855],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,49849,35037],{"class":752},[47,49851,49852],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49854,40047],{"class":57},[47,49856,49857],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49859,49860],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,49861,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49863,49864,49866,49868,49871,49873,49875,49878,49880,49882,49884],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,49865,83],{"class":82},[47,49867,87],{"class":86},[47,49869,49870],{"class":90},"repeat_text",[47,49872,87],{"class":86},[47,49874,102],{"class":61},[47,49876,49877],{"class":65},"Hi ",[47,49879,102],{"class":61},[47,49881,309],{"class":86},[47,49883,2630],{"class":445},[47,49885,1879],{"class":86},[47,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910],{"class":49,"line":11771},[47,49889,83],{"class":82},[47,49891,87],{"class":86},[47,49893,49870],{"class":90},[47,49895,87],{"class":86},[47,49897,102],{"class":61},[47,49899,49877],{"class":65},[47,49901,102],{"class":61},[47,49903,309],{"class":86},[47,49905,62],{"class":61},[47,49907,2239],{"class":65},[47,49909,102],{"class":61},[47,49911,1879],{"class":86},[20,49913,814],{},[38,49915,49917],{"className":40,"code":49916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49918,49919,49924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49920,49921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49922,49923],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,49925,49926],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49927,49928],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49930,49931],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[469,49933,49935],{"id":49934},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,49937,49939],{"className":40,"code":49938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49940,49941,49973,49977,49993,50008,50025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49942,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49944,1535],{"class":53},[47,49946,58],{"class":57},[47,49948,3803],{"class":86},[47,49950,102],{"class":61},[47,49952,455],{"class":65},[47,49954,102],{"class":61},[47,49956,309],{"class":86},[47,49958,62],{"class":61},[47,49960,2014],{"class":65},[47,49962,102],{"class":61},[47,49964,309],{"class":86},[47,49966,62],{"class":61},[47,49968,9913],{"class":65},[47,49970,102],{"class":61},[47,49972,3816],{"class":86},[47,49974,49975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49976,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,49978,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,49980,723],{"class":752},[47,49982,49785],{"class":82},[47,49984,87],{"class":86},[47,49986,1587],{"class":90},[47,49988,309],{"class":86},[47,49990,1571],{"class":1570},[47,49992,771],{"class":86},[47,49994,49995,49997,49999,50001,50004,50006],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,49996,776],{"class":82},[47,49998,87],{"class":86},[47,50000,102],{"class":61},[47,50002,50003],{"class":65},"This is text",[47,50005,102],{"class":61},[47,50007,286],{"class":86},[47,50009,50010,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,50011,50012],{"class":752},"elif",[47,50014,49785],{"class":82},[47,50016,87],{"class":86},[47,50018,1587],{"class":90},[47,50020,309],{"class":86},[47,50022,22737],{"class":1570},[47,50024,771],{"class":86},[47,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033,50036,50038],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,50028,776],{"class":82},[47,50030,87],{"class":86},[47,50032,102],{"class":61},[47,50034,50035],{"class":65},"This is a list",[47,50037,102],{"class":61},[47,50039,286],{"class":86},[20,50041,814],{},[38,50043,50045],{"className":40,"code":50044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,50046,50047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50048,50049,50052,50054,50056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50050,50051],{"class":53},"This ",[47,50053,12371],{"class":57},[47,50055,44717],{"class":53},[47,50057,50058],{"class":1570},"list\n",[469,50060,50062],{"id":50061},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,50064,50066],{"className":40,"code":50065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50067,50068,50080,50084,50100,50114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50069,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50071,1535],{"class":53},[47,50073,58],{"class":57},[47,50075,62],{"class":61},[47,50077,46699],{"class":65},[47,50079,69],{"class":61},[47,50081,50082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50083,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,50085,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50087,723],{"class":752},[47,50089,49785],{"class":82},[47,50091,87],{"class":86},[47,50093,1587],{"class":90},[47,50095,309],{"class":86},[47,50097,1571],{"class":1570},[47,50099,771],{"class":86},[47,50101,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50103,42065],{"class":53},[47,50105,58],{"class":57},[47,50107,45449],{"class":1570},[47,50109,87],{"class":86},[47,50111,1587],{"class":90},[47,50113,286],{"class":86},[47,50115,50116,50118,50120,50122],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,50117,776],{"class":82},[47,50119,87],{"class":86},[47,50121,2417],{"class":90},[47,50123,286],{"class":86},[20,50125,814],{},[38,50127,50128],{"className":40,"code":46785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50129,50130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50131,50132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50133,46785],{"class":445},[20,50135,50136],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[469,50138,50140],{"id":50139},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,50142,50144],{"className":40,"code":50143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50145,50146,50170,50174,50190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50147,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50149,1535],{"class":53},[47,50151,58],{"class":57},[47,50153,10665],{"class":86},[47,50155,102],{"class":61},[47,50157,214],{"class":65},[47,50159,102],{"class":61},[47,50161,3062],{"class":86},[47,50163,62],{"class":61},[47,50165,13058],{"class":65},[47,50167,102],{"class":61},[47,50169,9483],{"class":86},[47,50171,50172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50173,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,50175,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50177,723],{"class":752},[47,50179,49785],{"class":82},[47,50181,87],{"class":86},[47,50183,1587],{"class":90},[47,50185,309],{"class":86},[47,50187,9345],{"class":1570},[47,50189,771],{"class":86},[47,50191,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50193,776],{"class":82},[47,50195,87],{"class":86},[47,50197,1587],{"class":90},[47,50199,4080],{"class":86},[47,50201,102],{"class":61},[47,50203,214],{"class":65},[47,50205,102],{"class":61},[47,50207,4068],{"class":86},[20,50209,814],{},[38,50211,50213],{"className":40,"code":50212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,50214,50215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50216,50217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50218,50212],{"class":53},[20,50220,50221,50222,50224],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50223,3182],{}," messages later.",[149,50226,4700],{"id":4699},[469,50228,50230,50231,11267,50234],{"id":50229},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50232,50233],{},"\"int\"",[15,50235,2365],{},[20,50237,1783],{},[38,50239,50241],{"className":40,"code":50240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50242,50243,50251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50244,50245,50247,50249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50246,1535],{"class":53},[47,50248,58],{"class":57},[47,50250,2765],{"class":445},[47,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50254,83],{"class":82},[47,50256,87],{"class":86},[47,50258,49049],{"class":82},[47,50260,87],{"class":86},[47,50262,1587],{"class":90},[47,50264,309],{"class":86},[47,50266,62],{"class":61},[47,50268,2365],{"class":65},[47,50270,102],{"class":61},[47,50272,1879],{"class":86},[20,50274,50275,50277],{},[15,50276,50233],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50279,1795],{},[38,50281,50282],{"className":40,"code":49691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50283,50284,50292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50285,50286,50288,50290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50287,1535],{"class":53},[47,50289,58],{"class":57},[47,50291,2765],{"class":445},[47,50293,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50295,83],{"class":82},[47,50297,87],{"class":86},[47,50299,49049],{"class":82},[47,50301,87],{"class":86},[47,50303,1587],{"class":90},[47,50305,309],{"class":86},[47,50307,45449],{"class":1570},[47,50309,1879],{"class":86},[469,50311,50313],{"id":50312},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50315,1783],{},[38,50317,50319],{"className":40,"code":50318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50320,50321,50329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50322,50323,50325,50327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50324,1535],{"class":53},[47,50326,58],{"class":57},[47,50328,35017],{"class":445},[47,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50332,83],{"class":82},[47,50334,87],{"class":86},[47,50336,49049],{"class":82},[47,50338,87],{"class":86},[47,50340,1587],{"class":90},[47,50342,309],{"class":86},[47,50344,3803],{"class":86},[47,50346,2365],{"class":1570},[47,50348,309],{"class":86},[47,50350,40430],{"class":1570},[47,50352,3176],{"class":86},[20,50354,50355],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50357,1795],{},[38,50359,50361],{"className":40,"code":50360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50362,50363,50371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50364,50365,50367,50369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50366,1535],{"class":53},[47,50368,58],{"class":57},[47,50370,35017],{"class":445},[47,50372,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50374,83],{"class":82},[47,50376,87],{"class":86},[47,50378,49049],{"class":82},[47,50380,87],{"class":86},[47,50382,1587],{"class":90},[47,50384,309],{"class":86},[47,50386,1067],{"class":86},[47,50388,2365],{"class":1570},[47,50390,309],{"class":86},[47,50392,40430],{"class":1570},[47,50394,1958],{"class":86},[469,50396,25952,50398,50400],{"id":50397},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50399,44978],{}," converts a value",[20,50402,19092],{},[38,50404,50406],{"className":40,"code":50405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50407,50408,50420,50438,50442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50409,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50411,1535],{"class":53},[47,50413,58],{"class":57},[47,50415,62],{"class":61},[47,50417,1576],{"class":65},[47,50419,69],{"class":61},[47,50421,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50423,2407],{"class":53},[47,50425,58],{"class":57},[47,50427,49785],{"class":82},[47,50429,87],{"class":86},[47,50431,1587],{"class":90},[47,50433,309],{"class":86},[47,50435,45449],{"class":1570},[47,50437,286],{"class":86},[47,50439,50440],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50441,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,50443,50444,50446,50448,50450],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50445,83],{"class":82},[47,50447,87],{"class":86},[47,50449,2442],{"class":90},[47,50451,286],{"class":86},[20,50453,814],{},[38,50455,50456],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50457,50458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50459,50460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50461,4221],{"class":4032},[20,50463,50464,50465,50468,50469,50471],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50466,50467],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50470,1576],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50473,50474,50475,6808],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50476,50477],{},"int(value)",[469,50479,50481],{"id":50480},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50483,50484,50486],{},[15,50485,44978],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,50488,50490],{"className":40,"code":50489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50491,50492,50504,50508,50526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50493,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50495,1535],{"class":53},[47,50497,58],{"class":57},[47,50499,62],{"class":61},[47,50501,13737],{"class":65},[47,50503,69],{"class":61},[47,50505,50506],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50507,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50511,83],{"class":82},[47,50513,87],{"class":86},[47,50515,49049],{"class":82},[47,50517,87],{"class":86},[47,50519,1587],{"class":90},[47,50521,309],{"class":86},[47,50523,1571],{"class":1570},[47,50525,1879],{"class":86},[47,50527,50528,50530,50532,50534],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50529,83],{"class":82},[47,50531,87],{"class":86},[47,50533,1587],{"class":90},[47,50535,286],{"class":86},[20,50537,814],{},[38,50539,50541],{"className":40,"code":50540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,50542,50543,50547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50544,50545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50546,4160],{"class":4032},[47,50548,50549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50550,47436],{"class":445},[20,50552,50553],{},"The value stays the same.",[149,50555,26120],{"id":26119},[20,50557,50558],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,50560,50562],{"className":40,"code":50561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50563,50564,50578,50596,50620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50565,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50567,83],{"class":82},[47,50569,87],{"class":86},[47,50571,1872],{"class":1570},[47,50573,87],{"class":86},[47,50575,1587],{"class":90},[47,50577,1879],{"class":86},[47,50579,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50581,83],{"class":82},[47,50583,87],{"class":86},[47,50585,49049],{"class":82},[47,50587,87],{"class":86},[47,50589,1587],{"class":90},[47,50591,309],{"class":86},[47,50593,45449],{"class":1570},[47,50595,1879],{"class":86},[47,50597,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50599,83],{"class":82},[47,50601,87],{"class":86},[47,50603,49049],{"class":82},[47,50605,87],{"class":86},[47,50607,1587],{"class":90},[47,50609,309],{"class":86},[47,50611,1067],{"class":86},[47,50613,2365],{"class":1570},[47,50615,309],{"class":86},[47,50617,40430],{"class":1570},[47,50619,1958],{"class":86},[47,50621,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50623,83],{"class":82},[47,50625,87],{"class":86},[47,50627,41954],{"class":82},[47,50629,87],{"class":86},[47,50631,1587],{"class":90},[47,50633,1879],{"class":86},[20,50635,50636],{},"These can help when:",[162,50638,50639,50642,50647,50650],{},[165,50640,50641],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[165,50643,50644,50645],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50646,3182],{},[165,50648,50649],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[165,50651,50652,50653,50655],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50654,44978],{}," is invalid",[20,50657,50658],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[162,50660,50661,50675,50681,50686],{},[165,50662,50663,50664,32,50667,50670,50671,32,50673],{},"using ",[15,50665,50666],{},"'int'",[15,50668,50669],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50672,2365],{},[15,50674,3622],{},[165,50676,50677,50678,50680],{},"expecting ",[15,50679,44978],{}," to convert a value",[165,50682,50663,50683,50685],{},[15,50684,2480],{}," when inherited types should also match",[165,50687,50688],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50690,50691,50692,94],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[455,50693,50695,50696],{"href":50694},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50697,50698],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[149,50700,1962],{"id":1961},[469,50702,5323,50704,5326],{"id":50703},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50705,44978],{},[20,50707,170,50708,50710,50711,94],{},[15,50709,31],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50712,35],{},[469,50714,1980,50716,50718],{"id":50715},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50717,44978],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50720,50721,50722,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50723,50724],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[469,50726,2032,50728,837,50730,2037],{"id":50727},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50729,44978],{},[15,50731,2480],{},[20,50733,50734,50736,50737,50739],{},[15,50735,2480],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50738,44978],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[469,50741,1966,50743,50745],{"id":50742},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50744,44978],{}," convert a value?",[20,50747,50748],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[149,50750,2062],{"id":2061},[162,50752,50753,50759,50763,50768,50773],{},[165,50754,50755],{},[455,50756,3755,50757,3688],{"href":2477},[15,50758,2480],{},[165,50760,50761],{},[455,50762,44970],{"href":49151},[165,50764,50765],{},[455,50766,50767],{"href":3139},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[165,50769,50770],{},[455,50771,50772],{"href":49154},"What is a data type in Python?",[165,50774,50775],{},[455,50776,50695,50777],{"href":50694},[15,50778,50698],{},[2093,50780,50781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":50783},[50784,50785,50787,50790,50794,50795,50800,50806,50814,50815,50825],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":49090,"depth":72,"text":50786},"What isinstance() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":50788},[50789],{"id":49182,"depth":79,"text":49183},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651,"children":50791},[50792,50793],{"id":49270,"depth":79,"text":49271},{"id":49341,"depth":79,"text":49342},{"id":49428,"depth":72,"text":49429},{"id":49624,"depth":72,"text":50796,"children":50797},"isinstance() vs type()",[50798,50799],{"id":49640,"depth":79,"text":49643},{"id":49682,"depth":79,"text":49685},{"id":49743,"depth":72,"text":49744,"children":50801},[50802,50803,50804,50805],{"id":49752,"depth":79,"text":49753},{"id":49934,"depth":79,"text":49935},{"id":50061,"depth":79,"text":50062},{"id":50139,"depth":79,"text":50140},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":50807},[50808,50810,50811,50813],{"id":50229,"depth":79,"text":50809},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50312,"depth":79,"text":50313},{"id":50397,"depth":79,"text":50812},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50480,"depth":79,"text":50481},{"id":26119,"depth":72,"text":26120},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":50816},[50817,50819,50821,50823],{"id":50703,"depth":79,"text":50818},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50715,"depth":79,"text":50820},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50727,"depth":79,"text":50822},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50742,"depth":79,"text":50824},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48992,"description":50826},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50832,"title":50833,"body":50834,"description":52805,"extension":2138,"meta":52806,"navigation":75,"path":52807,"seo":52808,"stem":52809,"__hash__":52810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50835,"toc":52780},[50836,50839,50844,50849,50863,50866,50868,50943,50948,50952,50957,50960,50974,50976,51142,51154,51156,51158,51173,51176,51179,51192,51194,51291,51295,51301,51304,51313,51315,51350,51355,51376,51381,51386,51418,51421,51478,51482,51488,51491,51544,51546,51586,51589,51657,51660,51711,51718,51722,51728,51813,51819,51825,51874,51877,51880,51930,51932,51937,51941,51991,51995,52042,52046,52123,52127,52192,52195,52199,52204,52209,52221,52223,52242,52248,52251,52270,52275,52302,52309,52313,52319,52322,52417,52420,52423,52472,52477,52479,52483,52518,52521,52578,52588,52591,52625,52628,52630,52634,52637,52641,52644,52648,52651,52655,52668,52672,52677,52679,52729,52741,52743,52777],[10,50837,50833],{"id":50838},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50840,9297,50841,50843],{},[15,50842,42536],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50845,35581,50846,50848],{},[15,50847,42536],{}," to count:",[162,50850,50851,50854,50857,50860],{},[165,50852,50853],{},"characters in a string",[165,50855,50856],{},"items in a list or tuple",[165,50858,50859],{},"keys in a dictionary",[165,50861,50862],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50864,50865],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[149,50867,2179],{"id":2178},[38,50869,50871],{"className":40,"code":50870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50872,50873,50885,50905,50909,50926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50874,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50876,54],{"class":53},[47,50878,58],{"class":57},[47,50880,62],{"class":61},[47,50882,386],{"class":65},[47,50884,69],{"class":61},[47,50886,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50888,7955],{"class":53},[47,50890,58],{"class":57},[47,50892,3803],{"class":86},[47,50894,2509],{"class":445},[47,50896,309],{"class":86},[47,50898,7966],{"class":445},[47,50900,309],{"class":86},[47,50902,7971],{"class":445},[47,50904,3816],{"class":86},[47,50906,50907],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,50908,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,50910,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,50912,83],{"class":82},[47,50914,87],{"class":86},[47,50916,11337],{"class":82},[47,50918,87],{"class":86},[47,50920,91],{"class":90},[47,50922,110],{"class":86},[47,50924,50925],{"class":113},"   # 5\n",[47,50927,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,50929,83],{"class":82},[47,50931,87],{"class":86},[47,50933,11337],{"class":82},[47,50935,87],{"class":86},[47,50937,7986],{"class":90},[47,50939,110],{"class":86},[47,50941,50942],{"class":113},"  # 3\n",[20,50944,144,50945,50947],{},[15,50946,42536],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[149,50949,50951],{"id":50950},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50953,50954,50956],{},[15,50955,42536],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50958,50959],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[162,50961,50962,50965,50968,50971],{},[165,50963,50964],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[165,50966,50967],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[165,50969,50970],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[165,50972,50973],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50975,183],{},[38,50977,50979],{"className":40,"code":50978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50980,50981,50993,51018,51050,51070,51074,51091,51108,51125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50982,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50984,193],{"class":53},[47,50986,58],{"class":57},[47,50988,62],{"class":61},[47,50990,7852],{"class":65},[47,50992,69],{"class":61},[47,50994,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51016],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50996,3798],{"class":53},[47,50998,58],{"class":57},[47,51000,3803],{"class":86},[47,51002,2509],{"class":445},[47,51004,309],{"class":86},[47,51006,7966],{"class":445},[47,51008,309],{"class":86},[47,51010,7971],{"class":445},[47,51012,309],{"class":86},[47,51014,51015],{"class":445}," 40",[47,51017,3816],{"class":86},[47,51019,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51021,9340],{"class":53},[47,51023,58],{"class":57},[47,51025,10665],{"class":86},[47,51027,102],{"class":61},[47,51029,455],{"class":65},[47,51031,102],{"class":61},[47,51033,3062],{"class":86},[47,51035,5677],{"class":445},[47,51037,309],{"class":86},[47,51039,62],{"class":61},[47,51041,2014],{"class":65},[47,51043,102],{"class":61},[47,51045,3062],{"class":86},[47,51047,1769],{"class":445},[47,51049,9483],{"class":86},[47,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51053,4003],{"class":53},[47,51055,58],{"class":57},[47,51057,10665],{"class":86},[47,51059,2313],{"class":445},[47,51061,309],{"class":86},[47,51063,446],{"class":445},[47,51065,309],{"class":86},[47,51067,6173],{"class":445},[47,51069,9483],{"class":86},[47,51071,51072],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,51073,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51075,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,51077,83],{"class":82},[47,51079,87],{"class":86},[47,51081,11337],{"class":82},[47,51083,87],{"class":86},[47,51085,214],{"class":90},[47,51087,110],{"class":86},[47,51089,51090],{"class":113},"     # 3\n",[47,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,51094,83],{"class":82},[47,51096,87],{"class":86},[47,51098,11337],{"class":82},[47,51100,87],{"class":86},[47,51102,3830],{"class":90},[47,51104,110],{"class":86},[47,51106,51107],{"class":113},"  # 4\n",[47,51109,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,51111,83],{"class":82},[47,51113,87],{"class":86},[47,51115,11337],{"class":82},[47,51117,87],{"class":86},[47,51119,9379],{"class":90},[47,51121,110],{"class":86},[47,51123,51124],{"class":113},"     # 2\n",[47,51126,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,51128,83],{"class":82},[47,51130,87],{"class":86},[47,51132,11337],{"class":82},[47,51134,87],{"class":86},[47,51136,5538],{"class":90},[47,51138,110],{"class":86},[47,51140,51141],{"class":113},"   # 3\n",[20,51143,51144,51145,2366,51148,17251,51152,94],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[455,51146,51147],{"href":457},"Python strings explained",[455,51149,51151],{"href":51150},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[455,51153,9330],{"href":9329},[149,51155,261],{"id":260},[20,51157,2336],{},[38,51159,51161],{"className":40,"code":51160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,51162,51163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51164,51165,51167,51169,51171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51166,11337],{"class":82},[47,51168,87],{"class":86},[47,51170,42573],{"class":1570},[47,51172,286],{"class":86},[20,51174,51175],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51177,51178],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[162,51180,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189],{},[165,51182,38082],{},[165,51184,38076],{},[165,51186,38079],{},[165,51188,38085],{},[165,51190,51191],{},"a dictionary",[20,51193,183],{},[38,51195,51197],{"className":40,"code":51196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51198,51199,51220,51244,51265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51200,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51202,83],{"class":82},[47,51204,87],{"class":86},[47,51206,11337],{"class":82},[47,51208,87],{"class":86},[47,51210,102],{"class":61},[47,51212,42],{"class":65},[47,51214,102],{"class":61},[47,51216,110],{"class":86},[47,51218,51219],{"class":113},"      # 6\n",[47,51221,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51223,83],{"class":82},[47,51225,87],{"class":86},[47,51227,11337],{"class":82},[47,51229,3163],{"class":86},[47,51231,1598],{"class":445},[47,51233,309],{"class":86},[47,51235,1769],{"class":445},[47,51237,309],{"class":86},[47,51239,2630],{"class":445},[47,51241,4917],{"class":86},[47,51243,51090],{"class":113},[47,51245,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51247,83],{"class":82},[47,51249,87],{"class":86},[47,51251,11337],{"class":82},[47,51253,675],{"class":86},[47,51255,2509],{"class":445},[47,51257,309],{"class":86},[47,51259,7966],{"class":445},[47,51261,694],{"class":86},[47,51263,51264],{"class":113},"      # 2\n",[47,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285,51288],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51268,83],{"class":82},[47,51270,87],{"class":86},[47,51272,11337],{"class":82},[47,51274,5708],{"class":86},[47,51276,102],{"class":61},[47,51278,2350],{"class":65},[47,51280,102],{"class":61},[47,51282,3062],{"class":86},[47,51284,5677],{"class":445},[47,51286,51287],{"class":86},"}))",[47,51289,51290],{"class":113},"      # 1\n",[149,51292,51294],{"id":51293},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51296,51297,51298,51300],{},"When you use ",[15,51299,42536],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51302,51303],{},"That includes:",[162,51305,51306,51308,51310],{},[165,51307,36318],{},[165,51309,10626],{},[165,51311,51312],{},"punctuation",[20,51314,183],{},[38,51316,51318],{"className":40,"code":51317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51319,51320,51333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51321,51322,51324,51326,51328,51331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51323,54],{"class":53},[47,51325,58],{"class":57},[47,51327,62],{"class":61},[47,51329,51330],{"class":65},"Hi there!",[47,51332,69],{"class":61},[47,51334,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51336,83],{"class":82},[47,51338,87],{"class":86},[47,51340,11337],{"class":82},[47,51342,87],{"class":86},[47,51344,91],{"class":90},[47,51346,110],{"class":86},[47,51348,51349],{"class":113},"  # 9\n",[20,51351,51352,51353,2037],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51354,2321],{},[162,51356,51357,51363,51367,51370],{},[165,51358,51359,51362],{},[15,51360,51361],{},"H"," = 1",[165,51364,51365,51362],{},[15,51366,36329],{},[165,51368,51369],{},"space = 1",[165,51371,51372,51375],{},[15,51373,51374],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51377,51378,51379],{},"Total: ",[15,51380,2321],{},[20,51382,51383,51384,3062],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51385,1721],{},[38,51387,51389],{"className":40,"code":51388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51390,51391,51400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51392,51393,51396,51398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51394,51395],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51397,58],{"class":57},[47,51399,8057],{"class":61},[47,51401,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410,51413,51415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51403,83],{"class":82},[47,51405,87],{"class":86},[47,51407,11337],{"class":82},[47,51409,87],{"class":86},[47,51411,51412],{"class":90},"empty_text",[47,51414,110],{"class":86},[47,51416,51417],{"class":113},"  # 0\n",[20,51419,51420],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,51422,51424],{"className":40,"code":51423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51425,51426,51439,51443,51463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51427,51428,51431,51433,51435,51437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51429,51430],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51432,58],{"class":57},[47,51434,62],{"class":61},[47,51436,5184],{"class":65},[47,51438,69],{"class":61},[47,51440,51441],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51442,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51444,51445,51447,51449,51451,51454,51456,51459,51461],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51446,723],{"class":752},[47,51448,38561],{"class":82},[47,51450,87],{"class":86},[47,51452,51453],{"class":90},"user_name",[47,51455,1696],{"class":86},[47,51457,51458],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51460,2630],{"class":445},[47,51462,795],{"class":86},[47,51464,51465,51467,51469,51471,51474,51476],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51466,776],{"class":82},[47,51468,87],{"class":86},[47,51470,102],{"class":61},[47,51472,51473],{"class":65},"Name is long enough",[47,51475,102],{"class":61},[47,51477,286],{"class":86},[149,51479,51481],{"id":51480},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51483,51484,51485,51487],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51486,42536],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51489,51490],{},"Example with a list:",[38,51492,51494],{"className":40,"code":51493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51495,51496,51528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51497,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524,51526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51499,13254],{"class":53},[47,51501,58],{"class":57},[47,51503,3803],{"class":86},[47,51505,102],{"class":61},[47,51507,13271],{"class":65},[47,51509,102],{"class":61},[47,51511,309],{"class":86},[47,51513,62],{"class":61},[47,51515,17633],{"class":65},[47,51517,102],{"class":61},[47,51519,309],{"class":86},[47,51521,62],{"class":61},[47,51523,13288],{"class":65},[47,51525,102],{"class":61},[47,51527,3816],{"class":86},[47,51529,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51531,83],{"class":82},[47,51533,87],{"class":86},[47,51535,11337],{"class":82},[47,51537,87],{"class":86},[47,51539,17680],{"class":90},[47,51541,110],{"class":86},[47,51543,50942],{"class":113},[20,51545,38091],{},[38,51547,51549],{"className":40,"code":51548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51550,51551,51568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51552,51553,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51554,51555],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51557,58],{"class":57},[47,51559,1067],{"class":86},[47,51561,2509],{"class":445},[47,51563,309],{"class":86},[47,51565,7966],{"class":445},[47,51567,286],{"class":86},[47,51569,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51581,51583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51571,83],{"class":82},[47,51573,87],{"class":86},[47,51575,11337],{"class":82},[47,51577,87],{"class":86},[47,51579,51580],{"class":90},"point",[47,51582,110],{"class":86},[47,51584,51585],{"class":113},"  # 2\n",[20,51587,51588],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,51590,51592],{"className":40,"code":51591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51593,51594,51618,51622,51640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51595,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51597,7955],{"class":53},[47,51599,58],{"class":57},[47,51601,3803],{"class":86},[47,51603,102],{"class":61},[47,51605,4260],{"class":65},[47,51607,102],{"class":61},[47,51609,309],{"class":86},[47,51611,62],{"class":61},[47,51613,491],{"class":65},[47,51615,102],{"class":61},[47,51617,3816],{"class":86},[47,51619,51620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51621,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51623,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51625,723],{"class":752},[47,51627,38561],{"class":82},[47,51629,87],{"class":86},[47,51631,7986],{"class":90},[47,51633,1696],{"class":86},[47,51635,38571],{"class":57},[47,51637,5677],{"class":445},[47,51639,795],{"class":86},[47,51641,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51643,776],{"class":82},[47,51645,87],{"class":86},[47,51647,7986],{"class":90},[47,51649,4080],{"class":86},[47,51651,1598],{"class":445},[47,51653,20625],{"class":86},[47,51655,51656],{"class":113},"  # banana\n",[20,51658,51659],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,51661,51663],{"className":40,"code":51662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51664,51665,51688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51666,51667,51669,51671,51673,51676,51678,51681,51683,51686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51668,5244],{"class":53},[47,51670,58],{"class":57},[47,51672,3803],{"class":86},[47,51674,51675],{"class":445},"88",[47,51677,309],{"class":86},[47,51679,51680],{"class":445}," 91",[47,51682,309],{"class":86},[47,51684,51685],{"class":445}," 75",[47,51687,3816],{"class":86},[47,51689,51690,51692,51694,51696,51699,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51691,83],{"class":82},[47,51693,87],{"class":86},[47,51695,102],{"class":61},[47,51697,51698],{"class":65},"Number of scores:",[47,51700,102],{"class":61},[47,51702,309],{"class":86},[47,51704,38561],{"class":82},[47,51706,87],{"class":86},[47,51708,16569],{"class":90},[47,51710,1879],{"class":86},[20,51712,51713,51714,94],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[455,51715,51717],{"href":51716},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[149,51719,51721],{"id":51720},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51723,51724,51725,51727],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51726,42536],{}," counts keys.",[38,51729,51731],{"className":40,"code":51730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51732,51733,51741,51759,51773,51789,51793,51797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51734,51735,51737,51739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51736,13041],{"class":53},[47,51738,58],{"class":57},[47,51740,11669],{"class":86},[47,51742,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51744,11674],{"class":61},[47,51746,214],{"class":65},[47,51748,102],{"class":61},[47,51750,3062],{"class":86},[47,51752,62],{"class":61},[47,51754,8097],{"class":65},[47,51756,102],{"class":61},[47,51758,11690],{"class":86},[47,51760,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51762,11674],{"class":61},[47,51764,9473],{"class":65},[47,51766,102],{"class":61},[47,51768,3062],{"class":86},[47,51770,981],{"class":445},[47,51772,11690],{"class":86},[47,51774,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51776,11674],{"class":61},[47,51778,20070],{"class":65},[47,51780,102],{"class":61},[47,51782,3062],{"class":86},[47,51784,62],{"class":61},[47,51786,22422],{"class":65},[47,51788,69],{"class":61},[47,51790,51791],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,51792,9483],{"class":86},[47,51794,51795],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,51796,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51798,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,51800,83],{"class":82},[47,51802,87],{"class":86},[47,51804,11337],{"class":82},[47,51806,87],{"class":86},[47,51808,13805],{"class":90},[47,51810,110],{"class":86},[47,51812,50942],{"class":113},[20,51814,51815,51816,51818],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51817,42536],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51820,51821,51822,51824],{},"For sets, ",[15,51823,42536],{}," counts unique items:",[38,51826,51828],{"className":40,"code":51827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51829,51830,51858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51831,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51833,3798],{"class":53},[47,51835,58],{"class":57},[47,51837,10665],{"class":86},[47,51839,1598],{"class":445},[47,51841,309],{"class":86},[47,51843,1769],{"class":445},[47,51845,309],{"class":86},[47,51847,2630],{"class":445},[47,51849,309],{"class":86},[47,51851,2630],{"class":445},[47,51853,309],{"class":86},[47,51855,1769],{"class":445},[47,51857,9483],{"class":86},[47,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870,51872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51861,83],{"class":82},[47,51863,87],{"class":86},[47,51865,11337],{"class":82},[47,51867,87],{"class":86},[47,51869,3830],{"class":90},[47,51871,110],{"class":86},[47,51873,50942],{"class":113},[20,51875,51876],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51878,51879],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,51881,51883],{"className":40,"code":51882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51884,51885,51893,51897,51915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51886,51887,51889,51891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51888,9340],{"class":53},[47,51890,58],{"class":57},[47,51892,10012],{"class":86},[47,51894,51895],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51896,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51900,723],{"class":752},[47,51902,38561],{"class":82},[47,51904,87],{"class":86},[47,51906,9379],{"class":90},[47,51908,1696],{"class":86},[47,51910,6587],{"class":57},[47,51912,4014],{"class":445},[47,51914,795],{"class":86},[47,51916,51917,51919,51921,51923,51926,51928],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51918,776],{"class":82},[47,51920,87],{"class":86},[47,51922,102],{"class":61},[47,51924,51925],{"class":65},"The dictionary is empty",[47,51927,102],{"class":61},[47,51929,286],{"class":86},[149,51931,41220],{"id":41219},[20,51933,51934,51935,94],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51936,42536],{},[469,51938,51940],{"id":51939},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,51942,51944],{"className":40,"code":51943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51945,51946,51954,51958,51976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51947,51948,51950,51952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51949,7955],{"class":53},[47,51951,58],{"class":57},[47,51953,8015],{"class":86},[47,51955,51956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51957,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,51961,723],{"class":752},[47,51963,38561],{"class":82},[47,51965,87],{"class":86},[47,51967,7986],{"class":90},[47,51969,1696],{"class":86},[47,51971,6587],{"class":57},[47,51973,4014],{"class":445},[47,51975,795],{"class":86},[47,51977,51978,51980,51982,51984,51987,51989],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,51979,776],{"class":82},[47,51981,87],{"class":86},[47,51983,102],{"class":61},[47,51985,51986],{"class":65},"The list is empty",[47,51988,102],{"class":61},[47,51990,286],{"class":86},[469,51992,51994],{"id":51993},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,51996,51998],{"className":40,"code":51997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51999,52000,52019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52001,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52015,52017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52003,6334],{"class":53},[47,52005,58],{"class":57},[47,52007,8418],{"class":82},[47,52009,87],{"class":86},[47,52011,102],{"class":61},[47,52013,52014],{"class":65},"Enter a word: ",[47,52016,102],{"class":61},[47,52018,286],{"class":86},[47,52020,52021,52023,52025,52027,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52022,83],{"class":82},[47,52024,87],{"class":86},[47,52026,102],{"class":61},[47,52028,52029],{"class":65},"Number of characters:",[47,52031,102],{"class":61},[47,52033,309],{"class":86},[47,52035,38561],{"class":82},[47,52037,87],{"class":86},[47,52039,38566],{"class":90},[47,52041,1879],{"class":86},[469,52043,52045],{"id":52044},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,52047,52049],{"className":40,"code":52048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52050,52051,52065,52069,52087,52102,52108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52052,52053,52056,52058,52060,52063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52054,52055],{"class":53},"password ",[47,52057,58],{"class":57},[47,52059,62],{"class":61},[47,52061,52062],{"class":65},"secret123",[47,52064,69],{"class":61},[47,52066,52067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52068,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,52070,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079,52081,52083,52085],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,52072,723],{"class":752},[47,52074,38561],{"class":82},[47,52076,87],{"class":86},[47,52078,17799],{"class":90},[47,52080,1696],{"class":86},[47,52082,51458],{"class":57},[47,52084,943],{"class":445},[47,52086,795],{"class":86},[47,52088,52089,52091,52093,52095,52098,52100],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,52090,776],{"class":82},[47,52092,87],{"class":86},[47,52094,102],{"class":61},[47,52096,52097],{"class":65},"Password length is valid",[47,52099,102],{"class":61},[47,52101,286],{"class":86},[47,52103,52104,52106],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,52105,792],{"class":752},[47,52107,795],{"class":86},[47,52109,52110,52112,52114,52116,52119,52121],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,52111,776],{"class":82},[47,52113,87],{"class":86},[47,52115,102],{"class":61},[47,52117,52118],{"class":65},"Password is too short",[47,52120,102],{"class":61},[47,52122,286],{"class":86},[469,52124,52126],{"id":52125},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,52128,52130],{"className":40,"code":52129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52131,52132,52168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52133,52134,52137,52139,52141,52143,52146,52148,52150,52152,52155,52157,52159,52161,52164,52166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52135,52136],{"class":53},"results ",[47,52138,58],{"class":57},[47,52140,3803],{"class":86},[47,52142,102],{"class":61},[47,52144,52145],{"class":65},"item1",[47,52147,102],{"class":61},[47,52149,309],{"class":86},[47,52151,62],{"class":61},[47,52153,52154],{"class":65},"item2",[47,52156,102],{"class":61},[47,52158,309],{"class":86},[47,52160,62],{"class":61},[47,52162,52163],{"class":65},"item3",[47,52165,102],{"class":61},[47,52167,3816],{"class":86},[47,52169,52170,52172,52174,52176,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52171,83],{"class":82},[47,52173,87],{"class":86},[47,52175,102],{"class":61},[47,52177,52178],{"class":65},"Items found:",[47,52180,102],{"class":61},[47,52182,309],{"class":86},[47,52184,38561],{"class":82},[47,52186,87],{"class":86},[47,52188,52189],{"class":90},"results",[47,52191,1879],{"class":86},[20,52193,52194],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[149,52196,52198],{"id":52197},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52200,52201,52203],{},[15,52202,42536],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52205,52206,52207,3062],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52208,3182],{},[162,52210,52211,52214,52217],{},[165,52212,52213],{},"plain integers",[165,52215,52216],{},"floats",[165,52218,52219],{},[15,52220,3958],{},[20,52222,183],{},[38,52224,52226],{"className":40,"code":52225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52227,52228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52229,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52231,83],{"class":82},[47,52233,87],{"class":86},[47,52235,11337],{"class":82},[47,52237,87],{"class":86},[47,52239,2313],{"class":445},[47,52241,1879],{"class":86},[20,52243,52244,52245,52247],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52246,2313],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52249,52250],{},"Another example:",[38,52252,52254],{"className":40,"code":52253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52255,52256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52257,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52259,83],{"class":82},[47,52261,87],{"class":86},[47,52263,11337],{"class":82},[47,52265,87],{"class":86},[47,52267,40318],{"class":445},[47,52269,1879],{"class":86},[20,52271,52272,52273,3062],{},"And with ",[15,52274,3958],{},[38,52276,52278],{"className":40,"code":52277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52279,52280,52288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52281,52282,52284,52286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52283,1535],{"class":53},[47,52285,58],{"class":57},[47,52287,48701],{"class":4032},[47,52289,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52291,83],{"class":82},[47,52293,87],{"class":86},[47,52295,11337],{"class":82},[47,52297,87],{"class":86},[47,52299,1587],{"class":90},[47,52301,1879],{"class":86},[20,52303,52304,52305,94],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[455,52306,52308],{"href":52307},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[149,52310,52312],{"id":52311},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52314,52315,52316,52318],{},"Before using ",[15,52317,42536],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52320,52321],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,52323,52325],{"className":40,"code":52324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52326,52327,52335,52339,52349,52363,52381,52399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52328,52329,52331,52333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52330,1535],{"class":53},[47,52332,58],{"class":57},[47,52334,48701],{"class":4032},[47,52336,52337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52338,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,52340,52341,52343,52345,52347],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,52342,83],{"class":82},[47,52344,87],{"class":86},[47,52346,1587],{"class":90},[47,52348,286],{"class":86},[47,52350,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,52352,83],{"class":82},[47,52354,87],{"class":86},[47,52356,1872],{"class":1570},[47,52358,87],{"class":86},[47,52360,1587],{"class":90},[47,52362,1879],{"class":86},[47,52364,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,52366,83],{"class":82},[47,52368,87],{"class":86},[47,52370,49049],{"class":82},[47,52372,87],{"class":86},[47,52374,1587],{"class":90},[47,52376,309],{"class":86},[47,52378,1571],{"class":1570},[47,52380,1879],{"class":86},[47,52382,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,52384,83],{"class":82},[47,52386,87],{"class":86},[47,52388,49049],{"class":82},[47,52390,87],{"class":86},[47,52392,1587],{"class":90},[47,52394,309],{"class":86},[47,52396,22737],{"class":1570},[47,52398,1879],{"class":86},[47,52400,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,52402,83],{"class":82},[47,52404,87],{"class":86},[47,52406,49049],{"class":82},[47,52408,87],{"class":86},[47,52410,1587],{"class":90},[47,52412,309],{"class":86},[47,52414,9345],{"class":1570},[47,52416,1879],{"class":86},[20,52418,52419],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52421,52422],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,52424,52426],{"className":40,"code":52425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52427,52428,52440,52444,52458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52429,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52431,1535],{"class":53},[47,52433,58],{"class":57},[47,52435,62],{"class":61},[47,52437,386],{"class":65},[47,52439,69],{"class":61},[47,52441,52442],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52443,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,52445,52446,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,52447,723],{"class":752},[47,52449,21761],{"class":53},[47,52451,12371],{"class":57},[47,52453,8275],{"class":57},[47,52455,4033],{"class":4032},[47,52457,795],{"class":86},[47,52459,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468,52470],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,52461,776],{"class":82},[47,52463,87],{"class":86},[47,52465,11337],{"class":82},[47,52467,87],{"class":86},[47,52469,1587],{"class":90},[47,52471,1879],{"class":86},[20,52473,52474,52475,94],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[455,52476,8617],{"href":2477},[149,52478,1425],{"id":1424},[20,52480,1428,52481,3062],{},[15,52482,42536],{},[162,52484,52485,52493,52501,52509,52515],{},[165,52486,831,52487,52489,52490],{},[15,52488,42536],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52491,52492],{},"len(5)",[165,52494,831,52495,52497,52498],{},[15,52496,42536],{}," on a float like ",[15,52499,52500],{},"len(3.14)",[165,52502,831,52503,52505,52506,52508],{},[15,52504,42536],{}," on ",[15,52507,3958],{}," after a function returns nothing",[165,52510,4761,52511,52514],{},[15,52512,52513],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[165,52516,52517],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52519,52520],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,52522,52524],{"className":40,"code":52523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52525,52526,52562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52529,13383],{"class":53},[47,52531,58],{"class":57},[47,52533,10665],{"class":86},[47,52535,102],{"class":61},[47,52537,214],{"class":65},[47,52539,102],{"class":61},[47,52541,3062],{"class":86},[47,52543,62],{"class":61},[47,52545,13058],{"class":65},[47,52547,102],{"class":61},[47,52549,309],{"class":86},[47,52551,62],{"class":61},[47,52553,9473],{"class":65},[47,52555,102],{"class":61},[47,52557,3062],{"class":86},[47,52559,7966],{"class":445},[47,52561,9483],{"class":86},[47,52563,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52565,83],{"class":82},[47,52567,87],{"class":86},[47,52569,11337],{"class":82},[47,52571,87],{"class":86},[47,52573,17486],{"class":90},[47,52575,110],{"class":86},[47,52577,51585],{"class":113},[20,52579,37770,52580,52582,52583,837,52585,94],{},[15,52581,2233],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52584,15419],{},[15,52586,52587],{},"\"age\"",[20,52589,52590],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,52592,52594],{"className":40,"code":52593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52595,52596,52609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52597,52598,52600,52602,52604,52607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52599,54],{"class":53},[47,52601,58],{"class":57},[47,52603,62],{"class":61},[47,52605,52606],{"class":65},"a b",[47,52608,69],{"class":61},[47,52610,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52612,83],{"class":82},[47,52614,87],{"class":86},[47,52616,11337],{"class":82},[47,52618,87],{"class":86},[47,52620,91],{"class":90},[47,52622,110],{"class":86},[47,52624,50942],{"class":113},[20,52626,52627],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[149,52629,1962],{"id":1961},[469,52631,52633],{"id":52632},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52635,52636],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[469,52638,52640],{"id":52639},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52642,52643],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[469,52645,52647],{"id":52646},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52649,52650],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[469,52652,52654],{"id":52653},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52656,52657,52658,52660,52661,32,52663,52665,52666,94],{},"No. Using ",[15,52659,42536],{}," on an ",[15,52662,2365],{},[15,52664,2369],{}," raises a ",[15,52667,3182],{},[469,52669,52671],{"id":52670},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52673,7938,52674,94],{},[15,52675,52676],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52678,183],{},[38,52680,52682],{"className":40,"code":52681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52683,52684,52692,52696,52714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52685,52686,52688,52690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52687,8484],{"class":53},[47,52689,58],{"class":57},[47,52691,8015],{"class":86},[47,52693,52694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52695,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708,52710,52712],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,52699,723],{"class":752},[47,52701,38561],{"class":82},[47,52703,87],{"class":86},[47,52705,8515],{"class":90},[47,52707,1696],{"class":86},[47,52709,6587],{"class":57},[47,52711,4014],{"class":445},[47,52713,795],{"class":86},[47,52715,52716,52718,52720,52722,52725,52727],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,52717,776],{"class":82},[47,52719,87],{"class":86},[47,52721,102],{"class":61},[47,52723,52724],{"class":65},"Empty list",[47,52726,102],{"class":61},[47,52728,286],{"class":86},[20,52730,52731,52732,52734,52735,52737,52738,52740],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52733,35],{}," in an ",[15,52736,723],{}," statement, but ",[15,52739,42536],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[149,52742,2062],{"id":2061},[162,52744,52745,52749,52753,52757,52762,52766,52772],{},[165,52746,52747],{},[455,52748,51147],{"href":457},[165,52750,52751],{},[455,52752,51151],{"href":51150},[165,52754,52755],{},[455,52756,9330],{"href":9329},[165,52758,52759],{},[455,52760,52761],{"href":51716},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[165,52763,52764],{},[455,52765,8617],{"href":2477},[165,52767,52768],{},[455,52769,52771],{"href":52770},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[165,52773,52774],{},[455,52775,52776],{"href":52307},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2093,52778,52779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":52781},[52782,52783,52784,52785,52786,52787,52788,52794,52795,52796,52797,52804],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":50950,"depth":72,"text":50951},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":51293,"depth":72,"text":51294},{"id":51480,"depth":72,"text":51481},{"id":51720,"depth":72,"text":51721},{"id":41219,"depth":72,"text":41220,"children":52789},[52790,52791,52792,52793],{"id":51939,"depth":79,"text":51940},{"id":51993,"depth":79,"text":51994},{"id":52044,"depth":79,"text":52045},{"id":52125,"depth":79,"text":52126},{"id":52197,"depth":72,"text":52198},{"id":52311,"depth":72,"text":52312},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":52798},[52799,52800,52801,52802,52803],{"id":52632,"depth":79,"text":52633},{"id":52639,"depth":79,"text":52640},{"id":52646,"depth":79,"text":52647},{"id":52653,"depth":79,"text":52654},{"id":52670,"depth":79,"text":52671},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50833,"description":52805},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52812,"title":52813,"body":52814,"description":54497,"extension":2138,"meta":54498,"navigation":75,"path":54499,"seo":54500,"stem":54501,"__hash__":54502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52815,"toc":54470},[52816,52819,52832,52838,52840,52894,52899,52903,52919,52922,52936,52942,52944,52947,52966,52982,52984,53060,53062,53099,53110,53112,53115,53176,53178,53211,53214,53220,53224,53227,53352,53354,53413,53421,53474,53476,53503,53509,53519,53523,53526,53531,53583,53585,53611,53617,53671,53673,53698,53701,53725,53731,53733,53737,53739,53796,53798,53806,53808,53830,53832,53885,53887,53911,53915,53917,53956,53958,53966,53972,53976,54028,54030,54056,54064,54068,54073,54082,54084,54150,54152,54184,54188,54193,54195,54209,54212,54285,54287,54312,54314,54318,54325,54329,54336,54340,54343,54345,54398,54400,54426,54430,54439,54441,54467],[10,52817,52813],{"id":52818},"python-list-append-method",[20,52820,842,52821,52824,52825,52828,52829,52831],{},[15,52822,52823],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3922,52826,52827],{},"one item"," to the ",[3922,52830,575],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52833,52834,52835,52837],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3922,52836,4813],{}," create a new list.",[149,52839,3788],{"id":3787},[38,52841,52843],{"className":40,"code":52842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52844,52845,52865,52879,52889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52846,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52848,3798],{"class":53},[47,52850,58],{"class":57},[47,52852,3803],{"class":86},[47,52854,1598],{"class":445},[47,52856,309],{"class":86},[47,52858,1769],{"class":445},[47,52860,309],{"class":86},[47,52862,2630],{"class":445},[47,52864,3816],{"class":86},[47,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52868,3830],{"class":53},[47,52870,94],{"class":86},[47,52872,13732],{"class":90},[47,52874,87],{"class":86},[47,52876,2682],{"class":445},[47,52878,286],{"class":86},[47,52880,52881,52883,52885,52887],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,52882,83],{"class":82},[47,52884,87],{"class":86},[47,52886,3830],{"class":90},[47,52888,286],{"class":86},[47,52890,52891],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,52892,52893],{"class":113},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52895,144,52896,52898],{},[15,52897,52823],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[149,52900,52902],{"id":52901},"what-append-does","What append() does",[162,52904,52905,52910,52913,52916],{},[165,52906,52907,52909],{},[15,52908,52823],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[165,52911,52912],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[165,52914,52915],{},"It does not create a new list",[165,52917,52918],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52920,52921],{},"This means you can append:",[162,52923,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934],{},[165,52925,3830],{},[165,52927,5488],{},[165,52929,40769],{},[165,52931,5479],{},[165,52933,7427],{},[165,52935,34838],{},[20,52937,52938,52939,94],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[455,52940,52941],{"href":51150},"Python lists explained for beginners",[149,52943,5610],{"id":5609},[20,52945,52946],{},"Basic form:",[38,52948,52950],{"className":40,"code":52949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52951,52952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52953,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52955,8515],{"class":53},[47,52957,94],{"class":86},[47,52959,13732],{"class":90},[47,52961,87],{"class":86},[47,52963,23487],{"class":90},[47,52965,286],{"class":86},[162,52967,52968,52973,52978],{},[165,52969,52970,52972],{},[15,52971,8515],{}," is the list you want to change",[165,52974,52975,52977],{},[15,52976,23487],{}," is the value or object to add",[165,52979,12088,52980],{},[15,52981,3958],{},[20,52983,183],{},[38,52985,52987],{"className":40,"code":52986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52988,52989,53013,53036,53040,53050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52992,36414],{"class":53},[47,52994,58],{"class":57},[47,52996,3803],{"class":86},[47,52998,102],{"class":61},[47,53000,4260],{"class":65},[47,53002,102],{"class":61},[47,53004,309],{"class":86},[47,53006,62],{"class":61},[47,53008,491],{"class":65},[47,53010,102],{"class":61},[47,53012,3816],{"class":86},[47,53014,53015,53017,53019,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53016,2407],{"class":53},[47,53018,58],{"class":57},[47,53020,53021],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,53023,94],{"class":86},[47,53025,13732],{"class":90},[47,53027,87],{"class":86},[47,53029,102],{"class":61},[47,53031,33396],{"class":65},[47,53033,102],{"class":61},[47,53035,286],{"class":86},[47,53037,53038],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53039,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53041,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53043,83],{"class":82},[47,53045,87],{"class":86},[47,53047,36466],{"class":90},[47,53049,286],{"class":86},[47,53051,53052,53054,53056,53058],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,53053,83],{"class":82},[47,53055,87],{"class":86},[47,53057,2442],{"class":90},[47,53059,286],{"class":86},[20,53061,814],{},[38,53063,53065],{"className":40,"code":53064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53066,53067,53095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53068,53069,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53070,4080],{"class":86},[47,53072,3479],{"class":61},[47,53074,4260],{"class":65},[47,53076,3479],{"class":61},[47,53078,309],{"class":86},[47,53080,3474],{"class":61},[47,53082,491],{"class":65},[47,53084,3479],{"class":61},[47,53086,309],{"class":86},[47,53088,3474],{"class":61},[47,53090,33396],{"class":65},[47,53092,3479],{"class":61},[47,53094,3816],{"class":86},[47,53096,53097],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53098,11985],{"class":4032},[20,53100,53101,53102,53104,53105,53107,53108,94],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53103,52823],{}," updates ",[15,53106,36466],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53109,3958],{},[149,53111,11651],{"id":11650},[20,53113,53114],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,53116,53118],{"className":40,"code":53117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53119,53120,53144,53162,53166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53121,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53123,13254],{"class":53},[47,53125,58],{"class":57},[47,53127,3803],{"class":86},[47,53129,102],{"class":61},[47,53131,13271],{"class":65},[47,53133,102],{"class":61},[47,53135,309],{"class":86},[47,53137,62],{"class":61},[47,53139,13288],{"class":65},[47,53141,102],{"class":61},[47,53143,3816],{"class":86},[47,53145,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53147,17680],{"class":53},[47,53149,94],{"class":86},[47,53151,13732],{"class":90},[47,53153,87],{"class":86},[47,53155,102],{"class":61},[47,53157,17633],{"class":65},[47,53159,102],{"class":61},[47,53161,286],{"class":86},[47,53163,53164],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53165,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53167,53168,53170,53172,53174],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53169,83],{"class":82},[47,53171,87],{"class":86},[47,53173,17680],{"class":90},[47,53175,286],{"class":86},[20,53177,814],{},[38,53179,53181],{"className":40,"code":53180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53182,53183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53184,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53186,4080],{"class":86},[47,53188,3479],{"class":61},[47,53190,13271],{"class":65},[47,53192,3479],{"class":61},[47,53194,309],{"class":86},[47,53196,3474],{"class":61},[47,53198,13288],{"class":65},[47,53200,3479],{"class":61},[47,53202,309],{"class":86},[47,53204,3474],{"class":61},[47,53206,17633],{"class":65},[47,53208,3479],{"class":61},[47,53210,3816],{"class":86},[20,53212,53213],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53215,31258,53216,94],{},[455,53217,53219],{"href":53218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[149,53221,53223],{"id":53222},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53225,53226],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,53228,53230],{"className":40,"code":53229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53231,53232,53240,53244,53258,53276,53290,53316,53338,53342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53233,53234,53236,53238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53235,7955],{"class":53},[47,53237,58],{"class":57},[47,53239,8015],{"class":86},[47,53241,53242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53243,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53245,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53247,7986],{"class":53},[47,53249,94],{"class":86},[47,53251,13732],{"class":90},[47,53253,87],{"class":86},[47,53255,2509],{"class":445},[47,53257,286],{"class":86},[47,53259,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53261,7986],{"class":53},[47,53263,94],{"class":86},[47,53265,13732],{"class":90},[47,53267,87],{"class":86},[47,53269,102],{"class":61},[47,53271,386],{"class":65},[47,53273,102],{"class":61},[47,53275,286],{"class":86},[47,53277,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,53279,7986],{"class":53},[47,53281,94],{"class":86},[47,53283,13732],{"class":90},[47,53285,87],{"class":86},[47,53287,31],{"class":4032},[47,53289,286],{"class":86},[47,53291,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,53293,7986],{"class":53},[47,53295,94],{"class":86},[47,53297,13732],{"class":90},[47,53299,5708],{"class":86},[47,53301,102],{"class":61},[47,53303,214],{"class":65},[47,53305,102],{"class":61},[47,53307,3062],{"class":86},[47,53309,62],{"class":61},[47,53311,7852],{"class":65},[47,53313,102],{"class":61},[47,53315,30673],{"class":86},[47,53317,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,53319,7986],{"class":53},[47,53321,94],{"class":86},[47,53323,13732],{"class":90},[47,53325,3163],{"class":86},[47,53327,1598],{"class":445},[47,53329,309],{"class":86},[47,53331,1769],{"class":445},[47,53333,309],{"class":86},[47,53335,2630],{"class":445},[47,53337,4068],{"class":86},[47,53339,53340],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,53341,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53343,53344,53346,53348,53350],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,53345,83],{"class":82},[47,53347,87],{"class":86},[47,53349,7986],{"class":90},[47,53351,286],{"class":86},[20,53353,814],{},[38,53355,53357],{"className":40,"code":53356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53358,53359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53360,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53362,4080],{"class":86},[47,53364,2509],{"class":445},[47,53366,309],{"class":86},[47,53368,3474],{"class":61},[47,53370,386],{"class":65},[47,53372,3479],{"class":61},[47,53374,309],{"class":86},[47,53376,4096],{"class":4032},[47,53378,309],{"class":86},[47,53380,10665],{"class":86},[47,53382,3479],{"class":61},[47,53384,214],{"class":65},[47,53386,3479],{"class":61},[47,53388,3062],{"class":86},[47,53390,3474],{"class":61},[47,53392,7852],{"class":65},[47,53394,3479],{"class":61},[47,53396,53397],{"class":86},"},",[47,53399,3803],{"class":86},[47,53401,1598],{"class":445},[47,53403,309],{"class":86},[47,53405,1769],{"class":445},[47,53407,309],{"class":86},[47,53409,2630],{"class":445},[47,53411,53412],{"class":86},"]]\n",[20,53414,53415,53416,42330,53418,94],{},"A list added with ",[15,53417,52823],{},[3922,53419,53420],{},"one single item",[38,53422,53424],{"className":40,"code":53423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53425,53426,53442,53460,53464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53427,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53429,3798],{"class":53},[47,53431,58],{"class":57},[47,53433,3803],{"class":86},[47,53435,1598],{"class":445},[47,53437,309],{"class":86},[47,53439,1769],{"class":445},[47,53441,3816],{"class":86},[47,53443,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53445,3830],{"class":53},[47,53447,94],{"class":86},[47,53449,13732],{"class":90},[47,53451,3163],{"class":86},[47,53453,2239],{"class":445},[47,53455,309],{"class":86},[47,53457,912],{"class":445},[47,53459,4068],{"class":86},[47,53461,53462],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53463,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53465,53466,53468,53470,53472],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53467,83],{"class":82},[47,53469,87],{"class":86},[47,53471,3830],{"class":90},[47,53473,286],{"class":86},[20,53475,814],{},[38,53477,53479],{"className":40,"code":53478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53480,53481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53482,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53484,4080],{"class":86},[47,53486,1598],{"class":445},[47,53488,309],{"class":86},[47,53490,1769],{"class":445},[47,53492,309],{"class":86},[47,53494,3803],{"class":86},[47,53496,2239],{"class":445},[47,53498,309],{"class":86},[47,53500,912],{"class":445},[47,53502,53412],{"class":86},[20,53504,2464,53505,53508],{},[15,53506,53507],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53510,53511,53512,53518],{},"This is different from ",[455,53513,53515],{"href":53514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53516,53517],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[149,53520,53522],{"id":53521},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53524,53525],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[469,53527,831,53529],{"id":53528},"using-append",[15,53530,52823],{},[38,53532,53533],{"className":40,"code":53423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53534,53535,53551,53569,53573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53536,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53538,3798],{"class":53},[47,53540,58],{"class":57},[47,53542,3803],{"class":86},[47,53544,1598],{"class":445},[47,53546,309],{"class":86},[47,53548,1769],{"class":445},[47,53550,3816],{"class":86},[47,53552,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53554,3830],{"class":53},[47,53556,94],{"class":86},[47,53558,13732],{"class":90},[47,53560,3163],{"class":86},[47,53562,2239],{"class":445},[47,53564,309],{"class":86},[47,53566,912],{"class":445},[47,53568,4068],{"class":86},[47,53570,53571],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53572,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53574,53575,53577,53579,53581],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53576,83],{"class":82},[47,53578,87],{"class":86},[47,53580,3830],{"class":90},[47,53582,286],{"class":86},[20,53584,814],{},[38,53586,53587],{"className":40,"code":53478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53588,53589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53590,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53592,4080],{"class":86},[47,53594,1598],{"class":445},[47,53596,309],{"class":86},[47,53598,1769],{"class":445},[47,53600,309],{"class":86},[47,53602,3803],{"class":86},[47,53604,2239],{"class":445},[47,53606,309],{"class":86},[47,53608,912],{"class":445},[47,53610,53412],{"class":86},[469,53612,831,53614],{"id":53613},"using-extend",[15,53615,53616],{},"extend()",[38,53618,53620],{"className":40,"code":53619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53621,53622,53638,53657,53661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53625,3798],{"class":53},[47,53627,58],{"class":57},[47,53629,3803],{"class":86},[47,53631,1598],{"class":445},[47,53633,309],{"class":86},[47,53635,1769],{"class":445},[47,53637,3816],{"class":86},[47,53639,53640,53642,53644,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53641,3830],{"class":53},[47,53643,94],{"class":86},[47,53645,53646],{"class":90},"extend",[47,53648,3163],{"class":86},[47,53650,2239],{"class":445},[47,53652,309],{"class":86},[47,53654,912],{"class":445},[47,53656,4068],{"class":86},[47,53658,53659],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53660,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53662,53663,53665,53667,53669],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53664,83],{"class":82},[47,53666,87],{"class":86},[47,53668,3830],{"class":90},[47,53670,286],{"class":86},[20,53672,814],{},[38,53674,53676],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53677,53678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53679,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53681,4080],{"class":86},[47,53683,1598],{"class":445},[47,53685,309],{"class":86},[47,53687,1769],{"class":445},[47,53689,309],{"class":86},[47,53691,2630],{"class":445},[47,53693,309],{"class":86},[47,53695,912],{"class":445},[47,53697,3816],{"class":86},[20,53699,53700],{},"The difference:",[162,53702,53703,53709,53715,53720],{},[165,53704,53705,53708],{},[15,53706,53707],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[165,53710,53711,53714],{},[15,53712,53713],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[165,53716,144,53717,53719],{},[15,53718,52823],{}," for one item",[165,53721,144,53722,53724],{},[15,53723,53616],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53726,53727,53728,94],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[455,53729,53730],{"href":53514},"Python list extend() method",[149,53732,4700],{"id":4699},[469,53734,53736],{"id":53735},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53738,25868],{},[38,53740,53742],{"className":40,"code":53741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53743,53744,53764,53782,53786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53745,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53747,7955],{"class":53},[47,53749,58],{"class":57},[47,53751,3803],{"class":86},[47,53753,1598],{"class":445},[47,53755,309],{"class":86},[47,53757,1769],{"class":445},[47,53759,309],{"class":86},[47,53761,2630],{"class":445},[47,53763,3816],{"class":86},[47,53765,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53767,7955],{"class":53},[47,53769,58],{"class":57},[47,53771,6145],{"class":53},[47,53773,94],{"class":86},[47,53775,13732],{"class":90},[47,53777,87],{"class":86},[47,53779,2682],{"class":445},[47,53781,286],{"class":86},[47,53783,53784],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53785,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53787,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53789,83],{"class":82},[47,53791,87],{"class":86},[47,53793,7986],{"class":90},[47,53795,286],{"class":86},[20,53797,814],{},[38,53799,53800],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53801,53802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53803,53804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53805,11985],{"class":4032},[20,53807,12077],{},[162,53809,53810,53815,53821],{},[165,53811,53812,53814],{},[15,53813,52823],{}," changes the list in place",[165,53816,53817,2576,53819],{},[15,53818,52823],{},[15,53820,3958],{},[165,53822,53823,53824,53827,53828],{},"So ",[15,53825,53826],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53829,3958],{},[20,53831,10982],{},[38,53833,53835],{"className":40,"code":53834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53836,53837,53857,53871,53875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53838,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53840,7955],{"class":53},[47,53842,58],{"class":57},[47,53844,3803],{"class":86},[47,53846,1598],{"class":445},[47,53848,309],{"class":86},[47,53850,1769],{"class":445},[47,53852,309],{"class":86},[47,53854,2630],{"class":445},[47,53856,3816],{"class":86},[47,53858,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53860,7986],{"class":53},[47,53862,94],{"class":86},[47,53864,13732],{"class":90},[47,53866,87],{"class":86},[47,53868,2682],{"class":445},[47,53870,286],{"class":86},[47,53872,53873],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,53874,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,53876,53877,53879,53881,53883],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,53878,83],{"class":82},[47,53880,87],{"class":86},[47,53882,7986],{"class":90},[47,53884,286],{"class":86},[20,53886,814],{},[38,53888,53889],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53890,53891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53892,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907,53909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53894,4080],{"class":86},[47,53896,1598],{"class":445},[47,53898,309],{"class":86},[47,53900,1769],{"class":445},[47,53902,309],{"class":86},[47,53904,2630],{"class":445},[47,53906,309],{"class":86},[47,53908,912],{"class":445},[47,53910,3816],{"class":86},[469,53912,53914],{"id":53913},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53916,19092],{},[38,53918,53920],{"className":40,"code":53919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53921,53922,53946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53923,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53925,32058],{"class":53},[47,53927,58],{"class":57},[47,53929,3803],{"class":86},[47,53931,1598],{"class":445},[47,53933,309],{"class":86},[47,53935,1769],{"class":445},[47,53937,13729],{"class":86},[47,53939,13732],{"class":90},[47,53941,87],{"class":86},[47,53943,2239],{"class":445},[47,53945,286],{"class":86},[47,53947,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53949,83],{"class":82},[47,53951,87],{"class":86},[47,53953,32077],{"class":90},[47,53955,286],{"class":86},[20,53957,814],{},[38,53959,53960],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53961,53962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53963,53964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53965,11985],{"class":4032},[20,53967,53968,53969,53971],{},"Remember: ",[15,53970,52823],{}," updates the list you already have.",[469,53973,53975],{"id":53974},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,53977,53978],{"className":40,"code":53423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53979,53980,53996,54014,54018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53983,3798],{"class":53},[47,53985,58],{"class":57},[47,53987,3803],{"class":86},[47,53989,1598],{"class":445},[47,53991,309],{"class":86},[47,53993,1769],{"class":445},[47,53995,3816],{"class":86},[47,53997,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53999,3830],{"class":53},[47,54001,94],{"class":86},[47,54003,13732],{"class":90},[47,54005,3163],{"class":86},[47,54007,2239],{"class":445},[47,54009,309],{"class":86},[47,54011,912],{"class":445},[47,54013,4068],{"class":86},[47,54015,54016],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54017,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54019,54020,54022,54024,54026],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54021,83],{"class":82},[47,54023,87],{"class":86},[47,54025,3830],{"class":90},[47,54027,286],{"class":86},[20,54029,814],{},[38,54031,54032],{"className":40,"code":53478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54033,54034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052,54054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54037,4080],{"class":86},[47,54039,1598],{"class":445},[47,54041,309],{"class":86},[47,54043,1769],{"class":445},[47,54045,309],{"class":86},[47,54047,3803],{"class":86},[47,54049,2239],{"class":445},[47,54051,309],{"class":86},[47,54053,912],{"class":445},[47,54055,53412],{"class":86},[20,54057,3347,54058,54061,54062,6808],{},[15,54059,54060],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54063,53616],{},[469,54065,54067],{"id":54066},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54069,54070,54072],{},[15,54071,52823],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54074,54075,54076,94],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[455,54077,54079],{"href":54078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54080,54081],{},"list.insert()",[20,54083,183],{},[38,54085,54087],{"className":40,"code":54086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54088,54089,54113,54136,54140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54090,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54092,36265],{"class":53},[47,54094,58],{"class":57},[47,54096,3803],{"class":86},[47,54098,102],{"class":61},[47,54100,455],{"class":65},[47,54102,102],{"class":61},[47,54104,309],{"class":86},[47,54106,62],{"class":61},[47,54108,9913],{"class":65},[47,54110,102],{"class":61},[47,54112,3816],{"class":86},[47,54114,54115,54117,54119,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54116,36318],{"class":53},[47,54118,94],{"class":86},[47,54120,54121],{"class":90},"insert",[47,54123,87],{"class":86},[47,54125,1598],{"class":445},[47,54127,309],{"class":86},[47,54129,62],{"class":61},[47,54131,2014],{"class":65},[47,54133,102],{"class":61},[47,54135,286],{"class":86},[47,54137,54138],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54139,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54143,83],{"class":82},[47,54145,87],{"class":86},[47,54147,36318],{"class":90},[47,54149,286],{"class":86},[20,54151,814],{},[38,54153,54154],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54155,54156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54157,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54159,4080],{"class":86},[47,54161,3479],{"class":61},[47,54163,455],{"class":65},[47,54165,3479],{"class":61},[47,54167,309],{"class":86},[47,54169,3474],{"class":61},[47,54171,2014],{"class":65},[47,54173,3479],{"class":61},[47,54175,309],{"class":86},[47,54177,3474],{"class":61},[47,54179,9913],{"class":65},[47,54181,3479],{"class":61},[47,54183,3816],{"class":86},[149,54185,54187],{"id":54186},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54189,54190,54192],{},[15,54191,52823],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54194,36601],{},[162,54196,54197,54200,54203,54206],{},[165,54198,54199],{},"building a list in a loop",[165,54201,54202],{},"collecting user input",[165,54204,54205],{},"storing results step by step",[165,54207,54208],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54210,54211],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,54213,54215],{"className":40,"code":54214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54216,54217,54226,54230,54251,54270,54274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54218,54219,54222,54224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54220,54221],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,54223,58],{"class":57},[47,54225,8015],{"class":86},[47,54227,54228],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54229,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54231,54232,54234,54236,54238,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54233,6137],{"class":752},[47,54235,6566],{"class":53},[47,54237,1613],{"class":752},[47,54239,54240],{"class":82}," range",[47,54242,87],{"class":86},[47,54244,1598],{"class":445},[47,54246,309],{"class":86},[47,54248,4787],{"class":445},[47,54250,771],{"class":86},[47,54252,54253,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54254,54255],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,54257,94],{"class":86},[47,54259,13732],{"class":90},[47,54261,87],{"class":86},[47,54263,2394],{"class":90},[47,54265,40047],{"class":57},[47,54267,2374],{"class":90},[47,54269,286],{"class":86},[47,54271,54272],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,54273,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54275,54276,54278,54280,54283],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,54277,83],{"class":82},[47,54279,87],{"class":86},[47,54281,54282],{"class":90},"squares",[47,54284,286],{"class":86},[20,54286,814],{},[38,54288,54290],{"className":40,"code":54289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54291,54292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54293,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54295,4080],{"class":86},[47,54297,1598],{"class":445},[47,54299,309],{"class":86},[47,54301,912],{"class":445},[47,54303,309],{"class":86},[47,54305,627],{"class":445},[47,54307,309],{"class":86},[47,54309,14167],{"class":445},[47,54311,3816],{"class":86},[149,54313,1962],{"id":1961},[469,54315,54317],{"id":54316},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54319,46538,54320,54322,54323,94],{},[15,54321,52823],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54324,3958],{},[469,54326,54328],{"id":54327},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54330,54331,54332,94],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[455,54333,54334],{"href":53514},[15,54335,53616],{},[469,54337,54339],{"id":54338},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54341,54342],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54344,183],{},[38,54346,54348],{"className":40,"code":54347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54349,54350,54366,54384,54388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54351,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54353,9340],{"class":53},[47,54355,58],{"class":57},[47,54357,3803],{"class":86},[47,54359,1598],{"class":445},[47,54361,309],{"class":86},[47,54363,1769],{"class":445},[47,54365,3816],{"class":86},[47,54367,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54369,9379],{"class":53},[47,54371,94],{"class":86},[47,54373,13732],{"class":90},[47,54375,3163],{"class":86},[47,54377,2239],{"class":445},[47,54379,309],{"class":86},[47,54381,912],{"class":445},[47,54383,4068],{"class":86},[47,54385,54386],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54387,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54389,54390,54392,54394,54396],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54391,83],{"class":82},[47,54393,87],{"class":86},[47,54395,9379],{"class":90},[47,54397,286],{"class":86},[20,54399,814],{},[38,54401,54402],{"className":40,"code":53478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54403,54404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54405,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54407,4080],{"class":86},[47,54409,1598],{"class":445},[47,54411,309],{"class":86},[47,54413,1769],{"class":445},[47,54415,309],{"class":86},[47,54417,3803],{"class":86},[47,54419,2239],{"class":445},[47,54421,309],{"class":86},[47,54423,912],{"class":445},[47,54425,53412],{"class":86},[469,54427,54429],{"id":54428},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54431,54432,54434,54435,54438],{},[15,54433,52823],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54436,54437],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[149,54440,2062],{"id":2061},[162,54442,54443,54448,54452,54457,54461],{},[165,54444,54445],{},[455,54446,54447],{"href":53218},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[165,54449,54450],{},[455,54451,53730],{"href":53514},[165,54453,54454],{},[455,54455,54456],{"href":54078},"Python list insert() method",[165,54458,54459],{},[455,54460,52941],{"href":51150},[165,54462,54463],{},[455,54464,54466],{"href":54465},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2093,54468,54469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":54471},[54472,54473,54474,54475,54476,54477,54483,54489,54490,54496],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":52901,"depth":72,"text":52902},{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":53222,"depth":72,"text":53223},{"id":53521,"depth":72,"text":53522,"children":54478},[54479,54481],{"id":53528,"depth":79,"text":54480},"Using append()",{"id":53613,"depth":79,"text":54482},"Using extend()",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":54484},[54485,54486,54487,54488],{"id":53735,"depth":79,"text":53736},{"id":53913,"depth":79,"text":53914},{"id":53974,"depth":79,"text":53975},{"id":54066,"depth":79,"text":54067},{"id":54186,"depth":72,"text":54187},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":54491},[54492,54493,54494,54495],{"id":54316,"depth":79,"text":54317},{"id":54327,"depth":79,"text":54328},{"id":54338,"depth":79,"text":54339},{"id":54428,"depth":79,"text":54429},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52813,"description":54497},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54504,"title":54505,"body":54506,"description":55750,"extension":2138,"meta":55751,"navigation":75,"path":55752,"seo":55753,"stem":55754,"__hash__":55755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54507,"toc":55715},[54508,54514,54520,54526,54528,54576,54581,54586,54590,54606,54612,54614,54617,54632,54634,54645,54647,54649,54706,54708,54716,54718,54734,54740,54742,54748,54752,54836,54839,54888,54895,54903,54906,54920,54933,54939,55014,55021,55028,55102,55110,55113,55124,55133,55137,55141,55152,55154,55231,55252,55254,55264,55267,55315,55317,55338,55341,55343,55394,55400,55407,55474,55480,55486,55489,55516,55521,55527,55530,55602,55605,55616,55622,55624,55630,55633,55639,55645,55652,55660,55666,55672,55674,55712],[10,54509,54511,54512,18],{"id":54510},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54513,11497],{},[20,54515,54516,54519],{},[15,54517,54518],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54521,54522,54523,54525],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3922,54524,11509],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[149,54527,3788],{"id":3787},[38,54529,54531],{"className":40,"code":54530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54532,54533,54553,54563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54534,54535,54537,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54536,7955],{"class":53},[47,54538,58],{"class":57},[47,54540,3803],{"class":86},[47,54542,1598],{"class":445},[47,54544,309],{"class":86},[47,54546,1769],{"class":445},[47,54548,309],{"class":86},[47,54550,2630],{"class":445},[47,54552,3816],{"class":86},[47,54554,54555,54557,54559,54561],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54556,7986],{"class":53},[47,54558,94],{"class":86},[47,54560,11558],{"class":90},[47,54562,8817],{"class":86},[47,54564,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54566,83],{"class":82},[47,54568,87],{"class":86},[47,54570,7986],{"class":90},[47,54572,1696],{"class":86},[47,54574,54575],{"class":113},"  # []\n",[20,54577,144,54578,54580],{},[15,54579,11497],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[149,54582,152,54584,155],{"id":54583},"what-listclear-does",[15,54585,54518],{},[20,54587,54588,3062],{},[15,54589,54518],{},[162,54591,54592,54595,54598,54603],{},[165,54593,54594],{},"Removes every item from a list",[165,54596,54597],{},"Changes the original list in place",[165,54599,54600,54601],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54602,3967],{},[165,54604,54605],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54607,54608,54609,54611],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54610,11497],{},", but it contains no values.",[149,54613,261],{"id":260},[20,54615,54616],{},"Syntax:",[38,54618,54620],{"className":40,"code":54619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54621,54622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54625,8515],{"class":53},[47,54627,94],{"class":86},[47,54629,11558],{"class":90},[47,54631,8817],{"class":86},[20,54633,11634],{},[162,54635,54636,54639,54642],{},[165,54637,54638],{},"Call it on a list object",[165,54640,54641],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[165,54643,54644],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[149,54646,11651],{"id":11650},[20,54648,11654],{},[38,54650,54652],{"className":40,"code":54651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54653,54654,54678,54682,54692,54696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54655,54656,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54657,3798],{"class":53},[47,54659,58],{"class":57},[47,54661,3803],{"class":86},[47,54663,2509],{"class":445},[47,54665,309],{"class":86},[47,54667,7966],{"class":445},[47,54669,309],{"class":86},[47,54671,7971],{"class":445},[47,54673,309],{"class":86},[47,54675,51015],{"class":445},[47,54677,3816],{"class":86},[47,54679,54680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54681,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54683,54684,54686,54688,54690],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54685,3830],{"class":53},[47,54687,94],{"class":86},[47,54689,11558],{"class":90},[47,54691,8817],{"class":86},[47,54693,54694],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54695,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54697,54698,54700,54702,54704],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,54699,83],{"class":82},[47,54701,87],{"class":86},[47,54703,3830],{"class":90},[47,54705,286],{"class":86},[20,54707,814],{},[38,54709,54710],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54711,54712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54713,54714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54715,38472],{"class":86},[20,54717,11860],{},[162,54719,54720,54725,54731],{},[165,54721,54722,54724],{},[15,54723,3830],{}," starts with four items",[165,54726,54727,54730],{},[15,54728,54729],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[165,54732,54733],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54735,54736,54737,94],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[455,54738,52941],{"href":54739},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[149,54741,700],{"id":699},[20,54743,54744,2576,54746,94],{},[15,54745,11497],{},[15,54747,3958],{},[20,54749,41080,54750,52837],{},[3922,54751,4813],{},[38,54753,54755],{"className":40,"code":54754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54756,54757,54789,54793,54807,54811,54824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54758,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54760,7955],{"class":53},[47,54762,58],{"class":57},[47,54764,3803],{"class":86},[47,54766,102],{"class":61},[47,54768,455],{"class":65},[47,54770,102],{"class":61},[47,54772,309],{"class":86},[47,54774,62],{"class":61},[47,54776,2014],{"class":65},[47,54778,102],{"class":61},[47,54780,309],{"class":86},[47,54782,62],{"class":61},[47,54784,9913],{"class":65},[47,54786,102],{"class":61},[47,54788,3816],{"class":86},[47,54790,54791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54792,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54794,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54796,2407],{"class":53},[47,54798,58],{"class":57},[47,54800,6145],{"class":53},[47,54802,94],{"class":86},[47,54804,11558],{"class":90},[47,54806,8817],{"class":86},[47,54808,54809],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54810,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54812,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,54814,83],{"class":82},[47,54816,87],{"class":86},[47,54818,7986],{"class":90},[47,54820,1696],{"class":86},[47,54822,54823],{"class":113},"   # []\n",[47,54825,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,54827,83],{"class":82},[47,54829,87],{"class":86},[47,54831,2442],{"class":90},[47,54833,1696],{"class":86},[47,54835,21054],{"class":113},[20,54837,54838],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,54840,54842],{"className":40,"code":54841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54843,54844,54864,54878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54847,7955],{"class":53},[47,54849,58],{"class":57},[47,54851,3803],{"class":86},[47,54853,1598],{"class":445},[47,54855,309],{"class":86},[47,54857,1769],{"class":445},[47,54859,309],{"class":86},[47,54861,2630],{"class":445},[47,54863,3816],{"class":86},[47,54865,54866,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54867,7955],{"class":53},[47,54869,58],{"class":57},[47,54871,6145],{"class":53},[47,54873,94],{"class":86},[47,54875,11558],{"class":90},[47,54877,8817],{"class":86},[47,54879,54880,54882,54884,54886],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54881,83],{"class":82},[47,54883,87],{"class":86},[47,54885,7986],{"class":90},[47,54887,286],{"class":86},[20,54889,12093,54890,42330,54892,54894],{},[15,54891,7986],{},[15,54893,3958],{},", not an empty list.",[149,54896,54898,54900,54901],{"id":54897},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54899,11497],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54902,3967],{},[20,54904,54905],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,54907,54908],{"className":40,"code":54619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54909,54910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54913,8515],{"class":53},[47,54915,94],{"class":86},[47,54917,11558],{"class":90},[47,54919,8817],{"class":86},[38,54921,54923],{"className":40,"code":54922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,54924,54925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54926,54927,54929,54931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54928,8484],{"class":53},[47,54930,58],{"class":57},[47,54932,8015],{"class":86},[469,54934,54936,54938],{"id":54935},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54937,11497],{}," empties the same list object",[38,54940,54942],{"className":40,"code":54941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54943,54944,54964,54972,54976,54986,54990,55002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54947,2732],{"class":53},[47,54949,58],{"class":57},[47,54951,3803],{"class":86},[47,54953,1598],{"class":445},[47,54955,309],{"class":86},[47,54957,1769],{"class":445},[47,54959,309],{"class":86},[47,54961,2630],{"class":445},[47,54963,3816],{"class":86},[47,54965,54966,54968,54970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54967,2760],{"class":53},[47,54969,58],{"class":57},[47,54971,36350],{"class":53},[47,54973,54974],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,54975,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,54979,455],{"class":53},[47,54981,94],{"class":86},[47,54983,11558],{"class":90},[47,54985,8817],{"class":86},[47,54987,54988],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,54989,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,54991,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,54993,83],{"class":82},[47,54995,87],{"class":86},[47,54997,455],{"class":90},[47,54999,1696],{"class":86},[47,55001,54575],{"class":113},[47,55003,55004,55006,55008,55010,55012],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,55005,83],{"class":82},[47,55007,87],{"class":86},[47,55009,2014],{"class":90},[47,55011,1696],{"class":86},[47,55013,54575],{"class":113},[20,55015,10765,55016,837,55018,55020],{},[15,55017,455],{},[15,55019,2014],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[469,55022,55024,55027],{"id":55023},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55025,55026],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,55029,55031],{"className":40,"code":55030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55032,55033,55053,55061,55065,55073,55077,55089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55034,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55036,2732],{"class":53},[47,55038,58],{"class":57},[47,55040,3803],{"class":86},[47,55042,1598],{"class":445},[47,55044,309],{"class":86},[47,55046,1769],{"class":445},[47,55048,309],{"class":86},[47,55050,2630],{"class":445},[47,55052,3816],{"class":86},[47,55054,55055,55057,55059],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55056,2760],{"class":53},[47,55058,58],{"class":57},[47,55060,36350],{"class":53},[47,55062,55063],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55064,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55066,55067,55069,55071],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55068,2732],{"class":53},[47,55070,58],{"class":57},[47,55072,8015],{"class":86},[47,55074,55075],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55076,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55078,55079,55081,55083,55085,55087],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,55080,83],{"class":82},[47,55082,87],{"class":86},[47,55084,455],{"class":90},[47,55086,1696],{"class":86},[47,55088,54575],{"class":113},[47,55090,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,55092,83],{"class":82},[47,55094,87],{"class":86},[47,55096,2014],{"class":90},[47,55098,1696],{"class":86},[47,55100,55101],{"class":113},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55103,340,55104,55106,55107,55109],{},[15,55105,455],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55108,2014],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55111,55112],{},"This difference matters when:",[162,55114,55115,55118,55121],{},[165,55116,55117],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[165,55119,55120],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[165,55122,55123],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55125,55126,55127,94],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[455,55128,55130,55131,1168],{"href":55129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55132,12954],{},[149,55134,1321,55135],{"id":12615},[15,55136,11497],{},[20,55138,144,55139,6498],{},[15,55140,11497],{},[162,55142,55143,55146,55149],{},[165,55144,55145],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[165,55147,55148],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[165,55150,55151],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55153,183],{},[38,55155,55157],{"className":40,"code":55156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55158,55159,55195,55199,55204,55215,55219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55160,55161,55164,55166,55168,55170,55173,55175,55177,55179,55182,55184,55186,55188,55191,55193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55162,55163],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,55165,58],{"class":57},[47,55167,3803],{"class":86},[47,55169,102],{"class":61},[47,55171,55172],{"class":65},"milk",[47,55174,102],{"class":61},[47,55176,309],{"class":86},[47,55178,62],{"class":61},[47,55180,55181],{"class":65},"bread",[47,55183,102],{"class":61},[47,55185,309],{"class":86},[47,55187,62],{"class":61},[47,55189,55190],{"class":65},"eggs",[47,55192,102],{"class":61},[47,55194,3816],{"class":86},[47,55196,55197],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55198,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55200,55201],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55202,55203],{"class":113},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,55205,55206,55209,55211,55213],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55207,55208],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,55210,94],{"class":86},[47,55212,11558],{"class":90},[47,55214,8817],{"class":86},[47,55216,55217],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55218,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55220,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,55222,83],{"class":82},[47,55224,87],{"class":86},[47,55226,55208],{"class":90},[47,55228,1696],{"class":86},[47,55230,54575],{"class":113},[20,55232,55233,55234,55238,55239,55245,55246,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[455,55235,55237],{"href":55236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[455,55240,55242,1168],{"href":55241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55243,55244],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[455,55247,55249,1168],{"href":55248},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55250,55251],{},"list.pop()",[149,55253,4700],{"id":4699},[469,55255,55257,55258,11267,55261],{"id":55256},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55259,55260],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55262,55263],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55265,55266],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,55268,55270],{"className":40,"code":55269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55271,55272,55292,55296,55305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55273,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55275,7955],{"class":53},[47,55277,58],{"class":57},[47,55279,3803],{"class":86},[47,55281,1598],{"class":445},[47,55283,309],{"class":86},[47,55285,1769],{"class":445},[47,55287,309],{"class":86},[47,55289,2630],{"class":445},[47,55291,3816],{"class":86},[47,55293,55294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55295,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55297,55298,55300,55302],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55299,7986],{"class":53},[47,55301,94],{"class":86},[47,55303,55304],{"class":24927},"clear\n",[47,55306,55307,55309,55311,55313],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55308,83],{"class":82},[47,55310,87],{"class":86},[47,55312,7986],{"class":90},[47,55314,286],{"class":86},[20,55316,814],{},[38,55318,55320],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55321,55322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55323,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332,55334,55336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55325,4080],{"class":86},[47,55327,1598],{"class":445},[47,55329,309],{"class":86},[47,55331,1769],{"class":445},[47,55333,309],{"class":86},[47,55335,2630],{"class":445},[47,55337,3816],{"class":86},[20,55339,55340],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55342,10982],{},[38,55344,55346],{"className":40,"code":55345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55347,55348,55368,55372,55382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55349,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55351,7955],{"class":53},[47,55353,58],{"class":57},[47,55355,3803],{"class":86},[47,55357,1598],{"class":445},[47,55359,309],{"class":86},[47,55361,1769],{"class":445},[47,55363,309],{"class":86},[47,55365,2630],{"class":445},[47,55367,3816],{"class":86},[47,55369,55370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55371,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55373,55374,55376,55378,55380],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55375,7986],{"class":53},[47,55377,94],{"class":86},[47,55379,11558],{"class":90},[47,55381,8817],{"class":86},[47,55383,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55385,83],{"class":82},[47,55387,87],{"class":86},[47,55389,7986],{"class":90},[47,55391,1696],{"class":86},[47,55393,54575],{"class":113},[469,55395,8628,55397,55399],{"id":55396},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55398,11497],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55401,55402,2576,55404,55406],{},[15,55403,11497],{},[15,55405,3958],{},", not the list.",[38,55408,55410],{"className":40,"code":55409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55411,55412,55432,55446,55450,55462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55413,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55415,7955],{"class":53},[47,55417,58],{"class":57},[47,55419,3803],{"class":86},[47,55421,1598],{"class":445},[47,55423,309],{"class":86},[47,55425,1769],{"class":445},[47,55427,309],{"class":86},[47,55429,2630],{"class":445},[47,55431,3816],{"class":86},[47,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55435,2407],{"class":53},[47,55437,58],{"class":57},[47,55439,6145],{"class":53},[47,55441,94],{"class":86},[47,55443,11558],{"class":90},[47,55445,8817],{"class":86},[47,55447,55448],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55449,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55451,55452,55454,55456,55458,55460],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55453,83],{"class":82},[47,55455,87],{"class":86},[47,55457,2442],{"class":90},[47,55459,1696],{"class":86},[47,55461,21054],{"class":113},[47,55463,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55465,83],{"class":82},[47,55467,87],{"class":86},[47,55469,7986],{"class":90},[47,55471,1696],{"class":86},[47,55473,54823],{"class":113},[469,55475,831,55477,55479],{"id":55476},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55478,11497],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55481,55482,55483,55485],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55484,11497],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55487,55488],{},"This will fail:",[38,55490,55492],{"className":40,"code":55491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55493,55494,55506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55495,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55497,54],{"class":53},[47,55499,58],{"class":57},[47,55501,62],{"class":61},[47,55503,386],{"class":65},[47,55505,69],{"class":61},[47,55507,55508,55510,55512,55514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55509,91],{"class":53},[47,55511,94],{"class":86},[47,55513,11558],{"class":90},[47,55515,8817],{"class":86},[20,55517,55518,55519,33776],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55520,11497],{},[20,55522,55523,55524,55526],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55525,3958],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55528,55529],{},"Useful checks:",[38,55531,55533],{"className":40,"code":55532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55534,55535,55545,55559,55573,55582,55592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55536,55537,55539,55541,55543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55538,83],{"class":82},[47,55540,87],{"class":86},[47,55542,8515],{"class":90},[47,55544,286],{"class":86},[47,55546,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55548,83],{"class":82},[47,55550,87],{"class":86},[47,55552,1872],{"class":1570},[47,55554,87],{"class":86},[47,55556,8515],{"class":90},[47,55558,1879],{"class":86},[47,55560,55561,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55562,83],{"class":82},[47,55564,87],{"class":86},[47,55566,12827],{"class":82},[47,55568,87],{"class":86},[47,55570,8515],{"class":90},[47,55572,1879],{"class":86},[47,55574,55575,55577,55579],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55576,43723],{"class":53},[47,55578,58],{"class":57},[47,55580,55581],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55583,55584,55586,55588,55590],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55585,8515],{"class":53},[47,55587,94],{"class":86},[47,55589,11558],{"class":90},[47,55591,8817],{"class":86},[47,55593,55594,55596,55598,55600],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,55595,83],{"class":82},[47,55597,87],{"class":86},[47,55599,30920],{"class":90},[47,55601,286],{"class":86},[20,55603,55604],{},"These can help you see:",[162,55606,55607,55610,55613],{},[165,55608,55609],{},"What the variable currently contains",[165,55611,55612],{},"Whether it is really a list",[165,55614,55615],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55617,55618,55619,94],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[455,55620,55621],{"href":54465},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[149,55623,1962],{"id":1961},[469,55625,1966,55627,55629],{"id":55626},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55628,54518],{}," delete the list?",[20,55631,55632],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[469,55634,1966,55636,55638],{"id":55635},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55637,54518],{}," return a new list?",[20,55640,55641,55642,55644],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55643,3958],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[469,55646,2032,55648,837,55650,2037],{"id":55647},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55649,11497],{},[15,55651,55026],{},[20,55653,55654,55656,55657,55659],{},[15,55655,11497],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55658,55026],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[469,55661,2049,55663,55665],{"id":55662},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55664,11497],{}," on other types?",[20,55667,55668,55669,55671],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55670,11497],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[149,55673,2062],{"id":2061},[162,55675,55676,55680,55685,55692,55699,55705],{},[165,55677,55678],{},[455,55679,52941],{"href":54739},[165,55681,55682],{},[455,55683,55684],{"href":55236},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[165,55686,55687],{},[455,55688,55689,55690,1168],{"href":55248},"Python list ",[15,55691,12940],{},[165,55693,55694],{},[455,55695,55689,55696,1168],{"href":55241},[15,55697,55698],{},"remove()",[165,55700,55701],{},[455,55702,55689,55703,1168],{"href":55129},[15,55704,12954],{},[165,55706,55707],{},[455,55708,30524,55709,33809],{"href":54465},[15,55710,55711],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2093,55713,55714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":55716},[55717,55718,55720,55721,55722,55723,55730,55731,55739,55749],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":54583,"depth":72,"text":55719},"What list.clear() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":54897,"depth":72,"text":55724,"children":55725},"clear() vs assigning []",[55726,55728],{"id":54935,"depth":79,"text":55727},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55023,"depth":79,"text":55729},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12615,"depth":72,"text":12986},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":55732},[55733,55735,55737],{"id":55256,"depth":79,"text":55734},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55396,"depth":79,"text":55736},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55476,"depth":79,"text":55738},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":55740},[55741,55743,55745,55747],{"id":55626,"depth":79,"text":55742},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55635,"depth":79,"text":55744},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55647,"depth":79,"text":55746},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55662,"depth":79,"text":55748},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54505,"description":55750},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55757,"title":55758,"body":55759,"description":57444,"extension":2138,"meta":57445,"navigation":75,"path":57446,"seo":57447,"stem":57448,"__hash__":57449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55760,"toc":57412},[55761,55766,55772,55780,55782,55871,55878,55883,55887,55901,55903,55980,55982,56043,56046,56048,56050,56071,56074,56088,56091,56136,56138,56146,56149,56155,56161,56164,56241,56243,56288,56291,56296,56379,56381,56422,56427,56431,56437,56439,56447,56450,56543,56545,56603,56606,56622,56627,56637,56642,56644,56649,56654,56657,56659,56716,56719,56772,56778,56783,56787,56804,56806,56890,56892,56933,56941,56943,56948,56954,56956,57019,57024,57094,57098,57133,57136,57138,57177,57181,57257,57263,57269,57274,57296,57299,57318,57326,57328,57334,57337,57344,57352,57357,57360,57364,57370,57378,57381,57383,57409],[10,55762,54511,55764,18],{"id":55763},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55765,12954],{},[20,55767,55768,55771],{},[15,55769,55770],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55773,55774,55775,14233,55777,55779],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55776,58],{},[3922,55778,4813],{}," make a real copy.",[149,55781,2179],{"id":2178},[38,55783,55785],{"className":40,"code":55784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55786,55787,55807,55822,55826,55841,55845,55858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55788,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55790,3798],{"class":53},[47,55792,58],{"class":57},[47,55794,3803],{"class":86},[47,55796,1598],{"class":445},[47,55798,309],{"class":86},[47,55800,1769],{"class":445},[47,55802,309],{"class":86},[47,55804,2630],{"class":445},[47,55806,3816],{"class":86},[47,55808,55809,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55810,55811],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55813,58],{"class":57},[47,55815,4444],{"class":53},[47,55817,94],{"class":86},[47,55819,13089],{"class":90},[47,55821,8817],{"class":86},[47,55823,55824],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55825,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55827,55828,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55829,55830],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55832,94],{"class":86},[47,55834,13732],{"class":90},[47,55836,87],{"class":86},[47,55838,2682],{"class":445},[47,55840,286],{"class":86},[47,55842,55843],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55844,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55846,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,55848,83],{"class":82},[47,55850,87],{"class":86},[47,55852,3830],{"class":90},[47,55854,1696],{"class":86},[47,55856,55857],{"class":113},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55859,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,55861,83],{"class":82},[47,55863,87],{"class":86},[47,55865,55830],{"class":90},[47,55867,1696],{"class":86},[47,55869,55870],{"class":113},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55872,144,55873,55875,55876,94],{},[15,55874,55770],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3922,55877,13028],{},[149,55879,152,55881,155],{"id":55880},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55882,55770],{},[20,55884,55885,3062],{},[15,55886,55770],{},[162,55888,55889,55892,55895,55898],{},[165,55890,55891],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[165,55893,55894],{},"Returns that new list",[165,55896,55897],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[165,55899,55900],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55902,183],{},[38,55904,55906],{"className":40,"code":55905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55907,55908,55940,55955,55959,55969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55909,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55911,36414],{"class":53},[47,55913,58],{"class":57},[47,55915,3803],{"class":86},[47,55917,102],{"class":61},[47,55919,4260],{"class":65},[47,55921,102],{"class":61},[47,55923,309],{"class":86},[47,55925,62],{"class":61},[47,55927,491],{"class":65},[47,55929,102],{"class":61},[47,55931,309],{"class":86},[47,55933,62],{"class":61},[47,55935,33396],{"class":65},[47,55937,102],{"class":61},[47,55939,3816],{"class":86},[47,55941,55942,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55943,55944],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,55946,58],{"class":57},[47,55948,53021],{"class":53},[47,55950,94],{"class":86},[47,55952,13089],{"class":90},[47,55954,8817],{"class":86},[47,55956,55957],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,55958,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,55960,55961,55963,55965,55967],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,55962,83],{"class":82},[47,55964,87],{"class":86},[47,55966,36466],{"class":90},[47,55968,286],{"class":86},[47,55970,55971,55973,55975,55978],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,55972,83],{"class":82},[47,55974,87],{"class":86},[47,55976,55977],{"class":90},"copied_fruits",[47,55979,286],{"class":86},[20,55981,814],{},[38,55983,55985],{"className":40,"code":55984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55986,55987,56015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55988,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55990,4080],{"class":86},[47,55992,3479],{"class":61},[47,55994,4260],{"class":65},[47,55996,3479],{"class":61},[47,55998,309],{"class":86},[47,56000,3474],{"class":61},[47,56002,491],{"class":65},[47,56004,3479],{"class":61},[47,56006,309],{"class":86},[47,56008,3474],{"class":61},[47,56010,33396],{"class":65},[47,56012,3479],{"class":61},[47,56014,3816],{"class":86},[47,56016,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56018,4080],{"class":86},[47,56020,3479],{"class":61},[47,56022,4260],{"class":65},[47,56024,3479],{"class":61},[47,56026,309],{"class":86},[47,56028,3474],{"class":61},[47,56030,491],{"class":65},[47,56032,3479],{"class":61},[47,56034,309],{"class":86},[47,56036,3474],{"class":61},[47,56038,33396],{"class":65},[47,56040,3479],{"class":61},[47,56042,3816],{"class":86},[20,56044,56045],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[149,56047,261],{"id":260},[20,56049,2336],{},[38,56051,56053],{"className":40,"code":56052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56054,56055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56056,56057,56060,56062,56065,56067,56069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56058,56059],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,56061,58],{"class":57},[47,56063,56064],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,56066,94],{"class":86},[47,56068,13089],{"class":90},[47,56070,8817],{"class":86},[20,56072,56073],{},"How it works:",[162,56075,56076,56082,56085],{},[165,56077,56078,56079,56081],{},"Call ",[15,56080,12954],{}," on an existing list",[165,56083,56084],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[165,56086,56087],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56089,56090],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,56092,56094],{"className":40,"code":56093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56095,56096,56105,56121,56125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56097,56098,56101,56103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56099,56100],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,56102,58],{"class":57},[47,56104,8015],{"class":86},[47,56106,56107,56110,56112,56115,56117,56119],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56108,56109],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,56111,58],{"class":57},[47,56113,56114],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,56116,94],{"class":86},[47,56118,13089],{"class":90},[47,56120,8817],{"class":86},[47,56122,56123],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56124,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56126,56127,56129,56131,56134],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56128,83],{"class":82},[47,56130,87],{"class":86},[47,56132,56133],{"class":90},"new_empty_list",[47,56135,286],{"class":86},[20,56137,814],{},[38,56139,56140],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,56141,56142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56143,56144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56145,38472],{"class":86},[20,56147,56148],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[149,56150,56152,56153],{"id":56151},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56154,58],{},[20,56156,831,56157,14233,56159,52837],{},[15,56158,58],{},[3922,56160,4813],{},[20,56162,56163],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,56165,56167],{"className":40,"code":56166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56168,56169,56189,56198,56202,56217,56221,56231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56170,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56172,3798],{"class":53},[47,56174,58],{"class":57},[47,56176,3803],{"class":86},[47,56178,1598],{"class":445},[47,56180,309],{"class":86},[47,56182,1769],{"class":445},[47,56184,309],{"class":86},[47,56186,2630],{"class":445},[47,56188,3816],{"class":86},[47,56190,56191,56194,56196],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56192,56193],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,56195,58],{"class":57},[47,56197,44154],{"class":53},[47,56199,56200],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56201,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56203,56204,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56205,56206],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,56208,94],{"class":86},[47,56210,13732],{"class":90},[47,56212,87],{"class":86},[47,56214,2682],{"class":445},[47,56216,286],{"class":86},[47,56218,56219],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,56220,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,56224,83],{"class":82},[47,56226,87],{"class":86},[47,56228,3830],{"class":90},[47,56230,286],{"class":86},[47,56232,56233,56235,56237,56239],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,56234,83],{"class":82},[47,56236,87],{"class":86},[47,56238,56206],{"class":90},[47,56240,286],{"class":86},[20,56242,814],{},[38,56244,56246],{"className":40,"code":56245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56247,56248,56268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56249,56250,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56251,4080],{"class":86},[47,56253,1598],{"class":445},[47,56255,309],{"class":86},[47,56257,1769],{"class":445},[47,56259,309],{"class":86},[47,56261,2630],{"class":445},[47,56263,309],{"class":86},[47,56265,912],{"class":445},[47,56267,3816],{"class":86},[47,56269,56270,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56271,4080],{"class":86},[47,56273,1598],{"class":445},[47,56275,309],{"class":86},[47,56277,1769],{"class":445},[47,56279,309],{"class":86},[47,56281,2630],{"class":445},[47,56283,309],{"class":86},[47,56285,912],{"class":445},[47,56287,3816],{"class":86},[20,56289,56290],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56292,56293,56294,3062],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56295,12954],{},[38,56297,56299],{"className":40,"code":56298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56300,56301,56321,56336,56340,56355,56359,56369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56304,3798],{"class":53},[47,56306,58],{"class":57},[47,56308,3803],{"class":86},[47,56310,1598],{"class":445},[47,56312,309],{"class":86},[47,56314,1769],{"class":445},[47,56316,309],{"class":86},[47,56318,2630],{"class":445},[47,56320,3816],{"class":86},[47,56322,56323,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56324,56325],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56327,58],{"class":57},[47,56329,4444],{"class":53},[47,56331,94],{"class":86},[47,56333,13089],{"class":90},[47,56335,8817],{"class":86},[47,56337,56338],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56339,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56341,56342,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56343,56344],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56346,94],{"class":86},[47,56348,13732],{"class":90},[47,56350,87],{"class":86},[47,56352,2682],{"class":445},[47,56354,286],{"class":86},[47,56356,56357],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,56358,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56360,56361,56363,56365,56367],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,56362,83],{"class":82},[47,56364,87],{"class":86},[47,56366,3830],{"class":90},[47,56368,286],{"class":86},[47,56370,56371,56373,56375,56377],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,56372,83],{"class":82},[47,56374,87],{"class":86},[47,56376,56344],{"class":90},[47,56378,286],{"class":86},[20,56380,814],{},[38,56382,56384],{"className":40,"code":56383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56385,56386,56402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56387,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56389,4080],{"class":86},[47,56391,1598],{"class":445},[47,56393,309],{"class":86},[47,56395,1769],{"class":445},[47,56397,309],{"class":86},[47,56399,2630],{"class":445},[47,56401,3816],{"class":86},[47,56403,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56405,4080],{"class":86},[47,56407,1598],{"class":445},[47,56409,309],{"class":86},[47,56411,1769],{"class":445},[47,56413,309],{"class":86},[47,56415,2630],{"class":445},[47,56417,309],{"class":86},[47,56419,912],{"class":445},[47,56421,3816],{"class":86},[20,56423,56424,56425,94],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[455,56426,52941],{"href":51150},[149,56428,56430],{"id":56429},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56432,56433,13025,56435,94],{},[15,56434,55770],{},[3922,56436,13028],{},[20,56438,2284],{},[162,56440,56441,56444],{},[165,56442,56443],{},"The outer list is new",[165,56445,56446],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56448,56449],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,56451,56453],{"className":40,"code":56452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56454,56455,56482,56496,56500,56519,56523,56533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56456,56457,56459,56461,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56458,12263],{"class":53},[47,56460,58],{"class":57},[47,56462,56463],{"class":86}," [[",[47,56465,1598],{"class":445},[47,56467,309],{"class":86},[47,56469,1769],{"class":445},[47,56471,18240],{"class":86},[47,56473,3803],{"class":86},[47,56475,2239],{"class":445},[47,56477,309],{"class":86},[47,56479,912],{"class":445},[47,56481,53412],{"class":86},[47,56483,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56485,14491],{"class":53},[47,56487,58],{"class":57},[47,56489,12338],{"class":53},[47,56491,94],{"class":86},[47,56493,13089],{"class":90},[47,56495,8817],{"class":86},[47,56497,56498],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56499,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56501,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56517],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56503,14510],{"class":53},[47,56505,4080],{"class":86},[47,56507,1721],{"class":445},[47,56509,13729],{"class":86},[47,56511,13732],{"class":90},[47,56513,87],{"class":86},[47,56515,56516],{"class":445},"99",[47,56518,286],{"class":86},[47,56520,56521],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,56522,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,56526,83],{"class":82},[47,56528,87],{"class":86},[47,56530,12310],{"class":90},[47,56532,286],{"class":86},[47,56534,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,56536,83],{"class":82},[47,56538,87],{"class":86},[47,56540,14510],{"class":90},[47,56542,286],{"class":86},[20,56544,814],{},[38,56546,56548],{"className":40,"code":56547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56549,56550,56577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56551,56552,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56553,56554],{"class":86},"[[",[47,56556,1598],{"class":445},[47,56558,309],{"class":86},[47,56560,1769],{"class":445},[47,56562,309],{"class":86},[47,56564,10371],{"class":445},[47,56566,18240],{"class":86},[47,56568,3803],{"class":86},[47,56570,2239],{"class":445},[47,56572,309],{"class":86},[47,56574,912],{"class":445},[47,56576,53412],{"class":86},[47,56578,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56580,56554],{"class":86},[47,56582,1598],{"class":445},[47,56584,309],{"class":86},[47,56586,1769],{"class":445},[47,56588,309],{"class":86},[47,56590,10371],{"class":445},[47,56592,18240],{"class":86},[47,56594,3803],{"class":86},[47,56596,2239],{"class":445},[47,56598,309],{"class":86},[47,56600,912],{"class":445},[47,56602,53412],{"class":86},[20,56604,56605],{},"Why did both change?",[162,56607,56608,56615],{},[165,56609,56610,837,56612,56614],{},[15,56611,12310],{},[15,56613,14510],{}," are different outer lists",[165,56616,56617,56618,56621],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56619,56620],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56623,53823,56624,56626],{},[15,56625,12954],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[162,56628,56629,56632,56635],{},[165,56630,56631],{},"Numbers",[165,56633,56634],{},"Strings",[165,56636,40770],{},[20,56638,56639,56640,94],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[455,56641,13970],{"href":13969},[149,56643,700],{"id":699},[20,56645,56646,56648],{},[15,56647,55770],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56650,41080,56651,56653],{},[3922,56652,4813],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56655,56656],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56658,1795],{},[38,56660,56662],{"className":40,"code":56661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56663,56664,56688,56702,56706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56665,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56667,13254],{"class":53},[47,56669,58],{"class":57},[47,56671,3803],{"class":86},[47,56673,102],{"class":61},[47,56675,13271],{"class":65},[47,56677,102],{"class":61},[47,56679,309],{"class":86},[47,56681,62],{"class":61},[47,56683,13288],{"class":65},[47,56685,102],{"class":61},[47,56687,3816],{"class":86},[47,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56691,13297],{"class":53},[47,56693,58],{"class":57},[47,56695,13302],{"class":53},[47,56697,94],{"class":86},[47,56699,13089],{"class":90},[47,56701,8817],{"class":86},[47,56703,56704],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56705,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56707,56708,56710,56712,56714],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56709,83],{"class":82},[47,56711,87],{"class":86},[47,56713,13321],{"class":90},[47,56715,286],{"class":86},[20,56717,56718],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,56720,56722],{"className":40,"code":56721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56723,56724,56748,56758,56762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56725,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56727,13254],{"class":53},[47,56729,58],{"class":57},[47,56731,3803],{"class":86},[47,56733,102],{"class":61},[47,56735,13271],{"class":65},[47,56737,102],{"class":61},[47,56739,309],{"class":86},[47,56741,62],{"class":61},[47,56743,13288],{"class":65},[47,56745,102],{"class":61},[47,56747,3816],{"class":86},[47,56749,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56751,17680],{"class":53},[47,56753,94],{"class":86},[47,56755,13089],{"class":90},[47,56757,8817],{"class":86},[47,56759,56760],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56761,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56765,83],{"class":82},[47,56767,87],{"class":86},[47,56769,17680],{"class":90},[47,56771,286],{"class":86},[20,56773,56774,56775,56777],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56776,12954],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[149,56779,1321,56781],{"id":56780},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56782,55770],{},[20,56784,144,56785,10776],{},[15,56786,55770],{},[162,56788,56789,56792,56795,56798],{},[165,56790,56791],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[165,56793,56794],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[165,56796,56797],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[165,56799,56800,56801],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56802,56803],{},"[:]",[20,56805,183],{},[38,56807,56809],{"className":40,"code":56808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56810,56811,56831,56846,56850,56865,56869,56879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56812,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56814,5244],{"class":53},[47,56816,58],{"class":57},[47,56818,3803],{"class":86},[47,56820,2509],{"class":445},[47,56822,309],{"class":86},[47,56824,7966],{"class":445},[47,56826,309],{"class":86},[47,56828,7971],{"class":445},[47,56830,3816],{"class":86},[47,56832,56833,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56834,56835],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56837,58],{"class":57},[47,56839,5291],{"class":53},[47,56841,94],{"class":86},[47,56843,13089],{"class":90},[47,56845,8817],{"class":86},[47,56847,56848],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56849,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56851,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860,56863],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,56853,16569],{"class":53},[47,56855,94],{"class":86},[47,56857,13732],{"class":90},[47,56859,87],{"class":86},[47,56861,56862],{"class":445},"40",[47,56864,286],{"class":86},[47,56866,56867],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,56868,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,56870,56871,56873,56875,56877],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,56872,83],{"class":82},[47,56874,87],{"class":86},[47,56876,16569],{"class":90},[47,56878,286],{"class":86},[47,56880,56881,56883,56885,56888],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,56882,83],{"class":82},[47,56884,87],{"class":86},[47,56886,56887],{"class":90},"backup_scores",[47,56889,286],{"class":86},[20,56891,814],{},[38,56893,56895],{"className":40,"code":56894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56896,56897,56917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56898,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56900,4080],{"class":86},[47,56902,2509],{"class":445},[47,56904,309],{"class":86},[47,56906,7966],{"class":445},[47,56908,309],{"class":86},[47,56910,7971],{"class":445},[47,56912,309],{"class":86},[47,56914,51015],{"class":445},[47,56916,3816],{"class":86},[47,56918,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56920,4080],{"class":86},[47,56922,2509],{"class":445},[47,56924,309],{"class":86},[47,56926,7966],{"class":445},[47,56928,309],{"class":86},[47,56930,7971],{"class":445},[47,56932,3816],{"class":86},[20,56934,56935,56936,94],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[455,56937,55689,56939,1168],{"href":56938},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56940,52823],{},[149,56942,4700],{"id":4699},[20,56944,56945,56946,94],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56947,55770],{},[469,56949,831,56951,56953],{"id":56950},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56952,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56955,39374],{},[38,56957,56959],{"className":40,"code":56958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56960,56961,56981,56989,57003,57007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56962,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56964,2732],{"class":53},[47,56966,58],{"class":57},[47,56968,3803],{"class":86},[47,56970,1598],{"class":445},[47,56972,309],{"class":86},[47,56974,1769],{"class":445},[47,56976,309],{"class":86},[47,56978,2630],{"class":445},[47,56980,3816],{"class":86},[47,56982,56983,56985,56987],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56984,2760],{"class":53},[47,56986,58],{"class":57},[47,56988,36350],{"class":53},[47,56990,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,56992,2014],{"class":53},[47,56994,94],{"class":86},[47,56996,13732],{"class":90},[47,56998,87],{"class":86},[47,57000,2682],{"class":445},[47,57002,286],{"class":86},[47,57004,57005],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,57006,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,57008,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,57010,83],{"class":82},[47,57012,87],{"class":86},[47,57014,455],{"class":90},[47,57016,1696],{"class":86},[47,57018,55870],{"class":113},[20,57020,57021,57022,6808],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57023,12954],{},[38,57025,57027],{"className":40,"code":57026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57028,57029,57049,57064,57078,57082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57030,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57032,2732],{"class":53},[47,57034,58],{"class":57},[47,57036,3803],{"class":86},[47,57038,1598],{"class":445},[47,57040,309],{"class":86},[47,57042,1769],{"class":445},[47,57044,309],{"class":86},[47,57046,2630],{"class":445},[47,57048,3816],{"class":86},[47,57050,57051,57053,57055,57058,57060,57062],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57052,2760],{"class":53},[47,57054,58],{"class":57},[47,57056,57057],{"class":53}," a",[47,57059,94],{"class":86},[47,57061,13089],{"class":90},[47,57063,8817],{"class":86},[47,57065,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,57067,2014],{"class":53},[47,57069,94],{"class":86},[47,57071,13732],{"class":90},[47,57073,87],{"class":86},[47,57075,2682],{"class":445},[47,57077,286],{"class":86},[47,57079,57080],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,57081,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,57083,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,57085,83],{"class":82},[47,57087,87],{"class":86},[47,57089,455],{"class":90},[47,57091,1696],{"class":86},[47,57093,55101],{"class":113},[469,57095,57097],{"id":57096},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,57099,57101],{"className":40,"code":57100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57102,57103,57123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57104,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57106,3798],{"class":53},[47,57108,58],{"class":57},[47,57110,3803],{"class":86},[47,57112,1598],{"class":445},[47,57114,309],{"class":86},[47,57116,1769],{"class":445},[47,57118,309],{"class":86},[47,57120,2630],{"class":445},[47,57122,3816],{"class":86},[47,57124,57125,57127,57129,57131],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57126,3830],{"class":53},[47,57128,94],{"class":86},[47,57130,13089],{"class":90},[47,57132,8817],{"class":86},[20,57134,57135],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57137,1482],{},[38,57139,57141],{"className":40,"code":57140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57142,57143,57163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57146,3798],{"class":53},[47,57148,58],{"class":57},[47,57150,3803],{"class":86},[47,57152,1598],{"class":445},[47,57154,309],{"class":86},[47,57156,1769],{"class":445},[47,57158,309],{"class":86},[47,57160,2630],{"class":445},[47,57162,3816],{"class":86},[47,57164,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57166,56325],{"class":53},[47,57168,58],{"class":57},[47,57170,4444],{"class":53},[47,57172,94],{"class":86},[47,57174,13089],{"class":90},[47,57176,8817],{"class":86},[469,57178,57180],{"id":57179},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,57182,57184],{"className":40,"code":57183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57185,57186,57204,57218,57222,57240,57244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57187,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57189,2732],{"class":53},[47,57191,58],{"class":57},[47,57193,56463],{"class":86},[47,57195,1598],{"class":445},[47,57197,18240],{"class":86},[47,57199,3803],{"class":86},[47,57201,2233],{"class":445},[47,57203,53412],{"class":86},[47,57205,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57207,2760],{"class":53},[47,57209,58],{"class":57},[47,57211,57057],{"class":53},[47,57213,94],{"class":86},[47,57215,13089],{"class":90},[47,57217,8817],{"class":86},[47,57219,57220],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,57221,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,57223,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,57225,2014],{"class":53},[47,57227,4080],{"class":86},[47,57229,1721],{"class":445},[47,57231,13729],{"class":86},[47,57233,13732],{"class":90},[47,57235,87],{"class":86},[47,57237,56516],{"class":445},[47,57239,286],{"class":86},[47,57241,57242],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,57243,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,57245,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,57247,83],{"class":82},[47,57249,87],{"class":86},[47,57251,455],{"class":90},[47,57253,1696],{"class":86},[47,57255,57256],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57258,57259,57260,57262],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57261,55770],{}," is shallow.",[469,57264,25794,57266,57268],{"id":57265},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57267,12954],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57270,57271,57273],{},[15,57272,12954],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,57275,57277],{"className":40,"code":57276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57278,57279,57291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57280,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57282,193],{"class":53},[47,57284,58],{"class":57},[47,57286,62],{"class":61},[47,57288,5184],{"class":65},[47,57290,69],{"class":61},[47,57292,57293],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57294,57295],{"class":113},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57297,57298],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,57300,57302],{"className":40,"code":57301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57303,57304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57305,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57307,83],{"class":82},[47,57309,87],{"class":86},[47,57311,1872],{"class":1570},[47,57313,87],{"class":86},[47,57315,214],{"class":90},[47,57317,1879],{"class":86},[20,57319,57320,57321,57325],{},"You can also review ",[455,57322,57324],{"href":57323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[149,57327,1962],{"id":1961},[469,57329,1966,57331,57333],{"id":57330},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57332,55770],{}," change the original list?",[20,57335,57336],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[469,57338,2032,57340,837,57342,2037],{"id":57339},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57341,55770],{},[15,57343,58],{},[20,57345,57346,57348,57349,57351],{},[15,57347,12954],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57350,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[469,57353,2022,57355,15085],{"id":57354},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57356,55770],{},[20,57358,57359],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[469,57361,57363],{"id":57362},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57365,42327,57366,57369],{},[15,57367,57368],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[469,57371,2022,57373,57375,57376,2037],{"id":57372},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57374,55770],{}," the same as ",[15,57377,56803],{},[20,57379,57380],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[149,57382,2062],{"id":2061},[162,57384,57385,57390,57394,57399,57405],{},[165,57386,57387],{},[455,57388,15144],{"href":57389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[165,57391,57392],{},[455,57393,52941],{"href":51150},[165,57395,57396],{},[455,57397,57398],{"href":57323},"Creating a list in Python",[165,57400,57401],{},[455,57402,55689,57403,1168],{"href":56938},[15,57404,52823],{},[165,57406,57407],{},[455,57408,13970],{"href":13969},[2093,57410,57411],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":57413},[57414,57415,57417,57418,57420,57421,57422,57424,57432,57443],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":55880,"depth":72,"text":57416},"What list.copy() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":56151,"depth":72,"text":57419},"Why not use =",{"id":56429,"depth":72,"text":56430},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":56780,"depth":72,"text":57423},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":57425},[57426,57428,57429,57430],{"id":56950,"depth":79,"text":57427},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57096,"depth":79,"text":57097},{"id":57179,"depth":79,"text":57180},{"id":57265,"depth":79,"text":57431},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":57433},[57434,57436,57438,57440,57441],{"id":57330,"depth":79,"text":57435},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57339,"depth":79,"text":57437},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57354,"depth":79,"text":57439},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57362,"depth":79,"text":57363},{"id":57372,"depth":79,"text":57442},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55758,"description":57444},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57451,"title":57452,"body":57453,"description":59195,"extension":2138,"meta":59196,"navigation":75,"path":59197,"seo":59198,"stem":59199,"__hash__":59200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57454,"toc":59154},[57455,57461,57467,57470,57481,57484,57486,57549,57555,57560,57564,57578,57581,57586,57591,57593,57595,57614,57626,57628,57695,57697,57705,57710,57712,57720,57723,57740,57742,57866,57877,57881,57886,57889,57891,57909,57913,57999,58008,58016,58085,58087,58090,58102,58107,58111,58182,58185,58189,58193,58258,58260,58268,58272,58355,58357,58365,58369,58430,58432,58440,58444,58531,58533,58541,58546,58551,58554,58565,58567,58652,58657,58666,58668,58672,58676,58681,58743,58747,58755,58761,58770,58775,58824,58827,58848,58852,58914,58921,58926,58929,59016,59019,59030,59033,59053,59055,59061,59064,59068,59072,59078,59081,59087,59094,59102,59113,59115,59151],[10,57456,54511,57458,18],{"id":57457},"python-list-count-method",[15,57459,57460],{},"count()",[20,57462,57463,57466],{},[15,57464,57465],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57468,57469],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[162,57471,57472,57475,57478],{},[165,57473,57474],{},"count one specific item",[165,57476,57477],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[165,57479,57480],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57482,57483],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[149,57485,3788],{"id":3787},[38,57487,57489],{"className":40,"code":57488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57490,57491,57519,57537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57492,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57494,3798],{"class":53},[47,57496,58],{"class":57},[47,57498,3803],{"class":86},[47,57500,1598],{"class":445},[47,57502,309],{"class":86},[47,57504,1769],{"class":445},[47,57506,309],{"class":86},[47,57508,1769],{"class":445},[47,57510,309],{"class":86},[47,57512,2630],{"class":445},[47,57514,309],{"class":86},[47,57516,1769],{"class":445},[47,57518,3816],{"class":86},[47,57520,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57522,2407],{"class":53},[47,57524,58],{"class":57},[47,57526,4444],{"class":53},[47,57528,94],{"class":86},[47,57530,41434],{"class":90},[47,57532,87],{"class":86},[47,57534,2233],{"class":445},[47,57536,286],{"class":86},[47,57538,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,57540,83],{"class":82},[47,57542,87],{"class":86},[47,57544,2442],{"class":90},[47,57546,1696],{"class":86},[47,57548,50942],{"class":113},[20,57550,144,57551,57554],{},[15,57552,57553],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[149,57556,152,57558,155],{"id":57557},"what-listcount-does",[15,57559,57465],{},[20,57561,57562,3062],{},[15,57563,57465],{},[162,57565,57566,57569,57572,57575],{},[165,57567,57568],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[165,57570,57571],{},"returns an integer",[165,57573,57574],{},"does not change the original list",[165,57576,57577],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57579,57580],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57582,57583,57584,94],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57585,2239],{},[20,57587,57588,57589,94],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57590,1721],{},[149,57592,261],{"id":260},[20,57594,2336],{},[38,57596,57598],{"className":40,"code":57597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57599,57600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57601,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57603,8515],{"class":53},[47,57605,94],{"class":86},[47,57607,41434],{"class":90},[47,57609,87],{"class":86},[47,57611,1587],{"class":90},[47,57613,286],{"class":86},[162,57615,57616,57621],{},[165,57617,57618,57620],{},[15,57619,8515],{}," is the list you want to search",[165,57622,57623,57625],{},[15,57624,1587],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57627,183],{},[38,57629,57631],{"className":40,"code":57630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57632,57633,57673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57634,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57636,36265],{"class":53},[47,57638,58],{"class":57},[47,57640,3803],{"class":86},[47,57642,102],{"class":61},[47,57644,455],{"class":65},[47,57646,102],{"class":61},[47,57648,309],{"class":86},[47,57650,62],{"class":61},[47,57652,2014],{"class":65},[47,57654,102],{"class":61},[47,57656,309],{"class":86},[47,57658,62],{"class":61},[47,57660,455],{"class":65},[47,57662,102],{"class":61},[47,57664,309],{"class":86},[47,57666,62],{"class":61},[47,57668,9913],{"class":65},[47,57670,102],{"class":61},[47,57672,3816],{"class":86},[47,57674,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57676,83],{"class":82},[47,57678,87],{"class":86},[47,57680,36318],{"class":90},[47,57682,94],{"class":86},[47,57684,41434],{"class":90},[47,57686,87],{"class":86},[47,57688,102],{"class":61},[47,57690,455],{"class":65},[47,57692,102],{"class":61},[47,57694,1879],{"class":86},[20,57696,814],{},[38,57698,57699],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57700,57701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57702,57703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57704,17235],{"class":445},[20,57706,57707,57708,94],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57709,1721],{},[149,57711,38195],{"id":38194},[20,57713,57714,57715,57717,57718,94],{},"The return value from ",[15,57716,57460],{}," is always an ",[15,57719,2365],{},[20,57721,57722],{},"Possible results:",[162,57724,57725,57730,57735],{},[165,57726,57727,57729],{},[15,57728,1721],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[165,57731,57732,57734],{},[15,57733,1598],{}," if it appears once",[165,57736,57737,57739],{},[15,57738,2233],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57741,183],{},[38,57743,57745],{"className":40,"code":57744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57746,57747,57787,57791,57816,57841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57748,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57750,13254],{"class":53},[47,57752,58],{"class":57},[47,57754,3803],{"class":86},[47,57756,102],{"class":61},[47,57758,13271],{"class":65},[47,57760,102],{"class":61},[47,57762,309],{"class":86},[47,57764,62],{"class":61},[47,57766,13288],{"class":65},[47,57768,102],{"class":61},[47,57770,309],{"class":86},[47,57772,62],{"class":61},[47,57774,17633],{"class":65},[47,57776,102],{"class":61},[47,57778,309],{"class":86},[47,57780,62],{"class":61},[47,57782,13288],{"class":65},[47,57784,102],{"class":61},[47,57786,3816],{"class":86},[47,57788,57789],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57790,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,57792,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,57794,83],{"class":82},[47,57796,87],{"class":86},[47,57798,17680],{"class":90},[47,57800,94],{"class":86},[47,57802,41434],{"class":90},[47,57804,87],{"class":86},[47,57806,102],{"class":61},[47,57808,13288],{"class":65},[47,57810,102],{"class":61},[47,57812,110],{"class":86},[47,57814,57815],{"class":113},"   # 2\n",[47,57817,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,57819,83],{"class":82},[47,57821,87],{"class":86},[47,57823,17680],{"class":90},[47,57825,94],{"class":86},[47,57827,41434],{"class":90},[47,57829,87],{"class":86},[47,57831,102],{"class":61},[47,57833,13271],{"class":65},[47,57835,102],{"class":61},[47,57837,110],{"class":86},[47,57839,57840],{"class":113},"    # 1\n",[47,57842,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,57844,83],{"class":82},[47,57846,87],{"class":86},[47,57848,17680],{"class":90},[47,57850,94],{"class":86},[47,57852,41434],{"class":90},[47,57854,87],{"class":86},[47,57856,102],{"class":61},[47,57858,22701],{"class":65},[47,57860,102],{"class":61},[47,57862,110],{"class":86},[47,57864,57865],{"class":113}," # 0\n",[20,57867,57868,57869,57871,57872,57874,57875,94],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57870,57460],{}," works, but using ",[15,57873,1613],{}," is often simpler. See ",[455,57876,6378],{"href":6377},[149,57878,57880],{"id":57879},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57882,57883,57885],{},[15,57884,57465],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57887,57888],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57890,43824],{},[162,57892,57893,57896,57899,57906],{},[165,57894,57895],{},"matches are based on equality",[165,57897,57898],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[165,57900,57901,837,57903,57905],{},[15,57902,1598],{},[15,57904,31],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[165,57907,57908],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[469,57910,57912],{"id":57911},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,57914,57916],{"className":40,"code":57915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57917,57918,57951,57975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57919,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57921,4251],{"class":53},[47,57923,58],{"class":57},[47,57925,3803],{"class":86},[47,57927,102],{"class":61},[47,57929,4260],{"class":65},[47,57931,102],{"class":61},[47,57933,309],{"class":86},[47,57935,62],{"class":61},[47,57937,57938],{"class":65},"Apple",[47,57940,102],{"class":61},[47,57942,309],{"class":86},[47,57944,62],{"class":61},[47,57946,4260],{"class":65},[47,57948,102],{"class":61},[47,57950,3816],{"class":86},[47,57952,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57954,83],{"class":82},[47,57956,87],{"class":86},[47,57958,4294],{"class":90},[47,57960,94],{"class":86},[47,57962,41434],{"class":90},[47,57964,87],{"class":86},[47,57966,102],{"class":61},[47,57968,4260],{"class":65},[47,57970,102],{"class":61},[47,57972,110],{"class":86},[47,57974,51585],{"class":113},[47,57976,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,57978,83],{"class":82},[47,57980,87],{"class":86},[47,57982,4294],{"class":90},[47,57984,94],{"class":86},[47,57986,41434],{"class":90},[47,57988,87],{"class":86},[47,57990,102],{"class":61},[47,57992,57938],{"class":65},[47,57994,102],{"class":61},[47,57996,110],{"class":86},[47,57998,27957],{"class":113},[20,58000,58001,837,58004,58007],{},[15,58002,58003],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58005,58006],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[469,58009,58011,837,58013,58015],{"id":58010},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58012,1598],{},[15,58014,31],{}," can match",[38,58017,58019],{"className":40,"code":58018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58020,58021,58045,58065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58024,4003],{"class":53},[47,58026,58],{"class":57},[47,58028,3803],{"class":86},[47,58030,1598],{"class":445},[47,58032,309],{"class":86},[47,58034,4096],{"class":4032},[47,58036,309],{"class":86},[47,58038,1769],{"class":445},[47,58040,309],{"class":86},[47,58042,5677],{"class":445},[47,58044,3816],{"class":86},[47,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58048,83],{"class":82},[47,58050,87],{"class":86},[47,58052,5538],{"class":90},[47,58054,94],{"class":86},[47,58056,41434],{"class":90},[47,58058,87],{"class":86},[47,58060,1598],{"class":445},[47,58062,110],{"class":86},[47,58064,51090],{"class":113},[47,58066,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58068,83],{"class":82},[47,58070,87],{"class":86},[47,58072,5538],{"class":90},[47,58074,94],{"class":86},[47,58076,41434],{"class":90},[47,58078,87],{"class":86},[47,58080,31],{"class":4032},[47,58082,110],{"class":86},[47,58084,50942],{"class":113},[20,58086,4591],{},[20,58088,58089],{},"In Python:",[162,58091,58092,58097],{},[165,58093,58094],{},[15,58095,58096],{},"True == 1",[165,58098,58099],{},[15,58100,58101],{},"False == 0",[20,58103,53823,58104,58106],{},[15,58105,57460],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[469,58108,58110],{"id":58109},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,58112,58114],{"className":40,"code":58113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58115,58116,58158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58117,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58119,7955],{"class":53},[47,58121,58],{"class":57},[47,58123,56463],{"class":86},[47,58125,1598],{"class":445},[47,58127,309],{"class":86},[47,58129,1769],{"class":445},[47,58131,18240],{"class":86},[47,58133,3803],{"class":86},[47,58135,2239],{"class":445},[47,58137,309],{"class":86},[47,58139,912],{"class":445},[47,58141,18240],{"class":86},[47,58143,3803],{"class":86},[47,58145,1598],{"class":445},[47,58147,309],{"class":86},[47,58149,1769],{"class":445},[47,58151,18240],{"class":86},[47,58153,3803],{"class":86},[47,58155,1598],{"class":445},[47,58157,53412],{"class":86},[47,58159,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58161,83],{"class":82},[47,58163,87],{"class":86},[47,58165,7986],{"class":90},[47,58167,94],{"class":86},[47,58169,41434],{"class":90},[47,58171,3163],{"class":86},[47,58173,1598],{"class":445},[47,58175,309],{"class":86},[47,58177,1769],{"class":445},[47,58179,4917],{"class":86},[47,58181,51585],{"class":113},[20,58183,58184],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[149,58186,58188],{"id":58187},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[469,58190,58192],{"id":58191},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,58194,58196],{"className":40,"code":58195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58197,58198,58226,58244,58248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58199,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58201,3798],{"class":53},[47,58203,58],{"class":57},[47,58205,3803],{"class":86},[47,58207,2509],{"class":445},[47,58209,309],{"class":86},[47,58211,7966],{"class":445},[47,58213,309],{"class":86},[47,58215,6184],{"class":445},[47,58217,309],{"class":86},[47,58219,7971],{"class":445},[47,58221,309],{"class":86},[47,58223,6184],{"class":445},[47,58225,3816],{"class":86},[47,58227,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58229,2407],{"class":53},[47,58231,58],{"class":57},[47,58233,4444],{"class":53},[47,58235,94],{"class":86},[47,58237,41434],{"class":90},[47,58239,87],{"class":86},[47,58241,2509],{"class":445},[47,58243,286],{"class":86},[47,58245,58246],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58247,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,58249,58250,58252,58254,58256],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58251,83],{"class":82},[47,58253,87],{"class":86},[47,58255,2442],{"class":90},[47,58257,286],{"class":86},[20,58259,814],{},[38,58261,58262],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58263,58264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58265,58266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58267,46790],{"class":445},[469,58269,58271],{"id":58270},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,58273,58275],{"className":40,"code":58274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58276,58277,58319,58341,58345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58278,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58315,58317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58280,4251],{"class":53},[47,58282,58],{"class":57},[47,58284,3803],{"class":86},[47,58286,102],{"class":61},[47,58288,37223],{"class":65},[47,58290,102],{"class":61},[47,58292,309],{"class":86},[47,58294,62],{"class":61},[47,58296,58297],{"class":65},"dog",[47,58299,102],{"class":61},[47,58301,309],{"class":86},[47,58303,62],{"class":61},[47,58305,37223],{"class":65},[47,58307,102],{"class":61},[47,58309,309],{"class":86},[47,58311,62],{"class":61},[47,58313,58314],{"class":65},"bird",[47,58316,102],{"class":61},[47,58318,3816],{"class":86},[47,58320,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58322,2407],{"class":53},[47,58324,58],{"class":57},[47,58326,6348],{"class":53},[47,58328,94],{"class":86},[47,58330,41434],{"class":90},[47,58332,87],{"class":86},[47,58334,102],{"class":61},[47,58336,37223],{"class":65},[47,58338,102],{"class":61},[47,58340,286],{"class":86},[47,58342,58343],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58344,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,58346,58347,58349,58351,58353],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58348,83],{"class":82},[47,58350,87],{"class":86},[47,58352,2442],{"class":90},[47,58354,286],{"class":86},[20,58356,814],{},[38,58358,58359],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58360,58361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58362,58363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58364,17235],{"class":445},[469,58366,58368],{"id":58367},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,58370,58372],{"className":40,"code":58371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58373,58374,58398,58416,58420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58375,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58377,3798],{"class":53},[47,58379,58],{"class":57},[47,58381,3803],{"class":86},[47,58383,1598],{"class":445},[47,58385,309],{"class":86},[47,58387,1769],{"class":445},[47,58389,309],{"class":86},[47,58391,2630],{"class":445},[47,58393,309],{"class":86},[47,58395,912],{"class":445},[47,58397,3816],{"class":86},[47,58399,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58401,2407],{"class":53},[47,58403,58],{"class":57},[47,58405,4444],{"class":53},[47,58407,94],{"class":86},[47,58409,41434],{"class":90},[47,58411,87],{"class":86},[47,58413,2313],{"class":445},[47,58415,286],{"class":86},[47,58417,58418],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58419,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,58421,58422,58424,58426,58428],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58423,83],{"class":82},[47,58425,87],{"class":86},[47,58427,2442],{"class":90},[47,58429,286],{"class":86},[20,58431,814],{},[38,58433,58434],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58435,58436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58437,58438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58439,47425],{"class":445},[469,58441,58443],{"id":58442},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,58445,58447],{"className":40,"code":58446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58448,58449,58495,58517,58521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58450,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58452,9340],{"class":53},[47,58454,58],{"class":57},[47,58456,56463],{"class":86},[47,58458,1598],{"class":445},[47,58460,309],{"class":86},[47,58462,1769],{"class":445},[47,58464,18240],{"class":86},[47,58466,3803],{"class":86},[47,58468,1598],{"class":445},[47,58470,309],{"class":86},[47,58472,1769],{"class":445},[47,58474,18240],{"class":86},[47,58476,3803],{"class":86},[47,58478,2233],{"class":445},[47,58480,309],{"class":86},[47,58482,2630],{"class":445},[47,58484,18240],{"class":86},[47,58486,3803],{"class":86},[47,58488,1598],{"class":445},[47,58490,309],{"class":86},[47,58492,1769],{"class":445},[47,58494,53412],{"class":86},[47,58496,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58498,2407],{"class":53},[47,58500,58],{"class":57},[47,58502,14746],{"class":53},[47,58504,94],{"class":86},[47,58506,41434],{"class":90},[47,58508,3163],{"class":86},[47,58510,1598],{"class":445},[47,58512,309],{"class":86},[47,58514,1769],{"class":445},[47,58516,4068],{"class":86},[47,58518,58519],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58520,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,58522,58523,58525,58527,58529],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58524,83],{"class":82},[47,58526,87],{"class":86},[47,58528,2442],{"class":90},[47,58530,286],{"class":86},[20,58532,814],{},[38,58534,58535],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58536,58537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58538,58539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58540,46790],{"class":445},[149,58542,1321,58544],{"id":58543},"when-to-use-count",[15,58545,57460],{},[20,58547,144,58548,58550],{},[15,58549,57460],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58552,58553],{},"Good use cases:",[162,58555,58556,58559,58562],{},[165,58557,58558],{},"counting one specific item",[165,58560,58561],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[165,58563,58564],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58566,183],{},[38,58568,58570],{"className":40,"code":58569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58571,58572,58613,58637,58641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58573,58574,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58575,58576],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58578,58],{"class":57},[47,58580,3803],{"class":86},[47,58582,102],{"class":61},[47,58584,8832],{"class":65},[47,58586,102],{"class":61},[47,58588,309],{"class":86},[47,58590,62],{"class":61},[47,58592,8773],{"class":65},[47,58594,102],{"class":61},[47,58596,309],{"class":86},[47,58598,62],{"class":61},[47,58600,8832],{"class":65},[47,58602,102],{"class":61},[47,58604,309],{"class":86},[47,58606,62],{"class":61},[47,58608,8832],{"class":65},[47,58610,102],{"class":61},[47,58612,3816],{"class":86},[47,58614,58615,58618,58620,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58616,58617],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58619,58],{"class":57},[47,58621,58622],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58624,94],{"class":86},[47,58626,41434],{"class":90},[47,58628,87],{"class":86},[47,58630,102],{"class":61},[47,58632,8832],{"class":65},[47,58634,102],{"class":61},[47,58636,286],{"class":86},[47,58638,58639],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58640,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,58642,58643,58645,58647,58650],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58644,83],{"class":82},[47,58646,87],{"class":86},[47,58648,58649],{"class":90},"yes_votes",[47,58651,286],{"class":86},[20,58653,58654,58656],{},[15,58655,57460],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58658,58659,58660,837,58662,94],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[455,58661,52941],{"href":51150},[455,58663,58665],{"href":58664},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[149,58667,1425],{"id":1424},[20,58669,8622,58670,94],{},[15,58671,57465],{},[469,58673,58675],{"id":58674},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58677,58678,58680],{},[15,58679,57465],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,58682,58684],{"className":40,"code":58683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58685,58686,58719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58687,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58689,4251],{"class":53},[47,58691,58],{"class":57},[47,58693,3803],{"class":86},[47,58695,102],{"class":61},[47,58697,58698],{"class":65},"apple pie",[47,58700,102],{"class":61},[47,58702,309],{"class":86},[47,58704,62],{"class":61},[47,58706,491],{"class":65},[47,58708,102],{"class":61},[47,58710,309],{"class":86},[47,58712,62],{"class":61},[47,58714,58698],{"class":65},[47,58716,102],{"class":61},[47,58718,3816],{"class":86},[47,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58722,83],{"class":82},[47,58724,87],{"class":86},[47,58726,4294],{"class":90},[47,58728,94],{"class":86},[47,58730,41434],{"class":90},[47,58732,87],{"class":86},[47,58734,102],{"class":61},[47,58736,4260],{"class":65},[47,58738,102],{"class":61},[47,58740,110],{"class":86},[47,58742,51417],{"class":113},[20,58744,2666,58745,2037],{},[15,58746,1721],{},[20,58748,29238,58749,58751,58752,94],{},[15,58750,58003],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58753,58754],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58756,58757,58758,94],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58759,58760],{},"str.count()",[469,58762,8628,58764,8631,58766,32,58768],{"id":58763},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58765,57460],{},[15,58767,31],{},[15,58769,35],{},[20,58771,58772,58774],{},[15,58773,57460],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,58776,58778],{"className":40,"code":58777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58779,58780,58804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58783,3798],{"class":53},[47,58785,58],{"class":57},[47,58787,3803],{"class":86},[47,58789,1598],{"class":445},[47,58791,309],{"class":86},[47,58793,1769],{"class":445},[47,58795,309],{"class":86},[47,58797,1769],{"class":445},[47,58799,309],{"class":86},[47,58801,2630],{"class":445},[47,58803,3816],{"class":86},[47,58805,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58807,83],{"class":82},[47,58809,87],{"class":86},[47,58811,3830],{"class":90},[47,58813,94],{"class":86},[47,58815,41434],{"class":90},[47,58817,87],{"class":86},[47,58819,2233],{"class":445},[47,58821,110],{"class":86},[47,58823,51585],{"class":113},[20,58825,58826],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,58828,58830],{"className":40,"code":58829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58831,58832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58833,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58835,83],{"class":82},[47,58837,87],{"class":86},[47,58839,2233],{"class":445},[47,58841,1690],{"class":752},[47,58843,4444],{"class":90},[47,58845,1696],{"class":86},[47,58847,519],{"class":113},[469,58849,58851],{"id":58850},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,58853,58855],{"className":40,"code":58854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58856,58857,58890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58858,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58886,58888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58860,5175],{"class":53},[47,58862,58],{"class":57},[47,58864,3803],{"class":86},[47,58866,102],{"class":61},[47,58868,7852],{"class":65},[47,58870,102],{"class":61},[47,58872,309],{"class":86},[47,58874,62],{"class":61},[47,58876,20397],{"class":65},[47,58878,102],{"class":61},[47,58880,309],{"class":86},[47,58882,62],{"class":61},[47,58884,58885],{"class":65},"SAM",[47,58887,102],{"class":61},[47,58889,3816],{"class":86},[47,58891,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58893,83],{"class":82},[47,58895,87],{"class":86},[47,58897,5219],{"class":90},[47,58899,94],{"class":86},[47,58901,41434],{"class":90},[47,58903,87],{"class":86},[47,58905,102],{"class":61},[47,58907,20397],{"class":65},[47,58909,102],{"class":61},[47,58911,110],{"class":86},[47,58913,27957],{"class":113},[20,58915,58916,58917,58920],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58918,58919],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[469,58922,1519,58924,33724],{"id":58923},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58925,57460],{},[20,58927,58928],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,58930,58932],{"className":40,"code":58931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58933,58934,58944,58958,58976,58990,59002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58937,83],{"class":82},[47,58939,87],{"class":86},[47,58941,8515],{"class":90},[47,58943,286],{"class":86},[47,58945,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58947,83],{"class":82},[47,58949,87],{"class":86},[47,58951,1872],{"class":1570},[47,58953,87],{"class":86},[47,58955,8515],{"class":90},[47,58957,1879],{"class":86},[47,58959,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,58961,83],{"class":82},[47,58963,87],{"class":86},[47,58965,8515],{"class":90},[47,58967,94],{"class":86},[47,58969,41434],{"class":90},[47,58971,87],{"class":86},[47,58973,1587],{"class":90},[47,58975,1879],{"class":86},[47,58977,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,58979,83],{"class":82},[47,58981,87],{"class":86},[47,58983,1535],{"class":90},[47,58985,1613],{"class":752},[47,58987,8571],{"class":90},[47,58989,286],{"class":86},[47,58991,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,58993,6137],{"class":752},[47,58995,6140],{"class":53},[47,58997,1613],{"class":752},[47,58999,8571],{"class":53},[47,59001,795],{"class":86},[47,59003,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,59005,776],{"class":82},[47,59007,87],{"class":86},[47,59009,41954],{"class":82},[47,59011,87],{"class":86},[47,59013,23487],{"class":90},[47,59015,1879],{"class":86},[20,59017,59018],{},"These checks can help you see:",[162,59020,59021,59024,59027],{},[165,59022,59023],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[165,59025,59026],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[165,59028,59029],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59031,59032],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[162,59034,59035,59040,59043,59050],{},[165,59036,50663,59037,59039],{},[15,59038,57460],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[165,59041,59042],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[165,59044,11282,59045,59047,59048],{},[15,59046,57465],{}," with string ",[15,59049,57460],{},[165,59051,59052],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[149,59054,1962],{"id":1961},[469,59056,1966,59058,59060],{"id":59057},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59059,57465],{}," change the list?",[20,59062,59063],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[469,59065,59067],{"id":59066},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59069,12088,59070,94],{},[15,59071,1721],{},[469,59073,1980,59075,59077],{"id":59074},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59076,57465],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59079,59080],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[469,59082,2022,59084,59086],{"id":59083},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59085,57465],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59088,42327,59089,837,59091,59093],{},[15,59090,58006],{},[15,59092,58003],{}," are different values.",[469,59095,5338,59097,59099,59100,2037],{"id":59096},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59098,31],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59101,1598],{},[20,59103,8959,59104,59106,59107,837,59109,59106,59111,94],{},[15,59105,31],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59108,1598],{},[15,59110,35],{},[15,59112,1721],{},[149,59114,2062],{"id":2061},[162,59116,59117,59121,59127,59131,59139,59146],{},[165,59118,59119],{},[455,59120,52941],{"href":51150},[165,59122,59123],{},[455,59124,59126],{"href":59125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[165,59128,59129],{},[455,59130,7113],{"href":6377},[165,59132,59133],{},[455,59134,55689,59136,1168],{"href":59135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59137,59138],{},"index()",[165,59140,59141],{},[455,59142,3755,59144],{"href":59143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59145,42536],{},[165,59147,59148],{},[455,59149,59150],{"href":58664},"What is a list in Python",[2093,59152,59153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":59155},[59156,59157,59159,59160,59161,59167,59173,59175,59183,59194],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":57557,"depth":72,"text":59158},"What list.count() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195},{"id":57879,"depth":72,"text":57880,"children":59162},[59163,59164,59166],{"id":57911,"depth":79,"text":57912},{"id":58010,"depth":79,"text":59165},"1 and True can match",{"id":58109,"depth":79,"text":58110},{"id":58187,"depth":72,"text":58188,"children":59168},[59169,59170,59171,59172],{"id":58191,"depth":79,"text":58192},{"id":58270,"depth":79,"text":58271},{"id":58367,"depth":79,"text":58368},{"id":58442,"depth":79,"text":58443},{"id":58543,"depth":72,"text":59174},"When to use count()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":59176},[59177,59178,59180,59181],{"id":58674,"depth":79,"text":58675},{"id":58763,"depth":79,"text":59179},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58850,"depth":79,"text":58851},{"id":58923,"depth":79,"text":59182},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":59184},[59185,59187,59188,59190,59192],{"id":59057,"depth":79,"text":59186},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59066,"depth":79,"text":59067},{"id":59074,"depth":79,"text":59189},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59083,"depth":79,"text":59191},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59096,"depth":79,"text":59193},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57452,"description":59195},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59202,"title":59203,"body":59204,"description":61165,"extension":2138,"meta":61166,"navigation":75,"path":61167,"seo":61168,"stem":61169,"__hash__":61170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59205,"toc":61128},[59206,59209,59212,59214,59342,59346,59427,59438,59440,59459,59463,59466,59469,59487,59489,59532,59536,59561,59570,59574,59579,59582,59699,59703,59772,59776,59788,59792,59795,59836,59840,59853,59856,59941,59945,59978,59985,59991,59996,59998,60010,60014,60047,60051,60083,60087,60124,60128,60148,60152,60186,60190,60219,60230,60234,60237,60240,60253,60310,60314,60353,60359,60362,60364,60367,60371,60374,60399,60401,60426,60433,60436,60481,60485,60504,60507,60546,60553,60558,60591,60595,60696,60703,60736,60740,60765,60769,60772,60810,60813,60850,60854,60857,60876,60880,60941,60943,60961,60965,60968,60971,61000,61002,61006,61009,61017,61021,61024,61044,61050,61056,61060,61063,61070,61078,61080,61119,61125],[10,59207,59203],{"id":59208},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59210,59211],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[149,59213,3788],{"id":3787},[38,59215,59217],{"className":40,"code":59216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59218,59219,59239,59271,59279,59297,59301,59311,59321,59332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59220,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59222,3798],{"class":53},[47,59224,58],{"class":57},[47,59226,3803],{"class":86},[47,59228,1598],{"class":445},[47,59230,309],{"class":86},[47,59232,1769],{"class":445},[47,59234,309],{"class":86},[47,59236,2630],{"class":445},[47,59238,3816],{"class":86},[47,59240,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59242,5175],{"class":53},[47,59244,58],{"class":57},[47,59246,3803],{"class":86},[47,59248,102],{"class":61},[47,59250,13058],{"class":65},[47,59252,102],{"class":61},[47,59254,309],{"class":86},[47,59256,62],{"class":61},[47,59258,36117],{"class":65},[47,59260,102],{"class":61},[47,59262,309],{"class":86},[47,59264,62],{"class":61},[47,59266,36126],{"class":65},[47,59268,102],{"class":61},[47,59270,3816],{"class":86},[47,59272,59273,59275,59277],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59274,56100],{"class":53},[47,59276,58],{"class":57},[47,59278,8015],{"class":86},[47,59280,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,59282,36265],{"class":53},[47,59284,58],{"class":57},[47,59286,22737],{"class":1570},[47,59288,87],{"class":86},[47,59290,102],{"class":61},[47,59292,41735],{"class":65},[47,59294,102],{"class":61},[47,59296,286],{"class":86},[47,59298,59299],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,59300,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59302,59303,59305,59307,59309],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,59304,83],{"class":82},[47,59306,87],{"class":86},[47,59308,3830],{"class":90},[47,59310,286],{"class":86},[47,59312,59313,59315,59317,59319],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,59314,83],{"class":82},[47,59316,87],{"class":86},[47,59318,5219],{"class":90},[47,59320,286],{"class":86},[47,59322,59323,59325,59327,59330],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,59324,83],{"class":82},[47,59326,87],{"class":86},[47,59328,59329],{"class":90},"empty_list",[47,59331,286],{"class":86},[47,59333,59334,59336,59338,59340],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,59335,83],{"class":82},[47,59337,87],{"class":86},[47,59339,36318],{"class":90},[47,59341,286],{"class":86},[20,59343,59344],{},[3922,59345,814],{},[38,59347,59349],{"className":40,"code":59348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59350,59351,59367,59395,59399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59352,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59354,4080],{"class":86},[47,59356,1598],{"class":445},[47,59358,309],{"class":86},[47,59360,1769],{"class":445},[47,59362,309],{"class":86},[47,59364,2630],{"class":445},[47,59366,3816],{"class":86},[47,59368,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59370,4080],{"class":86},[47,59372,3479],{"class":61},[47,59374,13058],{"class":65},[47,59376,3479],{"class":61},[47,59378,309],{"class":86},[47,59380,3474],{"class":61},[47,59382,36117],{"class":65},[47,59384,3479],{"class":61},[47,59386,309],{"class":86},[47,59388,3474],{"class":61},[47,59390,36126],{"class":65},[47,59392,3479],{"class":61},[47,59394,3816],{"class":86},[47,59396,59397],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59398,38472],{"class":86},[47,59400,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,59402,4080],{"class":86},[47,59404,3479],{"class":61},[47,59406,455],{"class":65},[47,59408,3479],{"class":61},[47,59410,309],{"class":86},[47,59412,3474],{"class":61},[47,59414,2014],{"class":65},[47,59416,3479],{"class":61},[47,59418,309],{"class":86},[47,59420,3474],{"class":61},[47,59422,9913],{"class":65},[47,59424,3479],{"class":61},[47,59426,3816],{"class":86},[20,59428,59429,59430,59432,59433,59435,59436,94],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59431,3967],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59434,24958],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59437,36373],{},[149,59439,15342],{"id":15341},[162,59441,59442,59445,59448,59451,59456],{},[165,59443,59444],{},"What a list is in Python",[165,59446,59447],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[165,59449,59450],{},"How to create an empty list",[165,59452,59453,59454,2481],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59455,24958],{},[165,59457,59458],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[149,59460,59462],{"id":59461},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59464,59465],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59467,59468],{},"This means:",[162,59470,59471,59474,59477,59480],{},[165,59472,59473],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[165,59475,59476],{},"The order of items is kept",[165,59478,59479],{},"A list can hold different data types",[165,59481,59482,59483,59486],{},"A list is ",[3922,59484,59485],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59488,183],{},[38,59490,59492],{"className":40,"code":59491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59493,59494,59518,59522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59497,7955],{"class":53},[47,59499,58],{"class":57},[47,59501,3803],{"class":86},[47,59503,102],{"class":61},[47,59505,4260],{"class":65},[47,59507,102],{"class":61},[47,59509,309],{"class":86},[47,59511,6184],{"class":445},[47,59513,309],{"class":86},[47,59515,4096],{"class":4032},[47,59517,3816],{"class":86},[47,59519,59520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59521,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59523,59524,59526,59528,59530],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59525,83],{"class":82},[47,59527,87],{"class":86},[47,59529,7986],{"class":90},[47,59531,286],{"class":86},[20,59533,59534],{},[3922,59535,814],{},[38,59537,59539],{"className":40,"code":59538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59540,59541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59542,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59544,4080],{"class":86},[47,59546,3479],{"class":61},[47,59548,4260],{"class":65},[47,59550,3479],{"class":61},[47,59552,309],{"class":86},[47,59554,6184],{"class":445},[47,59556,309],{"class":86},[47,59558,4096],{"class":4032},[47,59560,3816],{"class":86},[20,59562,59563,59564,32,59567,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[455,59565,59566],{"href":51150},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[455,59568,59569],{"href":58664},"What is a List in Python?",[149,59571,59573],{"id":59572},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59575,59429,59576,59578],{},[15,59577,3967],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59580,59581],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,59583,59585],{"className":40,"code":59584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59586,59587,59607,59639,59664,59668,59678,59688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59588,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59590,3798],{"class":53},[47,59592,58],{"class":57},[47,59594,3803],{"class":86},[47,59596,1598],{"class":445},[47,59598,309],{"class":86},[47,59600,1769],{"class":445},[47,59602,309],{"class":86},[47,59604,2630],{"class":445},[47,59606,3816],{"class":86},[47,59608,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59610,5175],{"class":53},[47,59612,58],{"class":57},[47,59614,3803],{"class":86},[47,59616,102],{"class":61},[47,59618,13058],{"class":65},[47,59620,102],{"class":61},[47,59622,309],{"class":86},[47,59624,62],{"class":61},[47,59626,36117],{"class":65},[47,59628,102],{"class":61},[47,59630,309],{"class":86},[47,59632,62],{"class":61},[47,59634,36126],{"class":65},[47,59636,102],{"class":61},[47,59638,3816],{"class":86},[47,59640,59641,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59642,59643],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,59645,58],{"class":57},[47,59647,3803],{"class":86},[47,59649,2509],{"class":445},[47,59651,309],{"class":86},[47,59653,62],{"class":61},[47,59655,386],{"class":65},[47,59657,102],{"class":61},[47,59659,309],{"class":86},[47,59661,4087],{"class":4032},[47,59663,3816],{"class":86},[47,59665,59666],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,59667,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59669,59670,59672,59674,59676],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,59671,83],{"class":82},[47,59673,87],{"class":86},[47,59675,3830],{"class":90},[47,59677,286],{"class":86},[47,59679,59680,59682,59684,59686],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,59681,83],{"class":82},[47,59683,87],{"class":86},[47,59685,5219],{"class":90},[47,59687,286],{"class":86},[47,59689,59690,59692,59694,59697],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,59691,83],{"class":82},[47,59693,87],{"class":86},[47,59695,59696],{"class":90},"mixed",[47,59698,286],{"class":86},[20,59700,59701],{},[3922,59702,814],{},[38,59704,59706],{"className":40,"code":59705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59707,59708,59724,59752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59709,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59711,4080],{"class":86},[47,59713,1598],{"class":445},[47,59715,309],{"class":86},[47,59717,1769],{"class":445},[47,59719,309],{"class":86},[47,59721,2630],{"class":445},[47,59723,3816],{"class":86},[47,59725,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59727,4080],{"class":86},[47,59729,3479],{"class":61},[47,59731,13058],{"class":65},[47,59733,3479],{"class":61},[47,59735,309],{"class":86},[47,59737,3474],{"class":61},[47,59739,36117],{"class":65},[47,59741,3479],{"class":61},[47,59743,309],{"class":86},[47,59745,3474],{"class":61},[47,59747,36126],{"class":65},[47,59749,3479],{"class":61},[47,59751,3816],{"class":86},[47,59753,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59755,4080],{"class":86},[47,59757,2509],{"class":445},[47,59759,309],{"class":86},[47,59761,3474],{"class":61},[47,59763,386],{"class":65},[47,59765,3479],{"class":61},[47,59767,309],{"class":86},[47,59769,4087],{"class":4032},[47,59771,3816],{"class":86},[469,59773,59775],{"id":59774},"key-points","Key points",[162,59777,59778,59783,59785],{},[165,59779,144,59780,59782],{},[15,59781,3967],{}," to make a new list",[165,59784,15612],{},[165,59786,59787],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[149,59789,59791],{"id":59790},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59793,59794],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,59796,59798],{"className":40,"code":59797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59799,59800,59808,59812,59822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59801,59802,59804,59806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59803,8484],{"class":53},[47,59805,58],{"class":57},[47,59807,8015],{"class":86},[47,59809,59810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59811,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59815,83],{"class":82},[47,59817,87],{"class":86},[47,59819,8515],{"class":90},[47,59821,286],{"class":86},[47,59823,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,59825,83],{"class":82},[47,59827,87],{"class":86},[47,59829,11337],{"class":82},[47,59831,87],{"class":86},[47,59833,8515],{"class":90},[47,59835,1879],{"class":86},[20,59837,59838],{},[3922,59839,814],{},[38,59841,59843],{"className":40,"code":59842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,59844,59845,59849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59846,59847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59848,38472],{"class":86},[47,59850,59851],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59852,47425],{"class":445},[20,59854,59855],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,59857,59859],{"className":40,"code":59858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59860,59861,59869,59873,59891,59909,59927,59931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59862,59863,59865,59867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59864,5175],{"class":53},[47,59866,58],{"class":57},[47,59868,8015],{"class":86},[47,59870,59871],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59872,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,59876,5219],{"class":53},[47,59878,94],{"class":86},[47,59880,13732],{"class":90},[47,59882,87],{"class":86},[47,59884,102],{"class":61},[47,59886,13058],{"class":65},[47,59888,102],{"class":61},[47,59890,286],{"class":86},[47,59892,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,59894,5219],{"class":53},[47,59896,94],{"class":86},[47,59898,13732],{"class":90},[47,59900,87],{"class":86},[47,59902,102],{"class":61},[47,59904,36117],{"class":65},[47,59906,102],{"class":61},[47,59908,286],{"class":86},[47,59910,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,59912,5219],{"class":53},[47,59914,94],{"class":86},[47,59916,13732],{"class":90},[47,59918,87],{"class":86},[47,59920,102],{"class":61},[47,59922,36126],{"class":65},[47,59924,102],{"class":61},[47,59926,286],{"class":86},[47,59928,59929],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,59930,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,59932,59933,59935,59937,59939],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,59934,83],{"class":82},[47,59936,87],{"class":86},[47,59938,5219],{"class":90},[47,59940,286],{"class":86},[20,59942,59943],{},[3922,59944,814],{},[38,59946,59948],{"className":40,"code":59947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59949,59950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59951,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59953,4080],{"class":86},[47,59955,3479],{"class":61},[47,59957,13058],{"class":65},[47,59959,3479],{"class":61},[47,59961,309],{"class":86},[47,59963,3474],{"class":61},[47,59965,36117],{"class":65},[47,59967,3479],{"class":61},[47,59969,309],{"class":86},[47,59971,3474],{"class":61},[47,59973,36126],{"class":65},[47,59975,3479],{"class":61},[47,59977,3816],{"class":86},[20,59979,59980,59981,94],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[455,59982,59983,1168],{"href":56938},[15,59984,52823],{},[149,59986,59988,59989],{"id":59987},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59990,24958],{},[20,59992,144,59993,59995],{},[15,59994,24958],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59997,5636],{},[162,59999,60000,60002,60004,60006],{},[165,60001,5488],{},[165,60003,5482],{},[165,60005,5485],{},[165,60007,60008],{},[15,60009,36373],{},[469,60011,60013],{"id":60012},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,60015,60017],{"className":40,"code":60016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60018,60019,60037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60020,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60022,36265],{"class":53},[47,60024,58],{"class":57},[47,60026,22737],{"class":1570},[47,60028,87],{"class":86},[47,60030,102],{"class":61},[47,60032,41735],{"class":65},[47,60034,102],{"class":61},[47,60036,286],{"class":86},[47,60038,60039,60041,60043,60045],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60040,83],{"class":82},[47,60042,87],{"class":86},[47,60044,36318],{"class":90},[47,60046,286],{"class":86},[20,60048,60049],{},[3922,60050,814],{},[38,60052,60053],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60054,60055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60058,4080],{"class":86},[47,60060,3479],{"class":61},[47,60062,455],{"class":65},[47,60064,3479],{"class":61},[47,60066,309],{"class":86},[47,60068,3474],{"class":61},[47,60070,2014],{"class":65},[47,60072,3479],{"class":61},[47,60074,309],{"class":86},[47,60076,3474],{"class":61},[47,60078,9913],{"class":65},[47,60080,3479],{"class":61},[47,60082,3816],{"class":86},[469,60084,60086],{"id":60085},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,60088,60090],{"className":40,"code":60089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60091,60092,60114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60093,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60095,3798],{"class":53},[47,60097,58],{"class":57},[47,60099,22737],{"class":1570},[47,60101,675],{"class":86},[47,60103,1598],{"class":445},[47,60105,309],{"class":86},[47,60107,1769],{"class":445},[47,60109,309],{"class":86},[47,60111,2630],{"class":445},[47,60113,1879],{"class":86},[47,60115,60116,60118,60120,60122],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60117,83],{"class":82},[47,60119,87],{"class":86},[47,60121,3830],{"class":90},[47,60123,286],{"class":86},[20,60125,60126],{},[3922,60127,814],{},[38,60129,60130],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60131,60132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60133,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144,60146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60135,4080],{"class":86},[47,60137,1598],{"class":445},[47,60139,309],{"class":86},[47,60141,1769],{"class":445},[47,60143,309],{"class":86},[47,60145,2630],{"class":445},[47,60147,3816],{"class":86},[469,60149,60151],{"id":60150},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,60153,60155],{"className":40,"code":60154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60156,60157,60176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60158,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60170,60172,60174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60160,4003],{"class":53},[47,60162,58],{"class":57},[47,60164,22737],{"class":1570},[47,60166,87],{"class":86},[47,60168,60169],{"class":82},"range",[47,60171,87],{"class":86},[47,60173,2313],{"class":445},[47,60175,1879],{"class":86},[47,60177,60178,60180,60182,60184],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60179,83],{"class":82},[47,60181,87],{"class":86},[47,60183,5538],{"class":90},[47,60185,286],{"class":86},[20,60187,60188],{},[3922,60189,814],{},[38,60191,60193],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60194,60195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60196,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60198,4080],{"class":86},[47,60200,1721],{"class":445},[47,60202,309],{"class":86},[47,60204,5677],{"class":445},[47,60206,309],{"class":86},[47,60208,1769],{"class":445},[47,60210,309],{"class":86},[47,60212,2630],{"class":445},[47,60214,309],{"class":86},[47,60216,912],{"class":445},[47,60218,3816],{"class":86},[20,60220,60221,60223,60224,94],{},[15,60222,24958],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[455,60225,60227,60229],{"href":60226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60228,24958],{},": Function Explained",[149,60231,60233],{"id":60232},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60235,60236],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60238,60239],{},"Examples include:",[162,60241,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250],{},[165,60243,5488],{},[165,60245,40599],{},[165,60247,52216],{},[165,60249,40769],{},[165,60251,60252],{},"other lists",[38,60254,60256],{"className":40,"code":60255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60257,60258,60296,60300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60259,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60261,9340],{"class":53},[47,60263,58],{"class":57},[47,60265,3803],{"class":86},[47,60267,102],{"class":61},[47,60269,13058],{"class":65},[47,60271,102],{"class":61},[47,60273,309],{"class":86},[47,60275,9480],{"class":445},[47,60277,309],{"class":86},[47,60279,4096],{"class":4032},[47,60281,309],{"class":86},[47,60283,3803],{"class":86},[47,60285,1598],{"class":445},[47,60287,309],{"class":86},[47,60289,1769],{"class":445},[47,60291,309],{"class":86},[47,60293,2630],{"class":445},[47,60295,53412],{"class":86},[47,60297,60298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60299,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,60301,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,60303,83],{"class":82},[47,60305,87],{"class":86},[47,60307,9379],{"class":90},[47,60309,286],{"class":86},[20,60311,60312],{},[3922,60313,814],{},[38,60315,60317],{"className":40,"code":60316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60318,60319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60320,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60322,4080],{"class":86},[47,60324,3479],{"class":61},[47,60326,13058],{"class":65},[47,60328,3479],{"class":61},[47,60330,309],{"class":86},[47,60332,9480],{"class":445},[47,60334,309],{"class":86},[47,60336,4096],{"class":4032},[47,60338,309],{"class":86},[47,60340,3803],{"class":86},[47,60342,1598],{"class":445},[47,60344,309],{"class":86},[47,60346,1769],{"class":445},[47,60348,309],{"class":86},[47,60350,2630],{"class":445},[47,60352,53412],{"class":86},[20,60354,60355,60356,94],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3922,60357,60358],{},"nested list",[20,60360,60361],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[149,60363,4700],{"id":4699},[20,60365,60366],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[469,60368,60370],{"id":60369},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60372,60373],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,60375,60377],{"className":40,"code":60376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60378,60379,60383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60380,60381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60382,4717],{"class":113},[47,60384,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60386,3798],{"class":53},[47,60388,58],{"class":57},[47,60390,3803],{"class":86},[47,60392,1598],{"class":445},[47,60394,1769],{"class":445},[47,60396,2630],{"class":445},[47,60398,3816],{"class":86},[20,60400,10982],{},[38,60402,60404],{"className":40,"code":60403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60405,60406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60407,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60409,3798],{"class":53},[47,60411,58],{"class":57},[47,60413,3803],{"class":86},[47,60415,1598],{"class":445},[47,60417,309],{"class":86},[47,60419,1769],{"class":445},[47,60421,309],{"class":86},[47,60423,2630],{"class":445},[47,60425,3816],{"class":86},[469,60427,831,60429,11267,60431],{"id":60428},"using-instead-of",[15,60430,7541],{},[15,60432,3967],{},[20,60434,60435],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,60437,60439],{"className":40,"code":60438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60440,60441,60462,60466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60442,60443,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60444,60445],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60447,58],{"class":57},[47,60449,1067],{"class":86},[47,60451,1598],{"class":445},[47,60453,309],{"class":86},[47,60455,1769],{"class":445},[47,60457,309],{"class":86},[47,60459,2630],{"class":445},[47,60461,286],{"class":86},[47,60463,60464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60465,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,60467,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60479],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,60469,83],{"class":82},[47,60471,87],{"class":86},[47,60473,1872],{"class":1570},[47,60475,87],{"class":86},[47,60477,60478],{"class":90},"my_values",[47,60480,1879],{"class":86},[20,60482,60483],{},[3922,60484,814],{},[38,60486,60488],{"className":40,"code":60487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60489,60490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60491,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500,60502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60493,3468],{"class":57},[47,60495,3471],{"class":2242},[47,60497,3474],{"class":61},[47,60499,49126],{"class":65},[47,60501,3479],{"class":61},[47,60503,3482],{"class":57},[20,60505,60506],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,60508,60510],{"className":40,"code":60509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60511,60512,60532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60513,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60515,60445],{"class":53},[47,60517,58],{"class":57},[47,60519,3803],{"class":86},[47,60521,1598],{"class":445},[47,60523,309],{"class":86},[47,60525,1769],{"class":445},[47,60527,309],{"class":86},[47,60529,2630],{"class":445},[47,60531,3816],{"class":86},[47,60533,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60535,83],{"class":82},[47,60537,87],{"class":86},[47,60539,1872],{"class":1570},[47,60541,87],{"class":86},[47,60543,60478],{"class":90},[47,60545,1879],{"class":86},[469,60547,8628,60549,60552],{"id":60548},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60550,60551],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60554,60555,60557],{},[15,60556,24958],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,60559,60561],{"className":40,"code":60560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60562,60563,60581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60564,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60566,2407],{"class":53},[47,60568,58],{"class":57},[47,60570,22737],{"class":1570},[47,60572,87],{"class":86},[47,60574,102],{"class":61},[47,60576,361],{"class":65},[47,60578,102],{"class":61},[47,60580,286],{"class":86},[47,60582,60583,60585,60587,60589],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60584,83],{"class":82},[47,60586,87],{"class":86},[47,60588,2442],{"class":90},[47,60590,286],{"class":86},[20,60592,60593],{},[3922,60594,814],{},[38,60596,60598],{"className":40,"code":60597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60599,60600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60601,60602,60604,60606,60609,60611,60613,60615,60618,60620,60622,60624,60627,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60603,4080],{"class":86},[47,60605,3479],{"class":61},[47,60607,60608],{"class":65},"h",[47,60610,3479],{"class":61},[47,60612,309],{"class":86},[47,60614,3474],{"class":61},[47,60616,60617],{"class":65},"e",[47,60619,3479],{"class":61},[47,60621,309],{"class":86},[47,60623,3474],{"class":61},[47,60625,60626],{"class":65},"l",[47,60628,3479],{"class":61},[47,60630,309],{"class":86},[47,60632,3474],{"class":61},[47,60634,60626],{"class":65},[47,60636,3479],{"class":61},[47,60638,309],{"class":86},[47,60640,3474],{"class":61},[47,60642,60643],{"class":65},"o",[47,60645,3479],{"class":61},[47,60647,309],{"class":86},[47,60649,3474],{"class":61},[47,60651,3474],{"class":61},[47,60653,309],{"class":86},[47,60655,3474],{"class":61},[47,60657,60658],{"class":65},"w",[47,60660,3479],{"class":61},[47,60662,309],{"class":86},[47,60664,3474],{"class":61},[47,60666,60643],{"class":65},[47,60668,3479],{"class":61},[47,60670,309],{"class":86},[47,60672,3474],{"class":61},[47,60674,60675],{"class":65},"r",[47,60677,3479],{"class":61},[47,60679,309],{"class":86},[47,60681,3474],{"class":61},[47,60683,60626],{"class":65},[47,60685,3479],{"class":61},[47,60687,309],{"class":86},[47,60689,3474],{"class":61},[47,60691,18946],{"class":65},[47,60693,3479],{"class":61},[47,60695,3816],{"class":86},[20,60697,60698,60699,60702],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60700,60701],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,60704,60706],{"className":40,"code":60705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60707,60708,60726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60709,60710,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60711,4251],{"class":53},[47,60713,58],{"class":57},[47,60715,62],{"class":61},[47,60717,361],{"class":65},[47,60719,102],{"class":61},[47,60721,94],{"class":86},[47,60723,34645],{"class":90},[47,60725,8817],{"class":86},[47,60727,60728,60730,60732,60734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60729,83],{"class":82},[47,60731,87],{"class":86},[47,60733,4294],{"class":90},[47,60735,286],{"class":86},[20,60737,60738],{},[3922,60739,814],{},[38,60741,60743],{"className":40,"code":60742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60744,60745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60746,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60748,4080],{"class":86},[47,60750,3479],{"class":61},[47,60752,386],{"class":65},[47,60754,3479],{"class":61},[47,60756,309],{"class":86},[47,60758,3474],{"class":61},[47,60760,412],{"class":65},[47,60762,3479],{"class":61},[47,60764,3816],{"class":86},[469,60766,60768],{"id":60767},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60770,60771],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,60773,60775],{"className":40,"code":60774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60776,60777,60781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60778,60779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60780,4717],{"class":113},[47,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60802,60804,60806,60808],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60784,5175],{"class":53},[47,60786,58],{"class":57},[47,60788,3803],{"class":86},[47,60790,102],{"class":61},[47,60792,13058],{"class":65},[47,60794,102],{"class":61},[47,60796,309],{"class":86},[47,60798,62],{"class":61},[47,60800,60801],{"class":65},"Ben', ",[47,60803,102],{"class":61},[47,60805,36126],{"class":53},[47,60807,102],{"class":61},[47,60809,3816],{"class":65},[20,60811,60812],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,60814,60816],{"className":40,"code":60815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60817,60818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60821,5175],{"class":53},[47,60823,58],{"class":57},[47,60825,3803],{"class":86},[47,60827,102],{"class":61},[47,60829,13058],{"class":65},[47,60831,102],{"class":61},[47,60833,309],{"class":86},[47,60835,62],{"class":61},[47,60837,36117],{"class":65},[47,60839,102],{"class":61},[47,60841,309],{"class":86},[47,60843,62],{"class":61},[47,60845,36126],{"class":65},[47,60847,102],{"class":61},[47,60849,3816],{"class":86},[469,60851,60853],{"id":60852},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60855,60856],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[162,60858,60859,60862,60865,60870],{},[165,60860,60861],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[165,60863,60864],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[165,60866,60867,60868],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60869,24958],{},[165,60871,8628,60872,60875],{},[15,60873,60874],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[469,60877,60879],{"id":60878},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[38,60881,60883],{"className":40,"code":60882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60884,60885,60895,60909,60923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60886,60887,60889,60891,60893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60888,83],{"class":82},[47,60890,87],{"class":86},[47,60892,8515],{"class":90},[47,60894,286],{"class":86},[47,60896,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60898,83],{"class":82},[47,60900,87],{"class":86},[47,60902,1872],{"class":1570},[47,60904,87],{"class":86},[47,60906,8515],{"class":90},[47,60908,1879],{"class":86},[47,60910,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,60912,83],{"class":82},[47,60914,87],{"class":86},[47,60916,11337],{"class":82},[47,60918,87],{"class":86},[47,60920,8515],{"class":90},[47,60922,1879],{"class":86},[47,60924,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,60926,83],{"class":82},[47,60928,87],{"class":86},[47,60930,8269],{"class":1570},[47,60932,87],{"class":86},[47,60934,60169],{"class":82},[47,60936,87],{"class":86},[47,60938,2313],{"class":445},[47,60940,1958],{"class":86},[20,60942,26186],{},[162,60944,60945,60948,60951,60954],{},[165,60946,60947],{},"what the list contains",[165,60949,60950],{},"whether the value is really a list",[165,60952,60953],{},"how many items it has",[165,60955,26197,60956,60958,60959],{},[15,60957,24958],{}," does with ",[15,60960,36373],{},[149,60962,60964],{"id":60963},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60966,60967],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60969,60970],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[162,60972,60973,60988,60993],{},[165,60974,144,60975,2366,60979,17251,60983,60987],{},[455,60976,60977],{"href":56938},[15,60978,52823],{},[455,60980,60981],{"href":53514},[15,60982,53616],{},[455,60984,60985],{"href":54078},[15,60986,54437],{}," to add items later",[165,60989,144,60990,60992],{},[455,60991,59566],{"href":51150}," for a broader introduction",[165,60994,144,60995,60999],{},[455,60996,60997,60229],{"href":60226},[15,60998,24958],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[149,61001,1962],{"id":1961},[469,61003,61005],{"id":61004},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61007,61008],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,61010,61011],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61012,61013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61014,61015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61016,38472],{"class":86},[469,61018,61020],{"id":61019},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61022,61023],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,61025,61026],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61027,61028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61029,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038,61040,61042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61031,4080],{"class":86},[47,61033,1598],{"class":445},[47,61035,309],{"class":86},[47,61037,1769],{"class":445},[47,61039,309],{"class":86},[47,61041,2630],{"class":445},[47,61043,3816],{"class":86},[469,61045,5323,61047,61049],{"id":61046},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61048,24958],{}," do in Python?",[20,61051,61052,61053,61055],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61054,36373],{},", into a list.",[469,61057,61059],{"id":61058},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61061,61062],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[469,61064,2032,61066,837,61068,2037],{"id":61065},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61067,3967],{},[15,61069,7541],{},[20,61071,61072,61074,61075,61077],{},[15,61073,3967],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61076,7541],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[149,61079,2062],{"id":2061},[162,61081,61082,61086,61092,61098,61104,61110,61114],{},[165,61083,61084],{},[455,61085,59566],{"href":51150},[165,61087,61088],{},[455,61089,55689,61090,18],{"href":56938},[15,61091,52823],{},[165,61093,61094],{},[455,61095,55689,61096,18],{"href":53514},[15,61097,53616],{},[165,61099,61100],{},[455,61101,55689,61102,18],{"href":54078},[15,61103,54437],{},[165,61105,61106],{},[455,61107,3755,61108,3759],{"href":60226},[15,61109,24958],{},[165,61111,61112],{},[455,61113,59569],{"href":58664},[165,61115,61116],{},[455,61117,61118],{"href":12242},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61120,61121,61122,61124],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61123,52823],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2093,61126,61127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":61129},[61130,61131,61132,61133,61136,61137,61143,61144,61154,61155,61164],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":59461,"depth":72,"text":59462},{"id":59572,"depth":72,"text":59573,"children":61134},[61135],{"id":59774,"depth":79,"text":59775},{"id":59790,"depth":72,"text":59791},{"id":59987,"depth":72,"text":61138,"children":61139},"Create a list with list()",[61140,61141,61142],{"id":60012,"depth":79,"text":60013},{"id":60085,"depth":79,"text":60086},{"id":60150,"depth":79,"text":60151},{"id":60232,"depth":72,"text":60233},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":61145},[61146,61147,61149,61151,61152,61153],{"id":60369,"depth":79,"text":60370},{"id":60428,"depth":79,"text":61148},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60548,"depth":79,"text":61150},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60767,"depth":79,"text":60768},{"id":60852,"depth":79,"text":60853},{"id":60878,"depth":79,"text":60879},{"id":60963,"depth":72,"text":60964},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":61156},[61157,61158,61159,61161,61162],{"id":61004,"depth":79,"text":61005},{"id":61019,"depth":79,"text":61020},{"id":61046,"depth":79,"text":61160},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61058,"depth":79,"text":61059},{"id":61065,"depth":79,"text":61163},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59203,"description":61165},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61172,"title":61173,"body":61174,"description":62914,"extension":2138,"meta":62915,"navigation":75,"path":62916,"seo":62917,"stem":62918,"__hash__":62919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61175,"toc":62869},[61176,61181,61186,61189,61191,61262,61267,61272,61276,61290,61295,61297,61317,61322,61325,61347,61351,61356,61448,61450,61472,61478,61484,61491,61498,61504,61561,61567,61625,61627,61639,61647,61653,61658,61662,61719,61722,61726,61785,61788,61792,61850,61862,61866,61919,61922,61926,61932,61938,62000,62003,62064,62067,62123,62128,62130,62134,62141,62202,62207,62216,62272,62279,62283,62341,62350,62408,62412,62447,62451,62461,62464,62519,62533,62536,62651,62656,62660,62671,62673,62752,62762,62764,62769,62774,62781,62789,62795,62798,62804,62807,62813,62819,62821,62857,62866],[10,61177,54511,61179,18],{"id":61178},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61180,53616],{},[20,61182,61183,61185],{},[15,61184,53517],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61187,61188],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[149,61190,2179],{"id":2178},[38,61192,61194],{"className":40,"code":61193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61195,61196,61212,61229,61233,61248,61258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61197,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208,61210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61199,3798],{"class":53},[47,61201,58],{"class":57},[47,61203,3803],{"class":86},[47,61205,1598],{"class":445},[47,61207,309],{"class":86},[47,61209,1769],{"class":445},[47,61211,3816],{"class":86},[47,61213,61214,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61215,61216],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,61218,58],{"class":57},[47,61220,3803],{"class":86},[47,61222,2239],{"class":445},[47,61224,309],{"class":86},[47,61226,912],{"class":445},[47,61228,3816],{"class":86},[47,61230,61231],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61232,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61234,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61246],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61236,3830],{"class":53},[47,61238,94],{"class":86},[47,61240,53646],{"class":90},[47,61242,87],{"class":86},[47,61244,61245],{"class":90},"more_numbers",[47,61247,286],{"class":86},[47,61249,61250,61252,61254,61256],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61251,83],{"class":82},[47,61253,87],{"class":86},[47,61255,3830],{"class":90},[47,61257,286],{"class":86},[47,61259,61260],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,61261,52893],{"class":113},[20,61263,144,61264,61266],{},[15,61265,53616],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[149,61268,152,61270,155],{"id":61269},"what-listextend-does",[15,61271,53517],{},[20,61273,61274,3062],{},[15,61275,53616],{},[162,61277,61278,61281,61283,61286],{},[165,61279,61280],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[165,61282,54597],{},[165,61284,61285],{},"Does not create a new list",[165,61287,11599,61288],{},[15,61289,3958],{},[20,61291,61292,61293,53971],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61294,53616],{},[149,61296,261],{"id":260},[38,61298,61300],{"className":40,"code":61299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61301,61302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61303,61304,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61305,61306],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61308,94],{"class":86},[47,61310,53646],{"class":90},[47,61312,87],{"class":86},[47,61314,3899],{"class":90},[47,61316,286],{"class":86},[20,61318,5631,61319,61321],{},[3922,61320,3899],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61323,61324],{},"Common iterables include:",[162,61326,61327,61331,61335,61339,61343],{},[165,61328,61329],{},[15,61330,8269],{},[165,61332,61333],{},[15,61334,49126],{},[165,61336,61337],{},[15,61338,6467],{},[165,61340,61341],{},[15,61342,274],{},[165,61344,61345],{},[15,61346,60169],{},[149,61348,61350],{"id":61349},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61352,61353,61354,3062],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61355,53616],{},[38,61357,61359],{"className":40,"code":61358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61360,61361,61385,61410,61414,61429,61433,61443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61362,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61364,36414],{"class":53},[47,61366,58],{"class":57},[47,61368,3803],{"class":86},[47,61370,102],{"class":61},[47,61372,4260],{"class":65},[47,61374,102],{"class":61},[47,61376,309],{"class":86},[47,61378,62],{"class":61},[47,61380,491],{"class":65},[47,61382,102],{"class":61},[47,61384,3816],{"class":86},[47,61386,61387,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61388,61389],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61391,58],{"class":57},[47,61393,3803],{"class":86},[47,61395,102],{"class":61},[47,61397,33396],{"class":65},[47,61399,102],{"class":61},[47,61401,309],{"class":86},[47,61403,62],{"class":61},[47,61405,22710],{"class":65},[47,61407,102],{"class":61},[47,61409,3816],{"class":86},[47,61411,61412],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61413,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61415,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424,61427],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61417,36466],{"class":53},[47,61419,94],{"class":86},[47,61421,53646],{"class":90},[47,61423,87],{"class":86},[47,61425,61426],{"class":90},"more_fruits",[47,61428,286],{"class":86},[47,61430,61431],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61432,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,61436,83],{"class":82},[47,61438,87],{"class":86},[47,61440,36466],{"class":90},[47,61442,286],{"class":86},[47,61444,61445],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,61446,61447],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61449,11860],{},[162,61451,61452,61457,61462],{},[165,61453,61454,61456],{},[15,61455,36466],{}," starts with two items",[165,61458,61459,61461],{},[15,61460,61426],{}," has two more items",[165,61463,61464,61466,61467,61469,61470],{},[15,61465,53616],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61468,61426],{}," to ",[15,61471,36466],{},[20,61473,61474,61475,61477],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61476,36466],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61479,54736,61480,837,61482,94],{},[455,61481,52941],{"href":51150},[455,61483,57324],{"href":57323},[149,61485,61487,10760,61489],{"id":61486},"extend-vs-append",[15,61488,53616],{},[15,61490,52823],{},[20,61492,61493,837,61495,61497],{},[15,61494,53616],{},[15,61496,52823],{}," are often confused.",[469,61499,61501,61503],{"id":61500},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61502,53616],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,61505,61507],{"className":40,"code":61506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61508,61509,61525,61543,61547,61557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61510,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61512,3798],{"class":53},[47,61514,58],{"class":57},[47,61516,3803],{"class":86},[47,61518,1598],{"class":445},[47,61520,309],{"class":86},[47,61522,1769],{"class":445},[47,61524,3816],{"class":86},[47,61526,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539,61541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61528,3830],{"class":53},[47,61530,94],{"class":86},[47,61532,53646],{"class":90},[47,61534,3163],{"class":86},[47,61536,2239],{"class":445},[47,61538,309],{"class":86},[47,61540,912],{"class":445},[47,61542,4068],{"class":86},[47,61544,61545],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61546,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61548,61549,61551,61553,61555],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61550,83],{"class":82},[47,61552,87],{"class":86},[47,61554,3830],{"class":90},[47,61556,286],{"class":86},[47,61558,61559],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61560,52893],{"class":113},[469,61562,61564,61566],{"id":61563},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61565,52823],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,61568,61570],{"className":40,"code":61569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61571,61572,61588,61606,61610,61620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61573,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61575,3798],{"class":53},[47,61577,58],{"class":57},[47,61579,3803],{"class":86},[47,61581,1598],{"class":445},[47,61583,309],{"class":86},[47,61585,1769],{"class":445},[47,61587,3816],{"class":86},[47,61589,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61591,3830],{"class":53},[47,61593,94],{"class":86},[47,61595,13732],{"class":90},[47,61597,3163],{"class":86},[47,61599,2239],{"class":445},[47,61601,309],{"class":86},[47,61603,912],{"class":445},[47,61605,4068],{"class":86},[47,61607,61608],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61609,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61611,61612,61614,61616,61618],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61613,83],{"class":82},[47,61615,87],{"class":86},[47,61617,3830],{"class":90},[47,61619,286],{"class":86},[47,61621,61622],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61623,61624],{"class":113},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61626,18873],{},[162,61628,61629,61634],{},[165,61630,61631,61633],{},[15,61632,53616],{}," to combine values",[165,61635,61636,61638],{},[15,61637,52823],{}," to add one item",[20,61640,42268,61641,837,61645,94],{},[455,61642,55689,61643,1168],{"href":56938},[15,61644,52823],{},[455,61646,53219],{"href":53218},[149,61648,831,61650,61652],{"id":61649},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61651,53616],{}," with different iterables",[20,61654,61655,61657],{},[15,61656,53616],{}," works with more than just lists.",[469,61659,61661],{"id":61660},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,61663,61665],{"className":40,"code":61664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61666,61667,61683,61701,61705,61715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61668,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61670,4003],{"class":53},[47,61672,58],{"class":57},[47,61674,3803],{"class":86},[47,61676,1598],{"class":445},[47,61678,309],{"class":86},[47,61680,1769],{"class":445},[47,61682,3816],{"class":86},[47,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61686,5538],{"class":53},[47,61688,94],{"class":86},[47,61690,53646],{"class":90},[47,61692,675],{"class":86},[47,61694,2239],{"class":445},[47,61696,309],{"class":86},[47,61698,912],{"class":445},[47,61700,1879],{"class":86},[47,61702,61703],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61704,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61708,83],{"class":82},[47,61710,87],{"class":86},[47,61712,5538],{"class":90},[47,61714,286],{"class":86},[47,61716,61717],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61718,52893],{"class":113},[20,61720,61721],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[469,61723,61725],{"id":61724},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,61727,61729],{"className":40,"code":61728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61730,61731,61747,61766,61770,61780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61732,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61734,36265],{"class":53},[47,61736,58],{"class":57},[47,61738,3803],{"class":86},[47,61740,102],{"class":61},[47,61742,455],{"class":65},[47,61744,102],{"class":61},[47,61746,3816],{"class":86},[47,61748,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61762,61764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61750,36318],{"class":53},[47,61752,94],{"class":86},[47,61754,53646],{"class":90},[47,61756,87],{"class":86},[47,61758,102],{"class":61},[47,61760,61761],{"class":65},"bc",[47,61763,102],{"class":61},[47,61765,286],{"class":86},[47,61767,61768],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61769,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61771,61772,61774,61776,61778],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61773,83],{"class":82},[47,61775,87],{"class":86},[47,61777,36318],{"class":90},[47,61779,286],{"class":86},[47,61781,61782],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61783,61784],{"class":113},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61786,61787],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[469,61789,61791],{"id":61790},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,61793,61795],{"className":40,"code":61794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61796,61797,61809,61831,61835,61845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61798,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61800,3798],{"class":53},[47,61802,58],{"class":57},[47,61804,3803],{"class":86},[47,61806,1721],{"class":445},[47,61808,3816],{"class":86},[47,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825,61827,61829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61812,3830],{"class":53},[47,61814,94],{"class":86},[47,61816,53646],{"class":90},[47,61818,87],{"class":86},[47,61820,60169],{"class":82},[47,61822,87],{"class":86},[47,61824,1598],{"class":445},[47,61826,309],{"class":86},[47,61828,912],{"class":445},[47,61830,1879],{"class":86},[47,61832,61833],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61834,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61836,61837,61839,61841,61843],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61838,83],{"class":82},[47,61840,87],{"class":86},[47,61842,3830],{"class":90},[47,61844,286],{"class":86},[47,61846,61847],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61848,61849],{"class":113},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61851,61852,61855,61856,2366,61858,17251,61860,94],{},[15,61853,61854],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61857,1598],{},[15,61859,2233],{},[15,61861,2239],{},[469,61863,61865],{"id":61864},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,61867,61869],{"className":40,"code":61868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61870,61871,61887,61905,61909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61872,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61874,7955],{"class":53},[47,61876,58],{"class":57},[47,61878,3803],{"class":86},[47,61880,1598],{"class":445},[47,61882,309],{"class":86},[47,61884,1769],{"class":445},[47,61886,3816],{"class":86},[47,61888,61889,61891,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901,61903],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61890,7986],{"class":53},[47,61892,94],{"class":86},[47,61894,53646],{"class":90},[47,61896,5708],{"class":86},[47,61898,2239],{"class":445},[47,61900,309],{"class":86},[47,61902,912],{"class":445},[47,61904,30673],{"class":86},[47,61906,61907],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61908,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61910,61911,61913,61915,61917],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61912,83],{"class":82},[47,61914,87],{"class":86},[47,61916,7986],{"class":90},[47,61918,286],{"class":86},[20,61920,61921],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[149,61923,61925],{"id":61924},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61927,61928,2576,61930,94],{},[15,61929,53616],{},[15,61931,3958],{},[20,61933,61934,61935,3062],{},"That means this is ",[3922,61936,61937],{},"wrong",[38,61939,61941],{"className":40,"code":61940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61942,61943,61959,61981,61985,61995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61944,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61946,3798],{"class":53},[47,61948,58],{"class":57},[47,61950,3803],{"class":86},[47,61952,1598],{"class":445},[47,61954,309],{"class":86},[47,61956,1769],{"class":445},[47,61958,3816],{"class":86},[47,61960,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61962,2407],{"class":53},[47,61964,58],{"class":57},[47,61966,4444],{"class":53},[47,61968,94],{"class":86},[47,61970,53646],{"class":90},[47,61972,3163],{"class":86},[47,61974,2239],{"class":445},[47,61976,309],{"class":86},[47,61978,912],{"class":445},[47,61980,4068],{"class":86},[47,61982,61983],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,61984,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,61986,61987,61989,61991,61993],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,61988,83],{"class":82},[47,61990,87],{"class":86},[47,61992,2442],{"class":90},[47,61994,286],{"class":86},[47,61996,61997],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,61998,61999],{"class":113},"# None\n",[20,62001,62002],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,62004,62006],{"className":40,"code":62005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62007,62008,62024,62046,62050,62060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62009,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62011,3798],{"class":53},[47,62013,58],{"class":57},[47,62015,3803],{"class":86},[47,62017,1598],{"class":445},[47,62019,309],{"class":86},[47,62021,1769],{"class":445},[47,62023,3816],{"class":86},[47,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62027,3798],{"class":53},[47,62029,58],{"class":57},[47,62031,4444],{"class":53},[47,62033,94],{"class":86},[47,62035,53646],{"class":90},[47,62037,3163],{"class":86},[47,62039,2239],{"class":445},[47,62041,309],{"class":86},[47,62043,912],{"class":445},[47,62045,4068],{"class":86},[47,62047,62048],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62049,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62053,83],{"class":82},[47,62055,87],{"class":86},[47,62057,3830],{"class":90},[47,62059,286],{"class":86},[47,62061,62062],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62063,61999],{"class":113},[20,62065,62066],{},"The correct way is:",[38,62068,62069],{"className":40,"code":61506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62070,62071,62087,62105,62109,62119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62072,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62074,3798],{"class":53},[47,62076,58],{"class":57},[47,62078,3803],{"class":86},[47,62080,1598],{"class":445},[47,62082,309],{"class":86},[47,62084,1769],{"class":445},[47,62086,3816],{"class":86},[47,62088,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101,62103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62090,3830],{"class":53},[47,62092,94],{"class":86},[47,62094,53646],{"class":90},[47,62096,3163],{"class":86},[47,62098,2239],{"class":445},[47,62100,309],{"class":86},[47,62102,912],{"class":445},[47,62104,4068],{"class":86},[47,62106,62107],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62108,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62110,62111,62113,62115,62117],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62112,83],{"class":82},[47,62114,87],{"class":86},[47,62116,3830],{"class":90},[47,62118,286],{"class":86},[47,62120,62121],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62122,52893],{"class":113},[20,62124,56078,62125,62127],{},[15,62126,53616],{}," first, then use the original list.",[149,62129,4700],{"id":4699},[20,62131,14913,62132,94],{},[15,62133,53616],{},[469,62135,62137,62138,62140],{"id":62136},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62139,53616],{}," to return a new list",[38,62142,62144],{"className":40,"code":62143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62145,62146,62162,62184,62188,62198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62147,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62149,3798],{"class":53},[47,62151,58],{"class":57},[47,62153,3803],{"class":86},[47,62155,1598],{"class":445},[47,62157,309],{"class":86},[47,62159,1769],{"class":445},[47,62161,3816],{"class":86},[47,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176,62178,62180,62182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62165,55811],{"class":53},[47,62167,58],{"class":57},[47,62169,4444],{"class":53},[47,62171,94],{"class":86},[47,62173,53646],{"class":90},[47,62175,3163],{"class":86},[47,62177,2239],{"class":445},[47,62179,309],{"class":86},[47,62181,912],{"class":445},[47,62183,4068],{"class":86},[47,62185,62186],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62187,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62191,83],{"class":82},[47,62193,87],{"class":86},[47,62195,55830],{"class":90},[47,62197,286],{"class":86},[47,62199,62200],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62201,61999],{"class":113},[20,62203,62204,62205,94],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62206,53616],{},[469,62208,62210,62211,44802,62213,62215],{"id":62209},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62212,52823],{},[15,62214,53616],{}," is needed",[38,62217,62218],{"className":40,"code":61569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62219,62220,62236,62254,62258,62268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62221,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62223,3798],{"class":53},[47,62225,58],{"class":57},[47,62227,3803],{"class":86},[47,62229,1598],{"class":445},[47,62231,309],{"class":86},[47,62233,1769],{"class":445},[47,62235,3816],{"class":86},[47,62237,62238,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62239,3830],{"class":53},[47,62241,94],{"class":86},[47,62243,13732],{"class":90},[47,62245,3163],{"class":86},[47,62247,2239],{"class":445},[47,62249,309],{"class":86},[47,62251,912],{"class":445},[47,62253,4068],{"class":86},[47,62255,62256],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62257,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62259,62260,62262,62264,62266],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62261,83],{"class":82},[47,62263,87],{"class":86},[47,62265,3830],{"class":90},[47,62267,286],{"class":86},[47,62269,62270],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62271,61624],{"class":113},[20,62273,62274,62275,54061,62277,6808],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62276,54060],{},[15,62278,53616],{},[469,62280,62282],{"id":62281},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,62284,62286],{"className":40,"code":62285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62287,62288,62304,62322,62326,62336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62289,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62291,4251],{"class":53},[47,62293,58],{"class":57},[47,62295,3803],{"class":86},[47,62297,102],{"class":61},[47,62299,386],{"class":65},[47,62301,102],{"class":61},[47,62303,3816],{"class":86},[47,62305,62306,62308,62310,62312,62314,62316,62318,62320],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62307,4294],{"class":53},[47,62309,94],{"class":86},[47,62311,53646],{"class":90},[47,62313,87],{"class":86},[47,62315,102],{"class":61},[47,62317,412],{"class":65},[47,62319,102],{"class":61},[47,62321,286],{"class":86},[47,62323,62324],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62325,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62327,62328,62330,62332,62334],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62329,83],{"class":82},[47,62331,87],{"class":86},[47,62333,4294],{"class":90},[47,62335,286],{"class":86},[47,62337,62338],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62339,62340],{"class":113},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62342,62343,62344,62347,62348,3062],{},"If you want ",[15,62345,62346],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62349,52823],{},[38,62351,62353],{"className":40,"code":62352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62354,62355,62371,62389,62393,62403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62367,62369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62358,4251],{"class":53},[47,62360,58],{"class":57},[47,62362,3803],{"class":86},[47,62364,102],{"class":61},[47,62366,386],{"class":65},[47,62368,102],{"class":61},[47,62370,3816],{"class":86},[47,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62374,4294],{"class":53},[47,62376,94],{"class":86},[47,62378,13732],{"class":90},[47,62380,87],{"class":86},[47,62382,102],{"class":61},[47,62384,412],{"class":65},[47,62386,102],{"class":61},[47,62388,286],{"class":86},[47,62390,62391],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62392,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62396,83],{"class":82},[47,62398,87],{"class":86},[47,62400,4294],{"class":90},[47,62402,286],{"class":86},[47,62404,62405],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62406,62407],{"class":113},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[469,62409,62411],{"id":62410},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,62413,62415],{"className":40,"code":62414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62416,62417,62433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62420,3798],{"class":53},[47,62422,58],{"class":57},[47,62424,3803],{"class":86},[47,62426,1598],{"class":445},[47,62428,309],{"class":86},[47,62430,1769],{"class":445},[47,62432,3816],{"class":86},[47,62434,62435,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62436,3830],{"class":53},[47,62438,94],{"class":86},[47,62440,53646],{"class":90},[47,62442,87],{"class":86},[47,62444,2313],{"class":445},[47,62446,286],{"class":86},[20,62448,39828,62449,6728],{},[15,62450,2313],{},[20,62452,62453,62454,62456,62457,62460],{},"You will get a ",[15,62455,3182],{},". See ",[455,62458,62459],{"href":52770},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62462,62463],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,62465,62467],{"className":40,"code":62466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62468,62469,62479,62493,62505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62472,83],{"class":82},[47,62474,87],{"class":86},[47,62476,8515],{"class":90},[47,62478,286],{"class":86},[47,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62482,83],{"class":82},[47,62484,87],{"class":86},[47,62486,1872],{"class":1570},[47,62488,87],{"class":86},[47,62490,5538],{"class":90},[47,62492,1879],{"class":86},[47,62494,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62496,83],{"class":82},[47,62498,87],{"class":86},[47,62500,2442],{"class":90},[47,62502,1696],{"class":86},[47,62504,286],{"class":53},[47,62506,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62508,32327],{"class":82},[47,62510,87],{"class":86},[47,62512,8269],{"class":1570},[47,62514,94],{"class":86},[47,62516,53646],{"class":24927},[47,62518,286],{"class":86},[43754,62520,62521],{},[20,62522,62523,62524,62527,62528,62530,62531,94],{},"Note: ",[15,62525,62526],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62529,1696],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62532,33202],{},[20,62534,62535],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,62537,62539],{"className":40,"code":62538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62540,62541,62557,62573,62577,62591,62595,62603,62613,62627,62637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62544,8484],{"class":53},[47,62546,58],{"class":57},[47,62548,3803],{"class":86},[47,62550,1598],{"class":445},[47,62552,309],{"class":86},[47,62554,1769],{"class":445},[47,62556,3816],{"class":86},[47,62558,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62560,4003],{"class":53},[47,62562,58],{"class":57},[47,62564,3803],{"class":86},[47,62566,2239],{"class":445},[47,62568,309],{"class":86},[47,62570,912],{"class":445},[47,62572,3816],{"class":86},[47,62574,62575],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62576,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62578,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587,62589],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62580,8515],{"class":53},[47,62582,94],{"class":86},[47,62584,53646],{"class":90},[47,62586,87],{"class":86},[47,62588,5538],{"class":90},[47,62590,286],{"class":86},[47,62592,62593],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62594,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62596,62597,62599,62601],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,62598,2407],{"class":53},[47,62600,58],{"class":57},[47,62602,48701],{"class":4032},[47,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,62606,83],{"class":82},[47,62608,87],{"class":86},[47,62610,8515],{"class":90},[47,62612,286],{"class":86},[47,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,62616,83],{"class":82},[47,62618,87],{"class":86},[47,62620,1872],{"class":1570},[47,62622,87],{"class":86},[47,62624,5538],{"class":90},[47,62626,1879],{"class":86},[47,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,62630,83],{"class":82},[47,62632,87],{"class":86},[47,62634,2442],{"class":90},[47,62636,286],{"class":86},[47,62638,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,62640,32327],{"class":82},[47,62642,87],{"class":86},[47,62644,8269],{"class":1570},[47,62646,94],{"class":86},[47,62648,53646],{"class":24927},[47,62650,286],{"class":86},[149,62652,1321,62654],{"id":62653},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62655,53616],{},[20,62657,144,62658,6498],{},[15,62659,53616],{},[162,62661,62662,62665,62668],{},[165,62663,62664],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[165,62666,62667],{},"Add multiple values at once",[165,62669,62670],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62672,5651],{},[38,62674,62676],{"className":40,"code":62675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62677,62678,62695,62713,62717,62733,62737,62747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62679,62680,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62681,62682],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62684,58],{"class":57},[47,62686,3803],{"class":86},[47,62688,13681],{"class":445},[47,62690,309],{"class":86},[47,62692,13686],{"class":445},[47,62694,3816],{"class":86},[47,62696,62697,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62698,62699],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62701,58],{"class":57},[47,62703,3803],{"class":86},[47,62705,51675],{"class":445},[47,62707,309],{"class":86},[47,62709,62710],{"class":445}," 92",[47,62712,3816],{"class":86},[47,62714,62715],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,62716,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62718,62719,62722,62724,62726,62728,62731],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,62720,62721],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62723,94],{"class":86},[47,62725,53646],{"class":90},[47,62727,87],{"class":86},[47,62729,62730],{"class":90},"new_scores",[47,62732,286],{"class":86},[47,62734,62735],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,62736,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,62738,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,62740,83],{"class":82},[47,62742,87],{"class":86},[47,62744,62721],{"class":90},[47,62746,286],{"class":86},[47,62748,62749],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,62750,62751],{"class":113},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62753,62754,62755,62757,62758,94],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62756,52823],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[455,62759,55689,62760,1168],{"href":54078},[15,62761,54437],{},[149,62763,1962],{"id":1961},[469,62765,1966,62767,55638],{"id":62766},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62768,53517],{},[20,62770,62771,62772,94],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62773,3958],{},[469,62775,2032,62777,837,62779,2037],{"id":62776},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62778,53616],{},[15,62780,52823],{},[20,62782,62783,62785,62786,62788],{},[15,62784,53616],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62787,52823],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[469,62790,2049,62792,62794],{"id":62791},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62793,53616],{}," with a string?",[20,62796,62797],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[469,62799,2049,62801,62803],{"id":62800},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62802,53616],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62805,62806],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[469,62808,62810,62811,2037],{"id":62809},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62812,53616],{},[20,62814,62815,62816,62818],{},"You get a ",[15,62817,3182],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[149,62820,2062],{"id":2061},[162,62822,62823,62829,62833,62837,62841,62847,62851],{},[165,62824,62825],{},[455,62826,55689,62827,1168],{"href":56938},[15,62828,52823],{},[165,62830,62831],{},[455,62832,54447],{"href":53218},[165,62834,62835],{},[455,62836,57398],{"href":57323},[165,62838,62839],{},[455,62840,52941],{"href":51150},[165,62842,62843],{},[455,62844,55689,62845,1168],{"href":54078},[15,62846,54437],{},[165,62848,62849],{},[455,62850,62459],{"href":52770},[165,62852,62853],{},[455,62854,55689,62855,1168],{"href":55129},[15,62856,12954],{},[20,62858,62859,62860,62862,62863,62865],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62861,52823],{},", when to use ",[15,62864,54437],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2093,62867,62868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":62870},[62871,62872,62874,62875,62876,62883,62890,62891,62899,62901,62913],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":61269,"depth":72,"text":62873},"What list.extend() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":61349,"depth":72,"text":61350},{"id":61486,"depth":72,"text":62877,"children":62878},"extend() vs append()",[62879,62881],{"id":61500,"depth":79,"text":62880},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61563,"depth":79,"text":62882},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61649,"depth":72,"text":62884,"children":62885},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62886,62887,62888,62889],{"id":61660,"depth":79,"text":61661},{"id":61724,"depth":79,"text":61725},{"id":61790,"depth":79,"text":61791},{"id":61864,"depth":79,"text":61865},{"id":61924,"depth":72,"text":61925},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":62892},[62893,62895,62897,62898],{"id":62136,"depth":79,"text":62894},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62209,"depth":79,"text":62896},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62281,"depth":79,"text":62282},{"id":62410,"depth":79,"text":62411},{"id":62653,"depth":72,"text":62900},"When to use extend()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":62902},[62903,62905,62907,62909,62911],{"id":62766,"depth":79,"text":62904},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62776,"depth":79,"text":62906},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62791,"depth":79,"text":62908},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62800,"depth":79,"text":62910},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62809,"depth":79,"text":62912},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61173,"description":62914},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62921,"title":62922,"body":62923,"description":65014,"extension":2138,"meta":65015,"navigation":75,"path":65016,"seo":65017,"stem":65018,"__hash__":65019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62924,"toc":64977},[62925,62928,62933,62939,62950,62956,62958,63027,63029,63078,63086,63090,63095,63098,63109,63114,63116,63118,63139,63152,63155,63168,63170,63175,63200,63202,63210,63213,63282,63284,63308,63314,63318,63322,63358,63360,63380,63387,63391,63424,63426,63460,63465,63469,63502,63504,63532,63540,63544,63581,63583,63604,63607,63611,63680,63682,63706,63712,63719,63723,63726,63728,63742,63745,63769,63771,63796,63799,63818,63820,63846,63855,63859,63866,63943,63945,63986,63992,63998,64089,64091,64147,64150,64155,64159,64164,64168,64227,64229,64254,64258,64321,64323,64348,64352,64415,64417,64460,64463,64467,64471,64493,64497,64579,64581,64616,64624,64626,64630,64634,64636,64663,64668,64670,64697,64704,64707,64730,64732,64781,64784,64787,64806,64810,64813,64864,64867,64873,64877,64882,64885,64887,64893,64902,64906,64912,64916,64919,64923,64926,64930,64936,64938,64974],[10,62926,62922],{"id":62927},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62929,9297,62930,62932],{},[15,62931,24958],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62934,62935,62936,62938],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62937,24958],{}," for two main reasons:",[162,62940,62941,62944],{},[165,62942,62943],{},"to make an empty list",[165,62945,62946,62947,62949],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62948,60169],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62951,62952,62953,62955],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62954,24958],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[149,62957,2179],{"id":2178},[38,62959,62961],{"className":40,"code":62960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62962,62963,62985,63003,63007,63017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62964,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62966,3798],{"class":53},[47,62968,58],{"class":57},[47,62970,22737],{"class":1570},[47,62972,675],{"class":86},[47,62974,1598],{"class":445},[47,62976,309],{"class":86},[47,62978,1769],{"class":445},[47,62980,309],{"class":86},[47,62982,2630],{"class":445},[47,62984,1879],{"class":86},[47,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62988,36265],{"class":53},[47,62990,58],{"class":57},[47,62992,22737],{"class":1570},[47,62994,87],{"class":86},[47,62996,102],{"class":61},[47,62998,41735],{"class":65},[47,63000,102],{"class":61},[47,63002,286],{"class":86},[47,63004,63005],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,63006,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,63010,83],{"class":82},[47,63012,87],{"class":86},[47,63014,3830],{"class":90},[47,63016,286],{"class":86},[47,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,63020,83],{"class":82},[47,63022,87],{"class":86},[47,63024,36318],{"class":90},[47,63026,286],{"class":86},[20,63028,814],{},[38,63030,63032],{"className":40,"code":63031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63033,63034,63050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63037,4080],{"class":86},[47,63039,1598],{"class":445},[47,63041,309],{"class":86},[47,63043,1769],{"class":445},[47,63045,309],{"class":86},[47,63047,2630],{"class":445},[47,63049,3816],{"class":86},[47,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63053,4080],{"class":86},[47,63055,3479],{"class":61},[47,63057,455],{"class":65},[47,63059,3479],{"class":61},[47,63061,309],{"class":86},[47,63063,3474],{"class":61},[47,63065,2014],{"class":65},[47,63067,3479],{"class":61},[47,63069,309],{"class":86},[47,63071,3474],{"class":61},[47,63073,9913],{"class":65},[47,63075,3479],{"class":61},[47,63077,3816],{"class":86},[20,63079,144,63080,63082,63083,63085],{},[15,63081,24958],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63084,60169],{},", set, or dictionary.",[149,63087,63089],{"id":63088},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63091,63092,63094],{},[15,63093,24958],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63096,63097],{},"It can:",[162,63099,63100,63103,63106],{},[165,63101,63102],{},"create a new list object",[165,63104,63105],{},"make an empty list",[165,63107,63108],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63110,63111,63112,94],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[455,63113,52941],{"href":51150},[149,63115,261],{"id":260},[20,63117,26665],{},[38,63119,63121],{"className":40,"code":63120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63122,63123,63129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63124,63125,63127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63126,8269],{"class":1570},[47,63128,8817],{"class":86},[47,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63132,8269],{"class":1570},[47,63134,87],{"class":86},[47,63136,3899],{"class":90},[47,63138,286],{"class":86},[162,63140,63141,63146],{},[165,63142,63143,63145],{},[15,63144,24958],{}," makes an empty list",[165,63147,63148,63151],{},[15,63149,63150],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63153,63154],{},"Common iterable values include:",[162,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63166],{},[165,63158,5488],{},[165,63160,5482],{},[165,63162,5485],{},[165,63164,63165],{},"ranges",[165,63167,7427],{},[149,63169,59791],{"id":59790},[20,63171,144,63172,63174],{},[15,63173,24958],{}," with no arguments:",[38,63176,63178],{"className":40,"code":63177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63179,63180,63190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63183,7955],{"class":53},[47,63185,58],{"class":57},[47,63187,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63189,8817],{"class":86},[47,63191,63192,63194,63196,63198],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63193,83],{"class":82},[47,63195,87],{"class":86},[47,63197,7986],{"class":90},[47,63199,286],{"class":86},[20,63201,814],{},[38,63203,63204],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63205,63206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63207,63208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63209,38472],{"class":86},[20,63211,63212],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,63214,63216],{"className":40,"code":63215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63217,63218,63228,63232,63250,63268,63272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63219,63220,63222,63224,63226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63221,7955],{"class":53},[47,63223,58],{"class":57},[47,63225,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63227,8817],{"class":86},[47,63229,63230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63231,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,63235,7986],{"class":53},[47,63237,94],{"class":86},[47,63239,13732],{"class":90},[47,63241,87],{"class":86},[47,63243,102],{"class":61},[47,63245,4260],{"class":65},[47,63247,102],{"class":61},[47,63249,286],{"class":86},[47,63251,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,63253,7986],{"class":53},[47,63255,94],{"class":86},[47,63257,13732],{"class":90},[47,63259,87],{"class":86},[47,63261,102],{"class":61},[47,63263,491],{"class":65},[47,63265,102],{"class":61},[47,63267,286],{"class":86},[47,63269,63270],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,63271,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,63273,63274,63276,63278,63280],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,63275,83],{"class":82},[47,63277,87],{"class":86},[47,63279,7986],{"class":90},[47,63281,286],{"class":86},[20,63283,814],{},[38,63285,63286],{"className":40,"code":38598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63287,63288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63291,4080],{"class":86},[47,63293,3479],{"class":61},[47,63295,4260],{"class":65},[47,63297,3479],{"class":61},[47,63299,309],{"class":86},[47,63301,3474],{"class":61},[47,63303,491],{"class":65},[47,63305,3479],{"class":61},[47,63307,3816],{"class":86},[20,63309,63310,63311,63313],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63312,3967],{},". Both are valid.",[149,63315,63317],{"id":63316},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[469,63319,63321],{"id":63320},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,63323,63324],{"className":40,"code":60089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63325,63326,63348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63327,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63329,3798],{"class":53},[47,63331,58],{"class":57},[47,63333,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63335,675],{"class":86},[47,63337,1598],{"class":445},[47,63339,309],{"class":86},[47,63341,1769],{"class":445},[47,63343,309],{"class":86},[47,63345,2630],{"class":445},[47,63347,1879],{"class":86},[47,63349,63350,63352,63354,63356],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63351,83],{"class":82},[47,63353,87],{"class":86},[47,63355,3830],{"class":90},[47,63357,286],{"class":86},[20,63359,814],{},[38,63361,63362],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63363,63364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63367,4080],{"class":86},[47,63369,1598],{"class":445},[47,63371,309],{"class":86},[47,63373,1769],{"class":445},[47,63375,309],{"class":86},[47,63377,2630],{"class":445},[47,63379,3816],{"class":86},[20,63381,63382,63383,94],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[455,63384,63386],{"href":63385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[469,63388,63390],{"id":63389},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,63392,63394],{"className":40,"code":63393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63395,63396,63414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63399,36265],{"class":53},[47,63401,58],{"class":57},[47,63403,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63405,87],{"class":86},[47,63407,102],{"class":61},[47,63409,37223],{"class":65},[47,63411,102],{"class":61},[47,63413,286],{"class":86},[47,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63417,83],{"class":82},[47,63419,87],{"class":86},[47,63421,36318],{"class":90},[47,63423,286],{"class":86},[20,63425,814],{},[38,63427,63429],{"className":40,"code":63428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63430,63431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63432,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63456,63458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63434,4080],{"class":86},[47,63436,3479],{"class":61},[47,63438,9913],{"class":65},[47,63440,3479],{"class":61},[47,63442,309],{"class":86},[47,63444,3474],{"class":61},[47,63446,455],{"class":65},[47,63448,3479],{"class":61},[47,63450,309],{"class":86},[47,63452,3474],{"class":61},[47,63454,63455],{"class":65},"t",[47,63457,3479],{"class":61},[47,63459,3816],{"class":86},[20,63461,63462,63464],{},[15,63463,24958],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[469,63466,63468],{"id":63467},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,63470,63472],{"className":40,"code":63471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63473,63474,63492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63477,3798],{"class":53},[47,63479,58],{"class":57},[47,63481,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63483,87],{"class":86},[47,63485,60169],{"class":82},[47,63487,87],{"class":86},[47,63489,2313],{"class":445},[47,63491,1879],{"class":86},[47,63493,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63495,83],{"class":82},[47,63497,87],{"class":86},[47,63499,3830],{"class":90},[47,63501,286],{"class":86},[20,63503,814],{},[38,63505,63506],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63507,63508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63511,4080],{"class":86},[47,63513,1721],{"class":445},[47,63515,309],{"class":86},[47,63517,5677],{"class":445},[47,63519,309],{"class":86},[47,63521,1769],{"class":445},[47,63523,309],{"class":86},[47,63525,2630],{"class":445},[47,63527,309],{"class":86},[47,63529,912],{"class":445},[47,63531,3816],{"class":86},[20,63533,63534,63535,63539],{},"This is common when working with ",[455,63536,63537],{"href":36370},[15,63538,36373],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[469,63541,63543],{"id":63542},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,63545,63547],{"className":40,"code":63546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63548,63549,63571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63550,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63552,4003],{"class":53},[47,63554,58],{"class":57},[47,63556,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63558,5708],{"class":86},[47,63560,2509],{"class":445},[47,63562,309],{"class":86},[47,63564,7966],{"class":445},[47,63566,309],{"class":86},[47,63568,7971],{"class":445},[47,63570,30673],{"class":86},[47,63572,63573,63575,63577,63579],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63574,83],{"class":82},[47,63576,87],{"class":86},[47,63578,5538],{"class":90},[47,63580,286],{"class":86},[20,63582,17137],{},[38,63584,63586],{"className":40,"code":63585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63587,63588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63591,4080],{"class":86},[47,63593,2509],{"class":445},[47,63595,309],{"class":86},[47,63597,7966],{"class":445},[47,63599,309],{"class":86},[47,63601,7971],{"class":445},[47,63603,3816],{"class":86},[20,63605,63606],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[469,63608,63610],{"id":63609},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,63612,63614],{"className":40,"code":63613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63615,63616,63652,63666,63670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63617,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63619,13383],{"class":53},[47,63621,58],{"class":57},[47,63623,10665],{"class":86},[47,63625,102],{"class":61},[47,63627,214],{"class":65},[47,63629,102],{"class":61},[47,63631,3062],{"class":86},[47,63633,62],{"class":61},[47,63635,13058],{"class":65},[47,63637,102],{"class":61},[47,63639,309],{"class":86},[47,63641,62],{"class":61},[47,63643,9473],{"class":65},[47,63645,102],{"class":61},[47,63647,3062],{"class":86},[47,63649,9480],{"class":445},[47,63651,9483],{"class":86},[47,63653,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63655,2407],{"class":53},[47,63657,58],{"class":57},[47,63659,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63661,87],{"class":86},[47,63663,17486],{"class":90},[47,63665,286],{"class":86},[47,63667,63668],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,63669,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,63671,63672,63674,63676,63678],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,63673,83],{"class":82},[47,63675,87],{"class":86},[47,63677,2442],{"class":90},[47,63679,286],{"class":86},[20,63681,814],{},[38,63683,63684],{"className":40,"code":25658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63685,63686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63689,4080],{"class":86},[47,63691,3479],{"class":61},[47,63693,214],{"class":65},[47,63695,3479],{"class":61},[47,63697,309],{"class":86},[47,63699,3474],{"class":61},[47,63701,9473],{"class":65},[47,63703,3479],{"class":61},[47,63705,3816],{"class":86},[20,63707,63708,63709,63711],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63710,24958],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63713,63714,63715,94],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[455,63716,63718],{"href":63717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[149,63720,63722],{"id":63721},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63724,63725],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63727,61324],{},[162,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740],{},[165,63731,5479],{},[165,63733,5482],{},[165,63735,5488],{},[165,63737,5485],{},[165,63739,63165],{},[165,63741,7427],{},[20,63743,63744],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,63746,63748],{"className":40,"code":63747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63749,63750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63751,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63765,63767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63753,83],{"class":82},[47,63755,87],{"class":86},[47,63757,8269],{"class":1570},[47,63759,87],{"class":86},[47,63761,102],{"class":61},[47,63763,63764],{"class":65},"hi",[47,63766,102],{"class":61},[47,63768,1879],{"class":86},[20,63770,814],{},[38,63772,63774],{"className":40,"code":63773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63775,63776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63779,4080],{"class":86},[47,63781,3479],{"class":61},[47,63783,60608],{"class":65},[47,63785,3479],{"class":61},[47,63787,309],{"class":86},[47,63789,3474],{"class":61},[47,63791,36329],{"class":65},[47,63793,3479],{"class":61},[47,63795,3816],{"class":86},[20,63797,63798],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,63800,63802],{"className":40,"code":63801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63803,63804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63807,83],{"class":82},[47,63809,87],{"class":86},[47,63811,8269],{"class":1570},[47,63813,87],{"class":86},[47,63815,2313],{"class":445},[47,63817,1879],{"class":86},[20,63819,814],{},[38,63821,63823],{"className":40,"code":63822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63824,63825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63828,3182],{"class":1570},[47,63830,3062],{"class":86},[47,63832,3474],{"class":61},[47,63834,2365],{"class":65},[47,63836,3479],{"class":61},[47,63838,24794],{"class":1570},[47,63840,8272],{"class":57},[47,63842,8275],{"class":57},[47,63844,63845],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,63847,63848,63849,63851,63852,94],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[455,63850,5317],{"href":5765},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[455,63853,63854],{"href":52770},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[149,63856,63858],{"id":63857},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63860,63861,63862,63865],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63863,63864],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,63867,63869],{"className":40,"code":63868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63870,63871,63891,63905,63909,63919,63929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63872,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63874,12263],{"class":53},[47,63876,58],{"class":57},[47,63878,3803],{"class":86},[47,63880,1598],{"class":445},[47,63882,309],{"class":86},[47,63884,1769],{"class":445},[47,63886,309],{"class":86},[47,63888,2630],{"class":445},[47,63890,3816],{"class":86},[47,63892,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63894,14491],{"class":53},[47,63896,58],{"class":57},[47,63898,22737],{"class":1570},[47,63900,87],{"class":86},[47,63902,12310],{"class":90},[47,63904,286],{"class":86},[47,63906,63907],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,63908,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,63910,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,63912,83],{"class":82},[47,63914,87],{"class":86},[47,63916,12310],{"class":90},[47,63918,286],{"class":86},[47,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,63922,83],{"class":82},[47,63924,87],{"class":86},[47,63926,14510],{"class":90},[47,63928,286],{"class":86},[47,63930,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,63932,83],{"class":82},[47,63934,87],{"class":86},[47,63936,12263],{"class":90},[47,63938,12371],{"class":752},[47,63940,14564],{"class":90},[47,63942,286],{"class":86},[20,63944,814],{},[38,63946,63948],{"className":40,"code":63947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63949,63950,63966,63982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63951,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63953,4080],{"class":86},[47,63955,1598],{"class":445},[47,63957,309],{"class":86},[47,63959,1769],{"class":445},[47,63961,309],{"class":86},[47,63963,2630],{"class":445},[47,63965,3816],{"class":86},[47,63967,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63969,4080],{"class":86},[47,63971,1598],{"class":445},[47,63973,309],{"class":86},[47,63975,1769],{"class":445},[47,63977,309],{"class":86},[47,63979,2630],{"class":445},[47,63981,3816],{"class":86},[47,63983,63984],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,63985,4221],{"class":4032},[20,63987,63988,63989,63991],{},"This means ",[15,63990,14510],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63993,63994,63995,63997],{},"However, this is only a ",[3922,63996,13028],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,63999,64001],{"className":40,"code":64000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64002,64003,64029,64043,64047,64065,64069,64079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64004,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64006,12263],{"class":53},[47,64008,58],{"class":57},[47,64010,56463],{"class":86},[47,64012,1598],{"class":445},[47,64014,309],{"class":86},[47,64016,1769],{"class":445},[47,64018,18240],{"class":86},[47,64020,3803],{"class":86},[47,64022,2239],{"class":445},[47,64024,309],{"class":86},[47,64026,912],{"class":445},[47,64028,53412],{"class":86},[47,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64032,14491],{"class":53},[47,64034,58],{"class":57},[47,64036,22737],{"class":1570},[47,64038,87],{"class":86},[47,64040,12310],{"class":90},[47,64042,286],{"class":86},[47,64044,64045],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,64046,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,64050,14510],{"class":53},[47,64052,4080],{"class":86},[47,64054,1721],{"class":445},[47,64056,13729],{"class":86},[47,64058,13732],{"class":90},[47,64060,87],{"class":86},[47,64062,56516],{"class":445},[47,64064,286],{"class":86},[47,64066,64067],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,64068,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,64070,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,64072,83],{"class":82},[47,64074,87],{"class":86},[47,64076,12310],{"class":90},[47,64078,286],{"class":86},[47,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,64082,83],{"class":82},[47,64084,87],{"class":86},[47,64086,14510],{"class":90},[47,64088,286],{"class":86},[20,64090,814],{},[38,64092,64093],{"className":40,"code":56547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64094,64095,64121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64096,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64098,56554],{"class":86},[47,64100,1598],{"class":445},[47,64102,309],{"class":86},[47,64104,1769],{"class":445},[47,64106,309],{"class":86},[47,64108,10371],{"class":445},[47,64110,18240],{"class":86},[47,64112,3803],{"class":86},[47,64114,2239],{"class":445},[47,64116,309],{"class":86},[47,64118,912],{"class":445},[47,64120,53412],{"class":86},[47,64122,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64124,56554],{"class":86},[47,64126,1598],{"class":445},[47,64128,309],{"class":86},[47,64130,1769],{"class":445},[47,64132,309],{"class":86},[47,64134,10371],{"class":445},[47,64136,18240],{"class":86},[47,64138,3803],{"class":86},[47,64140,2239],{"class":445},[47,64142,309],{"class":86},[47,64144,912],{"class":445},[47,64146,53412],{"class":86},[20,64148,64149],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64151,64152,64153,94],{},"For more on this, see ",[455,64154,13970],{"href":13969},[149,64156,64158],{"id":64157},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64160,64161,64162,94],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64163,24958],{},[469,64165,64167],{"id":64166},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,64169,64171],{"className":40,"code":64170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64172,64173,64213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64176,13041],{"class":53},[47,64178,58],{"class":57},[47,64180,10665],{"class":86},[47,64182,102],{"class":61},[47,64184,214],{"class":65},[47,64186,102],{"class":61},[47,64188,3062],{"class":86},[47,64190,62],{"class":61},[47,64192,8097],{"class":65},[47,64194,102],{"class":61},[47,64196,309],{"class":86},[47,64198,62],{"class":61},[47,64200,20070],{"class":65},[47,64202,102],{"class":61},[47,64204,3062],{"class":86},[47,64206,62],{"class":61},[47,64208,22422],{"class":65},[47,64210,102],{"class":61},[47,64212,9483],{"class":86},[47,64214,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64216,83],{"class":82},[47,64218,87],{"class":86},[47,64220,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64222,87],{"class":86},[47,64224,13805],{"class":90},[47,64226,1879],{"class":86},[20,64228,814],{},[38,64230,64232],{"className":40,"code":64231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64233,64234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64235,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64237,4080],{"class":86},[47,64239,3479],{"class":61},[47,64241,214],{"class":65},[47,64243,3479],{"class":61},[47,64245,309],{"class":86},[47,64247,3474],{"class":61},[47,64249,20070],{"class":65},[47,64251,3479],{"class":61},[47,64253,3816],{"class":86},[469,64255,64257],{"id":64256},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,64259,64261],{"className":40,"code":64260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64262,64263,64303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64264,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64266,13041],{"class":53},[47,64268,58],{"class":57},[47,64270,10665],{"class":86},[47,64272,102],{"class":61},[47,64274,214],{"class":65},[47,64276,102],{"class":61},[47,64278,3062],{"class":86},[47,64280,62],{"class":61},[47,64282,8097],{"class":65},[47,64284,102],{"class":61},[47,64286,309],{"class":86},[47,64288,62],{"class":61},[47,64290,20070],{"class":65},[47,64292,102],{"class":61},[47,64294,3062],{"class":86},[47,64296,62],{"class":61},[47,64298,22422],{"class":65},[47,64300,102],{"class":61},[47,64302,9483],{"class":86},[47,64304,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64306,83],{"class":82},[47,64308,87],{"class":86},[47,64310,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64312,87],{"class":86},[47,64314,13805],{"class":90},[47,64316,94],{"class":86},[47,64318,5538],{"class":90},[47,64320,6470],{"class":86},[20,64322,814],{},[38,64324,64326],{"className":40,"code":64325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64327,64328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64331,4080],{"class":86},[47,64333,3479],{"class":61},[47,64335,8097],{"class":65},[47,64337,3479],{"class":61},[47,64339,309],{"class":86},[47,64341,3474],{"class":61},[47,64343,22422],{"class":65},[47,64345,3479],{"class":61},[47,64347,3816],{"class":86},[469,64349,64351],{"id":64350},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,64353,64355],{"className":40,"code":64354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64356,64357,64397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64358,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64360,13041],{"class":53},[47,64362,58],{"class":57},[47,64364,10665],{"class":86},[47,64366,102],{"class":61},[47,64368,214],{"class":65},[47,64370,102],{"class":61},[47,64372,3062],{"class":86},[47,64374,62],{"class":61},[47,64376,8097],{"class":65},[47,64378,102],{"class":61},[47,64380,309],{"class":86},[47,64382,62],{"class":61},[47,64384,20070],{"class":65},[47,64386,102],{"class":61},[47,64388,3062],{"class":86},[47,64390,62],{"class":61},[47,64392,22422],{"class":65},[47,64394,102],{"class":61},[47,64396,9483],{"class":86},[47,64398,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64400,83],{"class":82},[47,64402,87],{"class":86},[47,64404,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64406,87],{"class":86},[47,64408,13805],{"class":90},[47,64410,94],{"class":86},[47,64412,7986],{"class":90},[47,64414,6470],{"class":86},[20,64416,814],{},[38,64418,64420],{"className":40,"code":64419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64421,64422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64423,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64425,21917],{"class":86},[47,64427,3479],{"class":61},[47,64429,214],{"class":65},[47,64431,3479],{"class":61},[47,64433,309],{"class":86},[47,64435,3474],{"class":61},[47,64437,8097],{"class":65},[47,64439,3479],{"class":61},[47,64441,9408],{"class":86},[47,64443,1067],{"class":86},[47,64445,3479],{"class":61},[47,64447,20070],{"class":65},[47,64449,3479],{"class":61},[47,64451,309],{"class":86},[47,64453,3474],{"class":61},[47,64455,22422],{"class":65},[47,64457,3479],{"class":61},[47,64459,9423],{"class":86},[20,64461,64462],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[149,64464,64466],{"id":64465},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64468,144,64469,10776],{},[15,64470,24958],{},[162,64472,64473,64481,64490],{},[165,64474,64475,64476,32,64478],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64477,52823],{},[15,64479,64480],{},"sort()",[165,64482,64483,64484,32,64486,64489],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64485,36373],{},[15,64487,64488],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[165,64491,64492],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64494,46213,64495,3062],{},[15,64496,64488],{},[38,64498,64500],{"className":40,"code":64499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64501,64502,64526,64542,64546,64569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64505,5175],{"class":53},[47,64507,58],{"class":57},[47,64509,3803],{"class":86},[47,64511,102],{"class":61},[47,64513,13058],{"class":65},[47,64515,102],{"class":61},[47,64517,309],{"class":86},[47,64519,62],{"class":61},[47,64521,36117],{"class":65},[47,64523,102],{"class":61},[47,64525,3816],{"class":86},[47,64527,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64529,5244],{"class":53},[47,64531,58],{"class":57},[47,64533,3803],{"class":86},[47,64535,13681],{"class":445},[47,64537,309],{"class":86},[47,64539,13686],{"class":445},[47,64541,3816],{"class":86},[47,64543,64544],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,64545,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,64549,9390],{"class":53},[47,64551,58],{"class":57},[47,64553,22737],{"class":1570},[47,64555,87],{"class":86},[47,64557,64558],{"class":82},"zip",[47,64560,87],{"class":86},[47,64562,5219],{"class":90},[47,64564,309],{"class":86},[47,64566,5291],{"class":90},[47,64568,1879],{"class":86},[47,64570,64571,64573,64575,64577],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,64572,83],{"class":82},[47,64574,87],{"class":86},[47,64576,9436],{"class":90},[47,64578,286],{"class":86},[20,64580,814],{},[38,64582,64584],{"className":40,"code":64583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64585,64586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64587,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64589,21917],{"class":86},[47,64591,3479],{"class":61},[47,64593,13058],{"class":65},[47,64595,3479],{"class":61},[47,64597,309],{"class":86},[47,64599,20077],{"class":445},[47,64601,9408],{"class":86},[47,64603,1067],{"class":86},[47,64605,3479],{"class":61},[47,64607,36117],{"class":65},[47,64609,3479],{"class":61},[47,64611,309],{"class":86},[47,64613,13686],{"class":445},[47,64615,9423],{"class":86},[20,64617,64618,64619,64621,64622,94],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64620,52823],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[455,64623,53219],{"href":53218},[149,64625,4700],{"id":4699},[20,64627,56945,64628,94],{},[15,64629,24958],{},[469,64631,64633],{"id":64632},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64635,4707],{},[38,64637,64639],{"className":40,"code":64638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64640,64641,64645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64642,64643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64644,4717],{"class":113},[47,64646,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64648,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64650,87],{"class":86},[47,64652,1598],{"class":445},[47,64654,309],{"class":86},[47,64656,1769],{"class":445},[47,64658,309],{"class":86},[47,64660,2630],{"class":445},[47,64662,286],{"class":86},[20,64664,64665,64667],{},[15,64666,24958],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64669,18873],{},[38,64671,64673],{"className":40,"code":64672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64674,64675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64676,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64678,83],{"class":82},[47,64680,87],{"class":86},[47,64682,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64684,675],{"class":86},[47,64686,1598],{"class":445},[47,64688,309],{"class":86},[47,64690,1769],{"class":445},[47,64692,309],{"class":86},[47,64694,2630],{"class":445},[47,64696,1958],{"class":86},[469,64698,64700,64701],{"id":64699},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64702,64703],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64705,64706],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,64708,64710],{"className":40,"code":64709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64711,64712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64713,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64715,83],{"class":82},[47,64717,87],{"class":86},[47,64719,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64721,87],{"class":86},[47,64723,102],{"class":61},[47,64725,386],{"class":65},[47,64727,102],{"class":61},[47,64729,1879],{"class":86},[20,64731,814],{},[38,64733,64735],{"className":40,"code":64734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64736,64737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64738,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64740,4080],{"class":86},[47,64742,3479],{"class":61},[47,64744,60608],{"class":65},[47,64746,3479],{"class":61},[47,64748,309],{"class":86},[47,64750,3474],{"class":61},[47,64752,60617],{"class":65},[47,64754,3479],{"class":61},[47,64756,309],{"class":86},[47,64758,3474],{"class":61},[47,64760,60626],{"class":65},[47,64762,3479],{"class":61},[47,64764,309],{"class":86},[47,64766,3474],{"class":61},[47,64768,60626],{"class":65},[47,64770,3479],{"class":61},[47,64772,309],{"class":86},[47,64774,3474],{"class":61},[47,64776,60643],{"class":65},[47,64778,3479],{"class":61},[47,64780,3816],{"class":86},[20,64782,64783],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64785,64786],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,64788,64790],{"className":40,"code":64789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64791,64792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64793,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64795,83],{"class":82},[47,64797,3163],{"class":86},[47,64799,102],{"class":61},[47,64801,386],{"class":65},[47,64803,102],{"class":61},[47,64805,4068],{"class":86},[469,64807,64809],{"id":64808},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64811,64812],{},"This:",[38,64814,64816],{"className":40,"code":64815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64817,64818,64850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64819,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64821,9340],{"class":53},[47,64823,58],{"class":57},[47,64825,10665],{"class":86},[47,64827,102],{"class":61},[47,64829,455],{"class":65},[47,64831,102],{"class":61},[47,64833,3062],{"class":86},[47,64835,5677],{"class":445},[47,64837,309],{"class":86},[47,64839,62],{"class":61},[47,64841,2014],{"class":65},[47,64843,102],{"class":61},[47,64845,3062],{"class":86},[47,64847,1769],{"class":445},[47,64849,9483],{"class":86},[47,64851,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64853,83],{"class":82},[47,64855,87],{"class":86},[47,64857,8269],{"class":1570},[47,64859,87],{"class":86},[47,64861,9379],{"class":90},[47,64863,1879],{"class":86},[20,64865,64866],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64868,144,64869,64872],{},[15,64870,64871],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[469,64874,64876],{"id":64875},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64878,64879,64881],{},[15,64880,24958],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64883,64884],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[149,64886,1962],{"id":1961},[469,64888,2032,64890,64892],{"id":64889},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64891],{}," and list()?",[20,64894,64895,64896,64898,64899,64901],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64897,3967],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64900,24958],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[469,64903,64905],{"id":64904},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64907,64908,64909,64911],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64910,24958],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[469,64913,64915],{"id":64914},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64917,64918],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[469,64920,64922],{"id":64921},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64924,64925],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[469,64927,64929],{"id":64928},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64931,64932,64933,64935],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64934,24958],{}," cannot loop through it.",[149,64937,2062],{"id":2061},[162,64939,64940,64944,64949,64953,64957,64961,64965,64970],{},[165,64941,64942],{},[455,64943,52941],{"href":51150},[165,64945,64946],{},[455,64947,64948],{"href":36370},"Python range() function explained",[165,64950,64951],{},[455,64952,63386],{"href":63385},[165,64954,64955],{},[455,64956,63718],{"href":63717},[165,64958,64959],{},[455,64960,5395],{"href":5765},[165,64962,64963],{},[455,64964,13970],{"href":13969},[165,64966,64967],{},[455,64968,64969],{"href":52770},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[165,64971,64972],{},[455,64973,54447],{"href":53218},[2093,64975,64976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":64978},[64979,64980,64981,64982,64983,64990,64991,64992,64997,64998,65005,65013],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":63088,"depth":72,"text":63089},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":59790,"depth":72,"text":59791},{"id":63316,"depth":72,"text":63317,"children":64984},[64985,64986,64987,64988,64989],{"id":63320,"depth":79,"text":63321},{"id":63389,"depth":79,"text":63390},{"id":63467,"depth":79,"text":63468},{"id":63542,"depth":79,"text":63543},{"id":63609,"depth":79,"text":63610},{"id":63721,"depth":72,"text":63722},{"id":63857,"depth":72,"text":63858},{"id":64157,"depth":72,"text":64158,"children":64993},[64994,64995,64996],{"id":64166,"depth":79,"text":64167},{"id":64256,"depth":79,"text":64257},{"id":64350,"depth":79,"text":64351},{"id":64465,"depth":72,"text":64466},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":64999},[65000,65001,65003,65004],{"id":64632,"depth":79,"text":64633},{"id":64699,"depth":79,"text":65002},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64808,"depth":79,"text":64809},{"id":64875,"depth":79,"text":64876},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":65006},[65007,65009,65010,65011,65012],{"id":64889,"depth":79,"text":65008},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64904,"depth":79,"text":64905},{"id":64914,"depth":79,"text":64915},{"id":64921,"depth":79,"text":64922},{"id":64928,"depth":79,"text":64929},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62922,"description":65014},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65021,"title":65022,"body":65023,"description":66373,"extension":2138,"meta":66374,"navigation":75,"path":66375,"seo":66376,"stem":66377,"__hash__":66378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65024,"toc":66347},[65025,65030,65036,65045,65047,65120,65129,65134,65138,65154,65158,65160,65162,65181,65184,65211,65214,65239,65247,65249,65254,65261,65263,65320,65322,65330,65336,65340,65343,65416,65418,65426,65429,65452,65459,65465,65469,65475,65546,65548,65556,65565,65572,65579,65587,65731,65733,65750,65753,65792,65795,65799,65804,65806,65865,65871,65874,65981,65983,65998,66001,66008,66010,66014,66162,66165,66226,66229,66232,66253,66258,66262,66273,66276,66278,66283,66286,66294,66299,66305,66308,66314,66322,66324,66344],[10,65026,54511,65028,18],{"id":65027},"python-list-index-method",[15,65029,59138],{},[20,65031,65032,65035],{},[15,65033,65034],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65037,65038,65039,65042,65043,94],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3922,65040,65041],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65044,40879],{},[149,65046,3788],{"id":3787},[38,65048,65050],{"className":40,"code":65049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65051,65052,65084,65107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65053,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65055,7955],{"class":53},[47,65057,58],{"class":57},[47,65059,3803],{"class":86},[47,65061,102],{"class":61},[47,65063,4260],{"class":65},[47,65065,102],{"class":61},[47,65067,309],{"class":86},[47,65069,62],{"class":61},[47,65071,491],{"class":65},[47,65073,102],{"class":61},[47,65075,309],{"class":86},[47,65077,62],{"class":61},[47,65079,4277],{"class":65},[47,65081,102],{"class":61},[47,65083,3816],{"class":86},[47,65085,65086,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65087,65088],{"class":53},"position ",[47,65090,58],{"class":57},[47,65092,6145],{"class":53},[47,65094,94],{"class":86},[47,65096,36022],{"class":90},[47,65098,87],{"class":86},[47,65100,102],{"class":61},[47,65102,491],{"class":65},[47,65104,102],{"class":61},[47,65106,286],{"class":86},[47,65108,65109,65111,65113,65116,65118],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65110,83],{"class":82},[47,65112,87],{"class":86},[47,65114,65115],{"class":90},"position",[47,65117,1696],{"class":86},[47,65119,27957],{"class":113},[20,65121,144,65122,65125,65126,65128],{},[15,65123,65124],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65127,40879],{}," if the item is not found.",[149,65130,152,65132,155],{"id":65131},"what-listindex-does",[15,65133,65034],{},[20,65135,65136,3062],{},[15,65137,65034],{},[162,65139,65140,65143,65146,65151],{},[165,65141,65142],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[165,65144,65145],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[165,65147,65148,65149],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65150,1721],{},[165,65152,65153],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65155,54736,65156,94],{},[455,65157,52941],{"href":54739},[149,65159,261],{"id":260},[20,65161,30902],{},[38,65163,65165],{"className":40,"code":65164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65166,65167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65168,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65170,8515],{"class":53},[47,65172,94],{"class":86},[47,65174,36022],{"class":90},[47,65176,87],{"class":86},[47,65178,1587],{"class":90},[47,65180,286],{"class":86},[20,65182,65183],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,65185,65187],{"className":40,"code":65186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65188,65189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65190,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65192,8515],{"class":53},[47,65194,94],{"class":86},[47,65196,36022],{"class":90},[47,65198,87],{"class":86},[47,65200,1587],{"class":90},[47,65202,309],{"class":86},[47,65204,312],{"class":90},[47,65206,309],{"class":86},[47,65208,335],{"class":90},[47,65210,286],{"class":86},[20,65212,65213],{},"Here is what each part means:",[162,65215,65216,65221,65226,65231],{},[165,65217,65218,65220],{},[15,65219,1587],{},": the item to search for",[165,65222,65223,65225],{},[15,65224,522],{},": where the search begins",[165,65227,65228,65230],{},[15,65229,575],{},": where the search stops",[165,65232,65233,4964,65235,65238],{},[15,65234,575],{},[3922,65236,65237],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65240,65241,65242,65244,65245,94],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65243,522],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65246,575],{},[149,65248,38195],{"id":38194},[20,65250,65251,65253],{},[15,65252,65034],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65255,65256,65257,65260],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3922,65258,65259],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65262,183],{},[38,65264,65266],{"className":40,"code":65265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65267,65268,65288,65306,65310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65269,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65271,3798],{"class":53},[47,65273,58],{"class":57},[47,65275,3803],{"class":86},[47,65277,2509],{"class":445},[47,65279,309],{"class":86},[47,65281,7966],{"class":445},[47,65283,309],{"class":86},[47,65285,7971],{"class":445},[47,65287,3816],{"class":86},[47,65289,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65291,2407],{"class":53},[47,65293,58],{"class":57},[47,65295,4444],{"class":53},[47,65297,94],{"class":86},[47,65299,36022],{"class":90},[47,65301,87],{"class":86},[47,65303,15934],{"class":445},[47,65305,286],{"class":86},[47,65307,65308],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65309,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,65311,65312,65314,65316,65318],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,65313,83],{"class":82},[47,65315,87],{"class":86},[47,65317,2442],{"class":90},[47,65319,286],{"class":86},[20,65321,814],{},[38,65323,65324],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65325,65326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65327,65328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65329,47090],{"class":445},[20,65331,65332,65333,65335],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65334,59138],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[149,65337,65339],{"id":65338},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65341,65342],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,65344,65346],{"className":40,"code":65345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65347,65348,65380,65402,65406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65349,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65351,36414],{"class":53},[47,65353,58],{"class":57},[47,65355,3803],{"class":86},[47,65357,102],{"class":61},[47,65359,4260],{"class":65},[47,65361,102],{"class":61},[47,65363,309],{"class":86},[47,65365,62],{"class":61},[47,65367,491],{"class":65},[47,65369,102],{"class":61},[47,65371,309],{"class":86},[47,65373,62],{"class":61},[47,65375,4277],{"class":65},[47,65377,102],{"class":61},[47,65379,3816],{"class":86},[47,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65383,65088],{"class":53},[47,65385,58],{"class":57},[47,65387,53021],{"class":53},[47,65389,94],{"class":86},[47,65391,36022],{"class":90},[47,65393,87],{"class":86},[47,65395,102],{"class":61},[47,65397,4277],{"class":65},[47,65399,102],{"class":61},[47,65401,286],{"class":86},[47,65403,65404],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65405,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,65407,65408,65410,65412,65414],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,65409,83],{"class":82},[47,65411,87],{"class":86},[47,65413,65115],{"class":90},[47,65415,286],{"class":86},[20,65417,814],{},[38,65419,65420],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65421,65422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65423,65424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65425,17235],{"class":445},[20,65427,65428],{},"In this list:",[162,65430,65431,65438,65445],{},[165,65432,65433,65435,65436],{},[15,65434,58003],{}," is at index ",[15,65437,1721],{},[165,65439,65440,65435,65443],{},[15,65441,65442],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65444,1598],{},[165,65446,65447,65435,65450],{},[15,65448,65449],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65451,2233],{},[20,65453,53823,65454,2576,65457,94],{},[15,65455,65456],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65458,2233],{},[20,65460,51713,65461,94],{},[455,65462,65464],{"href":65463},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[149,65466,65468],{"id":65467},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65470,65471,65472,65474],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65473,59138],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,65476,65478],{"className":40,"code":65477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65479,65480,65520,65524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65481,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65483,13254],{"class":53},[47,65485,58],{"class":57},[47,65487,3803],{"class":86},[47,65489,102],{"class":61},[47,65491,13271],{"class":65},[47,65493,102],{"class":61},[47,65495,309],{"class":86},[47,65497,62],{"class":61},[47,65499,13288],{"class":65},[47,65501,102],{"class":61},[47,65503,309],{"class":86},[47,65505,62],{"class":61},[47,65507,13271],{"class":65},[47,65509,102],{"class":61},[47,65511,309],{"class":86},[47,65513,62],{"class":61},[47,65515,17633],{"class":65},[47,65517,102],{"class":61},[47,65519,3816],{"class":86},[47,65521,65522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65523,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,65525,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65527,83],{"class":82},[47,65529,87],{"class":86},[47,65531,17680],{"class":90},[47,65533,94],{"class":86},[47,65535,36022],{"class":90},[47,65537,87],{"class":86},[47,65539,102],{"class":61},[47,65541,13271],{"class":65},[47,65543,102],{"class":61},[47,65545,1879],{"class":86},[20,65547,814],{},[38,65549,65550],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65551,65552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65553,65554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65555,47425],{"class":445},[20,65557,21156,65558,65561,65562,65564],{},[15,65559,65560],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65563,1721],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65566,65567,65568,94],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[455,65569,55689,65570,1168],{"href":59197},[15,65571,57460],{},[149,65573,831,65575,837,65577],{"id":65574},"using-start-and-end",[15,65576,522],{},[15,65578,575],{},[20,65580,65581,65582,837,65584,65586],{},"The optional ",[15,65583,522],{},[15,65585,575],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,65588,65590],{"className":40,"code":65589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65591,65592,65640,65644,65669,65698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65595,36265],{"class":53},[47,65597,58],{"class":57},[47,65599,3803],{"class":86},[47,65601,102],{"class":61},[47,65603,455],{"class":65},[47,65605,102],{"class":61},[47,65607,309],{"class":86},[47,65609,62],{"class":61},[47,65611,2014],{"class":65},[47,65613,102],{"class":61},[47,65615,309],{"class":86},[47,65617,62],{"class":61},[47,65619,9913],{"class":65},[47,65621,102],{"class":61},[47,65623,309],{"class":86},[47,65625,62],{"class":61},[47,65627,2014],{"class":65},[47,65629,102],{"class":61},[47,65631,309],{"class":86},[47,65633,62],{"class":61},[47,65635,18946],{"class":65},[47,65637,102],{"class":61},[47,65639,3816],{"class":86},[47,65641,65642],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65643,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65647,83],{"class":82},[47,65649,87],{"class":86},[47,65651,36318],{"class":90},[47,65653,94],{"class":86},[47,65655,36022],{"class":90},[47,65657,87],{"class":86},[47,65659,102],{"class":61},[47,65661,2014],{"class":65},[47,65663,102],{"class":61},[47,65665,110],{"class":86},[47,65667,65668],{"class":113},"        # first match\n",[47,65670,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,65672,83],{"class":82},[47,65674,87],{"class":86},[47,65676,36318],{"class":90},[47,65678,94],{"class":86},[47,65680,36022],{"class":90},[47,65682,87],{"class":86},[47,65684,102],{"class":61},[47,65686,2014],{"class":65},[47,65688,102],{"class":61},[47,65690,309],{"class":86},[47,65692,1769],{"class":445},[47,65694,110],{"class":86},[47,65696,65697],{"class":113},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65699,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,65701,83],{"class":82},[47,65703,87],{"class":86},[47,65705,36318],{"class":90},[47,65707,94],{"class":86},[47,65709,36022],{"class":90},[47,65711,87],{"class":86},[47,65713,102],{"class":61},[47,65715,2014],{"class":65},[47,65717,102],{"class":61},[47,65719,309],{"class":86},[47,65721,5677],{"class":445},[47,65723,309],{"class":86},[47,65725,912],{"class":445},[47,65727,110],{"class":86},[47,65729,65730],{"class":113},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65732,814],{},[38,65734,65736],{"className":40,"code":65735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65737,65738,65742,65746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65739,65740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65741,47090],{"class":445},[47,65743,65744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65745,46790],{"class":445},[47,65747,65748],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65749,47090],{"class":445},[20,65751,65752],{},"How this works:",[162,65754,65755,65767,65780],{},[165,65756,65757,65760,65761,65764,65765],{},[15,65758,65759],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65762,65763],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65766,1598],{},[165,65768,65769,65772,65773,65775,65776,65764,65778],{},[15,65770,65771],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65774,2233],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65777,65763],{},[15,65779,2239],{},[165,65781,65782,65785,65786,2366,65788,17251,65790],{},[15,65783,65784],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65787,1598],{},[15,65789,2233],{},[15,65791,2239],{},[20,65793,65794],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[149,65796,65798],{"id":65797},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65800,65801,65802,94],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65803,40879],{},[20,65805,183],{},[38,65807,65809],{"className":40,"code":65808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65810,65811,65843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65812,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65814,7955],{"class":53},[47,65816,58],{"class":57},[47,65818,3803],{"class":86},[47,65820,102],{"class":61},[47,65822,4260],{"class":65},[47,65824,102],{"class":61},[47,65826,309],{"class":86},[47,65828,62],{"class":61},[47,65830,491],{"class":65},[47,65832,102],{"class":61},[47,65834,309],{"class":86},[47,65836,62],{"class":61},[47,65838,4277],{"class":65},[47,65840,102],{"class":61},[47,65842,3816],{"class":86},[47,65844,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65846,83],{"class":82},[47,65848,87],{"class":86},[47,65850,7986],{"class":90},[47,65852,94],{"class":86},[47,65854,36022],{"class":90},[47,65856,87],{"class":86},[47,65858,102],{"class":61},[47,65860,33396],{"class":65},[47,65862,102],{"class":61},[47,65864,1879],{"class":86},[20,65866,39828,65867,65870],{},[15,65868,65869],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65872,65873],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,65875,65877],{"className":40,"code":65876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65878,65879,65911,65924,65928,65941,65960,65966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65880,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65882,7955],{"class":53},[47,65884,58],{"class":57},[47,65886,3803],{"class":86},[47,65888,102],{"class":61},[47,65890,4260],{"class":65},[47,65892,102],{"class":61},[47,65894,309],{"class":86},[47,65896,62],{"class":61},[47,65898,491],{"class":65},[47,65900,102],{"class":61},[47,65902,309],{"class":86},[47,65904,62],{"class":61},[47,65906,4277],{"class":65},[47,65908,102],{"class":61},[47,65910,3816],{"class":86},[47,65912,65913,65916,65918,65920,65922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65914,65915],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,65917,58],{"class":57},[47,65919,62],{"class":61},[47,65921,33396],{"class":65},[47,65923,69],{"class":61},[47,65925,65926],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,65927,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,65929,65930,65932,65935,65937,65939],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,65931,723],{"class":752},[47,65933,65934],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,65936,1613],{"class":57},[47,65938,6145],{"class":53},[47,65940,795],{"class":86},[47,65942,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951,65953,65955,65958],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,65944,776],{"class":82},[47,65946,87],{"class":86},[47,65948,7986],{"class":90},[47,65950,94],{"class":86},[47,65952,36022],{"class":90},[47,65954,87],{"class":86},[47,65956,65957],{"class":90},"search_value",[47,65959,1879],{"class":86},[47,65961,65962,65964],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,65963,792],{"class":752},[47,65965,795],{"class":86},[47,65967,65968,65970,65972,65974,65977,65979],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,65969,776],{"class":82},[47,65971,87],{"class":86},[47,65973,102],{"class":61},[47,65975,65976],{"class":65},"Item not found",[47,65978,102],{"class":61},[47,65980,286],{"class":86},[20,65982,814],{},[38,65984,65986],{"className":40,"code":65985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,65987,65988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65989,65990,65993,65995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65991,65992],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,65994,4813],{"class":57},[47,65996,65997],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,65999,66000],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66002,66003,66004,94],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[455,66005,66007],{"href":66006},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[149,66009,4700],{"id":4699},[20,66011,21388,66012,3062],{},[15,66013,65034],{},[162,66015,66016,66034,66046,66106],{},[165,66017,25952,66018,2576,66020,66023,66024,66026,66027,5341,66029,66031,66032,94],{},[15,66019,59138],{},[15,66021,66022],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10020,66025],{},"\nPython does ",[3922,66028,4813],{},[15,66030,66022],{},". It raises ",[15,66033,40879],{},[165,66035,66036,66037,66039,66042,66043,66045],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10020,66038],{},[15,66040,66041],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66044,65442],{},", not the value itself.",[165,66047,831,66048,11267,66051,66053,66055,66056,1795,66058,66081,1783,66083],{},[15,66049,66050],{},"index[]",[15,66052,59138],{},[10020,66054],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10020,66057],{},[38,66059,66061],{"className":40,"code":66060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66062,66063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66064,66065,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66066,7986],{"class":53},[47,66068,94],{"class":86},[47,66070,36022],{"class":90},[47,66072,87],{"class":86},[47,66074,102],{"class":61},[47,66076,491],{"class":65},[47,66078,102],{"class":61},[47,66080,286],{"class":86},[10020,66082],{},[38,66084,66086],{"className":40,"code":66085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66087,66088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66089,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66091,7986],{"class":53},[47,66093,94],{"class":86},[47,66095,36022],{"class":24927},[47,66097,4080],{"class":86},[47,66099,102],{"class":61},[47,66101,491],{"class":65},[47,66103,102],{"class":61},[47,66105,3816],{"class":86},[165,66107,66108,66109,66111,837,66114,66116,66117],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10020,66110],{},[15,66112,66113],{},"\"3\"",[15,66115,2239],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,66118,66120],{"className":40,"code":66119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66121,66122,66142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66125,3798],{"class":53},[47,66127,58],{"class":57},[47,66129,3803],{"class":86},[47,66131,1598],{"class":445},[47,66133,309],{"class":86},[47,66135,1769],{"class":445},[47,66137,309],{"class":86},[47,66139,2630],{"class":445},[47,66141,3816],{"class":86},[47,66143,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66145,83],{"class":82},[47,66147,87],{"class":86},[47,66149,102],{"class":61},[47,66151,2239],{"class":65},[47,66153,102],{"class":61},[47,66155,1690],{"class":752},[47,66157,4444],{"class":90},[47,66159,1696],{"class":86},[47,66161,986],{"class":113},[20,66163,66164],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,66166,66168],{"className":40,"code":66167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66169,66170,66180,66194,66208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66171,66172,66174,66176,66178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66173,83],{"class":82},[47,66175,87],{"class":86},[47,66177,8515],{"class":90},[47,66179,286],{"class":86},[47,66181,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66183,83],{"class":82},[47,66185,87],{"class":86},[47,66187,1872],{"class":1570},[47,66189,87],{"class":86},[47,66191,65957],{"class":90},[47,66193,1879],{"class":86},[47,66195,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66197,83],{"class":82},[47,66199,87],{"class":86},[47,66201,65915],{"class":90},[47,66203,1613],{"class":752},[47,66205,8571],{"class":90},[47,66207,286],{"class":86},[47,66209,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,66211,83],{"class":82},[47,66213,87],{"class":86},[47,66215,8515],{"class":90},[47,66217,94],{"class":86},[47,66219,36022],{"class":90},[47,66221,87],{"class":86},[47,66223,65957],{"class":90},[47,66225,1879],{"class":86},[20,66227,66228],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66230,66231],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[162,66233,66234,66237,66244,66250],{},[165,66235,66236],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[165,66238,66239,66240,11267,66242],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66241,66113],{},[15,66243,2239],{},[165,66245,66246,66247,66249],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66248,59138],{}," returns only the first one",[165,66251,66252],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[149,66254,1321,66256],{"id":66255},"when-to-use-index",[15,66257,59138],{},[20,66259,144,66260,10776],{},[15,66261,59138],{},[162,66263,66264,66267,66270],{},[165,66265,66266],{},"You need the position of a known value",[165,66268,66269],{},"You are working with a small list",[165,66271,66272],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66274,66275],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[149,66277,1962],{"id":1961},[469,66279,5323,66281,5326],{"id":66280},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66282,65034],{},[20,66284,66285],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[469,66287,1966,66289,5341,66291,66293],{"id":66288},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66290,65034],{},[15,66292,66022],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66295,66296,66297,6808],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66298,40879],{},[469,66300,1980,66302,66304],{"id":66301},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66303,65034],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66306,66307],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[469,66309,66311,66312,2037],{"id":66310},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66313,59138],{},[20,66315,66316,66317,837,66319,66321],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66318,522],{},[15,66320,575],{}," arguments.",[149,66323,2062],{"id":2061},[162,66325,66326,66330,66334,66338],{},[165,66327,66328],{},[455,66329,59126],{"href":65463},[165,66331,66332],{},[455,66333,52941],{"href":54739},[165,66335,66336],{},[455,66337,66007],{"href":66006},[165,66339,66340],{},[455,66341,55689,66342,1168],{"href":59197},[15,66343,57460],{},[2093,66345,66346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":66348},[66349,66350,66352,66353,66354,66355,66356,66358,66359,66360,66362,66372],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":65131,"depth":72,"text":66351},"What list.index() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195},{"id":65338,"depth":72,"text":65339},{"id":65467,"depth":72,"text":65468},{"id":65574,"depth":72,"text":66357},"Using start and end",{"id":65797,"depth":72,"text":65798},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700},{"id":66255,"depth":72,"text":66361},"When to use index()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":66363},[66364,66366,66368,66370],{"id":66280,"depth":79,"text":66365},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66288,"depth":79,"text":66367},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66301,"depth":79,"text":66369},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66310,"depth":79,"text":66371},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65022,"description":66373},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66380,"title":66381,"body":66382,"description":68324,"extension":2138,"meta":68325,"navigation":75,"path":68326,"seo":68327,"stem":68328,"__hash__":68329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66383,"toc":68284},[66384,66389,66394,66397,66406,66463,66469,66474,66478,66492,66498,66500,66523,66540,66542,66603,66605,66637,66650,66652,66655,66755,66757,66835,66841,66845,66853,66857,66863,66918,66920,66944,66948,66951,67004,67006,67030,67034,67037,67090,67092,67116,67120,67126,67197,67199,67240,67246,67253,67256,67261,67269,67274,67282,67284,67381,67383,67452,67459,67464,67466,67470,67475,67477,67548,67550,67579,67585,67587,67614,67617,67640,67644,67647,67669,67672,67695,67697,67757,67759,67791,67797,67802,67855,67857,67882,67885,67934,67936,67957,67961,67966,67969,68024,68026,68053,68060,68064,68069,68140,68143,68157,68162,68167,68169,68183,68195,68200,68202,68207,68212,68216,68219,68225,68231,68238,68246,68248,68281],[10,66385,54511,66387,18],{"id":66386},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66388,54437],{},[20,66390,66391,66393],{},[15,66392,54081],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66395,66396],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66398,144,66399,66401,66402,94],{},[15,66400,54437],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[455,66403,55689,66404,1168],{"href":56938},[15,66405,52823],{},[38,66407,66409],{"className":40,"code":66408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66410,66411,66431,66449,66459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66412,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66414,3798],{"class":53},[47,66416,58],{"class":57},[47,66418,3803],{"class":86},[47,66420,1598],{"class":445},[47,66422,309],{"class":86},[47,66424,1769],{"class":445},[47,66426,309],{"class":86},[47,66428,912],{"class":445},[47,66430,3816],{"class":86},[47,66432,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66434,3830],{"class":53},[47,66436,94],{"class":86},[47,66438,54121],{"class":90},[47,66440,87],{"class":86},[47,66442,2233],{"class":445},[47,66444,309],{"class":86},[47,66446,2630],{"class":445},[47,66448,286],{"class":86},[47,66450,66451,66453,66455,66457],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66452,83],{"class":82},[47,66454,87],{"class":86},[47,66456,3830],{"class":90},[47,66458,286],{"class":86},[47,66460,66461],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,66462,52893],{"class":113},[20,66464,144,66465,66468],{},[15,66466,66467],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[149,66470,152,66472,155],{"id":66471},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66473,54081],{},[20,66475,66476,3062],{},[15,66477,54081],{},[162,66479,66480,66483,66486,66488],{},[165,66481,66482],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[165,66484,66485],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[165,66487,54597],{},[165,66489,11599,66490],{},[15,66491,3958],{},[20,66493,66494,66495,66497],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66496,54437],{}," does not create a new list.",[149,66499,5610],{"id":5609},[38,66501,66503],{"className":40,"code":66502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66504,66505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66508,8515],{"class":53},[47,66510,94],{"class":86},[47,66512,54121],{"class":90},[47,66514,87],{"class":86},[47,66516,36022],{"class":90},[47,66518,309],{"class":86},[47,66520,29684],{"class":90},[47,66522,286],{"class":86},[162,66524,66525,66530,66535],{},[165,66526,66527,66529],{},[15,66528,36022],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[165,66531,66532,66534],{},[15,66533,23487],{}," is the value to add",[165,66536,66537,66538],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66539,1721],{},[20,66541,183],{},[38,66543,66545],{"className":40,"code":66544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66546,66547,66571,66593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66548,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66550,36265],{"class":53},[47,66552,58],{"class":57},[47,66554,3803],{"class":86},[47,66556,102],{"class":61},[47,66558,455],{"class":65},[47,66560,102],{"class":61},[47,66562,309],{"class":86},[47,66564,62],{"class":61},[47,66566,9913],{"class":65},[47,66568,102],{"class":61},[47,66570,3816],{"class":86},[47,66572,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66574,36318],{"class":53},[47,66576,94],{"class":86},[47,66578,54121],{"class":90},[47,66580,87],{"class":86},[47,66582,1598],{"class":445},[47,66584,309],{"class":86},[47,66586,62],{"class":61},[47,66588,2014],{"class":65},[47,66590,102],{"class":61},[47,66592,286],{"class":86},[47,66594,66595,66597,66599,66601],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66596,83],{"class":82},[47,66598,87],{"class":86},[47,66600,36318],{"class":90},[47,66602,286],{"class":86},[20,66604,814],{},[38,66606,66607],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66608,66609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66610,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66612,4080],{"class":86},[47,66614,3479],{"class":61},[47,66616,455],{"class":65},[47,66618,3479],{"class":61},[47,66620,309],{"class":86},[47,66622,3474],{"class":61},[47,66624,2014],{"class":65},[47,66626,3479],{"class":61},[47,66628,309],{"class":86},[47,66630,3474],{"class":61},[47,66632,9913],{"class":65},[47,66634,3479],{"class":61},[47,66636,3816],{"class":86},[20,66638,340,66639,66641,66642,66644,66645,837,66647,94],{},[15,66640,65763],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66643,1598],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66646,18274],{},[15,66648,66649],{},"\"c\"",[149,66651,5966],{"id":5965},[20,66653,66654],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,66656,66658],{"className":40,"code":66657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66659,66660,66692,66710,66714,66736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66661,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66663,13254],{"class":53},[47,66665,58],{"class":57},[47,66667,3803],{"class":86},[47,66669,102],{"class":61},[47,66671,13271],{"class":65},[47,66673,102],{"class":61},[47,66675,309],{"class":86},[47,66677,62],{"class":61},[47,66679,13288],{"class":65},[47,66681,102],{"class":61},[47,66683,309],{"class":86},[47,66685,62],{"class":61},[47,66687,17633],{"class":65},[47,66689,102],{"class":61},[47,66691,3816],{"class":86},[47,66693,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66695,83],{"class":82},[47,66697,87],{"class":86},[47,66699,102],{"class":61},[47,66701,11740],{"class":65},[47,66703,102],{"class":61},[47,66705,309],{"class":86},[47,66707,13302],{"class":90},[47,66709,286],{"class":86},[47,66711,66712],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66713,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,66715,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,66717,17680],{"class":53},[47,66719,94],{"class":86},[47,66721,54121],{"class":90},[47,66723,87],{"class":86},[47,66725,1598],{"class":445},[47,66727,309],{"class":86},[47,66729,62],{"class":61},[47,66731,22701],{"class":65},[47,66733,102],{"class":61},[47,66735,286],{"class":86},[47,66737,66738,66740,66742,66744,66747,66749,66751,66753],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,66739,83],{"class":82},[47,66741,87],{"class":86},[47,66743,102],{"class":61},[47,66745,66746],{"class":65},"After: ",[47,66748,102],{"class":61},[47,66750,309],{"class":86},[47,66752,13302],{"class":90},[47,66754,286],{"class":86},[20,66756,814],{},[38,66758,66760],{"className":40,"code":66759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66761,66762,66794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66763,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66765,11800],{"class":53},[47,66767,3062],{"class":86},[47,66769,3803],{"class":86},[47,66771,3479],{"class":61},[47,66773,13271],{"class":65},[47,66775,3479],{"class":61},[47,66777,309],{"class":86},[47,66779,3474],{"class":61},[47,66781,13288],{"class":65},[47,66783,3479],{"class":61},[47,66785,309],{"class":86},[47,66787,3474],{"class":61},[47,66789,17633],{"class":65},[47,66791,3479],{"class":61},[47,66793,3816],{"class":86},[47,66795,66796,66798,66800,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66797,11853],{"class":53},[47,66799,3062],{"class":86},[47,66801,66802],{"class":86},"  [",[47,66804,3479],{"class":61},[47,66806,13271],{"class":65},[47,66808,3479],{"class":61},[47,66810,309],{"class":86},[47,66812,3474],{"class":61},[47,66814,22701],{"class":65},[47,66816,3479],{"class":61},[47,66818,309],{"class":86},[47,66820,3474],{"class":61},[47,66822,13288],{"class":65},[47,66824,3479],{"class":61},[47,66826,309],{"class":86},[47,66828,3474],{"class":61},[47,66830,17633],{"class":65},[47,66832,3479],{"class":61},[47,66834,3816],{"class":86},[20,66836,66837,66838,66840],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66839,1598],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[149,66842,66844],{"id":66843},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66846,842,66847,35505,66849,66852],{},[15,66848,36022],{},[15,66850,66851],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[469,66854,66856],{"id":66855},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66858,66859,66860,66862],{},"Use index ",[15,66861,1721],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,66864,66866],{"className":40,"code":66865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66867,66868,66889,66908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66869,66870,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66871,66872],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66874,58],{"class":57},[47,66876,3803],{"class":86},[47,66878,2233],{"class":445},[47,66880,309],{"class":86},[47,66882,2630],{"class":445},[47,66884,309],{"class":86},[47,66886,912],{"class":445},[47,66888,3816],{"class":86},[47,66890,66891,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66892,66893],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66895,94],{"class":86},[47,66897,54121],{"class":90},[47,66899,87],{"class":86},[47,66901,1721],{"class":445},[47,66903,309],{"class":86},[47,66905,5677],{"class":445},[47,66907,286],{"class":86},[47,66909,66910,66912,66914,66916],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66911,83],{"class":82},[47,66913,87],{"class":86},[47,66915,66893],{"class":90},[47,66917,286],{"class":86},[20,66919,814],{},[38,66921,66922],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66923,66924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66925,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66927,4080],{"class":86},[47,66929,1598],{"class":445},[47,66931,309],{"class":86},[47,66933,1769],{"class":445},[47,66935,309],{"class":86},[47,66937,2630],{"class":445},[47,66939,309],{"class":86},[47,66941,912],{"class":445},[47,66943,3816],{"class":86},[469,66945,66947],{"id":66946},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66949,66950],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,66952,66954],{"className":40,"code":66953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66955,66956,66976,66994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66957,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66959,66872],{"class":53},[47,66961,58],{"class":57},[47,66963,3803],{"class":86},[47,66965,1598],{"class":445},[47,66967,309],{"class":86},[47,66969,1769],{"class":445},[47,66971,309],{"class":86},[47,66973,912],{"class":445},[47,66975,3816],{"class":86},[47,66977,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66979,66893],{"class":53},[47,66981,94],{"class":86},[47,66983,54121],{"class":90},[47,66985,87],{"class":86},[47,66987,2233],{"class":445},[47,66989,309],{"class":86},[47,66991,2630],{"class":445},[47,66993,286],{"class":86},[47,66995,66996,66998,67000,67002],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,66997,83],{"class":82},[47,66999,87],{"class":86},[47,67001,66893],{"class":90},[47,67003,286],{"class":86},[20,67005,814],{},[38,67007,67008],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67009,67010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67011,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67013,4080],{"class":86},[47,67015,1598],{"class":445},[47,67017,309],{"class":86},[47,67019,1769],{"class":445},[47,67021,309],{"class":86},[47,67023,2630],{"class":445},[47,67025,309],{"class":86},[47,67027,912],{"class":445},[47,67029,3816],{"class":86},[469,67031,67033],{"id":67032},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67035,67036],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,67038,67040],{"className":40,"code":67039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67041,67042,67062,67080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67043,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67045,66872],{"class":53},[47,67047,58],{"class":57},[47,67049,3803],{"class":86},[47,67051,1598],{"class":445},[47,67053,309],{"class":86},[47,67055,1769],{"class":445},[47,67057,309],{"class":86},[47,67059,2630],{"class":445},[47,67061,3816],{"class":86},[47,67063,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67065,66893],{"class":53},[47,67067,94],{"class":86},[47,67069,54121],{"class":90},[47,67071,87],{"class":86},[47,67073,2509],{"class":445},[47,67075,309],{"class":86},[47,67077,912],{"class":445},[47,67079,286],{"class":86},[47,67081,67082,67084,67086,67088],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67083,83],{"class":82},[47,67085,87],{"class":86},[47,67087,66893],{"class":90},[47,67089,286],{"class":86},[20,67091,814],{},[38,67093,67094],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67095,67096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67099,4080],{"class":86},[47,67101,1598],{"class":445},[47,67103,309],{"class":86},[47,67105,1769],{"class":445},[47,67107,309],{"class":86},[47,67109,2630],{"class":445},[47,67111,309],{"class":86},[47,67113,912],{"class":445},[47,67115,3816],{"class":86},[469,67117,67119],{"id":67118},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67121,67122,67123,67125],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67124,54437],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,67127,67129],{"className":40,"code":67128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67130,67131,67163,67187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67132,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67134,36265],{"class":53},[47,67136,58],{"class":57},[47,67138,3803],{"class":86},[47,67140,102],{"class":61},[47,67142,455],{"class":65},[47,67144,102],{"class":61},[47,67146,309],{"class":86},[47,67148,62],{"class":61},[47,67150,2014],{"class":65},[47,67152,102],{"class":61},[47,67154,309],{"class":86},[47,67156,62],{"class":61},[47,67158,18946],{"class":65},[47,67160,102],{"class":61},[47,67162,3816],{"class":86},[47,67164,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67166,36318],{"class":53},[47,67168,94],{"class":86},[47,67170,54121],{"class":90},[47,67172,87],{"class":86},[47,67174,2198],{"class":57},[47,67176,1598],{"class":445},[47,67178,309],{"class":86},[47,67180,62],{"class":61},[47,67182,9913],{"class":65},[47,67184,102],{"class":61},[47,67186,286],{"class":86},[47,67188,67189,67191,67193,67195],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67190,83],{"class":82},[47,67192,87],{"class":86},[47,67194,36318],{"class":90},[47,67196,286],{"class":86},[20,67198,814],{},[38,67200,67202],{"className":40,"code":67201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67203,67204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67205,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67207,4080],{"class":86},[47,67209,3479],{"class":61},[47,67211,455],{"class":65},[47,67213,3479],{"class":61},[47,67215,309],{"class":86},[47,67217,3474],{"class":61},[47,67219,2014],{"class":65},[47,67221,3479],{"class":61},[47,67223,309],{"class":86},[47,67225,3474],{"class":61},[47,67227,9913],{"class":65},[47,67229,3479],{"class":61},[47,67231,309],{"class":86},[47,67233,3474],{"class":61},[47,67235,18946],{"class":65},[47,67237,3479],{"class":61},[47,67239,3816],{"class":86},[20,67241,67242,67243,2482],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[455,67244,67245],{"href":51150},"Python lists beginner guide",[149,67247,67249,10760,67251],{"id":67248},"insert-vs-append",[15,67250,54437],{},[15,67252,52823],{},[20,67254,67255],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[469,67257,144,67259,10776],{"id":67258},"use-insert-when",[15,67260,54437],{},[162,67262,67263,67266],{},[165,67264,67265],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[165,67267,67268],{},"The order of the list matters",[469,67270,144,67272,10776],{"id":67271},"use-append-when",[15,67273,52823],{},[162,67275,67276,67279],{},[165,67277,67278],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[165,67280,67281],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67283,183],{},[38,67285,67287],{"className":40,"code":67286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67288,67289,67313,67317,67339,67349,67353,67371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67292,7955],{"class":53},[47,67294,58],{"class":57},[47,67296,3803],{"class":86},[47,67298,102],{"class":61},[47,67300,4260],{"class":65},[47,67302,102],{"class":61},[47,67304,309],{"class":86},[47,67306,62],{"class":61},[47,67308,33396],{"class":65},[47,67310,102],{"class":61},[47,67312,3816],{"class":86},[47,67314,67315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67316,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67320,7986],{"class":53},[47,67322,94],{"class":86},[47,67324,54121],{"class":90},[47,67326,87],{"class":86},[47,67328,1598],{"class":445},[47,67330,309],{"class":86},[47,67332,62],{"class":61},[47,67334,491],{"class":65},[47,67336,102],{"class":61},[47,67338,286],{"class":86},[47,67340,67341,67343,67345,67347],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,67342,83],{"class":82},[47,67344,87],{"class":86},[47,67346,7986],{"class":90},[47,67348,286],{"class":86},[47,67350,67351],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,67352,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,67354,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,67356,7986],{"class":53},[47,67358,94],{"class":86},[47,67360,13732],{"class":90},[47,67362,87],{"class":86},[47,67364,102],{"class":61},[47,67366,22710],{"class":65},[47,67368,102],{"class":61},[47,67370,286],{"class":86},[47,67372,67373,67375,67377,67379],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,67374,83],{"class":82},[47,67376,87],{"class":86},[47,67378,7986],{"class":90},[47,67380,286],{"class":86},[20,67382,814],{},[38,67384,67386],{"className":40,"code":67385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67387,67388,67416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67391,4080],{"class":86},[47,67393,3479],{"class":61},[47,67395,4260],{"class":65},[47,67397,3479],{"class":61},[47,67399,309],{"class":86},[47,67401,3474],{"class":61},[47,67403,491],{"class":65},[47,67405,3479],{"class":61},[47,67407,309],{"class":86},[47,67409,3474],{"class":61},[47,67411,33396],{"class":65},[47,67413,3479],{"class":61},[47,67415,3816],{"class":86},[47,67417,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67419,4080],{"class":86},[47,67421,3479],{"class":61},[47,67423,4260],{"class":65},[47,67425,3479],{"class":61},[47,67427,309],{"class":86},[47,67429,3474],{"class":61},[47,67431,491],{"class":65},[47,67433,3479],{"class":61},[47,67435,309],{"class":86},[47,67437,3474],{"class":61},[47,67439,33396],{"class":65},[47,67441,3479],{"class":61},[47,67443,309],{"class":86},[47,67445,3474],{"class":61},[47,67447,22710],{"class":65},[47,67449,3479],{"class":61},[47,67451,3816],{"class":86},[20,67453,67454,67455,94],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[455,67456,55689,67457,1168],{"href":56938},[15,67458,52823],{},[20,67460,67461,67462,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[455,67463,53219],{"href":53218},[149,67465,4700],{"id":4699},[20,67467,14913,67468,94],{},[15,67469,54437],{},[469,67471,12772,67473],{"id":67472},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67474,54437],{},[20,67476,25868],{},[38,67478,67480],{"className":40,"code":67479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67481,67482,67502,67524,67528,67538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67483,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67485,3798],{"class":53},[47,67487,58],{"class":57},[47,67489,3803],{"class":86},[47,67491,1598],{"class":445},[47,67493,309],{"class":86},[47,67495,1769],{"class":445},[47,67497,309],{"class":86},[47,67499,2630],{"class":445},[47,67501,3816],{"class":86},[47,67503,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67505,2407],{"class":53},[47,67507,58],{"class":57},[47,67509,4444],{"class":53},[47,67511,94],{"class":86},[47,67513,54121],{"class":90},[47,67515,87],{"class":86},[47,67517,1598],{"class":445},[47,67519,309],{"class":86},[47,67521,10371],{"class":445},[47,67523,286],{"class":86},[47,67525,67526],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67527,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,67529,67530,67532,67534,67536],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,67531,83],{"class":82},[47,67533,87],{"class":86},[47,67535,2442],{"class":90},[47,67537,286],{"class":86},[47,67539,67540,67542,67544,67546],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,67541,83],{"class":82},[47,67543,87],{"class":86},[47,67545,3830],{"class":90},[47,67547,286],{"class":86},[20,67549,814],{},[38,67551,67553],{"className":40,"code":67552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67554,67555,67559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67556,67557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67558,11985],{"class":4032},[47,67560,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571,67573,67575,67577],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67562,4080],{"class":86},[47,67564,1598],{"class":445},[47,67566,309],{"class":86},[47,67568,10371],{"class":445},[47,67570,309],{"class":86},[47,67572,1769],{"class":445},[47,67574,309],{"class":86},[47,67576,2630],{"class":445},[47,67578,3816],{"class":86},[20,67580,67581,54322,67583,94],{},[15,67582,54437],{},[15,67584,3958],{},[20,67586,1783],{},[38,67588,67590],{"className":40,"code":67589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67591,67592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67595,56059],{"class":53},[47,67597,58],{"class":57},[47,67599,4444],{"class":53},[47,67601,94],{"class":86},[47,67603,54121],{"class":90},[47,67605,87],{"class":86},[47,67607,1598],{"class":445},[47,67609,309],{"class":86},[47,67611,10371],{"class":445},[47,67613,286],{"class":86},[20,67615,67616],{},"Right:",[38,67618,67620],{"className":40,"code":67619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67621,67622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67623,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67625,3830],{"class":53},[47,67627,94],{"class":86},[47,67629,54121],{"class":90},[47,67631,87],{"class":86},[47,67633,1598],{"class":445},[47,67635,309],{"class":86},[47,67637,10371],{"class":445},[47,67639,286],{"class":86},[469,67641,67643],{"id":67642},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67645,67646],{},"The correct order is:",[38,67648,67649],{"className":40,"code":66502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67650,67651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67652,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67654,8515],{"class":53},[47,67656,94],{"class":86},[47,67658,54121],{"class":90},[47,67660,87],{"class":86},[47,67662,36022],{"class":90},[47,67664,309],{"class":86},[47,67666,29684],{"class":90},[47,67668,286],{"class":86},[20,67670,67671],{},"Not:",[38,67673,67675],{"className":40,"code":67674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67676,67677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67678,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67680,8515],{"class":53},[47,67682,94],{"class":86},[47,67684,54121],{"class":90},[47,67686,87],{"class":86},[47,67688,23487],{"class":90},[47,67690,309],{"class":86},[47,67692,35997],{"class":90},[47,67694,286],{"class":86},[20,67696,183],{},[38,67698,67699],{"className":40,"code":66544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67700,67701,67725,67747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67704,36265],{"class":53},[47,67706,58],{"class":57},[47,67708,3803],{"class":86},[47,67710,102],{"class":61},[47,67712,455],{"class":65},[47,67714,102],{"class":61},[47,67716,309],{"class":86},[47,67718,62],{"class":61},[47,67720,9913],{"class":65},[47,67722,102],{"class":61},[47,67724,3816],{"class":86},[47,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67728,36318],{"class":53},[47,67730,94],{"class":86},[47,67732,54121],{"class":90},[47,67734,87],{"class":86},[47,67736,1598],{"class":445},[47,67738,309],{"class":86},[47,67740,62],{"class":61},[47,67742,2014],{"class":65},[47,67744,102],{"class":61},[47,67746,286],{"class":86},[47,67748,67749,67751,67753,67755],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67750,83],{"class":82},[47,67752,87],{"class":86},[47,67754,36318],{"class":90},[47,67756,286],{"class":86},[20,67758,814],{},[38,67760,67761],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67762,67763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67764,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67766,4080],{"class":86},[47,67768,3479],{"class":61},[47,67770,455],{"class":65},[47,67772,3479],{"class":61},[47,67774,309],{"class":86},[47,67776,3474],{"class":61},[47,67778,2014],{"class":65},[47,67780,3479],{"class":61},[47,67782,309],{"class":86},[47,67784,3474],{"class":61},[47,67786,9913],{"class":65},[47,67788,3479],{"class":61},[47,67790,3816],{"class":86},[469,67792,8628,67794,67796],{"id":67793},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67795,54437],{}," to replace an item",[20,67798,67799,67801],{},[15,67800,54437],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,67803,67805],{"className":40,"code":67804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67806,67807,67827,67845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67808,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67810,3798],{"class":53},[47,67812,58],{"class":57},[47,67814,3803],{"class":86},[47,67816,1598],{"class":445},[47,67818,309],{"class":86},[47,67820,1769],{"class":445},[47,67822,309],{"class":86},[47,67824,2630],{"class":445},[47,67826,3816],{"class":86},[47,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67830,3830],{"class":53},[47,67832,94],{"class":86},[47,67834,54121],{"class":90},[47,67836,87],{"class":86},[47,67838,1598],{"class":445},[47,67840,309],{"class":86},[47,67842,10371],{"class":445},[47,67844,286],{"class":86},[47,67846,67847,67849,67851,67853],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67848,83],{"class":82},[47,67850,87],{"class":86},[47,67852,3830],{"class":90},[47,67854,286],{"class":86},[20,67856,814],{},[38,67858,67860],{"className":40,"code":67859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67861,67862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67863,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67865,4080],{"class":86},[47,67867,1598],{"class":445},[47,67869,309],{"class":86},[47,67871,10371],{"class":445},[47,67873,309],{"class":86},[47,67875,1769],{"class":445},[47,67877,309],{"class":86},[47,67879,2630],{"class":445},[47,67881,3816],{"class":86},[20,67883,67884],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,67886,67888],{"className":40,"code":67887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67889,67890,67910,67924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67891,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67893,3798],{"class":53},[47,67895,58],{"class":57},[47,67897,3803],{"class":86},[47,67899,1598],{"class":445},[47,67901,309],{"class":86},[47,67903,1769],{"class":445},[47,67905,309],{"class":86},[47,67907,2630],{"class":445},[47,67909,3816],{"class":86},[47,67911,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67913,3830],{"class":53},[47,67915,4080],{"class":86},[47,67917,1598],{"class":445},[47,67919,13452],{"class":86},[47,67921,13455],{"class":57},[47,67923,14310],{"class":445},[47,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,67927,83],{"class":82},[47,67929,87],{"class":86},[47,67931,3830],{"class":90},[47,67933,286],{"class":86},[20,67935,814],{},[38,67937,67939],{"className":40,"code":67938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67940,67941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67942,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67944,4080],{"class":86},[47,67946,1598],{"class":445},[47,67948,309],{"class":86},[47,67950,10371],{"class":445},[47,67952,309],{"class":86},[47,67954,2630],{"class":445},[47,67956,3816],{"class":86},[469,67958,67960],{"id":67959},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67962,67963,67965],{},[15,67964,54437],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67967,67968],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,67970,67972],{"className":40,"code":67971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67973,67974,67990,68014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67975,67976,67978,67980,67982,67984,67986,67988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67977,3798],{"class":53},[47,67979,58],{"class":57},[47,67981,3803],{"class":86},[47,67983,1598],{"class":445},[47,67985,309],{"class":86},[47,67987,912],{"class":445},[47,67989,3816],{"class":86},[47,67991,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67993,3830],{"class":53},[47,67995,94],{"class":86},[47,67997,54121],{"class":90},[47,67999,87],{"class":86},[47,68001,1598],{"class":445},[47,68003,309],{"class":86},[47,68005,3803],{"class":86},[47,68007,2233],{"class":445},[47,68009,309],{"class":86},[47,68011,2630],{"class":445},[47,68013,4068],{"class":86},[47,68015,68016,68018,68020,68022],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,68017,83],{"class":82},[47,68019,87],{"class":86},[47,68021,3830],{"class":90},[47,68023,286],{"class":86},[20,68025,814],{},[38,68027,68029],{"className":40,"code":68028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68030,68031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68032,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68034,4080],{"class":86},[47,68036,1598],{"class":445},[47,68038,309],{"class":86},[47,68040,3803],{"class":86},[47,68042,2233],{"class":445},[47,68044,309],{"class":86},[47,68046,2630],{"class":445},[47,68048,18240],{"class":86},[47,68050,912],{"class":445},[47,68052,3816],{"class":86},[20,68054,68055,68056,94],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[455,68057,55689,68058,1168],{"href":53514},[15,68059,53616],{},[469,68061,68063],{"id":68062},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68065,9049,68066,68068],{},[15,68067,54437],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,68070,68072],{"className":40,"code":68071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68073,68074,68084,68098,68116,68130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68075,68076,68078,68080,68082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68077,83],{"class":82},[47,68079,87],{"class":86},[47,68081,8515],{"class":90},[47,68083,286],{"class":86},[47,68085,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68087,83],{"class":82},[47,68089,87],{"class":86},[47,68091,11337],{"class":82},[47,68093,87],{"class":86},[47,68095,8515],{"class":90},[47,68097,1879],{"class":86},[47,68099,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,68101,83],{"class":82},[47,68103,87],{"class":86},[47,68105,8515],{"class":90},[47,68107,94],{"class":86},[47,68109,54121],{"class":24927},[47,68111,94],{"class":86},[47,68113,34622],{"class":34629},[47,68115,286],{"class":86},[47,68117,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,68119,32327],{"class":82},[47,68121,87],{"class":86},[47,68123,8269],{"class":1570},[47,68125,94],{"class":86},[47,68127,54121],{"class":24927},[47,68129,286],{"class":86},[47,68131,68132,68134,68136,68138],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,68133,1872],{"class":1570},[47,68135,87],{"class":86},[47,68137,8515],{"class":90},[47,68139,286],{"class":86},[20,68141,68142],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[162,68144,68145,68148,68151,68154],{},[165,68146,68147],{},"What is currently in the list",[165,68149,68150],{},"How long the list is",[165,68152,68153],{},"That you are working with a real list",[165,68155,68156],{},"How Python describes the method",[149,68158,1321,68160],{"id":68159},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68161,54437],{},[20,68163,144,68164,68166],{},[15,68165,54437],{}," when position matters.",[20,68168,36601],{},[162,68170,68171,68174,68177,68180],{},[165,68172,68173],{},"Ordered menus",[165,68175,68176],{},"Rankings or score lists",[165,68178,68179],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[165,68181,68182],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68184,68185,68186,68188,68189,68191,68192,68194],{},"You usually do ",[3922,68187,4813],{}," need ",[15,68190,54437],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68193,52823],{}," is simpler.",[20,68196,68197,68198,94],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[455,68199,57324],{"href":57323},[149,68201,1962],{"id":1961},[469,68203,1966,68205,55638],{"id":68204},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68206,54081],{},[20,68208,68209,68210,94],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68211,3958],{},[469,68213,68215],{"id":68214},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68217,68218],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[469,68220,1980,68222,68224],{"id":68221},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68223,54081],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68226,68227,68228,68230],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68229,53616],{}," or slicing.",[469,68232,2032,68234,837,68236,2037],{"id":68233},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68235,54437],{},[15,68237,52823],{},[20,68239,68240,68242,68243,68245],{},[15,68241,54437],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68244,52823],{}," adds only at the end.",[149,68247,2062],{"id":2061},[162,68249,68250,68256,68262,68266,68270,68274],{},[165,68251,68252],{},[455,68253,55689,68254,1168],{"href":56938},[15,68255,52823],{},[165,68257,68258],{},[455,68259,55689,68260,1168],{"href":53514},[15,68261,53616],{},[165,68263,68264],{},[455,68265,54447],{"href":53218},[165,68267,68268],{},[455,68269,52941],{"href":51150},[165,68271,68272],{},[455,68273,57398],{"href":57323},[165,68275,68276],{},[455,68277,30524,68278,33809],{"href":54465},[15,68279,68280],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2093,68282,68283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":68285},[68286,68288,68289,68290,68296,68303,68312,68314,68323],{"id":66471,"depth":72,"text":68287},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610},{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":66843,"depth":72,"text":66844,"children":68291},[68292,68293,68294,68295],{"id":66855,"depth":79,"text":66856},{"id":66946,"depth":79,"text":66947},{"id":67032,"depth":79,"text":67033},{"id":67118,"depth":79,"text":67119},{"id":67248,"depth":72,"text":68297,"children":68298},"insert() vs append()",[68299,68301],{"id":67258,"depth":79,"text":68300},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67271,"depth":79,"text":68302},"Use append() when:",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":68304},[68305,68307,68308,68310,68311],{"id":67472,"depth":79,"text":68306},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67642,"depth":79,"text":67643},{"id":67793,"depth":79,"text":68309},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67959,"depth":79,"text":67960},{"id":68062,"depth":79,"text":68063},{"id":68159,"depth":72,"text":68313},"When to use insert()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":68315},[68316,68318,68319,68321],{"id":68204,"depth":79,"text":68317},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68214,"depth":79,"text":68215},{"id":68221,"depth":79,"text":68320},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68233,"depth":79,"text":68322},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66381,"description":68324},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68331,"title":68332,"body":68333,"description":69887,"extension":2138,"meta":69888,"navigation":75,"path":59143,"seo":69889,"stem":69890,"__hash__":69891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68334,"toc":69860},[68335,68341,68350,68399,68401,68409,68415,68417,68435,68441,68446,68449,68452,68467,68469,68521,68523,68531,68539,68546,68548,68554,68619,68621,68629,68631,68650,68653,68704,68708,68713,68740,68742,68750,68753,68822,68824,68839,68845,68849,68858,68861,68916,68918,68926,68929,68931,68976,68978,68986,68992,68994,69002,69005,69007,69046,69048,69087,69092,69094,69096,69131,69134,69136,69174,69178,69184,69186,69237,69239,69247,69254,69257,69278,69281,69336,69347,69349,69410,69412,69421,69428,69434,69437,69440,69497,69500,69513,69520,69526,69532,69534,69547,69550,69647,69649,69666,69669,69750,69752,69774,69781,69787,69789,69793,69799,69805,69810,69814,69817,69823,69830,69832,69857],[10,68336,68338,68339,1696],{"id":68337},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68340,11337],{},[20,68342,68343,68344,68346,68347,68349],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68345,42536],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68348,42536],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,68351,68353],{"className":40,"code":68352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68354,68355,68375,68389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68356,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68358,3798],{"class":53},[47,68360,58],{"class":57},[47,68362,3803],{"class":86},[47,68364,2509],{"class":445},[47,68366,309],{"class":86},[47,68368,7966],{"class":445},[47,68370,309],{"class":86},[47,68372,7971],{"class":445},[47,68374,3816],{"class":86},[47,68376,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68378,41416],{"class":53},[47,68380,58],{"class":57},[47,68382,38561],{"class":82},[47,68384,87],{"class":86},[47,68386,3830],{"class":90},[47,68388,286],{"class":86},[47,68390,68391,68393,68395,68397],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,68392,83],{"class":82},[47,68394,87],{"class":86},[47,68396,41434],{"class":90},[47,68398,286],{"class":86},[20,68400,814],{},[38,68402,68403],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68404,68405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68406,68407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68408,46790],{"class":445},[20,68410,144,68411,68414],{},[15,68412,68413],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[149,68416,15342],{"id":15341},[162,68418,68419,68424,68429,68432],{},[165,68420,4379,68421,68423],{},[15,68422,42536],{}," works with Python lists",[165,68425,68426,68427,11882],{},"What value ",[15,68428,42536],{},[165,68430,68431],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[165,68433,68434],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[149,68436,152,68438,68440],{"id":68437},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68439,42536],{}," returns for a list",[20,68442,68443,65253],{},[15,68444,68445],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68447,68448],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68450,68451],{},"A few important points:",[162,68453,68454,68457,68462],{},[165,68455,68456],{},"It counts list items",[165,68458,41080,68459,68461],{},[3922,68460,4813],{}," count characters inside a string item",[165,68463,68464,68465],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68466,1721],{},[20,68468,183],{},[38,68470,68472],{"className":40,"code":68471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68473,68474,68507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68475,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68477,4251],{"class":53},[47,68479,58],{"class":57},[47,68481,3803],{"class":86},[47,68483,102],{"class":61},[47,68485,37223],{"class":65},[47,68487,102],{"class":61},[47,68489,309],{"class":86},[47,68491,62],{"class":61},[47,68493,68494],{"class":65},"elephant",[47,68496,102],{"class":61},[47,68498,309],{"class":86},[47,68500,62],{"class":61},[47,68502,58297],{"class":65},[47,68504,102],{"class":61},[47,68506,3816],{"class":86},[47,68508,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68510,83],{"class":82},[47,68512,87],{"class":86},[47,68514,11337],{"class":82},[47,68516,87],{"class":86},[47,68518,4294],{"class":90},[47,68520,1879],{"class":86},[20,68522,814],{},[38,68524,68525],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68526,68527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68528,68529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68530,46790],{"class":445},[20,68532,21156,68533,68536,68537,65260],{},[15,68534,68535],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3922,68538,52827],{},[20,68540,68541,68542,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[455,68543,3755,68544,3688],{"href":42533},[15,68545,42536],{},[149,68547,5966],{"id":5965},[20,68549,68550,68551,68553],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68552,42536],{},", and print the result.",[38,68555,68557],{"className":40,"code":68556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68558,68559,68591,68605,68609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68560,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68562,13254],{"class":53},[47,68564,58],{"class":57},[47,68566,3803],{"class":86},[47,68568,102],{"class":61},[47,68570,13271],{"class":65},[47,68572,102],{"class":61},[47,68574,309],{"class":86},[47,68576,62],{"class":61},[47,68578,17633],{"class":65},[47,68580,102],{"class":61},[47,68582,309],{"class":86},[47,68584,62],{"class":61},[47,68586,13288],{"class":65},[47,68588,102],{"class":61},[47,68590,3816],{"class":86},[47,68592,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68594,41416],{"class":53},[47,68596,58],{"class":57},[47,68598,38561],{"class":82},[47,68600,87],{"class":86},[47,68602,17680],{"class":90},[47,68604,286],{"class":86},[47,68606,68607],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,68608,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,68610,68611,68613,68615,68617],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,68612,83],{"class":82},[47,68614,87],{"class":86},[47,68616,41434],{"class":90},[47,68618,286],{"class":86},[20,68620,814],{},[38,68622,68623],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68624,68625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68626,68627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68628,46790],{"class":445},[20,68630,11860],{},[162,68632,68633,68638,68645],{},[165,68634,68635,68637],{},[15,68636,17680],{}," is a list with 3 items",[165,68639,68640,2576,68643],{},[15,68641,68642],{},"len(colors)",[15,68644,2239],{},[165,68646,68647,68648],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68649,41434],{},[20,68651,68652],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,68654,68656],{"className":40,"code":68655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68657,68658,68690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68659,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68661,13254],{"class":53},[47,68663,58],{"class":57},[47,68665,3803],{"class":86},[47,68667,102],{"class":61},[47,68669,13271],{"class":65},[47,68671,102],{"class":61},[47,68673,309],{"class":86},[47,68675,62],{"class":61},[47,68677,17633],{"class":65},[47,68679,102],{"class":61},[47,68681,309],{"class":86},[47,68683,62],{"class":61},[47,68685,13288],{"class":65},[47,68687,102],{"class":61},[47,68689,3816],{"class":86},[47,68691,68692,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68693,83],{"class":82},[47,68695,87],{"class":86},[47,68697,11337],{"class":82},[47,68699,87],{"class":86},[47,68701,17680],{"class":90},[47,68703,1879],{"class":86},[149,68705,68707],{"id":68706},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68709,68710,68711,94],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68712,1721],{},[38,68714,68716],{"className":40,"code":68715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68717,68718,68726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68719,68720,68722,68724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68721,7955],{"class":53},[47,68723,58],{"class":57},[47,68725,8015],{"class":86},[47,68727,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68729,83],{"class":82},[47,68731,87],{"class":86},[47,68733,11337],{"class":82},[47,68735,87],{"class":86},[47,68737,7986],{"class":90},[47,68739,1879],{"class":86},[20,68741,814],{},[38,68743,68744],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68745,68746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68747,68748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68749,47425],{"class":445},[20,68751,68752],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,68754,68756],{"className":40,"code":68755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68757,68758,68766,68770,68788,68802,68808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68759,68760,68762,68764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68761,7955],{"class":53},[47,68763,58],{"class":57},[47,68765,8015],{"class":86},[47,68767,68768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68769,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,68773,723],{"class":752},[47,68775,38561],{"class":82},[47,68777,87],{"class":86},[47,68779,7986],{"class":90},[47,68781,1696],{"class":86},[47,68783,38571],{"class":57},[47,68785,4014],{"class":445},[47,68787,795],{"class":86},[47,68789,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,68791,776],{"class":82},[47,68793,87],{"class":86},[47,68795,7986],{"class":90},[47,68797,4080],{"class":86},[47,68799,1721],{"class":445},[47,68801,4068],{"class":86},[47,68803,68804,68806],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,68805,792],{"class":752},[47,68807,795],{"class":86},[47,68809,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,68811,776],{"class":82},[47,68813,87],{"class":86},[47,68815,102],{"class":61},[47,68817,51986],{"class":65},[47,68819,102],{"class":61},[47,68821,286],{"class":86},[20,68823,814],{},[38,68825,68827],{"className":40,"code":68826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,68828,68829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68830,68831,68833,68835,68837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68832,842],{"class":53},[47,68834,8269],{"class":1570},[47,68836,8272],{"class":57},[47,68838,8278],{"class":53},[20,68840,68841,68842,68844],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[455,68843,52941],{"href":51150}," is a good next step.",[149,68846,68848],{"id":68847},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68850,68851,68853,68854,68857],{},[15,68852,42536],{}," counts only the ",[3922,68855,68856],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68859,68860],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,68862,68864],{"className":40,"code":68863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68865,68866,68902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68867,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68869,9340],{"class":53},[47,68871,58],{"class":57},[47,68873,56463],{"class":86},[47,68875,1598],{"class":445},[47,68877,309],{"class":86},[47,68879,1769],{"class":445},[47,68881,18240],{"class":86},[47,68883,3803],{"class":86},[47,68885,2239],{"class":445},[47,68887,309],{"class":86},[47,68889,912],{"class":445},[47,68891,18240],{"class":86},[47,68893,3803],{"class":86},[47,68895,2313],{"class":445},[47,68897,309],{"class":86},[47,68899,446],{"class":445},[47,68901,53412],{"class":86},[47,68903,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68905,83],{"class":82},[47,68907,87],{"class":86},[47,68909,11337],{"class":82},[47,68911,87],{"class":86},[47,68913,9379],{"class":90},[47,68915,1879],{"class":86},[20,68917,814],{},[38,68919,68920],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68921,68922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68923,68924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68925,46790],{"class":445},[20,68927,68928],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68930,52250],{},[38,68932,68934],{"className":40,"code":68933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68935,68936,68962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68937,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68939,59643],{"class":53},[47,68941,58],{"class":57},[47,68943,3803],{"class":86},[47,68945,1598],{"class":445},[47,68947,309],{"class":86},[47,68949,3803],{"class":86},[47,68951,2233],{"class":445},[47,68953,309],{"class":86},[47,68955,2630],{"class":445},[47,68957,18240],{"class":86},[47,68959,912],{"class":445},[47,68961,3816],{"class":86},[47,68963,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68965,83],{"class":82},[47,68967,87],{"class":86},[47,68969,11337],{"class":82},[47,68971,87],{"class":86},[47,68973,59696],{"class":90},[47,68975,1879],{"class":86},[20,68977,814],{},[38,68979,68980],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68981,68982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68983,68984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68985,46790],{"class":445},[20,68987,21156,68988,68991],{},[15,68989,68990],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[149,68993,4700],{"id":4699},[469,68995,831,68997,11267,69000],{"id":68996},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68998,68999],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69001,68445],{},[20,69003,69004],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69006,1783],{},[38,69008,69010],{"className":40,"code":69009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69011,69012,69032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69013,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69015,3798],{"class":53},[47,69017,58],{"class":57},[47,69019,3803],{"class":86},[47,69021,2509],{"class":445},[47,69023,309],{"class":86},[47,69025,7966],{"class":445},[47,69027,309],{"class":86},[47,69029,7971],{"class":445},[47,69031,3816],{"class":86},[47,69033,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69035,83],{"class":82},[47,69037,87],{"class":86},[47,69039,3830],{"class":90},[47,69041,94],{"class":86},[47,69043,11337],{"class":90},[47,69045,7370],{"class":86},[20,69047,1795],{},[38,69049,69051],{"className":40,"code":69050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69052,69053,69073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69056,3798],{"class":53},[47,69058,58],{"class":57},[47,69060,3803],{"class":86},[47,69062,2509],{"class":445},[47,69064,309],{"class":86},[47,69066,7966],{"class":445},[47,69068,309],{"class":86},[47,69070,7971],{"class":445},[47,69072,3816],{"class":86},[47,69074,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69076,83],{"class":82},[47,69078,87],{"class":86},[47,69080,11337],{"class":82},[47,69082,87],{"class":86},[47,69084,3830],{"class":90},[47,69086,1879],{"class":86},[20,69088,69089,69091],{},[15,69090,42536],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[469,69093,25865],{"id":25864},[20,69095,1783],{},[38,69097,69099],{"className":40,"code":69098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69100,69101,69121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69102,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69104,3798],{"class":53},[47,69106,58],{"class":57},[47,69108,3803],{"class":86},[47,69110,2509],{"class":445},[47,69112,309],{"class":86},[47,69114,7966],{"class":445},[47,69116,309],{"class":86},[47,69118,7971],{"class":445},[47,69120,3816],{"class":86},[47,69122,69123,69125,69127,69129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69124,83],{"class":82},[47,69126,87],{"class":86},[47,69128,11337],{"class":82},[47,69130,286],{"class":86},[20,69132,69133],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69135,1795],{},[38,69137,69138],{"className":40,"code":69050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69139,69140,69160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69141,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69143,3798],{"class":53},[47,69145,58],{"class":57},[47,69147,3803],{"class":86},[47,69149,2509],{"class":445},[47,69151,309],{"class":86},[47,69153,7966],{"class":445},[47,69155,309],{"class":86},[47,69157,7971],{"class":445},[47,69159,3816],{"class":86},[47,69161,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69163,83],{"class":82},[47,69165,87],{"class":86},[47,69167,11337],{"class":82},[47,69169,87],{"class":86},[47,69171,3830],{"class":90},[47,69173,1879],{"class":86},[469,69175,69177],{"id":69176},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69179,69180,69181,69183],{},"The length of a list is ",[3922,69182,4813],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69185,183],{},[38,69187,69189],{"className":40,"code":69188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69190,69191,69223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69192,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69194,36265],{"class":53},[47,69196,58],{"class":57},[47,69198,3803],{"class":86},[47,69200,102],{"class":61},[47,69202,455],{"class":65},[47,69204,102],{"class":61},[47,69206,309],{"class":86},[47,69208,62],{"class":61},[47,69210,2014],{"class":65},[47,69212,102],{"class":61},[47,69214,309],{"class":86},[47,69216,62],{"class":61},[47,69218,9913],{"class":65},[47,69220,102],{"class":61},[47,69222,3816],{"class":86},[47,69224,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69226,83],{"class":82},[47,69228,87],{"class":86},[47,69230,11337],{"class":82},[47,69232,87],{"class":86},[47,69234,36318],{"class":90},[47,69236,1879],{"class":86},[20,69238,814],{},[38,69240,69241],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69242,69243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69244,69245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69246,46790],{"class":445},[20,69248,69249,69250,19142,69252,94],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69251,2233],{},[15,69253,2239],{},[20,69255,69256],{},"Indexes are:",[162,69258,69259,69266,69272],{},[165,69260,69261,69263,69264],{},[15,69262,1721],{}," for ",[15,69265,18274],{},[165,69267,69268,69263,69270],{},[15,69269,1598],{},[15,69271,65763],{},[165,69273,69274,69263,69276],{},[15,69275,2233],{},[15,69277,66649],{},[20,69279,69280],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,69282,69284],{"className":40,"code":69283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69285,69286,69318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69287,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69289,36265],{"class":53},[47,69291,58],{"class":57},[47,69293,3803],{"class":86},[47,69295,102],{"class":61},[47,69297,455],{"class":65},[47,69299,102],{"class":61},[47,69301,309],{"class":86},[47,69303,62],{"class":61},[47,69305,2014],{"class":65},[47,69307,102],{"class":61},[47,69309,309],{"class":86},[47,69311,62],{"class":61},[47,69313,9913],{"class":65},[47,69315,102],{"class":61},[47,69317,3816],{"class":86},[47,69319,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69321,83],{"class":82},[47,69323,87],{"class":86},[47,69325,36318],{"class":90},[47,69327,4080],{"class":86},[47,69329,11337],{"class":82},[47,69331,87],{"class":86},[47,69333,36318],{"class":90},[47,69335,10854],{"class":86},[20,69337,8671,69338,4964,69341,69343,69344,69346],{},[15,69339,69340],{},"len(letters)",[15,69342,2239],{},", and index ",[15,69345,2239],{}," does not exist.",[20,69348,19019],{},[38,69350,69352],{"className":40,"code":69351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69353,69354,69386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69355,69356,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69357,36265],{"class":53},[47,69359,58],{"class":57},[47,69361,3803],{"class":86},[47,69363,102],{"class":61},[47,69365,455],{"class":65},[47,69367,102],{"class":61},[47,69369,309],{"class":86},[47,69371,62],{"class":61},[47,69373,2014],{"class":65},[47,69375,102],{"class":61},[47,69377,309],{"class":86},[47,69379,62],{"class":61},[47,69381,9913],{"class":65},[47,69383,102],{"class":61},[47,69385,3816],{"class":86},[47,69387,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69389,83],{"class":82},[47,69391,87],{"class":86},[47,69393,36318],{"class":90},[47,69395,4080],{"class":86},[47,69397,11337],{"class":82},[47,69399,87],{"class":86},[47,69401,36318],{"class":90},[47,69403,1696],{"class":86},[47,69405,2399],{"class":57},[47,69407,5677],{"class":445},[47,69409,4068],{"class":86},[20,69411,814],{},[38,69413,69415],{"className":40,"code":69414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,69416,69417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69418,69419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69420,69414],{"class":53},[20,69422,69423,69424,94],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[455,69425,69427],{"href":69426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[469,69429,831,69431,69433],{"id":69430},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69432,42536],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69435,69436],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69438,69439],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,69441,69443],{"className":40,"code":69442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69444,69445,69455,69469,69483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69446,69447,69449,69451,69453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69448,83],{"class":82},[47,69450,87],{"class":86},[47,69452,8515],{"class":90},[47,69454,286],{"class":86},[47,69456,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69458,83],{"class":82},[47,69460,87],{"class":86},[47,69462,11337],{"class":82},[47,69464,87],{"class":86},[47,69466,8515],{"class":90},[47,69468,1879],{"class":86},[47,69470,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69472,83],{"class":82},[47,69474,87],{"class":86},[47,69476,1872],{"class":1570},[47,69478,87],{"class":86},[47,69480,8515],{"class":90},[47,69482,1879],{"class":86},[47,69484,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,69486,83],{"class":82},[47,69488,87],{"class":86},[47,69490,8515],{"class":90},[47,69492,4080],{"class":86},[47,69494,1721],{"class":445},[47,69496,4068],{"class":86},[20,69498,69499],{},"These help you verify:",[162,69501,69502,69505,69507,69510],{},[165,69503,69504],{},"what the variable contains",[165,69506,60953],{},[165,69508,69509],{},"whether it is really a list",[165,69511,69512],{},"what the first item is",[20,69514,69515,69516,69519],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69517,69518],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[149,69521,1321,69523,69525],{"id":69522},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69524,42536],{}," with lists",[20,69527,69528,69529,69531],{},"You will often use ",[15,69530,42536],{}," in real programs.",[20,69533,1331],{},[162,69535,69536,69538,69541,69544],{},[165,69537,51940],{},[165,69539,69540],{},"Control loops",[165,69542,69543],{},"Validate input or results",[165,69545,69546],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69548,69549],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,69551,69553],{"className":40,"code":69552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69554,69555,69575,69591,69595,69609,69623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69556,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69558,2732],{"class":53},[47,69560,58],{"class":57},[47,69562,3803],{"class":86},[47,69564,1598],{"class":445},[47,69566,309],{"class":86},[47,69568,1769],{"class":445},[47,69570,309],{"class":86},[47,69572,2630],{"class":445},[47,69574,3816],{"class":86},[47,69576,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69578,2760],{"class":53},[47,69580,58],{"class":57},[47,69582,3803],{"class":86},[47,69584,2509],{"class":445},[47,69586,309],{"class":86},[47,69588,7966],{"class":445},[47,69590,3816],{"class":86},[47,69592,69593],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69594,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,69596,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,69598,83],{"class":82},[47,69600,87],{"class":86},[47,69602,11337],{"class":82},[47,69604,87],{"class":86},[47,69606,455],{"class":90},[47,69608,1879],{"class":86},[47,69610,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,69612,83],{"class":82},[47,69614,87],{"class":86},[47,69616,11337],{"class":82},[47,69618,87],{"class":86},[47,69620,2014],{"class":90},[47,69622,1879],{"class":86},[47,69624,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,69626,83],{"class":82},[47,69628,87],{"class":86},[47,69630,11337],{"class":82},[47,69632,87],{"class":86},[47,69634,455],{"class":90},[47,69636,1696],{"class":86},[47,69638,38571],{"class":57},[47,69640,38561],{"class":82},[47,69642,87],{"class":86},[47,69644,2014],{"class":90},[47,69646,1879],{"class":86},[20,69648,814],{},[38,69650,69652],{"className":40,"code":69651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69653,69654,69658,69662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69655,69656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69657,46790],{"class":445},[47,69659,69660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69661,17235],{"class":445},[47,69663,69664],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69665,4160],{"class":4032},[20,69667,69668],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,69670,69672],{"className":40,"code":69671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69673,69674,69706,69710,69731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69675,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69677,5175],{"class":53},[47,69679,58],{"class":57},[47,69681,3803],{"class":86},[47,69683,102],{"class":61},[47,69685,13058],{"class":65},[47,69687,102],{"class":61},[47,69689,309],{"class":86},[47,69691,62],{"class":61},[47,69693,36117],{"class":65},[47,69695,102],{"class":61},[47,69697,309],{"class":86},[47,69699,62],{"class":61},[47,69701,36126],{"class":65},[47,69703,102],{"class":61},[47,69705,3816],{"class":86},[47,69707,69708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69709,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,69711,69712,69714,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69713,6137],{"class":752},[47,69715,69716],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69718,1613],{"class":752},[47,69720,54240],{"class":82},[47,69722,87],{"class":86},[47,69724,11337],{"class":82},[47,69726,87],{"class":86},[47,69728,5219],{"class":90},[47,69730,1406],{"class":86},[47,69732,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69744,69746,69748],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,69734,776],{"class":82},[47,69736,87],{"class":86},[47,69738,36329],{"class":90},[47,69740,309],{"class":86},[47,69742,69743],{"class":90}," names",[47,69745,4080],{"class":86},[47,69747,36329],{"class":90},[47,69749,4068],{"class":86},[20,69751,814],{},[38,69753,69754],{"className":40,"code":36175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69755,69756,69762,69768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69757,69758,69760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69759,1721],{"class":445},[47,69761,36184],{"class":53},[47,69763,69764,69766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69765,1598],{"class":445},[47,69767,36191],{"class":53},[47,69769,69770,69772],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69771,2233],{"class":445},[47,69773,36198],{"class":53},[20,69775,69776,69777,94],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[455,69778,69780],{"href":69779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69782,69783,69784,69786],{},"You can also read ",[455,69785,51717],{"href":51716}," for a task-focused guide.",[149,69788,1962],{"id":1961},[469,69790,69792],{"id":69791},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69794,144,69795,69798],{},[15,69796,69797],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[469,69800,5323,69802,12893],{"id":69801},"what-does-len-return",[15,69803,69804],{},"len([])",[20,69806,170,69807,69809],{},[15,69808,1721],{}," because the list is empty.",[469,69811,69813],{"id":69812},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69815,69816],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[469,69818,2049,69820,69822],{"id":69819},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69821,68999],{}," in Python?",[20,69824,30447,69825,8398,69827,69829],{},[15,69826,68445],{},[15,69828,42536],{}," is a built-in function.",[149,69831,2062],{"id":2061},[162,69833,69834,69840,69844,69848,69852],{},[165,69835,69836],{},[455,69837,3755,69838,3688],{"href":42533},[15,69839,42536],{},[165,69841,69842],{},[455,69843,52761],{"href":51716},[165,69845,69846],{},[455,69847,52941],{"href":51150},[165,69849,69850],{},[455,69851,69427],{"href":69426},[165,69853,69854],{},[455,69855,69856],{"href":69779},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2093,69858,69859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":69861},[69862,69863,69865,69866,69867,69868,69876,69878,69886],{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":68437,"depth":72,"text":69864},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":68706,"depth":72,"text":68707},{"id":68847,"depth":72,"text":68848},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":69869},[69870,69872,69873,69874],{"id":68996,"depth":79,"text":69871},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25864,"depth":79,"text":25865},{"id":69176,"depth":79,"text":69177},{"id":69430,"depth":79,"text":69875},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69522,"depth":72,"text":69877},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":69879},[69880,69881,69883,69884],{"id":69791,"depth":79,"text":69792},{"id":69801,"depth":79,"text":69882},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69812,"depth":79,"text":69813},{"id":69819,"depth":79,"text":69885},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68332,"description":69887},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69893,"title":69894,"body":69895,"description":71877,"extension":2138,"meta":71878,"navigation":75,"path":71879,"seo":71880,"stem":71881,"__hash__":71882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69896,"toc":71850},[69897,69900,69905,69908,69916,69929,69931,69996,69998,70020,70025,70029,70034,70042,70044,70054,70056,70137,70139,70169,70171,70190,70195,70212,70214,70298,70300,70330,70335,70339,70345,70429,70431,70461,70464,70468,70471,70562,70564,70602,70605,70690,70692,70722,70728,70735,70739,70744,70753,70755,70840,70842,70871,70874,70882,70886,70890,70899,70922,70924,70946,70948,70962,70964,71024,71028,71033,71072,71074,71091,71093,71103,71202,71207,71211,71216,71259,71261,71289,71291,71305,71380,71382,71404,71408,71411,71416,71427,71432,71440,71443,71514,71516,71541,71598,71600,71621,71630,71638,71643,71645,71650,71671,71674,71749,71752,71766,71773,71775,71779,71785,71789,71799,71803,71810,71814,71820,71822,71847],[10,69898,69894],{"id":69899},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69901,69902,69904],{},[15,69903,55251],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69906,69907],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[162,69909,69910,69913],{},[165,69911,69912],{},"delete an item from a list",[165,69914,69915],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69917,69918,69919,69921,69922,834,69924,69928],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69920,12940],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69923,12940],{},[455,69925,69926],{"href":55241},[15,69927,55698],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[149,69930,2179],{"id":2178},[38,69932,69934],{"className":40,"code":69933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69935,69936,69956,69971,69975,69986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69937,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69939,3798],{"class":53},[47,69941,58],{"class":57},[47,69943,3803],{"class":86},[47,69945,2509],{"class":445},[47,69947,309],{"class":86},[47,69949,7966],{"class":445},[47,69951,309],{"class":86},[47,69953,7971],{"class":445},[47,69955,3816],{"class":86},[47,69957,69958,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69959,69960],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,69962,58],{"class":57},[47,69964,4444],{"class":53},[47,69966,94],{"class":86},[47,69968,26419],{"class":90},[47,69970,8817],{"class":86},[47,69972,69973],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,69974,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,69976,69977,69979,69981,69984],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,69978,83],{"class":82},[47,69980,87],{"class":86},[47,69982,69983],{"class":90},"last_item",[47,69985,286],{"class":86},[47,69987,69988,69990,69992,69994],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,69989,83],{"class":82},[47,69991,87],{"class":86},[47,69993,3830],{"class":90},[47,69995,286],{"class":86},[20,69997,814],{},[38,69999,70001],{"className":40,"code":70000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70002,70003,70008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70004,70005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70006,70007],{"class":445},"30\n",[47,70009,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70011,4080],{"class":86},[47,70013,2509],{"class":445},[47,70015,309],{"class":86},[47,70017,7966],{"class":445},[47,70019,3816],{"class":86},[20,70021,144,70022,70024],{},[15,70023,12940],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[149,70026,70028],{"id":70027},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70030,70031,70033],{},[15,70032,12940],{}," has two main jobs:",[162,70035,70036,70039],{},[165,70037,70038],{},"It removes one item from a list",[165,70040,70041],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70043,43824],{},[162,70045,70046,70049,70052],{},[165,70047,70048],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[165,70050,70051],{},"It changes the original list",[165,70053,52915],{},[20,70055,183],{},[38,70057,70059],{"className":40,"code":70058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70060,70061,70093,70097,70112,70116,70127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70064,13254],{"class":53},[47,70066,58],{"class":57},[47,70068,3803],{"class":86},[47,70070,102],{"class":61},[47,70072,13271],{"class":65},[47,70074,102],{"class":61},[47,70076,309],{"class":86},[47,70078,62],{"class":61},[47,70080,17633],{"class":65},[47,70082,102],{"class":61},[47,70084,309],{"class":86},[47,70086,62],{"class":61},[47,70088,13288],{"class":65},[47,70090,102],{"class":61},[47,70092,3816],{"class":86},[47,70094,70095],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70096,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70098,70099,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70100,70101],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,70103,58],{"class":57},[47,70105,13302],{"class":53},[47,70107,94],{"class":86},[47,70109,26419],{"class":90},[47,70111,8817],{"class":86},[47,70113,70114],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70115,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70117,70118,70120,70122,70125],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70119,83],{"class":82},[47,70121,87],{"class":86},[47,70123,70124],{"class":90},"removed",[47,70126,286],{"class":86},[47,70128,70129,70131,70133,70135],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70130,83],{"class":82},[47,70132,87],{"class":86},[47,70134,17680],{"class":90},[47,70136,286],{"class":86},[20,70138,814],{},[38,70140,70142],{"className":40,"code":70141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70143,70144,70149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70145,70146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70147,70148],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,70150,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70152,4080],{"class":86},[47,70154,3479],{"class":61},[47,70156,13271],{"class":65},[47,70158,3479],{"class":61},[47,70160,309],{"class":86},[47,70162,3474],{"class":61},[47,70164,17633],{"class":65},[47,70166,3479],{"class":61},[47,70168,3816],{"class":86},[149,70170,261],{"id":260},[38,70172,70174],{"className":40,"code":70173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70175,70176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70177,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70179,8269],{"class":1570},[47,70181,94],{"class":86},[47,70183,26419],{"class":90},[47,70185,3163],{"class":86},[47,70187,36022],{"class":90},[47,70189,4068],{"class":86},[20,70191,842,70192,70194],{},[15,70193,36022],{}," is optional.",[162,70196,70197,70203,70209],{},[165,70198,70199,70200,70202],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70201,12940],{}," removes the last item",[165,70204,70205,70206,70208],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70207,12940],{}," removes the item at that position",[165,70210,70211],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70213,183],{},[38,70215,70217],{"className":40,"code":70216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70218,70219,70251,70255,70274,70278,70288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70220,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70222,36265],{"class":53},[47,70224,58],{"class":57},[47,70226,3803],{"class":86},[47,70228,102],{"class":61},[47,70230,455],{"class":65},[47,70232,102],{"class":61},[47,70234,309],{"class":86},[47,70236,62],{"class":61},[47,70238,2014],{"class":65},[47,70240,102],{"class":61},[47,70242,309],{"class":86},[47,70244,62],{"class":61},[47,70246,9913],{"class":65},[47,70248,102],{"class":61},[47,70250,3816],{"class":86},[47,70252,70253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70254,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70256,70257,70259,70261,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70258,28715],{"class":53},[47,70260,58],{"class":57},[47,70262,70263],{"class":53}," letters",[47,70265,94],{"class":86},[47,70267,26419],{"class":90},[47,70269,87],{"class":86},[47,70271,1598],{"class":445},[47,70273,286],{"class":86},[47,70275,70276],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70277,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70279,70280,70282,70284,70286],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70281,83],{"class":82},[47,70283,87],{"class":86},[47,70285,23487],{"class":90},[47,70287,286],{"class":86},[47,70289,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70291,83],{"class":82},[47,70293,87],{"class":86},[47,70295,36318],{"class":90},[47,70297,286],{"class":86},[20,70299,814],{},[38,70301,70303],{"className":40,"code":70302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70304,70305,70310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70306,70307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70308,70309],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70311,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70313,4080],{"class":86},[47,70315,3479],{"class":61},[47,70317,455],{"class":65},[47,70319,3479],{"class":61},[47,70321,309],{"class":86},[47,70323,3474],{"class":61},[47,70325,9913],{"class":65},[47,70327,3479],{"class":61},[47,70329,3816],{"class":86},[20,70331,70332,70333,94],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[455,70334,52941],{"href":51150},[149,70336,70338],{"id":70337},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70340,70341,70342,70344],{},"When you call ",[15,70343,12940],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,70346,70348],{"className":40,"code":70347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70349,70350,70385,70389,70404,70408,70419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70351,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360,70363,70365,70367,70369,70372,70374,70376,70378,70381,70383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70353,30074],{"class":53},[47,70355,58],{"class":57},[47,70357,3803],{"class":86},[47,70359,102],{"class":61},[47,70361,70362],{"class":65},"write",[47,70364,102],{"class":61},[47,70366,309],{"class":86},[47,70368,62],{"class":61},[47,70370,70371],{"class":65},"test",[47,70373,102],{"class":61},[47,70375,309],{"class":86},[47,70377,62],{"class":61},[47,70379,70380],{"class":65},"submit",[47,70382,102],{"class":61},[47,70384,3816],{"class":86},[47,70386,70387],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70388,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70390,70391,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70392,70393],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70395,58],{"class":57},[47,70397,30152],{"class":53},[47,70399,94],{"class":86},[47,70401,26419],{"class":90},[47,70403,8817],{"class":86},[47,70405,70406],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70407,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70409,70410,70412,70414,70417],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70411,83],{"class":82},[47,70413,87],{"class":86},[47,70415,70416],{"class":90},"last_task",[47,70418,286],{"class":86},[47,70420,70421,70423,70425,70427],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70422,83],{"class":82},[47,70424,87],{"class":86},[47,70426,36681],{"class":90},[47,70428,286],{"class":86},[20,70430,814],{},[38,70432,70434],{"className":40,"code":70433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70435,70436,70441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70437,70438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70439,70440],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70442,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70444,4080],{"class":86},[47,70446,3479],{"class":61},[47,70448,70362],{"class":65},[47,70450,3479],{"class":61},[47,70452,309],{"class":86},[47,70454,3474],{"class":61},[47,70456,70371],{"class":65},[47,70458,3479],{"class":61},[47,70460,3816],{"class":86},[20,70462,70463],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[149,70465,70467],{"id":70466},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70469,70470],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,70472,70474],{"className":40,"code":70473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70475,70476,70516,70520,70538,70542,70552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70477,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70479,36414],{"class":53},[47,70481,58],{"class":57},[47,70483,3803],{"class":86},[47,70485,102],{"class":61},[47,70487,4260],{"class":65},[47,70489,102],{"class":61},[47,70491,309],{"class":86},[47,70493,62],{"class":61},[47,70495,491],{"class":65},[47,70497,102],{"class":61},[47,70499,309],{"class":86},[47,70501,62],{"class":61},[47,70503,4277],{"class":65},[47,70505,102],{"class":61},[47,70507,309],{"class":86},[47,70509,62],{"class":61},[47,70511,33396],{"class":65},[47,70513,102],{"class":61},[47,70515,3816],{"class":86},[47,70517,70518],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70519,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70521,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70523,70101],{"class":53},[47,70525,58],{"class":57},[47,70527,53021],{"class":53},[47,70529,94],{"class":86},[47,70531,26419],{"class":90},[47,70533,87],{"class":86},[47,70535,1598],{"class":445},[47,70537,286],{"class":86},[47,70539,70540],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70541,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70543,70544,70546,70548,70550],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70545,83],{"class":82},[47,70547,87],{"class":86},[47,70549,70124],{"class":90},[47,70551,286],{"class":86},[47,70553,70554,70556,70558,70560],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70555,83],{"class":82},[47,70557,87],{"class":86},[47,70559,36466],{"class":90},[47,70561,286],{"class":86},[20,70563,814],{},[38,70565,70567],{"className":40,"code":70566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70568,70569,70574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70570,70571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70572,70573],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70575,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70577,4080],{"class":86},[47,70579,3479],{"class":61},[47,70581,4260],{"class":65},[47,70583,3479],{"class":61},[47,70585,309],{"class":86},[47,70587,3474],{"class":61},[47,70589,4277],{"class":65},[47,70591,3479],{"class":61},[47,70593,309],{"class":86},[47,70595,3474],{"class":61},[47,70597,33396],{"class":65},[47,70599,3479],{"class":61},[47,70601,3816],{"class":86},[20,70603,70604],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,70606,70608],{"className":40,"code":70607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70609,70610,70642,70646,70666,70670,70680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70611,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70613,36414],{"class":53},[47,70615,58],{"class":57},[47,70617,3803],{"class":86},[47,70619,102],{"class":61},[47,70621,4260],{"class":65},[47,70623,102],{"class":61},[47,70625,309],{"class":86},[47,70627,62],{"class":61},[47,70629,491],{"class":65},[47,70631,102],{"class":61},[47,70633,309],{"class":86},[47,70635,62],{"class":61},[47,70637,4277],{"class":65},[47,70639,102],{"class":61},[47,70641,3816],{"class":86},[47,70643,70644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70645,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70647,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70649,70101],{"class":53},[47,70651,58],{"class":57},[47,70653,53021],{"class":53},[47,70655,94],{"class":86},[47,70657,26419],{"class":90},[47,70659,87],{"class":86},[47,70661,2198],{"class":57},[47,70663,1598],{"class":445},[47,70665,286],{"class":86},[47,70667,70668],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70669,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70671,70672,70674,70676,70678],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70673,83],{"class":82},[47,70675,87],{"class":86},[47,70677,70124],{"class":90},[47,70679,286],{"class":86},[47,70681,70682,70684,70686,70688],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70683,83],{"class":82},[47,70685,87],{"class":86},[47,70687,36466],{"class":90},[47,70689,286],{"class":86},[20,70691,814],{},[38,70693,70695],{"className":40,"code":70694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70696,70697,70702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70698,70699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70700,70701],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70703,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70705,4080],{"class":86},[47,70707,3479],{"class":61},[47,70709,4260],{"class":65},[47,70711,3479],{"class":61},[47,70713,309],{"class":86},[47,70715,3474],{"class":61},[47,70717,491],{"class":65},[47,70719,3479],{"class":61},[47,70721,3816],{"class":86},[20,70723,70724,70725,70727],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70726,66022],{}," means the last item.",[20,70729,70730,70731,94],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[455,70732,70733,1168],{"href":59135},[15,70734,65034],{},[149,70736,70738],{"id":70737},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70740,70741,70743],{},[15,70742,12940],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70745,70746,70747,837,70749,94],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70748,12940],{},[455,70750,70751],{"href":55241},[15,70752,55698],{},[20,70754,183],{},[38,70756,70758],{"className":40,"code":70757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70759,70760,70792,70796,70815,70819,70830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786,70788,70790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70763,5175],{"class":53},[47,70765,58],{"class":57},[47,70767,3803],{"class":86},[47,70769,102],{"class":61},[47,70771,13058],{"class":65},[47,70773,102],{"class":61},[47,70775,309],{"class":86},[47,70777,62],{"class":61},[47,70779,36117],{"class":65},[47,70781,102],{"class":61},[47,70783,309],{"class":86},[47,70785,62],{"class":61},[47,70787,36126],{"class":65},[47,70789,102],{"class":61},[47,70791,3816],{"class":86},[47,70793,70794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70795,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70797,70798,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70799,70800],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70802,58],{"class":57},[47,70804,69743],{"class":53},[47,70806,94],{"class":86},[47,70808,26419],{"class":90},[47,70810,87],{"class":86},[47,70812,1721],{"class":445},[47,70814,286],{"class":86},[47,70816,70817],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70818,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70820,70821,70823,70825,70828],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,70822,83],{"class":82},[47,70824,87],{"class":86},[47,70826,70827],{"class":90},"removed_name",[47,70829,286],{"class":86},[47,70831,70832,70834,70836,70838],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,70833,83],{"class":82},[47,70835,87],{"class":86},[47,70837,5219],{"class":90},[47,70839,286],{"class":86},[20,70841,814],{},[38,70843,70845],{"className":40,"code":70844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70846,70847,70851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70848,70849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70850,50212],{"class":53},[47,70852,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70854,4080],{"class":86},[47,70856,3479],{"class":61},[47,70858,36117],{"class":65},[47,70860,3479],{"class":61},[47,70862,309],{"class":86},[47,70864,3474],{"class":61},[47,70866,36126],{"class":65},[47,70868,3479],{"class":61},[47,70870,3816],{"class":86},[20,70872,70873],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70875,70876,70877,70879,70880,94],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70878,55698],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70881,3958],{},[149,70883,70885],{"id":70884},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[469,70887,70889],{"id":70888},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70891,70892,70893,70895,70896,94],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70894,12940],{}," raises an ",[15,70897,70898],{},"IndexError",[38,70900,70902],{"className":40,"code":70901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70903,70904,70912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70905,70906,70908,70910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70907,7955],{"class":53},[47,70909,58],{"class":57},[47,70911,8015],{"class":86},[47,70913,70914,70916,70918,70920],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70915,7986],{"class":53},[47,70917,94],{"class":86},[47,70919,26419],{"class":90},[47,70921,8817],{"class":86},[20,70923,814],{},[38,70925,70927],{"className":40,"code":70926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70928,70929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70930,70931,70933,70935,70938,70941,70944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70932,70898],{"class":1570},[47,70934,3062],{"class":86},[47,70936,70937],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,70939,70940],{"class":752},"from",[47,70942,70943],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,70945,50058],{"class":1570},[20,70947,1482],{},[162,70949,70950,70955],{},[165,70951,70952,70953],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70954,12940],{},[165,70956,70957,70958,837,70960],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70959,29980],{},[15,70961,30011],{},[20,70963,183],{},[38,70965,70967],{"className":40,"code":70966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70968,70969,70977,70981,70989,71003,71009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70970,70971,70973,70975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70972,7955],{"class":53},[47,70974,58],{"class":57},[47,70976,8015],{"class":86},[47,70978,70979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70980,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,70982,70983,70985,70987],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,70984,723],{"class":752},[47,70986,6145],{"class":53},[47,70988,795],{"class":86},[47,70990,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,70992,776],{"class":82},[47,70994,87],{"class":86},[47,70996,7986],{"class":90},[47,70998,94],{"class":86},[47,71000,26419],{"class":90},[47,71002,7370],{"class":86},[47,71004,71005,71007],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,71006,792],{"class":752},[47,71008,795],{"class":86},[47,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017,71020,71022],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,71012,776],{"class":82},[47,71014,87],{"class":86},[47,71016,102],{"class":61},[47,71018,71019],{"class":65},"The list is empty.",[47,71021,102],{"class":61},[47,71023,286],{"class":86},[469,71025,71027],{"id":71026},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71029,71030,71031,94],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71032,70898],{},[38,71034,71036],{"className":40,"code":71035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71037,71038,71058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71039,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71041,3798],{"class":53},[47,71043,58],{"class":57},[47,71045,3803],{"class":86},[47,71047,2509],{"class":445},[47,71049,309],{"class":86},[47,71051,7966],{"class":445},[47,71053,309],{"class":86},[47,71055,7971],{"class":445},[47,71057,3816],{"class":86},[47,71059,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71061,3830],{"class":53},[47,71063,94],{"class":86},[47,71065,26419],{"class":90},[47,71067,87],{"class":86},[47,71069,2313],{"class":445},[47,71071,286],{"class":86},[20,71073,814],{},[38,71075,71077],{"className":40,"code":71076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71078,71079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71080,71081,71083,71085,71088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71082,70898],{"class":1570},[47,71084,3062],{"class":86},[47,71086,71087],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,71089,71090],{"class":82},"range\n",[20,71092,1482],{},[162,71094,71095,71100],{},[165,71096,71097,71098],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71099,42536],{},[165,71101,71102],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,71104,71106],{"className":40,"code":71105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71107,71108,71128,71137,71141,71163,71181,71187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71109,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71111,3798],{"class":53},[47,71113,58],{"class":57},[47,71115,3803],{"class":86},[47,71117,2509],{"class":445},[47,71119,309],{"class":86},[47,71121,7966],{"class":445},[47,71123,309],{"class":86},[47,71125,7971],{"class":445},[47,71127,3816],{"class":86},[47,71129,71130,71133,71135],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71131,71132],{"class":53},"index ",[47,71134,58],{"class":57},[47,71136,45762],{"class":445},[47,71138,71139],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71140,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,71142,71143,71145,71147,71150,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71144,723],{"class":752},[47,71146,4014],{"class":445},[47,71148,71149],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,71151,71152],{"class":53}," index ",[47,71154,3468],{"class":57},[47,71156,38561],{"class":82},[47,71158,87],{"class":86},[47,71160,3830],{"class":90},[47,71162,771],{"class":86},[47,71164,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,71166,776],{"class":82},[47,71168,87],{"class":86},[47,71170,3830],{"class":90},[47,71172,94],{"class":86},[47,71174,26419],{"class":90},[47,71176,87],{"class":86},[47,71178,36022],{"class":90},[47,71180,1879],{"class":86},[47,71182,71183,71185],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,71184,792],{"class":752},[47,71186,795],{"class":86},[47,71188,71189,71191,71193,71195,71198,71200],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,71190,776],{"class":82},[47,71192,87],{"class":86},[47,71194,102],{"class":61},[47,71196,71197],{"class":65},"Index is out of range.",[47,71199,102],{"class":61},[47,71201,286],{"class":86},[20,71203,71204,71205,94],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[455,71206,69427],{"href":69426},[469,71208,71210],{"id":71209},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71212,71213,71215],{},[15,71214,12940],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,71217,71219],{"className":40,"code":71218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71220,71221,71241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71222,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71224,3798],{"class":53},[47,71226,58],{"class":57},[47,71228,3803],{"class":86},[47,71230,2509],{"class":445},[47,71232,309],{"class":86},[47,71234,7966],{"class":445},[47,71236,309],{"class":86},[47,71238,7971],{"class":445},[47,71240,3816],{"class":86},[47,71242,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253,71255,71257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71244,3830],{"class":53},[47,71246,94],{"class":86},[47,71248,26419],{"class":90},[47,71250,87],{"class":86},[47,71252,102],{"class":61},[47,71254,1598],{"class":65},[47,71256,102],{"class":61},[47,71258,286],{"class":86},[20,71260,814],{},[38,71262,71264],{"className":40,"code":71263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71265,71266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71267,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71283,71286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71269,3182],{"class":1570},[47,71271,3062],{"class":86},[47,71273,3474],{"class":61},[47,71275,3622],{"class":65},[47,71277,3479],{"class":61},[47,71279,24794],{"class":1570},[47,71281,71282],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,71284,71285],{"class":752},"as",[47,71287,71288],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,71290,1482],{},[162,71292,71293,71302],{},[165,71294,71295,71296,2366,71298,2370,71300],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71297,1721],{},[15,71299,1598],{},[15,71301,66022],{},[165,71303,71304],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,71306,71308],{"className":40,"code":71307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71309,71310,71330,71348,71352,71370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71311,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71313,3798],{"class":53},[47,71315,58],{"class":57},[47,71317,3803],{"class":86},[47,71319,2509],{"class":445},[47,71321,309],{"class":86},[47,71323,7966],{"class":445},[47,71325,309],{"class":86},[47,71327,7971],{"class":445},[47,71329,3816],{"class":86},[47,71331,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71333,71132],{"class":53},[47,71335,58],{"class":57},[47,71337,45449],{"class":1570},[47,71339,87],{"class":86},[47,71341,102],{"class":61},[47,71343,1598],{"class":65},[47,71345,102],{"class":61},[47,71347,286],{"class":86},[47,71349,71350],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71351,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,71353,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71355,83],{"class":82},[47,71357,87],{"class":86},[47,71359,3830],{"class":90},[47,71361,94],{"class":86},[47,71363,26419],{"class":90},[47,71365,87],{"class":86},[47,71367,36022],{"class":90},[47,71369,1879],{"class":86},[47,71371,71372,71374,71376,71378],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,71373,83],{"class":82},[47,71375,87],{"class":86},[47,71377,3830],{"class":90},[47,71379,286],{"class":86},[20,71381,814],{},[38,71383,71385],{"className":40,"code":71384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71386,71387,71392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71388,71389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71390,71391],{"class":445},"20\n",[47,71393,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71395,4080],{"class":86},[47,71397,2509],{"class":445},[47,71399,309],{"class":86},[47,71401,7971],{"class":445},[47,71403,3816],{"class":86},[149,71405,71407],{"id":71406},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71409,71410],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[469,71412,144,71414,10776],{"id":71413},"use-pop-when",[15,71415,12940],{},[162,71417,71418,71421,71424],{},[165,71419,71420],{},"you want to remove by index",[165,71422,71423],{},"you want the removed item returned",[165,71425,71426],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[469,71428,144,71430,10776],{"id":71429},"use-remove-when",[15,71431,55698],{},[162,71433,71434,71437],{},[165,71435,71436],{},"you want to remove by value",[165,71438,71439],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71441,71442],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,71444,71446],{"className":40,"code":71445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71447,71448,71472,71476,71494,71504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71449,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71451,3798],{"class":53},[47,71453,58],{"class":57},[47,71455,3803],{"class":86},[47,71457,2509],{"class":445},[47,71459,309],{"class":86},[47,71461,7966],{"class":445},[47,71463,309],{"class":86},[47,71465,7971],{"class":445},[47,71467,309],{"class":86},[47,71469,7966],{"class":445},[47,71471,3816],{"class":86},[47,71473,71474],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71475,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,71477,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490,71492],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71479,70101],{"class":53},[47,71481,58],{"class":57},[47,71483,4444],{"class":53},[47,71485,94],{"class":86},[47,71487,26419],{"class":90},[47,71489,87],{"class":86},[47,71491,1598],{"class":445},[47,71493,286],{"class":86},[47,71495,71496,71498,71500,71502],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71497,83],{"class":82},[47,71499,87],{"class":86},[47,71501,70124],{"class":90},[47,71503,286],{"class":86},[47,71505,71506,71508,71510,71512],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,71507,83],{"class":82},[47,71509,87],{"class":86},[47,71511,3830],{"class":90},[47,71513,286],{"class":86},[20,71515,814],{},[38,71517,71519],{"className":40,"code":71518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71520,71521,71525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71522,71523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71524,71391],{"class":445},[47,71526,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71528,4080],{"class":86},[47,71530,2509],{"class":445},[47,71532,309],{"class":86},[47,71534,7971],{"class":445},[47,71536,309],{"class":86},[47,71538,7966],{"class":445},[47,71540,3816],{"class":86},[38,71542,71544],{"className":40,"code":71543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71545,71546,71570,71574,71588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71547,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71549,3798],{"class":53},[47,71551,58],{"class":57},[47,71553,3803],{"class":86},[47,71555,2509],{"class":445},[47,71557,309],{"class":86},[47,71559,7966],{"class":445},[47,71561,309],{"class":86},[47,71563,7971],{"class":445},[47,71565,309],{"class":86},[47,71567,7966],{"class":445},[47,71569,3816],{"class":86},[47,71571,71572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71573,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,71575,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71577,3830],{"class":53},[47,71579,94],{"class":86},[47,71581,34969],{"class":90},[47,71583,87],{"class":86},[47,71585,15934],{"class":445},[47,71587,286],{"class":86},[47,71589,71590,71592,71594,71596],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71591,83],{"class":82},[47,71593,87],{"class":86},[47,71595,3830],{"class":90},[47,71597,286],{"class":86},[20,71599,814],{},[38,71601,71603],{"className":40,"code":71602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71604,71605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71608,4080],{"class":86},[47,71610,2509],{"class":445},[47,71612,309],{"class":86},[47,71614,7971],{"class":445},[47,71616,309],{"class":86},[47,71618,7966],{"class":445},[47,71620,3816],{"class":86},[20,71622,71623,71624,71627,71628,94],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71625,71626],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71629,1598],{},[20,71631,56774,71632,71635,71636,94],{},[15,71633,71634],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71637,15934],{},[20,71639,71640,71641,94],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[455,71642,55237],{"href":55236},[149,71644,1425],{"id":1424},[20,71646,71647,71648,3062],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71649,12940],{},[162,71651,71652,71655,71658,71664,71668],{},[165,71653,71654],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[165,71656,71657],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[165,71659,1608,71660,834,71662],{},[15,71661,12940],{},[15,71663,55698],{},[165,71665,8628,71666,62140],{},[15,71667,12940],{},[165,71669,71670],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71672,71673],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,71675,71677],{"className":40,"code":71676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71678,71679,71689,71703,71717,71735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71680,71681,71683,71685,71687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71682,83],{"class":82},[47,71684,87],{"class":86},[47,71686,8515],{"class":90},[47,71688,286],{"class":86},[47,71690,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71692,83],{"class":82},[47,71694,87],{"class":86},[47,71696,11337],{"class":82},[47,71698,87],{"class":86},[47,71700,8515],{"class":90},[47,71702,1879],{"class":86},[47,71704,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71706,83],{"class":82},[47,71708,87],{"class":86},[47,71710,8515],{"class":90},[47,71712,94],{"class":86},[47,71714,26419],{"class":90},[47,71716,7370],{"class":86},[47,71718,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71720,83],{"class":82},[47,71722,87],{"class":86},[47,71724,8515],{"class":90},[47,71726,94],{"class":86},[47,71728,26419],{"class":90},[47,71730,87],{"class":86},[47,71732,1721],{"class":445},[47,71734,1879],{"class":86},[47,71736,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,71738,83],{"class":82},[47,71740,87],{"class":86},[47,71742,1872],{"class":1570},[47,71744,87],{"class":86},[47,71746,36022],{"class":90},[47,71748,1879],{"class":86},[20,71750,71751],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[162,71753,71754,71760],{},[165,71755,71756,71759],{},[15,71757,71758],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[165,71761,71762,71765],{},[15,71763,71764],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71767,71768,71769,71772],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71770,71771],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[149,71774,1962],{"id":1961},[469,71776,71778],{"id":71777},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71780,71781,71782,71784],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71783,12940],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[469,71786,71788],{"id":71787},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71790,71791,71793,71794,71796,71797,94],{},[15,71792,12940],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71795,55698],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71798,3958],{},[469,71800,71802],{"id":71801},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71804,71805,71806,71809],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71807,71808],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[469,71811,71813],{"id":71812},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71815,71816,71817,71819],{},"Python raises ",[15,71818,70898],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[149,71821,2062],{"id":2061},[162,71823,71824,71828,71833,71838,71843],{},[165,71825,71826],{},[455,71827,55684],{"href":55236},[165,71829,71830],{},[455,71831,71832],{"href":55241},"Python list remove() method",[165,71834,71835],{},[455,71836,71837],{"href":59135},"Python list index() method",[165,71839,71840],{},[455,71841,71842],{"href":51150},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[165,71844,71845],{},[455,71846,69427],{"href":69426},[2093,71848,71849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":71851},[71852,71853,71854,71855,71856,71857,71858,71863,71869,71870,71876],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":70027,"depth":72,"text":70028},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":70337,"depth":72,"text":70338},{"id":70466,"depth":72,"text":70467},{"id":70737,"depth":72,"text":70738},{"id":70884,"depth":72,"text":70885,"children":71859},[71860,71861,71862],{"id":70888,"depth":79,"text":70889},{"id":71026,"depth":79,"text":71027},{"id":71209,"depth":79,"text":71210},{"id":71406,"depth":72,"text":71407,"children":71864},[71865,71867],{"id":71413,"depth":79,"text":71866},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71429,"depth":79,"text":71868},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":71871},[71872,71873,71874,71875],{"id":71777,"depth":79,"text":71778},{"id":71787,"depth":79,"text":71788},{"id":71801,"depth":79,"text":71802},{"id":71812,"depth":79,"text":71813},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69894,"description":71877},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71884,"title":71885,"body":71886,"description":73672,"extension":2138,"meta":73673,"navigation":75,"path":73674,"seo":73675,"stem":73676,"__hash__":73677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71887,"toc":73654},[71888,71891,71896,71902,71904,71974,71980,71984,71989,72010,72013,72080,72082,72103,72111,72113,72132,72148,72150,72215,72217,72242,72244,72246,72311,72313,72338,72340,72354,72357,72410,72412,72433,72437,72445,72518,72520,72553,72559,72565,72656,72658,72683,72689,72778,72780,72804,72806,72810,72865,72867,72899,72902,72905,72999,73001,73034,73040,73046,73050,73057,73083,73087,73152,73154,73179,73183,73264,73266,73295,73300,73305,73311,73315,73322,73344,73348,73407,73409,73433,73442,73447,73449,73453,73482,73484,73559,73562,73576,73582,73584,73588,73591,73595,73600,73604,73613,73617,73625,73627,73651],[10,71889,71885],{"id":71890},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71892,842,71893,71895],{},[15,71894,55244],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71897,71898,71899,71901],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3922,71900,1587],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[149,71903,2179],{"id":2178},[38,71905,71907],{"className":40,"code":71906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71908,71909,71941,71959,71969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71910,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71912,7955],{"class":53},[47,71914,58],{"class":57},[47,71916,3803],{"class":86},[47,71918,102],{"class":61},[47,71920,4260],{"class":65},[47,71922,102],{"class":61},[47,71924,309],{"class":86},[47,71926,62],{"class":61},[47,71928,491],{"class":65},[47,71930,102],{"class":61},[47,71932,309],{"class":86},[47,71934,62],{"class":61},[47,71936,33396],{"class":65},[47,71938,102],{"class":61},[47,71940,3816],{"class":86},[47,71942,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71944,7986],{"class":53},[47,71946,94],{"class":86},[47,71948,34969],{"class":90},[47,71950,87],{"class":86},[47,71952,102],{"class":61},[47,71954,491],{"class":65},[47,71956,102],{"class":61},[47,71958,286],{"class":86},[47,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,71962,83],{"class":82},[47,71964,87],{"class":86},[47,71966,7986],{"class":90},[47,71968,286],{"class":86},[47,71970,71971],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,71972,71973],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71975,144,71976,71979],{},[15,71977,71978],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[149,71981,71983],{"id":71982},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71985,71986,71988],{},[15,71987,55698],{}," is a list method that:",[162,71990,71991,71997,72002,72007],{},[165,71992,71993,71994,71996],{},"Deletes the ",[3922,71995,30085],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[165,71998,71999,72000],{},"Changes the original list ",[3922,72001,11509],{},[165,72003,1966,72004,72006],{},[3922,72005,4813],{}," return a new list",[165,72008,72009],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72011,72012],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,72014,72016],{"className":40,"code":72015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72017,72018,72038,72056,72060,72070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72019,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72021,3798],{"class":53},[47,72023,58],{"class":57},[47,72025,3803],{"class":86},[47,72027,1598],{"class":445},[47,72029,309],{"class":86},[47,72031,1769],{"class":445},[47,72033,309],{"class":86},[47,72035,2630],{"class":445},[47,72037,3816],{"class":86},[47,72039,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72041,2407],{"class":53},[47,72043,58],{"class":57},[47,72045,4444],{"class":53},[47,72047,94],{"class":86},[47,72049,34969],{"class":90},[47,72051,87],{"class":86},[47,72053,2233],{"class":445},[47,72055,286],{"class":86},[47,72057,72058],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72059,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,72061,72062,72064,72066,72068],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,72063,83],{"class":82},[47,72065,87],{"class":86},[47,72067,3830],{"class":90},[47,72069,286],{"class":86},[47,72071,72072,72074,72076,72078],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,72073,83],{"class":82},[47,72075,87],{"class":86},[47,72077,2442],{"class":90},[47,72079,286],{"class":86},[20,72081,814],{},[38,72083,72085],{"className":40,"code":72084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72086,72087,72099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72090,4080],{"class":86},[47,72092,1598],{"class":445},[47,72094,309],{"class":86},[47,72096,2630],{"class":445},[47,72098,3816],{"class":86},[47,72100,72101],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72102,11985],{"class":4032},[20,72104,72105,72106,72108,72109,94],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72107,55698],{}," itself returned ",[15,72110,3958],{},[149,72112,5610],{"id":5609},[38,72114,72116],{"className":40,"code":72115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72117,72118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72119,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72121,8269],{"class":1570},[47,72123,94],{"class":86},[47,72125,34969],{"class":90},[47,72127,87],{"class":86},[47,72129,1587],{"class":90},[47,72131,286],{"class":86},[162,72133,72134,72139,72142],{},[165,72135,72136,72138],{},[15,72137,1587],{}," is the item you want to delete",[165,72140,72141],{},"Python searches from left to right",[165,72143,72144,72145,72147],{},"Only the ",[3922,72146,30085],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72149,183],{},[38,72151,72153],{"className":40,"code":72152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72154,72155,72187,72205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72156,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72158,36265],{"class":53},[47,72160,58],{"class":57},[47,72162,3803],{"class":86},[47,72164,102],{"class":61},[47,72166,455],{"class":65},[47,72168,102],{"class":61},[47,72170,309],{"class":86},[47,72172,62],{"class":61},[47,72174,2014],{"class":65},[47,72176,102],{"class":61},[47,72178,309],{"class":86},[47,72180,62],{"class":61},[47,72182,9913],{"class":65},[47,72184,102],{"class":61},[47,72186,3816],{"class":86},[47,72188,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72190,36318],{"class":53},[47,72192,94],{"class":86},[47,72194,34969],{"class":90},[47,72196,87],{"class":86},[47,72198,102],{"class":61},[47,72200,2014],{"class":65},[47,72202,102],{"class":61},[47,72204,286],{"class":86},[47,72206,72207,72209,72211,72213],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72208,83],{"class":82},[47,72210,87],{"class":86},[47,72212,36318],{"class":90},[47,72214,286],{"class":86},[20,72216,814],{},[38,72218,72220],{"className":40,"code":72219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72221,72222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72225,4080],{"class":86},[47,72227,3479],{"class":61},[47,72229,455],{"class":65},[47,72231,3479],{"class":61},[47,72233,309],{"class":86},[47,72235,3474],{"class":61},[47,72237,9913],{"class":65},[47,72239,3479],{"class":61},[47,72241,3816],{"class":86},[149,72243,5966],{"id":5965},[20,72245,65342],{},[38,72247,72249],{"className":40,"code":72248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72250,72251,72283,72301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72252,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72254,13254],{"class":53},[47,72256,58],{"class":57},[47,72258,3803],{"class":86},[47,72260,102],{"class":61},[47,72262,13271],{"class":65},[47,72264,102],{"class":61},[47,72266,309],{"class":86},[47,72268,62],{"class":61},[47,72270,13288],{"class":65},[47,72272,102],{"class":61},[47,72274,309],{"class":86},[47,72276,62],{"class":61},[47,72278,17633],{"class":65},[47,72280,102],{"class":61},[47,72282,3816],{"class":86},[47,72284,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72286,17680],{"class":53},[47,72288,94],{"class":86},[47,72290,34969],{"class":90},[47,72292,87],{"class":86},[47,72294,102],{"class":61},[47,72296,13288],{"class":65},[47,72298,102],{"class":61},[47,72300,286],{"class":86},[47,72302,72303,72305,72307,72309],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72304,83],{"class":82},[47,72306,87],{"class":86},[47,72308,17680],{"class":90},[47,72310,286],{"class":86},[20,72312,814],{},[38,72314,72316],{"className":40,"code":72315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72317,72318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72319,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72321,4080],{"class":86},[47,72323,3479],{"class":61},[47,72325,13271],{"class":65},[47,72327,3479],{"class":61},[47,72329,309],{"class":86},[47,72331,3474],{"class":61},[47,72333,17633],{"class":65},[47,72335,3479],{"class":61},[47,72337,3816],{"class":86},[20,72339,11860],{},[162,72341,72342,72345,72351],{},[165,72343,72344],{},"A list is created with three values",[165,72346,72347,72350],{},[15,72348,72349],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[165,72352,72353],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72355,72356],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,72358,72360],{"className":40,"code":72359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72361,72362,72386,72400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72363,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72365,5244],{"class":53},[47,72367,58],{"class":57},[47,72369,3803],{"class":86},[47,72371,2509],{"class":445},[47,72373,309],{"class":86},[47,72375,7966],{"class":445},[47,72377,309],{"class":86},[47,72379,7971],{"class":445},[47,72381,309],{"class":86},[47,72383,51015],{"class":445},[47,72385,3816],{"class":86},[47,72387,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72389,16569],{"class":53},[47,72391,94],{"class":86},[47,72393,34969],{"class":90},[47,72395,87],{"class":86},[47,72397,37017],{"class":445},[47,72399,286],{"class":86},[47,72401,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72403,83],{"class":82},[47,72405,87],{"class":86},[47,72407,16569],{"class":90},[47,72409,286],{"class":86},[20,72411,814],{},[38,72413,72415],{"className":40,"code":72414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72416,72417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72420,4080],{"class":86},[47,72422,2509],{"class":445},[47,72424,309],{"class":86},[47,72426,7966],{"class":445},[47,72428,309],{"class":86},[47,72430,51015],{"class":445},[47,72432,3816],{"class":86},[149,72434,72436],{"id":72435},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72438,65332,72439,72441,72442,72444],{},[15,72440,55698],{}," deletes only the ",[3922,72443,30085],{}," one.",[38,72446,72448],{"className":40,"code":72447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72449,72450,72490,72508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72451,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72453,7955],{"class":53},[47,72455,58],{"class":57},[47,72457,3803],{"class":86},[47,72459,102],{"class":61},[47,72461,4260],{"class":65},[47,72463,102],{"class":61},[47,72465,309],{"class":86},[47,72467,62],{"class":61},[47,72469,491],{"class":65},[47,72471,102],{"class":61},[47,72473,309],{"class":86},[47,72475,62],{"class":61},[47,72477,4260],{"class":65},[47,72479,102],{"class":61},[47,72481,309],{"class":86},[47,72483,62],{"class":61},[47,72485,33396],{"class":65},[47,72487,102],{"class":61},[47,72489,3816],{"class":86},[47,72491,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72493,7986],{"class":53},[47,72495,94],{"class":86},[47,72497,34969],{"class":90},[47,72499,87],{"class":86},[47,72501,102],{"class":61},[47,72503,4260],{"class":65},[47,72505,102],{"class":61},[47,72507,286],{"class":86},[47,72509,72510,72512,72514,72516],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72511,83],{"class":82},[47,72513,87],{"class":86},[47,72515,7986],{"class":90},[47,72517,286],{"class":86},[20,72519,814],{},[38,72521,72523],{"className":40,"code":72522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72524,72525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72528,4080],{"class":86},[47,72530,3479],{"class":61},[47,72532,491],{"class":65},[47,72534,3479],{"class":61},[47,72536,309],{"class":86},[47,72538,3474],{"class":61},[47,72540,4260],{"class":65},[47,72542,3479],{"class":61},[47,72544,309],{"class":86},[47,72546,3474],{"class":61},[47,72548,33396],{"class":65},[47,72550,3479],{"class":61},[47,72552,3816],{"class":86},[20,72554,72555,72556,72558],{},"Only the first ",[15,72557,58003],{}," was removed.",[20,72560,72561,72562,72564],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72563,55698],{}," again:",[38,72566,72568],{"className":40,"code":72567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72569,72570,72610,72628,72646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72571,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72573,7955],{"class":53},[47,72575,58],{"class":57},[47,72577,3803],{"class":86},[47,72579,102],{"class":61},[47,72581,4260],{"class":65},[47,72583,102],{"class":61},[47,72585,309],{"class":86},[47,72587,62],{"class":61},[47,72589,491],{"class":65},[47,72591,102],{"class":61},[47,72593,309],{"class":86},[47,72595,62],{"class":61},[47,72597,4260],{"class":65},[47,72599,102],{"class":61},[47,72601,309],{"class":86},[47,72603,62],{"class":61},[47,72605,33396],{"class":65},[47,72607,102],{"class":61},[47,72609,3816],{"class":86},[47,72611,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72613,7986],{"class":53},[47,72615,94],{"class":86},[47,72617,34969],{"class":90},[47,72619,87],{"class":86},[47,72621,102],{"class":61},[47,72623,4260],{"class":65},[47,72625,102],{"class":61},[47,72627,286],{"class":86},[47,72629,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72631,7986],{"class":53},[47,72633,94],{"class":86},[47,72635,34969],{"class":90},[47,72637,87],{"class":86},[47,72639,102],{"class":61},[47,72641,4260],{"class":65},[47,72643,102],{"class":61},[47,72645,286],{"class":86},[47,72647,72648,72650,72652,72654],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,72649,83],{"class":82},[47,72651,87],{"class":86},[47,72653,7986],{"class":90},[47,72655,286],{"class":86},[20,72657,814],{},[38,72659,72661],{"className":40,"code":72660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72662,72663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72664,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72666,4080],{"class":86},[47,72668,3479],{"class":61},[47,72670,491],{"class":65},[47,72672,3479],{"class":61},[47,72674,309],{"class":86},[47,72676,3474],{"class":61},[47,72678,33396],{"class":65},[47,72680,3479],{"class":61},[47,72682,3816],{"class":86},[20,72684,72685,72686,72688],{},"If you need to remove ",[3922,72687,3894],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,72690,72692],{"className":40,"code":72691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72693,72694,72734,72768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72695,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72697,7955],{"class":53},[47,72699,58],{"class":57},[47,72701,3803],{"class":86},[47,72703,102],{"class":61},[47,72705,4260],{"class":65},[47,72707,102],{"class":61},[47,72709,309],{"class":86},[47,72711,62],{"class":61},[47,72713,491],{"class":65},[47,72715,102],{"class":61},[47,72717,309],{"class":86},[47,72719,62],{"class":61},[47,72721,4260],{"class":65},[47,72723,102],{"class":61},[47,72725,309],{"class":86},[47,72727,62],{"class":61},[47,72729,33396],{"class":65},[47,72731,102],{"class":61},[47,72733,3816],{"class":86},[47,72735,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72753,72755,72757,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72737,7955],{"class":53},[47,72739,58],{"class":57},[47,72741,3803],{"class":86},[47,72743,28715],{"class":53},[47,72745,6137],{"class":752},[47,72747,6140],{"class":53},[47,72749,1613],{"class":752},[47,72751,72752],{"class":53}," items ",[47,72754,723],{"class":752},[47,72756,6140],{"class":53},[47,72758,72759],{"class":57},"!=",[47,72761,62],{"class":61},[47,72763,4260],{"class":65},[47,72765,102],{"class":61},[47,72767,3816],{"class":86},[47,72769,72770,72772,72774,72776],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72771,83],{"class":82},[47,72773,87],{"class":86},[47,72775,7986],{"class":90},[47,72777,286],{"class":86},[20,72779,814],{},[38,72781,72782],{"className":40,"code":72660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72783,72784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72785,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72787,4080],{"class":86},[47,72789,3479],{"class":61},[47,72791,491],{"class":65},[47,72793,3479],{"class":61},[47,72795,309],{"class":86},[47,72797,3474],{"class":61},[47,72799,33396],{"class":65},[47,72801,3479],{"class":61},[47,72803,3816],{"class":86},[149,72805,65798],{"id":65797},[20,72807,65801,72808,94],{},[15,72809,40879],{},[38,72811,72813],{"className":40,"code":72812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72814,72815,72847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72816,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72818,7955],{"class":53},[47,72820,58],{"class":57},[47,72822,3803],{"class":86},[47,72824,102],{"class":61},[47,72826,4260],{"class":65},[47,72828,102],{"class":61},[47,72830,309],{"class":86},[47,72832,62],{"class":61},[47,72834,491],{"class":65},[47,72836,102],{"class":61},[47,72838,309],{"class":86},[47,72840,62],{"class":61},[47,72842,33396],{"class":65},[47,72844,102],{"class":61},[47,72846,3816],{"class":86},[47,72848,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72850,7986],{"class":53},[47,72852,94],{"class":86},[47,72854,34969],{"class":90},[47,72856,87],{"class":86},[47,72858,102],{"class":61},[47,72860,22710],{"class":65},[47,72862,102],{"class":61},[47,72864,286],{"class":86},[20,72866,814],{},[38,72868,72870],{"className":40,"code":72869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72871,72872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72875,40879],{"class":1570},[47,72877,3062],{"class":86},[47,72879,22737],{"class":1570},[47,72881,94],{"class":86},[47,72883,34969],{"class":90},[47,72885,87],{"class":86},[47,72887,2350],{"class":90},[47,72889,16632],{"class":86},[47,72891,4060],{"class":53},[47,72893,4813],{"class":57},[47,72895,1690],{"class":57},[47,72897,72898],{"class":1570}," list\n",[20,72900,72901],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72903,72904],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,72906,72908],{"className":40,"code":72907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72909,72910,72942,72954,72958,72970,72985,72989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72911,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72913,7955],{"class":53},[47,72915,58],{"class":57},[47,72917,3803],{"class":86},[47,72919,102],{"class":61},[47,72921,4260],{"class":65},[47,72923,102],{"class":61},[47,72925,309],{"class":86},[47,72927,62],{"class":61},[47,72929,491],{"class":65},[47,72931,102],{"class":61},[47,72933,309],{"class":86},[47,72935,62],{"class":61},[47,72937,33396],{"class":65},[47,72939,102],{"class":61},[47,72941,3816],{"class":86},[47,72943,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72945,1535],{"class":53},[47,72947,58],{"class":57},[47,72949,62],{"class":61},[47,72951,22710],{"class":65},[47,72953,69],{"class":61},[47,72955,72956],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,72957,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,72959,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,72961,723],{"class":752},[47,72963,21761],{"class":53},[47,72965,1613],{"class":57},[47,72967,6145],{"class":53},[47,72969,795],{"class":86},[47,72971,72972,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,72973,72974],{"class":53},"    items",[47,72976,94],{"class":86},[47,72978,34969],{"class":90},[47,72980,87],{"class":86},[47,72982,1587],{"class":90},[47,72984,286],{"class":86},[47,72986,72987],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,72988,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,72990,72991,72993,72995,72997],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,72992,83],{"class":82},[47,72994,87],{"class":86},[47,72996,7986],{"class":90},[47,72998,286],{"class":86},[20,73000,814],{},[38,73002,73004],{"className":40,"code":73003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73005,73006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73007,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73009,4080],{"class":86},[47,73011,3479],{"class":61},[47,73013,4260],{"class":65},[47,73015,3479],{"class":61},[47,73017,309],{"class":86},[47,73019,3474],{"class":61},[47,73021,491],{"class":65},[47,73023,3479],{"class":61},[47,73025,309],{"class":86},[47,73027,3474],{"class":61},[47,73029,33396],{"class":65},[47,73031,3479],{"class":61},[47,73033,3816],{"class":86},[20,73035,73036,73037,73039],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73038,55698],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73041,73042,73043,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[455,73044,66007],{"href":73045},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[149,73047,73049],{"id":73048},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73051,73052,837,73054,73056],{},[15,73053,55698],{},[15,73055,12940],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[162,73058,73059,73066,73072,73078],{},[165,73060,73061,73063,73064],{},[15,73062,55698],{}," deletes by ",[3922,73065,1587],{},[165,73067,73068,73063,73070],{},[15,73069,12940],{},[3922,73071,36022],{},[165,73073,73074,2576,73076],{},[15,73075,55698],{},[15,73077,3958],{},[165,73079,73080,73082],{},[15,73081,12940],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73084,46213,73085,3062],{},[15,73086,55698],{},[38,73088,73090],{"className":40,"code":73089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73091,73092,73124,73142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73093,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73095,7955],{"class":53},[47,73097,58],{"class":57},[47,73099,3803],{"class":86},[47,73101,102],{"class":61},[47,73103,4260],{"class":65},[47,73105,102],{"class":61},[47,73107,309],{"class":86},[47,73109,62],{"class":61},[47,73111,491],{"class":65},[47,73113,102],{"class":61},[47,73115,309],{"class":86},[47,73117,62],{"class":61},[47,73119,33396],{"class":65},[47,73121,102],{"class":61},[47,73123,3816],{"class":86},[47,73125,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73127,7986],{"class":53},[47,73129,94],{"class":86},[47,73131,34969],{"class":90},[47,73133,87],{"class":86},[47,73135,102],{"class":61},[47,73137,491],{"class":65},[47,73139,102],{"class":61},[47,73141,286],{"class":86},[47,73143,73144,73146,73148,73150],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73145,83],{"class":82},[47,73147,87],{"class":86},[47,73149,7986],{"class":90},[47,73151,286],{"class":86},[20,73153,814],{},[38,73155,73157],{"className":40,"code":73156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73158,73159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73160,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73162,4080],{"class":86},[47,73164,3479],{"class":61},[47,73166,4260],{"class":65},[47,73168,3479],{"class":61},[47,73170,309],{"class":86},[47,73172,3474],{"class":61},[47,73174,33396],{"class":65},[47,73176,3479],{"class":61},[47,73178,3816],{"class":86},[20,73180,46213,73181,3062],{},[15,73182,12940],{},[38,73184,73186],{"className":40,"code":73185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73187,73188,73220,73239,73243,73253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73189,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214,73216,73218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73191,7955],{"class":53},[47,73193,58],{"class":57},[47,73195,3803],{"class":86},[47,73197,102],{"class":61},[47,73199,4260],{"class":65},[47,73201,102],{"class":61},[47,73203,309],{"class":86},[47,73205,62],{"class":61},[47,73207,491],{"class":65},[47,73209,102],{"class":61},[47,73211,309],{"class":86},[47,73213,62],{"class":61},[47,73215,33396],{"class":65},[47,73217,102],{"class":61},[47,73219,3816],{"class":86},[47,73221,73222,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73223,73224],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,73226,58],{"class":57},[47,73228,6145],{"class":53},[47,73230,94],{"class":86},[47,73232,26419],{"class":90},[47,73234,87],{"class":86},[47,73236,1598],{"class":445},[47,73238,286],{"class":86},[47,73240,73241],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73242,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,73244,73245,73247,73249,73251],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,73246,83],{"class":82},[47,73248,87],{"class":86},[47,73250,7986],{"class":90},[47,73252,286],{"class":86},[47,73254,73255,73257,73259,73262],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,73256,83],{"class":82},[47,73258,87],{"class":86},[47,73260,73261],{"class":90},"removed_item",[47,73263,286],{"class":86},[20,73265,814],{},[38,73267,73269],{"className":40,"code":73268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73270,73271,73291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73272,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73274,4080],{"class":86},[47,73276,3479],{"class":61},[47,73278,4260],{"class":65},[47,73280,3479],{"class":61},[47,73282,309],{"class":86},[47,73284,3474],{"class":61},[47,73286,33396],{"class":65},[47,73288,3479],{"class":61},[47,73290,3816],{"class":86},[47,73292,73293],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73294,70573],{"class":53},[20,73296,144,73297,73299],{},[15,73298,55698],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73301,144,73302,73304],{},[15,73303,12940],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73306,73307,73308,94],{},"For more detail, see the ",[455,73309,73310],{"href":55248},"Python list pop() method",[149,73312,73314],{"id":73313},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73316,73317,837,73319,73321],{},[15,73318,55698],{},[15,73320,27203],{}," are also different.",[162,73323,73324,73329,73334,73339],{},[165,73325,73326,73328],{},[15,73327,55698],{}," deletes by matching value",[165,73330,73331,73333],{},[15,73332,27203],{}," deletes by index or slice",[165,73335,144,73336,73338],{},[15,73337,27203],{}," when you know the position",[165,73340,144,73341,73343],{},[15,73342,55698],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73345,46213,73346,3062],{},[15,73347,27203],{},[38,73349,73351],{"className":40,"code":73350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73352,73353,73385,73397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73354,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73356,7955],{"class":53},[47,73358,58],{"class":57},[47,73360,3803],{"class":86},[47,73362,102],{"class":61},[47,73364,4260],{"class":65},[47,73366,102],{"class":61},[47,73368,309],{"class":86},[47,73370,62],{"class":61},[47,73372,491],{"class":65},[47,73374,102],{"class":61},[47,73376,309],{"class":86},[47,73378,62],{"class":61},[47,73380,33396],{"class":65},[47,73382,102],{"class":61},[47,73384,3816],{"class":86},[47,73386,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73388,27203],{"class":752},[47,73390,6145],{"class":53},[47,73392,4080],{"class":86},[47,73394,1598],{"class":445},[47,73396,3816],{"class":86},[47,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73400,83],{"class":82},[47,73402,87],{"class":86},[47,73404,7986],{"class":90},[47,73406,286],{"class":86},[20,73408,814],{},[38,73410,73411],{"className":40,"code":73156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73412,73413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73414,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73416,4080],{"class":86},[47,73418,3479],{"class":61},[47,73420,4260],{"class":65},[47,73422,3479],{"class":61},[47,73424,309],{"class":86},[47,73426,3474],{"class":61},[47,73428,33396],{"class":65},[47,73430,3479],{"class":61},[47,73432,3816],{"class":86},[20,73434,73435,73436,73438,73439,73441],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73437,1598],{},", not the value ",[15,73440,65442],{}," directly.",[20,73443,73444,73445,94],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[455,73446,55237],{"href":55236},[149,73448,1425],{"id":1424},[20,73450,21388,73451,3062],{},[15,73452,55698],{},[162,73454,73455,73458,73463,73470,73479],{},[165,73456,73457],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[165,73459,8628,73460,73462],{},[15,73461,55698],{}," to delete all matching values",[165,73464,12772,73465,73467,73468],{},[15,73466,55698],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73469,3958],{},[165,73471,831,73472,44802,73474,32,73476,73478],{},[15,73473,55698],{},[15,73475,12940],{},[15,73477,27203],{}," would be a better fit",[165,73480,73481],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73483,71673],{},[38,73485,73487],{"className":40,"code":73486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73488,73489,73499,73513,73531,73545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73490,73491,73493,73495,73497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73492,83],{"class":82},[47,73494,87],{"class":86},[47,73496,8515],{"class":90},[47,73498,286],{"class":86},[47,73500,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509,73511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73502,83],{"class":82},[47,73504,87],{"class":86},[47,73506,1535],{"class":90},[47,73508,1613],{"class":752},[47,73510,8571],{"class":90},[47,73512,286],{"class":86},[47,73514,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73516,83],{"class":82},[47,73518,87],{"class":86},[47,73520,8515],{"class":90},[47,73522,94],{"class":86},[47,73524,41434],{"class":90},[47,73526,87],{"class":86},[47,73528,1587],{"class":90},[47,73530,1879],{"class":86},[47,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,73534,83],{"class":82},[47,73536,87],{"class":86},[47,73538,1872],{"class":1570},[47,73540,87],{"class":86},[47,73542,8515],{"class":90},[47,73544,1879],{"class":86},[47,73546,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,73548,32327],{"class":82},[47,73550,87],{"class":86},[47,73552,8269],{"class":1570},[47,73554,94],{"class":86},[47,73556,34969],{"class":24927},[47,73558,286],{"class":86},[20,73560,73561],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[162,73563,73564,73567,73570,73573],{},[165,73565,73566],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[165,73568,73569],{},"How many times does it appear?",[165,73571,73572],{},"Am I working with a list?",[165,73574,73575],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73577,73578,73579,73581],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[455,73580,71837],{"href":59135}," may also help.",[149,73583,1962],{"id":1961},[469,73585,73587],{"id":73586},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73589,73590],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[469,73592,73594],{"id":73593},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73596,170,73597,73599],{},[15,73598,3958],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[469,73601,73603],{"id":73602},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73605,73606,73607,73610,73611,94],{},"Check with ",[15,73608,73609],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73612,55698],{},[469,73614,73616],{"id":73615},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73618,144,73619,73621,73622,73624],{},[15,73620,55698],{}," for a value and ",[15,73623,12940],{}," for an index.",[149,73626,2062],{"id":2061},[162,73628,73629,73633,73637,73641,73645],{},[165,73630,73631],{},[455,73632,55684],{"href":55236},[165,73634,73635],{},[455,73636,73310],{"href":55248},[165,73638,73639],{},[455,73640,71837],{"href":59135},[165,73642,73643],{},[455,73644,66007],{"href":73045},[165,73646,73647],{},[455,73648,73650],{"href":73649},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2093,73652,73653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":73655},[73656,73657,73658,73659,73660,73661,73662,73663,73664,73665,73671],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":71982,"depth":72,"text":71983},{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610},{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":72435,"depth":72,"text":72436},{"id":65797,"depth":72,"text":65798},{"id":73048,"depth":72,"text":73049},{"id":73313,"depth":72,"text":73314},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":73666},[73667,73668,73669,73670],{"id":73586,"depth":79,"text":73587},{"id":73593,"depth":79,"text":73594},{"id":73602,"depth":79,"text":73603},{"id":73615,"depth":79,"text":73616},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71885,"description":73672},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73679,"title":73680,"body":73681,"description":75571,"extension":2138,"meta":75572,"navigation":75,"path":75573,"seo":75574,"stem":75575,"__hash__":75576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73682,"toc":75541},[73683,73689,73695,73698,73709,73711,73760,73765,73770,73774,73789,73791,73856,73858,73899,73901,73903,73918,73920,73931,73933,73990,73992,74025,74027,74030,74079,74081,74106,74108,74124,74130,74137,74198,74200,74233,74238,74241,74321,74323,74384,74390,74394,74397,74461,74463,74488,74490,74510,74512,74561,74563,74584,74593,74596,74600,74605,74650,74652,74673,74679,74684,74692,74756,74758,74795,74801,74805,74812,74877,74879,74916,74920,74937,74946,74951,74956,74967,74974,74976,74982,75005,75008,75035,75040,75043,75144,75146,75201,75204,75311,75313,75384,75387,75413,75415,75420,75424,75432,75437,75442,75448,75453,75457,75460,75477,75480,75500,75508,75510,75538],[10,73684,54511,73686,18],{"id":73685},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73687,73688],{},"reverse()",[20,73690,73691,73694],{},[15,73692,73693],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73696,73697],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73699,73700,73701,73703,73704,73708],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73702,73688],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[455,73705,73707],{"href":73706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[149,73710,3788],{"id":3787},[38,73712,73714],{"className":40,"code":73713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73715,73716,73736,73747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73717,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73719,3798],{"class":53},[47,73721,58],{"class":57},[47,73723,3803],{"class":86},[47,73725,1598],{"class":445},[47,73727,309],{"class":86},[47,73729,1769],{"class":445},[47,73731,309],{"class":86},[47,73733,2630],{"class":445},[47,73735,3816],{"class":86},[47,73737,73738,73740,73742,73745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73739,3830],{"class":53},[47,73741,94],{"class":86},[47,73743,73744],{"class":90},"reverse",[47,73746,8817],{"class":86},[47,73748,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73750,83],{"class":82},[47,73752,87],{"class":86},[47,73754,3830],{"class":90},[47,73756,1696],{"class":86},[47,73758,73759],{"class":113},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73761,73762,73764],{},[15,73763,73688],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[149,73766,152,73768,155],{"id":73767},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73769,73693],{},[20,73771,73772,3062],{},[15,73773,73693],{},[162,73775,73776,73779,73782,73786],{},[165,73777,73778],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[165,73780,73781],{},"Changes the original list directly",[165,73783,11599,73784],{},[15,73785,3958],{},[165,73787,73788],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73790,183],{},[38,73792,73794],{"className":40,"code":73793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73795,73796,73836,73846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73797,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73799,36265],{"class":53},[47,73801,58],{"class":57},[47,73803,3803],{"class":86},[47,73805,102],{"class":61},[47,73807,455],{"class":65},[47,73809,102],{"class":61},[47,73811,309],{"class":86},[47,73813,62],{"class":61},[47,73815,2014],{"class":65},[47,73817,102],{"class":61},[47,73819,309],{"class":86},[47,73821,62],{"class":61},[47,73823,9913],{"class":65},[47,73825,102],{"class":61},[47,73827,309],{"class":86},[47,73829,62],{"class":61},[47,73831,18946],{"class":65},[47,73833,102],{"class":61},[47,73835,3816],{"class":86},[47,73837,73838,73840,73842,73844],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73839,36318],{"class":53},[47,73841,94],{"class":86},[47,73843,73744],{"class":90},[47,73845,8817],{"class":86},[47,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73849,83],{"class":82},[47,73851,87],{"class":86},[47,73853,36318],{"class":90},[47,73855,286],{"class":86},[20,73857,814],{},[38,73859,73861],{"className":40,"code":73860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73862,73863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73864,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73866,4080],{"class":86},[47,73868,3479],{"class":61},[47,73870,18946],{"class":65},[47,73872,3479],{"class":61},[47,73874,309],{"class":86},[47,73876,3474],{"class":61},[47,73878,9913],{"class":65},[47,73880,3479],{"class":61},[47,73882,309],{"class":86},[47,73884,3474],{"class":61},[47,73886,2014],{"class":65},[47,73888,3479],{"class":61},[47,73890,309],{"class":86},[47,73892,3474],{"class":61},[47,73894,455],{"class":65},[47,73896,3479],{"class":61},[47,73898,3816],{"class":86},[149,73900,261],{"id":260},[20,73902,2336],{},[38,73904,73906],{"className":40,"code":73905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73907,73908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73909,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73911,8515],{"class":53},[47,73913,94],{"class":86},[47,73915,73744],{"class":90},[47,73917,8817],{"class":86},[20,73919,13230],{},[162,73921,73922,73925,73928],{},[165,73923,73924],{},"No arguments are needed",[165,73926,73927],{},"You call it on an existing list",[165,73929,73930],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73932,183],{},[38,73934,73936],{"className":40,"code":73935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73937,73938,73970,73980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73939,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73941,13254],{"class":53},[47,73943,58],{"class":57},[47,73945,3803],{"class":86},[47,73947,102],{"class":61},[47,73949,13271],{"class":65},[47,73951,102],{"class":61},[47,73953,309],{"class":86},[47,73955,62],{"class":61},[47,73957,17633],{"class":65},[47,73959,102],{"class":61},[47,73961,309],{"class":86},[47,73963,62],{"class":61},[47,73965,13288],{"class":65},[47,73967,102],{"class":61},[47,73969,3816],{"class":86},[47,73971,73972,73974,73976,73978],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73973,17680],{"class":53},[47,73975,94],{"class":86},[47,73977,73744],{"class":90},[47,73979,8817],{"class":86},[47,73981,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,73983,83],{"class":82},[47,73985,87],{"class":86},[47,73987,17680],{"class":90},[47,73989,286],{"class":86},[20,73991,814],{},[38,73993,73995],{"className":40,"code":73994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73996,73997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74000,4080],{"class":86},[47,74002,3479],{"class":61},[47,74004,13288],{"class":65},[47,74006,3479],{"class":61},[47,74008,309],{"class":86},[47,74010,3474],{"class":61},[47,74012,17633],{"class":65},[47,74014,3479],{"class":61},[47,74016,309],{"class":86},[47,74018,3474],{"class":61},[47,74020,13271],{"class":65},[47,74022,3479],{"class":61},[47,74024,3816],{"class":86},[149,74026,11651],{"id":11650},[20,74028,74029],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,74031,74033],{"className":40,"code":74032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74034,74035,74059,74069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74036,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74038,3798],{"class":53},[47,74040,58],{"class":57},[47,74042,3803],{"class":86},[47,74044,2509],{"class":445},[47,74046,309],{"class":86},[47,74048,7966],{"class":445},[47,74050,309],{"class":86},[47,74052,7971],{"class":445},[47,74054,309],{"class":86},[47,74056,51015],{"class":445},[47,74058,3816],{"class":86},[47,74060,74061,74063,74065,74067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74062,3830],{"class":53},[47,74064,94],{"class":86},[47,74066,73744],{"class":90},[47,74068,8817],{"class":86},[47,74070,74071,74073,74075,74077],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74072,83],{"class":82},[47,74074,87],{"class":86},[47,74076,3830],{"class":90},[47,74078,286],{"class":86},[20,74080,814],{},[38,74082,74084],{"className":40,"code":74083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74085,74086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74087,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74089,4080],{"class":86},[47,74091,56862],{"class":445},[47,74093,309],{"class":86},[47,74095,7971],{"class":445},[47,74097,309],{"class":86},[47,74099,7966],{"class":445},[47,74101,309],{"class":86},[47,74103,6184],{"class":445},[47,74105,3816],{"class":86},[20,74107,11860],{},[162,74109,74110,74116,74121],{},[165,74111,74112,74113],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74114,74115],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[165,74117,74118,74120],{},[15,74119,73688],{}," flips the order",[165,74122,74123],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[149,74125,74127,74129],{"id":74126},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74128,73688],{}," changes the original list",[20,74131,74132,74133,74136],{},"This method is ",[3922,74134,74135],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,74138,74140],{"className":40,"code":74139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74141,74142,74174,74184,74188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74143,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74145,36414],{"class":53},[47,74147,58],{"class":57},[47,74149,3803],{"class":86},[47,74151,102],{"class":61},[47,74153,4260],{"class":65},[47,74155,102],{"class":61},[47,74157,309],{"class":86},[47,74159,62],{"class":61},[47,74161,491],{"class":65},[47,74163,102],{"class":61},[47,74165,309],{"class":86},[47,74167,62],{"class":61},[47,74169,4277],{"class":65},[47,74171,102],{"class":61},[47,74173,3816],{"class":86},[47,74175,74176,74178,74180,74182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74177,36466],{"class":53},[47,74179,94],{"class":86},[47,74181,73744],{"class":90},[47,74183,8817],{"class":86},[47,74185,74186],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74187,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74189,74190,74192,74194,74196],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74191,83],{"class":82},[47,74193,87],{"class":86},[47,74195,36466],{"class":90},[47,74197,286],{"class":86},[20,74199,814],{},[38,74201,74203],{"className":40,"code":74202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74204,74205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74206,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74208,4080],{"class":86},[47,74210,3479],{"class":61},[47,74212,4277],{"class":65},[47,74214,3479],{"class":61},[47,74216,309],{"class":86},[47,74218,3474],{"class":61},[47,74220,491],{"class":65},[47,74222,3479],{"class":61},[47,74224,309],{"class":86},[47,74226,3474],{"class":61},[47,74228,4260],{"class":65},[47,74230,3479],{"class":61},[47,74232,3816],{"class":86},[20,74234,144,74235,74237],{},[15,74236,73688],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74239,74240],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,74242,74244],{"className":40,"code":74243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74245,74246,74278,74296,74300,74310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74247,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74249,36414],{"class":53},[47,74251,58],{"class":57},[47,74253,3803],{"class":86},[47,74255,102],{"class":61},[47,74257,4260],{"class":65},[47,74259,102],{"class":61},[47,74261,309],{"class":86},[47,74263,62],{"class":61},[47,74265,491],{"class":65},[47,74267,102],{"class":61},[47,74269,309],{"class":86},[47,74271,62],{"class":61},[47,74273,4277],{"class":65},[47,74275,102],{"class":61},[47,74277,3816],{"class":86},[47,74279,74280,74283,74285,74287,74290,74292,74294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74281,74282],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,74284,58],{"class":57},[47,74286,53021],{"class":53},[47,74288,74289],{"class":86},"[::",[47,74291,2198],{"class":57},[47,74293,1598],{"class":445},[47,74295,3816],{"class":86},[47,74297,74298],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74299,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74301,74302,74304,74306,74308],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74303,83],{"class":82},[47,74305,87],{"class":86},[47,74307,36466],{"class":90},[47,74309,286],{"class":86},[47,74311,74312,74314,74316,74319],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,74313,83],{"class":82},[47,74315,87],{"class":86},[47,74317,74318],{"class":90},"reversed_fruits",[47,74320,286],{"class":86},[20,74322,814],{},[38,74324,74326],{"className":40,"code":74325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74327,74328,74356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74329,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74331,4080],{"class":86},[47,74333,3479],{"class":61},[47,74335,4260],{"class":65},[47,74337,3479],{"class":61},[47,74339,309],{"class":86},[47,74341,3474],{"class":61},[47,74343,491],{"class":65},[47,74345,3479],{"class":61},[47,74347,309],{"class":86},[47,74349,3474],{"class":61},[47,74351,4277],{"class":65},[47,74353,3479],{"class":61},[47,74355,3816],{"class":86},[47,74357,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74359,4080],{"class":86},[47,74361,3479],{"class":61},[47,74363,4277],{"class":65},[47,74365,3479],{"class":61},[47,74367,309],{"class":86},[47,74369,3474],{"class":61},[47,74371,491],{"class":65},[47,74373,3479],{"class":61},[47,74375,309],{"class":86},[47,74377,3474],{"class":61},[47,74379,4260],{"class":65},[47,74381,3479],{"class":61},[47,74383,3816],{"class":86},[20,74385,74386,74387,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[455,74388,74389],{"href":73706},"Python list slicing explained",[149,74391,74393],{"id":74392},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74395,74396],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,74398,74400],{"className":40,"code":74399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74401,74402,74422,74436,74440,74451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74403,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74405,3798],{"class":53},[47,74407,58],{"class":57},[47,74409,3803],{"class":86},[47,74411,1598],{"class":445},[47,74413,309],{"class":86},[47,74415,1769],{"class":445},[47,74417,309],{"class":86},[47,74419,2630],{"class":445},[47,74421,3816],{"class":86},[47,74423,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74425,56059],{"class":53},[47,74427,58],{"class":57},[47,74429,4444],{"class":53},[47,74431,94],{"class":86},[47,74433,73744],{"class":90},[47,74435,8817],{"class":86},[47,74437,74438],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74439,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74441,74442,74444,74446,74449],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74443,83],{"class":82},[47,74445,87],{"class":86},[47,74447,74448],{"class":90},"new_list",[47,74450,286],{"class":86},[47,74452,74453,74455,74457,74459],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,74454,83],{"class":82},[47,74456,87],{"class":86},[47,74458,3830],{"class":90},[47,74460,286],{"class":86},[20,74462,814],{},[38,74464,74466],{"className":40,"code":74465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74467,74468,74472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74469,74470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74471,11985],{"class":4032},[47,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74475,4080],{"class":86},[47,74477,2239],{"class":445},[47,74479,309],{"class":86},[47,74481,1769],{"class":445},[47,74483,309],{"class":86},[47,74485,5677],{"class":445},[47,74487,3816],{"class":86},[20,74489,12077],{},[162,74491,74492,74500,74504],{},[165,74493,74494,74496,74497,74499],{},[15,74495,73688],{}," changes ",[15,74498,3830],{}," directly",[165,74501,41080,74502,72006],{},[3922,74503,4813],{},[165,74505,53823,74506,42330,74508],{},[15,74507,74448],{},[15,74509,3958],{},[20,74511,62066],{},[38,74513,74515],{"className":40,"code":74514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74516,74517,74537,74547,74551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74518,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74520,3798],{"class":53},[47,74522,58],{"class":57},[47,74524,3803],{"class":86},[47,74526,1598],{"class":445},[47,74528,309],{"class":86},[47,74530,1769],{"class":445},[47,74532,309],{"class":86},[47,74534,2630],{"class":445},[47,74536,3816],{"class":86},[47,74538,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74540,3830],{"class":53},[47,74542,94],{"class":86},[47,74544,73744],{"class":90},[47,74546,8817],{"class":86},[47,74548,74549],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74550,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74554,83],{"class":82},[47,74556,87],{"class":86},[47,74558,3830],{"class":90},[47,74560,286],{"class":86},[20,74562,814],{},[38,74564,74566],{"className":40,"code":74565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74567,74568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74569,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74571,4080],{"class":86},[47,74573,2239],{"class":445},[47,74575,309],{"class":86},[47,74577,1769],{"class":445},[47,74579,309],{"class":86},[47,74581,5677],{"class":445},[47,74583,3816],{"class":86},[149,74585,74587,10760,74589,74592],{"id":74586},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74588,73688],{},[15,74590,74591],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74594,74595],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[469,74597,74598],{"id":73744},[15,74599,73688],{},[20,74601,74602,74604],{},[15,74603,73688],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,74606,74608],{"className":40,"code":74607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74609,74610,74630,74640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74611,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74613,3798],{"class":53},[47,74615,58],{"class":57},[47,74617,3803],{"class":86},[47,74619,2239],{"class":445},[47,74621,309],{"class":86},[47,74623,5677],{"class":445},[47,74625,309],{"class":86},[47,74627,1769],{"class":445},[47,74629,3816],{"class":86},[47,74631,74632,74634,74636,74638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74633,3830],{"class":53},[47,74635,94],{"class":86},[47,74637,73744],{"class":90},[47,74639,8817],{"class":86},[47,74641,74642,74644,74646,74648],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74643,83],{"class":82},[47,74645,87],{"class":86},[47,74647,3830],{"class":90},[47,74649,286],{"class":86},[20,74651,814],{},[38,74653,74655],{"className":40,"code":74654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74656,74657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74660,4080],{"class":86},[47,74662,2233],{"class":445},[47,74664,309],{"class":86},[47,74666,5677],{"class":445},[47,74668,309],{"class":86},[47,74670,2630],{"class":445},[47,74672,3816],{"class":86},[20,74674,74675,74676,74678],{},"Notice that this is ",[3922,74677,4813],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[469,74680,74682],{"id":74681},"sorted",[15,74683,74591],{},[20,74685,74686,74691],{},[455,74687,74689],{"href":74688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74690,74591],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,74693,74695],{"className":40,"code":74694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74696,74697,74717,74732,74736,74746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74698,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74700,3798],{"class":53},[47,74702,58],{"class":57},[47,74704,3803],{"class":86},[47,74706,2239],{"class":445},[47,74708,309],{"class":86},[47,74710,5677],{"class":445},[47,74712,309],{"class":86},[47,74714,1769],{"class":445},[47,74716,3816],{"class":86},[47,74718,74719,74721,74723,74726,74728,74730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74720,2407],{"class":53},[47,74722,58],{"class":57},[47,74724,74725],{"class":82}," sorted",[47,74727,87],{"class":86},[47,74729,3830],{"class":90},[47,74731,286],{"class":86},[47,74733,74734],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74735,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74737,74738,74740,74742,74744],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74739,83],{"class":82},[47,74741,87],{"class":86},[47,74743,3830],{"class":90},[47,74745,286],{"class":86},[47,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,74749,83],{"class":82},[47,74751,87],{"class":86},[47,74753,2442],{"class":90},[47,74755,286],{"class":86},[20,74757,814],{},[38,74759,74761],{"className":40,"code":74760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74762,74763,74779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74766,4080],{"class":86},[47,74768,2239],{"class":445},[47,74770,309],{"class":86},[47,74772,5677],{"class":445},[47,74774,309],{"class":86},[47,74776,1769],{"class":445},[47,74778,3816],{"class":86},[47,74780,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74782,4080],{"class":86},[47,74784,1598],{"class":445},[47,74786,309],{"class":86},[47,74788,1769],{"class":445},[47,74790,309],{"class":86},[47,74792,2630],{"class":445},[47,74794,3816],{"class":86},[20,74796,74797,74798,94],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74799,74800],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[469,74802,74804],{"id":74803},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74806,74807,74808,74811],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74809,74810],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,74813,74815],{"className":40,"code":74814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74816,74817,74837,74853,74857,74867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74818,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74820,3798],{"class":53},[47,74822,58],{"class":57},[47,74824,3803],{"class":86},[47,74826,2239],{"class":445},[47,74828,309],{"class":86},[47,74830,5677],{"class":445},[47,74832,309],{"class":86},[47,74834,1769],{"class":445},[47,74836,3816],{"class":86},[47,74838,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74840,2407],{"class":53},[47,74842,58],{"class":57},[47,74844,4444],{"class":53},[47,74846,74289],{"class":86},[47,74848,2198],{"class":57},[47,74850,1598],{"class":445},[47,74852,3816],{"class":86},[47,74854,74855],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,74856,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,74858,74859,74861,74863,74865],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,74860,83],{"class":82},[47,74862,87],{"class":86},[47,74864,3830],{"class":90},[47,74866,286],{"class":86},[47,74868,74869,74871,74873,74875],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,74870,83],{"class":82},[47,74872,87],{"class":86},[47,74874,2442],{"class":90},[47,74876,286],{"class":86},[20,74878,814],{},[38,74880,74882],{"className":40,"code":74881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74883,74884,74900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74885,74886,74888,74890,74892,74894,74896,74898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74887,4080],{"class":86},[47,74889,2239],{"class":445},[47,74891,309],{"class":86},[47,74893,5677],{"class":445},[47,74895,309],{"class":86},[47,74897,1769],{"class":445},[47,74899,3816],{"class":86},[47,74901,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74903,4080],{"class":86},[47,74905,2233],{"class":445},[47,74907,309],{"class":86},[47,74909,5677],{"class":445},[47,74911,309],{"class":86},[47,74913,2630],{"class":445},[47,74915,3816],{"class":86},[469,74917,74919],{"id":74918},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[162,74921,74922,74927,74932],{},[165,74923,144,74924,74926],{},[15,74925,73688],{}," when you want to change the original list",[165,74928,144,74929,74931],{},[15,74930,74810],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[165,74933,144,74934,74936],{},[15,74935,74591],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74938,1160,74939,74945],{},[455,74940,74942,74943,1168],{"href":74941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74944,64480],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[149,74947,1321,74949],{"id":74948},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74950,73688],{},[20,74952,74953,74955],{},[15,74954,73688],{}," is a good choice:",[162,74957,74958,74961,74964],{},[165,74959,74960],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[165,74962,74963],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[165,74965,74966],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74968,74969,74970,94],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[455,74971,74973],{"href":74972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[149,74975,1425],{"id":1424},[20,74977,74978,74979,74981],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74980,73688],{}," for these reasons:",[162,74983,74984,74988,74993,74998],{},[165,74985,12772,74986,12775],{},[15,74987,73688],{},[165,74989,8628,74990,74992],{},[15,74991,73688],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[165,74994,831,74995,74997],{},[15,74996,73688],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[165,74999,1608,75000,834,75002],{},[15,75001,73688],{},[15,75003,75004],{},"reversed()",[20,75006,75007],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,75009,75011],{"className":40,"code":75010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75012,75013,75025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75014,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75016,54],{"class":53},[47,75018,58],{"class":57},[47,75020,62],{"class":61},[47,75022,386],{"class":65},[47,75024,69],{"class":61},[47,75026,75027,75029,75031,75033],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75028,91],{"class":53},[47,75030,94],{"class":86},[47,75032,73744],{"class":90},[47,75034,8817],{"class":86},[20,75036,75037,75038,33776],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75039,73688],{},[20,75041,75042],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,75044,75046],{"className":40,"code":75045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75047,75048,75068,75072,75082,75096,75100,75114,75124,75128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75049,75050,75052,75054,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75051,8484],{"class":53},[47,75053,58],{"class":57},[47,75055,3803],{"class":86},[47,75057,1598],{"class":445},[47,75059,309],{"class":86},[47,75061,1769],{"class":445},[47,75063,309],{"class":86},[47,75065,2630],{"class":445},[47,75067,3816],{"class":86},[47,75069,75070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75071,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75073,75074,75076,75078,75080],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75075,83],{"class":82},[47,75077,87],{"class":86},[47,75079,8515],{"class":90},[47,75081,286],{"class":86},[47,75083,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75085,83],{"class":82},[47,75087,87],{"class":86},[47,75089,1872],{"class":1570},[47,75091,87],{"class":86},[47,75093,8515],{"class":90},[47,75095,1879],{"class":86},[47,75097,75098],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,75099,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75101,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,75103,2407],{"class":53},[47,75105,58],{"class":57},[47,75107,8571],{"class":53},[47,75109,94],{"class":86},[47,75111,73744],{"class":90},[47,75113,8817],{"class":86},[47,75115,75116,75118,75120,75122],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,75117,83],{"class":82},[47,75119,87],{"class":86},[47,75121,2442],{"class":90},[47,75123,286],{"class":86},[47,75125,75126],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,75127,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75129,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,75131,83],{"class":82},[47,75133,87],{"class":86},[47,75135,8515],{"class":90},[47,75137,74289],{"class":86},[47,75139,2198],{"class":57},[47,75141,1598],{"class":445},[47,75143,4068],{"class":86},[20,75145,814],{},[38,75147,75149],{"className":40,"code":75148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75150,75151,75167,75181,75185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75152,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75154,4080],{"class":86},[47,75156,1598],{"class":445},[47,75158,309],{"class":86},[47,75160,1769],{"class":445},[47,75162,309],{"class":86},[47,75164,2630],{"class":445},[47,75166,3816],{"class":86},[47,75168,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75170,3468],{"class":57},[47,75172,3471],{"class":2242},[47,75174,3474],{"class":61},[47,75176,8269],{"class":65},[47,75178,3479],{"class":61},[47,75180,3482],{"class":57},[47,75182,75183],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75184,11985],{"class":4032},[47,75186,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75188,4080],{"class":86},[47,75190,1598],{"class":445},[47,75192,309],{"class":86},[47,75194,1769],{"class":445},[47,75196,309],{"class":86},[47,75198,5677],{"class":445},[47,75200,3816],{"class":86},[20,75202,75203],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,75205,75207],{"className":40,"code":75206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75208,75209,75229,75233,75243,75257,75261,75275,75285,75295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75210,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75212,8484],{"class":53},[47,75214,58],{"class":57},[47,75216,3803],{"class":86},[47,75218,1598],{"class":445},[47,75220,309],{"class":86},[47,75222,1769],{"class":445},[47,75224,309],{"class":86},[47,75226,2630],{"class":445},[47,75228,3816],{"class":86},[47,75230,75231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75232,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75234,75235,75237,75239,75241],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75236,83],{"class":82},[47,75238,87],{"class":86},[47,75240,8515],{"class":90},[47,75242,286],{"class":86},[47,75244,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75246,83],{"class":82},[47,75248,87],{"class":86},[47,75250,1872],{"class":1570},[47,75252,87],{"class":86},[47,75254,8515],{"class":90},[47,75256,1879],{"class":86},[47,75258,75259],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,75260,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,75264,2407],{"class":53},[47,75266,58],{"class":57},[47,75268,8571],{"class":53},[47,75270,94],{"class":86},[47,75272,73744],{"class":90},[47,75274,8817],{"class":86},[47,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,75278,83],{"class":82},[47,75280,87],{"class":86},[47,75282,2442],{"class":90},[47,75284,286],{"class":86},[47,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,75288,83],{"class":82},[47,75290,87],{"class":86},[47,75292,8515],{"class":90},[47,75294,286],{"class":86},[47,75296,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,75298,83],{"class":82},[47,75300,87],{"class":86},[47,75302,8515],{"class":90},[47,75304,74289],{"class":86},[47,75306,2198],{"class":57},[47,75308,1598],{"class":445},[47,75310,4068],{"class":86},[20,75312,814],{},[38,75314,75316],{"className":40,"code":75315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75317,75318,75334,75348,75352,75368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75319,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75321,4080],{"class":86},[47,75323,1598],{"class":445},[47,75325,309],{"class":86},[47,75327,1769],{"class":445},[47,75329,309],{"class":86},[47,75331,2630],{"class":445},[47,75333,3816],{"class":86},[47,75335,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75337,3468],{"class":57},[47,75339,3471],{"class":2242},[47,75341,3474],{"class":61},[47,75343,8269],{"class":65},[47,75345,3479],{"class":61},[47,75347,3482],{"class":57},[47,75349,75350],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75351,11985],{"class":4032},[47,75353,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75355,4080],{"class":86},[47,75357,2239],{"class":445},[47,75359,309],{"class":86},[47,75361,1769],{"class":445},[47,75363,309],{"class":86},[47,75365,5677],{"class":445},[47,75367,3816],{"class":86},[47,75369,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,75371,4080],{"class":86},[47,75373,1598],{"class":445},[47,75375,309],{"class":86},[47,75377,1769],{"class":445},[47,75379,309],{"class":86},[47,75381,2630],{"class":445},[47,75383,3816],{"class":86},[20,75385,75386],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[162,75388,75389,75398,75407],{},[165,75390,27973,75391,75394,75395],{},[15,75392,75393],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75396,75397],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[165,75399,12093,75400,75403,75404,22737],{},[15,75401,75402],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3922,75405,75406],{},"current",[165,75408,75409,75410],{},"So it prints ",[15,75411,75412],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[149,75414,1962],{"id":1961},[469,75416,1966,75418,55638],{"id":75417},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75419,73693],{},[20,75421,62771,75422,94],{},[15,75423,3958],{},[469,75425,34381,75427,34384,75429,2037],{"id":75426},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75428,73688],{},[15,75430,75431],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75433,75434,75436],{},[15,75435,73688],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75438,75439,75441],{},[15,75440,75431],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[469,75443,2049,75445,75447],{"id":75444},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75446,73688],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75449,46538,75450,75452],{},[15,75451,73688],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[469,75454,75456],{"id":75455},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75458,75459],{},"Use slicing:",[38,75461,75463],{"className":40,"code":75462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75464,75465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75466,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75468,8515],{"class":53},[47,75470,74289],{"class":86},[47,75472,2198],{"class":57},[47,75474,1598],{"class":445},[47,75476,3816],{"class":86},[20,75478,75479],{},"Or use:",[38,75481,75483],{"className":40,"code":75482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75484,75485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75486,75487,75489,75491,75494,75496,75498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75488,8269],{"class":1570},[47,75490,87],{"class":86},[47,75492,75493],{"class":82},"reversed",[47,75495,87],{"class":86},[47,75497,8515],{"class":90},[47,75499,1879],{"class":86},[20,75501,75502,75503,75507],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[455,75504,55689,75505],{"href":55129},[15,75506,12954],{}," can also help.",[149,75509,2062],{"id":2061},[162,75511,75512,75518,75524,75528,75532],{},[165,75513,75514],{},[455,75515,55689,75516,1168],{"href":74941},[15,75517,64480],{},[165,75519,75520],{},[455,75521,3755,75522,3688],{"href":74688},[15,75523,74591],{},[165,75525,75526],{},[455,75527,74973],{"href":74972},[165,75529,75530],{},[455,75531,74389],{"href":73706},[165,75533,75534],{},[455,75535,55689,75536,1168],{"href":55129},[15,75537,12954],{},[2093,75539,75540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":75542},[75543,75544,75546,75547,75548,75550,75551,75558,75560,75561,75570],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":73767,"depth":72,"text":75545},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":74126,"depth":72,"text":75549},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74392,"depth":72,"text":74393},{"id":74586,"depth":72,"text":75552,"children":75553},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75554,75555,75556,75557],{"id":73744,"depth":79,"text":73688},{"id":74681,"depth":79,"text":74591},{"id":74803,"depth":79,"text":74804},{"id":74918,"depth":79,"text":74919},{"id":74948,"depth":72,"text":75559},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":75562},[75563,75565,75567,75569],{"id":75417,"depth":79,"text":75564},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75426,"depth":79,"text":75566},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75444,"depth":79,"text":75568},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75455,"depth":79,"text":75456},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73680,"description":75571},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75578,"title":75579,"body":75580,"description":78013,"extension":2138,"meta":78014,"navigation":75,"path":78015,"seo":78016,"stem":78017,"__hash__":78018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75581,"toc":77981},[75582,75585,75597,75600,75623,75631,75633,75745,75754,75758,75761,75764,75851,75853,75886,75888,75911,75917,75921,75924,75946,75948,75965,75968,75988,75990,76100,76102,76179,76183,76186,76229,76231,76364,76366,76468,76473,76477,76480,76482,76496,76499,76613,76615,76689,76691,76719,76723,76728,76758,76761,76887,76889,76971,76977,76981,76983,77022,77031,77035,77038,77042,77089,77091,77099,77103,77154,77156,77169,77171,77185,77188,77196,77198,77245,77247,77255,77258,77301,77306,77309,77312,77335,77339,77390,77393,77414,77424,77428,77430,77460,77463,77486,77490,77493,77560,77562,77599,77602,77610,77677,77679,77716,77722,77729,77733,77736,77766,77771,77775,77778,77802,77805,77899,77909,77911,77915,77918,77922,77925,77930,77933,77939,77942,77944,77972,77978],[10,75583,75579],{"id":75584},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75586,75587,75588,2366,75590,17251,75593,75596],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75589,522],{},[15,75591,75592],{},"stop",[15,75594,75595],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75598,75599],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,75601,75603],{"className":40,"code":75602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75604,75605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75606,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75608,8515],{"class":53},[47,75610,4080],{"class":86},[47,75612,522],{"class":53},[47,75614,3062],{"class":86},[47,75616,75592],{"class":53},[47,75618,3062],{"class":86},[47,75620,75595],{"class":53},[47,75622,3816],{"class":86},[20,75624,75625,75626,75628,75629,94],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75627,75592],{}," position is ",[3922,75630,65237],{},[149,75632,2179],{"id":2178},[38,75634,75636],{"className":40,"code":75635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75637,75638,75666,75670,75691,75709,75726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75639,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75641,3798],{"class":53},[47,75643,58],{"class":57},[47,75645,3803],{"class":86},[47,75647,2509],{"class":445},[47,75649,309],{"class":86},[47,75651,7966],{"class":445},[47,75653,309],{"class":86},[47,75655,7971],{"class":445},[47,75657,309],{"class":86},[47,75659,51015],{"class":445},[47,75661,309],{"class":86},[47,75663,5261],{"class":445},[47,75665,3816],{"class":86},[47,75667,75668],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75669,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75671,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75673,83],{"class":82},[47,75675,87],{"class":86},[47,75677,3830],{"class":90},[47,75679,4080],{"class":86},[47,75681,1598],{"class":445},[47,75683,3062],{"class":86},[47,75685,2682],{"class":445},[47,75687,20625],{"class":86},[47,75689,75690],{"class":113},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699,75702,75704,75706],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75694,83],{"class":82},[47,75696,87],{"class":86},[47,75698,3830],{"class":90},[47,75700,75701],{"class":86},"[:",[47,75703,2239],{"class":445},[47,75705,20625],{"class":86},[47,75707,75708],{"class":113},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75710,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,75712,83],{"class":82},[47,75714,87],{"class":86},[47,75716,3830],{"class":90},[47,75718,74289],{"class":86},[47,75720,2233],{"class":445},[47,75722,20625],{"class":86},[47,75724,75725],{"class":113},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75727,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,75729,83],{"class":82},[47,75731,87],{"class":86},[47,75733,3830],{"class":90},[47,75735,74289],{"class":86},[47,75737,2198],{"class":57},[47,75739,1598],{"class":445},[47,75741,20625],{"class":86},[47,75743,75744],{"class":113},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75746,144,75747,75750,75751,75753],{},[15,75748,75749],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75752,75592],{}," value is not included.",[149,75755,75757],{"id":75756},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75759,75760],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75762,75763],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,75765,75767],{"className":40,"code":75766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75768,75769,75817,75821,75840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75770,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75772,36265],{"class":53},[47,75774,58],{"class":57},[47,75776,3803],{"class":86},[47,75778,102],{"class":61},[47,75780,455],{"class":65},[47,75782,102],{"class":61},[47,75784,309],{"class":86},[47,75786,62],{"class":61},[47,75788,2014],{"class":65},[47,75790,102],{"class":61},[47,75792,309],{"class":86},[47,75794,62],{"class":61},[47,75796,9913],{"class":65},[47,75798,102],{"class":61},[47,75800,309],{"class":86},[47,75802,62],{"class":61},[47,75804,18946],{"class":65},[47,75806,102],{"class":61},[47,75808,309],{"class":86},[47,75810,62],{"class":61},[47,75812,60617],{"class":65},[47,75814,102],{"class":61},[47,75816,3816],{"class":86},[47,75818,75819],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75820,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,75822,75823,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,75824,75825],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75827,58],{"class":57},[47,75829,70263],{"class":53},[47,75831,4080],{"class":86},[47,75833,1598],{"class":445},[47,75835,3062],{"class":86},[47,75837,2682],{"class":445},[47,75839,3816],{"class":86},[47,75841,75842,75844,75846,75849],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,75843,83],{"class":82},[47,75845,87],{"class":86},[47,75847,75848],{"class":90},"part",[47,75850,286],{"class":86},[20,75852,814],{},[38,75854,75856],{"className":40,"code":75855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75857,75858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75859,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75861,4080],{"class":86},[47,75863,3479],{"class":61},[47,75865,2014],{"class":65},[47,75867,3479],{"class":61},[47,75869,309],{"class":86},[47,75871,3474],{"class":61},[47,75873,9913],{"class":65},[47,75875,3479],{"class":61},[47,75877,309],{"class":86},[47,75879,3474],{"class":61},[47,75881,18946],{"class":65},[47,75883,3479],{"class":61},[47,75885,3816],{"class":86},[20,75887,13230],{},[162,75889,75890,75893,75896,75902,75908],{},[165,75891,75892],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[165,75894,75895],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[165,75897,75898,75899],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75900,75901],{},"list[start:stop]",[165,75903,75904,75905,75907],{},"The item at ",[15,75906,75592],{}," is not included",[165,75909,75910],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75912,75913,75914,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[455,75915,75916],{"href":51150},"beginner guide to Python lists",[149,75918,75920],{"id":75919},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75922,75923],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,75925,75926],{"className":40,"code":75602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,75927,75928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75929,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75931,8515],{"class":53},[47,75933,4080],{"class":86},[47,75935,522],{"class":53},[47,75937,3062],{"class":86},[47,75939,75592],{"class":53},[47,75941,3062],{"class":86},[47,75943,75595],{"class":53},[47,75945,3816],{"class":86},[20,75947,65213],{},[162,75949,75950,75955,75960],{},[165,75951,75952,75954],{},[15,75953,522],{}," is where slicing begins",[165,75956,75957,75959],{},[15,75958,75592],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[165,75961,75962,75964],{},[15,75963,75595],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75966,75967],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[162,75969,75970,75976,75981],{},[165,75971,75972,75973,75975],{},"Missing ",[15,75974,522],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[165,75977,75972,75978,75980],{},[15,75979,75592],{}," means go to the end of the list",[165,75982,75972,75983,75985,75986],{},[15,75984,75595],{}," means use ",[15,75987,1598],{},[20,75989,183],{},[38,75991,75993],{"className":40,"code":75992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75994,75995,76023,76027,76048,76065,76083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75996,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75998,3798],{"class":53},[47,76000,58],{"class":57},[47,76002,3803],{"class":86},[47,76004,2509],{"class":445},[47,76006,309],{"class":86},[47,76008,7966],{"class":445},[47,76010,309],{"class":86},[47,76012,7971],{"class":445},[47,76014,309],{"class":86},[47,76016,51015],{"class":445},[47,76018,309],{"class":86},[47,76020,5261],{"class":445},[47,76022,3816],{"class":86},[47,76024,76025],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76026,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,76028,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76030,83],{"class":82},[47,76032,87],{"class":86},[47,76034,3830],{"class":90},[47,76036,4080],{"class":86},[47,76038,1598],{"class":445},[47,76040,3062],{"class":86},[47,76042,2682],{"class":445},[47,76044,20625],{"class":86},[47,76046,76047],{"class":113},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,76049,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76051,83],{"class":82},[47,76053,87],{"class":86},[47,76055,3830],{"class":90},[47,76057,75701],{"class":86},[47,76059,2239],{"class":445},[47,76061,20625],{"class":86},[47,76063,76064],{"class":113},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,76066,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76080],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,76068,83],{"class":82},[47,76070,87],{"class":86},[47,76072,3830],{"class":90},[47,76074,4080],{"class":86},[47,76076,2233],{"class":445},[47,76078,76079],{"class":86},":])",[47,76081,76082],{"class":113},"    # go to the end\n",[47,76084,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,76086,83],{"class":82},[47,76088,87],{"class":86},[47,76090,3830],{"class":90},[47,76092,74289],{"class":86},[47,76094,1598],{"class":445},[47,76096,20625],{"class":86},[47,76098,76099],{"class":113},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76101,814],{},[38,76103,76105],{"className":40,"code":76104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76106,76107,76123,76139,76155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76108,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76110,4080],{"class":86},[47,76112,15934],{"class":445},[47,76114,309],{"class":86},[47,76116,7971],{"class":445},[47,76118,309],{"class":86},[47,76120,51015],{"class":445},[47,76122,3816],{"class":86},[47,76124,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76126,4080],{"class":86},[47,76128,2509],{"class":445},[47,76130,309],{"class":86},[47,76132,7966],{"class":445},[47,76134,309],{"class":86},[47,76136,7971],{"class":445},[47,76138,3816],{"class":86},[47,76140,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76142,4080],{"class":86},[47,76144,37017],{"class":445},[47,76146,309],{"class":86},[47,76148,51015],{"class":445},[47,76150,309],{"class":86},[47,76152,5261],{"class":445},[47,76154,3816],{"class":86},[47,76156,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76158,4080],{"class":86},[47,76160,2509],{"class":445},[47,76162,309],{"class":86},[47,76164,7966],{"class":445},[47,76166,309],{"class":86},[47,76168,7971],{"class":445},[47,76170,309],{"class":86},[47,76172,51015],{"class":445},[47,76174,309],{"class":86},[47,76176,5261],{"class":445},[47,76178,3816],{"class":86},[149,76180,76182],{"id":76181},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76184,76185],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[162,76187,76188,76197,76206,76217,76223],{},[165,76189,76190,76193,76194,6145],{},[15,76191,76192],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76195,76196],{},"n",[165,76198,76199,76202,76203,76205],{},[15,76200,76201],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76204,76196],{}," to the end",[165,76207,76208,76211,76212,76214,76215],{},[15,76209,76210],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76213,455],{}," up to ",[15,76216,2014],{},[165,76218,76219,76222],{},[15,76220,76221],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[165,76224,76225,76228],{},[15,76226,76227],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76230,183],{},[38,76232,76234],{"className":40,"code":76233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76235,76236,76269,76273,76290,76307,76328,76345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76237,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76239,3798],{"class":53},[47,76241,58],{"class":57},[47,76243,3803],{"class":86},[47,76245,2509],{"class":445},[47,76247,309],{"class":86},[47,76249,7966],{"class":445},[47,76251,309],{"class":86},[47,76253,7971],{"class":445},[47,76255,309],{"class":86},[47,76257,51015],{"class":445},[47,76259,309],{"class":86},[47,76261,5261],{"class":445},[47,76263,309],{"class":86},[47,76265,76266],{"class":445}," 60",[47,76268,3816],{"class":86},[47,76270,76271],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76272,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,76274,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76276,83],{"class":82},[47,76278,87],{"class":86},[47,76280,3830],{"class":90},[47,76282,75701],{"class":86},[47,76284,2239],{"class":445},[47,76286,20625],{"class":86},[47,76288,76289],{"class":113},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76291,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76293,83],{"class":82},[47,76295,87],{"class":86},[47,76297,3830],{"class":90},[47,76299,4080],{"class":86},[47,76301,2239],{"class":445},[47,76303,76079],{"class":86},[47,76305,76306],{"class":113},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76308,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,76310,83],{"class":82},[47,76312,87],{"class":86},[47,76314,3830],{"class":90},[47,76316,4080],{"class":86},[47,76318,1598],{"class":445},[47,76320,3062],{"class":86},[47,76322,2313],{"class":445},[47,76324,20625],{"class":86},[47,76326,76327],{"class":113},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76329,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,76331,83],{"class":82},[47,76333,87],{"class":86},[47,76335,3830],{"class":90},[47,76337,74289],{"class":86},[47,76339,2233],{"class":445},[47,76341,20625],{"class":86},[47,76343,76344],{"class":113},"   # every second item\n",[47,76346,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,76348,83],{"class":82},[47,76350,87],{"class":86},[47,76352,3830],{"class":90},[47,76354,74289],{"class":86},[47,76356,2198],{"class":57},[47,76358,1598],{"class":445},[47,76360,20625],{"class":86},[47,76362,76363],{"class":113},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76365,814],{},[38,76367,76369],{"className":40,"code":76368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76370,76371,76387,76403,76423,76439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76372,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76374,4080],{"class":86},[47,76376,2509],{"class":445},[47,76378,309],{"class":86},[47,76380,7966],{"class":445},[47,76382,309],{"class":86},[47,76384,7971],{"class":445},[47,76386,3816],{"class":86},[47,76388,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76390,4080],{"class":86},[47,76392,56862],{"class":445},[47,76394,309],{"class":86},[47,76396,5261],{"class":445},[47,76398,309],{"class":86},[47,76400,76266],{"class":445},[47,76402,3816],{"class":86},[47,76404,76405,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76406,4080],{"class":86},[47,76408,15934],{"class":445},[47,76410,309],{"class":86},[47,76412,7971],{"class":445},[47,76414,309],{"class":86},[47,76416,51015],{"class":445},[47,76418,309],{"class":86},[47,76420,5261],{"class":445},[47,76422,3816],{"class":86},[47,76424,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76426,4080],{"class":86},[47,76428,2509],{"class":445},[47,76430,309],{"class":86},[47,76432,7971],{"class":445},[47,76434,309],{"class":86},[47,76436,5261],{"class":445},[47,76438,3816],{"class":86},[47,76440,76441,76443,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,76442,4080],{"class":86},[47,76444,76445],{"class":445},"60",[47,76447,309],{"class":86},[47,76449,5261],{"class":445},[47,76451,309],{"class":86},[47,76453,51015],{"class":445},[47,76455,309],{"class":86},[47,76457,7971],{"class":445},[47,76459,309],{"class":86},[47,76461,7966],{"class":445},[47,76463,309],{"class":86},[47,76465,6184],{"class":445},[47,76467,3816],{"class":86},[20,76469,76470,76471,94],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[455,76472,15068],{"href":57389},[149,76474,76476],{"id":76475},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76478,76479],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76481,5651],{},[162,76483,76484,76490],{},[165,76485,76486,76489],{},[15,76487,76488],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[165,76491,76492,76495],{},[15,76493,76494],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76497,76498],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,76500,76502],{"className":40,"code":76501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76503,76504,76552,76556,76575,76594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76505,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76507,36265],{"class":53},[47,76509,58],{"class":57},[47,76511,3803],{"class":86},[47,76513,102],{"class":61},[47,76515,455],{"class":65},[47,76517,102],{"class":61},[47,76519,309],{"class":86},[47,76521,62],{"class":61},[47,76523,2014],{"class":65},[47,76525,102],{"class":61},[47,76527,309],{"class":86},[47,76529,62],{"class":61},[47,76531,9913],{"class":65},[47,76533,102],{"class":61},[47,76535,309],{"class":86},[47,76537,62],{"class":61},[47,76539,18946],{"class":65},[47,76541,102],{"class":61},[47,76543,309],{"class":86},[47,76545,62],{"class":61},[47,76547,60617],{"class":65},[47,76549,102],{"class":61},[47,76551,3816],{"class":86},[47,76553,76554],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76555,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,76557,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76559,83],{"class":82},[47,76561,87],{"class":86},[47,76563,36318],{"class":90},[47,76565,4080],{"class":86},[47,76567,2198],{"class":57},[47,76569,1598],{"class":445},[47,76571,20625],{"class":86},[47,76573,76574],{"class":113},"    # last item\n",[47,76576,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76578,83],{"class":82},[47,76580,87],{"class":86},[47,76582,36318],{"class":90},[47,76584,4080],{"class":86},[47,76586,2198],{"class":57},[47,76588,2239],{"class":445},[47,76590,76079],{"class":86},[47,76592,76593],{"class":113},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76595,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,76597,83],{"class":82},[47,76599,87],{"class":86},[47,76601,36318],{"class":90},[47,76603,75701],{"class":86},[47,76605,2198],{"class":57},[47,76607,1598],{"class":445},[47,76609,20625],{"class":86},[47,76611,76612],{"class":113},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76614,814],{},[38,76616,76618],{"className":40,"code":76617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76619,76620,76625,76653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76621,76622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76623,76624],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76626,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76628,4080],{"class":86},[47,76630,3479],{"class":61},[47,76632,9913],{"class":65},[47,76634,3479],{"class":61},[47,76636,309],{"class":86},[47,76638,3474],{"class":61},[47,76640,18946],{"class":65},[47,76642,3479],{"class":61},[47,76644,309],{"class":86},[47,76646,3474],{"class":61},[47,76648,60617],{"class":65},[47,76650,3479],{"class":61},[47,76652,3816],{"class":86},[47,76654,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76656,4080],{"class":86},[47,76658,3479],{"class":61},[47,76660,455],{"class":65},[47,76662,3479],{"class":61},[47,76664,309],{"class":86},[47,76666,3474],{"class":61},[47,76668,2014],{"class":65},[47,76670,3479],{"class":61},[47,76672,309],{"class":86},[47,76674,3474],{"class":61},[47,76676,9913],{"class":65},[47,76678,3479],{"class":61},[47,76680,309],{"class":86},[47,76682,3474],{"class":61},[47,76684,18946],{"class":65},[47,76686,3479],{"class":61},[47,76688,3816],{"class":86},[20,76690,13230],{},[162,76692,76693,76696,76700,76706,76712],{},[165,76694,76695],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[165,76697,76698,76489],{},[15,76699,76488],{},[165,76701,76702,76705],{},[15,76703,76704],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[165,76707,76708,76711],{},[15,76709,76710],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[165,76713,76714,76715,837,76717],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76716,522],{},[15,76718,75592],{},[149,76720,76722],{"id":76721},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76724,842,76725,76727],{},[15,76726,75595],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[162,76729,76730,76733,76736,76741,76751],{},[165,76731,76732],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[165,76734,76735],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[165,76737,76738,76740],{},[15,76739,76227],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[165,76742,9049,76743,76745,76746,76748,76749],{},[15,76744,75595],{}," is negative, ",[15,76747,522],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76750,75592],{},[165,76752,76753,76755,76756],{},[15,76754,75595],{}," cannot be ",[15,76757,1721],{},[20,76759,76760],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,76762,76764],{"className":40,"code":76763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76765,76766,76798,76802,76819,76841,76860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76767,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76769,3798],{"class":53},[47,76771,58],{"class":57},[47,76773,3803],{"class":86},[47,76775,2509],{"class":445},[47,76777,309],{"class":86},[47,76779,7966],{"class":445},[47,76781,309],{"class":86},[47,76783,7971],{"class":445},[47,76785,309],{"class":86},[47,76787,51015],{"class":445},[47,76789,309],{"class":86},[47,76791,5261],{"class":445},[47,76793,309],{"class":86},[47,76795,76266],{"class":445},[47,76797,3816],{"class":86},[47,76799,76800],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76801,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,76803,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76805,83],{"class":82},[47,76807,87],{"class":86},[47,76809,3830],{"class":90},[47,76811,74289],{"class":86},[47,76813,2233],{"class":445},[47,76815,20625],{"class":86},[47,76817,76818],{"class":113},"     # every second item\n",[47,76820,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76834,76836,76838],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76822,83],{"class":82},[47,76824,87],{"class":86},[47,76826,3830],{"class":90},[47,76828,4080],{"class":86},[47,76830,1598],{"class":445},[47,76832,76833],{"class":86},"::",[47,76835,2233],{"class":445},[47,76837,20625],{"class":86},[47,76839,76840],{"class":113},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76842,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,76844,83],{"class":82},[47,76846,87],{"class":86},[47,76848,3830],{"class":90},[47,76850,74289],{"class":86},[47,76852,2198],{"class":57},[47,76854,1598],{"class":445},[47,76856,20625],{"class":86},[47,76858,76859],{"class":113},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76861,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,76863,83],{"class":82},[47,76865,87],{"class":86},[47,76867,3830],{"class":90},[47,76869,4080],{"class":86},[47,76871,2682],{"class":445},[47,76873,3062],{"class":86},[47,76875,1598],{"class":445},[47,76877,3062],{"class":86},[47,76879,2198],{"class":57},[47,76881,1598],{"class":445},[47,76883,20625],{"class":86},[47,76885,76886],{"class":113},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76888,814],{},[38,76890,76892],{"className":40,"code":76891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76893,76894,76910,76926,76954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76895,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76897,4080],{"class":86},[47,76899,2509],{"class":445},[47,76901,309],{"class":86},[47,76903,7971],{"class":445},[47,76905,309],{"class":86},[47,76907,5261],{"class":445},[47,76909,3816],{"class":86},[47,76911,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76913,4080],{"class":86},[47,76915,15934],{"class":445},[47,76917,309],{"class":86},[47,76919,51015],{"class":445},[47,76921,309],{"class":86},[47,76923,76266],{"class":445},[47,76925,3816],{"class":86},[47,76927,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,76929,4080],{"class":86},[47,76931,76445],{"class":445},[47,76933,309],{"class":86},[47,76935,5261],{"class":445},[47,76937,309],{"class":86},[47,76939,51015],{"class":445},[47,76941,309],{"class":86},[47,76943,7971],{"class":445},[47,76945,309],{"class":86},[47,76947,7966],{"class":445},[47,76949,309],{"class":86},[47,76951,6184],{"class":445},[47,76953,3816],{"class":86},[47,76955,76956,76958,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,76957,4080],{"class":86},[47,76959,76960],{"class":445},"50",[47,76962,309],{"class":86},[47,76964,51015],{"class":445},[47,76966,309],{"class":86},[47,76968,7971],{"class":445},[47,76970,3816],{"class":86},[20,76972,76973,76974,94],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[455,76975,76976],{"href":74972},"how to reverse a list in Python",[469,76978,76980],{"id":76979},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76982,3014],{},[38,76984,76986],{"className":40,"code":76985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76987,76988,77008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76989,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76991,3798],{"class":53},[47,76993,58],{"class":57},[47,76995,3803],{"class":86},[47,76997,1598],{"class":445},[47,76999,309],{"class":86},[47,77001,1769],{"class":445},[47,77003,309],{"class":86},[47,77005,2630],{"class":445},[47,77007,3816],{"class":86},[47,77009,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77011,83],{"class":82},[47,77013,87],{"class":86},[47,77015,3830],{"class":90},[47,77017,74289],{"class":86},[47,77019,1721],{"class":445},[47,77021,4068],{"class":86},[20,77023,77024,77025,77027,77028,77030],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77026,40879],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77029,1721],{}," does not make sense.",[149,77032,77034],{"id":77033},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77036,77037],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[469,77039,77041],{"id":77040},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,77043,77045],{"className":40,"code":77044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77046,77047,77071,77075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77048,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77050,3798],{"class":53},[47,77052,58],{"class":57},[47,77054,3803],{"class":86},[47,77056,2509],{"class":445},[47,77058,309],{"class":86},[47,77060,7966],{"class":445},[47,77062,309],{"class":86},[47,77064,7971],{"class":445},[47,77066,309],{"class":86},[47,77068,51015],{"class":445},[47,77070,3816],{"class":86},[47,77072,77073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77074,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77076,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77078,83],{"class":82},[47,77080,87],{"class":86},[47,77082,3830],{"class":90},[47,77084,4080],{"class":86},[47,77086,2233],{"class":445},[47,77088,4068],{"class":86},[20,77090,814],{},[38,77092,77093],{"className":40,"code":70007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77094,77095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77096,77097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77098,70007],{"class":445},[469,77100,77102],{"id":77101},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,77104,77106],{"className":40,"code":77105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77107,77108,77132,77136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77109,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77111,3798],{"class":53},[47,77113,58],{"class":57},[47,77115,3803],{"class":86},[47,77117,2509],{"class":445},[47,77119,309],{"class":86},[47,77121,7966],{"class":445},[47,77123,309],{"class":86},[47,77125,7971],{"class":445},[47,77127,309],{"class":86},[47,77129,51015],{"class":445},[47,77131,3816],{"class":86},[47,77133,77134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77135,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77137,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77139,83],{"class":82},[47,77141,87],{"class":86},[47,77143,3830],{"class":90},[47,77145,4080],{"class":86},[47,77147,2233],{"class":445},[47,77149,3062],{"class":86},[47,77151,2239],{"class":445},[47,77153,4068],{"class":86},[20,77155,814],{},[38,77157,77159],{"className":40,"code":77158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,77160,77161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77162,77163,77165,77167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77164,4080],{"class":86},[47,77166,37017],{"class":445},[47,77168,3816],{"class":86},[20,77170,13942],{},[162,77172,77173,77179],{},[165,77174,77175,77178],{},[15,77176,77177],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[165,77180,77181,77184],{},[15,77182,77183],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77186,77187],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[162,77189,77190,77193],{},[165,77191,77192],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[165,77194,77195],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77197,183],{},[38,77199,77201],{"className":40,"code":77200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77202,77203,77223,77227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77204,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77206,3798],{"class":53},[47,77208,58],{"class":57},[47,77210,3803],{"class":86},[47,77212,2509],{"class":445},[47,77214,309],{"class":86},[47,77216,7966],{"class":445},[47,77218,309],{"class":86},[47,77220,7971],{"class":445},[47,77222,3816],{"class":86},[47,77224,77225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77226,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77228,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237,77239,77241,77243],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77230,83],{"class":82},[47,77232,87],{"class":86},[47,77234,3830],{"class":90},[47,77236,4080],{"class":86},[47,77238,2313],{"class":445},[47,77240,3062],{"class":86},[47,77242,2509],{"class":445},[47,77244,4068],{"class":86},[20,77246,814],{},[38,77248,77249],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77250,77251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77252,77253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77254,38472],{"class":86},[20,77256,77257],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,77259,77261],{"className":40,"code":77260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77262,77263,77283,77287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77264,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77266,3798],{"class":53},[47,77268,58],{"class":57},[47,77270,3803],{"class":86},[47,77272,2509],{"class":445},[47,77274,309],{"class":86},[47,77276,7966],{"class":445},[47,77278,309],{"class":86},[47,77280,7971],{"class":445},[47,77282,3816],{"class":86},[47,77284,77285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77286,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77288,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77290,83],{"class":82},[47,77292,87],{"class":86},[47,77294,3830],{"class":90},[47,77296,4080],{"class":86},[47,77298,2313],{"class":445},[47,77300,4068],{"class":86},[20,77302,77303,77304,94],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[455,77305,69427],{"href":69426},[149,77307,15356],{"id":77308},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77310,77311],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[162,77313,77314,77318,77320,77323,77329],{},[165,77315,1710,77316,75907],{},[15,77317,75592],{},[165,77319,60861],{},[165,77321,77322],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[165,77324,1608,77325,834,77327],{},[15,77326,76227],{},[15,77328,73693],{},[165,77330,77331,77332,77334],{},"Using step ",[15,77333,1721],{},", which causes an error",[469,77336,77338],{"id":77337},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,77340,77342],{"className":40,"code":77341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77343,77344,77372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77345,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77347,3798],{"class":53},[47,77349,58],{"class":57},[47,77351,3803],{"class":86},[47,77353,2509],{"class":445},[47,77355,309],{"class":86},[47,77357,7966],{"class":445},[47,77359,309],{"class":86},[47,77361,7971],{"class":445},[47,77363,309],{"class":86},[47,77365,51015],{"class":445},[47,77367,309],{"class":86},[47,77369,5261],{"class":445},[47,77371,3816],{"class":86},[47,77373,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77375,83],{"class":82},[47,77377,87],{"class":86},[47,77379,3830],{"class":90},[47,77381,4080],{"class":86},[47,77383,1598],{"class":445},[47,77385,3062],{"class":86},[47,77387,2682],{"class":445},[47,77389,4068],{"class":86},[20,77391,77392],{},"This returns:",[38,77394,77396],{"className":40,"code":77395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77397,77398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77399,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77401,4080],{"class":86},[47,77403,15934],{"class":445},[47,77405,309],{"class":86},[47,77407,7971],{"class":445},[47,77409,309],{"class":86},[47,77411,51015],{"class":445},[47,77413,3816],{"class":86},[20,77415,41080,77416,77418,77419,77421,77422,94],{},[3922,77417,4813],{}," include ",[15,77420,76960],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77423,2682],{},[469,77425,77427],{"id":77426},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77429,1783],{},[38,77431,77433],{"className":40,"code":77432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77434,77435,77455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77436,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77438,3798],{"class":53},[47,77440,58],{"class":57},[47,77442,3803],{"class":86},[47,77444,2509],{"class":445},[47,77446,309],{"class":86},[47,77448,7966],{"class":445},[47,77450,309],{"class":86},[47,77452,7971],{"class":445},[47,77454,3816],{"class":86},[47,77456,77457],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77458,77459],{"class":113},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77461,77462],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,77464,77466],{"className":40,"code":77465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77467,77468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77469,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77471,83],{"class":82},[47,77473,87],{"class":86},[47,77475,3830],{"class":90},[47,77477,4080],{"class":86},[47,77479,1598],{"class":445},[47,77481,3062],{"class":86},[47,77483,2239],{"class":445},[47,77485,4068],{"class":86},[469,77487,77489],{"id":77488},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77491,77492],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,77494,77496],{"className":40,"code":77495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77497,77498,77522,77536,77540,77550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77499,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77501,3798],{"class":53},[47,77503,58],{"class":57},[47,77505,3803],{"class":86},[47,77507,2509],{"class":445},[47,77509,309],{"class":86},[47,77511,7966],{"class":445},[47,77513,309],{"class":86},[47,77515,7971],{"class":445},[47,77517,309],{"class":86},[47,77519,51015],{"class":445},[47,77521,3816],{"class":86},[47,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77525,75825],{"class":53},[47,77527,58],{"class":57},[47,77529,4444],{"class":53},[47,77531,75701],{"class":86},[47,77533,2233],{"class":445},[47,77535,3816],{"class":86},[47,77537,77538],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77539,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77541,77542,77544,77546,77548],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,77543,83],{"class":82},[47,77545,87],{"class":86},[47,77547,75848],{"class":90},[47,77549,286],{"class":86},[47,77551,77552,77554,77556,77558],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,77553,83],{"class":82},[47,77555,87],{"class":86},[47,77557,3830],{"class":90},[47,77559,286],{"class":86},[20,77561,814],{},[38,77563,77565],{"className":40,"code":77564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77566,77567,77579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77568,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77570,4080],{"class":86},[47,77572,2509],{"class":445},[47,77574,309],{"class":86},[47,77576,7966],{"class":445},[47,77578,3816],{"class":86},[47,77580,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77582,4080],{"class":86},[47,77584,2509],{"class":445},[47,77586,309],{"class":86},[47,77588,7966],{"class":445},[47,77590,309],{"class":86},[47,77592,7971],{"class":445},[47,77594,309],{"class":86},[47,77596,51015],{"class":445},[47,77598,3816],{"class":86},[20,77600,77601],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[469,77603,77605,77606,834,77608],{"id":77604},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77607,76227],{},[15,77609,73693],{},[38,77611,77613],{"className":40,"code":77612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77614,77615,77635,77639,77656,77667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77616,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77618,3798],{"class":53},[47,77620,58],{"class":57},[47,77622,3803],{"class":86},[47,77624,2509],{"class":445},[47,77626,309],{"class":86},[47,77628,7966],{"class":445},[47,77630,309],{"class":86},[47,77632,7971],{"class":445},[47,77634,3816],{"class":86},[47,77636,77637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77638,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,77640,77641,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77642,77643],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77645,58],{"class":57},[47,77647,4444],{"class":53},[47,77649,74289],{"class":86},[47,77651,2198],{"class":57},[47,77653,1598],{"class":445},[47,77655,3816],{"class":86},[47,77657,77658,77660,77662,77665],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,77659,83],{"class":82},[47,77661,87],{"class":86},[47,77663,77664],{"class":90},"reversed_copy",[47,77666,286],{"class":86},[47,77668,77669,77671,77673,77675],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,77670,83],{"class":82},[47,77672,87],{"class":86},[47,77674,3830],{"class":90},[47,77676,286],{"class":86},[20,77678,814],{},[38,77680,77682],{"className":40,"code":77681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77683,77684,77700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77685,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77687,4080],{"class":86},[47,77689,37017],{"class":445},[47,77691,309],{"class":86},[47,77693,7966],{"class":445},[47,77695,309],{"class":86},[47,77697,6184],{"class":445},[47,77699,3816],{"class":86},[47,77701,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77703,4080],{"class":86},[47,77705,2509],{"class":445},[47,77707,309],{"class":86},[47,77709,7966],{"class":445},[47,77711,309],{"class":86},[47,77713,7971],{"class":445},[47,77715,3816],{"class":86},[20,77717,77718,77721],{},[15,77719,77720],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77723,77724,77725,77728],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77726,77727],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[469,77730,77732],{"id":77731},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77734,77735],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,77737,77739],{"className":40,"code":77738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77740,77741,77761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77744,3798],{"class":53},[47,77746,58],{"class":57},[47,77748,3803],{"class":86},[47,77750,2509],{"class":445},[47,77752,309],{"class":86},[47,77754,7966],{"class":445},[47,77756,309],{"class":86},[47,77758,7971],{"class":445},[47,77760,3816],{"class":86},[47,77762,77763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77764,77765],{"class":113},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77767,77768,77769,94],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77770,40879],{},[149,77772,77774],{"id":77773},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77776,77777],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[162,77779,77780,77787,77793,77796,77799],{},[165,77781,1608,77782,837,77784,77786],{},[15,77783,522],{},[15,77785,75592],{}," positions",[165,77788,77789,77790,77792],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77791,75592],{}," index is included",[165,77794,77795],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[165,77797,77798],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[165,77800,77801],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77803,77804],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,77806,77808],{"className":40,"code":77807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77809,77810,77820,77834,77852,77866,77883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77811,77812,77814,77816,77818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77813,83],{"class":82},[47,77815,87],{"class":86},[47,77817,8515],{"class":90},[47,77819,286],{"class":86},[47,77821,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77823,83],{"class":82},[47,77825,87],{"class":86},[47,77827,11337],{"class":82},[47,77829,87],{"class":86},[47,77831,8515],{"class":90},[47,77833,1879],{"class":86},[47,77835,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,77837,83],{"class":82},[47,77839,87],{"class":86},[47,77841,8515],{"class":90},[47,77843,4080],{"class":86},[47,77845,1598],{"class":445},[47,77847,3062],{"class":86},[47,77849,2682],{"class":445},[47,77851,4068],{"class":86},[47,77853,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,77855,83],{"class":82},[47,77857,87],{"class":86},[47,77859,8515],{"class":90},[47,77861,75701],{"class":86},[47,77863,2239],{"class":445},[47,77865,4068],{"class":86},[47,77867,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,77869,83],{"class":82},[47,77871,87],{"class":86},[47,77873,8515],{"class":90},[47,77875,4080],{"class":86},[47,77877,2198],{"class":57},[47,77879,2239],{"class":445},[47,77881,77882],{"class":86},":])\n",[47,77884,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,77886,83],{"class":82},[47,77888,87],{"class":86},[47,77890,8515],{"class":90},[47,77892,74289],{"class":86},[47,77894,2198],{"class":57},[47,77896,1598],{"class":445},[47,77898,4068],{"class":86},[20,77900,831,77901,77903,77904,77908],{},[15,77902,42536],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[455,77905,77907],{"href":77906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[149,77910,1962],{"id":1961},[469,77912,77914],{"id":77913},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77916,77917],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[469,77919,77921],{"id":77920},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77923,77924],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[469,77926,5323,77928,40135],{"id":77927},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77929,76227],{},[20,77931,77932],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[469,77934,77936,77937,2037],{"id":77935},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77938,70898],{},[20,77940,77941],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[149,77943,2062],{"id":2061},[162,77945,77946,77951,77956,77960,77964,77968],{},[165,77947,77948],{},[455,77949,77950],{"href":51150},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[165,77952,77953],{},[455,77954,77955],{"href":57323},"How to create a list in Python",[165,77957,77958],{},[455,77959,15144],{"href":57389},[165,77961,77962],{},[455,77963,74973],{"href":74972},[165,77965,77966],{},[455,77967,77907],{"href":77906},[165,77969,77970],{},[455,77971,69427],{"href":69426},[20,77973,77974,77975,77977],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77976,42536],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2093,77979,77980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":77982},[77983,77984,77985,77986,77987,77988,77991,77995,78003,78004,78012],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":75756,"depth":72,"text":75757},{"id":75919,"depth":72,"text":75920},{"id":76181,"depth":72,"text":76182},{"id":76475,"depth":72,"text":76476},{"id":76721,"depth":72,"text":76722,"children":77989},[77990],{"id":76979,"depth":79,"text":76980},{"id":77033,"depth":72,"text":77034,"children":77992},[77993,77994],{"id":77040,"depth":79,"text":77041},{"id":77101,"depth":79,"text":77102},{"id":77308,"depth":72,"text":15356,"children":77996},[77997,77998,77999,78000,78002],{"id":77337,"depth":79,"text":77338},{"id":77426,"depth":79,"text":77427},{"id":77488,"depth":79,"text":77489},{"id":77604,"depth":79,"text":78001},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77731,"depth":79,"text":77732},{"id":77773,"depth":72,"text":77774},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":78005},[78006,78007,78008,78010],{"id":77913,"depth":79,"text":77914},{"id":77920,"depth":79,"text":77921},{"id":77927,"depth":79,"text":78009},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77935,"depth":79,"text":78011},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75579,"description":78013},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78020,"title":78021,"body":78022,"description":80090,"extension":2138,"meta":80091,"navigation":75,"path":80092,"seo":80093,"stem":80094,"__hash__":80095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78023,"toc":80056},[78024,78029,78035,78041,78043,78090,78097,78102,78106,78121,78124,78177,78179,78204,78209,78211,78243,78246,78262,78264,78325,78327,78352,78356,78361,78414,78416,78441,78446,78507,78509,78534,78537,78544,78548,78551,78612,78614,78647,78650,78711,78713,78746,78752,78825,78827,78859,78866,78871,78876,78878,78890,78893,78971,78973,79014,79017,79091,79093,79126,79131,79138,79145,79149,79158,79162,79170,79172,79239,79241,79277,79282,79293,79295,79300,79305,79307,79370,79372,79397,79404,79409,79413,79416,79455,79460,79466,79471,79473,79500,79505,79508,79555,79557,79614,79621,79626,79632,79701,79705,79708,79771,79773,79806,79811,79813,79816,79897,79899,79923,79929,79931,79936,79940,79947,79955,79959,79961,79984,79988,79990,80017,80020,80027,80030,80032,80053],[10,78025,54511,78027,18],{"id":78026},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78028,64480],{},[20,78030,78031,78034],{},[15,78032,78033],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78036,78037,78038,78040],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78039,64480],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[149,78042,2179],{"id":2178},[38,78044,78046],{"className":40,"code":78045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78047,78048,78068,78078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78049,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78051,3798],{"class":53},[47,78053,58],{"class":57},[47,78055,3803],{"class":86},[47,78057,2239],{"class":445},[47,78059,309],{"class":86},[47,78061,5677],{"class":445},[47,78063,309],{"class":86},[47,78065,1769],{"class":445},[47,78067,3816],{"class":86},[47,78069,78070,78072,78074,78076],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78071,3830],{"class":53},[47,78073,94],{"class":86},[47,78075,34974],{"class":90},[47,78077,8817],{"class":86},[47,78079,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78081,83],{"class":82},[47,78083,87],{"class":86},[47,78085,3830],{"class":90},[47,78087,1696],{"class":86},[47,78089,55101],{"class":113},[20,78091,144,78092,78094,78095,94],{},[15,78093,78033],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78096,3958],{},[149,78098,152,78100,155],{"id":78099},"what-listsort-does",[15,78101,78033],{},[20,78103,78104,3062],{},[15,78105,78033],{},[162,78107,78108,78111,78114,78118],{},[165,78109,78110],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[165,78112,78113],{},"Changes the original list",[165,78115,11599,78116],{},[15,78117,3958],{},[165,78119,78120],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78122,78123],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,78125,78127],{"className":40,"code":78126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78128,78129,78153,78163,78167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78130,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78132,3798],{"class":53},[47,78134,58],{"class":57},[47,78136,3803],{"class":86},[47,78138,2313],{"class":445},[47,78140,309],{"class":86},[47,78142,1769],{"class":445},[47,78144,309],{"class":86},[47,78146,627],{"class":445},[47,78148,309],{"class":86},[47,78150,5677],{"class":445},[47,78152,3816],{"class":86},[47,78154,78155,78157,78159,78161],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78156,3830],{"class":53},[47,78158,94],{"class":86},[47,78160,34974],{"class":90},[47,78162,8817],{"class":86},[47,78164,78165],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78166,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78168,78169,78171,78173,78175],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78170,83],{"class":82},[47,78172,87],{"class":86},[47,78174,3830],{"class":90},[47,78176,286],{"class":86},[20,78178,814],{},[38,78180,78182],{"className":40,"code":78181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78183,78184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78185,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78187,4080],{"class":86},[47,78189,1598],{"class":445},[47,78191,309],{"class":86},[47,78193,1769],{"class":445},[47,78195,309],{"class":86},[47,78197,4787],{"class":445},[47,78199,309],{"class":86},[47,78201,627],{"class":445},[47,78203,3816],{"class":86},[20,78205,78206,78207,94],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[455,78208,67245],{"href":51150},[149,78210,261],{"id":260},[38,78212,78214],{"className":40,"code":78213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78215,78216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78217,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78237,78239,78241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78219,8515],{"class":53},[47,78221,94],{"class":86},[47,78223,34974],{"class":90},[47,78225,87],{"class":86},[47,78227,15021],{"class":9350},[47,78229,58],{"class":57},[47,78231,3958],{"class":4032},[47,78233,309],{"class":86},[47,78235,78236],{"class":9350}," reverse",[47,78238,58],{"class":57},[47,78240,35],{"class":4032},[47,78242,286],{"class":86},[20,78244,78245],{},"Main arguments:",[162,78247,78248,78253,78259],{},[165,78249,78250,78252],{},[15,78251,15021],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[165,78254,78255,78258],{},[15,78256,78257],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[165,78260,78261],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78263,183],{},[38,78265,78267],{"className":40,"code":78266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78268,78269,78293,78311,78315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78270,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78272,3798],{"class":53},[47,78274,58],{"class":57},[47,78276,3803],{"class":86},[47,78278,2682],{"class":445},[47,78280,309],{"class":86},[47,78282,5677],{"class":445},[47,78284,309],{"class":86},[47,78286,6173],{"class":445},[47,78288,309],{"class":86},[47,78290,1769],{"class":445},[47,78292,3816],{"class":86},[47,78294,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78296,3830],{"class":53},[47,78298,94],{"class":86},[47,78300,34974],{"class":90},[47,78302,87],{"class":86},[47,78304,73744],{"class":9350},[47,78306,58],{"class":57},[47,78308,31],{"class":4032},[47,78310,286],{"class":86},[47,78312,78313],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78314,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78316,78317,78319,78321,78323],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78318,83],{"class":82},[47,78320,87],{"class":86},[47,78322,3830],{"class":90},[47,78324,286],{"class":86},[20,78326,814],{},[38,78328,78330],{"className":40,"code":78329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78331,78332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78333,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78335,4080],{"class":86},[47,78337,2201],{"class":445},[47,78339,309],{"class":86},[47,78341,912],{"class":445},[47,78343,309],{"class":86},[47,78345,1769],{"class":445},[47,78347,309],{"class":86},[47,78349,5677],{"class":445},[47,78351,3816],{"class":86},[149,78353,78355],{"id":78354},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78357,144,78358,78360],{},[15,78359,64480],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,78362,78364],{"className":40,"code":78363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78365,78366,78390,78400,78404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78367,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78369,3798],{"class":53},[47,78371,58],{"class":57},[47,78373,3803],{"class":86},[47,78375,2509],{"class":445},[47,78377,309],{"class":86},[47,78379,2630],{"class":445},[47,78381,309],{"class":86},[47,78383,943],{"class":445},[47,78385,309],{"class":86},[47,78387,5677],{"class":445},[47,78389,3816],{"class":86},[47,78391,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78393,3830],{"class":53},[47,78395,94],{"class":86},[47,78397,34974],{"class":90},[47,78399,8817],{"class":86},[47,78401,78402],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78403,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78407,83],{"class":82},[47,78409,87],{"class":86},[47,78411,3830],{"class":90},[47,78413,286],{"class":86},[20,78415,814],{},[38,78417,78419],{"className":40,"code":78418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78420,78421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78422,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78424,4080],{"class":86},[47,78426,1598],{"class":445},[47,78428,309],{"class":86},[47,78430,2630],{"class":445},[47,78432,309],{"class":86},[47,78434,943],{"class":445},[47,78436,309],{"class":86},[47,78438,6184],{"class":445},[47,78440,3816],{"class":86},[20,78442,144,78443,78445],{},[15,78444,78257],{}," for descending order:",[38,78447,78449],{"className":40,"code":78448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78450,78451,78475,78493,78497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78452,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78454,3798],{"class":53},[47,78456,58],{"class":57},[47,78458,3803],{"class":86},[47,78460,2509],{"class":445},[47,78462,309],{"class":86},[47,78464,2630],{"class":445},[47,78466,309],{"class":86},[47,78468,943],{"class":445},[47,78470,309],{"class":86},[47,78472,5677],{"class":445},[47,78474,3816],{"class":86},[47,78476,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78478,3830],{"class":53},[47,78480,94],{"class":86},[47,78482,34974],{"class":90},[47,78484,87],{"class":86},[47,78486,73744],{"class":9350},[47,78488,58],{"class":57},[47,78490,31],{"class":4032},[47,78492,286],{"class":86},[47,78494,78495],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78496,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78498,78499,78501,78503,78505],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78500,83],{"class":82},[47,78502,87],{"class":86},[47,78504,3830],{"class":90},[47,78506,286],{"class":86},[20,78508,814],{},[38,78510,78512],{"className":40,"code":78511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78513,78514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78517,4080],{"class":86},[47,78519,2509],{"class":445},[47,78521,309],{"class":86},[47,78523,943],{"class":445},[47,78525,309],{"class":86},[47,78527,2630],{"class":445},[47,78529,309],{"class":86},[47,78531,5677],{"class":445},[47,78533,3816],{"class":86},[20,78535,78536],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78538,78539,78540,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[455,78541,78543],{"href":78542},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[149,78545,78547],{"id":78546},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78549,78550],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,78552,78554],{"className":40,"code":78553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78555,78556,78588,78598,78602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78557,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78559,4251],{"class":53},[47,78561,58],{"class":57},[47,78563,3803],{"class":86},[47,78565,102],{"class":61},[47,78567,491],{"class":65},[47,78569,102],{"class":61},[47,78571,309],{"class":86},[47,78573,62],{"class":61},[47,78575,4260],{"class":65},[47,78577,102],{"class":61},[47,78579,309],{"class":86},[47,78581,62],{"class":61},[47,78583,4277],{"class":65},[47,78585,102],{"class":61},[47,78587,3816],{"class":86},[47,78589,78590,78592,78594,78596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78591,4294],{"class":53},[47,78593,94],{"class":86},[47,78595,34974],{"class":90},[47,78597,8817],{"class":86},[47,78599,78600],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78601,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78603,78604,78606,78608,78610],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78605,83],{"class":82},[47,78607,87],{"class":86},[47,78609,4294],{"class":90},[47,78611,286],{"class":86},[20,78613,814],{},[38,78615,78617],{"className":40,"code":78616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78618,78619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78620,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78622,4080],{"class":86},[47,78624,3479],{"class":61},[47,78626,4260],{"class":65},[47,78628,3479],{"class":61},[47,78630,309],{"class":86},[47,78632,3474],{"class":61},[47,78634,491],{"class":65},[47,78636,3479],{"class":61},[47,78638,309],{"class":86},[47,78640,3474],{"class":61},[47,78642,4277],{"class":65},[47,78644,3479],{"class":61},[47,78646,3816],{"class":86},[20,78648,78649],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,78651,78653],{"className":40,"code":78652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78654,78655,78687,78697,78701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78656,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78658,4251],{"class":53},[47,78660,58],{"class":57},[47,78662,3803],{"class":86},[47,78664,102],{"class":61},[47,78666,491],{"class":65},[47,78668,102],{"class":61},[47,78670,309],{"class":86},[47,78672,62],{"class":61},[47,78674,57938],{"class":65},[47,78676,102],{"class":61},[47,78678,309],{"class":86},[47,78680,62],{"class":61},[47,78682,4277],{"class":65},[47,78684,102],{"class":61},[47,78686,3816],{"class":86},[47,78688,78689,78691,78693,78695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78690,4294],{"class":53},[47,78692,94],{"class":86},[47,78694,34974],{"class":90},[47,78696,8817],{"class":86},[47,78698,78699],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78700,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78702,78703,78705,78707,78709],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78704,83],{"class":82},[47,78706,87],{"class":86},[47,78708,4294],{"class":90},[47,78710,286],{"class":86},[20,78712,814],{},[38,78714,78716],{"className":40,"code":78715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78717,78718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78719,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78721,4080],{"class":86},[47,78723,3479],{"class":61},[47,78725,57938],{"class":65},[47,78727,3479],{"class":61},[47,78729,309],{"class":86},[47,78731,3474],{"class":61},[47,78733,491],{"class":65},[47,78735,3479],{"class":61},[47,78737,309],{"class":86},[47,78739,3474],{"class":61},[47,78741,4277],{"class":65},[47,78743,3479],{"class":61},[47,78745,3816],{"class":86},[20,78747,78748,78749,3062],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78750,78751],{},"key=str.lower",[38,78753,78755],{"className":40,"code":78754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78756,78757,78789,78811,78815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78758,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78760,4251],{"class":53},[47,78762,58],{"class":57},[47,78764,3803],{"class":86},[47,78766,102],{"class":61},[47,78768,491],{"class":65},[47,78770,102],{"class":61},[47,78772,309],{"class":86},[47,78774,62],{"class":61},[47,78776,57938],{"class":65},[47,78778,102],{"class":61},[47,78780,309],{"class":86},[47,78782,62],{"class":61},[47,78784,4277],{"class":65},[47,78786,102],{"class":61},[47,78788,3816],{"class":86},[47,78790,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78792,4294],{"class":53},[47,78794,94],{"class":86},[47,78796,34974],{"class":90},[47,78798,87],{"class":86},[47,78800,15021],{"class":9350},[47,78802,58],{"class":57},[47,78804,3622],{"class":1570},[47,78806,94],{"class":86},[47,78808,1300],{"class":24927},[47,78810,286],{"class":86},[47,78812,78813],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78814,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78816,78817,78819,78821,78823],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78818,83],{"class":82},[47,78820,87],{"class":86},[47,78822,4294],{"class":90},[47,78824,286],{"class":86},[20,78826,814],{},[38,78828,78829],{"className":40,"code":78715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,78830,78831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78832,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78834,4080],{"class":86},[47,78836,3479],{"class":61},[47,78838,57938],{"class":65},[47,78840,3479],{"class":61},[47,78842,309],{"class":86},[47,78844,3474],{"class":61},[47,78846,491],{"class":65},[47,78848,3479],{"class":61},[47,78850,309],{"class":86},[47,78852,3474],{"class":61},[47,78854,4277],{"class":65},[47,78856,3479],{"class":61},[47,78858,3816],{"class":86},[20,78860,78861,78862,78865],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78863,78864],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[149,78867,36788,78869,36791],{"id":78868},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78870,15021],{},[20,78872,842,78873,78875],{},[15,78874,15021],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78877,7518],{},[162,78879,78880,78885],{},[165,78881,78882,78884],{},[15,78883,11337],{}," to sort by length",[165,78886,78887,78889],{},[15,78888,78864],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78891,78892],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,78894,78896],{"className":40,"code":78895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78897,78898,78939,78957,78961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78899,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78901,4251],{"class":53},[47,78903,58],{"class":57},[47,78905,3803],{"class":86},[47,78907,102],{"class":61},[47,78909,78910],{"class":65},"pear",[47,78912,102],{"class":61},[47,78914,309],{"class":86},[47,78916,62],{"class":61},[47,78918,491],{"class":65},[47,78920,102],{"class":61},[47,78922,309],{"class":86},[47,78924,62],{"class":61},[47,78926,38533],{"class":65},[47,78928,102],{"class":61},[47,78930,309],{"class":86},[47,78932,62],{"class":61},[47,78934,4260],{"class":65},[47,78936,102],{"class":61},[47,78938,3816],{"class":86},[47,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78942,4294],{"class":53},[47,78944,94],{"class":86},[47,78946,34974],{"class":90},[47,78948,87],{"class":86},[47,78950,15021],{"class":9350},[47,78952,58],{"class":57},[47,78954,11337],{"class":82},[47,78956,286],{"class":86},[47,78958,78959],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,78960,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,78962,78963,78965,78967,78969],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,78964,83],{"class":82},[47,78966,87],{"class":86},[47,78968,4294],{"class":90},[47,78970,286],{"class":86},[20,78972,814],{},[38,78974,78976],{"className":40,"code":78975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78977,78978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78979,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78981,4080],{"class":86},[47,78983,3479],{"class":61},[47,78985,38533],{"class":65},[47,78987,3479],{"class":61},[47,78989,309],{"class":86},[47,78991,3474],{"class":61},[47,78993,78910],{"class":65},[47,78995,3479],{"class":61},[47,78997,309],{"class":86},[47,78999,3474],{"class":61},[47,79001,4260],{"class":65},[47,79003,3479],{"class":61},[47,79005,309],{"class":86},[47,79007,3474],{"class":61},[47,79009,491],{"class":65},[47,79011,3479],{"class":61},[47,79013,3816],{"class":86},[20,79015,79016],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,79018,79020],{"className":40,"code":79019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79021,79022,79055,79077,79081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79023,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79051,79053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79025,4251],{"class":53},[47,79027,58],{"class":57},[47,79029,3803],{"class":86},[47,79031,102],{"class":61},[47,79033,5193],{"class":65},[47,79035,102],{"class":61},[47,79037,309],{"class":86},[47,79039,62],{"class":61},[47,79041,17981],{"class":65},[47,79043,102],{"class":61},[47,79045,309],{"class":86},[47,79047,62],{"class":61},[47,79049,79050],{"class":65},"Carol",[47,79052,102],{"class":61},[47,79054,3816],{"class":86},[47,79056,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79058,4294],{"class":53},[47,79060,94],{"class":86},[47,79062,34974],{"class":90},[47,79064,87],{"class":86},[47,79066,15021],{"class":9350},[47,79068,58],{"class":57},[47,79070,3622],{"class":1570},[47,79072,94],{"class":86},[47,79074,1300],{"class":24927},[47,79076,286],{"class":86},[47,79078,79079],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79080,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79084,83],{"class":82},[47,79086,87],{"class":86},[47,79088,4294],{"class":90},[47,79090,286],{"class":86},[20,79092,814],{},[38,79094,79096],{"className":40,"code":79095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79097,79098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79101,4080],{"class":86},[47,79103,3479],{"class":61},[47,79105,17981],{"class":65},[47,79107,3479],{"class":61},[47,79109,309],{"class":86},[47,79111,3474],{"class":61},[47,79113,5193],{"class":65},[47,79115,3479],{"class":61},[47,79117,309],{"class":86},[47,79119,3474],{"class":61},[47,79121,79050],{"class":65},[47,79123,3479],{"class":61},[47,79125,3816],{"class":86},[20,79127,842,79128,79130],{},[15,79129,15021],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[149,79132,79134,10760,79136],{"id":79133},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79135,78033],{},[15,79137,74591],{},[20,79139,79140,837,79142,79144],{},[15,79141,78033],{},[15,79143,74591],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79146,79147,3062],{},[15,79148,78033],{},[162,79150,79151,79154],{},[165,79152,79153],{},"Changes the existing list",[165,79155,11599,79156],{},[15,79157,3958],{},[20,79159,79160,3062],{},[15,79161,74591],{},[162,79163,79164,79167],{},[165,79165,79166],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[165,79168,79169],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79171,183],{},[38,79173,79175],{"className":40,"code":79174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79176,79177,79197,79201,79215,79219,79229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79178,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79180,3798],{"class":53},[47,79182,58],{"class":57},[47,79184,3803],{"class":86},[47,79186,2239],{"class":445},[47,79188,309],{"class":86},[47,79190,5677],{"class":445},[47,79192,309],{"class":86},[47,79194,1769],{"class":445},[47,79196,3816],{"class":86},[47,79198,79199],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79200,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79202,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79204,56059],{"class":53},[47,79206,58],{"class":57},[47,79208,74725],{"class":82},[47,79210,87],{"class":86},[47,79212,3830],{"class":90},[47,79214,286],{"class":86},[47,79216,79217],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79218,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,79222,83],{"class":82},[47,79224,87],{"class":86},[47,79226,3830],{"class":90},[47,79228,286],{"class":86},[47,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,79232,83],{"class":82},[47,79234,87],{"class":86},[47,79236,74448],{"class":90},[47,79238,286],{"class":86},[20,79240,814],{},[38,79242,79243],{"className":40,"code":74760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79244,79245,79261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79246,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79248,4080],{"class":86},[47,79250,2239],{"class":445},[47,79252,309],{"class":86},[47,79254,5677],{"class":445},[47,79256,309],{"class":86},[47,79258,1769],{"class":445},[47,79260,3816],{"class":86},[47,79262,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79264,4080],{"class":86},[47,79266,1598],{"class":445},[47,79268,309],{"class":86},[47,79270,1769],{"class":445},[47,79272,309],{"class":86},[47,79274,2630],{"class":445},[47,79276,3816],{"class":86},[20,79278,144,79279,79281],{},[15,79280,74591],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79283,79284,79285,837,79289,94],{},"You can learn more in ",[455,79286,3755,79287,5962],{"href":74688},[15,79288,74591],{},[455,79290,79292],{"href":79291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[149,79294,1425],{"id":1424},[20,79296,79297,79298,94],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79299,78033],{},[469,79301,12772,79303],{"id":79302},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79304,64480],{},[20,79306,25868],{},[38,79308,79310],{"className":40,"code":79309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79311,79312,79332,79346,79350,79360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79315,3798],{"class":53},[47,79317,58],{"class":57},[47,79319,3803],{"class":86},[47,79321,2239],{"class":445},[47,79323,309],{"class":86},[47,79325,5677],{"class":445},[47,79327,309],{"class":86},[47,79329,1769],{"class":445},[47,79331,3816],{"class":86},[47,79333,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79335,2407],{"class":53},[47,79337,58],{"class":57},[47,79339,4444],{"class":53},[47,79341,94],{"class":86},[47,79343,34974],{"class":90},[47,79345,8817],{"class":86},[47,79347,79348],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79349,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79351,79352,79354,79356,79358],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79353,83],{"class":82},[47,79355,87],{"class":86},[47,79357,2442],{"class":90},[47,79359,286],{"class":86},[47,79361,79362,79364,79366,79368],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,79363,83],{"class":82},[47,79365,87],{"class":86},[47,79367,3830],{"class":90},[47,79369,286],{"class":86},[20,79371,814],{},[38,79373,79375],{"className":40,"code":79374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79376,79377,79381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79378,79379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79380,11985],{"class":4032},[47,79382,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79384,4080],{"class":86},[47,79386,1598],{"class":445},[47,79388,309],{"class":86},[47,79390,1769],{"class":445},[47,79392,309],{"class":86},[47,79394,2630],{"class":445},[47,79396,3816],{"class":86},[20,79398,79399,79401,79402,94],{},[15,79400,64480],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79403,3958],{},[20,79405,79406,79407,6808],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79408,74591],{},[469,79410,79412],{"id":79411},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79414,79415],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,79417,79419],{"className":40,"code":79418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79420,79421,79445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79424,7955],{"class":53},[47,79426,58],{"class":57},[47,79428,3803],{"class":86},[47,79430,1598],{"class":445},[47,79432,309],{"class":86},[47,79434,62],{"class":61},[47,79436,905],{"class":65},[47,79438,102],{"class":61},[47,79440,309],{"class":86},[47,79442,2630],{"class":445},[47,79444,3816],{"class":86},[47,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79448,7986],{"class":53},[47,79450,94],{"class":86},[47,79452,34974],{"class":90},[47,79454,8817],{"class":86},[20,79456,3179,79457,79459],{},[15,79458,3182],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[469,79461,1710,79463,79465],{"id":79462},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79464,64480],{}," only works on lists",[20,79467,79468,79470],{},[15,79469,64480],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79472,1783],{},[38,79474,79476],{"className":40,"code":79475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79477,79478,79490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79479,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79481,54],{"class":53},[47,79483,58],{"class":57},[47,79485,62],{"class":61},[47,79487,42],{"class":65},[47,79489,69],{"class":61},[47,79491,79492,79494,79496,79498],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79493,91],{"class":53},[47,79495,94],{"class":86},[47,79497,34974],{"class":90},[47,79499,8817],{"class":86},[20,79501,79502,79503,33776],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79504,64480],{},[20,79506,79507],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,79509,79511],{"className":40,"code":79510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79512,79513,79531,79541,79545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79514,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79516,36265],{"class":53},[47,79518,58],{"class":57},[47,79520,22737],{"class":1570},[47,79522,87],{"class":86},[47,79524,102],{"class":61},[47,79526,42],{"class":65},[47,79528,102],{"class":61},[47,79530,286],{"class":86},[47,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79534,36318],{"class":53},[47,79536,94],{"class":86},[47,79538,34974],{"class":90},[47,79540,8817],{"class":86},[47,79542,79543],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79544,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79548,83],{"class":82},[47,79550,87],{"class":86},[47,79552,36318],{"class":90},[47,79554,286],{"class":86},[20,79556,814],{},[38,79558,79560],{"className":40,"code":79559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79561,79562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79563,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79565,4080],{"class":86},[47,79567,3479],{"class":61},[47,79569,60608],{"class":65},[47,79571,3479],{"class":61},[47,79573,309],{"class":86},[47,79575,3474],{"class":61},[47,79577,76196],{"class":65},[47,79579,3479],{"class":61},[47,79581,309],{"class":86},[47,79583,3474],{"class":61},[47,79585,60643],{"class":65},[47,79587,3479],{"class":61},[47,79589,309],{"class":86},[47,79591,3474],{"class":61},[47,79593,20],{"class":65},[47,79595,3479],{"class":61},[47,79597,309],{"class":86},[47,79599,3474],{"class":61},[47,79601,63455],{"class":65},[47,79603,3479],{"class":61},[47,79605,309],{"class":86},[47,79607,3474],{"class":61},[47,79609,11922],{"class":65},[47,79611,3479],{"class":61},[47,79613,3816],{"class":86},[469,79615,79617,79618,79620],{"id":79616},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79619,15021],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79622,79623,79624,94],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79625,15021],{},[20,79627,79628,79629,79631],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79630,64480],{}," will not do that:",[38,79633,79635],{"className":40,"code":79634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79636,79637,79669,79687,79691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79638,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79640,4251],{"class":53},[47,79642,58],{"class":57},[47,79644,3803],{"class":86},[47,79646,102],{"class":61},[47,79648,491],{"class":65},[47,79650,102],{"class":61},[47,79652,309],{"class":86},[47,79654,62],{"class":61},[47,79656,38533],{"class":65},[47,79658,102],{"class":61},[47,79660,309],{"class":86},[47,79662,62],{"class":61},[47,79664,4260],{"class":65},[47,79666,102],{"class":61},[47,79668,3816],{"class":86},[47,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79672,4294],{"class":53},[47,79674,94],{"class":86},[47,79676,34974],{"class":90},[47,79678,87],{"class":86},[47,79680,15021],{"class":9350},[47,79682,58],{"class":57},[47,79684,11337],{"class":82},[47,79686,286],{"class":86},[47,79688,79689],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79690,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79692,79693,79695,79697,79699],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79694,83],{"class":82},[47,79696,87],{"class":86},[47,79698,4294],{"class":90},[47,79700,286],{"class":86},[469,79702,79704],{"id":79703},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79706,79707],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,79709,79711],{"className":40,"code":79710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79712,79713,79747,79757,79761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79714,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79743,79745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79716,4251],{"class":53},[47,79718,58],{"class":57},[47,79720,3803],{"class":86},[47,79722,102],{"class":61},[47,79724,79725],{"class":65},"zebra",[47,79727,102],{"class":61},[47,79729,309],{"class":86},[47,79731,62],{"class":61},[47,79733,57938],{"class":65},[47,79735,102],{"class":61},[47,79737,309],{"class":86},[47,79739,62],{"class":61},[47,79741,79742],{"class":65},"monkey",[47,79744,102],{"class":61},[47,79746,3816],{"class":86},[47,79748,79749,79751,79753,79755],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79750,4294],{"class":53},[47,79752,94],{"class":86},[47,79754,34974],{"class":90},[47,79756,8817],{"class":86},[47,79758,79759],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79760,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,79762,79763,79765,79767,79769],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79764,83],{"class":82},[47,79766,87],{"class":86},[47,79768,4294],{"class":90},[47,79770,286],{"class":86},[20,79772,814],{},[38,79774,79776],{"className":40,"code":79775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79777,79778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79779,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79781,4080],{"class":86},[47,79783,3479],{"class":61},[47,79785,57938],{"class":65},[47,79787,3479],{"class":61},[47,79789,309],{"class":86},[47,79791,3474],{"class":61},[47,79793,79742],{"class":65},[47,79795,3479],{"class":61},[47,79797,309],{"class":86},[47,79799,3474],{"class":61},[47,79801,79725],{"class":65},[47,79803,3479],{"class":61},[47,79805,3816],{"class":86},[20,79807,144,79808,79810],{},[15,79809,78751],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[469,79812,60879],{"id":60878},[20,79814,79815],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,79817,79819],{"className":40,"code":79818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79820,79821,79831,79845,79859,79873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79822,79823,79825,79827,79829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79824,83],{"class":82},[47,79826,87],{"class":86},[47,79828,8515],{"class":90},[47,79830,286],{"class":86},[47,79832,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79834,83],{"class":82},[47,79836,87],{"class":86},[47,79838,1872],{"class":1570},[47,79840,87],{"class":86},[47,79842,8515],{"class":90},[47,79844,1879],{"class":86},[47,79846,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,79848,83],{"class":82},[47,79850,87],{"class":86},[47,79852,8515],{"class":90},[47,79854,94],{"class":86},[47,79856,34974],{"class":90},[47,79858,7370],{"class":86},[47,79860,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,79862,83],{"class":82},[47,79864,87],{"class":86},[47,79866,74681],{"class":82},[47,79868,87],{"class":86},[47,79870,8515],{"class":90},[47,79872,1879],{"class":86},[47,79874,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893,79895],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,79876,83],{"class":82},[47,79878,3163],{"class":86},[47,79880,1872],{"class":1570},[47,79882,87],{"class":86},[47,79884,23487],{"class":90},[47,79886,1696],{"class":86},[47,79888,4057],{"class":752},[47,79890,6140],{"class":90},[47,79892,1613],{"class":752},[47,79894,8571],{"class":90},[47,79896,4068],{"class":86},[20,79898,11346],{},[162,79900,79901,79904,79907,79914,79920],{},[165,79902,79903],{},"What values are in the list",[165,79905,79906],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[165,79908,79909,79910,2576,79912],{},"That ",[15,79911,64480],{},[15,79913,3958],{},[165,79915,79916,79917,79919],{},"Whether ",[15,79918,74591],{}," works better for your case",[165,79921,79922],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79924,79925,79926,79928],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79927,3182],{}," problems.",[149,79930,1962],{"id":1961},[469,79932,1966,79934,55638],{"id":79933},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79935,78033],{},[20,79937,62771,79938,94],{},[15,79939,3958],{},[469,79941,2032,79943,837,79945,2037],{"id":79942},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79944,64480],{},[15,79946,74591],{},[20,79948,79949,79951,79952,79954],{},[15,79950,64480],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79953,74591],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[469,79956,79958],{"id":79957},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79960,18873],{},[38,79962,79964],{"className":40,"code":79963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79965,79966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79967,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79969,8515],{"class":53},[47,79971,94],{"class":86},[47,79973,34974],{"class":90},[47,79975,87],{"class":86},[47,79977,73744],{"class":9350},[47,79979,58],{"class":57},[47,79981,31],{"class":4032},[47,79983,286],{"class":86},[469,79985,79987],{"id":79986},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79989,18873],{},[38,79991,79993],{"className":40,"code":79992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79994,79995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79996,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79998,8515],{"class":53},[47,80000,94],{"class":86},[47,80002,34974],{"class":90},[47,80004,87],{"class":86},[47,80006,15021],{"class":9350},[47,80008,58],{"class":57},[47,80010,3622],{"class":1570},[47,80012,94],{"class":86},[47,80014,1300],{"class":24927},[47,80016,286],{"class":86},[20,80018,80019],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[469,80021,80023,80024,80026],{"id":80022},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80025,3182],{}," when sorting?",[20,80028,80029],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[149,80031,2062],{"id":2061},[162,80033,80034,80039,80045,80049],{},[165,80035,80036],{},[455,80037,80038],{"href":78542},"How to sort a list in Python",[165,80040,80041],{},[455,80042,3755,80043,5962],{"href":74688},[15,80044,74591],{},[165,80046,80047],{},[455,80048,67245],{"href":51150},[165,80050,80051],{},[455,80052,79292],{"href":79291},[2093,80054,80055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":80057},[80058,80059,80061,80062,80063,80064,80066,80068,80079,80089],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":78099,"depth":72,"text":80060},"What list.sort() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":78354,"depth":72,"text":78355},{"id":78546,"depth":72,"text":78547},{"id":78868,"depth":72,"text":80065},"Using the key argument",{"id":79133,"depth":72,"text":80067},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":80069},[80070,80072,80073,80075,80077,80078],{"id":79302,"depth":79,"text":80071},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79411,"depth":79,"text":79412},{"id":79462,"depth":79,"text":80074},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79616,"depth":79,"text":80076},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79703,"depth":79,"text":79704},{"id":60878,"depth":79,"text":60879},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":80080},[80081,80083,80085,80086,80087],{"id":79933,"depth":79,"text":80082},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79942,"depth":79,"text":80084},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79957,"depth":79,"text":79958},{"id":79986,"depth":79,"text":79987},{"id":80022,"depth":79,"text":80088},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78021,"description":80090},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80097,"title":80098,"body":80099,"description":82730,"extension":2138,"meta":82731,"navigation":75,"path":82732,"seo":82733,"stem":82734,"__hash__":82735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80100,"toc":82689},[80101,80106,80111,80114,80125,80128,80148,80150,80212,80214,80255,80264,80269,80274,80280,80291,80293,80312,80315,80320,80325,80327,80332,80346,80348,80366,80369,80386,80389,80395,80418,80423,80425,80428,80489,80491,80524,80526,80565,80573,80583,80589,80594,80687,80689,80713,80715,80733,80736,80767,80773,80778,80781,80783,80908,80910,80934,80936,80955,80961,80967,81086,81088,81105,81112,81118,81123,81130,81136,81138,81195,81198,81219,81222,81225,81286,81288,81321,81325,81395,81397,81414,81418,81421,81496,81498,81535,81538,81541,81612,81614,81675,81680,81685,81688,81702,81704,81777,81779,81799,81802,81805,81862,81924,81927,81959,81962,81977,81982,81984,81990,81993,82049,82052,82054,82073,82077,82079,82123,82132,82134,82194,82198,82201,82203,82296,82298,82413,82417,82419,82493,82496,82499,82501,82506,82571,82573,82597,82607,82609,82615,82624,82633,82642,82648,82651,82655,82658,82660,82686],[10,80102,3755,80104,3759],{"id":80103},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80105,39891],{},[20,80107,3762,80108,80110],{},[15,80109,39891],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80112,80113],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[162,80115,80116,80119,80122],{},[165,80117,80118],{},"converting numbers to strings",[165,80120,80121],{},"changing strings to integers",[165,80123,80124],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80126,80127],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[162,80129,80130,80137,80143],{},[165,80131,80132,14233,80134,80136],{},[15,80133,39891],{},[3922,80135,4813],{}," return a list in Python 3",[165,80138,80139,80140],{},"it returns a ",[3922,80141,80142],{},"map object",[165,80144,80145,80146],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80147,24958],{},[149,80149,2179],{"id":2178},[38,80151,80153],{"className":40,"code":80152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80154,80155,80179,80198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80156,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80158,3798],{"class":53},[47,80160,58],{"class":57},[47,80162,3803],{"class":86},[47,80164,1598],{"class":445},[47,80166,309],{"class":86},[47,80168,1769],{"class":445},[47,80170,309],{"class":86},[47,80172,2630],{"class":445},[47,80174,309],{"class":86},[47,80176,912],{"class":445},[47,80178,3816],{"class":86},[47,80180,80181,80183,80185,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80182,2407],{"class":53},[47,80184,58],{"class":57},[47,80186,80187],{"class":82}," map",[47,80189,87],{"class":86},[47,80191,3622],{"class":1570},[47,80193,309],{"class":86},[47,80195,4444],{"class":90},[47,80197,286],{"class":86},[47,80199,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,80201,83],{"class":82},[47,80203,87],{"class":86},[47,80205,8269],{"class":1570},[47,80207,87],{"class":86},[47,80209,2442],{"class":90},[47,80211,1879],{"class":86},[20,80213,814],{},[38,80215,80217],{"className":40,"code":80216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80218,80219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80220,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80222,4080],{"class":86},[47,80224,3479],{"class":61},[47,80226,1598],{"class":65},[47,80228,3479],{"class":61},[47,80230,309],{"class":86},[47,80232,3474],{"class":61},[47,80234,2233],{"class":65},[47,80236,3479],{"class":61},[47,80238,309],{"class":86},[47,80240,3474],{"class":61},[47,80242,2239],{"class":65},[47,80244,3479],{"class":61},[47,80246,309],{"class":86},[47,80248,3474],{"class":61},[47,80250,2682],{"class":65},[47,80252,3479],{"class":61},[47,80254,3816],{"class":86},[20,80256,144,80257,80260,80261,80263],{},[15,80258,80259],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80262,24958],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[149,80265,152,80267,155],{"id":80266},"what-map-does",[15,80268,39891],{},[20,80270,80271,80273],{},[15,80272,39891],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80275,80276,80277,80279],{},"An ",[3922,80278,3899],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[162,80281,80282,80284,80286,80288],{},[165,80283,38076],{},[165,80285,38079],{},[165,80287,38082],{},[165,80289,80290],{},"a range object",[20,80292,30902],{},[38,80294,80296],{"className":40,"code":80295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80297,80298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80299,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80301,40034],{"class":82},[47,80303,87],{"class":86},[47,80305,38035],{"class":90},[47,80307,309],{"class":86},[47,80309,38040],{"class":90},[47,80311,286],{"class":86},[20,80313,80314],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80316,80317,80318,33917],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3922,80319,80142],{},[20,80321,80322,80323,94],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[455,80324,5317],{"href":5316},[149,80326,261],{"id":260},[20,80328,80329,80331],{},[15,80330,39891],{}," needs at least two parts:",[162,80333,80334,80340],{},[165,80335,80336,80339],{},[3922,80337,80338],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[165,80341,80342,80345],{},[3922,80343,80344],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80347,3884],{},[38,80349,80350],{"className":40,"code":80295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80351,80352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80353,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80355,40034],{"class":82},[47,80357,87],{"class":86},[47,80359,38035],{"class":90},[47,80361,309],{"class":86},[47,80363,38040],{"class":90},[47,80365,286],{"class":86},[20,80367,80368],{},"You can pass:",[162,80370,80371,80380,80383],{},[165,80372,80373,80374,2366,80376,2370,80378],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80375,3622],{},[15,80377,2365],{},[15,80379,2193],{},[165,80381,80382],{},"your own custom function",[165,80384,80385],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80387,80388],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80390,80391,80392,80394],{},"You will often see ",[15,80393,39891],{}," used like this:",[38,80396,80398],{"className":40,"code":80397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80399,80400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80401,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80403,8269],{"class":1570},[47,80405,87],{"class":86},[47,80407,40034],{"class":82},[47,80409,87],{"class":86},[47,80411,38035],{"class":90},[47,80413,309],{"class":86},[47,80415,4065],{"class":90},[47,80417,1879],{"class":86},[20,80419,6854,80420,80422],{},[15,80421,24958],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[149,80424,11651],{"id":11650},[20,80426,80427],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,80429,80431],{"className":40,"code":80430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80432,80433,80453,80471,80475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80434,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80436,3798],{"class":53},[47,80438,58],{"class":57},[47,80440,3803],{"class":86},[47,80442,2509],{"class":445},[47,80444,309],{"class":86},[47,80446,7966],{"class":445},[47,80448,309],{"class":86},[47,80450,7971],{"class":445},[47,80452,3816],{"class":86},[47,80454,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80456,2407],{"class":53},[47,80458,58],{"class":57},[47,80460,80187],{"class":82},[47,80462,87],{"class":86},[47,80464,3622],{"class":1570},[47,80466,309],{"class":86},[47,80468,4444],{"class":90},[47,80470,286],{"class":86},[47,80472,80473],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,80474,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80476,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,80478,83],{"class":82},[47,80480,87],{"class":86},[47,80482,8269],{"class":1570},[47,80484,87],{"class":86},[47,80486,2442],{"class":90},[47,80488,1879],{"class":86},[20,80490,814],{},[38,80492,80494],{"className":40,"code":80493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80495,80496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80497,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80499,4080],{"class":86},[47,80501,3479],{"class":61},[47,80503,2509],{"class":65},[47,80505,3479],{"class":61},[47,80507,309],{"class":86},[47,80509,3474],{"class":61},[47,80511,15934],{"class":65},[47,80513,3479],{"class":61},[47,80515,309],{"class":86},[47,80517,3474],{"class":61},[47,80519,37017],{"class":65},[47,80521,3479],{"class":61},[47,80523,3816],{"class":86},[20,80525,11860],{},[162,80527,80528,80533,80541,80549,80557],{},[165,80529,80530,80532],{},[15,80531,3830],{}," contains integers",[165,80534,80535,80538,80539],{},[15,80536,80537],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80540,47857],{},[165,80542,80543,42330,80546],{},[15,80544,80545],{},"str(10)",[15,80547,80548],{},"'10'",[165,80550,80551,42330,80554],{},[15,80552,80553],{},"str(20)",[15,80555,80556],{},"'20'",[165,80558,80559,42330,80562],{},[15,80560,80561],{},"str(30)",[15,80563,80564],{},"'30'",[20,80566,53823,80567,80569,80570,80572],{},[15,80568,39891],{}," applies ",[15,80571,47857],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80574,80575,80576,80578,80579,94],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80577,24958],{}," better, see ",[455,80580,3755,80581,3688],{"href":65016},[15,80582,24958],{},[149,80584,831,80586,80588],{"id":80585},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80587,39891],{}," with your own function",[20,80590,15894,80591,80593],{},[15,80592,39891],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,80595,80597],{"className":40,"code":80596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80598,80599,80612,80622,80626,80650,80669,80673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80600,80601,80603,80606,80608,80610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80602,35026],{"class":2242},[47,80604,80605],{"class":35029}," double",[47,80607,87],{"class":86},[47,80609,2350],{"class":37837},[47,80611,771],{"class":86},[47,80613,80614,80616,80618,80620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80615,35037],{"class":752},[47,80617,4060],{"class":53},[47,80619,40047],{"class":57},[47,80621,45762],{"class":445},[47,80623,80624],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,80625,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80627,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,80629,3798],{"class":53},[47,80631,58],{"class":57},[47,80633,3803],{"class":86},[47,80635,1598],{"class":445},[47,80637,309],{"class":86},[47,80639,1769],{"class":445},[47,80641,309],{"class":86},[47,80643,2630],{"class":445},[47,80645,309],{"class":86},[47,80647,912],{"class":445},[47,80649,3816],{"class":86},[47,80651,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80663,80665,80667],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,80653,2407],{"class":53},[47,80655,58],{"class":57},[47,80657,80187],{"class":82},[47,80659,87],{"class":86},[47,80661,80662],{"class":90},"double",[47,80664,309],{"class":86},[47,80666,4444],{"class":90},[47,80668,286],{"class":86},[47,80670,80671],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,80672,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80674,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,80676,83],{"class":82},[47,80678,87],{"class":86},[47,80680,8269],{"class":1570},[47,80682,87],{"class":86},[47,80684,2442],{"class":90},[47,80686,1879],{"class":86},[20,80688,814],{},[38,80690,80691],{"className":40,"code":40060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80692,80693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80694,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80696,4080],{"class":86},[47,80698,2233],{"class":445},[47,80700,309],{"class":86},[47,80702,912],{"class":445},[47,80704,309],{"class":86},[47,80706,446],{"class":445},[47,80708,309],{"class":86},[47,80710,943],{"class":445},[47,80712,3816],{"class":86},[20,80714,65752],{},[162,80716,80717,80724,80730],{},[165,80718,80719,80721,80722],{},[15,80720,39891],{}," takes the function ",[15,80723,80662],{},[165,80725,80726,80727,80729],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80728,3830],{}," into that function",[165,80731,80732],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80734,80735],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[162,80737,80738,80745,80752,80760],{},[165,80739,80740,6252,80743],{},[15,80741,80742],{},"double(1)",[15,80744,2233],{},[165,80746,80747,6252,80750],{},[15,80748,80749],{},"double(2)",[15,80751,2682],{},[165,80753,80754,6252,80757],{},[15,80755,80756],{},"double(3)",[15,80758,80759],{},"6",[165,80761,80762,6252,80765],{},[15,80763,80764],{},"double(4)",[15,80766,2524],{},[149,80768,831,80770,80772],{"id":80769},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80771,39891],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80774,80775,80777],{},[15,80776,39891],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80779,80780],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80782,183],{},[38,80784,80786],{"className":40,"code":80785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80787,80788,80805,80815,80819,80840,80861,80865,80890,80894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80789,80790,80792,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80791,35026],{"class":2242},[47,80793,80794],{"class":35029}," add_numbers",[47,80796,87],{"class":86},[47,80798,455],{"class":37837},[47,80800,309],{"class":86},[47,80802,2737],{"class":37837},[47,80804,771],{"class":86},[47,80806,80807,80809,80811,80813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80808,35037],{"class":752},[47,80810,44717],{"class":53},[47,80812,2236],{"class":57},[47,80814,36357],{"class":53},[47,80816,80817],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,80818,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80820,80821,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,80822,80823],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80825,58],{"class":57},[47,80827,3803],{"class":86},[47,80829,1598],{"class":445},[47,80831,309],{"class":86},[47,80833,1769],{"class":445},[47,80835,309],{"class":86},[47,80837,2630],{"class":445},[47,80839,3816],{"class":86},[47,80841,80842,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,80843,80844],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80846,58],{"class":57},[47,80848,3803],{"class":86},[47,80850,2509],{"class":445},[47,80852,309],{"class":86},[47,80854,7966],{"class":445},[47,80856,309],{"class":86},[47,80858,7971],{"class":445},[47,80860,3816],{"class":86},[47,80862,80863],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,80864,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80866,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80878,80880,80883,80885,80888],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,80868,2407],{"class":53},[47,80870,58],{"class":57},[47,80872,80187],{"class":82},[47,80874,87],{"class":86},[47,80876,80877],{"class":90},"add_numbers",[47,80879,309],{"class":86},[47,80881,80882],{"class":90}," list1",[47,80884,309],{"class":86},[47,80886,80887],{"class":90}," list2",[47,80889,286],{"class":86},[47,80891,80892],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,80893,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,80895,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,80897,83],{"class":82},[47,80899,87],{"class":86},[47,80901,8269],{"class":1570},[47,80903,87],{"class":86},[47,80905,2442],{"class":90},[47,80907,1879],{"class":86},[20,80909,814],{},[38,80911,80913],{"className":40,"code":80912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80914,80915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80916,80917,80919,80922,80924,80927,80929,80932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80918,4080],{"class":86},[47,80920,80921],{"class":445},"11",[47,80923,309],{"class":86},[47,80925,80926],{"class":445}," 22",[47,80928,309],{"class":86},[47,80930,80931],{"class":445}," 33",[47,80933,3816],{"class":86},[20,80935,2355],{},[162,80937,80938,80944,80950],{},[165,80939,80940,80941],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80942,80943],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[165,80945,80946,80947],{},"then ",[15,80948,80949],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[165,80951,80946,80952],{},[15,80953,80954],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[469,80956,80958,80960],{"id":80957},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80959,39891],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80962,80963,80964,80966],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80965,39891],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,80968,80970],{"className":40,"code":80969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80971,80972,80988,80998,81002,81026,81042,81046,81068,81072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80973,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80975,35026],{"class":2242},[47,80977,80794],{"class":35029},[47,80979,87],{"class":86},[47,80981,455],{"class":37837},[47,80983,309],{"class":86},[47,80985,2737],{"class":37837},[47,80987,771],{"class":86},[47,80989,80990,80992,80994,80996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80991,35037],{"class":752},[47,80993,44717],{"class":53},[47,80995,2236],{"class":57},[47,80997,36357],{"class":53},[47,80999,81000],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81001,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81003,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81005,80823],{"class":53},[47,81007,58],{"class":57},[47,81009,3803],{"class":86},[47,81011,1598],{"class":445},[47,81013,309],{"class":86},[47,81015,1769],{"class":445},[47,81017,309],{"class":86},[47,81019,2630],{"class":445},[47,81021,309],{"class":86},[47,81023,912],{"class":445},[47,81025,3816],{"class":86},[47,81027,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,81029,80844],{"class":53},[47,81031,58],{"class":57},[47,81033,3803],{"class":86},[47,81035,2509],{"class":445},[47,81037,309],{"class":86},[47,81039,7966],{"class":445},[47,81041,3816],{"class":86},[47,81043,81044],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,81045,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81047,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,81049,2407],{"class":53},[47,81051,58],{"class":57},[47,81053,80187],{"class":82},[47,81055,87],{"class":86},[47,81057,80877],{"class":90},[47,81059,309],{"class":86},[47,81061,80882],{"class":90},[47,81063,309],{"class":86},[47,81065,80887],{"class":90},[47,81067,286],{"class":86},[47,81069,81070],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,81071,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,81075,83],{"class":82},[47,81077,87],{"class":86},[47,81079,8269],{"class":1570},[47,81081,87],{"class":86},[47,81083,2442],{"class":90},[47,81085,1879],{"class":86},[20,81087,814],{},[38,81089,81091],{"className":40,"code":81090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81092,81093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81094,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81096,4080],{"class":86},[47,81098,80921],{"class":445},[47,81100,309],{"class":86},[47,81102,80926],{"class":445},[47,81104,3816],{"class":86},[20,81106,81107,81108,81111],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81109,81110],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[149,81113,81115,81117],{"id":81114},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81116,39891],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81119,38198,81120,81122],{},[15,81121,39891],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81124,81125,81126,81129],{},"This object is ",[3922,81127,81128],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[469,81131,2666,81133,81135],{"id":81132},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81134,33202],{}," looks strange",[20,81137,33818],{},[38,81139,81141],{"className":40,"code":81140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81142,81143,81163,81181,81185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81144,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81146,3798],{"class":53},[47,81148,58],{"class":57},[47,81150,3803],{"class":86},[47,81152,1598],{"class":445},[47,81154,309],{"class":86},[47,81156,1769],{"class":445},[47,81158,309],{"class":86},[47,81160,2630],{"class":445},[47,81162,3816],{"class":86},[47,81164,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81166,2407],{"class":53},[47,81168,58],{"class":57},[47,81170,80187],{"class":82},[47,81172,87],{"class":86},[47,81174,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81176,309],{"class":86},[47,81178,4444],{"class":90},[47,81180,286],{"class":86},[47,81182,81183],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81184,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81186,81187,81189,81191,81193],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81188,83],{"class":82},[47,81190,87],{"class":86},[47,81192,2442],{"class":90},[47,81194,286],{"class":86},[20,81196,81197],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,81199,81201],{"className":40,"code":81200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81202,81203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81206,3468],{"class":57},[47,81208,40034],{"class":82},[47,81210,24794],{"class":1570},[47,81212,37539],{"class":53},[47,81214,37543],{"class":37542},[47,81216,37546],{"class":34629},[47,81218,3482],{"class":57},[20,81220,81221],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81223,81224],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,81226,81228],{"className":40,"code":81227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81229,81230,81250,81268,81272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81231,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81233,3798],{"class":53},[47,81235,58],{"class":57},[47,81237,3803],{"class":86},[47,81239,1598],{"class":445},[47,81241,309],{"class":86},[47,81243,1769],{"class":445},[47,81245,309],{"class":86},[47,81247,2630],{"class":445},[47,81249,3816],{"class":86},[47,81251,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81253,2407],{"class":53},[47,81255,58],{"class":57},[47,81257,80187],{"class":82},[47,81259,87],{"class":86},[47,81261,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81263,309],{"class":86},[47,81265,4444],{"class":90},[47,81267,286],{"class":86},[47,81269,81270],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81271,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81273,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81275,83],{"class":82},[47,81277,87],{"class":86},[47,81279,8269],{"class":1570},[47,81281,87],{"class":86},[47,81283,2442],{"class":90},[47,81285,1879],{"class":86},[20,81287,814],{},[38,81289,81291],{"className":40,"code":81290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81292,81293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81294,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81296,4080],{"class":86},[47,81298,3479],{"class":61},[47,81300,1598],{"class":65},[47,81302,3479],{"class":61},[47,81304,309],{"class":86},[47,81306,3474],{"class":61},[47,81308,2233],{"class":65},[47,81310,3479],{"class":61},[47,81312,309],{"class":86},[47,81314,3474],{"class":61},[47,81316,2239],{"class":65},[47,81318,3479],{"class":61},[47,81320,3816],{"class":86},[469,81322,81324],{"id":81323},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,81326,81328],{"className":40,"code":81327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81329,81330,81350,81368,81372,81385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81333,3798],{"class":53},[47,81335,58],{"class":57},[47,81337,3803],{"class":86},[47,81339,1598],{"class":445},[47,81341,309],{"class":86},[47,81343,1769],{"class":445},[47,81345,309],{"class":86},[47,81347,2630],{"class":445},[47,81349,3816],{"class":86},[47,81351,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81353,2407],{"class":53},[47,81355,58],{"class":57},[47,81357,80187],{"class":82},[47,81359,87],{"class":86},[47,81361,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81363,309],{"class":86},[47,81365,4444],{"class":90},[47,81367,286],{"class":86},[47,81369,81370],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81371,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81373,81374,81376,81378,81380,81383],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81375,6137],{"class":752},[47,81377,6140],{"class":53},[47,81379,1613],{"class":752},[47,81381,81382],{"class":53}," result",[47,81384,795],{"class":86},[47,81386,81387,81389,81391,81393],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,81388,776],{"class":82},[47,81390,87],{"class":86},[47,81392,23487],{"class":90},[47,81394,286],{"class":86},[20,81396,814],{},[38,81398,81400],{"className":40,"code":81399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81401,81402,81406,81410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81403,81404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81405,47090],{"class":445},[47,81407,81408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81409,17235],{"class":445},[47,81411,81412],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81413,46790],{"class":445},[469,81415,81417],{"id":81416},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81419,81420],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,81422,81424],{"className":40,"code":81423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81425,81426,81446,81464,81468,81482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81427,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81429,3798],{"class":53},[47,81431,58],{"class":57},[47,81433,3803],{"class":86},[47,81435,1598],{"class":445},[47,81437,309],{"class":86},[47,81439,1769],{"class":445},[47,81441,309],{"class":86},[47,81443,2630],{"class":445},[47,81445,3816],{"class":86},[47,81447,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81449,2407],{"class":53},[47,81451,58],{"class":57},[47,81453,80187],{"class":82},[47,81455,87],{"class":86},[47,81457,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81459,309],{"class":86},[47,81461,4444],{"class":90},[47,81463,286],{"class":86},[47,81465,81466],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81467,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81471,83],{"class":82},[47,81473,87],{"class":86},[47,81475,8269],{"class":1570},[47,81477,87],{"class":86},[47,81479,2442],{"class":90},[47,81481,1879],{"class":86},[47,81483,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,81485,83],{"class":82},[47,81487,87],{"class":86},[47,81489,8269],{"class":1570},[47,81491,87],{"class":86},[47,81493,2442],{"class":90},[47,81495,1879],{"class":86},[20,81497,814],{},[38,81499,81501],{"className":40,"code":81500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81502,81503,81531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81506,4080],{"class":86},[47,81508,3479],{"class":61},[47,81510,1598],{"class":65},[47,81512,3479],{"class":61},[47,81514,309],{"class":86},[47,81516,3474],{"class":61},[47,81518,2233],{"class":65},[47,81520,3479],{"class":61},[47,81522,309],{"class":86},[47,81524,3474],{"class":61},[47,81526,2239],{"class":65},[47,81528,3479],{"class":61},[47,81530,3816],{"class":86},[47,81532,81533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81534,38472],{"class":86},[20,81536,81537],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81539,81540],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,81542,81544],{"className":40,"code":81543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81545,81546,81566,81588,81592,81602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81547,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81549,3798],{"class":53},[47,81551,58],{"class":57},[47,81553,3803],{"class":86},[47,81555,1598],{"class":445},[47,81557,309],{"class":86},[47,81559,1769],{"class":445},[47,81561,309],{"class":86},[47,81563,2630],{"class":445},[47,81565,3816],{"class":86},[47,81567,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81569,2407],{"class":53},[47,81571,58],{"class":57},[47,81573,22737],{"class":1570},[47,81575,87],{"class":86},[47,81577,40034],{"class":82},[47,81579,87],{"class":86},[47,81581,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81583,309],{"class":86},[47,81585,4444],{"class":90},[47,81587,1879],{"class":86},[47,81589,81590],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81591,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81595,83],{"class":82},[47,81597,87],{"class":86},[47,81599,2442],{"class":90},[47,81601,286],{"class":86},[47,81603,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,81605,83],{"class":82},[47,81607,87],{"class":86},[47,81609,2442],{"class":90},[47,81611,286],{"class":86},[20,81613,814],{},[38,81615,81617],{"className":40,"code":81616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81618,81619,81647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81620,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81622,4080],{"class":86},[47,81624,3479],{"class":61},[47,81626,1598],{"class":65},[47,81628,3479],{"class":61},[47,81630,309],{"class":86},[47,81632,3474],{"class":61},[47,81634,2233],{"class":65},[47,81636,3479],{"class":61},[47,81638,309],{"class":86},[47,81640,3474],{"class":61},[47,81642,2239],{"class":65},[47,81644,3479],{"class":61},[47,81646,3816],{"class":86},[47,81648,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81650,4080],{"class":86},[47,81652,3479],{"class":61},[47,81654,1598],{"class":65},[47,81656,3479],{"class":61},[47,81658,309],{"class":86},[47,81660,3474],{"class":61},[47,81662,2233],{"class":65},[47,81664,3479],{"class":61},[47,81666,309],{"class":86},[47,81668,3474],{"class":61},[47,81670,2239],{"class":65},[47,81672,3479],{"class":61},[47,81674,3816],{"class":86},[149,81676,1321,81678],{"id":81677},"when-to-use-map",[15,81679,39891],{},[20,81681,81682,81684],{},[15,81683,39891],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81686,81687],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[162,81689,81690,81694,81698],{},[165,81691,81692],{},[15,81693,3622],{},[165,81695,81696],{},[15,81697,2365],{},[165,81699,81700],{},[15,81701,2193],{},[20,81703,183],{},[38,81705,81707],{"className":40,"code":81706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81708,81709,81741,81763,81767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81710,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81712,4003],{"class":53},[47,81714,58],{"class":57},[47,81716,3803],{"class":86},[47,81718,3479],{"class":61},[47,81720,1598],{"class":65},[47,81722,3479],{"class":61},[47,81724,309],{"class":86},[47,81726,3474],{"class":61},[47,81728,2233],{"class":65},[47,81730,3479],{"class":61},[47,81732,309],{"class":86},[47,81734,3474],{"class":61},[47,81736,2239],{"class":65},[47,81738,3479],{"class":61},[47,81740,3816],{"class":86},[47,81742,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81744,3798],{"class":53},[47,81746,58],{"class":57},[47,81748,22737],{"class":1570},[47,81750,87],{"class":86},[47,81752,40034],{"class":82},[47,81754,87],{"class":86},[47,81756,2365],{"class":1570},[47,81758,309],{"class":86},[47,81760,4065],{"class":90},[47,81762,1879],{"class":86},[47,81764,81765],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81766,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,81768,81769,81771,81773,81775],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,81770,83],{"class":82},[47,81772,87],{"class":86},[47,81774,3830],{"class":90},[47,81776,286],{"class":86},[20,81778,814],{},[38,81780,81781],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81782,81783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81784,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81786,4080],{"class":86},[47,81788,1598],{"class":445},[47,81790,309],{"class":86},[47,81792,1769],{"class":445},[47,81794,309],{"class":86},[47,81796,2630],{"class":445},[47,81798,3816],{"class":86},[20,81800,81801],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81803,81804],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,81806,81808],{"className":40,"code":81807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81809,81810,81830,81852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81811,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81813,3798],{"class":53},[47,81815,58],{"class":57},[47,81817,3803],{"class":86},[47,81819,1598],{"class":445},[47,81821,309],{"class":86},[47,81823,1769],{"class":445},[47,81825,309],{"class":86},[47,81827,2630],{"class":445},[47,81829,3816],{"class":86},[47,81831,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81833,2407],{"class":53},[47,81835,58],{"class":57},[47,81837,22737],{"class":1570},[47,81839,87],{"class":86},[47,81841,40034],{"class":82},[47,81843,87],{"class":86},[47,81845,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81847,309],{"class":86},[47,81849,4444],{"class":90},[47,81851,1879],{"class":86},[47,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81855,83],{"class":82},[47,81857,87],{"class":86},[47,81859,2442],{"class":90},[47,81861,286],{"class":86},[38,81863,81865],{"className":40,"code":81864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81866,81867,81887,81914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81868,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81870,3798],{"class":53},[47,81872,58],{"class":57},[47,81874,3803],{"class":86},[47,81876,1598],{"class":445},[47,81878,309],{"class":86},[47,81880,1769],{"class":445},[47,81882,309],{"class":86},[47,81884,2630],{"class":445},[47,81886,3816],{"class":86},[47,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81908,81910,81912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81890,2407],{"class":53},[47,81892,58],{"class":57},[47,81894,3803],{"class":86},[47,81896,3622],{"class":1570},[47,81898,87],{"class":86},[47,81900,76196],{"class":90},[47,81902,1696],{"class":86},[47,81904,4057],{"class":752},[47,81906,81907],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81909,1613],{"class":752},[47,81911,4444],{"class":53},[47,81913,3816],{"class":86},[47,81915,81916,81918,81920,81922],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,81917,83],{"class":82},[47,81919,87],{"class":86},[47,81921,2442],{"class":90},[47,81923,286],{"class":86},[20,81925,81926],{},"Both produce:",[38,81928,81929],{"className":40,"code":81290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81930,81931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81932,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81934,4080],{"class":86},[47,81936,3479],{"class":61},[47,81938,1598],{"class":65},[47,81940,3479],{"class":61},[47,81942,309],{"class":86},[47,81944,3474],{"class":61},[47,81946,2233],{"class":65},[47,81948,3479],{"class":61},[47,81950,309],{"class":86},[47,81952,3474],{"class":61},[47,81954,2239],{"class":65},[47,81956,3479],{"class":61},[47,81958,3816],{"class":86},[20,81960,81961],{},"A simple rule:",[162,81963,81964,81969,81974],{},[165,81965,40165,81966,81968],{},[15,81967,39891],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[165,81970,40171,81971,81973],{},[15,81972,6137],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[165,81975,81976],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81978,81979,81980,94],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[455,81981,4574],{"href":4573},[149,81983,4700],{"id":4699},[469,81985,81987,81988],{"id":81986},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81989,24958],{},[20,81991,81992],{},"This is very common:",[38,81994,81995],{"className":40,"code":81140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81996,81997,82017,82035,82039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81998,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82000,3798],{"class":53},[47,82002,58],{"class":57},[47,82004,3803],{"class":86},[47,82006,1598],{"class":445},[47,82008,309],{"class":86},[47,82010,1769],{"class":445},[47,82012,309],{"class":86},[47,82014,2630],{"class":445},[47,82016,3816],{"class":86},[47,82018,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82020,2407],{"class":53},[47,82022,58],{"class":57},[47,82024,80187],{"class":82},[47,82026,87],{"class":86},[47,82028,3622],{"class":1570},[47,82030,309],{"class":86},[47,82032,4444],{"class":90},[47,82034,286],{"class":86},[47,82036,82037],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82038,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82040,82041,82043,82045,82047],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82042,83],{"class":82},[47,82044,87],{"class":86},[47,82046,2442],{"class":90},[47,82048,286],{"class":86},[20,82050,82051],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82053,1482],{},[38,82055,82057],{"className":40,"code":82056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82058,82059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82060,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82062,83],{"class":82},[47,82064,87],{"class":86},[47,82066,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82068,87],{"class":86},[47,82070,2442],{"class":90},[47,82072,1879],{"class":86},[469,82074,82076],{"id":82075},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82078,1783],{},[38,82080,82082],{"className":40,"code":82081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82083,82084,82104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82085,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82087,3798],{"class":53},[47,82089,58],{"class":57},[47,82091,3803],{"class":86},[47,82093,1598],{"class":445},[47,82095,309],{"class":86},[47,82097,1769],{"class":445},[47,82099,309],{"class":86},[47,82101,2630],{"class":445},[47,82103,3816],{"class":86},[47,82105,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116,82119,82121],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82107,2407],{"class":53},[47,82109,58],{"class":57},[47,82111,80187],{"class":82},[47,82113,87],{"class":86},[47,82115,3622],{"class":1570},[47,82117,82118],{"class":86},"(),",[47,82120,4444],{"class":90},[47,82122,286],{"class":86},[20,82124,82125,82126,82128,82129,82131],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82127,47857],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82130,39891],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82133,1795],{},[38,82135,82136],{"className":40,"code":81227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82137,82138,82158,82176,82180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82139,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82141,3798],{"class":53},[47,82143,58],{"class":57},[47,82145,3803],{"class":86},[47,82147,1598],{"class":445},[47,82149,309],{"class":86},[47,82151,1769],{"class":445},[47,82153,309],{"class":86},[47,82155,2630],{"class":445},[47,82157,3816],{"class":86},[47,82159,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82161,2407],{"class":53},[47,82163,58],{"class":57},[47,82165,80187],{"class":82},[47,82167,87],{"class":86},[47,82169,3622],{"class":1570},[47,82171,309],{"class":86},[47,82173,4444],{"class":90},[47,82175,286],{"class":86},[47,82177,82178],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82179,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82181,82182,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82183,83],{"class":82},[47,82185,87],{"class":86},[47,82187,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82189,87],{"class":86},[47,82191,2442],{"class":90},[47,82193,1879],{"class":86},[469,82195,82197],{"id":82196},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82199,82200],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82202,1783],{},[38,82204,82206],{"className":40,"code":82205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82207,82208,82225,82235,82239,82259,82278,82282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82209,82210,82212,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82211,35026],{"class":2242},[47,82213,82214],{"class":35029}," add",[47,82216,87],{"class":86},[47,82218,455],{"class":37837},[47,82220,309],{"class":86},[47,82222,2737],{"class":37837},[47,82224,771],{"class":86},[47,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82228,35037],{"class":752},[47,82230,44717],{"class":53},[47,82232,2236],{"class":57},[47,82234,36357],{"class":53},[47,82236,82237],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82238,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82242,3798],{"class":53},[47,82244,58],{"class":57},[47,82246,3803],{"class":86},[47,82248,1598],{"class":445},[47,82250,309],{"class":86},[47,82252,1769],{"class":445},[47,82254,309],{"class":86},[47,82256,2630],{"class":445},[47,82258,3816],{"class":86},[47,82260,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82272,82274,82276],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,82262,2407],{"class":53},[47,82264,58],{"class":57},[47,82266,80187],{"class":82},[47,82268,87],{"class":86},[47,82270,82271],{"class":90},"add",[47,82273,309],{"class":86},[47,82275,4444],{"class":90},[47,82277,286],{"class":86},[47,82279,82280],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,82281,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82283,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,82285,83],{"class":82},[47,82287,87],{"class":86},[47,82289,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82291,87],{"class":86},[47,82293,2442],{"class":90},[47,82295,1879],{"class":86},[20,82297,1795],{},[38,82299,82301],{"className":40,"code":82300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82302,82303,82319,82329,82333,82353,82373,82395,82399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82304,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82306,35026],{"class":2242},[47,82308,82214],{"class":35029},[47,82310,87],{"class":86},[47,82312,455],{"class":37837},[47,82314,309],{"class":86},[47,82316,2737],{"class":37837},[47,82318,771],{"class":86},[47,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82322,35037],{"class":752},[47,82324,44717],{"class":53},[47,82326,2236],{"class":57},[47,82328,36357],{"class":53},[47,82330,82331],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82332,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82334,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82336,80823],{"class":53},[47,82338,58],{"class":57},[47,82340,3803],{"class":86},[47,82342,1598],{"class":445},[47,82344,309],{"class":86},[47,82346,1769],{"class":445},[47,82348,309],{"class":86},[47,82350,2630],{"class":445},[47,82352,3816],{"class":86},[47,82354,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,82356,80844],{"class":53},[47,82358,58],{"class":57},[47,82360,3803],{"class":86},[47,82362,2509],{"class":445},[47,82364,309],{"class":86},[47,82366,7966],{"class":445},[47,82368,309],{"class":86},[47,82370,7971],{"class":445},[47,82372,3816],{"class":86},[47,82374,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,82376,2407],{"class":53},[47,82378,58],{"class":57},[47,82380,80187],{"class":82},[47,82382,87],{"class":86},[47,82384,82271],{"class":90},[47,82386,309],{"class":86},[47,82388,80882],{"class":90},[47,82390,309],{"class":86},[47,82392,80887],{"class":90},[47,82394,286],{"class":86},[47,82396,82397],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,82398,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82400,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,82402,83],{"class":82},[47,82404,87],{"class":86},[47,82406,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82408,87],{"class":86},[47,82410,2442],{"class":90},[47,82412,1879],{"class":86},[469,82414,82416],{"id":82415},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82418,1783],{},[38,82420,82421],{"className":40,"code":81423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82422,82423,82443,82461,82465,82479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82424,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82426,3798],{"class":53},[47,82428,58],{"class":57},[47,82430,3803],{"class":86},[47,82432,1598],{"class":445},[47,82434,309],{"class":86},[47,82436,1769],{"class":445},[47,82438,309],{"class":86},[47,82440,2630],{"class":445},[47,82442,3816],{"class":86},[47,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82446,2407],{"class":53},[47,82448,58],{"class":57},[47,82450,80187],{"class":82},[47,82452,87],{"class":86},[47,82454,3622],{"class":1570},[47,82456,309],{"class":86},[47,82458,4444],{"class":90},[47,82460,286],{"class":86},[47,82462,82463],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82464,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82466,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82468,83],{"class":82},[47,82470,87],{"class":86},[47,82472,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82474,87],{"class":86},[47,82476,2442],{"class":90},[47,82478,1879],{"class":86},[47,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,82482,83],{"class":82},[47,82484,87],{"class":86},[47,82486,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82488,87],{"class":86},[47,82490,2442],{"class":90},[47,82492,1879],{"class":86},[20,82494,82495],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82497,82498],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[149,82500,68063],{"id":68062},[20,82502,9049,82503,82505],{},[15,82504,39891],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,82507,82509],{"className":40,"code":82508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82510,82511,82521,82535,82549,82561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82512,82513,82515,82517,82519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82514,83],{"class":82},[47,82516,87],{"class":86},[47,82518,2442],{"class":90},[47,82520,286],{"class":86},[47,82522,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82524,83],{"class":82},[47,82526,87],{"class":86},[47,82528,8269],{"class":1570},[47,82530,87],{"class":86},[47,82532,2442],{"class":90},[47,82534,1879],{"class":86},[47,82536,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82538,83],{"class":82},[47,82540,87],{"class":86},[47,82542,1872],{"class":1570},[47,82544,87],{"class":86},[47,82546,2442],{"class":90},[47,82548,1879],{"class":86},[47,82550,82551,82553,82555,82557,82559],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82552,6137],{"class":752},[47,82554,6140],{"class":53},[47,82556,1613],{"class":752},[47,82558,81382],{"class":53},[47,82560,795],{"class":86},[47,82562,82563,82565,82567,82569],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,82564,776],{"class":82},[47,82566,87],{"class":86},[47,82568,23487],{"class":90},[47,82570,286],{"class":86},[20,82572,12850],{},[162,82574,82575,82580,82585,82591],{},[165,82576,82577,82579],{},[15,82578,33202],{}," shows that you have a map object",[165,82581,82582,82584],{},[15,82583,33210],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[165,82586,82587,82590],{},[15,82588,82589],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[165,82592,82593,82594,82596],{},"looping over ",[15,82595,2442],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82598,82599,82600,82603,82604,82606],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82601,82602],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82605,6137],{}," loop consume the map object.",[149,82608,1962],{"id":1961},[469,82610,1966,82612,82614],{"id":82611},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82613,39891],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82616,82617,82618,82620,82621,24115],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82619,39891],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82622,82623],{},"list(map(...))",[469,82625,2022,82627,82629,82630,82632],{"id":82626},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82628,39891],{}," better than a ",[15,82631,6137],{}," loop?",[20,82634,82635,82636,82638,82639,82641],{},"Not always. ",[15,82637,39891],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82640,6137],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[469,82643,1980,82645,82647],{"id":82644},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82646,39891],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82649,82650],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[469,82652,82654],{"id":82653},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82656,82657],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[149,82659,2062],{"id":2061},[162,82661,82662,82668,82674,82678,82682],{},[165,82663,82664],{},[455,82665,3755,82666,3688],{"href":40260},[15,82667,37751],{},[165,82669,82670],{},[455,82671,3755,82672,3688],{"href":65016},[15,82673,24958],{},[165,82675,82676],{},[455,82677,5400],{"href":5312},[165,82679,82680],{},[455,82681,5405],{"href":4573},[165,82683,82684],{},[455,82685,5395],{"href":5316},[2093,82687,82688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":82690},[82691,82692,82694,82695,82696,82698,82703,82710,82712,82719,82720,82729],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":80266,"depth":72,"text":82693},"What map() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":80585,"depth":72,"text":82697},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80769,"depth":72,"text":82699,"children":82700},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82701],{"id":80957,"depth":79,"text":82702},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81114,"depth":72,"text":82704,"children":82705},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82706,82708,82709],{"id":81132,"depth":79,"text":82707},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81323,"depth":79,"text":81324},{"id":81416,"depth":79,"text":81417},{"id":81677,"depth":72,"text":82711},"When to use map()",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":82713},[82714,82716,82717,82718],{"id":81986,"depth":79,"text":82715},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82075,"depth":79,"text":82076},{"id":82196,"depth":79,"text":82197},{"id":82415,"depth":79,"text":82416},{"id":68062,"depth":72,"text":68063},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":82721},[82722,82724,82726,82728],{"id":82611,"depth":79,"text":82723},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82626,"depth":79,"text":82725},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82644,"depth":79,"text":82727},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82653,"depth":79,"text":82654},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80098,"description":82730},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82737,"title":82738,"body":82739,"description":84759,"extension":2138,"meta":84760,"navigation":75,"path":84761,"seo":84762,"stem":84763,"__hash__":84764},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82740,"toc":84717},[82741,82747,82752,82755,82763,82766,82768,82892,82894,82912,82914,82934,82939,82943,82957,82960,82963,82965,82970,83082,83085,83103,83109,83112,83174,83176,83185,83188,83202,83204,83252,83254,83263,83273,83279,83282,83309,83311,83319,83322,83325,83395,83397,83405,83408,83413,83418,83469,83471,83479,83482,83484,83501,83503,83555,83558,83564,83568,83573,83576,83580,83639,83641,83650,83656,83665,83669,83732,83734,83742,83747,83751,83756,83836,83838,83847,83854,83859,83864,83867,83902,83904,83912,83915,83921,83923,83973,83975,83984,83987,84005,84007,84012,84018,84025,84052,84054,84077,84082,84117,84122,84128,84133,84176,84179,84182,84221,84228,84234,84239,84254,84258,84265,84268,84272,84277,84281,84286,84288,84349,84351,84380,84385,84392,84401,84403,84406,84431,84433,84536,84539,84557,84566,84568,84573,84576,84582,84585,84587,84597,84603,84607,84665,84672,84680,84682,84714],[10,82742,3755,82744,3759],{"id":82743},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82745,82746],{},"max()",[20,82748,9297,82749,82751],{},[15,82750,82746],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82753,82754],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[162,82756,82757,82760],{},[165,82758,82759],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[165,82761,82762],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82764,82765],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[149,82767,2179],{"id":2178},[38,82769,82771],{"className":40,"code":82770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82772,82773,82797,82812,82816,82842,82846,82878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82774,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82776,3798],{"class":53},[47,82778,58],{"class":57},[47,82780,3803],{"class":86},[47,82782,2239],{"class":445},[47,82784,309],{"class":86},[47,82786,943],{"class":445},[47,82788,309],{"class":86},[47,82790,1769],{"class":445},[47,82792,309],{"class":86},[47,82794,4787],{"class":445},[47,82796,3816],{"class":86},[47,82798,82799,82801,82803,82806,82808,82810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82800,83],{"class":82},[47,82802,87],{"class":86},[47,82804,82805],{"class":82},"max",[47,82807,87],{"class":86},[47,82809,3830],{"class":90},[47,82811,1879],{"class":86},[47,82813,82814],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82815,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82817,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,82819,83],{"class":82},[47,82821,87],{"class":86},[47,82823,82805],{"class":82},[47,82825,87],{"class":86},[47,82827,2239],{"class":445},[47,82829,309],{"class":86},[47,82831,943],{"class":445},[47,82833,309],{"class":86},[47,82835,1769],{"class":445},[47,82837,309],{"class":86},[47,82839,4787],{"class":445},[47,82841,1879],{"class":86},[47,82843,82844],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,82845,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,82847,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,82849,4251],{"class":53},[47,82851,58],{"class":57},[47,82853,3803],{"class":86},[47,82855,102],{"class":61},[47,82857,4260],{"class":65},[47,82859,102],{"class":61},[47,82861,309],{"class":86},[47,82863,62],{"class":61},[47,82865,491],{"class":65},[47,82867,102],{"class":61},[47,82869,309],{"class":86},[47,82871,62],{"class":61},[47,82873,78910],{"class":65},[47,82875,102],{"class":61},[47,82877,3816],{"class":86},[47,82879,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,82881,83],{"class":82},[47,82883,87],{"class":86},[47,82885,82805],{"class":82},[47,82887,87],{"class":86},[47,82889,4294],{"class":90},[47,82891,1879],{"class":86},[20,82893,814],{},[38,82895,82897],{"className":40,"code":82896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82898,82899,82903,82907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82900,82901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82902,2560],{"class":445},[47,82904,82905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82906,2560],{"class":445},[47,82908,82909],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,82910,82911],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,82913,20136],{},[162,82915,82916,82922,82928],{},[165,82917,82918,82921],{},[15,82919,82920],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[165,82923,82924,82927],{},[15,82925,82926],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[165,82929,82930,82933],{},[15,82931,82932],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[149,82935,152,82937,155],{"id":82936},"what-max-does",[15,82938,82746],{},[20,82940,82941,3062],{},[15,82942,82746],{},[162,82944,82945,82948,82951,82954],{},[165,82946,82947],{},"Returns the largest item",[165,82949,82950],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[165,82952,82953],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[165,82955,82956],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82958,82959],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82961,82962],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[149,82964,261],{"id":260},[20,82966,82967,82968,3062],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82969,82746],{},[38,82971,82973],{"className":40,"code":82972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82974,82975,82985,83009,83031,83054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82976,82977,82979,82981,82983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82978,82805],{"class":82},[47,82980,87],{"class":86},[47,82982,3899],{"class":90},[47,82984,286],{"class":86},[47,82986,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82998,83000,83002,83004,83007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82988,82805],{"class":82},[47,82990,87],{"class":86},[47,82992,3899],{"class":90},[47,82994,309],{"class":86},[47,82996,82997],{"class":57}," *",[47,82999,309],{"class":86},[47,83001,21756],{"class":9350},[47,83003,58],{"class":57},[47,83005,83006],{"class":90},"func",[47,83008,286],{"class":86},[47,83010,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,83012,82805],{"class":82},[47,83014,87],{"class":86},[47,83016,3899],{"class":90},[47,83018,309],{"class":86},[47,83020,82997],{"class":57},[47,83022,309],{"class":86},[47,83024,26701],{"class":9350},[47,83026,58],{"class":57},[47,83028,1587],{"class":90},[47,83030,286],{"class":86},[47,83032,83033,83035,83037,83040,83042,83045,83047,83049,83052],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,83034,82805],{"class":82},[47,83036,87],{"class":86},[47,83038,83039],{"class":90},"arg1",[47,83041,309],{"class":86},[47,83043,83044],{"class":90}," arg2",[47,83046,309],{"class":86},[47,83048,82997],{"class":57},[47,83050,83051],{"class":90},"args",[47,83053,286],{"class":86},[47,83055,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,83057,82805],{"class":82},[47,83059,87],{"class":86},[47,83061,83039],{"class":90},[47,83063,309],{"class":86},[47,83065,83044],{"class":90},[47,83067,309],{"class":86},[47,83069,82997],{"class":57},[47,83071,83051],{"class":90},[47,83073,309],{"class":86},[47,83075,21756],{"class":9350},[47,83077,58],{"class":57},[47,83079,83006],{"class":90},[47,83081,286],{"class":86},[20,83083,83084],{},"The most important parts are:",[162,83086,83087,83092,83097],{},[165,83088,83089,83091],{},[15,83090,3899],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[165,83093,83094,83096],{},[15,83095,15021],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[165,83098,83099,83102],{},[15,83100,83101],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[149,83104,831,83106,83108],{"id":83105},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83107,82746],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83110,83111],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,83113,83115],{"className":40,"code":83114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83116,83117,83143,83159,83163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83118,83119,83121,83123,83125,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83120,5244],{"class":53},[47,83122,58],{"class":57},[47,83124,3803],{"class":86},[47,83126,83127],{"class":445},"72",[47,83129,309],{"class":86},[47,83131,51680],{"class":445},[47,83133,309],{"class":86},[47,83135,13686],{"class":445},[47,83137,309],{"class":86},[47,83139,83140],{"class":445}," 66",[47,83142,3816],{"class":86},[47,83144,83145,83148,83150,83153,83155,83157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83146,83147],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,83149,58],{"class":57},[47,83151,83152],{"class":82}," max",[47,83154,87],{"class":86},[47,83156,16569],{"class":90},[47,83158,286],{"class":86},[47,83160,83161],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,83162,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,83164,83165,83167,83169,83172],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,83166,83],{"class":82},[47,83168,87],{"class":86},[47,83170,83171],{"class":90},"highest_score",[47,83173,286],{"class":86},[20,83175,814],{},[38,83177,83179],{"className":40,"code":83178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,83180,83181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83182,83183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83184,83178],{"class":445},[20,83186,83187],{},"This works well for:",[162,83189,83190,83193,83196,83199],{},[165,83191,83192],{},"Scores",[165,83194,83195],{},"Prices",[165,83197,83198],{},"Ages",[165,83200,83201],{},"Counts",[20,83203,52250],{},[38,83205,83207],{"className":40,"code":83206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83208,83209,83237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83210,83211,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83225,83227,83230,83232,83235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83212,83213],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,83215,58],{"class":57},[47,83217,3803],{"class":86},[47,83219,40573],{"class":445},[47,83221,309],{"class":86},[47,83223,83224],{"class":445}," 5.50",[47,83226,309],{"class":86},[47,83228,83229],{"class":445}," 12.75",[47,83231,309],{"class":86},[47,83233,83234],{"class":445}," 29.00",[47,83236,3816],{"class":86},[47,83238,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83250],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83240,83],{"class":82},[47,83242,87],{"class":86},[47,83244,82805],{"class":82},[47,83246,87],{"class":86},[47,83248,83249],{"class":90},"prices",[47,83251,1879],{"class":86},[20,83253,814],{},[38,83255,83257],{"className":40,"code":83256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,83258,83259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83260,83261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83262,83256],{"class":445},[20,83264,83265,83266,83268,83269,94],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83267,82746],{}," is simpler than ",[455,83270,83271],{"href":74688},[15,83272,74591],{},[149,83274,831,83276,83278],{"id":83275},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83277,82746],{}," with separate values",[20,83280,83281],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,83283,83285],{"className":40,"code":83284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83286,83287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83288,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83290,83],{"class":82},[47,83292,87],{"class":86},[47,83294,82805],{"class":82},[47,83296,87],{"class":86},[47,83298,2682],{"class":445},[47,83300,309],{"class":86},[47,83302,981],{"class":445},[47,83304,309],{"class":86},[47,83306,6173],{"class":445},[47,83308,1879],{"class":86},[20,83310,814],{},[38,83312,83313],{"className":40,"code":2402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83314,83315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83316,83317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83318,2402],{"class":445},[20,83320,83321],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83323,83324],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,83326,83328],{"className":40,"code":83327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83329,83330,83339,83347,83357,83361,83384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83331,83332,83334,83336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83333,2732],{"class":53},[47,83335,58],{"class":57},[47,83337,83338],{"class":445}," 15\n",[47,83340,83341,83343,83345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83342,2760],{"class":53},[47,83344,58],{"class":57},[47,83346,2947],{"class":445},[47,83348,83349,83352,83354],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,83350,83351],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83353,58],{"class":57},[47,83355,83356],{"class":445}," 27\n",[47,83358,83359],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,83360,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,83362,83363,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,83364,83365],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83367,58],{"class":57},[47,83369,83152],{"class":82},[47,83371,87],{"class":86},[47,83373,455],{"class":90},[47,83375,309],{"class":86},[47,83377,2737],{"class":90},[47,83379,309],{"class":86},[47,83381,9855],{"class":90},[47,83383,286],{"class":86},[47,83385,83386,83388,83390,83393],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,83387,83],{"class":82},[47,83389,87],{"class":86},[47,83391,83392],{"class":90},"largest",[47,83394,286],{"class":86},[20,83396,814],{},[38,83398,83399],{"className":40,"code":46785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83400,83401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83402,83403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83404,46785],{"class":445},[20,83406,83407],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[149,83409,831,83411,47232],{"id":83410},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83412,82746],{},[20,83414,83415,83417],{},[15,83416,82746],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,83419,83421],{"className":40,"code":83420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83422,83423,83455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83424,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83426,4251],{"class":53},[47,83428,58],{"class":57},[47,83430,3803],{"class":86},[47,83432,102],{"class":61},[47,83434,4260],{"class":65},[47,83436,102],{"class":61},[47,83438,309],{"class":86},[47,83440,62],{"class":61},[47,83442,491],{"class":65},[47,83444,102],{"class":61},[47,83446,309],{"class":86},[47,83448,62],{"class":61},[47,83450,78910],{"class":65},[47,83452,102],{"class":61},[47,83454,3816],{"class":86},[47,83456,83457,83459,83461,83463,83465,83467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83458,83],{"class":82},[47,83460,87],{"class":86},[47,83462,82805],{"class":82},[47,83464,87],{"class":86},[47,83466,4294],{"class":90},[47,83468,1879],{"class":86},[20,83470,814],{},[38,83472,83473],{"className":40,"code":82911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83474,83475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83476,83477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83478,82911],{"class":53},[20,83480,83481],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83483,68451],{},[162,83485,83486,83495,83498],{},[165,83487,83488,83491,83492,83494],{},[15,83489,83490],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83493,65442],{}," alphabetically",[165,83496,83497],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[165,83499,83500],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83502,183],{},[38,83504,83506],{"className":40,"code":83505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83507,83508,83541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83509,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83511,4251],{"class":53},[47,83513,58],{"class":57},[47,83515,3803],{"class":86},[47,83517,102],{"class":61},[47,83519,4260],{"class":65},[47,83521,102],{"class":61},[47,83523,309],{"class":86},[47,83525,62],{"class":61},[47,83527,83528],{"class":65},"Banana",[47,83530,102],{"class":61},[47,83532,309],{"class":86},[47,83534,62],{"class":61},[47,83536,78910],{"class":65},[47,83538,102],{"class":61},[47,83540,3816],{"class":86},[47,83542,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83544,83],{"class":82},[47,83546,87],{"class":86},[47,83548,82805],{"class":82},[47,83550,87],{"class":86},[47,83552,4294],{"class":90},[47,83554,1879],{"class":86},[20,83556,83557],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83559,83560,83561,83563],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83562,15021],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[149,83565,36788,83566,36791],{"id":78868},[15,83567,15021],{},[20,83569,842,83570,83572],{},[15,83571,15021],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83574,83575],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[469,83577,83579],{"id":83578},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,83581,83583],{"className":40,"code":83582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83584,83585,83617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83586,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83588,4251],{"class":53},[47,83590,58],{"class":57},[47,83592,3803],{"class":86},[47,83594,102],{"class":61},[47,83596,37223],{"class":65},[47,83598,102],{"class":61},[47,83600,309],{"class":86},[47,83602,62],{"class":61},[47,83604,68494],{"class":65},[47,83606,102],{"class":61},[47,83608,309],{"class":86},[47,83610,62],{"class":61},[47,83612,58297],{"class":65},[47,83614,102],{"class":61},[47,83616,3816],{"class":86},[47,83618,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83620,83],{"class":82},[47,83622,87],{"class":86},[47,83624,82805],{"class":82},[47,83626,87],{"class":86},[47,83628,4294],{"class":90},[47,83630,309],{"class":86},[47,83632,21756],{"class":9350},[47,83634,58],{"class":57},[47,83636,11337],{"class":82},[47,83638,1879],{"class":86},[20,83640,814],{},[38,83642,83644],{"className":40,"code":83643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,83645,83646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83647,83648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83649,83643],{"class":53},[20,83651,340,83652,83655],{},[15,83653,83654],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83657,83658,83659,33804,83661,94],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83660,42536],{},[455,83662,83663,5962],{"href":42533},[15,83664,42536],{},[469,83666,83668],{"id":83667},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,83670,83672],{"className":40,"code":83671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83673,83674,83706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83675,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83677,4251],{"class":53},[47,83679,58],{"class":57},[47,83681,3803],{"class":86},[47,83683,102],{"class":61},[47,83685,4260],{"class":65},[47,83687,102],{"class":61},[47,83689,309],{"class":86},[47,83691,62],{"class":61},[47,83693,83528],{"class":65},[47,83695,102],{"class":61},[47,83697,309],{"class":86},[47,83699,62],{"class":61},[47,83701,78910],{"class":65},[47,83703,102],{"class":61},[47,83705,3816],{"class":86},[47,83707,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83709,83],{"class":82},[47,83711,87],{"class":86},[47,83713,82805],{"class":82},[47,83715,87],{"class":86},[47,83717,4294],{"class":90},[47,83719,309],{"class":86},[47,83721,21756],{"class":9350},[47,83723,58],{"class":57},[47,83725,3622],{"class":1570},[47,83727,94],{"class":86},[47,83729,1300],{"class":24927},[47,83731,1879],{"class":86},[20,83733,814],{},[38,83735,83736],{"className":40,"code":82911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83737,83738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83739,83740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83741,82911],{"class":53},[20,83743,340,83744,83746],{},[15,83745,78864],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[469,83748,83750],{"id":83749},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83752,83753,83754,3062],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83755,37834],{},[38,83757,83759],{"className":40,"code":83758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83760,83761,83804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83762,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83782,83784,83786,83788,83791,83793,83795,83797,83800,83802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83764,7955],{"class":53},[47,83766,58],{"class":57},[47,83768,3803],{"class":86},[47,83770,102],{"class":61},[47,83772,455],{"class":65},[47,83774,102],{"class":61},[47,83776,309],{"class":86},[47,83778,62],{"class":61},[47,83780,83781],{"class":65},"bb",[47,83783,102],{"class":61},[47,83785,309],{"class":86},[47,83787,62],{"class":61},[47,83789,83790],{"class":65},"cccc",[47,83792,102],{"class":61},[47,83794,309],{"class":86},[47,83796,62],{"class":61},[47,83798,83799],{"class":65},"ddd",[47,83801,102],{"class":61},[47,83803,3816],{"class":86},[47,83805,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83807,83],{"class":82},[47,83809,87],{"class":86},[47,83811,82805],{"class":82},[47,83813,87],{"class":86},[47,83815,7986],{"class":90},[47,83817,309],{"class":86},[47,83819,21756],{"class":9350},[47,83821,58],{"class":57},[47,83823,37834],{"class":2242},[47,83825,1693],{"class":37837},[47,83827,3062],{"class":86},[47,83829,38561],{"class":82},[47,83831,87],{"class":86},[47,83833,91],{"class":90},[47,83835,1958],{"class":86},[20,83837,814],{},[38,83839,83841],{"className":40,"code":83840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,83842,83843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83844,83845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83846,83840],{"class":53},[20,83848,49722,83849,837,83851,83853],{},[15,83850,83654],{},[15,83852,78751],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[149,83855,36788,83857,36791],{"id":83856},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83858,83101],{},[20,83860,842,83861,83863],{},[15,83862,83101],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83865,83866],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,83868,83870],{"className":40,"code":83869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83871,83872,83880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83873,83874,83876,83878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83875,3798],{"class":53},[47,83877,58],{"class":57},[47,83879,8015],{"class":86},[47,83881,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83883,83],{"class":82},[47,83885,87],{"class":86},[47,83887,82805],{"class":82},[47,83889,87],{"class":86},[47,83891,3830],{"class":90},[47,83893,309],{"class":86},[47,83895,26701],{"class":9350},[47,83897,58],{"class":57},[47,83899,1721],{"class":445},[47,83901,1879],{"class":86},[20,83903,814],{},[38,83905,83906],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83907,83908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83909,83910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83911,47425],{"class":445},[20,83913,83914],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83916,83917,83918,83920],{},"Without ",[15,83919,83101],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83922,52250],{},[38,83924,83926],{"className":40,"code":83925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83927,83928,83936,83963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83929,83930,83932,83934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83931,4251],{"class":53},[47,83933,58],{"class":57},[47,83935,8015],{"class":86},[47,83937,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83959,83961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83939,2407],{"class":53},[47,83941,58],{"class":57},[47,83943,83152],{"class":82},[47,83945,87],{"class":86},[47,83947,4294],{"class":90},[47,83949,309],{"class":86},[47,83951,26701],{"class":9350},[47,83953,58],{"class":57},[47,83955,102],{"class":61},[47,83957,83958],{"class":65},"no words found",[47,83960,102],{"class":61},[47,83962,286],{"class":86},[47,83964,83965,83967,83969,83971],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,83966,83],{"class":82},[47,83968,87],{"class":86},[47,83970,2442],{"class":90},[47,83972,286],{"class":86},[20,83974,814],{},[38,83976,83978],{"className":40,"code":83977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,83979,83980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83981,83982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83983,83977],{"class":53},[20,83985,83986],{},"Important:",[162,83988,83989,83997],{},[165,83990,83991,83993,83994],{},[15,83992,83101],{}," works with ",[15,83995,83996],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[165,83998,41080,83999,84001,84002],{},[3922,84000,4813],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84003,84004],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[149,84006,48160],{"id":48159},[20,84008,84009,84010,94],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84011,82746],{},[469,84013,84015,84017],{"id":84014},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84016,40879],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84019,84020,84021,46081,84023,94],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84022,83101],{},[15,84024,40879],{},[38,84026,84028],{"className":40,"code":84027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84029,84030,84038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84031,84032,84034,84036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84033,3798],{"class":53},[47,84035,58],{"class":57},[47,84037,8015],{"class":86},[47,84039,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84041,83],{"class":82},[47,84043,87],{"class":86},[47,84045,82805],{"class":82},[47,84047,87],{"class":86},[47,84049,3830],{"class":90},[47,84051,1879],{"class":86},[20,84053,29857],{},[38,84055,84057],{"className":40,"code":84056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84058,84059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84060,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84072,84074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84062,40879],{"class":1570},[47,84064,3062],{"class":86},[47,84066,83152],{"class":82},[47,84068,7541],{"class":86},[47,84070,84071],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,84073,12371],{"class":57},[47,84075,84076],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84078,84079,84080,3062],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84081,83101],{},[38,84083,84085],{"className":40,"code":84084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84086,84087,84095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84088,84089,84091,84093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84090,3798],{"class":53},[47,84092,58],{"class":57},[47,84094,8015],{"class":86},[47,84096,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84098,83],{"class":82},[47,84100,87],{"class":86},[47,84102,82805],{"class":82},[47,84104,87],{"class":86},[47,84106,3830],{"class":90},[47,84108,309],{"class":86},[47,84110,26701],{"class":9350},[47,84112,58],{"class":57},[47,84114,3958],{"class":4032},[47,84116,1879],{"class":86},[20,84118,84119,84120,94],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[455,84121,66007],{"href":73045},[469,84123,84125,84127],{"id":84124},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84126,3182],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84129,84130,84131,94],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84132,3182],{},[38,84134,84136],{"className":40,"code":84135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84137,84138,84162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84139,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84141,7955],{"class":53},[47,84143,58],{"class":57},[47,84145,3803],{"class":86},[47,84147,2509],{"class":445},[47,84149,309],{"class":86},[47,84151,62],{"class":61},[47,84153,15934],{"class":65},[47,84155,102],{"class":61},[47,84157,309],{"class":86},[47,84159,7971],{"class":445},[47,84161,3816],{"class":86},[47,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84165,83],{"class":82},[47,84167,87],{"class":86},[47,84169,82805],{"class":82},[47,84171,87],{"class":86},[47,84173,7986],{"class":90},[47,84175,1879],{"class":86},[20,84177,84178],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84180,84181],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,84183,84185],{"className":40,"code":84184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84186,84187,84207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84188,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84190,7955],{"class":53},[47,84192,58],{"class":57},[47,84194,3803],{"class":86},[47,84196,2509],{"class":445},[47,84198,309],{"class":86},[47,84200,7966],{"class":445},[47,84202,309],{"class":86},[47,84204,7971],{"class":445},[47,84206,3816],{"class":86},[47,84208,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84210,83],{"class":82},[47,84212,87],{"class":86},[47,84214,82805],{"class":82},[47,84216,87],{"class":86},[47,84218,7986],{"class":90},[47,84220,1879],{"class":86},[20,84222,84223,84224,94],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[455,84225,84227],{"href":84226},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[469,84229,84231,84233],{"id":84230},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84232,3182],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84235,84236,84238],{},[15,84237,82746],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,84240,84242],{"className":40,"code":84241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,84243,84244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84245,84246,84248,84250,84252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84247,83],{"class":82},[47,84249,87],{"class":86},[47,84251,82805],{"class":82},[47,84253,7370],{"class":86},[20,84255,3179,84256,94],{},[15,84257,3182],{},[149,84259,84261,10760,84263],{"id":84260},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84262,82746],{},[15,84264,74591],{},[20,84266,84267],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84269,84270,3062],{},[15,84271,82746],{},[162,84273,84274],{},[165,84275,84276],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84278,84279,3062],{},[15,84280,74591],{},[162,84282,84283],{},[165,84284,84285],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84287,183],{},[38,84289,84291],{"className":40,"code":84290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84292,84293,84317,84321,84335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84294,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84296,3798],{"class":53},[47,84298,58],{"class":57},[47,84300,3803],{"class":86},[47,84302,2239],{"class":445},[47,84304,309],{"class":86},[47,84306,943],{"class":445},[47,84308,309],{"class":86},[47,84310,1769],{"class":445},[47,84312,309],{"class":86},[47,84314,4787],{"class":445},[47,84316,3816],{"class":86},[47,84318,84319],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84320,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,84322,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,84324,83],{"class":82},[47,84326,87],{"class":86},[47,84328,82805],{"class":82},[47,84330,87],{"class":86},[47,84332,3830],{"class":90},[47,84334,1879],{"class":86},[47,84336,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,84338,83],{"class":82},[47,84340,87],{"class":86},[47,84342,74681],{"class":82},[47,84344,87],{"class":86},[47,84346,3830],{"class":90},[47,84348,1879],{"class":86},[20,84350,814],{},[38,84352,84354],{"className":40,"code":84353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84355,84356,84360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84357,84358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84359,2560],{"class":445},[47,84361,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84363,4080],{"class":86},[47,84365,2233],{"class":445},[47,84367,309],{"class":86},[47,84369,2630],{"class":445},[47,84371,309],{"class":86},[47,84373,4787],{"class":445},[47,84375,309],{"class":86},[47,84377,943],{"class":445},[47,84379,3816],{"class":86},[20,84381,144,84382,84384],{},[15,84383,82746],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84386,144,84387,84391],{},[455,84388,84389],{"href":74688},[15,84390,74591],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84393,84394,84395,94],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[455,84396,84398],{"href":84397},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84399,84400],{},"min()",[149,84402,1425],{"id":1424},[20,84404,84405],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[162,84407,84408,84415,84418,84423,84426],{},[165,84409,1519,84410,84412,84413],{},[15,84411,82746],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84414,83101],{},[165,84416,84417],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[165,84419,8628,84420,84422],{},[15,84421,82746],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[165,84424,84425],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[165,84427,831,84428,84430],{},[15,84429,83101],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84432,11288],{},[38,84434,84436],{"className":40,"code":84435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84437,84438,84448,84462,84476,84490,84512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84439,84440,84442,84444,84446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84441,83],{"class":82},[47,84443,87],{"class":86},[47,84445,7986],{"class":90},[47,84447,286],{"class":86},[47,84449,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458,84460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84451,83],{"class":82},[47,84453,87],{"class":86},[47,84455,1872],{"class":1570},[47,84457,87],{"class":86},[47,84459,7986],{"class":90},[47,84461,1879],{"class":86},[47,84463,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,84465,83],{"class":82},[47,84467,87],{"class":86},[47,84469,11337],{"class":82},[47,84471,87],{"class":86},[47,84473,7986],{"class":90},[47,84475,1879],{"class":86},[47,84477,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,84479,83],{"class":82},[47,84481,87],{"class":86},[47,84483,82805],{"class":82},[47,84485,87],{"class":86},[47,84487,7986],{"class":90},[47,84489,1879],{"class":86},[47,84491,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,84493,83],{"class":82},[47,84495,87],{"class":86},[47,84497,82805],{"class":82},[47,84499,87],{"class":86},[47,84501,7986],{"class":90},[47,84503,309],{"class":86},[47,84505,26701],{"class":9350},[47,84507,58],{"class":57},[47,84509,3958],{"class":4032},[47,84511,1879],{"class":86},[47,84513,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,84515,83],{"class":82},[47,84517,3163],{"class":86},[47,84519,1872],{"class":1570},[47,84521,87],{"class":86},[47,84523,2350],{"class":90},[47,84525,1696],{"class":86},[47,84527,4057],{"class":752},[47,84529,4060],{"class":90},[47,84531,1613],{"class":752},[47,84533,6145],{"class":90},[47,84535,4068],{"class":86},[20,84537,84538],{},"These are useful for checking:",[162,84540,84541,84546,84551,84554],{},[165,84542,84543,84544],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84545,7986],{},[165,84547,79916,84548,84550],{},[15,84549,7986],{}," is a list or some other type",[165,84552,84553],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[165,84555,84556],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84558,69515,84559,84562,84563,84565],{},[15,84560,84561],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84564,7986],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[149,84567,1962],{"id":1961},[469,84569,5323,84571,5326],{"id":84570},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84572,82746],{},[20,84574,84575],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[469,84577,1980,84579,84581],{"id":84578},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84580,82746],{}," work with strings?",[20,84583,84584],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[469,84586,71813],{"id":71812},[20,84588,84589,52665,84591,84593,84594,84596],{},[15,84590,82746],{},[15,84592,40879],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84595,83101],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[469,84598,84600,84601,2037],{"id":84599},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84602,82746],{},[20,84604,144,84605,3062],{},[15,84606,83654],{},[38,84608,84609],{"className":40,"code":83582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84610,84611,84643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84612,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84614,4251],{"class":53},[47,84616,58],{"class":57},[47,84618,3803],{"class":86},[47,84620,102],{"class":61},[47,84622,37223],{"class":65},[47,84624,102],{"class":61},[47,84626,309],{"class":86},[47,84628,62],{"class":61},[47,84630,68494],{"class":65},[47,84632,102],{"class":61},[47,84634,309],{"class":86},[47,84636,62],{"class":61},[47,84638,58297],{"class":65},[47,84640,102],{"class":61},[47,84642,3816],{"class":86},[47,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84646,83],{"class":82},[47,84648,87],{"class":86},[47,84650,82805],{"class":82},[47,84652,87],{"class":86},[47,84654,4294],{"class":90},[47,84656,309],{"class":86},[47,84658,21756],{"class":9350},[47,84660,58],{"class":57},[47,84662,11337],{"class":82},[47,84664,1879],{"class":86},[469,84666,2032,84668,837,84670,2037],{"id":84667},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84669,82746],{},[15,84671,74591],{},[20,84673,84674,84676,84677,84679],{},[15,84675,82746],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":84718},[84719,84720,84722,84723,84725,84727,84729,84734,84736,84744,84746,84747,84758],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":82936,"depth":72,"text":84721},"What max() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":83105,"depth":72,"text":84724},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83275,"depth":72,"text":84726},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83410,"depth":72,"text":84728},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78868,"depth":72,"text":80065,"children":84730},[84731,84732,84733],{"id":83578,"depth":79,"text":83579},{"id":83667,"depth":79,"text":83668},{"id":83749,"depth":79,"text":83750},{"id":83856,"depth":72,"text":84735},"Using the default argument",{"id":48159,"depth":72,"text":48160,"children":84737},[84738,84740,84742],{"id":84014,"depth":79,"text":84739},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84124,"depth":79,"text":84741},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84230,"depth":79,"text":84743},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84260,"depth":72,"text":84745},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":84748},[84749,84751,84753,84754,84756],{"id":84570,"depth":79,"text":84750},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84578,"depth":79,"text":84752},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71812,"depth":79,"text":71813},{"id":84599,"depth":79,"text":84755},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84667,"depth":79,"text":84757},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82738,"description":84759},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84766,"title":84767,"body":84768,"description":86722,"extension":2138,"meta":86723,"navigation":75,"path":86724,"seo":86725,"stem":86726,"__hash__":86727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84769,"toc":86679},[84770,84775,84780,84786,84788,84862,84864,84877,84882,84887,84903,84907,84912,84988,84994,84997,85040,85042,85050,85056,85059,85090,85092,85100,85106,85111,85170,85172,85181,85184,85194,85200,85205,85240,85242,85250,85256,85262,85267,85311,85313,85322,85325,85365,85367,85376,85379,85391,85396,85401,85452,85454,85463,85466,85517,85519,85528,85531,85538,85544,85549,85551,85566,85570,85630,85632,85641,85645,85817,85819,85856,85863,85869,85872,85899,85901,85922,85927,85962,85964,85972,85975,85978,85994,85999,86001,86005,86011,86015,86042,86045,86055,86095,86099,86102,86145,86147,86156,86159,86164,86233,86235,86243,86248,86252,86255,86306,86308,86316,86319,86382,86384,86392,86395,86400,86404,86417,86424,86432,86434,86436,86466,86472,86573,86583,86585,86590,86593,86598,86601,86603,86611,86619,86627,86634,86642,86644,86676],[10,84771,3755,84773,3759],{"id":84772},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84774,84400],{},[20,84776,84777,84779],{},[15,84778,84400],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84781,84782,84783,84785],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84784,84400],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[149,84787,2179],{"id":2178},[38,84789,84791],{"className":40,"code":84790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84792,84793,84817,84832,84836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84794,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84796,3798],{"class":53},[47,84798,58],{"class":57},[47,84800,3803],{"class":86},[47,84802,2313],{"class":445},[47,84804,309],{"class":86},[47,84806,1769],{"class":445},[47,84808,309],{"class":86},[47,84810,627],{"class":445},[47,84812,309],{"class":86},[47,84814,5677],{"class":445},[47,84816,3816],{"class":86},[47,84818,84819,84821,84823,84826,84828,84830],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84820,83],{"class":82},[47,84822,87],{"class":86},[47,84824,84825],{"class":82},"min",[47,84827,87],{"class":86},[47,84829,3830],{"class":90},[47,84831,1879],{"class":86},[47,84833,84834],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,84835,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,84837,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,84839,83],{"class":82},[47,84841,87],{"class":86},[47,84843,84825],{"class":82},[47,84845,87],{"class":86},[47,84847,2313],{"class":445},[47,84849,309],{"class":86},[47,84851,1769],{"class":445},[47,84853,309],{"class":86},[47,84855,627],{"class":445},[47,84857,309],{"class":86},[47,84859,5677],{"class":445},[47,84861,1879],{"class":86},[20,84863,814],{},[38,84865,84867],{"className":40,"code":84866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,84868,84869,84873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84870,84871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84872,47090],{"class":445},[47,84874,84875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84876,47090],{"class":445},[20,84878,144,84879,84881],{},[15,84880,84400],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[149,84883,152,84885,155],{"id":84884},"what-min-does",[15,84886,84400],{},[162,84888,84889,84894,84897,84900],{},[165,84890,84891,84893],{},[15,84892,84400],{}," returns the smallest item",[165,84895,84896],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[165,84898,84899],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[165,84901,84902],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[149,84904,84906],{"id":84905},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84908,84909,84910,3062],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84911,84400],{},[38,84913,84915],{"className":40,"code":84914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84916,84917,84927,84952,84970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84918,84919,84921,84923,84925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84920,84825],{"class":82},[47,84922,87],{"class":86},[47,84924,3899],{"class":90},[47,84926,286],{"class":86},[47,84928,84929,84931,84933,84936,84938,84941,84943,84946,84948,84950],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84930,84825],{"class":82},[47,84932,87],{"class":86},[47,84934,84935],{"class":90},"value1",[47,84937,309],{"class":86},[47,84939,84940],{"class":90}," value2",[47,84942,309],{"class":86},[47,84944,84945],{"class":90}," value3",[47,84947,309],{"class":86},[47,84949,34630],{"class":82},[47,84951,286],{"class":86},[47,84953,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,84955,84825],{"class":82},[47,84957,87],{"class":86},[47,84959,3899],{"class":90},[47,84961,309],{"class":86},[47,84963,21756],{"class":9350},[47,84965,58],{"class":57},[47,84967,37546],{"class":82},[47,84969,286],{"class":86},[47,84971,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,84973,84825],{"class":82},[47,84975,87],{"class":86},[47,84977,3899],{"class":90},[47,84979,309],{"class":86},[47,84981,26701],{"class":9350},[47,84983,58],{"class":57},[47,84985,37546],{"class":82},[47,84987,286],{"class":86},[469,84989,84991],{"id":84990},"miniterable",[15,84992,84993],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84995,84996],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,84998,85000],{"className":40,"code":84999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85001,85002,85026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85003,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85005,3798],{"class":53},[47,85007,58],{"class":57},[47,85009,3803],{"class":86},[47,85011,2524],{"class":445},[47,85013,309],{"class":86},[47,85015,2630],{"class":445},[47,85017,309],{"class":86},[47,85019,981],{"class":445},[47,85021,309],{"class":86},[47,85023,5677],{"class":445},[47,85025,3816],{"class":86},[47,85027,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85029,83],{"class":82},[47,85031,87],{"class":86},[47,85033,84825],{"class":82},[47,85035,87],{"class":86},[47,85037,3830],{"class":90},[47,85039,1879],{"class":86},[20,85041,814],{},[38,85043,85044],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85045,85046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85047,85048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85049,47090],{"class":445},[469,85051,85053],{"id":85052},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85054,85055],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85057,85058],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,85060,85062],{"className":40,"code":85061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85063,85064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85065,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85067,83],{"class":82},[47,85069,87],{"class":86},[47,85071,84825],{"class":82},[47,85073,87],{"class":86},[47,85075,2524],{"class":445},[47,85077,309],{"class":86},[47,85079,2630],{"class":445},[47,85081,309],{"class":86},[47,85083,981],{"class":445},[47,85085,309],{"class":86},[47,85087,5677],{"class":445},[47,85089,1879],{"class":86},[20,85091,814],{},[38,85093,85094],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85095,85096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85097,85098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85099,47090],{"class":445},[469,85101,85103],{"id":85102},"miniterable-key",[15,85104,85105],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85107,144,85108,85110],{},[15,85109,15021],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,85112,85114],{"className":40,"code":85113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85115,85116,85148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85117,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85119,4251],{"class":53},[47,85121,58],{"class":57},[47,85123,3803],{"class":86},[47,85125,102],{"class":61},[47,85127,78910],{"class":65},[47,85129,102],{"class":61},[47,85131,309],{"class":86},[47,85133,62],{"class":61},[47,85135,38516],{"class":65},[47,85137,102],{"class":61},[47,85139,309],{"class":86},[47,85141,62],{"class":61},[47,85143,491],{"class":65},[47,85145,102],{"class":61},[47,85147,3816],{"class":86},[47,85149,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85151,83],{"class":82},[47,85153,87],{"class":86},[47,85155,84825],{"class":82},[47,85157,87],{"class":86},[47,85159,4294],{"class":90},[47,85161,309],{"class":86},[47,85163,21756],{"class":9350},[47,85165,58],{"class":57},[47,85167,11337],{"class":82},[47,85169,1879],{"class":86},[20,85171,814],{},[38,85173,85175],{"className":40,"code":85174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,85176,85177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85178,85179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85180,85174],{"class":53},[20,85182,85183],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85185,85186,85187,85189,85190,94],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85188,42536],{},", see the ",[455,85191,85192,3688],{"href":42533},[15,85193,42536],{},[469,85195,85197],{"id":85196},"miniterable-default",[15,85198,85199],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85201,144,85202,85204],{},[15,85203,83101],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,85206,85208],{"className":40,"code":85207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85209,85210,85218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85211,85212,85214,85216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85213,3798],{"class":53},[47,85215,58],{"class":57},[47,85217,8015],{"class":86},[47,85219,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85221,83],{"class":82},[47,85223,87],{"class":86},[47,85225,84825],{"class":82},[47,85227,87],{"class":86},[47,85229,3830],{"class":90},[47,85231,309],{"class":86},[47,85233,26701],{"class":9350},[47,85235,58],{"class":57},[47,85237,1721],{"class":445},[47,85239,1879],{"class":86},[20,85241,814],{},[38,85243,85244],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85245,85246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85247,85248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85249,47425],{"class":445},[20,85251,85252,85253,85255],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85254,40879],{}," when there is no item to return.",[149,85257,831,85259,85261],{"id":85258},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85260,84400],{}," with numbers",[20,85263,85264,85266],{},[15,85265,84400],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,85268,85270],{"className":40,"code":85269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85271,85272,85297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85273,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85275,5244],{"class":53},[47,85277,58],{"class":57},[47,85279,3803],{"class":86},[47,85281,51675],{"class":445},[47,85283,309],{"class":86},[47,85285,85286],{"class":445}," 72",[47,85288,309],{"class":86},[47,85290,29083],{"class":445},[47,85292,309],{"class":86},[47,85294,76266],{"class":445},[47,85296,3816],{"class":86},[47,85298,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85300,83],{"class":82},[47,85302,87],{"class":86},[47,85304,84825],{"class":82},[47,85306,87],{"class":86},[47,85308,16569],{"class":90},[47,85310,1879],{"class":86},[20,85312,814],{},[38,85314,85316],{"className":40,"code":85315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,85317,85318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85319,85320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85321,85315],{"class":445},[20,85323,85324],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,85326,85328],{"className":40,"code":85327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85329,85330,85351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85331,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85345,85347,85349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85333,83213],{"class":53},[47,85335,58],{"class":57},[47,85337,3803],{"class":86},[47,85339,40573],{"class":445},[47,85341,309],{"class":86},[47,85343,85344],{"class":445}," 5.49",[47,85346,309],{"class":86},[47,85348,83229],{"class":445},[47,85350,3816],{"class":86},[47,85352,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85354,83],{"class":82},[47,85356,87],{"class":86},[47,85358,84825],{"class":82},[47,85360,87],{"class":86},[47,85362,83249],{"class":90},[47,85364,1879],{"class":86},[20,85366,814],{},[38,85368,85370],{"className":40,"code":85369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,85371,85372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85373,85374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85375,85369],{"class":445},[20,85377,85378],{},"This is useful for things like:",[162,85380,85381,85383,85385,85388],{},[165,85382,16569],{},[165,85384,83249],{},[165,85386,85387],{},"measurements",[165,85389,85390],{},"ages",[149,85392,831,85394,47232],{"id":85393},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85395,84400],{},[20,85397,85398,85400],{},[15,85399,84400],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,85402,85404],{"className":40,"code":85403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85405,85406,85438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85407,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85409,4251],{"class":53},[47,85411,58],{"class":57},[47,85413,3803],{"class":86},[47,85415,102],{"class":61},[47,85417,491],{"class":65},[47,85419,102],{"class":61},[47,85421,309],{"class":86},[47,85423,62],{"class":61},[47,85425,4260],{"class":65},[47,85427,102],{"class":61},[47,85429,309],{"class":86},[47,85431,62],{"class":61},[47,85433,4277],{"class":65},[47,85435,102],{"class":61},[47,85437,3816],{"class":86},[47,85439,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85441,83],{"class":82},[47,85443,87],{"class":86},[47,85445,84825],{"class":82},[47,85447,87],{"class":86},[47,85449,4294],{"class":90},[47,85451,1879],{"class":86},[20,85453,814],{},[38,85455,85457],{"className":40,"code":85456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,85458,85459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85460,85461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85462,85456],{"class":53},[20,85464,85465],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,85467,85469],{"className":40,"code":85468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85470,85471,85503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85472,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85474,4251],{"class":53},[47,85476,58],{"class":57},[47,85478,3803],{"class":86},[47,85480,102],{"class":61},[47,85482,491],{"class":65},[47,85484,102],{"class":61},[47,85486,309],{"class":86},[47,85488,62],{"class":61},[47,85490,57938],{"class":65},[47,85492,102],{"class":61},[47,85494,309],{"class":86},[47,85496,62],{"class":61},[47,85498,4277],{"class":65},[47,85500,102],{"class":61},[47,85502,3816],{"class":86},[47,85504,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85506,83],{"class":82},[47,85508,87],{"class":86},[47,85510,84825],{"class":82},[47,85512,87],{"class":86},[47,85514,4294],{"class":90},[47,85516,1879],{"class":86},[20,85518,814],{},[38,85520,85522],{"className":40,"code":85521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\n",[15,85523,85524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85525,85526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85527,85521],{"class":53},[20,85529,85530],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85532,85533,85534,94],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[455,85535,85536,5962],{"href":74688},[15,85537,74591],{},[149,85539,831,85541,85543],{"id":85540},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85542,84400],{}," with a key function",[20,85545,842,85546,85548],{},[15,85547,15021],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85550,11634],{},[162,85552,85553,85558,85563],{},[165,85554,85555,85557],{},[15,85556,15021],{}," changes the comparison rule",[165,85559,85560,85562],{},[15,85561,84400],{}," still returns the original item",[165,85564,85565],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[469,85567,85569],{"id":85568},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,85571,85573],{"className":40,"code":85572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85574,85575,85608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85576,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85604,85606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85578,4251],{"class":53},[47,85580,58],{"class":57},[47,85582,3803],{"class":86},[47,85584,102],{"class":61},[47,85586,68494],{"class":65},[47,85588,102],{"class":61},[47,85590,309],{"class":86},[47,85592,62],{"class":61},[47,85594,37223],{"class":65},[47,85596,102],{"class":61},[47,85598,309],{"class":86},[47,85600,62],{"class":61},[47,85602,85603],{"class":65},"giraffe",[47,85605,102],{"class":61},[47,85607,3816],{"class":86},[47,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85611,83],{"class":82},[47,85613,87],{"class":86},[47,85615,84825],{"class":82},[47,85617,87],{"class":86},[47,85619,4294],{"class":90},[47,85621,309],{"class":86},[47,85623,21756],{"class":9350},[47,85625,58],{"class":57},[47,85627,11337],{"class":82},[47,85629,1879],{"class":86},[20,85631,814],{},[38,85633,85635],{"className":40,"code":85634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,85636,85637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85638,85639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85640,85634],{"class":53},[469,85642,85644],{"id":85643},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,85646,85648],{"className":40,"code":85647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85649,85650,85660,85695,85727,85759,85763,85767,85806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85651,85652,85655,85657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85653,85654],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85656,58],{"class":57},[47,85658,85659],{"class":86}," [\n",[47,85661,85662,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85686,85688,85690,85692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85663,85664],{"class":86},"    {",[47,85666,102],{"class":61},[47,85668,214],{"class":65},[47,85670,102],{"class":61},[47,85672,3062],{"class":86},[47,85674,62],{"class":61},[47,85676,13058],{"class":65},[47,85678,102],{"class":61},[47,85680,309],{"class":86},[47,85682,62],{"class":61},[47,85684,85685],{"class":65},"score",[47,85687,102],{"class":61},[47,85689,3062],{"class":86},[47,85691,13686],{"class":445},[47,85693,85694],{"class":86},"},\n",[47,85696,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,85698,85664],{"class":86},[47,85700,102],{"class":61},[47,85702,214],{"class":65},[47,85704,102],{"class":61},[47,85706,3062],{"class":86},[47,85708,62],{"class":61},[47,85710,36117],{"class":65},[47,85712,102],{"class":61},[47,85714,309],{"class":86},[47,85716,62],{"class":61},[47,85718,85685],{"class":65},[47,85720,102],{"class":61},[47,85722,3062],{"class":86},[47,85724,85286],{"class":445},[47,85726,85694],{"class":86},[47,85728,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,85730,85664],{"class":86},[47,85732,102],{"class":61},[47,85734,214],{"class":65},[47,85736,102],{"class":61},[47,85738,3062],{"class":86},[47,85740,62],{"class":61},[47,85742,36126],{"class":65},[47,85744,102],{"class":61},[47,85746,309],{"class":86},[47,85748,62],{"class":61},[47,85750,85685],{"class":65},[47,85752,102],{"class":61},[47,85754,3062],{"class":86},[47,85756,20077],{"class":445},[47,85758,9483],{"class":86},[47,85760,85761],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,85762,3816],{"class":86},[47,85764,85765],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,85766,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,85768,85769,85772,85774,85777,85779,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,85770,85771],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85773,58],{"class":57},[47,85775,85776],{"class":82}," min",[47,85778,87],{"class":86},[47,85780,85781],{"class":90},"students",[47,85783,309],{"class":86},[47,85785,21756],{"class":9350},[47,85787,58],{"class":57},[47,85789,37834],{"class":2242},[47,85791,13084],{"class":37837},[47,85793,3062],{"class":86},[47,85795,13084],{"class":90},[47,85797,4080],{"class":86},[47,85799,102],{"class":61},[47,85801,85685],{"class":65},[47,85803,102],{"class":61},[47,85805,4068],{"class":86},[47,85807,85808,85810,85812,85815],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,85809,83],{"class":82},[47,85811,87],{"class":86},[47,85813,85814],{"class":90},"lowest",[47,85816,286],{"class":86},[20,85818,814],{},[38,85820,85822],{"className":40,"code":85821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85823,85824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85825,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85827,9452],{"class":86},[47,85829,3479],{"class":61},[47,85831,214],{"class":65},[47,85833,3479],{"class":61},[47,85835,3062],{"class":86},[47,85837,3474],{"class":61},[47,85839,36117],{"class":65},[47,85841,3479],{"class":61},[47,85843,309],{"class":86},[47,85845,3474],{"class":61},[47,85847,85685],{"class":65},[47,85849,3479],{"class":61},[47,85851,3062],{"class":86},[47,85853,85286],{"class":445},[47,85855,9483],{"class":86},[20,85857,85858,85859,85862],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85860,85861],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[149,85864,831,85866,85868],{"id":85865},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85867,83101],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85870,85871],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,85873,85875],{"className":40,"code":85874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85876,85877,85885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85878,85879,85881,85883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85880,3798],{"class":53},[47,85882,58],{"class":57},[47,85884,8015],{"class":86},[47,85886,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85888,83],{"class":82},[47,85890,87],{"class":86},[47,85892,84825],{"class":82},[47,85894,87],{"class":86},[47,85896,3830],{"class":90},[47,85898,1879],{"class":86},[20,85900,814],{},[38,85902,85904],{"className":40,"code":85903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85905,85906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85907,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85909,40879],{"class":1570},[47,85911,3062],{"class":86},[47,85913,85776],{"class":82},[47,85915,7541],{"class":86},[47,85917,84071],{"class":53},[47,85919,12371],{"class":57},[47,85921,84076],{"class":53},[20,85923,85924,85925,3062],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85926,83101],{},[38,85928,85930],{"className":40,"code":85929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85931,85932,85940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85933,85934,85936,85938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85935,3798],{"class":53},[47,85937,58],{"class":57},[47,85939,8015],{"class":86},[47,85941,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85943,83],{"class":82},[47,85945,87],{"class":86},[47,85947,84825],{"class":82},[47,85949,87],{"class":86},[47,85951,3830],{"class":90},[47,85953,309],{"class":86},[47,85955,26701],{"class":9350},[47,85957,58],{"class":57},[47,85959,3958],{"class":4032},[47,85961,1879],{"class":86},[20,85963,814],{},[38,85965,85966],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85967,85968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85969,85970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85971,11985],{"class":4032},[20,85973,85974],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85976,85977],{},"Remember:",[162,85979,85980,85988],{},[165,85981,85982,85984,85985,85987],{},[15,85983,83101],{}," works only when ",[15,85986,84400],{}," gets one iterable argument",[165,85989,85990,85991],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85992,85993],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85995,85996,85997,94],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[455,85998,66007],{"href":73045},[149,86000,10919],{"id":10918},[20,86002,56945,86003,94],{},[15,86004,84400],{},[469,86006,86008,86009],{"id":86007},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86010,83101],{},[20,86012,3179,86013,3062],{},[15,86014,40879],{},[38,86016,86018],{"className":40,"code":86017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86019,86020,86028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86021,86022,86024,86026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86023,7955],{"class":53},[47,86025,58],{"class":57},[47,86027,8015],{"class":86},[47,86029,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86031,83],{"class":82},[47,86033,87],{"class":86},[47,86035,84825],{"class":82},[47,86037,87],{"class":86},[47,86039,7986],{"class":90},[47,86041,1879],{"class":86},[20,86043,86044],{},"Fix it by:",[162,86046,86047,86050],{},[165,86048,86049],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[165,86051,86052,86053],{},"or using ",[15,86054,83101],{},[38,86056,86058],{"className":40,"code":86057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86059,86060,86068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86061,86062,86064,86066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86063,7955],{"class":53},[47,86065,58],{"class":57},[47,86067,8015],{"class":86},[47,86069,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86091,86093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86071,83],{"class":82},[47,86073,87],{"class":86},[47,86075,84825],{"class":82},[47,86077,87],{"class":86},[47,86079,7986],{"class":90},[47,86081,309],{"class":86},[47,86083,26701],{"class":9350},[47,86085,58],{"class":57},[47,86087,102],{"class":61},[47,86089,86090],{"class":65},"no items",[47,86092,102],{"class":61},[47,86094,1879],{"class":86},[469,86096,86098],{"id":86097},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86100,86101],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,86103,86105],{"className":40,"code":86104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86106,86107,86131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86108,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86110,9340],{"class":53},[47,86112,58],{"class":57},[47,86114,3803],{"class":86},[47,86116,2509],{"class":445},[47,86118,309],{"class":86},[47,86120,62],{"class":61},[47,86122,15934],{"class":65},[47,86124,102],{"class":61},[47,86126,309],{"class":86},[47,86128,4787],{"class":445},[47,86130,3816],{"class":86},[47,86132,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86134,83],{"class":82},[47,86136,87],{"class":86},[47,86138,84825],{"class":82},[47,86140,87],{"class":86},[47,86142,9379],{"class":90},[47,86144,1879],{"class":86},[20,86146,814],{},[38,86148,86150],{"className":40,"code":86149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,86151,86152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86153,86154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86155,86149],{"class":1570},[20,86157,86158],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86160,86161,86162,94],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86163,84400],{},[38,86165,86167],{"className":40,"code":86166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86168,86169,86193,86219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86170,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179,86181,86183,86185,86187,86189,86191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86172,9340],{"class":53},[47,86174,58],{"class":57},[47,86176,3803],{"class":86},[47,86178,2509],{"class":445},[47,86180,309],{"class":86},[47,86182,62],{"class":61},[47,86184,15934],{"class":65},[47,86186,102],{"class":61},[47,86188,309],{"class":86},[47,86190,4787],{"class":445},[47,86192,3816],{"class":86},[47,86194,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86196,3798],{"class":53},[47,86198,58],{"class":57},[47,86200,3803],{"class":86},[47,86202,2365],{"class":1570},[47,86204,87],{"class":86},[47,86206,2350],{"class":90},[47,86208,1696],{"class":86},[47,86210,4057],{"class":752},[47,86212,4060],{"class":53},[47,86214,1613],{"class":752},[47,86216,14746],{"class":53},[47,86218,3816],{"class":86},[47,86220,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,86222,83],{"class":82},[47,86224,87],{"class":86},[47,86226,84825],{"class":82},[47,86228,87],{"class":86},[47,86230,3830],{"class":90},[47,86232,1879],{"class":86},[20,86234,814],{},[38,86236,86237],{"className":40,"code":3124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86238,86239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86240,86241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86242,3124],{"class":445},[20,86244,86245,86246,94],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86247,3182],{},[469,86249,86251],{"id":86250},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86253,86254],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,86256,86258],{"className":40,"code":86257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86259,86260,86292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86261,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86263,4251],{"class":53},[47,86265,58],{"class":57},[47,86267,3803],{"class":86},[47,86269,102],{"class":61},[47,86271,79725],{"class":65},[47,86273,102],{"class":61},[47,86275,309],{"class":86},[47,86277,62],{"class":61},[47,86279,57938],{"class":65},[47,86281,102],{"class":61},[47,86283,309],{"class":86},[47,86285,62],{"class":61},[47,86287,79742],{"class":65},[47,86289,102],{"class":61},[47,86291,3816],{"class":86},[47,86293,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86295,83],{"class":82},[47,86297,87],{"class":86},[47,86299,84825],{"class":82},[47,86301,87],{"class":86},[47,86303,4294],{"class":90},[47,86305,1879],{"class":86},[20,86307,814],{},[38,86309,86310],{"className":40,"code":85521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86311,86312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86313,86314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86315,85521],{"class":53},[20,86317,86318],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,86320,86322],{"className":40,"code":86321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86323,86324,86356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86325,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86327,4251],{"class":53},[47,86329,58],{"class":57},[47,86331,3803],{"class":86},[47,86333,102],{"class":61},[47,86335,79725],{"class":65},[47,86337,102],{"class":61},[47,86339,309],{"class":86},[47,86341,62],{"class":61},[47,86343,57938],{"class":65},[47,86345,102],{"class":61},[47,86347,309],{"class":86},[47,86349,62],{"class":61},[47,86351,79742],{"class":65},[47,86353,102],{"class":61},[47,86355,3816],{"class":86},[47,86357,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86359,83],{"class":82},[47,86361,87],{"class":86},[47,86363,84825],{"class":82},[47,86365,87],{"class":86},[47,86367,4294],{"class":90},[47,86369,309],{"class":86},[47,86371,21756],{"class":9350},[47,86373,58],{"class":57},[47,86375,3622],{"class":1570},[47,86377,94],{"class":86},[47,86379,1300],{"class":24927},[47,86381,1879],{"class":86},[20,86383,814],{},[38,86385,86386],{"className":40,"code":85521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86387,86388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86389,86390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86391,85521],{"class":53},[20,86393,86394],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[149,86396,1321,86398],{"id":86397},"when-to-use-min",[15,86399,84400],{},[20,86401,144,86402,10776],{},[15,86403,84400],{},[162,86405,86406,86409,86414],{},[165,86407,86408],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[165,86410,86411,86412],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86413,15021],{},[165,86415,86416],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86418,144,86419,86423],{},[455,86420,86421],{"href":74688},[15,86422,74591],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86425,144,86426,86431],{},[455,86427,86429],{"href":86428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86430,82746],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[149,86433,1425],{"id":1424},[20,86435,84405],{},[162,86437,86438,86446,86449,86454,86461],{},[165,86439,86440,86441,86443,86444],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86442,84400],{}," without using ",[15,86445,83101],{},[165,86447,86448],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[165,86450,8628,86451,86453],{},[15,86452,84400],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[165,86455,1710,86456,86458,86459,85562],{},[15,86457,15021],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86460,84400],{},[165,86462,831,86463,86465],{},[15,86464,83101],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86467,86468,86469,86471],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86470,84400],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,86473,86475],{"className":40,"code":86474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86476,86477,86491,86501,86515,86529,86551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86478,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86480,83],{"class":82},[47,86482,87],{"class":86},[47,86484,1872],{"class":1570},[47,86486,87],{"class":86},[47,86488,9379],{"class":90},[47,86490,1879],{"class":86},[47,86492,86493,86495,86497,86499],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86494,83],{"class":82},[47,86496,87],{"class":86},[47,86498,9379],{"class":90},[47,86500,286],{"class":86},[47,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,86504,83],{"class":82},[47,86506,87],{"class":86},[47,86508,11337],{"class":82},[47,86510,87],{"class":86},[47,86512,9379],{"class":90},[47,86514,1879],{"class":86},[47,86516,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,86518,83],{"class":82},[47,86520,87],{"class":86},[47,86522,84825],{"class":82},[47,86524,87],{"class":86},[47,86526,9379],{"class":90},[47,86528,1879],{"class":86},[47,86530,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,86532,83],{"class":82},[47,86534,87],{"class":86},[47,86536,84825],{"class":82},[47,86538,87],{"class":86},[47,86540,9379],{"class":90},[47,86542,309],{"class":86},[47,86544,26701],{"class":9350},[47,86546,58],{"class":57},[47,86548,3958],{"class":4032},[47,86550,1879],{"class":86},[47,86552,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,86554,83],{"class":82},[47,86556,87],{"class":86},[47,86558,84825],{"class":82},[47,86560,87],{"class":86},[47,86562,4294],{"class":90},[47,86564,309],{"class":86},[47,86566,21756],{"class":9350},[47,86568,58],{"class":57},[47,86570,11337],{"class":82},[47,86572,1879],{"class":86},[20,86574,86575,86576,86579,86580,86582],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86577,86578],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86581,9379],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[149,86584,1962],{"id":1961},[469,86586,5323,86588,5326],{"id":86587},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86589,84400],{},[20,86591,86592],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[469,86594,1980,86596,84581],{"id":86595},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86597,84400],{},[20,86599,86600],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[469,86602,71813],{"id":71812},[20,86604,86605,52665,86607,84593,86609,36797],{},[15,86606,84400],{},[15,86608,40879],{},[15,86610,83101],{},[469,86612,5323,86614,86616,86617,2037],{"id":86613},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86615,15021],{}," do in ",[15,86618,84400],{},[20,86620,86621,86623,86624,86626],{},[15,86622,15021],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86625,83654],{}," compares strings by length.",[469,86628,2032,86630,837,86632,2037],{"id":86629},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86631,84400],{},[15,86633,74591],{},[20,86635,86636,86638,86639,86641],{},[15,86637,84400],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86640,74591],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[149,86643,2062],{"id":2061},[162,86645,86646,86652,86658,86664,86668,86672],{},[165,86647,86648],{},[455,86649,86650,3688],{"href":86428},[15,86651,82746],{},[165,86653,86654],{},[455,86655,86656,3688],{"href":74688},[15,86657,74591],{},[165,86659,86660],{},[455,86661,86662,3688],{"href":42533},[15,86663,42536],{},[165,86665,86666],{},[455,86667,80038],{"href":78542},[165,86669,86670],{},[455,86671,59126],{"href":59125},[165,86673,86674],{},[455,86675,66007],{"href":73045},[2093,86677,86678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":86680},[86681,86682,86684,86690,86692,86694,86699,86701,86707,86709,86710,86721],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":84884,"depth":72,"text":86683},"What min() does",{"id":84905,"depth":72,"text":84906,"children":86685},[86686,86687,86688,86689],{"id":84990,"depth":79,"text":84993},{"id":85052,"depth":79,"text":85055},{"id":85102,"depth":79,"text":85105},{"id":85196,"depth":79,"text":85199},{"id":85258,"depth":72,"text":86691},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85393,"depth":72,"text":86693},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85540,"depth":72,"text":86695,"children":86696},"Using min() with a key function",[86697,86698],{"id":85568,"depth":79,"text":85569},{"id":85643,"depth":79,"text":85644},{"id":85865,"depth":72,"text":86700},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10918,"depth":72,"text":10919,"children":86702},[86703,86705,86706],{"id":86007,"depth":79,"text":86704},"Empty list without default",{"id":86097,"depth":79,"text":86098},{"id":86250,"depth":79,"text":86251},{"id":86397,"depth":72,"text":86708},"When to use min()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":86711},[86712,86714,86716,86717,86719],{"id":86587,"depth":79,"text":86713},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86595,"depth":79,"text":86715},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71812,"depth":79,"text":71813},{"id":86613,"depth":79,"text":86718},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86629,"depth":79,"text":86720},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84767,"description":86722},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86729,"title":86730,"body":86731,"description":88910,"extension":2138,"meta":88911,"navigation":75,"path":88912,"seo":88913,"stem":88914,"__hash__":88915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86732,"toc":88874},[86733,86736,86742,86748,86750,86831,86840,86844,86849,86851,86896,86898,86978,86984,86986,86989,87021,87023,87041,87043,87116,87118,87137,87141,87144,87180,87182,87249,87323,87396,87401,87405,87411,87414,87431,87434,87436,87497,87499,87519,87525,87529,87532,87602,87605,87624,87629,87705,87708,87712,87718,87722,87727,87797,87801,87806,87880,87884,87887,87962,87973,87977,87982,88072,88077,88145,88148,88167,88178,88182,88185,88190,88193,88255,88258,88269,88274,88277,88280,88285,88288,88291,88295,88298,88304,88307,88318,88320,88382,88397,88403,88406,88409,88420,88431,88437,88440,88442,88504,88514,88520,88525,88531,88535,88541,88544,88565,88567,88572,88599,88602,88629,88632,88671,88674,88712,88715,88776,88779,88781,88785,88788,88792,88798,88806,88814,88818,88821,88825,88831,88833,88871],[10,86734,86730],{"id":86735},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86737,86738,86741],{},[15,86739,86740],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86743,86744,86745,86747],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86746,86740],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[149,86749,2179],{"id":2178},[38,86751,86753],{"className":40,"code":86752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86754,86755,86804,86820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86756,86757,86760,86763,86765,86767,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86785,86787,86789,86792,86794,86796,86798,86802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86758,86759],{"class":752},"with",[47,86761,86762],{"class":82}," open",[47,86764,87],{"class":86},[47,86766,102],{"class":61},[47,86768,86769],{"class":65},"example.txt",[47,86771,102],{"class":61},[47,86773,309],{"class":86},[47,86775,62],{"class":61},[47,86777,60675],{"class":65},[47,86779,102],{"class":61},[47,86781,309],{"class":86},[47,86783,86784],{"class":9350}," encoding",[47,86786,58],{"class":57},[47,86788,102],{"class":61},[47,86790,86791],{"class":65},"utf-8",[47,86793,102],{"class":61},[47,86795,1696],{"class":86},[47,86797,47531],{"class":752},[47,86799,86801],{"class":86800},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86803,795],{"class":86},[47,86805,86806,86809,86811,86813,86815,86818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86807,86808],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86810,58],{"class":57},[47,86812,86801],{"class":86800},[47,86814,94],{"class":86},[47,86816,86817],{"class":90},"read",[47,86819,8817],{"class":86},[47,86821,86822,86824,86826,86829],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,86823,776],{"class":82},[47,86825,87],{"class":86},[47,86827,86828],{"class":90},"content",[47,86830,286],{"class":86},[20,86832,144,86833,86835,86836,86839],{},[15,86834,86759],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86837,86838],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[149,86841,86843],{"id":86842},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86845,86846,86848],{},[15,86847,86740],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86850,11634],{},[162,86852,86853,86856,86861,86866],{},[165,86854,86855],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[165,86857,41080,86858,86860],{},[3922,86859,4813],{}," read or write anything by itself",[165,86862,17599,86863],{},[3922,86864,86865],{},"file object",[165,86867,86868,86869],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[162,86870,86871,86876,86881,86886,86891],{},[165,86872,86873],{},[15,86874,86875],{},"read()",[165,86877,86878],{},[15,86879,86880],{},"readline()",[165,86882,86883],{},[15,86884,86885],{},"readlines()",[165,86887,86888],{},[15,86889,86890],{},"write()",[165,86892,86893],{},[15,86894,86895],{},"close()",[20,86897,183],{},[38,86899,86901],{"className":40,"code":86900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86902,86903,86942,86957,86967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86904,86905,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86906,86907],{"class":86800},"file",[47,86909,13455],{"class":57},[47,86911,86762],{"class":82},[47,86913,87],{"class":86},[47,86915,102],{"class":61},[47,86917,86769],{"class":65},[47,86919,102],{"class":61},[47,86921,309],{"class":86},[47,86923,62],{"class":61},[47,86925,60675],{"class":65},[47,86927,102],{"class":61},[47,86929,309],{"class":86},[47,86931,86784],{"class":9350},[47,86933,58],{"class":57},[47,86935,102],{"class":61},[47,86937,86791],{"class":65},[47,86939,102],{"class":61},[47,86941,286],{"class":86},[47,86943,86944,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86945,86946],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86948,58],{"class":57},[47,86950,86801],{"class":86800},[47,86952,94],{"class":86},[47,86954,86817],{"class":90},[47,86956,8817],{"class":86},[47,86958,86959,86961,86963,86965],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,86960,83],{"class":82},[47,86962,87],{"class":86},[47,86964,86828],{"class":90},[47,86966,286],{"class":86},[47,86968,86969,86971,86973,86976],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,86970,86907],{"class":86800},[47,86972,94],{"class":86},[47,86974,86975],{"class":90},"close",[47,86977,8817],{"class":86},[20,86979,86980,86981,86983],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86982,86759],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[149,86985,261],{"id":260},[20,86987,86988],{},"A common form is:",[38,86990,86992],{"className":40,"code":86991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86993,86994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86995,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86997,42601],{"class":82},[47,86999,87],{"class":86},[47,87001,86907],{"class":86800},[47,87003,309],{"class":86},[47,87005,87006],{"class":90}," mode",[47,87008,309],{"class":86},[47,87010,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87012,58],{"class":57},[47,87014,102],{"class":61},[47,87016,86791],{"class":65},[47,87018,102],{"class":61},[47,87020,286],{"class":86},[20,87022,65213],{},[162,87024,87025,87030,87035],{},[165,87026,87027,87029],{},[15,87028,86907],{}," is the file name or file path",[165,87031,87032,87034],{},[15,87033,21097],{}," controls how the file is opened",[165,87036,87037,87040],{},[15,87038,87039],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87042,183],{},[38,87044,87046],{"className":40,"code":87045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87047,87048,87091,87106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87049,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87051,86759],{"class":752},[47,87053,86762],{"class":82},[47,87055,87],{"class":86},[47,87057,102],{"class":61},[47,87059,87060],{"class":65},"notes.txt",[47,87062,102],{"class":61},[47,87064,309],{"class":86},[47,87066,62],{"class":61},[47,87068,60675],{"class":65},[47,87070,102],{"class":61},[47,87072,309],{"class":86},[47,87074,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87076,58],{"class":57},[47,87078,102],{"class":61},[47,87080,86791],{"class":65},[47,87082,102],{"class":61},[47,87084,1696],{"class":86},[47,87086,47531],{"class":752},[47,87088,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87090,795],{"class":86},[47,87092,87093,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87094,87095],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,87097,58],{"class":57},[47,87099,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87101,94],{"class":86},[47,87103,86817],{"class":90},[47,87105,8817],{"class":86},[47,87107,87108,87110,87112,87114],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87109,776],{"class":82},[47,87111,87],{"class":86},[47,87113,91],{"class":90},[47,87115,286],{"class":86},[20,87117,20136],{},[162,87119,87120,87126,87131],{},[165,87121,87122,87125],{},[15,87123,87124],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[165,87127,87128,87130],{},[15,87129,86838],{}," means open for reading",[165,87132,87133,87136],{},[15,87134,87135],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[149,87138,87140],{"id":87139},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87142,87143],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[162,87145,87146,87151,87157,87162,87168,87174],{},[165,87147,87148,87150],{},[15,87149,86838],{}," = read a text file",[165,87152,87153,87156],{},[15,87154,87155],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[165,87158,87159,87161],{},[15,87160,18274],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[165,87163,87164,87167],{},[15,87165,87166],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[165,87169,87170,87173],{},[15,87171,87172],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[165,87175,87176,87179],{},[15,87177,87178],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87181,2302],{},[38,87183,87185],{"className":40,"code":87184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87186,87187,87192,87235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87188,87189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87190,87191],{"class":113},"# Read a text file\n",[47,87193,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87195,86759],{"class":752},[47,87197,86762],{"class":82},[47,87199,87],{"class":86},[47,87201,102],{"class":61},[47,87203,87204],{"class":65},"data.txt",[47,87206,102],{"class":61},[47,87208,309],{"class":86},[47,87210,62],{"class":61},[47,87212,60675],{"class":65},[47,87214,102],{"class":61},[47,87216,309],{"class":86},[47,87218,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87220,58],{"class":57},[47,87222,102],{"class":61},[47,87224,86791],{"class":65},[47,87226,102],{"class":61},[47,87228,1696],{"class":86},[47,87230,47531],{"class":752},[47,87232,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87234,795],{"class":86},[47,87236,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87238,776],{"class":82},[47,87240,87],{"class":86},[47,87242,86907],{"class":86800},[47,87244,94],{"class":86},[47,87246,86817],{"class":90},[47,87248,7370],{"class":86},[38,87250,87252],{"className":40,"code":87251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87253,87254,87259,87301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87255,87256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87257,87258],{"class":113},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,87260,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87262,86759],{"class":752},[47,87264,86762],{"class":82},[47,87266,87],{"class":86},[47,87268,102],{"class":61},[47,87270,87204],{"class":65},[47,87272,102],{"class":61},[47,87274,309],{"class":86},[47,87276,62],{"class":61},[47,87278,60658],{"class":65},[47,87280,102],{"class":61},[47,87282,309],{"class":86},[47,87284,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87286,58],{"class":57},[47,87288,102],{"class":61},[47,87290,86791],{"class":65},[47,87292,102],{"class":61},[47,87294,1696],{"class":86},[47,87296,47531],{"class":752},[47,87298,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87300,795],{"class":86},[47,87302,87303,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87319,87321],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87304,87305],{"class":86800},"    file",[47,87307,94],{"class":86},[47,87309,70362],{"class":90},[47,87311,87],{"class":86},[47,87313,102],{"class":61},[47,87315,35042],{"class":65},[47,87317,87318],{"class":34629},"\\n",[47,87320,102],{"class":61},[47,87322,286],{"class":86},[38,87324,87326],{"className":40,"code":87325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87327,87328,87333,87375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87329,87330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87331,87332],{"class":113},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87334,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87336,86759],{"class":752},[47,87338,86762],{"class":82},[47,87340,87],{"class":86},[47,87342,102],{"class":61},[47,87344,87204],{"class":65},[47,87346,102],{"class":61},[47,87348,309],{"class":86},[47,87350,62],{"class":61},[47,87352,455],{"class":65},[47,87354,102],{"class":61},[47,87356,309],{"class":86},[47,87358,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87360,58],{"class":57},[47,87362,102],{"class":61},[47,87364,86791],{"class":65},[47,87366,102],{"class":61},[47,87368,1696],{"class":86},[47,87370,47531],{"class":752},[47,87372,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87374,795],{"class":86},[47,87376,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87390,87392,87394],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87378,87305],{"class":86800},[47,87380,94],{"class":86},[47,87382,70362],{"class":90},[47,87384,87],{"class":86},[47,87386,102],{"class":61},[47,87388,87389],{"class":65},"Another line",[47,87391,87318],{"class":34629},[47,87393,102],{"class":61},[47,87395,286],{"class":86},[20,87397,69515,87398,87400],{},[15,87399,87155],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[149,87402,87404],{"id":87403},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87406,87407,22152,87409,94],{},[15,87408,86740],{},[3922,87410,86865],{},[20,87412,87413],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[162,87415,87416,87421,87426],{},[165,87417,87418],{},[15,87419,87420],{},"file.read()",[165,87422,87423],{},[15,87424,87425],{},"file.write()",[165,87427,87428],{},[15,87429,87430],{},"file.close()",[20,87432,87433],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87435,183],{},[38,87437,87439],{"className":40,"code":87438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87440,87441,87483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87442,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87444,86759],{"class":752},[47,87446,86762],{"class":82},[47,87448,87],{"class":86},[47,87450,102],{"class":61},[47,87452,86769],{"class":65},[47,87454,102],{"class":61},[47,87456,309],{"class":86},[47,87458,62],{"class":61},[47,87460,60675],{"class":65},[47,87462,102],{"class":61},[47,87464,309],{"class":86},[47,87466,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87468,58],{"class":57},[47,87470,102],{"class":61},[47,87472,86791],{"class":65},[47,87474,102],{"class":61},[47,87476,1696],{"class":86},[47,87478,47531],{"class":752},[47,87480,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87482,795],{"class":86},[47,87484,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87486,776],{"class":82},[47,87488,87],{"class":86},[47,87490,1872],{"class":1570},[47,87492,87],{"class":86},[47,87494,86907],{"class":86800},[47,87496,1879],{"class":86},[20,87498,30206],{},[38,87500,87502],{"className":40,"code":87501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87503,87504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87505,87506,87508,87510,87512,87515,87517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87507,3468],{"class":57},[47,87509,3471],{"class":2242},[47,87511,3474],{"class":61},[47,87513,87514],{"class":65},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87516,3479],{"class":61},[47,87518,3482],{"class":57},[20,87520,87521,87522,87524],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87523,86740],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[149,87526,87528],{"id":87527},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87530,87531],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,87533,87534],{"className":40,"code":86752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87535,87536,87578,87592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87537,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87539,86759],{"class":752},[47,87541,86762],{"class":82},[47,87543,87],{"class":86},[47,87545,102],{"class":61},[47,87547,86769],{"class":65},[47,87549,102],{"class":61},[47,87551,309],{"class":86},[47,87553,62],{"class":61},[47,87555,60675],{"class":65},[47,87557,102],{"class":61},[47,87559,309],{"class":86},[47,87561,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87563,58],{"class":57},[47,87565,102],{"class":61},[47,87567,86791],{"class":65},[47,87569,102],{"class":61},[47,87571,1696],{"class":86},[47,87573,47531],{"class":752},[47,87575,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87577,795],{"class":86},[47,87579,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87581,86808],{"class":53},[47,87583,58],{"class":57},[47,87585,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87587,94],{"class":86},[47,87589,86817],{"class":90},[47,87591,8817],{"class":86},[47,87593,87594,87596,87598,87600],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87595,776],{"class":82},[47,87597,87],{"class":86},[47,87599,86828],{"class":90},[47,87601,286],{"class":86},[20,87603,87604],{},"Why this is recommended:",[162,87606,87607,87612,87618,87621],{},[165,87608,87609,87611],{},[15,87610,86759],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[165,87613,87614,87615,87617],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87616,86895],{}," yourself",[165,87619,87620],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[165,87622,87623],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87625,83917,87626,87628],{},[15,87627,86759],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,87630,87631],{"className":40,"code":86900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87632,87633,87671,87685,87695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87634,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87636,86907],{"class":86800},[47,87638,13455],{"class":57},[47,87640,86762],{"class":82},[47,87642,87],{"class":86},[47,87644,102],{"class":61},[47,87646,86769],{"class":65},[47,87648,102],{"class":61},[47,87650,309],{"class":86},[47,87652,62],{"class":61},[47,87654,60675],{"class":65},[47,87656,102],{"class":61},[47,87658,309],{"class":86},[47,87660,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87662,58],{"class":57},[47,87664,102],{"class":61},[47,87666,86791],{"class":65},[47,87668,102],{"class":61},[47,87670,286],{"class":86},[47,87672,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87674,86946],{"class":53},[47,87676,58],{"class":57},[47,87678,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87680,94],{"class":86},[47,87682,86817],{"class":90},[47,87684,8817],{"class":86},[47,87686,87687,87689,87691,87693],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87688,83],{"class":82},[47,87690,87],{"class":86},[47,87692,86828],{"class":90},[47,87694,286],{"class":86},[47,87696,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,87698,86907],{"class":86800},[47,87700,94],{"class":86},[47,87702,86975],{"class":90},[47,87704,8817],{"class":86},[20,87706,87707],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[149,87709,87711],{"id":87710},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87713,87714,87715,87717],{},"Use mode ",[15,87716,86838],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[469,87719,87721],{"id":87720},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87723,87724,87726],{},[15,87725,86875],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,87728,87729],{"className":40,"code":86752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87730,87731,87773,87787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87732,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87734,86759],{"class":752},[47,87736,86762],{"class":82},[47,87738,87],{"class":86},[47,87740,102],{"class":61},[47,87742,86769],{"class":65},[47,87744,102],{"class":61},[47,87746,309],{"class":86},[47,87748,62],{"class":61},[47,87750,60675],{"class":65},[47,87752,102],{"class":61},[47,87754,309],{"class":86},[47,87756,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87758,58],{"class":57},[47,87760,102],{"class":61},[47,87762,86791],{"class":65},[47,87764,102],{"class":61},[47,87766,1696],{"class":86},[47,87768,47531],{"class":752},[47,87770,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87772,795],{"class":86},[47,87774,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87776,86808],{"class":53},[47,87778,58],{"class":57},[47,87780,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87782,94],{"class":86},[47,87784,86817],{"class":90},[47,87786,8817],{"class":86},[47,87788,87789,87791,87793,87795],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87790,776],{"class":82},[47,87792,87],{"class":86},[47,87794,86828],{"class":90},[47,87796,286],{"class":86},[469,87798,87800],{"id":87799},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87802,87803,87805],{},[15,87804,86880],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,87807,87809],{"className":40,"code":87808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87810,87811,87853,87869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87812,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87814,86759],{"class":752},[47,87816,86762],{"class":82},[47,87818,87],{"class":86},[47,87820,102],{"class":61},[47,87822,86769],{"class":65},[47,87824,102],{"class":61},[47,87826,309],{"class":86},[47,87828,62],{"class":61},[47,87830,60675],{"class":65},[47,87832,102],{"class":61},[47,87834,309],{"class":86},[47,87836,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87838,58],{"class":57},[47,87840,102],{"class":61},[47,87842,86791],{"class":65},[47,87844,102],{"class":61},[47,87846,1696],{"class":86},[47,87848,47531],{"class":752},[47,87850,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87852,795],{"class":86},[47,87854,87855,87858,87860,87862,87864,87867],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87856,87857],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87859,58],{"class":57},[47,87861,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87863,94],{"class":86},[47,87865,87866],{"class":90},"readline",[47,87868,8817],{"class":86},[47,87870,87871,87873,87875,87878],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87872,776],{"class":82},[47,87874,87],{"class":86},[47,87876,87877],{"class":90},"first_line",[47,87879,286],{"class":86},[469,87881,87883],{"id":87882},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87885,87886],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,87888,87890],{"className":40,"code":87889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87891,87892,87934,87948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87893,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87895,86759],{"class":752},[47,87897,86762],{"class":82},[47,87899,87],{"class":86},[47,87901,102],{"class":61},[47,87903,86769],{"class":65},[47,87905,102],{"class":61},[47,87907,309],{"class":86},[47,87909,62],{"class":61},[47,87911,60675],{"class":65},[47,87913,102],{"class":61},[47,87915,309],{"class":86},[47,87917,86784],{"class":9350},[47,87919,58],{"class":57},[47,87921,102],{"class":61},[47,87923,86791],{"class":65},[47,87925,102],{"class":61},[47,87927,1696],{"class":86},[47,87929,47531],{"class":752},[47,87931,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87933,795],{"class":86},[47,87935,87936,87939,87942,87944,87946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87937,87938],{"class":752},"    for",[47,87940,87941],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87943,1613],{"class":752},[47,87945,86801],{"class":86800},[47,87947,795],{"class":86},[47,87949,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,87951,47511],{"class":82},[47,87953,87],{"class":86},[47,87955,49],{"class":90},[47,87957,94],{"class":86},[47,87959,8810],{"class":90},[47,87961,7370],{"class":86},[20,87963,87964,87965,32,87969,94],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[455,87966,87968],{"href":87967},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[455,87970,87972],{"href":87971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[149,87974,87976],{"id":87975},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87978,144,87979,87981],{},[15,87980,87155],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,87983,87985],{"className":40,"code":87984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87986,87987,88030,88051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87988,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87990,86759],{"class":752},[47,87992,86762],{"class":82},[47,87994,87],{"class":86},[47,87996,102],{"class":61},[47,87998,87999],{"class":65},"output.txt",[47,88001,102],{"class":61},[47,88003,309],{"class":86},[47,88005,62],{"class":61},[47,88007,60658],{"class":65},[47,88009,102],{"class":61},[47,88011,309],{"class":86},[47,88013,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88015,58],{"class":57},[47,88017,102],{"class":61},[47,88019,86791],{"class":65},[47,88021,102],{"class":61},[47,88023,1696],{"class":86},[47,88025,47531],{"class":752},[47,88027,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88029,795],{"class":86},[47,88031,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88045,88047,88049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88033,87305],{"class":86800},[47,88035,94],{"class":86},[47,88037,70362],{"class":90},[47,88039,87],{"class":86},[47,88041,102],{"class":61},[47,88043,88044],{"class":65},"First line",[47,88046,87318],{"class":34629},[47,88048,102],{"class":61},[47,88050,286],{"class":86},[47,88052,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88066,88068,88070],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,88054,87305],{"class":86800},[47,88056,94],{"class":86},[47,88058,70362],{"class":90},[47,88060,87],{"class":86},[47,88062,102],{"class":61},[47,88064,88065],{"class":65},"Second line",[47,88067,87318],{"class":34629},[47,88069,102],{"class":61},[47,88071,286],{"class":86},[20,88073,144,88074,88076],{},[15,88075,18274],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,88078,88080],{"className":40,"code":88079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88081,88082,88124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88083,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88085,86759],{"class":752},[47,88087,86762],{"class":82},[47,88089,87],{"class":86},[47,88091,102],{"class":61},[47,88093,87999],{"class":65},[47,88095,102],{"class":61},[47,88097,309],{"class":86},[47,88099,62],{"class":61},[47,88101,455],{"class":65},[47,88103,102],{"class":61},[47,88105,309],{"class":86},[47,88107,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88109,58],{"class":57},[47,88111,102],{"class":61},[47,88113,86791],{"class":65},[47,88115,102],{"class":61},[47,88117,1696],{"class":86},[47,88119,47531],{"class":752},[47,88121,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88123,795],{"class":86},[47,88125,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88139,88141,88143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88127,87305],{"class":86800},[47,88129,94],{"class":86},[47,88131,70362],{"class":90},[47,88133,87],{"class":86},[47,88135,102],{"class":61},[47,88137,88138],{"class":65},"Third line",[47,88140,87318],{"class":34629},[47,88142,102],{"class":61},[47,88144,286],{"class":86},[20,88146,88147],{},"Important detail:",[162,88149,88150,88155,88162],{},[165,88151,88152,88154],{},[15,88153,86890],{}," writes a string",[165,88156,88157,14233,88159,88161],{},[15,88158,86890],{},[3922,88160,4813],{}," add a newline for you",[165,88163,88164,88165,87617],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88166,87318],{},[20,88168,88169,88170,32,88174,94],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[455,88171,88173],{"href":88172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[455,88175,88177],{"href":88176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[149,88179,88181],{"id":88180},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88183,88184],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[469,88186,88188],{"id":88187},"encodingutf-8",[15,88189,87135],{},[20,88191,88192],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,88194,88196],{"className":40,"code":88195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88197,88198,88241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88199,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88201,86759],{"class":752},[47,88203,86762],{"class":82},[47,88205,87],{"class":86},[47,88207,102],{"class":61},[47,88209,88210],{"class":65},"message.txt",[47,88212,102],{"class":61},[47,88214,309],{"class":86},[47,88216,62],{"class":61},[47,88218,60675],{"class":65},[47,88220,102],{"class":61},[47,88222,309],{"class":86},[47,88224,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88226,58],{"class":57},[47,88228,102],{"class":61},[47,88230,86791],{"class":65},[47,88232,102],{"class":61},[47,88234,1696],{"class":86},[47,88236,47531],{"class":752},[47,88238,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88240,795],{"class":86},[47,88242,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88244,776],{"class":82},[47,88246,87],{"class":86},[47,88248,86907],{"class":86800},[47,88250,94],{"class":86},[47,88252,86817],{"class":90},[47,88254,7370],{"class":86},[20,88256,88257],{},"Why it matters:",[162,88259,88260,88263,88266],{},[165,88261,88262],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[165,88264,88265],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[165,88267,88268],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[469,88270,88272],{"id":88271},"newline",[15,88273,88271],{},[20,88275,88276],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88278,88279],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[469,88281,88283],{"id":88282},"buffering",[15,88284,88282],{},[20,88286,88287],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88289,88290],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[149,88292,88294],{"id":88293},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88296,88297],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[469,88299,88301],{"id":88300},"filenotfounderror",[15,88302,88303],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88305,88306],{},"This happens when:",[162,88308,88309,88312,88315],{},[165,88310,88311],{},"the file does not exist",[165,88313,88314],{},"the path is wrong",[165,88316,88317],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88319,183],{},[38,88321,88323],{"className":40,"code":88322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88324,88325,88368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88326,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88328,86759],{"class":752},[47,88330,86762],{"class":82},[47,88332,87],{"class":86},[47,88334,102],{"class":61},[47,88336,88337],{"class":65},"missing.txt",[47,88339,102],{"class":61},[47,88341,309],{"class":86},[47,88343,62],{"class":61},[47,88345,60675],{"class":65},[47,88347,102],{"class":61},[47,88349,309],{"class":86},[47,88351,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88353,58],{"class":57},[47,88355,102],{"class":61},[47,88357,86791],{"class":65},[47,88359,102],{"class":61},[47,88361,1696],{"class":86},[47,88363,47531],{"class":752},[47,88365,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88367,795],{"class":86},[47,88369,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88371,776],{"class":82},[47,88373,87],{"class":86},[47,88375,86907],{"class":86800},[47,88377,94],{"class":86},[47,88379,86817],{"class":90},[47,88381,7370],{"class":86},[20,88383,88384,88385,837,88393,94],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[455,88386,88388,88389,88392],{"href":88387},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88390,88391],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[455,88394,88396],{"href":88395},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[469,88398,88400],{"id":88399},"permissionerror",[15,88401,88402],{},"PermissionError",[20,88404,88405],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88407,88408],{},"Example causes:",[162,88410,88411,88414,88417],{},[165,88412,88413],{},"the file is protected",[165,88415,88416],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[165,88418,88419],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88421,88422,88423],{},"Related page: ",[455,88424,88426,88427,88430],{"href":88425},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88428,88429],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[469,88432,88434],{"id":88433},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88435,88436],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88438,88439],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88441,183],{},[38,88443,88445],{"className":40,"code":88444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88446,88447,88490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88448,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88450,86759],{"class":752},[47,88452,86762],{"class":82},[47,88454,87],{"class":86},[47,88456,102],{"class":61},[47,88458,88459],{"class":65},"my_folder",[47,88461,102],{"class":61},[47,88463,309],{"class":86},[47,88465,62],{"class":61},[47,88467,60675],{"class":65},[47,88469,102],{"class":61},[47,88471,309],{"class":86},[47,88473,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88475,58],{"class":57},[47,88477,102],{"class":61},[47,88479,86791],{"class":65},[47,88481,102],{"class":61},[47,88483,1696],{"class":86},[47,88485,47531],{"class":752},[47,88487,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88489,795],{"class":86},[47,88491,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88493,776],{"class":82},[47,88495,87],{"class":86},[47,88497,86907],{"class":86800},[47,88499,94],{"class":86},[47,88501,86817],{"class":90},[47,88503,7370],{"class":86},[20,88505,88422,88506],{},[455,88507,88509,88510,88513],{"href":88508},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88511,88512],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[469,88515,88517],{"id":88516},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88518,88519],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88521,88522,88523,94],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88524,86740],{},[20,88526,88422,88527],{},[455,88528,88530],{"href":88529},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[149,88532,88534],{"id":88533},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88536,88537,88538,88540],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88539,86740],{}," function.",[20,88542,88543],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[162,88545,88546,88549,88552,88558],{},[165,88547,88548],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[165,88550,88551],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[165,88553,88554,88555,88557],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88556,86740],{}," itself",[165,88559,88560,88561],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[455,88562,88564],{"href":88563},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[149,88566,1425],{"id":1424},[20,88568,88569,88570,3062],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88571,86740],{},[162,88573,88574,88579,88585,88590,88593,88596],{},[165,88575,831,88576,88578],{},[15,88577,86838],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[165,88580,88581,88582,88584],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88583,87039],{}," for text files",[165,88586,831,88587,88589],{},[15,88588,87155],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[165,88591,88592],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[165,88594,88595],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[165,88597,88598],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88600,88601],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,88603,88605],{"className":40,"code":88604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88606,88607,88614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88608,88609,88611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88610,35266],{"class":752},[47,88612,88613],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88615,88616,88618,88620,88622,88624,88627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88617,83],{"class":82},[47,88619,87],{"class":86},[47,88621,42800],{"class":90},[47,88623,94],{"class":86},[47,88625,88626],{"class":90},"getcwd",[47,88628,7370],{"class":86},[20,88630,88631],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,88633,88635],{"className":40,"code":88634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88636,88637,88643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88638,88639,88641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88640,35266],{"class":752},[47,88642,88613],{"class":53},[47,88644,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88656,88658,88661,88663,88665,88667,88669],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88646,83],{"class":82},[47,88648,87],{"class":86},[47,88650,42800],{"class":90},[47,88652,94],{"class":86},[47,88654,88655],{"class":24927},"path",[47,88657,94],{"class":86},[47,88659,88660],{"class":90},"exists",[47,88662,87],{"class":86},[47,88664,102],{"class":61},[47,88666,86769],{"class":65},[47,88668,102],{"class":61},[47,88670,1879],{"class":86},[20,88672,88673],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,88675,88677],{"className":40,"code":88676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88678,88679,88685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88680,88681,88683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88682,35266],{"class":752},[47,88684,88613],{"class":53},[47,88686,88687,88689,88691,88693,88695,88697,88699,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88688,83],{"class":82},[47,88690,87],{"class":86},[47,88692,42800],{"class":90},[47,88694,94],{"class":86},[47,88696,88655],{"class":24927},[47,88698,94],{"class":86},[47,88700,88701],{"class":90},"isfile",[47,88703,87],{"class":86},[47,88705,102],{"class":61},[47,88707,86769],{"class":65},[47,88709,102],{"class":61},[47,88711,1879],{"class":86},[20,88713,88714],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,88716,88718],{"className":40,"code":88717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88719,88720,88762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88721,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88723,86759],{"class":752},[47,88725,86762],{"class":82},[47,88727,87],{"class":86},[47,88729,102],{"class":61},[47,88731,86769],{"class":65},[47,88733,102],{"class":61},[47,88735,309],{"class":86},[47,88737,62],{"class":61},[47,88739,60675],{"class":65},[47,88741,102],{"class":61},[47,88743,309],{"class":86},[47,88745,86784],{"class":9350},[47,88747,58],{"class":57},[47,88749,102],{"class":61},[47,88751,86791],{"class":65},[47,88753,102],{"class":61},[47,88755,1696],{"class":86},[47,88757,47531],{"class":752},[47,88759,86801],{"class":86800},[47,88761,795],{"class":86},[47,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88765,776],{"class":82},[47,88767,87],{"class":86},[47,88769,86907],{"class":86800},[47,88771,94],{"class":86},[47,88773,86817],{"class":90},[47,88775,7370],{"class":86},[20,88777,88778],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[149,88780,1962],{"id":1961},[469,88782,88784],{"id":88783},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88786,88787],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[469,88789,88791],{"id":88790},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88793,88794,88795,88797],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88796,86759],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[469,88799,2032,88801,837,88803,88805],{"id":88800},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88802,87155],{},[15,88804,18274],{}," mode?",[20,88807,88808,88810,88811,88813],{},[15,88809,87155],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88812,18274],{}," adds new content to the end.",[469,88815,88817],{"id":88816},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88819,88820],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[469,88822,88824],{"id":88823},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88826,88827,88828,88830],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88829,87135],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[149,88832,2062],{"id":2061},[162,88834,88835,88839,88843,88847,88851,88855,88859,88865],{},[165,88836,88837],{},[455,88838,87968],{"href":87967},[165,88840,88841],{},[455,88842,88173],{"href":88172},[165,88844,88845],{},[455,88846,88177],{"href":88176},[165,88848,88849],{},[455,88850,87972],{"href":87971},[165,88852,88853],{},[455,88854,88564],{"href":88563},[165,88856,88857],{},[455,88858,88396],{"href":88395},[165,88860,88861],{},[455,88862,88388,88863,88392],{"href":88387},[47,88864,88391],{},[165,88866,88867],{},[455,88868,88426,88869,88430],{"href":88425},[47,88870,88429],{},[2093,88872,88873],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":88875},[88876,88877,88878,88879,88880,88881,88882,88887,88888,88893,88899,88900,88901,88909],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":86842,"depth":72,"text":86843},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":87139,"depth":72,"text":87140},{"id":87403,"depth":72,"text":87404},{"id":87527,"depth":72,"text":87528},{"id":87710,"depth":72,"text":87711,"children":88883},[88884,88885,88886],{"id":87720,"depth":79,"text":87721},{"id":87799,"depth":79,"text":87800},{"id":87882,"depth":79,"text":87883},{"id":87975,"depth":72,"text":87976},{"id":88180,"depth":72,"text":88181,"children":88889},[88890,88891,88892],{"id":88187,"depth":79,"text":87135},{"id":88271,"depth":79,"text":88271},{"id":88282,"depth":79,"text":88282},{"id":88293,"depth":72,"text":88294,"children":88894},[88895,88896,88897,88898],{"id":88300,"depth":79,"text":88303},{"id":88399,"depth":79,"text":88402},{"id":88433,"depth":79,"text":88436},{"id":88516,"depth":79,"text":88519},{"id":88533,"depth":72,"text":88534},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":88902},[88903,88904,88905,88907,88908],{"id":88783,"depth":79,"text":88784},{"id":88790,"depth":79,"text":88791},{"id":88800,"depth":79,"text":88906},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88816,"depth":79,"text":88817},{"id":88823,"depth":79,"text":88824},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86730,"description":88910},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88917,"title":88918,"body":88919,"description":90914,"extension":2138,"meta":90915,"navigation":75,"path":90916,"seo":90917,"stem":90918,"__hash__":90919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88920,"toc":90861},[88921,88926,88931,88937,88939,89007,89009,89028,89033,89038,89043,89046,89058,89060,89103,89105,89123,89134,89136,89138,89163,89165,89176,89178,89238,89240,89266,89269,89273,89278,89282,89285,89319,89323,89326,89351,89355,89378,89382,89415,89420,89424,89429,89432,89500,89502,89526,89531,89534,89565,89567,89599,89616,89620,89625,89649,89656,89661,89666,89669,89673,89708,89710,89719,89723,89814,89816,89847,89852,89859,89864,89873,89876,89910,89912,89926,89930,89971,89973,89982,89986,90034,90036,90050,90055,90066,90073,90079,90081,90116,90118,90132,90135,90157,90163,90192,90203,90209,90215,90229,90231,90310,90312,90362,90369,90371,90376,90380,90383,90398,90403,90405,90424,90430,90433,90448,90450,90468,90474,90479,90509,90512,90535,90538,90565,90572,90578,90586,90609,90614,90622,90624,90644,90648,90654,90704,90707,90729,90731,90737,90745,90751,90757,90765,90770,90774,90777,90800,90805,90812,90824,90826,90858],[10,88922,3755,88924,3759],{"id":88923},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88925,46625],{},[20,88927,32492,88928,88930],{},[15,88929,46625],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88932,88933,88934,88936],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88935,46625],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[149,88938,2179],{"id":2178},[38,88940,88942],{"className":40,"code":88941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88943,88944,88956,88965,88969,88979,88989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88945,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88947,193],{"class":53},[47,88949,58],{"class":57},[47,88951,62],{"class":61},[47,88953,8097],{"class":65},[47,88955,69],{"class":61},[47,88957,88958,88960,88962],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88959,21805],{"class":53},[47,88961,58],{"class":57},[47,88963,88964],{"class":445}," 12\n",[47,88966,88967],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,88968,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,88970,88971,88973,88975,88977],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,88972,83],{"class":82},[47,88974,87],{"class":86},[47,88976,214],{"class":90},[47,88978,286],{"class":86},[47,88980,88981,88983,88985,88987],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,88982,83],{"class":82},[47,88984,87],{"class":86},[47,88986,9473],{"class":90},[47,88988,286],{"class":86},[47,88990,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,88992,83],{"class":82},[47,88994,87],{"class":86},[47,88996,102],{"class":61},[47,88998,35042],{"class":65},[47,89000,102],{"class":61},[47,89002,309],{"class":86},[47,89004,36168],{"class":90},[47,89006,286],{"class":86},[20,89008,814],{},[38,89010,89012],{"className":40,"code":89011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89013,89014,89019,89023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89015,89016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89017,89018],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,89020,89021],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89022,2402],{"class":445},[47,89024,89025],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89026,89027],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89029,144,89030,89032],{},[15,89031,46625],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[149,89034,152,89036,155],{"id":89035},"what-print-does",[15,89037,46625],{},[20,89039,89040,89042],{},[15,89041,46625],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89044,89045],{},"You can use it to display:",[162,89047,89048,89050,89052,89055],{},[165,89049,91],{},[165,89051,3830],{},[165,89053,89054],{},"variables",[165,89056,89057],{},"expressions",[20,89059,183],{},[38,89061,89063],{"className":40,"code":89062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89064,89065,89079,89089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89066,89067,89069,89071,89073,89075,89077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89068,83],{"class":82},[47,89070,87],{"class":86},[47,89072,102],{"class":61},[47,89074,35042],{"class":65},[47,89076,102],{"class":61},[47,89078,286],{"class":86},[47,89080,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89082,83],{"class":82},[47,89084,87],{"class":86},[47,89086,2313],{"class":445},[47,89088,286],{"class":86},[47,89090,89091,89093,89095,89097,89099,89101],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89092,83],{"class":82},[47,89094,87],{"class":86},[47,89096,2233],{"class":445},[47,89098,2633],{"class":57},[47,89100,2630],{"class":445},[47,89102,286],{"class":86},[20,89104,814],{},[38,89106,89108],{"className":40,"code":89107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89109,89110,89115,89119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89111,89112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89113,89114],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,89116,89117],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89118,3124],{"class":445},[47,89120,89121],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89122,3124],{"class":445},[20,89124,89125,89126,89128,89129,89133],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89127,46625],{}," ",[3922,89130,3870,89131],{},[15,89132,3958],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[149,89135,261],{"id":260},[20,89137,30902],{},[38,89139,89141],{"className":40,"code":89140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89142,89143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89144,89145,89147,89149,89152,89154,89157,89159,89161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89146,83],{"class":82},[47,89148,87],{"class":86},[47,89150,89151],{"class":90},"object1",[47,89153,309],{"class":86},[47,89155,89156],{"class":90}," object2",[47,89158,309],{"class":86},[47,89160,34630],{"class":82},[47,89162,286],{"class":86},[20,89164,80368],{},[162,89166,89167,89170,89173],{},[165,89168,89169],{},"one value",[165,89171,89172],{},"many values",[165,89174,89175],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89177,183],{},[38,89179,89181],{"className":40,"code":89180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89182,89183,89197,89216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89184,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89186,83],{"class":82},[47,89188,87],{"class":86},[47,89190,102],{"class":61},[47,89192,57938],{"class":65},[47,89194,102],{"class":61},[47,89196,286],{"class":86},[47,89198,89199,89201,89203,89205,89208,89210,89212,89214],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89200,83],{"class":82},[47,89202,87],{"class":86},[47,89204,102],{"class":61},[47,89206,89207],{"class":65},"Score:",[47,89209,102],{"class":61},[47,89211,309],{"class":86},[47,89213,6184],{"class":445},[47,89215,286],{"class":86},[47,89217,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89219,83],{"class":82},[47,89221,87],{"class":86},[47,89223,102],{"class":61},[47,89225,45736],{"class":65},[47,89227,102],{"class":61},[47,89229,309],{"class":86},[47,89231,912],{"class":445},[47,89233,2633],{"class":57},[47,89235,446],{"class":445},[47,89237,286],{"class":86},[20,89239,814],{},[38,89241,89243],{"className":40,"code":89242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89244,89245,89249,89258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89246,89247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89248,85521],{"class":53},[47,89250,89251,89254,89256],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89252,89253],{"class":53},"Score",[47,89255,3062],{"class":86},[47,89257,2765],{"class":445},[47,89259,89260,89262,89264],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89261,45776],{"class":53},[47,89263,3062],{"class":86},[47,89265,2765],{"class":445},[20,89267,89268],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[149,89270,89272],{"id":89271},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89274,89275,89276,94],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89277,46625],{},[469,89279,89281],{"id":89280},"print-text","Print text",[20,89283,89284],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,89286,89288],{"className":40,"code":89287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89289,89290,89304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89293,83],{"class":82},[47,89295,87],{"class":86},[47,89297,102],{"class":61},[47,89299,35042],{"class":65},[47,89301,102],{"class":61},[47,89303,286],{"class":86},[47,89305,89306,89308,89310,89312,89315,89317],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89307,83],{"class":82},[47,89309,87],{"class":86},[47,89311,102],{"class":61},[47,89313,89314],{"class":65},"Python is fun",[47,89316,102],{"class":61},[47,89318,286],{"class":86},[469,89320,89322],{"id":89321},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89324,89325],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,89327,89329],{"className":40,"code":89328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89330,89331,89341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89334,83],{"class":82},[47,89336,87],{"class":86},[47,89338,2313],{"class":445},[47,89340,286],{"class":86},[47,89342,89343,89345,89347,89349],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89344,83],{"class":82},[47,89346,87],{"class":86},[47,89348,40318],{"class":445},[47,89350,286],{"class":86},[469,89352,89354],{"id":89353},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,89356,89358],{"className":40,"code":89357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89359,89360,89368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89361,89362,89364,89366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89363,5276],{"class":53},[47,89365,58],{"class":57},[47,89367,14310],{"class":445},[47,89369,89370,89372,89374,89376],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89371,83],{"class":82},[47,89373,87],{"class":86},[47,89375,85685],{"class":90},[47,89377,286],{"class":86},[469,89379,89381],{"id":89380},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,89383,89385],{"className":40,"code":89384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89386,89387,89401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89390,83],{"class":82},[47,89392,87],{"class":86},[47,89394,2233],{"class":445},[47,89396,2633],{"class":57},[47,89398,2630],{"class":445},[47,89400,286],{"class":86},[47,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89404,83],{"class":82},[47,89406,87],{"class":86},[47,89408,2509],{"class":445},[47,89410,82997],{"class":57},[47,89412,912],{"class":445},[47,89414,286],{"class":86},[20,89416,89417,89418,94],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[455,89419,51147],{"href":457},[149,89421,89423],{"id":89422},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89425,89426,89428],{},[15,89427,46625],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89430,89431],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,89433,89435],{"className":40,"code":89434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89436,89437,89450,89458,89462,89481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89438,89439,89441,89443,89445,89448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89440,193],{"class":53},[47,89442,58],{"class":57},[47,89444,62],{"class":61},[47,89446,89447],{"class":65},"Ava",[47,89449,69],{"class":61},[47,89451,89452,89454,89456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89453,21805],{"class":53},[47,89455,58],{"class":57},[47,89457,2765],{"class":445},[47,89459,89460],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,89461,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,89463,89464,89466,89468,89470,89473,89475,89477,89479],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,89465,83],{"class":82},[47,89467,87],{"class":86},[47,89469,102],{"class":61},[47,89471,89472],{"class":65},"Name:",[47,89474,102],{"class":61},[47,89476,309],{"class":86},[47,89478,36168],{"class":90},[47,89480,286],{"class":86},[47,89482,89483,89485,89487,89489,89492,89494,89496,89498],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,89484,83],{"class":82},[47,89486,87],{"class":86},[47,89488,102],{"class":61},[47,89490,89491],{"class":65},"Age:",[47,89493,102],{"class":61},[47,89495,309],{"class":86},[47,89497,9363],{"class":90},[47,89499,286],{"class":86},[20,89501,814],{},[38,89503,89505],{"className":40,"code":89504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89506,89507,89517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89508,89509,89512,89514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89510,89511],{"class":53},"Name",[47,89513,3062],{"class":86},[47,89515,89516],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,89518,89519,89522,89524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89520,89521],{"class":53},"Age",[47,89523,3062],{"class":86},[47,89525,2765],{"class":445},[20,89527,89528,89529,94],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89530,2236],{},[20,89532,89533],{},"For example, this works:",[38,89535,89537],{"className":40,"code":89536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89538,89539,89547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89540,89541,89543,89545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89542,21805],{"class":53},[47,89544,58],{"class":57},[47,89546,2765],{"class":445},[47,89548,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89550,83],{"class":82},[47,89552,87],{"class":86},[47,89554,102],{"class":61},[47,89556,89491],{"class":65},[47,89558,102],{"class":61},[47,89560,309],{"class":86},[47,89562,9363],{"class":90},[47,89564,286],{"class":86},[20,89566,37102],{},[38,89568,89570],{"className":40,"code":89569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89571,89572,89580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89573,89574,89576,89578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89575,21805],{"class":53},[47,89577,58],{"class":57},[47,89579,2765],{"class":445},[47,89581,89582,89584,89586,89588,89591,89593,89595,89597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89583,83],{"class":82},[47,89585,87],{"class":86},[47,89587,102],{"class":61},[47,89589,89590],{"class":65},"Age: ",[47,89592,102],{"class":61},[47,89594,2633],{"class":57},[47,89596,9363],{"class":90},[47,89598,286],{"class":86},[20,89600,89601,89602,89605,89606,89608,89609,89611,89612,94],{},"That fails because ",[15,89603,89604],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89607,9473],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89610,2236],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[455,89613,89614],{"href":42350},[15,89615,47857],{},[149,89617,89619],{"id":89618},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89621,89622,89624],{},[15,89623,46625],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[162,89626,89627,89633,89638,89643],{},[165,89628,89629,89632],{},[15,89630,89631],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[165,89634,89635,89637],{},[15,89636,575],{}," controls what is added after the output",[165,89639,89640,89642],{},[15,89641,86907],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[165,89644,89645,89648],{},[15,89646,89647],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89650,89651,89652,837,89654,94],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89653,89631],{},[15,89655,575],{},[149,89657,89659,36791],{"id":89658},"sep-argument",[15,89660,89631],{},[20,89662,842,89663,89665],{},[15,89664,89631],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89667,89668],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[469,89670,89672],{"id":89671},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,89674,89676],{"className":40,"code":89675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89677,89678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89679,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704,89706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89681,83],{"class":82},[47,89683,87],{"class":86},[47,89685,102],{"class":61},[47,89687,13271],{"class":65},[47,89689,102],{"class":61},[47,89691,309],{"class":86},[47,89693,62],{"class":61},[47,89695,17633],{"class":65},[47,89697,102],{"class":61},[47,89699,309],{"class":86},[47,89701,62],{"class":61},[47,89703,13288],{"class":65},[47,89705,102],{"class":61},[47,89707,286],{"class":86},[20,89709,814],{},[38,89711,89713],{"className":40,"code":89712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,89714,89715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89716,89717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89718,89712],{"class":53},[469,89720,89722],{"id":89721},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,89724,89726],{"className":40,"code":89725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89727,89728,89771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89729,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89731,83],{"class":82},[47,89733,87],{"class":86},[47,89735,102],{"class":61},[47,89737,13271],{"class":65},[47,89739,102],{"class":61},[47,89741,309],{"class":86},[47,89743,62],{"class":61},[47,89745,17633],{"class":65},[47,89747,102],{"class":61},[47,89749,309],{"class":86},[47,89751,62],{"class":61},[47,89753,13288],{"class":65},[47,89755,102],{"class":61},[47,89757,309],{"class":86},[47,89759,89760],{"class":9350}," sep",[47,89762,58],{"class":57},[47,89764,102],{"class":61},[47,89766,309],{"class":65},[47,89768,102],{"class":61},[47,89770,286],{"class":86},[47,89772,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807,89810,89812],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89774,83],{"class":82},[47,89776,87],{"class":86},[47,89778,102],{"class":61},[47,89780,13271],{"class":65},[47,89782,102],{"class":61},[47,89784,309],{"class":86},[47,89786,62],{"class":61},[47,89788,17633],{"class":65},[47,89790,102],{"class":61},[47,89792,309],{"class":86},[47,89794,62],{"class":61},[47,89796,13288],{"class":65},[47,89798,102],{"class":61},[47,89800,309],{"class":86},[47,89802,89760],{"class":9350},[47,89804,58],{"class":57},[47,89806,102],{"class":61},[47,89808,89809],{"class":65}," - ",[47,89811,102],{"class":61},[47,89813,286],{"class":86},[20,89815,814],{},[38,89817,89819],{"className":40,"code":89818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89820,89821,89833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89822,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89824,13271],{"class":53},[47,89826,309],{"class":86},[47,89828,17633],{"class":53},[47,89830,309],{"class":86},[47,89832,70148],{"class":53},[47,89834,89835,89838,89840,89843,89845],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89836,89837],{"class":53},"red ",[47,89839,2198],{"class":57},[47,89841,89842],{"class":53}," green ",[47,89844,2198],{"class":57},[47,89846,36057],{"class":53},[20,89848,89849,89851],{},[15,89850,89631],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89853,89854,89855,94],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[455,89856,89858],{"href":89857},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[149,89860,89862,36791],{"id":89861},"end-argument",[15,89863,575],{},[20,89865,89866,89867,89869,89870,89872],{},"By default, ",[15,89868,46625],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89871,46625],{}," starts on a new line.",[469,89874,89672],{"id":89875},"default-behavior-1",[38,89877,89879],{"className":40,"code":89878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89880,89881,89895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89882,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89884,83],{"class":82},[47,89886,87],{"class":86},[47,89888,102],{"class":61},[47,89890,35042],{"class":65},[47,89892,102],{"class":61},[47,89894,286],{"class":86},[47,89896,89897,89899,89901,89903,89906,89908],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89898,83],{"class":82},[47,89900,87],{"class":86},[47,89902,102],{"class":61},[47,89904,89905],{"class":65},"World",[47,89907,102],{"class":61},[47,89909,286],{"class":86},[20,89911,814],{},[38,89913,89915],{"className":40,"code":89914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89916,89917,89921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89918,89919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89920,89114],{"class":53},[47,89922,89923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89924,89925],{"class":53},"World\n",[469,89927,89929],{"id":89928},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,89931,89933],{"className":40,"code":89932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89934,89935,89957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89936,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89938,83],{"class":82},[47,89940,87],{"class":86},[47,89942,102],{"class":61},[47,89944,35042],{"class":65},[47,89946,102],{"class":61},[47,89948,309],{"class":86},[47,89950,335],{"class":9350},[47,89952,58],{"class":57},[47,89954,6452],{"class":61},[47,89956,286],{"class":86},[47,89958,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967,89969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89960,83],{"class":82},[47,89962,87],{"class":86},[47,89964,102],{"class":61},[47,89966,89905],{"class":65},[47,89968,102],{"class":61},[47,89970,286],{"class":86},[20,89972,814],{},[38,89974,89976],{"className":40,"code":89975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89977,89978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89979,89980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89981,89975],{"class":53},[469,89983,89985],{"id":89984},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,89987,89989],{"className":40,"code":89988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89990,89991,90020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89992,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90014,90016,90018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89994,83],{"class":82},[47,89996,87],{"class":86},[47,89998,102],{"class":61},[47,90000,35042],{"class":65},[47,90002,102],{"class":61},[47,90004,309],{"class":86},[47,90006,335],{"class":9350},[47,90008,58],{"class":57},[47,90010,102],{"class":61},[47,90012,90013],{"class":65},"!",[47,90015,87318],{"class":34629},[47,90017,102],{"class":61},[47,90019,286],{"class":86},[47,90021,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90023,83],{"class":82},[47,90025,87],{"class":86},[47,90027,102],{"class":61},[47,90029,89905],{"class":65},[47,90031,102],{"class":61},[47,90033,286],{"class":86},[20,90035,814],{},[38,90037,90039],{"className":40,"code":90038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90040,90041,90046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90042,90043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90044,90045],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,90047,90048],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90049,89925],{"class":53},[20,90051,842,90052,90054],{},[15,90053,575],{}," argument is useful for:",[162,90056,90057,90060,90063],{},[165,90058,90059],{},"progress messages",[165,90061,90062],{},"inline output",[165,90064,90065],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[149,90067,90069,2576,90071],{"id":90068},"print-returns-none",[15,90070,46625],{},[15,90072,3958],{},[20,90074,90075,90076,90078],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90077,46625],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90080,183],{},[38,90082,90084],{"className":40,"code":90083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90085,90086,90106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90087,90088,90090,90092,90095,90097,90099,90102,90104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90089,2407],{"class":53},[47,90091,58],{"class":57},[47,90093,90094],{"class":82}," print",[47,90096,87],{"class":86},[47,90098,102],{"class":61},[47,90100,90101],{"class":65},"Hi",[47,90103,102],{"class":61},[47,90105,286],{"class":86},[47,90107,90108,90110,90112,90114],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90109,83],{"class":82},[47,90111,87],{"class":86},[47,90113,2442],{"class":90},[47,90115,286],{"class":86},[20,90117,814],{},[38,90119,90121],{"className":40,"code":90120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90122,90123,90128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90124,90125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90126,90127],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,90129,90130],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90131,11985],{"class":4032},[20,90133,90134],{},"Why does this happen?",[162,90136,90137,90145,90150],{},[165,90138,90139,90142,90143],{},[15,90140,90141],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90144,90101],{},[165,90146,90147,90148],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90149,3958],{},[165,90151,90152,90153,12097,90155],{},"so ",[15,90154,2442],{},[15,90156,3958],{},[20,90158,90159,90160,90162],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90161,46625],{}," call.",[38,90164,90166],{"className":40,"code":90165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90167,90168,90181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90169,90170,90173,90175,90177,90179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90171,90172],{"class":53},"message ",[47,90174,58],{"class":57},[47,90176,62],{"class":61},[47,90178,90101],{"class":65},[47,90180,69],{"class":61},[47,90182,90183,90185,90187,90190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90184,83],{"class":82},[47,90186,87],{"class":86},[47,90188,90189],{"class":90},"message",[47,90191,286],{"class":86},[20,90193,90194,90195,90197,90198,90202],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90196,46625],{}," with functions like ",[455,90199,90200],{"href":8395},[15,90201,3135],{},", which do return a value.",[149,90204,90206,90207],{"id":90205},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90208,46625],{},[20,90210,90211,90212,90214],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90213,46625],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[162,90216,90217,90220,90223,90226],{},[165,90218,90219],{},"to display results to the user",[165,90221,90222],{},"to show messages in a script",[165,90224,90225],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[165,90227,90228],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90230,183],{},[38,90232,90234],{"className":40,"code":90233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90235,90236,90244,90248,90268,90279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90237,90238,90240,90242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90239,41357],{"class":53},[47,90241,58],{"class":57},[47,90243,38688],{"class":445},[47,90245,90246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90247,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,90249,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264,90266],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,90251,6137],{"class":752},[47,90253,6566],{"class":53},[47,90255,1613],{"class":752},[47,90257,54240],{"class":82},[47,90259,87],{"class":86},[47,90261,1598],{"class":445},[47,90263,309],{"class":86},[47,90265,912],{"class":445},[47,90267,771],{"class":86},[47,90269,90270,90273,90276],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,90271,90272],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,90274,90275],{"class":57},"+=",[47,90277,90278],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300,90302,90304,90306,90308],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,90282,776],{"class":82},[47,90284,87],{"class":86},[47,90286,102],{"class":61},[47,90288,90289],{"class":65},"Current number:",[47,90291,102],{"class":61},[47,90293,309],{"class":86},[47,90295,2374],{"class":90},[47,90297,309],{"class":86},[47,90299,62],{"class":61},[47,90301,45736],{"class":65},[47,90303,102],{"class":61},[47,90305,309],{"class":86},[47,90307,45743],{"class":90},[47,90309,286],{"class":86},[20,90311,814],{},[38,90313,90315],{"className":40,"code":90314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90316,90317,90333,90347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90318,90319,90322,90324,90326,90329,90331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90320,90321],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,90323,3062],{"class":86},[47,90325,5677],{"class":445},[47,90327,90328],{"class":53}," Total",[47,90330,3062],{"class":86},[47,90332,29792],{"class":445},[47,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90336,90321],{"class":53},[47,90338,3062],{"class":86},[47,90340,1769],{"class":445},[47,90342,90328],{"class":53},[47,90344,3062],{"class":86},[47,90346,2755],{"class":445},[47,90348,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357,90359],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,90350,90321],{"class":53},[47,90352,3062],{"class":86},[47,90354,2630],{"class":445},[47,90356,90328],{"class":53},[47,90358,3062],{"class":86},[47,90360,90361],{"class":445}," 6\n",[20,90363,90364,90365,94],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[455,90366,90368],{"href":90367},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[149,90370,1425],{"id":1424},[20,90372,90373,90374,94],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90375,46625],{},[469,90377,90379],{"id":90378},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90381,90382],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,90384,90386],{"className":40,"code":90385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90387,90388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90389,90390,90392,90394,90396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90391,83],{"class":82},[47,90393,87],{"class":86},[47,90395,35042],{"class":90},[47,90397,286],{"class":86},[20,90399,9049,90400,90402],{},[15,90401,35042],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90404,10982],{},[38,90406,90408],{"className":40,"code":90407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90409,90410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90411,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90413,83],{"class":82},[47,90415,87],{"class":86},[47,90417,102],{"class":61},[47,90419,35042],{"class":65},[47,90421,102],{"class":61},[47,90423,286],{"class":86},[469,90425,831,90427,90429],{"id":90426},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90428,83],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90431,90432],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,90434,90436],{"className":40,"code":90435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90437,90438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90439,90440,90442,90444,90446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90441,83],{"class":82},[47,90443,62],{"class":61},[47,90445,35042],{"class":65},[47,90447,69],{"class":61},[20,90449,10982],{},[38,90451,90452],{"className":40,"code":90407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90453,90454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90455,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90457,83],{"class":82},[47,90459,87],{"class":86},[47,90461,102],{"class":61},[47,90463,35042],{"class":65},[47,90465,102],{"class":61},[47,90467,286],{"class":86},[469,90469,90471,90472],{"id":90470},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90473,2236],{},[20,90475,90476,90477,94],{},"This causes a ",[15,90478,3182],{},[38,90480,90481],{"className":40,"code":89569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90482,90483,90491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90484,90485,90487,90489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90486,21805],{"class":53},[47,90488,58],{"class":57},[47,90490,2765],{"class":445},[47,90492,90493,90495,90497,90499,90501,90503,90505,90507],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90494,83],{"class":82},[47,90496,87],{"class":86},[47,90498,102],{"class":61},[47,90500,89590],{"class":65},[47,90502,102],{"class":61},[47,90504,2633],{"class":57},[47,90506,9363],{"class":90},[47,90508,286],{"class":86},[20,90510,90511],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,90513,90515],{"className":40,"code":90514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90516,90517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90518,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90520,83],{"class":82},[47,90522,87],{"class":86},[47,90524,102],{"class":61},[47,90526,89491],{"class":65},[47,90528,102],{"class":61},[47,90530,309],{"class":86},[47,90532,9363],{"class":90},[47,90534,286],{"class":86},[20,90536,90537],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,90539,90541],{"className":40,"code":90540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90542,90543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90544,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90546,83],{"class":82},[47,90548,87],{"class":86},[47,90550,102],{"class":61},[47,90552,89590],{"class":65},[47,90554,102],{"class":61},[47,90556,2633],{"class":57},[47,90558,1571],{"class":1570},[47,90560,87],{"class":86},[47,90562,9473],{"class":90},[47,90564,1879],{"class":86},[20,90566,90567,90568,94],{},"If you see this error, read ",[455,90569,90571],{"href":90570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[469,90573,8628,90575,90577],{"id":90574},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90576,46625],{}," to return a value",[20,90579,90580,90581,35505,90584,3062],{},"This does not store ",[15,90582,90583],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90585,2442],{},[38,90587,90589],{"className":40,"code":90588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90590,90591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90592,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90594,2407],{"class":53},[47,90596,58],{"class":57},[47,90598,90094],{"class":82},[47,90600,87],{"class":86},[47,90602,102],{"class":61},[47,90604,35042],{"class":65},[47,90606,102],{"class":61},[47,90608,286],{"class":86},[20,90610,90611,90612,94],{},"It stores ",[15,90613,3958],{},[469,90615,90617,90618,837,90620],{"id":90616},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90619,89631],{},[15,90621,575],{},[20,90623,85977],{},[162,90625,90626,90635],{},[165,90627,90628,90630,90631,90634],{},[15,90629,89631],{}," changes what goes ",[3922,90632,90633],{},"between"," multiple values",[165,90636,90637,90639,90640,90643],{},[15,90638,575],{}," changes what appears ",[3922,90641,90642],{},"after"," the output",[149,90645,90647],{"id":90646},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90649,90650,90651,90653],{},"These simple ",[15,90652,46625],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,90655,90657],{"className":40,"code":90656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90658,90659,90679,90694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90660,90661,90663,90665,90667,90670,90672,90674,90677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90662,83],{"class":82},[47,90664,87],{"class":86},[47,90666,102],{"class":61},[47,90668,90669],{"class":65},"Debug:",[47,90671,102],{"class":61},[47,90673,309],{"class":86},[47,90675,90676],{"class":90}," variable_name",[47,90678,286],{"class":86},[47,90680,90681,90683,90685,90687,90689,90692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90682,83],{"class":82},[47,90684,87],{"class":86},[47,90686,1872],{"class":1570},[47,90688,87],{"class":86},[47,90690,90691],{"class":90},"variable_name",[47,90693,1879],{"class":86},[47,90695,90696,90698,90700,90702],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,90697,32327],{"class":82},[47,90699,87],{"class":86},[47,90701,83],{"class":82},[47,90703,286],{"class":86},[20,90705,90706],{},"What they do:",[162,90708,90709,90715,90721],{},[165,90710,90711,90714],{},[15,90712,90713],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[165,90716,90717,90720],{},[15,90718,90719],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[165,90722,90723,90726,90727],{},[15,90724,90725],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90728,46625],{},[149,90730,1962],{"id":1961},[469,90732,1966,90734,90736],{"id":90733},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90735,46625],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90738,90739,90740,90742,90743,36797],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90741,46625],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90744,575],{},[469,90746,1980,90748,90750],{"id":90747},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90749,46625],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90752,90753,90754,90756],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90755,46625],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[469,90758,5338,90760,5341,90763,2037],{"id":90759},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90761,90762],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90764,3958],{},[20,90766,29238,90767,90769],{},[15,90768,46625],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[469,90771,90773],{"id":90772},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90775,90776],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,90778,90780],{"className":40,"code":90779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90781,90782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90783,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90785,83],{"class":82},[47,90787,87],{"class":86},[47,90789,102],{"class":61},[47,90791,89491],{"class":65},[47,90793,102],{"class":61},[47,90795,309],{"class":86},[47,90797,6184],{"class":445},[47,90799,286],{"class":86},[20,90801,90802,90803,40104],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90804,47857],{},[469,90806,2032,90808,837,90810,2037],{"id":90807},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90809,89631],{},[15,90811,575],{},[162,90813,90814,90819],{},[165,90815,90816,90818],{},[15,90817,89631],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[165,90820,90821,90823],{},[15,90822,575],{}," changes what appears after the output",[149,90825,2062],{"id":2061},[162,90827,90828,90832,90838,90844,90849,90854],{},[165,90829,90830],{},[455,90831,51147],{"href":457},[165,90833,90834],{},[455,90835,3755,90836,3688],{"href":8395},[15,90837,3135],{},[165,90839,90840],{},[455,90841,3755,90842,3688],{"href":42350},[15,90843,47857],{},[165,90845,90846],{},[455,90847,90848],{"href":89857},"How to format strings in Python",[165,90850,90851],{},[455,90852,90853],{"href":90367},"How to debug Python code",[165,90855,90856],{},[455,90857,90571],{"href":90570},[2093,90859,90860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":90862},[90863,90864,90866,90867,90873,90874,90875,90880,90886,90888,90890,90901,90902,90913],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":89035,"depth":72,"text":90865},"What print() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":89271,"depth":72,"text":89272,"children":90868},[90869,90870,90871,90872],{"id":89280,"depth":79,"text":89281},{"id":89321,"depth":79,"text":89322},{"id":89353,"depth":79,"text":89354},{"id":89380,"depth":79,"text":89381},{"id":89422,"depth":72,"text":89423},{"id":89618,"depth":72,"text":89619},{"id":89658,"depth":72,"text":90876,"children":90877},"sep argument",[90878,90879],{"id":89671,"depth":79,"text":89672},{"id":89721,"depth":79,"text":89722},{"id":89861,"depth":72,"text":90881,"children":90882},"end argument",[90883,90884,90885],{"id":89875,"depth":79,"text":89672},{"id":89928,"depth":79,"text":89929},{"id":89984,"depth":79,"text":89985},{"id":90068,"depth":72,"text":90887},"print() returns None",{"id":90205,"depth":72,"text":90889},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":90891},[90892,90893,90895,90897,90899],{"id":90378,"depth":79,"text":90379},{"id":90426,"depth":79,"text":90894},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90470,"depth":79,"text":90896},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90574,"depth":79,"text":90898},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90616,"depth":79,"text":90900},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90646,"depth":72,"text":90647},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":90903},[90904,90906,90908,90910,90911],{"id":90733,"depth":79,"text":90905},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90747,"depth":79,"text":90907},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90759,"depth":79,"text":90909},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90772,"depth":79,"text":90773},{"id":90807,"depth":79,"text":90912},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88918,"description":90914},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90921,"title":90922,"body":90923,"description":93227,"extension":2138,"meta":93228,"navigation":75,"path":93229,"seo":93230,"stem":93231,"__hash__":93232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90924,"toc":93173},[90925,90930,90935,90948,90950,91015,91026,91031,91036,91038,91061,91064,91095,91097,91114,91119,91125,91130,91179,91182,91199,91205,91210,91233,91235,91263,91269,91277,91304,91306,91331,91337,91340,91371,91373,91402,91406,91409,91414,91436,91438,91466,91472,91478,91504,91506,91530,91536,91542,91572,91574,91602,91612,91616,91622,91655,91657,91686,91689,91692,91725,91727,91735,91741,91743,91766,91771,91780,91785,91799,91801,91841,91843,91873,91877,91912,91918,91922,91966,91968,91998,92004,92007,92086,92088,92110,92118,92121,92184,92192,92267,92273,92280,92285,92290,92313,92315,92336,92338,92351,92353,92400,92402,92441,92450,92452,92456,92460,92463,92490,92493,92522,92525,92549,92552,92560,92566,92588,92590,92618,92622,92627,92682,92687,92689,92746,92753,92762,92765,92797,92799,92807,92810,92816,92818,92841,92844,92850,92853,92872,92874,92893,92896,92918,92920,92948,92952,92956,93061,93063,93076,93078,93084,93087,93095,93100,93106,93112,93117,93125,93131,93138,93140,93170],[10,90926,3755,90928,3759],{"id":90927},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90929,36373],{},[20,90931,32492,90932,90934],{},[15,90933,36373],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90936,90937,90938,90940,90941,90943,90944,90947],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90939,6137],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90942,36373],{}," stops ",[3922,90945,90946],{},"before"," the end value.",[149,90949,2179],{"id":2178},[38,90951,90953],{"className":40,"code":90952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90954,90955,90971,90981,90985,90990,90995,91000,91005,91010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90956,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90958,6137],{"class":752},[47,90960,69716],{"class":53},[47,90962,1613],{"class":752},[47,90964,54240],{"class":82},[47,90966,87],{"class":86},[47,90968,2313],{"class":445},[47,90970,771],{"class":86},[47,90972,90973,90975,90977,90979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90974,776],{"class":82},[47,90976,87],{"class":86},[47,90978,36329],{"class":90},[47,90980,286],{"class":86},[47,90982,90983],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,90984,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,90986,90987],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,90988,90989],{"class":113},"# Output:\n",[47,90991,90992],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,90993,90994],{"class":113},"# 0\n",[47,90996,90997],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,90998,90999],{"class":113},"# 1\n",[47,91001,91002],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,91003,91004],{"class":113},"# 2\n",[47,91006,91007],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,91008,91009],{"class":113},"# 3\n",[47,91011,91012],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,91013,91014],{"class":113},"# 4\n",[20,91016,91017,91020,91021,91023,91024,94],{},[15,91018,91019],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91022,1721],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91025,2313],{},[149,91027,152,91029,155],{"id":91028},"what-range-does",[15,91030,36373],{},[20,91032,91033,91035],{},[15,91034,36373],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91037,13230],{},[162,91039,91040,91045,91051,91056],{},[165,91041,91042,91044],{},[15,91043,36373],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[165,91046,91047,91048,91050],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91049,6137],{}," loops",[165,91052,91053,91054],{},"The stop value is ",[3922,91055,65237],{},[165,91057,17599,91058,91060],{},[15,91059,60169],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91062,91063],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,91065,91067],{"className":40,"code":91066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91068,91069,91085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91070,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91072,6137],{"class":752},[47,91074,6566],{"class":53},[47,91076,1613],{"class":752},[47,91078,54240],{"class":82},[47,91080,87],{"class":86},[47,91082,2239],{"class":445},[47,91084,771],{"class":86},[47,91086,91087,91089,91091,91093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91088,776],{"class":82},[47,91090,87],{"class":86},[47,91092,2417],{"class":90},[47,91094,286],{"class":86},[20,91096,814],{},[38,91098,91100],{"className":40,"code":91099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91101,91102,91106,91110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91103,91104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91105,47425],{"class":445},[47,91107,91108],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91109,47090],{"class":445},[47,91111,91112],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,91113,17235],{"class":445},[20,91115,91116,91117,94],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[455,91118,36205],{"href":36204},[149,91120,91122,91124],{"id":91121},"range-syntax",[15,91123,36373],{}," syntax",[20,91126,91127,91129],{},[15,91128,36373],{}," has three common forms:",[38,91131,91133],{"className":40,"code":91132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91134,91135,91145,91160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91136,91137,91139,91141,91143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91138,60169],{"class":82},[47,91140,87],{"class":86},[47,91142,75592],{"class":90},[47,91144,286],{"class":86},[47,91146,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91158],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91148,60169],{"class":82},[47,91150,87],{"class":86},[47,91152,522],{"class":90},[47,91154,309],{"class":86},[47,91156,91157],{"class":90}," stop",[47,91159,286],{"class":86},[47,91161,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91177],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,91163,60169],{"class":82},[47,91165,87],{"class":86},[47,91167,522],{"class":90},[47,91169,309],{"class":86},[47,91171,91157],{"class":90},[47,91173,309],{"class":86},[47,91175,91176],{"class":90}," step",[47,91178,286],{"class":86},[20,91180,91181],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[162,91183,91184,91189,91194],{},[165,91185,91186,91188],{},[15,91187,522],{}," = first number",[165,91190,91191,91193],{},[15,91192,75592],{}," = end limit, not included",[165,91195,91196,91198],{},[15,91197,75595],{}," = amount to move each time",[469,91200,91202],{"id":91201},"rangestop",[15,91203,91204],{},"range(stop)",[20,91206,91207,91208,94],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91209,1721],{},[38,91211,91213],{"className":40,"code":91212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91214,91215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91216,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91218,83],{"class":82},[47,91220,87],{"class":86},[47,91222,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91224,87],{"class":86},[47,91226,60169],{"class":82},[47,91228,87],{"class":86},[47,91230,2313],{"class":445},[47,91232,1958],{"class":86},[20,91234,814],{},[38,91236,91237],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91238,91239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91240,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91242,4080],{"class":86},[47,91244,1721],{"class":445},[47,91246,309],{"class":86},[47,91248,5677],{"class":445},[47,91250,309],{"class":86},[47,91252,1769],{"class":445},[47,91254,309],{"class":86},[47,91256,2630],{"class":445},[47,91258,309],{"class":86},[47,91260,912],{"class":445},[47,91262,3816],{"class":86},[469,91264,91266],{"id":91265},"rangestart-stop",[15,91267,91268],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91270,91271,91272,91274,91275,94],{},"This starts at ",[15,91273,522],{}," and stops before ",[15,91276,75592],{},[38,91278,91280],{"className":40,"code":91279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91281,91282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91283,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91285,83],{"class":82},[47,91287,87],{"class":86},[47,91289,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91291,87],{"class":86},[47,91293,60169],{"class":82},[47,91295,87],{"class":86},[47,91297,2233],{"class":445},[47,91299,309],{"class":86},[47,91301,446],{"class":445},[47,91303,1958],{"class":86},[20,91305,814],{},[38,91307,91309],{"className":40,"code":91308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91310,91311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91312,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327,91329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91314,4080],{"class":86},[47,91316,2233],{"class":445},[47,91318,309],{"class":86},[47,91320,2630],{"class":445},[47,91322,309],{"class":86},[47,91324,912],{"class":445},[47,91326,309],{"class":86},[47,91328,4787],{"class":445},[47,91330,3816],{"class":86},[469,91332,91334],{"id":91333},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91335,91336],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91338,91339],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,91341,91343],{"className":40,"code":91342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91344,91345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91346,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91348,83],{"class":82},[47,91350,87],{"class":86},[47,91352,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91354,87],{"class":86},[47,91356,60169],{"class":82},[47,91358,87],{"class":86},[47,91360,1598],{"class":445},[47,91362,309],{"class":86},[47,91364,6184],{"class":445},[47,91366,309],{"class":86},[47,91368,1769],{"class":445},[47,91370,1958],{"class":86},[20,91372,814],{},[38,91374,91376],{"className":40,"code":91375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91377,91378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91379,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91381,4080],{"class":86},[47,91383,1598],{"class":445},[47,91385,309],{"class":86},[47,91387,2630],{"class":445},[47,91389,309],{"class":86},[47,91391,4787],{"class":445},[47,91393,309],{"class":86},[47,91395,6173],{"class":445},[47,91397,309],{"class":86},[47,91399,627],{"class":445},[47,91401,3816],{"class":86},[149,91403,91405],{"id":91404},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91407,91408],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[469,91410,91412],{"id":91411},"range5",[15,91413,91019],{},[38,91415,91416],{"className":40,"code":91212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91417,91418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91421,83],{"class":82},[47,91423,87],{"class":86},[47,91425,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91427,87],{"class":86},[47,91429,60169],{"class":82},[47,91431,87],{"class":86},[47,91433,2313],{"class":445},[47,91435,1958],{"class":86},[20,91437,814],{},[38,91439,91440],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91441,91442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91443,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91445,4080],{"class":86},[47,91447,1721],{"class":445},[47,91449,309],{"class":86},[47,91451,5677],{"class":445},[47,91453,309],{"class":86},[47,91455,1769],{"class":445},[47,91457,309],{"class":86},[47,91459,2630],{"class":445},[47,91461,309],{"class":86},[47,91463,912],{"class":445},[47,91465,3816],{"class":86},[20,91467,91271,91468,91274,91470,94],{},[15,91469,1721],{},[15,91471,2313],{},[469,91473,91475],{"id":91474},"range2-6",[15,91476,91477],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,91479,91480],{"className":40,"code":91279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91481,91482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91483,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91485,83],{"class":82},[47,91487,87],{"class":86},[47,91489,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91491,87],{"class":86},[47,91493,60169],{"class":82},[47,91495,87],{"class":86},[47,91497,2233],{"class":445},[47,91499,309],{"class":86},[47,91501,446],{"class":445},[47,91503,1958],{"class":86},[20,91505,814],{},[38,91507,91508],{"className":40,"code":91308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91509,91510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91511,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91513,4080],{"class":86},[47,91515,2233],{"class":445},[47,91517,309],{"class":86},[47,91519,2630],{"class":445},[47,91521,309],{"class":86},[47,91523,912],{"class":445},[47,91525,309],{"class":86},[47,91527,4787],{"class":445},[47,91529,3816],{"class":86},[20,91531,91271,91532,91274,91534,94],{},[15,91533,2233],{},[15,91535,80759],{},[469,91537,91539],{"id":91538},"range1-10-2",[15,91540,91541],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,91543,91544],{"className":40,"code":91342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91545,91546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91547,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91549,83],{"class":82},[47,91551,87],{"class":86},[47,91553,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91555,87],{"class":86},[47,91557,60169],{"class":82},[47,91559,87],{"class":86},[47,91561,1598],{"class":445},[47,91563,309],{"class":86},[47,91565,6184],{"class":445},[47,91567,309],{"class":86},[47,91569,1769],{"class":445},[47,91571,1958],{"class":86},[20,91573,814],{},[38,91575,91576],{"className":40,"code":91375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91577,91578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91581,4080],{"class":86},[47,91583,1598],{"class":445},[47,91585,309],{"class":86},[47,91587,2630],{"class":445},[47,91589,309],{"class":86},[47,91591,4787],{"class":445},[47,91593,309],{"class":86},[47,91595,6173],{"class":445},[47,91597,309],{"class":86},[47,91599,627],{"class":445},[47,91601,3816],{"class":86},[20,91603,91604,91605,91607,91608,61469,91610,94],{},"This moves by ",[15,91606,2233],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91609,1598],{},[15,91611,2321],{},[469,91613,91615],{"id":91614},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91617,91618,91619,91621],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91620,36373],{}," count backward.",[38,91623,91625],{"className":40,"code":91624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91626,91627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91628,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91630,83],{"class":82},[47,91632,87],{"class":86},[47,91634,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91636,87],{"class":86},[47,91638,60169],{"class":82},[47,91640,87],{"class":86},[47,91642,2313],{"class":445},[47,91644,309],{"class":86},[47,91646,4014],{"class":445},[47,91648,309],{"class":86},[47,91650,2399],{"class":57},[47,91652,1598],{"class":445},[47,91654,1958],{"class":86},[20,91656,814],{},[38,91658,91660],{"className":40,"code":91659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91661,91662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91663,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91665,4080],{"class":86},[47,91667,2313],{"class":445},[47,91669,309],{"class":86},[47,91671,912],{"class":445},[47,91673,309],{"class":86},[47,91675,2630],{"class":445},[47,91677,309],{"class":86},[47,91679,1769],{"class":445},[47,91681,309],{"class":86},[47,91683,5677],{"class":445},[47,91685,3816],{"class":86},[20,91687,91688],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91690,91691],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,91693,91695],{"className":40,"code":91694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91696,91697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91698,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91700,83],{"class":82},[47,91702,87],{"class":86},[47,91704,8269],{"class":1570},[47,91706,87],{"class":86},[47,91708,60169],{"class":82},[47,91710,87],{"class":86},[47,91712,1598],{"class":445},[47,91714,309],{"class":86},[47,91716,4787],{"class":445},[47,91718,309],{"class":86},[47,91720,2399],{"class":57},[47,91722,1598],{"class":445},[47,91724,1958],{"class":86},[20,91726,814],{},[38,91728,91729],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91730,91731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91732,91733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91734,38472],{"class":86},[469,91736,91737,76755,91739],{"id":76979},[15,91738,75595],{},[15,91740,1721],{},[20,91742,3014],{},[38,91744,91746],{"className":40,"code":91745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91747,91748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91749,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91751,60169],{"class":82},[47,91753,87],{"class":86},[47,91755,1598],{"class":445},[47,91757,309],{"class":86},[47,91759,4787],{"class":445},[47,91761,309],{"class":86},[47,91763,4014],{"class":445},[47,91765,286],{"class":86},[20,91767,77024,91768,91770],{},[15,91769,40879],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[149,91772,831,91774,91776,91777,91779],{"id":91773},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91775,36373],{}," in a ",[15,91778,6137],{}," loop",[20,91781,91782,91784],{},[15,91783,36373],{}," is most useful when:",[162,91786,91787,91790,91793],{},[165,91788,91789],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[165,91791,91792],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[165,91794,91795,91796],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91797,91798],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91800,183],{},[38,91802,91804],{"className":40,"code":91803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91805,91806,91822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91807,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91809,6137],{"class":752},[47,91811,69716],{"class":53},[47,91813,1613],{"class":752},[47,91815,54240],{"class":82},[47,91817,87],{"class":86},[47,91819,2239],{"class":445},[47,91821,771],{"class":86},[47,91823,91824,91826,91828,91830,91833,91835,91837,91839],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91825,776],{"class":82},[47,91827,87],{"class":86},[47,91829,102],{"class":61},[47,91831,91832],{"class":65},"Loop number:",[47,91834,102],{"class":61},[47,91836,309],{"class":86},[47,91838,36304],{"class":90},[47,91840,286],{"class":86},[20,91842,814],{},[38,91844,91846],{"className":40,"code":91845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91847,91848,91857,91865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91849,91850,91853,91855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91851,91852],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91854,3062],{"class":86},[47,91856,38688],{"class":445},[47,91858,91859,91861,91863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91860,91852],{"class":53},[47,91862,3062],{"class":86},[47,91864,29792],{"class":445},[47,91866,91867,91869,91871],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,91868,91852],{"class":53},[47,91870,3062],{"class":86},[47,91872,45762],{"class":445},[469,91874,91876],{"id":91875},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,91878,91880],{"className":40,"code":91879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91881,91882,91898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91883,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91885,6137],{"class":752},[47,91887,69716],{"class":53},[47,91889,1613],{"class":752},[47,91891,54240],{"class":82},[47,91893,87],{"class":86},[47,91895,2313],{"class":445},[47,91897,771],{"class":86},[47,91899,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91901,776],{"class":82},[47,91903,87],{"class":86},[47,91905,102],{"class":61},[47,91907,35042],{"class":65},[47,91909,102],{"class":61},[47,91911,286],{"class":86},[20,91913,91914,91915,91917],{},"This prints ",[15,91916,90583],{}," five times.",[469,91919,91921],{"id":91920},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,91923,91925],{"className":40,"code":91924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91926,91927,91947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91928,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91930,6137],{"class":752},[47,91932,69716],{"class":53},[47,91934,1613],{"class":752},[47,91936,54240],{"class":82},[47,91938,87],{"class":86},[47,91940,1598],{"class":445},[47,91942,309],{"class":86},[47,91944,912],{"class":445},[47,91946,771],{"class":86},[47,91948,91949,91951,91953,91955,91958,91960,91962,91964],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91950,776],{"class":82},[47,91952,87],{"class":86},[47,91954,102],{"class":61},[47,91956,91957],{"class":65},"Current number is",[47,91959,102],{"class":61},[47,91961,309],{"class":86},[47,91963,36304],{"class":90},[47,91965,286],{"class":86},[20,91967,814],{},[38,91969,91971],{"className":40,"code":91970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91972,91973,91982,91990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91974,91975,91978,91980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91976,91977],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91979,12371],{"class":57},[47,91981,29792],{"class":445},[47,91983,91984,91986,91988],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91985,91977],{"class":53},[47,91987,12371],{"class":57},[47,91989,45762],{"class":445},[47,91991,91992,91994,91996],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,91993,91977],{"class":53},[47,91995,12371],{"class":57},[47,91997,2755],{"class":445},[469,91999,92001,92003],{"id":92000},"range-and-indexing",[15,92002,36373],{}," and indexing",[20,92005,92006],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,92008,92010],{"className":40,"code":92009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92011,92012,92044,92048,92068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92013,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92015,7955],{"class":53},[47,92017,58],{"class":57},[47,92019,3803],{"class":86},[47,92021,102],{"class":61},[47,92023,455],{"class":65},[47,92025,102],{"class":61},[47,92027,309],{"class":86},[47,92029,62],{"class":61},[47,92031,2014],{"class":65},[47,92033,102],{"class":61},[47,92035,309],{"class":86},[47,92037,62],{"class":61},[47,92039,9913],{"class":65},[47,92041,102],{"class":61},[47,92043,3816],{"class":86},[47,92045,92046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92047,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92051,6137],{"class":752},[47,92053,69716],{"class":53},[47,92055,1613],{"class":752},[47,92057,54240],{"class":82},[47,92059,87],{"class":86},[47,92061,11337],{"class":82},[47,92063,87],{"class":86},[47,92065,7986],{"class":90},[47,92067,1406],{"class":86},[47,92069,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92071,776],{"class":82},[47,92073,87],{"class":86},[47,92075,36329],{"class":90},[47,92077,309],{"class":86},[47,92079,6145],{"class":90},[47,92081,4080],{"class":86},[47,92083,36329],{"class":90},[47,92085,4068],{"class":86},[20,92087,814],{},[38,92089,92090],{"className":40,"code":36341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92091,92092,92098,92104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92093,92094,92096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92095,1721],{"class":445},[47,92097,36350],{"class":53},[47,92099,92100,92102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92101,1598],{"class":445},[47,92103,36357],{"class":53},[47,92105,92106,92108],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92107,2233],{"class":445},[47,92109,36364],{"class":53},[20,92111,92112,92113,92117],{},"This works, and it uses ",[455,92114,92115],{"href":42533},[15,92116,42536],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92119,92120],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,92122,92124],{"className":40,"code":92123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92125,92126,92158,92162,92174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92127,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92129,7955],{"class":53},[47,92131,58],{"class":57},[47,92133,3803],{"class":86},[47,92135,102],{"class":61},[47,92137,455],{"class":65},[47,92139,102],{"class":61},[47,92141,309],{"class":86},[47,92143,62],{"class":61},[47,92145,2014],{"class":65},[47,92147,102],{"class":61},[47,92149,309],{"class":86},[47,92151,62],{"class":61},[47,92153,9913],{"class":65},[47,92155,102],{"class":61},[47,92157,3816],{"class":86},[47,92159,92160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92161,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92163,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92165,6137],{"class":752},[47,92167,6140],{"class":53},[47,92169,1613],{"class":752},[47,92171,6145],{"class":53},[47,92173,795],{"class":86},[47,92175,92176,92178,92180,92182],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92177,776],{"class":82},[47,92179,87],{"class":86},[47,92181,23487],{"class":90},[47,92183,286],{"class":86},[20,92185,36768,92186,92191],{},[455,92187,92189],{"href":92188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92190,35925],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,92193,92195],{"className":40,"code":92194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92196,92197,92229,92233,92253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92198,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92200,7955],{"class":53},[47,92202,58],{"class":57},[47,92204,3803],{"class":86},[47,92206,102],{"class":61},[47,92208,455],{"class":65},[47,92210,102],{"class":61},[47,92212,309],{"class":86},[47,92214,62],{"class":61},[47,92216,2014],{"class":65},[47,92218,102],{"class":61},[47,92220,309],{"class":86},[47,92222,62],{"class":61},[47,92224,9913],{"class":65},[47,92226,102],{"class":61},[47,92228,3816],{"class":86},[47,92230,92231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92232,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92234,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92236,6137],{"class":752},[47,92238,35997],{"class":53},[47,92240,309],{"class":86},[47,92242,6140],{"class":53},[47,92244,1613],{"class":752},[47,92246,36007],{"class":82},[47,92248,87],{"class":86},[47,92250,7986],{"class":90},[47,92252,771],{"class":86},[47,92254,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92256,776],{"class":82},[47,92258,87],{"class":86},[47,92260,36022],{"class":90},[47,92262,309],{"class":86},[47,92264,29684],{"class":90},[47,92266,286],{"class":86},[20,92268,79284,92269,94],{},[455,92270,36781,92271,36784],{"href":36780},[15,92272,35925],{},[149,92274,92276,92277,92279],{"id":92275},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92278,36373],{}," to a list",[20,92281,92282,92284],{},[15,92283,36373],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92286,92287,92288,3062],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92289,24958],{},[38,92291,92293],{"className":40,"code":92292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92294,92295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92296,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92298,83],{"class":82},[47,92300,87],{"class":86},[47,92302,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92304,87],{"class":86},[47,92306,60169],{"class":82},[47,92308,87],{"class":86},[47,92310,2239],{"class":445},[47,92312,1958],{"class":86},[20,92314,814],{},[38,92316,92318],{"className":40,"code":92317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92319,92320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92321,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92323,4080],{"class":86},[47,92325,1721],{"class":445},[47,92327,309],{"class":86},[47,92329,5677],{"class":445},[47,92331,309],{"class":86},[47,92333,1769],{"class":445},[47,92335,3816],{"class":86},[20,92337,33487],{},[162,92339,92340,92345,92348],{},[165,92341,92342,92343,42260],{},"learning how ",[15,92344,36373],{},[165,92346,92347],{},"checking your values",[165,92349,92350],{},"debugging code",[20,92352,5651],{},[38,92354,92356],{"className":40,"code":92355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92357,92358,92372,92376,92386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92359,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92361,3798],{"class":53},[47,92363,58],{"class":57},[47,92365,54240],{"class":82},[47,92367,87],{"class":86},[47,92369,2682],{"class":445},[47,92371,286],{"class":86},[47,92373,92374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92375,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92377,92378,92380,92382,92384],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92379,83],{"class":82},[47,92381,87],{"class":86},[47,92383,3830],{"class":90},[47,92385,286],{"class":86},[47,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92389,83],{"class":82},[47,92391,87],{"class":86},[47,92393,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92395,87],{"class":86},[47,92397,3830],{"class":90},[47,92399,1879],{"class":86},[20,92401,814],{},[38,92403,92405],{"className":40,"code":92404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92406,92407,92421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92408,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92410,60169],{"class":82},[47,92412,87],{"class":86},[47,92414,1721],{"class":445},[47,92416,309],{"class":86},[47,92418,912],{"class":445},[47,92420,286],{"class":86},[47,92422,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92424,4080],{"class":86},[47,92426,1721],{"class":445},[47,92428,309],{"class":86},[47,92430,5677],{"class":445},[47,92432,309],{"class":86},[47,92434,1769],{"class":445},[47,92436,309],{"class":86},[47,92438,2630],{"class":445},[47,92440,3816],{"class":86},[20,92442,92443,92444,10760,92446,92449],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92445,60169],{},[15,92447,92448],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[149,92451,4700],{"id":4699},[20,92453,33716,92454,94],{},[15,92455,36373],{},[469,92457,92459],{"id":92458},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92461,92462],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,92464,92466],{"className":40,"code":92465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92467,92468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92471,83],{"class":82},[47,92473,87],{"class":86},[47,92475,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92477,87],{"class":86},[47,92479,60169],{"class":82},[47,92481,87],{"class":86},[47,92483,1598],{"class":445},[47,92485,309],{"class":86},[47,92487,4787],{"class":445},[47,92489,1958],{"class":86},[20,92491,92492],{},"will produce:",[38,92494,92496],{"className":40,"code":92495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92497,92498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92499,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92501,4080],{"class":86},[47,92503,1598],{"class":445},[47,92505,309],{"class":86},[47,92507,1769],{"class":445},[47,92509,309],{"class":86},[47,92511,2630],{"class":445},[47,92513,309],{"class":86},[47,92515,912],{"class":445},[47,92517,309],{"class":86},[47,92519,4787],{"class":445},[47,92521,3816],{"class":86},[20,92523,92524],{},"But the real output is:",[38,92526,92527],{"className":40,"code":53675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92528,92529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92530,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92532,4080],{"class":86},[47,92534,1598],{"class":445},[47,92536,309],{"class":86},[47,92538,1769],{"class":445},[47,92540,309],{"class":86},[47,92542,2630],{"class":445},[47,92544,309],{"class":86},[47,92546,912],{"class":445},[47,92548,3816],{"class":86},[20,92550,92551],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[469,92553,4761,92555,92557,92558],{"id":92554},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92556,91019],{}," starts at ",[15,92559,1598],{},[20,92561,37643,92562,19142,92564,94],{},[15,92563,1721],{},[15,92565,1598],{},[38,92567,92568],{"className":40,"code":91212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92569,92570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92573,83],{"class":82},[47,92575,87],{"class":86},[47,92577,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92579,87],{"class":86},[47,92581,60169],{"class":82},[47,92583,87],{"class":86},[47,92585,2313],{"class":445},[47,92587,1958],{"class":86},[20,92589,814],{},[38,92591,92592],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92593,92594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92595,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92597,4080],{"class":86},[47,92599,1721],{"class":445},[47,92601,309],{"class":86},[47,92603,5677],{"class":445},[47,92605,309],{"class":86},[47,92607,1769],{"class":445},[47,92609,309],{"class":86},[47,92611,2630],{"class":445},[47,92613,309],{"class":86},[47,92615,912],{"class":445},[47,92617,3816],{"class":86},[469,92619,92621],{"id":92620},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92623,92624,92625,3062],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92626,3135],{},[38,92628,92630],{"className":40,"code":92629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92631,92632,92651,92655,92672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92633,92634,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92635,92636],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92638,58],{"class":57},[47,92640,8418],{"class":82},[47,92642,87],{"class":86},[47,92644,102],{"class":61},[47,92646,42046],{"class":65},[47,92648,102],{"class":61},[47,92650,286],{"class":86},[47,92652,92653],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92654,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92656,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92670],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92658,6137],{"class":752},[47,92660,69716],{"class":53},[47,92662,1613],{"class":752},[47,92664,54240],{"class":82},[47,92666,87],{"class":86},[47,92668,92669],{"class":90},"user_number",[47,92671,771],{"class":86},[47,92673,92674,92676,92678,92680],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92675,776],{"class":82},[47,92677,87],{"class":86},[47,92679,36329],{"class":90},[47,92681,286],{"class":86},[20,92683,48684,92684,92686],{},[15,92685,3135],{}," returns a string.",[20,92688,10982],{},[38,92690,92692],{"className":40,"code":92691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92693,92694,92716,92720,92736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92695,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92697,92636],{"class":53},[47,92699,58],{"class":57},[47,92701,45449],{"class":1570},[47,92703,87],{"class":86},[47,92705,42637],{"class":82},[47,92707,87],{"class":86},[47,92709,102],{"class":61},[47,92711,42046],{"class":65},[47,92713,102],{"class":61},[47,92715,1879],{"class":86},[47,92717,92718],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92719,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,92721,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92723,6137],{"class":752},[47,92725,69716],{"class":53},[47,92727,1613],{"class":752},[47,92729,54240],{"class":82},[47,92731,87],{"class":86},[47,92733,92669],{"class":90},[47,92735,771],{"class":86},[47,92737,92738,92740,92742,92744],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,92739,776],{"class":82},[47,92741,87],{"class":86},[47,92743,36329],{"class":90},[47,92745,286],{"class":86},[20,92747,92748,92749,94],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[455,92750,50695,92751],{"href":50694},[15,92752,50698],{},[469,92754,92756,92757,92759,92760],{"id":92755},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92758,522],{}," smaller than ",[15,92761,75592],{},[20,92763,92764],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,92766,92767],{"className":40,"code":91694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92768,92769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92770,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92772,83],{"class":82},[47,92774,87],{"class":86},[47,92776,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92778,87],{"class":86},[47,92780,60169],{"class":82},[47,92782,87],{"class":86},[47,92784,1598],{"class":445},[47,92786,309],{"class":86},[47,92788,4787],{"class":445},[47,92790,309],{"class":86},[47,92792,2399],{"class":57},[47,92794,1598],{"class":445},[47,92796,1958],{"class":86},[20,92798,814],{},[38,92800,92801],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92802,92803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92804,92805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92806,38472],{"class":86},[20,92808,92809],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[469,92811,25794,92813],{"id":92812},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92814,92815],{},"step = 0",[20,92817,77735],{},[38,92819,92821],{"className":40,"code":92820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92822,92823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92824,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92826,60169],{"class":82},[47,92828,87],{"class":86},[47,92830,1598],{"class":445},[47,92832,309],{"class":86},[47,92834,6184],{"class":445},[47,92836,309],{"class":86},[47,92838,4014],{"class":445},[47,92840,286],{"class":86},[20,92842,92843],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[469,92845,1710,92847,92849],{"id":92846},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92848,36373],{}," is not a list",[20,92851,92852],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,92854,92856],{"className":40,"code":92855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92857,92858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92859,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92861,83],{"class":82},[47,92863,87],{"class":86},[47,92865,60169],{"class":82},[47,92867,87],{"class":86},[47,92869,2313],{"class":445},[47,92871,1879],{"class":86},[20,92873,814],{},[38,92875,92877],{"className":40,"code":92876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92878,92879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92880,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92882,60169],{"class":82},[47,92884,87],{"class":86},[47,92886,1721],{"class":445},[47,92888,309],{"class":86},[47,92890,4787],{"class":445},[47,92892,286],{"class":86},[20,92894,92895],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,92897,92898],{"className":40,"code":91212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92899,92900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92901,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912,92914,92916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92903,83],{"class":82},[47,92905,87],{"class":86},[47,92907,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92909,87],{"class":86},[47,92911,60169],{"class":82},[47,92913,87],{"class":86},[47,92915,2313],{"class":445},[47,92917,1958],{"class":86},[20,92919,814],{},[38,92921,92922],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92923,92924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92925,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92927,4080],{"class":86},[47,92929,1721],{"class":445},[47,92931,309],{"class":86},[47,92933,5677],{"class":445},[47,92935,309],{"class":86},[47,92937,1769],{"class":445},[47,92939,309],{"class":86},[47,92941,2630],{"class":445},[47,92943,309],{"class":86},[47,92945,912],{"class":445},[47,92947,3816],{"class":86},[149,92949,92951],{"id":92950},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92953,9049,92954,82505],{},[15,92955,36373],{},[38,92957,92959],{"className":40,"code":92958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92960,92961,92975,92993,93015,93043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92962,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92964,83],{"class":82},[47,92966,87],{"class":86},[47,92968,60169],{"class":82},[47,92970,87],{"class":86},[47,92972,2313],{"class":445},[47,92974,1879],{"class":86},[47,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92978,83],{"class":82},[47,92980,87],{"class":86},[47,92982,8269],{"class":1570},[47,92984,87],{"class":86},[47,92986,60169],{"class":82},[47,92988,87],{"class":86},[47,92990,2313],{"class":445},[47,92992,1958],{"class":86},[47,92994,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,92996,83],{"class":82},[47,92998,87],{"class":86},[47,93000,8269],{"class":1570},[47,93002,87],{"class":86},[47,93004,60169],{"class":82},[47,93006,87],{"class":86},[47,93008,2233],{"class":445},[47,93010,309],{"class":86},[47,93012,943],{"class":445},[47,93014,1958],{"class":86},[47,93016,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,93018,83],{"class":82},[47,93020,87],{"class":86},[47,93022,8269],{"class":1570},[47,93024,87],{"class":86},[47,93026,60169],{"class":82},[47,93028,87],{"class":86},[47,93030,2509],{"class":445},[47,93032,309],{"class":86},[47,93034,4014],{"class":445},[47,93036,309],{"class":86},[47,93038,2399],{"class":57},[47,93040,2233],{"class":445},[47,93042,1958],{"class":86},[47,93044,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,93046,83],{"class":82},[47,93048,87],{"class":86},[47,93050,1872],{"class":1570},[47,93052,87],{"class":86},[47,93054,60169],{"class":82},[47,93056,87],{"class":86},[47,93058,2313],{"class":445},[47,93060,1958],{"class":86},[20,93062,26186],{},[162,93064,93065,93068,93071],{},[165,93066,93067],{},"what values are being created",[165,93069,93070],{},"whether the direction is correct",[165,93072,93073,93074,24794],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93075,60169],{},[149,93077,1962],{"id":1961},[469,93079,1966,93081,93083],{"id":93080},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93082,36373],{}," include the last number?",[20,93085,93086],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[469,93088,5338,93090,93092,93093,2037],{"id":93089},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93091,91019],{}," start at ",[15,93094,1721],{},[20,93096,93097,93098,94],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93099,1721],{},[469,93101,1980,93103,93105],{"id":93102},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93104,36373],{}," count backward?",[20,93107,93108,93109,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93110,93111],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[469,93113,2022,93115,26221],{"id":93114},"is-range-a-list",[15,93116,36373],{},[20,93118,26224,93119,93121,93122,24115],{},[15,93120,60169],{}," object. Use ",[15,93123,93124],{},"list(range(...))",[469,93126,5338,93128,48858],{"id":93127},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93129,93130],{},"range(input())",[20,93132,93133,3663,93135,94],{},[15,93134,3135],{},[15,93136,93137],{},"int(input())",[149,93139,2062],{"id":2061},[162,93141,93142,93146,93152,93158,93164],{},[165,93143,93144],{},[455,93145,36205],{"href":36204},[165,93147,93148],{},[455,93149,3755,93150,3688],{"href":42533},[15,93151,42536],{},[165,93153,93154],{},[455,93155,3755,93156,3688],{"href":92188},[15,93157,35925],{},[165,93159,93160],{},[455,93161,37694,93162,36784],{"href":36780},[15,93163,35925],{},[165,93165,93166],{},[455,93167,50695,93168],{"href":50694},[15,93169,50698],{},[2093,93171,93172],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":93174},[93175,93176,93178,93184,93192,93199,93201,93213,93214,93226],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":91028,"depth":72,"text":93177},"What range() does",{"id":91121,"depth":72,"text":93179,"children":93180},"range() syntax",[93181,93182,93183],{"id":91201,"depth":79,"text":91204},{"id":91265,"depth":79,"text":91268},{"id":91333,"depth":79,"text":91336},{"id":91404,"depth":72,"text":91405,"children":93185},[93186,93187,93188,93189,93190],{"id":91411,"depth":79,"text":91019},{"id":91474,"depth":79,"text":91477},{"id":91538,"depth":79,"text":91541},{"id":91614,"depth":79,"text":91615},{"id":76979,"depth":79,"text":93191},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91773,"depth":72,"text":93193,"children":93194},"Using range() in a for loop",[93195,93196,93197],{"id":91875,"depth":79,"text":91876},{"id":91920,"depth":79,"text":91921},{"id":92000,"depth":79,"text":93198},"range() and indexing",{"id":92275,"depth":72,"text":93200},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":93202},[93203,93204,93206,93207,93209,93211],{"id":92458,"depth":79,"text":92459},{"id":92554,"depth":79,"text":93205},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92620,"depth":79,"text":92621},{"id":92755,"depth":79,"text":93208},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92812,"depth":79,"text":93210},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92846,"depth":79,"text":93212},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92950,"depth":72,"text":92951},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":93215},[93216,93218,93220,93222,93224],{"id":93080,"depth":79,"text":93217},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93089,"depth":79,"text":93219},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93102,"depth":79,"text":93221},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93114,"depth":79,"text":93223},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93127,"depth":79,"text":93225},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90922,"description":93227},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93234,"title":93235,"body":93236,"description":94909,"extension":2138,"meta":94910,"navigation":75,"path":94911,"seo":94912,"stem":94913,"__hash__":94914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93237,"toc":94882},[93238,93247,93254,93271,93287,93289,93338,93346,93350,93353,93373,93375,93439,93441,93484,93487,93533,93535,93568,93578,93584,93592,93609,93611,93642,93644,93669,93674,93685,93688,93758,93760,93791,93796,93801,93818,93820,93871,93873,93906,93909,93916,93921,93925,93941,93943,93987,93989,94035,94038,94051,94056,94060,94074,94076,94127,94129,94162,94167,94169,94176,94178,94201,94203,94268,94270,94287,94290,94323,94325,94353,94363,94370,94374,94377,94395,94398,94426,94429,94447,94452,94458,94461,94483,94485,94513,94515,94518,94543,94546,94659,94661,94740,94742,94748,94753,94761,94769,94773,94776,94778,94811,94813,94821,94827,94834,94841,94844,94846,94879],[10,93239,3755,93241,10760,93243,93246],{"id":93240},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93242,36373],{},[15,93244,93245],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93248,93249,837,93251,93253],{},[15,93250,36373],{},[15,93252,93245],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[162,93255,93256,93264],{},[165,93257,93258,93260,93261],{},[15,93259,36373],{}," creates a ",[3922,93262,93263],{},"range object",[165,93265,93266,93260,93268],{},[15,93267,93245],{},[3922,93269,93270],{},"real list",[20,93272,93273,93274,93276,93277,93280,93281,93283,93284,93286],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93275,91019],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93278,93279],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93282,36373],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93285,93245],{}," when you actually need a list.",[149,93288,3788],{"id":3787},[38,93290,93292],{"className":40,"code":93291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93293,93294,93308,93321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93297,3798],{"class":53},[47,93299,58],{"class":57},[47,93301,54240],{"class":82},[47,93303,87],{"class":86},[47,93305,2313],{"class":445},[47,93307,286],{"class":86},[47,93309,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93311,83],{"class":82},[47,93313,87],{"class":86},[47,93315,3830],{"class":90},[47,93317,1696],{"class":86},[47,93319,93320],{"class":113},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93322,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93324,83],{"class":82},[47,93326,87],{"class":86},[47,93328,8269],{"class":1570},[47,93330,87],{"class":86},[47,93332,3830],{"class":90},[47,93334,110],{"class":86},[47,93336,93337],{"class":113},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93339,144,93340,93342,93343,93345],{},[15,93341,36373],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93344,93245],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[149,93347,93349],{"id":93348},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93351,93352],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[162,93354,93355,93362,93367,93370],{},[165,93356,93357,22152,93359,93361],{},[15,93358,36373],{},[3922,93360,93263],{},", not a list",[165,93363,93364,93366],{},[15,93365,93245],{}," converts that range object into a list",[165,93368,93369],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[165,93371,93372],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93374,183],{},[38,93376,93378],{"className":40,"code":93377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93379,93380,93395,93414,93418,93428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93381,93382,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93383,93384],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93386,58],{"class":57},[47,93388,54240],{"class":82},[47,93390,87],{"class":86},[47,93392,2313],{"class":445},[47,93394,286],{"class":86},[47,93396,93397,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93398,93399],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93401,58],{"class":57},[47,93403,22737],{"class":1570},[47,93405,87],{"class":86},[47,93407,60169],{"class":82},[47,93409,87],{"class":86},[47,93411,2313],{"class":445},[47,93413,1879],{"class":86},[47,93415,93416],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93417,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,93419,93420,93422,93424,93426],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,93421,83],{"class":82},[47,93423,87],{"class":86},[47,93425,60675],{"class":90},[47,93427,286],{"class":86},[47,93429,93430,93432,93434,93437],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,93431,83],{"class":82},[47,93433,87],{"class":86},[47,93435,93436],{"class":90},"lst",[47,93438,286],{"class":86},[20,93440,814],{},[38,93442,93444],{"className":40,"code":93443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93445,93446,93460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93447,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93449,60169],{"class":82},[47,93451,87],{"class":86},[47,93453,1721],{"class":445},[47,93455,309],{"class":86},[47,93457,4787],{"class":445},[47,93459,286],{"class":86},[47,93461,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93463,4080],{"class":86},[47,93465,1721],{"class":445},[47,93467,309],{"class":86},[47,93469,5677],{"class":445},[47,93471,309],{"class":86},[47,93473,1769],{"class":445},[47,93475,309],{"class":86},[47,93477,2630],{"class":445},[47,93479,309],{"class":86},[47,93481,912],{"class":445},[47,93483,3816],{"class":86},[20,93485,93486],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,93488,93490],{"className":40,"code":93489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93491,93492,93510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93493,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93495,83],{"class":82},[47,93497,87],{"class":86},[47,93499,1872],{"class":1570},[47,93501,87],{"class":86},[47,93503,60169],{"class":82},[47,93505,87],{"class":86},[47,93507,2313],{"class":445},[47,93509,1958],{"class":86},[47,93511,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93513,83],{"class":82},[47,93515,87],{"class":86},[47,93517,1872],{"class":1570},[47,93519,87],{"class":86},[47,93521,8269],{"class":1570},[47,93523,87],{"class":86},[47,93525,60169],{"class":82},[47,93527,87],{"class":86},[47,93529,2313],{"class":445},[47,93531,93532],{"class":86},"))))\n",[20,93534,814],{},[38,93536,93538],{"className":40,"code":93537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93539,93540,93554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93541,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93543,3468],{"class":57},[47,93545,3471],{"class":2242},[47,93547,3474],{"class":61},[47,93549,60169],{"class":65},[47,93551,3479],{"class":61},[47,93553,3482],{"class":57},[47,93555,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564,93566],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93557,3468],{"class":57},[47,93559,3471],{"class":2242},[47,93561,3474],{"class":61},[47,93563,8269],{"class":65},[47,93565,3479],{"class":61},[47,93567,3482],{"class":57},[20,93569,93570,93571,93573,93574,94],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93572,36373],{}," works, see ",[455,93575,3755,93576,3688],{"href":93229},[15,93577,36373],{},[149,93579,152,93581,93583],{"id":93580},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93582,36373],{}," gives you",[20,93585,93586,93588,93589,93591],{},[15,93587,36373],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93590,6137],{}," loops.",[162,93593,93594,93597,93600,93603],{},[165,93595,93596],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[165,93598,93599],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[165,93601,93602],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[165,93604,93605,93606],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93607,93608],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93610,183],{},[38,93612,93614],{"className":40,"code":93613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93615,93616,93632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93617,93618,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93619,6137],{"class":752},[47,93621,69716],{"class":53},[47,93623,1613],{"class":752},[47,93625,54240],{"class":82},[47,93627,87],{"class":86},[47,93629,2313],{"class":445},[47,93631,771],{"class":86},[47,93633,93634,93636,93638,93640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93635,776],{"class":82},[47,93637,87],{"class":86},[47,93639,36329],{"class":90},[47,93641,286],{"class":86},[20,93643,814],{},[38,93645,93647],{"className":40,"code":93646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93648,93649,93653,93657,93661,93665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93650,93651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93652,47425],{"class":445},[47,93654,93655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93656,47090],{"class":445},[47,93658,93659],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93660,17235],{"class":445},[47,93662,93663],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,93664,46790],{"class":445},[47,93666,93667],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,93668,48824],{"class":445},[20,93670,340,93671,93673],{},[15,93672,91019],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93675,93676,93677,93679,93680,94],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93678,36373],{}," is so common with ",[455,93681,3755,93683,91050],{"href":93682},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93684,6137],{},[20,93686,93687],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,93689,93691],{"className":40,"code":93690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93692,93693,93715,93719,93729,93743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93694,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93696,93384],{"class":53},[47,93698,58],{"class":57},[47,93700,54240],{"class":82},[47,93702,87],{"class":86},[47,93704,2233],{"class":445},[47,93706,309],{"class":86},[47,93708,6184],{"class":445},[47,93710,309],{"class":86},[47,93712,1769],{"class":445},[47,93714,286],{"class":86},[47,93716,93717],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93718,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,93720,93721,93723,93725,93727],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93722,83],{"class":82},[47,93724,87],{"class":86},[47,93726,60675],{"class":90},[47,93728,286],{"class":86},[47,93730,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,93732,83],{"class":82},[47,93734,87],{"class":86},[47,93736,11337],{"class":82},[47,93738,87],{"class":86},[47,93740,60675],{"class":90},[47,93742,1879],{"class":86},[47,93744,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93756],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,93746,83],{"class":82},[47,93748,87],{"class":86},[47,93750,80759],{"class":445},[47,93752,1690],{"class":752},[47,93754,93755],{"class":90}," r",[47,93757,286],{"class":86},[20,93759,814],{},[38,93761,93763],{"className":40,"code":93762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93764,93765,93783,93787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93768,60169],{"class":82},[47,93770,87],{"class":86},[47,93772,2233],{"class":445},[47,93774,309],{"class":86},[47,93776,6184],{"class":445},[47,93778,309],{"class":86},[47,93780,1769],{"class":445},[47,93782,286],{"class":86},[47,93784,93785],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93786,48824],{"class":445},[47,93788,93789],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93790,4160],{"class":4032},[149,93792,152,93794,93583],{"id":93793},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93795,93245],{},[20,93797,93798,93800],{},[15,93799,93245],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[162,93802,93803,93806,93809,93812],{},[165,93804,93805],{},"It creates all values at once",[165,93807,93808],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[165,93810,93811],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[165,93813,93814,93815,93817],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93816,36373],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93819,183],{},[38,93821,93823],{"className":40,"code":93822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93824,93825,93843,93847,93857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93826,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93828,3798],{"class":53},[47,93830,58],{"class":57},[47,93832,22737],{"class":1570},[47,93834,87],{"class":86},[47,93836,60169],{"class":82},[47,93838,87],{"class":86},[47,93840,2313],{"class":445},[47,93842,1879],{"class":86},[47,93844,93845],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93846,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,93848,93849,93851,93853,93855],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,93850,83],{"class":82},[47,93852,87],{"class":86},[47,93854,3830],{"class":90},[47,93856,286],{"class":86},[47,93858,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,93860,83],{"class":82},[47,93862,87],{"class":86},[47,93864,3830],{"class":90},[47,93866,4080],{"class":86},[47,93868,2233],{"class":445},[47,93870,4068],{"class":86},[20,93872,814],{},[38,93874,93876],{"className":40,"code":93875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93877,93878,93902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93879,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93881,4080],{"class":86},[47,93883,1721],{"class":445},[47,93885,309],{"class":86},[47,93887,5677],{"class":445},[47,93889,309],{"class":86},[47,93891,1769],{"class":445},[47,93893,309],{"class":86},[47,93895,2630],{"class":445},[47,93897,309],{"class":86},[47,93899,912],{"class":445},[47,93901,3816],{"class":86},[47,93903,93904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93905,17235],{"class":445},[20,93907,93908],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93910,93911,93912,94],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[455,93913,3755,93914,3688],{"href":65016},[15,93915,24958],{},[149,93917,1321,93919],{"id":93918},"when-to-use-range",[15,93920,36373],{},[20,93922,144,93923,10776],{},[15,93924,36373],{},[162,93926,93927,93932,93935,93938],{},[165,93928,93929,93930,91779],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93931,6137],{},[165,93933,93934],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[165,93936,93937],{},"You are working with large sequences",[165,93939,93940],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93942,183],{},[38,93944,93946],{"className":40,"code":93945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93947,93948,93968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93949,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93951,6137],{"class":752},[47,93953,69716],{"class":53},[47,93955,1613],{"class":752},[47,93957,54240],{"class":82},[47,93959,87],{"class":86},[47,93961,1598],{"class":445},[47,93963,309],{"class":86},[47,93965,446],{"class":445},[47,93967,771],{"class":86},[47,93969,93970,93972,93974,93976,93979,93981,93983,93985],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93971,776],{"class":82},[47,93973,87],{"class":86},[47,93975,102],{"class":61},[47,93977,93978],{"class":65},"Count:",[47,93980,102],{"class":61},[47,93982,309],{"class":86},[47,93984,36304],{"class":90},[47,93986,286],{"class":86},[20,93988,814],{},[38,93990,93992],{"className":40,"code":93991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93993,93994,94003,94011,94019,94027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93995,93996,93999,94001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93997,93998],{"class":53},"Count",[47,94000,3062],{"class":86},[47,94002,29792],{"class":445},[47,94004,94005,94007,94009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94006,93998],{"class":53},[47,94008,3062],{"class":86},[47,94010,45762],{"class":445},[47,94012,94013,94015,94017],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94014,93998],{"class":53},[47,94016,3062],{"class":86},[47,94018,2755],{"class":445},[47,94020,94021,94023,94025],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,94022,93998],{"class":53},[47,94024,3062],{"class":86},[47,94026,23840],{"class":445},[47,94028,94029,94031,94033],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,94030,93998],{"class":53},[47,94032,3062],{"class":86},[47,94034,35017],{"class":445},[20,94036,94037],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94039,94040,94041,94043,94044,62456,94046,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94042,35925],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94045,36774],{},[455,94047,36781,94049,36784],{"href":94048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94050,35925],{},[149,94052,1321,94054],{"id":94053},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94055,93245],{},[20,94057,144,94058,10776],{},[15,94059,93245],{},[162,94061,94062,94065,94068,94071],{},[165,94063,94064],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[165,94066,94067],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[165,94069,94070],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[165,94072,94073],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94075,183],{},[38,94077,94079],{"className":40,"code":94078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94080,94081,94099,94113,94117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94082,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94084,3798],{"class":53},[47,94086,58],{"class":57},[47,94088,22737],{"class":1570},[47,94090,87],{"class":86},[47,94092,60169],{"class":82},[47,94094,87],{"class":86},[47,94096,2313],{"class":445},[47,94098,1879],{"class":86},[47,94100,94101,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94102,3830],{"class":53},[47,94104,94],{"class":86},[47,94106,13732],{"class":90},[47,94108,87],{"class":86},[47,94110,2313],{"class":445},[47,94112,286],{"class":86},[47,94114,94115],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94116,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,94118,94119,94121,94123,94125],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,94120,83],{"class":82},[47,94122,87],{"class":86},[47,94124,3830],{"class":90},[47,94126,286],{"class":86},[20,94128,814],{},[38,94130,94132],{"className":40,"code":94131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94133,94134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94135,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94137,4080],{"class":86},[47,94139,1721],{"class":445},[47,94141,309],{"class":86},[47,94143,5677],{"class":445},[47,94145,309],{"class":86},[47,94147,1769],{"class":445},[47,94149,309],{"class":86},[47,94151,2630],{"class":445},[47,94153,309],{"class":86},[47,94155,912],{"class":445},[47,94157,309],{"class":86},[47,94159,4787],{"class":445},[47,94161,3816],{"class":86},[20,94163,6240,94164,94166],{},[15,94165,3830],{}," is a list.",[149,94168,15776],{"id":15775},[20,94170,94171,94173,94174,94],{},[15,94172,36373],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3922,94175,37773],{},[20,94177,2284],{},[162,94179,94180,94182,94187,94192,94195],{},[165,94181,22162],{},[165,94183,94184,94185],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94186,42536],{},[165,94188,94189,94190],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94191,1613],{},[165,94193,94194],{},"You can index it",[165,94196,94197,94198,94200],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94199,52823],{}," do not work on it",[20,94202,183],{},[38,94204,94206],{"className":40,"code":94205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94207,94208,94222,94226,94240,94254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94209,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94211,93384],{"class":53},[47,94213,58],{"class":57},[47,94215,54240],{"class":82},[47,94217,87],{"class":86},[47,94219,2313],{"class":445},[47,94221,286],{"class":86},[47,94223,94224],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94225,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94229,83],{"class":82},[47,94231,87],{"class":86},[47,94233,60675],{"class":90},[47,94235,4080],{"class":86},[47,94237,2233],{"class":445},[47,94239,4068],{"class":86},[47,94241,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,94243,83],{"class":82},[47,94245,87],{"class":86},[47,94247,11337],{"class":82},[47,94249,87],{"class":86},[47,94251,60675],{"class":90},[47,94253,1879],{"class":86},[47,94255,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,94257,83],{"class":82},[47,94259,87],{"class":86},[47,94261,2239],{"class":445},[47,94263,1690],{"class":752},[47,94265,93755],{"class":90},[47,94267,286],{"class":86},[20,94269,814],{},[38,94271,94273],{"className":40,"code":94272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94274,94275,94279,94283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94276,94277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94278,17235],{"class":445},[47,94280,94281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94282,3124],{"class":445},[47,94284,94285],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94286,4160],{"class":4032},[20,94288,94289],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,94291,94293],{"className":40,"code":94292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94294,94295,94309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94296,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94298,93384],{"class":53},[47,94300,58],{"class":57},[47,94302,54240],{"class":82},[47,94304,87],{"class":86},[47,94306,2313],{"class":445},[47,94308,286],{"class":86},[47,94310,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94312,60675],{"class":53},[47,94314,94],{"class":86},[47,94316,13732],{"class":90},[47,94318,87],{"class":86},[47,94320,2313],{"class":445},[47,94322,286],{"class":86},[20,94324,814],{},[38,94326,94328],{"className":40,"code":94327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94329,94330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94331,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94347,94349,94351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94333,25849],{"class":1570},[47,94335,3062],{"class":86},[47,94337,3474],{"class":61},[47,94339,60169],{"class":65},[47,94341,3479],{"class":61},[47,94343,24794],{"class":1570},[47,94345,94346],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94348,3479],{"class":61},[47,94350,13732],{"class":65},[47,94352,29876],{"class":61},[20,94354,94355,94356,2366,94358,2370,94360,94362],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94357,52823],{},[15,94359,55698],{},[15,94361,64480],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94364,94365,94366,94],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[455,94367,25857,94368],{"href":35595},[15,94369,34431],{},[149,94371,94373],{"id":94372},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94375,94376],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,94378,94379],{"className":40,"code":92855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94380,94381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94382,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94384,83],{"class":82},[47,94386,87],{"class":86},[47,94388,60169],{"class":82},[47,94390,87],{"class":86},[47,94392,2313],{"class":445},[47,94394,1879],{"class":86},[20,94396,94397],{},"to show:",[38,94399,94400],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94401,94402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94403,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94405,4080],{"class":86},[47,94407,1721],{"class":445},[47,94409,309],{"class":86},[47,94411,5677],{"class":445},[47,94413,309],{"class":86},[47,94415,1769],{"class":445},[47,94417,309],{"class":86},[47,94419,2630],{"class":445},[47,94421,309],{"class":86},[47,94423,912],{"class":445},[47,94425,3816],{"class":86},[20,94427,94428],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,94430,94431],{"className":40,"code":92876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94432,94433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94434,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94436,60169],{"class":82},[47,94438,87],{"class":86},[47,94440,1721],{"class":445},[47,94442,309],{"class":86},[47,94444,4787],{"class":445},[47,94446,286],{"class":86},[20,94448,4810,94449,94451],{},[3922,94450,4813],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94453,94454,94455,94457],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3922,94456,93263],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94459,94460],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,94462,94463],{"className":40,"code":91212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94464,94465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94466,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94468,83],{"class":82},[47,94470,87],{"class":86},[47,94472,8269],{"class":1570},[47,94474,87],{"class":86},[47,94476,60169],{"class":82},[47,94478,87],{"class":86},[47,94480,2313],{"class":445},[47,94482,1958],{"class":86},[20,94484,814],{},[38,94486,94487],{"className":40,"code":60192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94488,94489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94490,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94492,4080],{"class":86},[47,94494,1721],{"class":445},[47,94496,309],{"class":86},[47,94498,5677],{"class":445},[47,94500,309],{"class":86},[47,94502,1769],{"class":445},[47,94504,309],{"class":86},[47,94506,2630],{"class":445},[47,94508,309],{"class":86},[47,94510,912],{"class":445},[47,94512,3816],{"class":86},[149,94514,1425],{"id":1424},[20,94516,94517],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[162,94519,94520,94526,94529,94535],{},[165,94521,831,94522,94525],{},[15,94523,94524],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[165,94527,94528],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[165,94530,94531,94532,94534],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94533,36373],{}," is iterable but not a list",[165,94536,831,94537,94539,94540,94542],{},[15,94538,93245],{}," when plain ",[15,94541,36373],{}," would be simpler",[20,94544,94545],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,94547,94549],{"className":40,"code":94548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94550,94551,94565,94583,94601,94623,94641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94552,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94554,83],{"class":82},[47,94556,87],{"class":86},[47,94558,60169],{"class":82},[47,94560,87],{"class":86},[47,94562,2313],{"class":445},[47,94564,1879],{"class":86},[47,94566,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94568,83],{"class":82},[47,94570,87],{"class":86},[47,94572,8269],{"class":1570},[47,94574,87],{"class":86},[47,94576,60169],{"class":82},[47,94578,87],{"class":86},[47,94580,2313],{"class":445},[47,94582,1958],{"class":86},[47,94584,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94599],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94586,83],{"class":82},[47,94588,87],{"class":86},[47,94590,1872],{"class":1570},[47,94592,87],{"class":86},[47,94594,60169],{"class":82},[47,94596,87],{"class":86},[47,94598,2313],{"class":445},[47,94600,1958],{"class":86},[47,94602,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,94604,83],{"class":82},[47,94606,87],{"class":86},[47,94608,1872],{"class":1570},[47,94610,87],{"class":86},[47,94612,8269],{"class":1570},[47,94614,87],{"class":86},[47,94616,60169],{"class":82},[47,94618,87],{"class":86},[47,94620,2313],{"class":445},[47,94622,93532],{"class":86},[47,94624,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,94626,83],{"class":82},[47,94628,87],{"class":86},[47,94630,2239],{"class":445},[47,94632,1690],{"class":752},[47,94634,54240],{"class":82},[47,94636,87],{"class":86},[47,94638,2313],{"class":445},[47,94640,1879],{"class":86},[47,94642,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,94644,83],{"class":82},[47,94646,87],{"class":86},[47,94648,11337],{"class":82},[47,94650,87],{"class":86},[47,94652,60169],{"class":82},[47,94654,87],{"class":86},[47,94656,2313],{"class":445},[47,94658,1958],{"class":86},[20,94660,814],{},[38,94662,94664],{"className":40,"code":94663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94665,94666,94680,94704,94718,94732,94736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94667,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676,94678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94669,60169],{"class":82},[47,94671,87],{"class":86},[47,94673,1721],{"class":445},[47,94675,309],{"class":86},[47,94677,4787],{"class":445},[47,94679,286],{"class":86},[47,94681,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94683,4080],{"class":86},[47,94685,1721],{"class":445},[47,94687,309],{"class":86},[47,94689,5677],{"class":445},[47,94691,309],{"class":86},[47,94693,1769],{"class":445},[47,94695,309],{"class":86},[47,94697,2630],{"class":445},[47,94699,309],{"class":86},[47,94701,912],{"class":445},[47,94703,3816],{"class":86},[47,94705,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,94707,3468],{"class":57},[47,94709,3471],{"class":2242},[47,94711,3474],{"class":61},[47,94713,60169],{"class":65},[47,94715,3479],{"class":61},[47,94717,3482],{"class":57},[47,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,94721,3468],{"class":57},[47,94723,3471],{"class":2242},[47,94725,3474],{"class":61},[47,94727,8269],{"class":65},[47,94729,3479],{"class":61},[47,94731,3482],{"class":57},[47,94733,94734],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,94735,4160],{"class":4032},[47,94737,94738],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,94739,3124],{"class":445},[149,94741,1962],{"id":1961},[469,94743,2022,94745,94747],{"id":94744},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94746,36373],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94749,46538,94750,94752],{},[15,94751,36373],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[469,94754,94756,94757,11267,94759,2037],{"id":94755},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94758,36373],{},[15,94760,93245],{},[20,94762,94763,94765,94766,94768],{},[15,94764,36373],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94767,93245],{}," creates a full list.",[469,94770,94772],{"id":94771},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94774,94775],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94777,183],{},[38,94779,94781],{"className":40,"code":94780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94782,94783,94797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94784,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793,94795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94786,93384],{"class":53},[47,94788,58],{"class":57},[47,94790,54240],{"class":82},[47,94792,87],{"class":86},[47,94794,2313],{"class":445},[47,94796,286],{"class":86},[47,94798,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807,94809],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94800,83],{"class":82},[47,94802,87],{"class":86},[47,94804,60675],{"class":90},[47,94806,4080],{"class":86},[47,94808,1598],{"class":445},[47,94810,4068],{"class":86},[20,94812,814],{},[38,94814,94815],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94816,94817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94818,94819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94820,47090],{"class":445},[469,94822,5338,94824,94826],{"id":94823},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94825,94524],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94828,94829,94830,94833],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94831,94832],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[469,94835,94837,94838,94840],{"id":94836},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94839,36373],{}," to a list?",[20,94842,94843],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[149,94845,2062],{"id":2061},[162,94847,94848,94854,94860,94867,94873],{},[165,94849,94850],{},[455,94851,3755,94852,3688],{"href":93229},[15,94853,36373],{},[165,94855,94856],{},[455,94857,3755,94858,3688],{"href":65016},[15,94859,24958],{},[165,94861,94862],{},[455,94863,3755,94864,94866],{"href":93682},[15,94865,6137],{}," loops explained",[165,94868,94869],{},[455,94870,37694,94871,36784],{"href":94048},[15,94872,35925],{},[165,94874,94875],{},[455,94876,26300,94877],{"href":35595},[15,94878,34431],{},[2093,94880,94881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":94883},[94884,94885,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894,94895,94896,94897,94908],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":93348,"depth":72,"text":93349},{"id":93580,"depth":72,"text":94887},"What range() gives you",{"id":93793,"depth":72,"text":94889},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93918,"depth":72,"text":94891},"When to use range()",{"id":94053,"depth":72,"text":94893},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15775,"depth":72,"text":15776},{"id":94372,"depth":72,"text":94373},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":94898},[94899,94901,94903,94904,94906],{"id":94744,"depth":79,"text":94900},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94755,"depth":79,"text":94902},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94771,"depth":79,"text":94772},{"id":94823,"depth":79,"text":94905},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94836,"depth":79,"text":94907},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93235,"description":94909},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94916,"title":94917,"body":94918,"description":96354,"extension":2138,"meta":96355,"navigation":75,"path":96356,"seo":96357,"stem":96358,"__hash__":96359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94919,"toc":96320},[94920,94926,94931,94934,94948,94951,94953,94992,94994,95007,95015,95020,95036,95039,95041,95043,95064,95081,95084,95143,95145,95164,95169,95175,95178,95212,95214,95227,95230,95275,95277,95300,95307,95313,95316,95357,95359,95373,95376,95434,95436,95451,95464,95470,95476,95541,95543,95562,95564,95582,95585,95589,95595,95597,95630,95632,95645,95655,95658,95719,95721,95742,95745,95747,95763,95768,95772,95777,95782,95838,95840,95858,95861,95906,95908,95916,95921,95925,95939,95941,95973,95975,95984,95986,95990,95999,96002,96034,96036,96048,96051,96055,96060,96101,96103,96111,96114,96137,96141,96143,96152,96155,96208,96210,96219,96223,96228,96239,96241,96250,96253,96259,96262,96268,96278,96286,96293,96295,96317],[10,94921,3755,94923,3759],{"id":94922},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94924,94925],{},"round()",[20,94927,9297,94928,94930],{},[15,94929,94925],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94932,94933],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[162,94935,94936,94942],{},[165,94937,94938,94941],{},[15,94939,94940],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[165,94943,94944,94947],{},[15,94945,94946],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94949,94950],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[149,94952,2179],{"id":2178},[38,94954,94956],{"className":40,"code":94955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94957,94958,94974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94959,94960,94962,94964,94967,94969,94972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94961,83],{"class":82},[47,94963,87],{"class":86},[47,94965,94966],{"class":82},"round",[47,94968,87],{"class":86},[47,94970,94971],{"class":445},"3.14159",[47,94973,1879],{"class":86},[47,94975,94976,94978,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988,94990],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94977,83],{"class":82},[47,94979,87],{"class":86},[47,94981,94966],{"class":82},[47,94983,87],{"class":86},[47,94985,94971],{"class":445},[47,94987,309],{"class":86},[47,94989,1769],{"class":445},[47,94991,1879],{"class":86},[20,94993,814],{},[38,94995,94997],{"className":40,"code":94996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94998,94999,95003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95000,95001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95002,46790],{"class":445},[47,95004,95005],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95006,40352],{"class":445},[20,95008,144,95009,95011,95012,95014],{},[15,95010,94940],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95013,94946],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[149,95016,152,95018,155],{"id":95017},"what-round-does",[15,95019,94925],{},[162,95021,95022,95027,95030,95033],{},[165,95023,95024,95026],{},[15,95025,94925],{}," is a built-in Python function",[165,95028,95029],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[165,95031,95032],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[165,95034,95035],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95037,95038],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[149,95040,261],{"id":260},[20,95042,2336],{},[38,95044,95046],{"className":40,"code":95045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95047,95048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95049,95050,95052,95054,95056,95059,95062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95051,94966],{"class":82},[47,95053,87],{"class":86},[47,95055,2417],{"class":90},[47,95057,95058],{"class":86},"[,",[47,95060,95061],{"class":90}," ndigits",[47,95063,4068],{"class":86},[162,95065,95066,95071,95076],{},[165,95067,95068,95070],{},[15,95069,2417],{}," is the value to round",[165,95072,95073,20218],{},[15,95074,95075],{},"ndigits",[165,95077,95078,95080],{},[15,95079,95075],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95082,95083],{},"Basic examples:",[38,95085,95087],{"className":40,"code":95086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95088,95089,95104,95122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95090,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099,95102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95092,83],{"class":82},[47,95094,87],{"class":86},[47,95096,94966],{"class":82},[47,95098,87],{"class":86},[47,95100,95101],{"class":445},"7.8",[47,95103,1879],{"class":86},[47,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95107,83],{"class":82},[47,95109,87],{"class":86},[47,95111,94966],{"class":82},[47,95113,87],{"class":86},[47,95115,95101],{"class":445},[47,95117,309],{"class":86},[47,95119,5677],{"class":445},[47,95121,1879],{"class":86},[47,95123,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132,95135,95137,95139,95141],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95125,83],{"class":82},[47,95127,87],{"class":86},[47,95129,94966],{"class":82},[47,95131,87],{"class":86},[47,95133,95134],{"class":445},"1234",[47,95136,309],{"class":86},[47,95138,2399],{"class":57},[47,95140,2233],{"class":445},[47,95142,1879],{"class":86},[20,95144,814],{},[38,95146,95148],{"className":40,"code":95147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95149,95150,95154,95159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95151,95152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95153,2560],{"class":445},[47,95155,95156],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95157,95158],{"class":445},"7.8\n",[47,95160,95161],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95162,95163],{"class":445},"1200\n",[20,95165,95166,95167,94],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[455,95168,2599],{"href":2598},[149,95170,831,95172,95174],{"id":95171},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95173,94925],{}," with one argument",[20,95176,95177],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,95179,95181],{"className":40,"code":95180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95182,95183,95197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95186,83],{"class":82},[47,95188,87],{"class":86},[47,95190,94966],{"class":82},[47,95192,87],{"class":86},[47,95194,2541],{"class":445},[47,95196,1879],{"class":86},[47,95198,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95200,83],{"class":82},[47,95202,87],{"class":86},[47,95204,94966],{"class":82},[47,95206,87],{"class":86},[47,95208,95209],{"class":445},"4.8",[47,95211,1879],{"class":86},[20,95213,814],{},[38,95215,95217],{"className":40,"code":95216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,95218,95219,95223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95220,95221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95222,48824],{"class":445},[47,95224,95225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95226,3124],{"class":445},[20,95228,95229],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,95231,95233],{"className":40,"code":95232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95234,95235,95251,95261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95236,95237,95239,95241,95244,95246,95249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95238,2407],{"class":53},[47,95240,58],{"class":57},[47,95242,95243],{"class":82}," round",[47,95245,87],{"class":86},[47,95247,95248],{"class":445},"10.2",[47,95250,286],{"class":86},[47,95252,95253,95255,95257,95259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95254,83],{"class":82},[47,95256,87],{"class":86},[47,95258,2442],{"class":90},[47,95260,286],{"class":86},[47,95262,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95264,83],{"class":82},[47,95266,87],{"class":86},[47,95268,1872],{"class":1570},[47,95270,87],{"class":86},[47,95272,2442],{"class":90},[47,95274,1879],{"class":86},[20,95276,814],{},[38,95278,95280],{"className":40,"code":95279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95281,95282,95286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95283,95284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95285,2555],{"class":445},[47,95287,95288,95290,95292,95294,95296,95298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95289,3468],{"class":57},[47,95291,3471],{"class":2242},[47,95293,3474],{"class":61},[47,95295,2365],{"class":65},[47,95297,3479],{"class":61},[47,95299,3482],{"class":57},[20,95301,95302,95303,94],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[455,95304,3755,95305,3688],{"href":3052},[15,95306,3055],{},[149,95308,831,95310,95312],{"id":95309},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95311,94925],{}," with decimal places",[20,95314,95315],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,95317,95319],{"className":40,"code":95318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95320,95321,95339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95322,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95324,83],{"class":82},[47,95326,87],{"class":86},[47,95328,94966],{"class":82},[47,95330,87],{"class":86},[47,95332,94971],{"class":445},[47,95334,309],{"class":86},[47,95336,1769],{"class":445},[47,95338,1879],{"class":86},[47,95340,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95342,83],{"class":82},[47,95344,87],{"class":86},[47,95346,94966],{"class":82},[47,95348,87],{"class":86},[47,95350,94971],{"class":445},[47,95352,309],{"class":86},[47,95354,2630],{"class":445},[47,95356,1879],{"class":86},[20,95358,814],{},[38,95360,95362],{"className":40,"code":95361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95363,95364,95368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95365,95366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95367,40352],{"class":445},[47,95369,95370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95371,95372],{"class":445},"3.142\n",[20,95374,95375],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,95377,95379],{"className":40,"code":95378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95380,95381,95390,95409,95413,95423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95382,95383,95385,95387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95384,40562],{"class":53},[47,95386,58],{"class":57},[47,95388,95389],{"class":445}," 19.9876\n",[47,95391,95392,95395,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95393,95394],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95396,58],{"class":57},[47,95398,95243],{"class":82},[47,95400,87],{"class":86},[47,95402,25327],{"class":90},[47,95404,309],{"class":86},[47,95406,1769],{"class":445},[47,95408,286],{"class":86},[47,95410,95411],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95412,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,95416,83],{"class":82},[47,95418,87],{"class":86},[47,95420,25327],{"class":90},[47,95422,286],{"class":86},[47,95424,95425,95427,95429,95432],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,95426,83],{"class":82},[47,95428,87],{"class":86},[47,95430,95431],{"class":90},"rounded_price",[47,95433,286],{"class":86},[20,95435,814],{},[38,95437,95439],{"className":40,"code":95438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95440,95441,95446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95442,95443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95444,95445],{"class":445},"19.9876\n",[47,95447,95448],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95449,95450],{"class":445},"19.99\n",[20,95452,95453,95454,95457,95458,32,95460,94],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95455,95456],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[455,95459,41066],{"href":41065},[455,95461,3755,95462,3688],{"href":3058},[15,95463,3061],{},[149,95465,95467,95468],{"id":95466},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95469,95075],{},[20,95471,95472,95473,95475],{},"A negative ",[15,95474,95075],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,95477,95479],{"className":40,"code":95478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95480,95481,95501,95521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95482,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95484,83],{"class":82},[47,95486,87],{"class":86},[47,95488,94966],{"class":82},[47,95490,87],{"class":86},[47,95492,95134],{"class":445},[47,95494,309],{"class":86},[47,95496,2399],{"class":57},[47,95498,1598],{"class":445},[47,95500,1879],{"class":86},[47,95502,95503,95505,95507,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95504,83],{"class":82},[47,95506,87],{"class":86},[47,95508,94966],{"class":82},[47,95510,87],{"class":86},[47,95512,95134],{"class":445},[47,95514,309],{"class":86},[47,95516,2399],{"class":57},[47,95518,2233],{"class":445},[47,95520,1879],{"class":86},[47,95522,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533,95535,95537,95539],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95524,83],{"class":82},[47,95526,87],{"class":86},[47,95528,94966],{"class":82},[47,95530,87],{"class":86},[47,95532,95134],{"class":445},[47,95534,309],{"class":86},[47,95536,2399],{"class":57},[47,95538,2239],{"class":445},[47,95540,1879],{"class":86},[20,95542,814],{},[38,95544,95546],{"className":40,"code":95545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95547,95548,95553,95557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95549,95550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95551,95552],{"class":445},"1230\n",[47,95554,95555],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95556,95163],{"class":445},[47,95558,95559],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95560,95561],{"class":445},"1000\n",[20,95563,65752],{},[162,95565,95566,95571,95577],{},[165,95567,95568,95570],{},[15,95569,66022],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[165,95572,95573,95576],{},[15,95574,95575],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[165,95578,95579,95581],{},[15,95580,47844],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95583,95584],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[149,95586,95588],{"id":95587},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95590,95591,95592,94],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95593,95594],{},".5",[20,95596,5651],{},[38,95598,95600],{"className":40,"code":95599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95601,95602,95616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95603,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95605,83],{"class":82},[47,95607,87],{"class":86},[47,95609,94966],{"class":82},[47,95611,87],{"class":86},[47,95613,41333],{"class":445},[47,95615,1879],{"class":86},[47,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95619,83],{"class":82},[47,95621,87],{"class":86},[47,95623,94966],{"class":82},[47,95625,87],{"class":86},[47,95627,2216],{"class":445},[47,95629,1879],{"class":86},[20,95631,814],{},[38,95633,95635],{"className":40,"code":95634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,95636,95637,95641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95638,95639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95640,17235],{"class":445},[47,95642,95643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95644,48824],{"class":445},[20,95646,95647,95648,95651,95652,95654],{},"Python uses ",[3922,95649,95650],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95653,95594],{}," situations.",[20,95656,95657],{},"More examples:",[38,95659,95661],{"className":40,"code":95660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95662,95663,95677,95691,95705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95664,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95666,83],{"class":82},[47,95668,87],{"class":86},[47,95670,94966],{"class":82},[47,95672,87],{"class":86},[47,95674,41346],{"class":445},[47,95676,1879],{"class":86},[47,95678,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95680,83],{"class":82},[47,95682,87],{"class":86},[47,95684,94966],{"class":82},[47,95686,87],{"class":86},[47,95688,41333],{"class":445},[47,95690,1879],{"class":86},[47,95692,95693,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95694,83],{"class":82},[47,95696,87],{"class":86},[47,95698,94966],{"class":82},[47,95700,87],{"class":86},[47,95702,2216],{"class":445},[47,95704,1879],{"class":86},[47,95706,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,95708,83],{"class":82},[47,95710,87],{"class":86},[47,95712,94966],{"class":82},[47,95714,87],{"class":86},[47,95716,41298],{"class":445},[47,95718,1879],{"class":86},[20,95720,814],{},[38,95722,95724],{"className":40,"code":95723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95725,95726,95730,95734,95738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95727,95728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95729,17235],{"class":445},[47,95731,95732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95733,17235],{"class":445},[47,95735,95736],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95737,48824],{"class":445},[47,95739,95740],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,95741,48824],{"class":445},[20,95743,95744],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95746,10888],{},[162,95748,95749,95756],{},[165,95750,95751,2310,95754],{},[15,95752,95753],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95755,2233],{},[165,95757,95758,2310,95761],{},[15,95759,95760],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95762,2682],{},[20,95764,3347,95765,95767],{},[15,95766,95594],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[149,95769,95771],{"id":95770},"return-values","Return values",[20,95773,95774,95776],{},[15,95775,94925],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95778,41080,95779,95781],{},[3922,95780,4813],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,95783,95785],{"className":40,"code":95784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95786,95787,95796,95800,95810,95828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95788,95789,95791,95793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95790,1535],{"class":53},[47,95792,58],{"class":57},[47,95794,95795],{"class":445}," 3.14159\n",[47,95797,95798],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95799,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,95801,95802,95804,95806,95808],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95803,83],{"class":82},[47,95805,87],{"class":86},[47,95807,1587],{"class":90},[47,95809,286],{"class":86},[47,95811,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824,95826],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,95813,83],{"class":82},[47,95815,87],{"class":86},[47,95817,94966],{"class":82},[47,95819,87],{"class":86},[47,95821,1587],{"class":90},[47,95823,309],{"class":86},[47,95825,1769],{"class":445},[47,95827,1879],{"class":86},[47,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,95831,83],{"class":82},[47,95833,87],{"class":86},[47,95835,1587],{"class":90},[47,95837,286],{"class":86},[20,95839,814],{},[38,95841,95843],{"className":40,"code":95842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95844,95845,95850,95854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95846,95847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95848,95849],{"class":445},"3.14159\n",[47,95851,95852],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95853,40352],{"class":445},[47,95855,95856],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95857,95849],{"class":445},[20,95859,95860],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,95862,95864],{"className":40,"code":95863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95865,95866,95874,95892,95896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95867,95868,95870,95872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95869,1535],{"class":53},[47,95871,58],{"class":57},[47,95873,95795],{"class":445},[47,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884,95886,95888,95890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95877,1535],{"class":53},[47,95879,58],{"class":57},[47,95881,95243],{"class":82},[47,95883,87],{"class":86},[47,95885,1587],{"class":90},[47,95887,309],{"class":86},[47,95889,1769],{"class":445},[47,95891,286],{"class":86},[47,95893,95894],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,95895,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,95897,95898,95900,95902,95904],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,95899,83],{"class":82},[47,95901,87],{"class":86},[47,95903,1587],{"class":90},[47,95905,286],{"class":86},[20,95907,814],{},[38,95909,95910],{"className":40,"code":40352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95911,95912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95913,95914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95915,40352],{"class":445},[149,95917,1321,95919],{"id":95918},"when-to-use-round",[15,95920,94925],{},[20,95922,144,95923,6498],{},[15,95924,94925],{},[162,95926,95927,95930,95933,95936],{},[165,95928,95929],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[165,95931,95932],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[165,95934,95935],{},"Round values before reporting results",[165,95937,95938],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95940,5651],{},[38,95942,95944],{"className":40,"code":95943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95945,95946,95955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95947,95948,95950,95952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95949,2774],{"class":53},[47,95951,58],{"class":57},[47,95953,95954],{"class":445}," 12.67891\n",[47,95956,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95958,83],{"class":82},[47,95960,87],{"class":86},[47,95962,94966],{"class":82},[47,95964,87],{"class":86},[47,95966,2797],{"class":90},[47,95968,309],{"class":86},[47,95970,1769],{"class":445},[47,95972,1879],{"class":86},[20,95974,814],{},[38,95976,95978],{"className":40,"code":95977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,95979,95980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95981,95982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95983,95977],{"class":445},[149,95985,1425],{"id":1424},[20,95987,1428,95988,94],{},[15,95989,94925],{},[469,95991,8628,95993,95995,95996,95998],{"id":95992},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95994,94925],{}," to always round ",[15,95997,95594],{}," upward",[20,96000,96001],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,96003,96004],{"className":40,"code":95599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96005,96006,96020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96007,96008,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96009,83],{"class":82},[47,96011,87],{"class":86},[47,96013,94966],{"class":82},[47,96015,87],{"class":86},[47,96017,41333],{"class":445},[47,96019,1879],{"class":86},[47,96021,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96023,83],{"class":82},[47,96025,87],{"class":86},[47,96027,94966],{"class":82},[47,96029,87],{"class":86},[47,96031,2216],{"class":445},[47,96033,1879],{"class":86},[20,96035,814],{},[38,96037,96038],{"className":40,"code":95634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96039,96040,96044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96041,96042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96043,17235],{"class":445},[47,96045,96046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96047,48824],{"class":445},[20,96049,96050],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[469,96052,96054],{"id":96053},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96056,96057,96059],{},[15,96058,94925],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,96061,96063],{"className":40,"code":96062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96064,96065,96073,96087,96091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96066,96067,96069,96071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96068,1535],{"class":53},[47,96070,58],{"class":57},[47,96072,95795],{"class":445},[47,96074,96075,96077,96079,96081,96083,96085],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96076,94966],{"class":82},[47,96078,87],{"class":86},[47,96080,1587],{"class":90},[47,96082,309],{"class":86},[47,96084,1769],{"class":445},[47,96086,286],{"class":86},[47,96088,96089],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96090,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96092,96093,96095,96097,96099],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96094,83],{"class":82},[47,96096,87],{"class":86},[47,96098,1587],{"class":90},[47,96100,286],{"class":86},[20,96102,814],{},[38,96104,96105],{"className":40,"code":95849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96106,96107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96108,96109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96110,95849],{"class":445},[20,96112,96113],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,96115,96117],{"className":40,"code":96116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96118,96119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96120,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96122,1535],{"class":53},[47,96124,58],{"class":57},[47,96126,95243],{"class":82},[47,96128,87],{"class":86},[47,96130,1587],{"class":90},[47,96132,309],{"class":86},[47,96134,1769],{"class":445},[47,96136,286],{"class":86},[469,96138,96140],{"id":96139},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96142,16581],{},[38,96144,96146],{"className":40,"code":96145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96147,96148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96149,96150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96151,96145],{"class":113},[20,96153,96154],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,96156,96158],{"className":40,"code":96157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96159,96160,96172,96186,96190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96161,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96163,54],{"class":53},[47,96165,58],{"class":57},[47,96167,62],{"class":61},[47,96169,40318],{"class":65},[47,96171,69],{"class":61},[47,96173,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96175,2394],{"class":53},[47,96177,58],{"class":57},[47,96179,40430],{"class":1570},[47,96181,87],{"class":86},[47,96183,91],{"class":90},[47,96185,286],{"class":86},[47,96187,96188],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96189,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96193,83],{"class":82},[47,96195,87],{"class":86},[47,96197,94966],{"class":82},[47,96199,87],{"class":86},[47,96201,2417],{"class":90},[47,96203,309],{"class":86},[47,96205,5677],{"class":445},[47,96207,1879],{"class":86},[20,96209,814],{},[38,96211,96213],{"className":40,"code":96212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,96214,96215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96216,96217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96218,96212],{"class":445},[469,96220,96222],{"id":96221},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96224,96225,96227],{},[15,96226,94925],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96229,96230,96231,32,96235,94],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[455,96232,96233],{"href":3058},[15,96234,3061],{},[455,96236,96237],{"href":3052},[15,96238,3055],{},[149,96240,1962],{"id":1961},[469,96242,1966,96244,96246,96247,96249],{"id":96243},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96245,94925],{}," always round ",[15,96248,40389],{}," up?",[20,96251,96252],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[469,96254,1966,96256,96258],{"id":96255},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96257,94925],{}," change the original number?",[20,96260,96261],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[469,96263,1980,96265,96267],{"id":96264},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96266,94925],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96269,96270,96271,96273,96274,32,96276,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96272,95075],{}," value like ",[15,96275,66022],{},[15,96277,95575],{},[469,96279,2049,96281,96283,96284,2037],{"id":96280},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96282,94925],{}," on a string like ",[15,96285,48268],{},[20,96287,96288,96289,32,96291,94],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96290,3061],{},[15,96292,3055],{},[149,96294,2062],{"id":2061},[162,96296,96297,96303,96309,96313],{},[165,96298,96299],{},[455,96300,3755,96301,3688],{"href":3058},[15,96302,3061],{},[165,96304,96305],{},[455,96306,3755,96307,3688],{"href":3052},[15,96308,3055],{},[165,96310,96311],{},[455,96312,2599],{"href":2598},[165,96314,96315],{},[455,96316,42356],{"href":41065},[2093,96318,96319],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":96321},[96322,96323,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332,96333,96334,96336,96343,96353],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":95017,"depth":72,"text":96324},"What round() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":95171,"depth":72,"text":96327},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95309,"depth":72,"text":96329},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95466,"depth":72,"text":96331},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95587,"depth":72,"text":95588},{"id":95770,"depth":72,"text":95771},{"id":95918,"depth":72,"text":96335},"When to use round()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":96337},[96338,96340,96341,96342],{"id":95992,"depth":79,"text":96339},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96053,"depth":79,"text":96054},{"id":96139,"depth":79,"text":96140},{"id":96221,"depth":79,"text":96222},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":96344},[96345,96347,96349,96351],{"id":96243,"depth":79,"text":96346},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96255,"depth":79,"text":96348},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96264,"depth":79,"text":96350},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96280,"depth":79,"text":96352},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94917,"description":96354},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96361,"title":96362,"body":96363,"description":97548,"extension":2138,"meta":97549,"navigation":75,"path":97550,"seo":97551,"stem":97552,"__hash__":97553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96364,"toc":97522},[96365,96372,96378,96381,96383,96432,96436,96461,96466,96471,96476,96490,96501,96503,96522,96524,96540,96543,96554,96556,96558,96619,96623,96656,96663,96670,96673,96706,96709,96713,96716,96769,96773,96794,96800,96807,96814,96875,96883,96960,96964,96976,96985,96987,96993,96999,97003,97056,97059,97117,97121,97129,97132,97136,97139,97149,97151,97248,97251,97262,97265,97308,97312,97336,97339,97345,97347,97351,97376,97378,97445,97454,97456,97462,97467,97471,97474,97478,97485,97489,97494,97496,97513,97519],[10,96366,96368,96369,18],{"id":96367},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96370,96371],{},"add()",[20,96373,96374,96377],{},[15,96375,96376],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96379,96380],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[149,96382,2179],{"id":2178},[38,96384,96386],{"className":40,"code":96385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96387,96388,96408,96422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96389,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96391,3798],{"class":53},[47,96393,58],{"class":57},[47,96395,10665],{"class":86},[47,96397,1598],{"class":445},[47,96399,309],{"class":86},[47,96401,1769],{"class":445},[47,96403,309],{"class":86},[47,96405,2630],{"class":445},[47,96407,9483],{"class":86},[47,96409,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96411,3830],{"class":53},[47,96413,94],{"class":86},[47,96415,82271],{"class":90},[47,96417,87],{"class":86},[47,96419,2682],{"class":445},[47,96421,286],{"class":86},[47,96423,96424,96426,96428,96430],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96425,83],{"class":82},[47,96427,87],{"class":86},[47,96429,3830],{"class":90},[47,96431,286],{"class":86},[20,96433,96434],{},[3922,96435,814],{},[38,96437,96439],{"className":40,"code":96438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96440,96441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96442,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96444,9452],{"class":86},[47,96446,1598],{"class":445},[47,96448,309],{"class":86},[47,96450,1769],{"class":445},[47,96452,309],{"class":86},[47,96454,2630],{"class":445},[47,96456,309],{"class":86},[47,96458,912],{"class":445},[47,96460,9483],{"class":86},[20,96462,144,96463,96465],{},[15,96464,96371],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[149,96467,152,96469,155],{"id":96468},"what-setadd-does",[15,96470,96376],{},[20,96472,96473,96475],{},[15,96474,96376],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[162,96477,96478,96481,96484,96487],{},[165,96479,96480],{},"Adds one item to a set",[165,96482,96483],{},"Changes the original set in place",[165,96485,96486],{},"Does not return a new set",[165,96488,96489],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96491,96492,96493,32,96497,94],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[455,96494,96496],{"href":96495},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[455,96498,96500],{"href":96499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[149,96502,261],{"id":260},[38,96504,96506],{"className":40,"code":96505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96507,96508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96509,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96511,15846],{"class":53},[47,96513,94],{"class":86},[47,96515,82271],{"class":90},[47,96517,87],{"class":86},[47,96519,23487],{"class":90},[47,96521,286],{"class":86},[20,96523,11634],{},[162,96525,96526,96531,96534],{},[165,96527,56078,96528,96530],{},[15,96529,96371],{}," on an existing set",[165,96532,96533],{},"Pass exactly one item",[165,96535,96536,96537],{},"The item must be ",[3922,96538,96539],{},"hashable",[20,96541,96542],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[162,96544,96545,96547,96549,96552],{},[165,96546,56631],{},[165,96548,56634],{},[165,96550,96551],{},"Tuples",[165,96553,40770],{},[149,96555,11651],{"id":11650},[20,96557,11654],{},[38,96559,96561],{"className":40,"code":96560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96562,96563,96587,96605,96609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96564,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96566,13254],{"class":53},[47,96568,58],{"class":57},[47,96570,10665],{"class":86},[47,96572,102],{"class":61},[47,96574,13271],{"class":65},[47,96576,102],{"class":61},[47,96578,309],{"class":86},[47,96580,62],{"class":61},[47,96582,13288],{"class":65},[47,96584,102],{"class":61},[47,96586,9483],{"class":86},[47,96588,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96590,17680],{"class":53},[47,96592,94],{"class":86},[47,96594,82271],{"class":90},[47,96596,87],{"class":86},[47,96598,102],{"class":61},[47,96600,17633],{"class":65},[47,96602,102],{"class":61},[47,96604,286],{"class":86},[47,96606,96607],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96608,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96610,96611,96613,96615,96617],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96612,83],{"class":82},[47,96614,87],{"class":86},[47,96616,17680],{"class":90},[47,96618,286],{"class":86},[20,96620,96621],{},[3922,96622,30206],{},[38,96624,96626],{"className":40,"code":96625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96627,96628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96629,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96631,9452],{"class":86},[47,96633,3479],{"class":61},[47,96635,13271],{"class":65},[47,96637,3479],{"class":61},[47,96639,309],{"class":86},[47,96641,3474],{"class":61},[47,96643,17633],{"class":65},[47,96645,3479],{"class":61},[47,96647,309],{"class":86},[47,96649,3474],{"class":61},[47,96651,13288],{"class":65},[47,96653,3479],{"class":61},[47,96655,9483],{"class":86},[20,96657,96658,96659,96662],{},"The new value ",[15,96660,96661],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96664,96665,96666,96669],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3922,96667,96668],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96671,96672],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,96674,96676],{"className":40,"code":96675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96677,96678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96679,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96681,9452],{"class":86},[47,96683,3479],{"class":61},[47,96685,13288],{"class":65},[47,96687,3479],{"class":61},[47,96689,309],{"class":86},[47,96691,3474],{"class":61},[47,96693,13271],{"class":65},[47,96695,3479],{"class":61},[47,96697,309],{"class":86},[47,96699,3474],{"class":61},[47,96701,17633],{"class":65},[47,96703,3479],{"class":61},[47,96705,9483],{"class":86},[20,96707,96708],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[149,96710,96712],{"id":96711},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96714,96715],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,96717,96719],{"className":40,"code":96718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96720,96721,96741,96755,96759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96722,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96724,3798],{"class":53},[47,96726,58],{"class":57},[47,96728,10665],{"class":86},[47,96730,1598],{"class":445},[47,96732,309],{"class":86},[47,96734,1769],{"class":445},[47,96736,309],{"class":86},[47,96738,2630],{"class":445},[47,96740,9483],{"class":86},[47,96742,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96744,3830],{"class":53},[47,96746,94],{"class":86},[47,96748,82271],{"class":90},[47,96750,87],{"class":86},[47,96752,2233],{"class":445},[47,96754,286],{"class":86},[47,96756,96757],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96758,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96760,96761,96763,96765,96767],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96762,83],{"class":82},[47,96764,87],{"class":86},[47,96766,3830],{"class":90},[47,96768,286],{"class":86},[20,96770,96771],{},[3922,96772,814],{},[38,96774,96776],{"className":40,"code":96775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96777,96778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96779,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96781,9452],{"class":86},[47,96783,1598],{"class":445},[47,96785,309],{"class":86},[47,96787,1769],{"class":445},[47,96789,309],{"class":86},[47,96791,2630],{"class":445},[47,96793,9483],{"class":86},[20,96795,96796,96797,96799],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96798,2233],{}," was already present.",[149,96801,96803,10760,96805],{"id":96802},"add-vs-update",[15,96804,96371],{},[15,96806,15133],{},[20,96808,144,96809,96811,96812,94],{},[15,96810,96371],{}," when you want to add ",[3922,96813,52827],{},[38,96815,96817],{"className":40,"code":96816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96818,96819,96843,96861,96865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96820,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96822,36265],{"class":53},[47,96824,58],{"class":57},[47,96826,10665],{"class":86},[47,96828,102],{"class":61},[47,96830,455],{"class":65},[47,96832,102],{"class":61},[47,96834,309],{"class":86},[47,96836,62],{"class":61},[47,96838,2014],{"class":65},[47,96840,102],{"class":61},[47,96842,9483],{"class":86},[47,96844,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96846,36318],{"class":53},[47,96848,94],{"class":86},[47,96850,82271],{"class":90},[47,96852,87],{"class":86},[47,96854,102],{"class":61},[47,96856,9913],{"class":65},[47,96858,102],{"class":61},[47,96860,286],{"class":86},[47,96862,96863],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96864,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96868,83],{"class":82},[47,96870,87],{"class":86},[47,96872,36318],{"class":90},[47,96874,286],{"class":86},[20,96876,144,96877,96811,96879,96882],{},[15,96878,15133],{},[3922,96880,96881],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,96884,96886],{"className":40,"code":96885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96887,96888,96912,96946,96950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96891,36265],{"class":53},[47,96893,58],{"class":57},[47,96895,10665],{"class":86},[47,96897,102],{"class":61},[47,96899,455],{"class":65},[47,96901,102],{"class":61},[47,96903,309],{"class":86},[47,96905,62],{"class":61},[47,96907,2014],{"class":65},[47,96909,102],{"class":61},[47,96911,9483],{"class":86},[47,96913,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96915,36318],{"class":53},[47,96917,94],{"class":86},[47,96919,30641],{"class":90},[47,96921,3163],{"class":86},[47,96923,102],{"class":61},[47,96925,9913],{"class":65},[47,96927,102],{"class":61},[47,96929,309],{"class":86},[47,96931,62],{"class":61},[47,96933,18946],{"class":65},[47,96935,102],{"class":61},[47,96937,309],{"class":86},[47,96939,62],{"class":61},[47,96941,60617],{"class":65},[47,96943,102],{"class":61},[47,96945,4068],{"class":86},[47,96947,96948],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,96949,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,96951,96952,96954,96956,96958],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,96953,83],{"class":82},[47,96955,87],{"class":86},[47,96957,36318],{"class":90},[47,96959,286],{"class":86},[469,96961,96963],{"id":96962},"key-difference","Key difference",[162,96965,96966,96971],{},[165,96967,96968,96970],{},[15,96969,96371],{}," adds one item",[165,96972,96973,96975],{},[15,96974,15133],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96977,96978,96979,94],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[455,96980,96982,96983,1168],{"href":96981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96984,15133],{},[149,96986,700],{"id":699},[20,96988,96989,2576,96991,94],{},[15,96990,96376],{},[15,96992,3958],{},[20,96994,96995,96996,96998],{},"That means you should ",[3922,96997,4813],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[469,97000,97002],{"id":97001},"correct","Correct",[38,97004,97006],{"className":40,"code":97005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97007,97008,97028,97042,97046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97011,15808],{"class":53},[47,97013,58],{"class":57},[47,97015,10665],{"class":86},[47,97017,1598],{"class":445},[47,97019,309],{"class":86},[47,97021,1769],{"class":445},[47,97023,309],{"class":86},[47,97025,2630],{"class":445},[47,97027,9483],{"class":86},[47,97029,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97031,15846],{"class":53},[47,97033,94],{"class":86},[47,97035,82271],{"class":90},[47,97037,87],{"class":86},[47,97039,2682],{"class":445},[47,97041,286],{"class":86},[47,97043,97044],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97045,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97047,97048,97050,97052,97054],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97049,83],{"class":82},[47,97051,87],{"class":86},[47,97053,15846],{"class":90},[47,97055,286],{"class":86},[469,97057,97058],{"id":61937},"Wrong",[38,97060,97062],{"className":40,"code":97061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97063,97064,97084,97103,97107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97065,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97067,15808],{"class":53},[47,97069,58],{"class":57},[47,97071,10665],{"class":86},[47,97073,1598],{"class":445},[47,97075,309],{"class":86},[47,97077,1769],{"class":445},[47,97079,309],{"class":86},[47,97081,2630],{"class":445},[47,97083,9483],{"class":86},[47,97085,97086,97088,97090,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97087,15808],{"class":53},[47,97089,58],{"class":57},[47,97091,97092],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,97094,94],{"class":86},[47,97096,82271],{"class":90},[47,97098,87],{"class":86},[47,97100,2682],{"class":445},[47,97102,286],{"class":86},[47,97104,97105],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97106,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97108,97109,97111,97113,97115],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97110,83],{"class":82},[47,97112,87],{"class":86},[47,97114,15846],{"class":90},[47,97116,286],{"class":86},[20,97118,97119],{},[3922,97120,814],{},[38,97122,97123],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97124,97125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97126,97127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97128,11985],{"class":4032},[20,97130,97131],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[149,97133,97135],{"id":97134},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97137,97138],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[162,97140,97141,97143,97145,97147],{},[165,97142,56631],{},[165,97144,56634],{},[165,97146,96551],{},[165,97148,40770],{},[20,97150,183],{},[38,97152,97154],{"className":40,"code":97153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97155,97156,97166,97170,97184,97202,97220,97234,97238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97159,7955],{"class":53},[47,97161,58],{"class":57},[47,97163,15813],{"class":1570},[47,97165,8817],{"class":86},[47,97167,97168],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97169,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97171,97172,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97173,7986],{"class":53},[47,97175,94],{"class":86},[47,97177,82271],{"class":90},[47,97179,87],{"class":86},[47,97181,2509],{"class":445},[47,97183,286],{"class":86},[47,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97187,7986],{"class":53},[47,97189,94],{"class":86},[47,97191,82271],{"class":90},[47,97193,87],{"class":86},[47,97195,102],{"class":61},[47,97197,386],{"class":65},[47,97199,102],{"class":61},[47,97201,286],{"class":86},[47,97203,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,97205,7986],{"class":53},[47,97207,94],{"class":86},[47,97209,82271],{"class":90},[47,97211,675],{"class":86},[47,97213,1598],{"class":445},[47,97215,309],{"class":86},[47,97217,1769],{"class":445},[47,97219,1879],{"class":86},[47,97221,97222,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,97223,7986],{"class":53},[47,97225,94],{"class":86},[47,97227,82271],{"class":90},[47,97229,87],{"class":86},[47,97231,31],{"class":4032},[47,97233,286],{"class":86},[47,97235,97236],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,97237,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97239,97240,97242,97244,97246],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,97241,83],{"class":82},[47,97243,87],{"class":86},[47,97245,7986],{"class":90},[47,97247,286],{"class":86},[20,97249,97250],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[162,97252,97253,97256,97259],{},[165,97254,97255],{},"Lists",[165,97257,97258],{},"Dictionaries",[165,97260,97261],{},"Sets",[20,97263,97264],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,97266,97268],{"className":40,"code":97267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97269,97270,97290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97271,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97273,7955],{"class":53},[47,97275,58],{"class":57},[47,97277,10665],{"class":86},[47,97279,1598],{"class":445},[47,97281,309],{"class":86},[47,97283,1769],{"class":445},[47,97285,309],{"class":86},[47,97287,2630],{"class":445},[47,97289,9483],{"class":86},[47,97291,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97293,7986],{"class":53},[47,97295,94],{"class":86},[47,97297,82271],{"class":90},[47,97299,3163],{"class":86},[47,97301,2682],{"class":445},[47,97303,309],{"class":86},[47,97305,4787],{"class":445},[47,97307,4068],{"class":86},[20,97309,97310],{},[3922,97311,29857],{},[38,97313,97315],{"className":40,"code":97314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97316,97317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97318,97319,97321,97323,97326,97328,97330,97332,97334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97320,3182],{"class":1570},[47,97322,3062],{"class":86},[47,97324,97325],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97327,1872],{"class":1570},[47,97329,3062],{"class":86},[47,97331,3474],{"class":61},[47,97333,8269],{"class":65},[47,97335,29876],{"class":61},[20,97337,97338],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97340,97341,97342,94],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97343,97344],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[149,97346,1425],{"id":1424},[20,97348,14913,97349,3062],{},[15,97350,96376],{},[162,97352,97353,97358,97363,97366,97373],{},[165,97354,831,97355,97357],{},[15,97356,96371],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[165,97359,8628,97360,97362],{},[15,97361,96371],{}," to return the updated set",[165,97364,97365],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[165,97367,1608,97368,97370,97371],{},[15,97369,96376],{}," with list ",[15,97372,52823],{},[165,97374,97375],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97377,71673],{},[38,97379,97381],{"className":40,"code":97380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97382,97383,97393,97407,97417,97431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97384,97385,97387,97389,97391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97386,83],{"class":82},[47,97388,87],{"class":86},[47,97390,15846],{"class":90},[47,97392,286],{"class":86},[47,97394,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97396,83],{"class":82},[47,97398,87],{"class":86},[47,97400,1872],{"class":1570},[47,97402,87],{"class":86},[47,97404,15846],{"class":90},[47,97406,1879],{"class":86},[47,97408,97409,97411,97413,97415],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97410,83],{"class":82},[47,97412,87],{"class":86},[47,97414,1587],{"class":90},[47,97416,286],{"class":86},[47,97418,97419,97421,97423,97425,97427,97429],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97420,83],{"class":82},[47,97422,87],{"class":86},[47,97424,1872],{"class":1570},[47,97426,87],{"class":86},[47,97428,1587],{"class":90},[47,97430,1879],{"class":86},[47,97432,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,97434,32327],{"class":82},[47,97436,87],{"class":86},[47,97438,6467],{"class":1570},[47,97440,94],{"class":86},[47,97442,82271],{"class":24927},[47,97444,286],{"class":86},[20,97446,97447,97448,97450,97451,94],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97449,96376],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[455,97452,53219],{"href":97453},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[149,97455,1962],{"id":1961},[469,97457,1966,97459,97461],{"id":97458},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97460,96376],{}," return a new set?",[20,97463,97464,97465,94],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97466,3958],{},[469,97468,97470],{"id":97469},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97472,97473],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[469,97475,97477],{"id":97476},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97479,144,97480,11267,97483,94],{},[15,97481,97482],{},"set.update()",[15,97484,96371],{},[469,97486,97488],{"id":97487},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97490,97491,97492,94],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97493,3182],{},[149,97495,2062],{"id":2061},[162,97497,97498,97502,97507],{},[165,97499,97500],{},[455,97501,96496],{"href":96495},[165,97503,97504],{},[455,97505,97506],{"href":96499},"How to create a set in Python",[165,97508,97509],{},[455,97510,96982,97511,1168],{"href":96981},[15,97512,15133],{},[20,97514,97515,97516,97518],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97517,96371],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2093,97520,97521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":97523},[97524,97525,97527,97528,97529,97530,97534,97538,97539,97540,97547],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":96468,"depth":72,"text":97526},"What set.add() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":96711,"depth":72,"text":96712},{"id":96802,"depth":72,"text":97531,"children":97532},"add() vs update()",[97533],{"id":96962,"depth":79,"text":96963},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700,"children":97535},[97536,97537],{"id":97001,"depth":79,"text":97002},{"id":61937,"depth":79,"text":97058},{"id":97134,"depth":72,"text":97135},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":97541},[97542,97544,97545,97546],{"id":97458,"depth":79,"text":97543},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97469,"depth":79,"text":97470},{"id":97476,"depth":79,"text":97477},{"id":97487,"depth":79,"text":97488},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96362,"description":97548},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97555,"title":97556,"body":97557,"description":98726,"extension":2138,"meta":98727,"navigation":75,"path":98728,"seo":98729,"stem":98730,"__hash__":98731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97558,"toc":98693},[97559,97564,97570,97577,97622,97624,97635,97640,97645,97649,97663,97668,97670,97672,97687,97689,97703,97705,97707,97772,97774,97784,97786,97804,97810,97817,97822,97896,97898,97915,97921,97926,97997,97999,98026,98043,98046,98052,98054,98061,98065,98132,98134,98149,98152,98205,98207,98215,98227,98229,98233,98238,98240,98289,98291,98299,98301,98346,98348,98358,98364,98372,98385,98391,98393,98422,98424,98442,98446,98449,98480,98482,98500,98504,98579,98581,98597,98604,98606,98611,98616,98622,98625,98629,98637,98644,98652,98654,98690],[10,97560,96368,97562,18],{"id":97561},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97563,11497],{},[20,97565,97566,97569],{},[15,97567,97568],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97571,97572,97573,97576],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3922,97574,97575],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,97578,97580],{"className":40,"code":97579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97581,97582,97602,97612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97583,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97585,3798],{"class":53},[47,97587,58],{"class":57},[47,97589,10665],{"class":86},[47,97591,1598],{"class":445},[47,97593,309],{"class":86},[47,97595,1769],{"class":445},[47,97597,309],{"class":86},[47,97599,2630],{"class":445},[47,97601,9483],{"class":86},[47,97603,97604,97606,97608,97610],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97605,3830],{"class":53},[47,97607,94],{"class":86},[47,97609,11558],{"class":90},[47,97611,8817],{"class":86},[47,97613,97614,97616,97618,97620],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97615,83],{"class":82},[47,97617,87],{"class":86},[47,97619,3830],{"class":90},[47,97621,286],{"class":86},[20,97623,814],{},[38,97625,97627],{"className":40,"code":97626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,97628,97629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97630,97631,97633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97632,6467],{"class":1570},[47,97634,8817],{"class":86},[20,97636,97637,97639],{},[15,97638,11497],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[149,97641,152,97643,155],{"id":97642},"what-setclear-does",[15,97644,97568],{},[20,97646,842,97647,11588],{},[15,97648,11497],{},[162,97650,97651,97654,97656,97660],{},[165,97652,97653],{},"Removes every item from a set",[165,97655,96483],{},[165,97657,11599,97658],{},[15,97659,3958],{},[165,97661,97662],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97664,96492,97665,71772],{},[455,97666,96496],{"href":97667},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[149,97669,261],{"id":260},[20,97671,54616],{},[38,97673,97675],{"className":40,"code":97674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97676,97677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97678,97679,97681,97683,97685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97680,15846],{"class":53},[47,97682,94],{"class":86},[47,97684,11558],{"class":90},[47,97686,8817],{"class":86},[20,97688,13230],{},[162,97690,97691,97694,97697,97700],{},[165,97692,97693],{},"It takes no arguments",[165,97695,97696],{},"It empties the set",[165,97698,97699],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[165,97701,97702],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[149,97704,11651],{"id":11650},[20,97706,11654],{},[38,97708,97710],{"className":40,"code":97709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97711,97712,97744,97748,97758,97762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97713,97714,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97715,13254],{"class":53},[47,97717,58],{"class":57},[47,97719,10665],{"class":86},[47,97721,102],{"class":61},[47,97723,13271],{"class":65},[47,97725,102],{"class":61},[47,97727,309],{"class":86},[47,97729,62],{"class":61},[47,97731,17633],{"class":65},[47,97733,102],{"class":61},[47,97735,309],{"class":86},[47,97737,62],{"class":61},[47,97739,13288],{"class":65},[47,97741,102],{"class":61},[47,97743,9483],{"class":86},[47,97745,97746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97747,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97749,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97751,17680],{"class":53},[47,97753,94],{"class":86},[47,97755,11558],{"class":90},[47,97757,8817],{"class":86},[47,97759,97760],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97761,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97763,97764,97766,97768,97770],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,97765,83],{"class":82},[47,97767,87],{"class":86},[47,97769,17680],{"class":90},[47,97771,286],{"class":86},[20,97773,814],{},[38,97775,97776],{"className":40,"code":97626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97777,97778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97779,97780,97782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97781,6467],{"class":1570},[47,97783,8817],{"class":86},[20,97785,11860],{},[162,97787,97788,97793,97798],{},[165,97789,97790,97792],{},[15,97791,17680],{}," starts with three values",[165,97794,97795,11873],{},[15,97796,97797],{},"colors.clear()",[165,97799,97800,97801,97803],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97802,3977],{},", which means an empty set",[149,97805,97807,97809],{"id":97806},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97808,11497],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97811,97812,837,97814,97816],{},[15,97813,11497],{},[15,97815,3977],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[469,97818,831,97820],{"id":97819},"using-clear",[15,97821,11497],{},[38,97823,97825],{"className":40,"code":97824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97826,97827,97847,97857,97861,97871,97875,97885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97828,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843,97845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97830,7955],{"class":53},[47,97832,58],{"class":57},[47,97834,10665],{"class":86},[47,97836,1598],{"class":445},[47,97838,309],{"class":86},[47,97840,1769],{"class":445},[47,97842,309],{"class":86},[47,97844,2630],{"class":445},[47,97846,9483],{"class":86},[47,97848,97849,97852,97854],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97850,97851],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97853,58],{"class":57},[47,97855,97856],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97858,97859],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97860,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97862,97863,97865,97867,97869],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97864,7986],{"class":53},[47,97866,94],{"class":86},[47,97868,11558],{"class":90},[47,97870,8817],{"class":86},[47,97872,97873],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,97874,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97876,97877,97879,97881,97883],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,97878,83],{"class":82},[47,97880,87],{"class":86},[47,97882,7986],{"class":90},[47,97884,286],{"class":86},[47,97886,97887,97889,97891,97894],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,97888,83],{"class":82},[47,97890,87],{"class":86},[47,97892,97893],{"class":90},"other_name",[47,97895,286],{"class":86},[20,97897,814],{},[38,97899,97901],{"className":40,"code":97900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97902,97903,97909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97904,97905,97907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97906,6467],{"class":1570},[47,97908,8817],{"class":86},[47,97910,97911,97913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97912,6467],{"class":1570},[47,97914,8817],{"class":86},[20,97916,97917,97918,94],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3922,97919,97920],{},"same set object",[469,97922,831,97924],{"id":97923},"using-set",[15,97925,3977],{},[38,97927,97929],{"className":40,"code":97928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97930,97931,97951,97959,97963,97973,97977,97987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97932,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97934,7955],{"class":53},[47,97936,58],{"class":57},[47,97938,10665],{"class":86},[47,97940,1598],{"class":445},[47,97942,309],{"class":86},[47,97944,1769],{"class":445},[47,97946,309],{"class":86},[47,97948,2630],{"class":445},[47,97950,9483],{"class":86},[47,97952,97953,97955,97957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97954,97851],{"class":53},[47,97956,58],{"class":57},[47,97958,97856],{"class":53},[47,97960,97961],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,97962,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97964,97965,97967,97969,97971],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,97966,7955],{"class":53},[47,97968,58],{"class":57},[47,97970,15813],{"class":1570},[47,97972,8817],{"class":86},[47,97974,97975],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,97976,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,97978,97979,97981,97983,97985],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,97980,83],{"class":82},[47,97982,87],{"class":86},[47,97984,7986],{"class":90},[47,97986,286],{"class":86},[47,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,97990,83],{"class":82},[47,97992,87],{"class":86},[47,97994,97893],{"class":90},[47,97996,286],{"class":86},[20,97998,814],{},[38,98000,98002],{"className":40,"code":98001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98003,98004,98010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98005,98006,98008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98007,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98009,8817],{"class":86},[47,98011,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022,98024],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98013,9452],{"class":86},[47,98015,1598],{"class":445},[47,98017,309],{"class":86},[47,98019,1769],{"class":445},[47,98021,309],{"class":86},[47,98023,2630],{"class":445},[47,98025,9483],{"class":86},[20,98027,340,98028,93260,98031,98034,98035,94,98037,98039,98040,98042],{},[15,98029,98030],{},"items = set()",[3922,98032,98033],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98036,7986],{},[10020,98038],{},"\nBut ",[15,98041,97893],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98044,98045],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98047,98048,98049,94],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[455,98050,96500],{"href":98051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[149,98053,700],{"id":699},[20,98055,98056,14233,98058,98060],{},[15,98057,11497],{},[3922,98059,4813],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98062,170,98063,94],{},[15,98064,3958],{},[38,98066,98068],{"className":40,"code":98067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98069,98070,98090,98094,98108,98112,98122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98071,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98073,3798],{"class":53},[47,98075,58],{"class":57},[47,98077,10665],{"class":86},[47,98079,1598],{"class":445},[47,98081,309],{"class":86},[47,98083,1769],{"class":445},[47,98085,309],{"class":86},[47,98087,2630],{"class":445},[47,98089,9483],{"class":86},[47,98091,98092],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98093,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98095,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98097,2407],{"class":53},[47,98099,58],{"class":57},[47,98101,4444],{"class":53},[47,98103,94],{"class":86},[47,98105,11558],{"class":90},[47,98107,8817],{"class":86},[47,98109,98110],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,98111,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,98115,83],{"class":82},[47,98117,87],{"class":86},[47,98119,2442],{"class":90},[47,98121,286],{"class":86},[47,98123,98124,98126,98128,98130],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,98125,83],{"class":82},[47,98127,87],{"class":86},[47,98129,3830],{"class":90},[47,98131,286],{"class":86},[20,98133,814],{},[38,98135,98137],{"className":40,"code":98136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,98138,98139,98143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98140,98141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98142,11985],{"class":4032},[47,98144,98145,98147],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98146,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98148,8817],{"class":86},[20,98150,98151],{},"Do not do this:",[38,98153,98155],{"className":40,"code":98154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98156,98157,98177,98191,98195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98158,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98160,3798],{"class":53},[47,98162,58],{"class":57},[47,98164,10665],{"class":86},[47,98166,1598],{"class":445},[47,98168,309],{"class":86},[47,98170,1769],{"class":445},[47,98172,309],{"class":86},[47,98174,2630],{"class":445},[47,98176,9483],{"class":86},[47,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98180,3798],{"class":53},[47,98182,58],{"class":57},[47,98184,4444],{"class":53},[47,98186,94],{"class":86},[47,98188,11558],{"class":90},[47,98190,8817],{"class":86},[47,98192,98193],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98194,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98196,98197,98199,98201,98203],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,98198,83],{"class":82},[47,98200,87],{"class":86},[47,98202,3830],{"class":90},[47,98204,286],{"class":86},[20,98206,814],{},[38,98208,98209],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98210,98211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98212,98213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98214,11985],{"class":4032},[20,98216,22366,98217,2576,98219,98221,98222,98224,98225,94],{},[15,98218,54729],{},[15,98220,3958],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98223,3958],{}," back to ",[15,98226,3830],{},[149,98228,4700],{"id":4699},[20,98230,10922,98231,94],{},[15,98232,97568],{},[469,98234,12772,98236],{"id":98235},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98237,11497],{},[20,98239,1783],{},[38,98241,98243],{"className":40,"code":98242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98244,98245,98265,98279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257,98259,98261,98263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98248,15808],{"class":53},[47,98250,58],{"class":57},[47,98252,10665],{"class":86},[47,98254,1598],{"class":445},[47,98256,309],{"class":86},[47,98258,1769],{"class":445},[47,98260,309],{"class":86},[47,98262,2630],{"class":445},[47,98264,9483],{"class":86},[47,98266,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98268,15808],{"class":53},[47,98270,58],{"class":57},[47,98272,97092],{"class":53},[47,98274,94],{"class":86},[47,98276,11558],{"class":90},[47,98278,8817],{"class":86},[47,98280,98281,98283,98285,98287],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98282,83],{"class":82},[47,98284,87],{"class":86},[47,98286,15846],{"class":90},[47,98288,286],{"class":86},[20,98290,814],{},[38,98292,98293],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98294,98295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98296,98297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98298,11985],{"class":4032},[20,98300,1795],{},[38,98302,98304],{"className":40,"code":98303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98305,98306,98326,98336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98307,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98309,15808],{"class":53},[47,98311,58],{"class":57},[47,98313,10665],{"class":86},[47,98315,1598],{"class":445},[47,98317,309],{"class":86},[47,98319,1769],{"class":445},[47,98321,309],{"class":86},[47,98323,2630],{"class":445},[47,98325,9483],{"class":86},[47,98327,98328,98330,98332,98334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98329,15846],{"class":53},[47,98331,94],{"class":86},[47,98333,11558],{"class":90},[47,98335,8817],{"class":86},[47,98337,98338,98340,98342,98344],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98339,83],{"class":82},[47,98341,87],{"class":86},[47,98343,15846],{"class":90},[47,98345,286],{"class":86},[20,98347,814],{},[38,98349,98350],{"className":40,"code":97626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98351,98352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98353,98354,98356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98355,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98357,8817],{"class":86},[469,98359,8628,98361,98363],{"id":98360},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98362,11497],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98365,98366,98368,98369,98371],{},[15,98367,11497],{}," removes ",[3922,98370,3894],{}," items from the set.",[20,98373,98374,98375,32,98380,94],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[455,98376,98378],{"href":98377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98379,55698],{},[455,98381,98383],{"href":98382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98384,12940],{},[469,98386,831,98388,98390],{"id":98387},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98389,3972],{}," for an empty set",[20,98392,25868],{},[38,98394,98396],{"className":40,"code":98395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98397,98398,98407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98399,98400,98403,98405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98401,98402],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98404,58],{"class":57},[47,98406,10012],{"class":86},[47,98408,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98410,83],{"class":82},[47,98412,87],{"class":86},[47,98414,1872],{"class":1570},[47,98416,87],{"class":86},[47,98418,98419],{"class":90},"empty_value",[47,98421,1879],{"class":86},[20,98423,814],{},[38,98425,98426],{"className":40,"code":8982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98427,98428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98429,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98431,3468],{"class":57},[47,98433,3471],{"class":2242},[47,98435,3474],{"class":61},[47,98437,8995],{"class":65},[47,98439,3479],{"class":61},[47,98441,3482],{"class":57},[20,98443,98444,8962],{},[15,98445,3972],{},[20,98447,98448],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,98450,98452],{"className":40,"code":98451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98453,98454,98465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98455,98456,98459,98461,98463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98457,98458],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98460,58],{"class":57},[47,98462,15813],{"class":1570},[47,98464,8817],{"class":86},[47,98466,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98468,83],{"class":82},[47,98470,87],{"class":86},[47,98472,1872],{"class":1570},[47,98474,87],{"class":86},[47,98476,98477],{"class":90},"empty_set",[47,98479,1879],{"class":86},[20,98481,814],{},[38,98483,98484],{"className":40,"code":9026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98485,98486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98487,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98489,3468],{"class":57},[47,98491,3471],{"class":2242},[47,98493,3474],{"class":61},[47,98495,6467],{"class":65},[47,98497,3479],{"class":61},[47,98499,3482],{"class":57},[469,98501,98503],{"id":98502},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,98505,98507],{"className":40,"code":98506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98508,98509,98533,98541,98545,98555,98559,98569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98510,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98512,2732],{"class":53},[47,98514,58],{"class":57},[47,98516,10665],{"class":86},[47,98518,102],{"class":61},[47,98520,2350],{"class":65},[47,98522,102],{"class":61},[47,98524,309],{"class":86},[47,98526,62],{"class":61},[47,98528,11922],{"class":65},[47,98530,102],{"class":61},[47,98532,9483],{"class":86},[47,98534,98535,98537,98539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98536,2760],{"class":53},[47,98538,58],{"class":57},[47,98540,36350],{"class":53},[47,98542,98543],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98544,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,98548,455],{"class":53},[47,98550,94],{"class":86},[47,98552,11558],{"class":90},[47,98554,8817],{"class":86},[47,98556,98557],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,98558,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98560,98561,98563,98565,98567],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,98562,83],{"class":82},[47,98564,87],{"class":86},[47,98566,455],{"class":90},[47,98568,286],{"class":86},[47,98570,98571,98573,98575,98577],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,98572,83],{"class":82},[47,98574,87],{"class":86},[47,98576,2014],{"class":90},[47,98578,286],{"class":86},[20,98580,814],{},[38,98582,98583],{"className":40,"code":97900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98584,98585,98591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98586,98587,98589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98588,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98590,8817],{"class":86},[47,98592,98593,98595],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98594,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98596,8817],{"class":86},[20,98598,29238,98599,837,98601,98603],{},[15,98600,455],{},[15,98602,2014],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[149,98605,1962],{"id":1961},[469,98607,5323,98609,5326],{"id":98608},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98610,97568],{},[20,98612,170,98613,98615],{},[15,98614,3958],{},". It empties the set in place.",[469,98617,1966,98619,98621],{"id":98618},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98620,11497],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98623,98624],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[469,98626,98628],{"id":98627},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98630,98631,98632,98634,98635,94],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98633,11497],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98636,3977],{},[469,98638,2032,98640,837,98642,2037],{"id":98639},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98641,11497],{},[15,98643,3977],{},[20,98645,98646,98648,98649,98651],{},[15,98647,11497],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98650,3977],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[149,98653,2062],{"id":2061},[162,98655,98656,98660,98664,98671,98677,98683],{},[165,98657,98658],{},[455,98659,96496],{"href":97667},[165,98661,98662],{},[455,98663,97506],{"href":98051},[165,98665,98666],{},[455,98667,96982,98669,1168],{"href":98668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98670,96371],{},[165,98672,98673],{},[455,98674,96982,98675,1168],{"href":98377},[15,98676,55698],{},[165,98678,98679],{},[455,98680,96982,98681,1168],{"href":98382},[15,98682,12940],{},[165,98684,98685],{},[455,98686,96982,98688,1168],{"href":98687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98689,15133],{},[2093,98691,98692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":98694},[98695,98697,98698,98699,98706,98707,98716,98725],{"id":97642,"depth":72,"text":98696},"What set.clear() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":97806,"depth":72,"text":98700,"children":98701},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98702,98704],{"id":97819,"depth":79,"text":98703},"Using clear()",{"id":97923,"depth":79,"text":98705},"Using set()",{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":98708},[98709,98711,98713,98715],{"id":98235,"depth":79,"text":98710},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98360,"depth":79,"text":98712},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98387,"depth":79,"text":98714},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98502,"depth":79,"text":98503},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":98717},[98718,98720,98722,98723],{"id":98608,"depth":79,"text":98719},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98618,"depth":79,"text":98721},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98627,"depth":79,"text":98628},{"id":98639,"depth":79,"text":98724},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97556,"description":98726},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98733,"title":98734,"body":98735,"description":100567,"extension":2138,"meta":100568,"navigation":75,"path":96499,"seo":100569,"stem":100570,"__hash__":100571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98736,"toc":100524},[98737,98740,98743,98746,98748,98851,98855,98902,98908,98910,98929,98933,98936,98938,98952,98961,98965,98968,99003,99007,99027,99030,99034,99037,99098,99102,99127,99134,99140,99145,99147,99159,99163,99212,99216,99240,99247,99251,99292,99296,99317,99321,99354,99358,99399,99402,99406,99411,99450,99454,99479,99484,99490,99527,99531,99554,99558,99560,99563,99566,99643,99647,99684,99687,99691,99697,99700,99710,99759,99765,99771,99798,99801,99823,99825,99856,99859,99863,99867,99906,99910,99973,99976,100009,100013,100038,100040,100043,100049,100052,100079,100082,100100,100104,100108,100111,100154,100157,100161,100164,100167,100197,100200,100204,100207,100222,100227,100231,100234,100323,100325,100328,100418,100421,100439,100441,100445,100455,100459,100467,100471,100474,100478,100481,100485,100488,100490,100518,100521],[10,98738,98734],{"id":98739},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98741,98742],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98744,98745],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[149,98747,3788],{"id":3787},[38,98749,98751],{"className":40,"code":98750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98752,98753,98773,98807,98817,98821,98831,98841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98756,3798],{"class":53},[47,98758,58],{"class":57},[47,98760,10665],{"class":86},[47,98762,1598],{"class":445},[47,98764,309],{"class":86},[47,98766,1769],{"class":445},[47,98768,309],{"class":86},[47,98770,2630],{"class":445},[47,98772,9483],{"class":86},[47,98774,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98776,4251],{"class":53},[47,98778,58],{"class":57},[47,98780,15813],{"class":1570},[47,98782,3163],{"class":86},[47,98784,102],{"class":61},[47,98786,4260],{"class":65},[47,98788,102],{"class":61},[47,98790,309],{"class":86},[47,98792,62],{"class":61},[47,98794,491],{"class":65},[47,98796,102],{"class":61},[47,98798,309],{"class":86},[47,98800,62],{"class":61},[47,98802,4260],{"class":65},[47,98804,102],{"class":61},[47,98806,4068],{"class":86},[47,98808,98809,98811,98813,98815],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98810,98458],{"class":53},[47,98812,58],{"class":57},[47,98814,15813],{"class":1570},[47,98816,8817],{"class":86},[47,98818,98819],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,98820,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,98824,83],{"class":82},[47,98826,87],{"class":86},[47,98828,3830],{"class":90},[47,98830,286],{"class":86},[47,98832,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,98834,83],{"class":82},[47,98836,87],{"class":86},[47,98838,4294],{"class":90},[47,98840,286],{"class":86},[47,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,98844,83],{"class":82},[47,98846,87],{"class":86},[47,98848,98477],{"class":90},[47,98850,286],{"class":86},[20,98852,98853],{},[3922,98854,814],{},[38,98856,98858],{"className":40,"code":98857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98859,98860,98876,98896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98861,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98863,9452],{"class":86},[47,98865,1598],{"class":445},[47,98867,309],{"class":86},[47,98869,1769],{"class":445},[47,98871,309],{"class":86},[47,98873,2630],{"class":445},[47,98875,9483],{"class":86},[47,98877,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98879,9452],{"class":86},[47,98881,3479],{"class":61},[47,98883,491],{"class":65},[47,98885,3479],{"class":61},[47,98887,309],{"class":86},[47,98889,3474],{"class":61},[47,98891,4260],{"class":65},[47,98893,3479],{"class":61},[47,98895,9483],{"class":86},[47,98897,98898,98900],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,98899,6467],{"class":1570},[47,98901,8817],{"class":86},[20,98903,98904,98905,98907],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98906,3977],{}," for an empty set.",[149,98909,15342],{"id":15341},[162,98911,98912,98915,98920,98923,98926],{},[165,98913,98914],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[165,98916,98917,98918],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98919,3977],{},[165,98921,98922],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[165,98924,98925],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[165,98927,98928],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[149,98930,98932],{"id":98931},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98934,98935],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98937,30717],{},[162,98939,98940,98943,98946,98949],{},[165,98941,98942],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[165,98944,98945],{},"Sets are unordered",[165,98947,98948],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[165,98950,98951],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98953,98954,98955,32,98957,94],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[455,98956,96496],{"href":97667},[455,98958,98960],{"href":98959},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[149,98962,98964],{"id":98963},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98966,98967],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,98969,98971],{"className":40,"code":98970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98972,98973,98993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98974,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98976,3798],{"class":53},[47,98978,58],{"class":57},[47,98980,10665],{"class":86},[47,98982,1598],{"class":445},[47,98984,309],{"class":86},[47,98986,1769],{"class":445},[47,98988,309],{"class":86},[47,98990,2630],{"class":445},[47,98992,9483],{"class":86},[47,98994,98995,98997,98999,99001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98996,83],{"class":82},[47,98998,87],{"class":86},[47,99000,3830],{"class":90},[47,99002,286],{"class":86},[20,99004,99005],{},[3922,99006,30206],{},[38,99008,99009],{"className":40,"code":96775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99010,99011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99014,9452],{"class":86},[47,99016,1598],{"class":445},[47,99018,309],{"class":86},[47,99020,1769],{"class":445},[47,99022,309],{"class":86},[47,99024,2630],{"class":445},[47,99026,9483],{"class":86},[20,99028,99029],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[469,99031,99033],{"id":99032},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99035,99036],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,99038,99040],{"className":40,"code":99039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99041,99042,99074,99084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99043,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99045,3798],{"class":53},[47,99047,58],{"class":57},[47,99049,10665],{"class":86},[47,99051,1598],{"class":445},[47,99053,309],{"class":86},[47,99055,1769],{"class":445},[47,99057,309],{"class":86},[47,99059,1769],{"class":445},[47,99061,309],{"class":86},[47,99063,2630],{"class":445},[47,99065,309],{"class":86},[47,99067,2630],{"class":445},[47,99069,309],{"class":86},[47,99071,2630],{"class":445},[47,99073,9483],{"class":86},[47,99075,99076,99078,99080,99082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99077,83],{"class":82},[47,99079,87],{"class":86},[47,99081,3830],{"class":90},[47,99083,286],{"class":86},[47,99085,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,99087,83],{"class":82},[47,99089,87],{"class":86},[47,99091,11337],{"class":82},[47,99093,87],{"class":86},[47,99095,3830],{"class":90},[47,99097,1879],{"class":86},[20,99099,99100],{},[3922,99101,30206],{},[38,99103,99105],{"className":40,"code":99104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99106,99107,99123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99108,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99110,9452],{"class":86},[47,99112,1598],{"class":445},[47,99114,309],{"class":86},[47,99116,1769],{"class":445},[47,99118,309],{"class":86},[47,99120,2630],{"class":445},[47,99122,9483],{"class":86},[47,99124,99125],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99126,46790],{"class":445},[20,99128,21156,99129,837,99131,99133],{},[15,99130,2233],{},[15,99132,2239],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[149,99135,99137,99138],{"id":99136},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99139,3977],{},[20,99141,144,99142,99144],{},[15,99143,3977],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99146,5636],{},[162,99148,99149,99151,99153,99155],{},[165,99150,97255],{},[165,99152,96551],{},[165,99154,56634],{},[165,99156,99157],{},[15,99158,36373],{},[469,99160,99162],{"id":99161},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,99164,99166],{"className":40,"code":99165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99167,99168,99202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99169,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99171,3798],{"class":53},[47,99173,58],{"class":57},[47,99175,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99177,3163],{"class":86},[47,99179,1598],{"class":445},[47,99181,309],{"class":86},[47,99183,1769],{"class":445},[47,99185,309],{"class":86},[47,99187,1769],{"class":445},[47,99189,309],{"class":86},[47,99191,2630],{"class":445},[47,99193,309],{"class":86},[47,99195,2630],{"class":445},[47,99197,309],{"class":86},[47,99199,912],{"class":445},[47,99201,4068],{"class":86},[47,99203,99204,99206,99208,99210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99205,83],{"class":82},[47,99207,87],{"class":86},[47,99209,3830],{"class":90},[47,99211,286],{"class":86},[20,99213,99214],{},[3922,99215,30206],{},[38,99217,99218],{"className":40,"code":96438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99219,99220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99223,9452],{"class":86},[47,99225,1598],{"class":445},[47,99227,309],{"class":86},[47,99229,1769],{"class":445},[47,99231,309],{"class":86},[47,99233,2630],{"class":445},[47,99235,309],{"class":86},[47,99237,912],{"class":445},[47,99239,9483],{"class":86},[20,99241,99242,99243,94],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[455,99244,99246],{"href":99245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[469,99248,99250],{"id":99249},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,99252,99254],{"className":40,"code":99253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99255,99256,99282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99257,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99259,4003],{"class":53},[47,99261,58],{"class":57},[47,99263,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99265,675],{"class":86},[47,99267,2509],{"class":445},[47,99269,309],{"class":86},[47,99271,7966],{"class":445},[47,99273,309],{"class":86},[47,99275,7966],{"class":445},[47,99277,309],{"class":86},[47,99279,7971],{"class":445},[47,99281,1879],{"class":86},[47,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99285,83],{"class":82},[47,99287,87],{"class":86},[47,99289,5538],{"class":90},[47,99291,286],{"class":86},[20,99293,99294],{},[3922,99295,30206],{},[38,99297,99299],{"className":40,"code":99298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99300,99301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99302,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99304,9452],{"class":86},[47,99306,2509],{"class":445},[47,99308,309],{"class":86},[47,99310,7966],{"class":445},[47,99312,309],{"class":86},[47,99314,7971],{"class":445},[47,99316,9483],{"class":86},[469,99318,99320],{"id":99319},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,99322,99324],{"className":40,"code":99323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99325,99326,99344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99327,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99329,36265],{"class":53},[47,99331,58],{"class":57},[47,99333,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99335,87],{"class":86},[47,99337,102],{"class":61},[47,99339,386],{"class":65},[47,99341,102],{"class":61},[47,99343,286],{"class":86},[47,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99347,83],{"class":82},[47,99349,87],{"class":86},[47,99351,36318],{"class":90},[47,99353,286],{"class":86},[20,99355,99356],{},[3922,99357,30206],{},[38,99359,99361],{"className":40,"code":99360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99362,99363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99364,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99366,9452],{"class":86},[47,99368,3479],{"class":61},[47,99370,60608],{"class":65},[47,99372,3479],{"class":61},[47,99374,309],{"class":86},[47,99376,3474],{"class":61},[47,99378,60617],{"class":65},[47,99380,3479],{"class":61},[47,99382,309],{"class":86},[47,99384,3474],{"class":61},[47,99386,60626],{"class":65},[47,99388,3479],{"class":61},[47,99390,309],{"class":86},[47,99392,3474],{"class":61},[47,99394,60643],{"class":65},[47,99396,3479],{"class":61},[47,99398,9483],{"class":86},[20,99400,99401],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[149,99403,99405],{"id":99404},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99407,99408,99409,94],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99410,3977],{},[38,99412,99414],{"className":40,"code":99413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99415,99416,99426,99436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99417,99418,99420,99422,99424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99419,98458],{"class":53},[47,99421,58],{"class":57},[47,99423,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99425,8817],{"class":86},[47,99427,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99429,83],{"class":82},[47,99431,87],{"class":86},[47,99433,98477],{"class":90},[47,99435,286],{"class":86},[47,99437,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,99439,83],{"class":82},[47,99441,87],{"class":86},[47,99443,1872],{"class":1570},[47,99445,87],{"class":86},[47,99447,98477],{"class":90},[47,99449,1879],{"class":86},[20,99451,99452],{},[3922,99453,814],{},[38,99455,99457],{"className":40,"code":99456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99458,99459,99465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99460,99461,99463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99462,6467],{"class":1570},[47,99464,8817],{"class":86},[47,99466,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99468,3468],{"class":57},[47,99470,3471],{"class":2242},[47,99472,3474],{"class":61},[47,99474,6467],{"class":65},[47,99476,3479],{"class":61},[47,99478,3482],{"class":57},[469,99480,44601,99482],{"id":99481},"do-not-use",[15,99483,3972],{},[20,99485,99486,99487,99489],{},"Empty braces do ",[3922,99488,4813],{}," create a set.",[38,99491,99493],{"className":40,"code":99492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99494,99495,99503,99513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99496,99497,99499,99501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99498,98402],{"class":53},[47,99500,58],{"class":57},[47,99502,10012],{"class":86},[47,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99506,83],{"class":82},[47,99508,87],{"class":86},[47,99510,98419],{"class":90},[47,99512,286],{"class":86},[47,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,99516,83],{"class":82},[47,99518,87],{"class":86},[47,99520,1872],{"class":1570},[47,99522,87],{"class":86},[47,99524,98419],{"class":90},[47,99526,1879],{"class":86},[20,99528,99529],{},[3922,99530,814],{},[38,99532,99534],{"className":40,"code":99533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99535,99536,99540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99537,99538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99539,9608],{"class":86},[47,99541,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99543,3468],{"class":57},[47,99545,3471],{"class":2242},[47,99547,3474],{"class":61},[47,99549,8995],{"class":65},[47,99551,3479],{"class":61},[47,99553,3482],{"class":57},[20,99555,99556,8962],{},[15,99557,3972],{},[149,99559,72436],{"id":72435},[20,99561,99562],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99564,99565],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,99567,99569],{"className":40,"code":99568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99570,99571,99619,99629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99572,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99574,4251],{"class":53},[47,99576,58],{"class":57},[47,99578,10665],{"class":86},[47,99580,102],{"class":61},[47,99582,4260],{"class":65},[47,99584,102],{"class":61},[47,99586,309],{"class":86},[47,99588,62],{"class":61},[47,99590,491],{"class":65},[47,99592,102],{"class":61},[47,99594,309],{"class":86},[47,99596,62],{"class":61},[47,99598,4260],{"class":65},[47,99600,102],{"class":61},[47,99602,309],{"class":86},[47,99604,62],{"class":61},[47,99606,4260],{"class":65},[47,99608,102],{"class":61},[47,99610,309],{"class":86},[47,99612,62],{"class":61},[47,99614,33396],{"class":65},[47,99616,102],{"class":61},[47,99618,9483],{"class":86},[47,99620,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99622,83],{"class":82},[47,99624,87],{"class":86},[47,99626,4294],{"class":90},[47,99628,286],{"class":86},[47,99630,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,99632,83],{"class":82},[47,99634,87],{"class":86},[47,99636,11337],{"class":82},[47,99638,87],{"class":86},[47,99640,4294],{"class":90},[47,99642,1879],{"class":86},[20,99644,99645],{},[3922,99646,30206],{},[38,99648,99650],{"className":40,"code":99649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99651,99652,99680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99653,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99655,9452],{"class":86},[47,99657,3479],{"class":61},[47,99659,491],{"class":65},[47,99661,3479],{"class":61},[47,99663,309],{"class":86},[47,99665,3474],{"class":61},[47,99667,33396],{"class":65},[47,99669,3479],{"class":61},[47,99671,309],{"class":86},[47,99673,3474],{"class":61},[47,99675,4260],{"class":65},[47,99677,3479],{"class":61},[47,99679,9483],{"class":86},[47,99681,99682],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99683,46790],{"class":445},[20,99685,99686],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[149,99688,99690],{"id":99689},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99692,99693,99694,99696],{},"Set items must be ",[3922,99695,96539],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99698,99699],{},"These usually work:",[162,99701,99702,99704,99706,99708],{},[165,99703,56631],{},[165,99705,56634],{},[165,99707,96551],{},[165,99709,40770],{},[38,99711,99713],{"className":40,"code":99712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99714,99715,99749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99716,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99718,4003],{"class":53},[47,99720,58],{"class":57},[47,99722,10665],{"class":86},[47,99724,1598],{"class":445},[47,99726,309],{"class":86},[47,99728,62],{"class":61},[47,99730,4260],{"class":65},[47,99732,102],{"class":61},[47,99734,309],{"class":86},[47,99736,1067],{"class":86},[47,99738,2509],{"class":445},[47,99740,309],{"class":86},[47,99742,7966],{"class":445},[47,99744,9408],{"class":86},[47,99746,4096],{"class":4032},[47,99748,9483],{"class":86},[47,99750,99751,99753,99755,99757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99752,83],{"class":82},[47,99754,87],{"class":86},[47,99756,5538],{"class":90},[47,99758,286],{"class":86},[20,99760,99761,99762,99764],{},"These do ",[3922,99763,4813],{}," work directly:",[162,99766,99767,99769],{},[165,99768,97255],{},[165,99770,97258],{},[38,99772,99774],{"className":40,"code":99773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99775,99776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99777,99778,99781,99783,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99779,99780],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99782,58],{"class":57},[47,99784,99785],{"class":86}," {[",[47,99787,1598],{"class":445},[47,99789,309],{"class":86},[47,99791,1769],{"class":445},[47,99793,309],{"class":86},[47,99795,2630],{"class":445},[47,99797,13885],{"class":86},[20,99799,99800],{},"This raises an error:",[38,99802,99803],{"className":40,"code":97314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99804,99805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99806,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99808,3182],{"class":1570},[47,99810,3062],{"class":86},[47,99812,97325],{"class":53},[47,99814,1872],{"class":1570},[47,99816,3062],{"class":86},[47,99818,3474],{"class":61},[47,99820,8269],{"class":65},[47,99822,29876],{"class":61},[20,99824,52250],{},[38,99826,99828],{"className":40,"code":99827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99829,99830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99831,99832,99834,99836,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99833,99780],{"class":53},[47,99835,58],{"class":57},[47,99837,99838],{"class":86}," {{",[47,99840,102],{"class":61},[47,99842,214],{"class":65},[47,99844,102],{"class":61},[47,99846,3062],{"class":86},[47,99848,62],{"class":61},[47,99850,7852],{"class":65},[47,99852,102],{"class":61},[47,99854,99855],{"class":86},"}}\n",[20,99857,99858],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[149,99860,99862],{"id":99861},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[469,99864,99866],{"id":99865},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,99868,99870],{"className":40,"code":99869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99871,99872,99896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99873,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99875,3798],{"class":53},[47,99877,58],{"class":57},[47,99879,10665],{"class":86},[47,99881,1598],{"class":445},[47,99883,309],{"class":86},[47,99885,1769],{"class":445},[47,99887,309],{"class":86},[47,99889,2630],{"class":445},[47,99891,309],{"class":86},[47,99893,912],{"class":445},[47,99895,9483],{"class":86},[47,99897,99898,99900,99902,99904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99899,83],{"class":82},[47,99901,87],{"class":86},[47,99903,3830],{"class":90},[47,99905,286],{"class":86},[469,99907,99909],{"id":99908},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,99911,99913],{"className":40,"code":99912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99914,99915,99943,99958,99962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99916,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99918,7955],{"class":53},[47,99920,58],{"class":57},[47,99922,3803],{"class":86},[47,99924,1598],{"class":445},[47,99926,309],{"class":86},[47,99928,5677],{"class":445},[47,99930,309],{"class":86},[47,99932,1769],{"class":445},[47,99934,309],{"class":86},[47,99936,2630],{"class":445},[47,99938,309],{"class":86},[47,99940,2630],{"class":445},[47,99942,3816],{"class":86},[47,99944,99945,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99946,99947],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99949,58],{"class":57},[47,99951,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99953,87],{"class":86},[47,99955,7986],{"class":90},[47,99957,286],{"class":86},[47,99959,99960],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,99961,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,99963,99964,99966,99968,99971],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,99965,83],{"class":82},[47,99967,87],{"class":86},[47,99969,99970],{"class":90},"unique_items",[47,99972,286],{"class":86},[469,99974,99320],{"id":99975},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,99977,99979],{"className":40,"code":99978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99980,99981,99999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99982,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99984,36265],{"class":53},[47,99986,58],{"class":57},[47,99988,15813],{"class":1570},[47,99990,87],{"class":86},[47,99992,102],{"class":61},[47,99994,491],{"class":65},[47,99996,102],{"class":61},[47,99998,286],{"class":86},[47,100000,100001,100003,100005,100007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100002,83],{"class":82},[47,100004,87],{"class":86},[47,100006,36318],{"class":90},[47,100008,286],{"class":86},[469,100010,100012],{"id":100011},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,100014,100016],{"className":40,"code":100015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100017,100018,100028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100021,98458],{"class":53},[47,100023,58],{"class":57},[47,100025,15813],{"class":1570},[47,100027,8817],{"class":86},[47,100029,100030,100032,100034,100036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100031,83],{"class":82},[47,100033,87],{"class":86},[47,100035,98477],{"class":90},[47,100037,286],{"class":86},[149,100039,1425],{"id":1424},[20,100041,100042],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[469,100044,831,100046,100048],{"id":100045},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100047,3972],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100050,100051],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,100053,100055],{"className":40,"code":100054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100056,100057,100065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100058,100059,100061,100063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100060,1535],{"class":53},[47,100062,58],{"class":57},[47,100064,10012],{"class":86},[47,100066,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100068,83],{"class":82},[47,100070,87],{"class":86},[47,100072,1872],{"class":1570},[47,100074,87],{"class":86},[47,100076,1587],{"class":90},[47,100078,1879],{"class":86},[20,100080,100081],{},"This prints:",[38,100083,100084],{"className":40,"code":8982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100085,100086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100087,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100089,3468],{"class":57},[47,100091,3471],{"class":2242},[47,100093,3474],{"class":61},[47,100095,8995],{"class":65},[47,100097,3479],{"class":61},[47,100099,3482],{"class":57},[20,100101,144,100102,6808],{},[15,100103,3977],{},[469,100105,100107],{"id":100106},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100109,100110],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,100112,100114],{"className":40,"code":100113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100115,100116,100144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100117,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100119,3798],{"class":53},[47,100121,58],{"class":57},[47,100123,10665],{"class":86},[47,100125,1598],{"class":445},[47,100127,309],{"class":86},[47,100129,5677],{"class":445},[47,100131,309],{"class":86},[47,100133,1769],{"class":445},[47,100135,309],{"class":86},[47,100137,1769],{"class":445},[47,100139,309],{"class":86},[47,100141,2630],{"class":445},[47,100143,9483],{"class":86},[47,100145,100146,100148,100150,100152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100147,83],{"class":82},[47,100149,87],{"class":86},[47,100151,3830],{"class":90},[47,100153,286],{"class":86},[20,100155,100156],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[469,100158,100160],{"id":100159},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100162,100163],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100165,100166],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,100168,100170],{"className":40,"code":100169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100171,100172,100192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100173,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100175,3798],{"class":53},[47,100177,58],{"class":57},[47,100179,10665],{"class":86},[47,100181,2509],{"class":445},[47,100183,309],{"class":86},[47,100185,7966],{"class":445},[47,100187,309],{"class":86},[47,100189,7971],{"class":445},[47,100191,9483],{"class":86},[47,100193,100194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100195,100196],{"class":113},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100198,100199],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[469,100201,100203],{"id":100202},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100205,100206],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,100208,100210],{"className":40,"code":100209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100211,100212,100217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100213,100214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100215,100216],{"class":113},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,100218,100219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100220,100221],{"class":113},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100223,100224,100225,94],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100226,3182],{},[469,100228,100230],{"id":100229},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100232,100233],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,100235,100237],{"className":40,"code":100236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100238,100239,100259,100291,100295,100309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100240,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100242,15808],{"class":53},[47,100244,58],{"class":57},[47,100246,10665],{"class":86},[47,100248,1598],{"class":445},[47,100250,309],{"class":86},[47,100252,1769],{"class":445},[47,100254,309],{"class":86},[47,100256,2630],{"class":445},[47,100258,9483],{"class":86},[47,100260,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100262,11901],{"class":53},[47,100264,58],{"class":57},[47,100266,10665],{"class":86},[47,100268,102],{"class":61},[47,100270,455],{"class":65},[47,100272,102],{"class":61},[47,100274,3062],{"class":86},[47,100276,5677],{"class":445},[47,100278,309],{"class":86},[47,100280,62],{"class":61},[47,100282,2014],{"class":65},[47,100284,102],{"class":61},[47,100286,3062],{"class":86},[47,100288,1769],{"class":445},[47,100290,9483],{"class":86},[47,100292,100293],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,100294,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,100298,83],{"class":82},[47,100300,87],{"class":86},[47,100302,1872],{"class":1570},[47,100304,87],{"class":86},[47,100306,15846],{"class":90},[47,100308,1879],{"class":86},[47,100310,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,100312,83],{"class":82},[47,100314,87],{"class":86},[47,100316,1872],{"class":1570},[47,100318,87],{"class":86},[47,100320,11625],{"class":90},[47,100322,1879],{"class":86},[149,100324,92951],{"id":92950},[20,100326,100327],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,100329,100331],{"className":40,"code":100330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100332,100333,100359,100363,100377,100387,100401,100408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100334,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100336,15808],{"class":53},[47,100338,58],{"class":57},[47,100340,15813],{"class":1570},[47,100342,3163],{"class":86},[47,100344,1598],{"class":445},[47,100346,309],{"class":86},[47,100348,1769],{"class":445},[47,100350,309],{"class":86},[47,100352,1769],{"class":445},[47,100354,309],{"class":86},[47,100356,2630],{"class":445},[47,100358,4068],{"class":86},[47,100360,100361],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100362,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,100364,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,100366,83],{"class":82},[47,100368,87],{"class":86},[47,100370,1872],{"class":1570},[47,100372,87],{"class":86},[47,100374,15846],{"class":90},[47,100376,1879],{"class":86},[47,100378,100379,100381,100383,100385],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,100380,83],{"class":82},[47,100382,87],{"class":86},[47,100384,15846],{"class":90},[47,100386,286],{"class":86},[47,100388,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,100390,83],{"class":82},[47,100392,87],{"class":86},[47,100394,11337],{"class":82},[47,100396,87],{"class":86},[47,100398,15846],{"class":90},[47,100400,1879],{"class":86},[47,100402,100403,100405],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,100404,83],{"class":82},[47,100406,100407],{"class":86},"({})\n",[47,100409,100410,100412,100414,100416],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,100411,83],{"class":82},[47,100413,87],{"class":86},[47,100415,6467],{"class":1570},[47,100417,7370],{"class":86},[20,100419,100420],{},"Use these to confirm:",[162,100422,100423,100426,100429,100432],{},[165,100424,100425],{},"The object type",[165,100427,100428],{},"The actual values stored",[165,100430,100431],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[165,100433,100434,100435,837,100437],{},"The difference between ",[15,100436,3972],{},[15,100438,3977],{},[149,100440,1962],{"id":1961},[469,100442,100444],{"id":100443},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100446,100447,100448,100451,100452,100454],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100449,100450],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100453,3977],{}," with another iterable.",[469,100456,100458],{"id":100457},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100460,144,100461,100463,100464,100466],{},[15,100462,3977],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100465,3972],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[469,100468,100470],{"id":100469},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100472,100473],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[469,100475,100477],{"id":100476},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100479,100480],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[469,100482,100484],{"id":100483},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100486,100487],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[149,100489,2062],{"id":2061},[162,100491,100492,100496,100502,100508,100513],{},[165,100493,100494],{},[455,100495,96496],{"href":97667},[165,100497,100498],{},[455,100499,3755,100500,1168],{"href":98668},[15,100501,96376],{},[165,100503,100504],{},[455,100505,3755,100506,1168],{"href":98687},[15,100507,97482],{},[165,100509,100510],{},[455,100511,100512],{"href":99245},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[165,100514,100515],{},[455,100516,100517],{"href":98959},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100519,100520],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2093,100522,100523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":100525},[100526,100527,100528,100529,100532,100538,100542,100543,100544,100550,100558,100559,100566],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":98931,"depth":72,"text":98932},{"id":98963,"depth":72,"text":98964,"children":100530},[100531],{"id":99032,"depth":79,"text":99033},{"id":99136,"depth":72,"text":100533,"children":100534},"Create a set with set()",[100535,100536,100537],{"id":99161,"depth":79,"text":99162},{"id":99249,"depth":79,"text":99250},{"id":99319,"depth":79,"text":99320},{"id":99404,"depth":72,"text":99405,"children":100539},[100540],{"id":99481,"depth":79,"text":100541},"Do not use {}",{"id":72435,"depth":72,"text":72436},{"id":99689,"depth":72,"text":99690},{"id":99861,"depth":72,"text":99862,"children":100545},[100546,100547,100548,100549],{"id":99865,"depth":79,"text":99866},{"id":99908,"depth":79,"text":99909},{"id":99975,"depth":79,"text":99320},{"id":100011,"depth":79,"text":100012},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":100551},[100552,100554,100555,100556,100557],{"id":100045,"depth":79,"text":100553},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100106,"depth":79,"text":100107},{"id":100159,"depth":79,"text":100160},{"id":100202,"depth":79,"text":100203},{"id":100229,"depth":79,"text":100230},{"id":92950,"depth":72,"text":92951},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":100560},[100561,100562,100563,100564,100565],{"id":100443,"depth":79,"text":100444},{"id":100457,"depth":79,"text":100458},{"id":100469,"depth":79,"text":100470},{"id":100476,"depth":79,"text":100477},{"id":100483,"depth":79,"text":100484},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98734,"description":100567},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100573,"title":100574,"body":100575,"description":103006,"extension":2138,"meta":103007,"navigation":75,"path":103008,"seo":103009,"stem":103010,"__hash__":103011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100576,"toc":102971},[100577,100583,100589,100592,100594,100671,100673,100690,100700,100702,100707,100715,100717,100733,100737,100739,100741,100744,100765,100768,100792,100798,100800,100897,100899,100916,100926,100928,100930,100938,100940,100951,100953,101044,101046,101070,101081,101083,101085,101088,101218,101220,101293,101295,101316,101319,101321,101327,101332,101335,101462,101464,101481,101484,101486,101494,101497,101501,101509,101600,101602,101639,101644,101651,101728,101730,101746,101751,101756,101758,101767,101775,101856,101858,101887,101890,101894,101905,101908,101991,101993,102014,102020,102022,102024,102028,102032,102039,102104,102106,102126,102129,102198,102200,102216,102220,102226,102238,102246,102248,102333,102335,102364,102367,102371,102376,102378,102428,102431,102512,102514,102530,102534,102537,102612,102615,102619,102622,102699,102701,102734,102740,102744,102747,102882,102884,102898,102900,102902,102908,102911,102918,102926,102932,102935,102939,102942,102944,102946,102968],[10,100578,96368,100580,18],{"id":100579},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100581,100582],{},"difference()",[20,100584,100585,100588],{},[15,100586,100587],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100590,100591],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[149,100593,3788],{"id":3787},[38,100595,100597],{"className":40,"code":100596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100598,100599,100623,100643,100661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100602,2732],{"class":53},[47,100604,58],{"class":57},[47,100606,10665],{"class":86},[47,100608,1598],{"class":445},[47,100610,309],{"class":86},[47,100612,1769],{"class":445},[47,100614,309],{"class":86},[47,100616,2630],{"class":445},[47,100618,309],{"class":86},[47,100620,912],{"class":445},[47,100622,9483],{"class":86},[47,100624,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100626,2760],{"class":53},[47,100628,58],{"class":57},[47,100630,10665],{"class":86},[47,100632,2239],{"class":445},[47,100634,309],{"class":86},[47,100636,912],{"class":445},[47,100638,309],{"class":86},[47,100640,4787],{"class":445},[47,100642,9483],{"class":86},[47,100644,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,100646,2407],{"class":53},[47,100648,58],{"class":57},[47,100650,57057],{"class":53},[47,100652,94],{"class":86},[47,100654,2990],{"class":90},[47,100656,87],{"class":86},[47,100658,2014],{"class":90},[47,100660,286],{"class":86},[47,100662,100663,100665,100667,100669],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,100664,83],{"class":82},[47,100666,87],{"class":86},[47,100668,2442],{"class":90},[47,100670,286],{"class":86},[20,100672,814],{},[38,100674,100676],{"className":40,"code":100675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100677,100678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100679,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100681,9452],{"class":86},[47,100683,1598],{"class":445},[47,100685,309],{"class":86},[47,100687,1769],{"class":445},[47,100689,9483],{"class":86},[20,100691,100692,100694,100695,100697,100698,94],{},[15,100693,100582],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100696,455],{}," that are not in ",[15,100699,2014],{},[45089,100701],{},[149,100703,152,100705,155],{"id":100704},"what-difference-does",[15,100706,100582],{},[20,100708,842,100709,100711,100712,100714],{},[15,100710,100582],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3922,100713,4813],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100716,13230],{},[162,100718,100719,100724,100727,100730],{},[165,100720,100721,100723],{},[15,100722,100582],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[165,100725,100726],{},"It creates a new set",[165,100728,100729],{},"It does not change the original set",[165,100731,100732],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100734,96492,100735,94],{},[455,100736,96496],{"href":97667},[45089,100738],{},[149,100740,261],{"id":260},[20,100742,100743],{},"Use this form:",[38,100745,100747],{"className":40,"code":100746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100748,100749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100750,100751,100754,100756,100758,100760,100763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100752,100753],{"class":53},"set1",[47,100755,94],{"class":86},[47,100757,2990],{"class":90},[47,100759,87],{"class":86},[47,100761,100762],{"class":90},"set2",[47,100764,286],{"class":86},[20,100766,100767],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,100769,100771],{"className":40,"code":100770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100772,100773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100774,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100776,100753],{"class":53},[47,100778,94],{"class":86},[47,100780,2990],{"class":90},[47,100782,87],{"class":86},[47,100784,100762],{"class":90},[47,100786,309],{"class":86},[47,100788,100789],{"class":90}," set3",[47,100791,286],{"class":86},[20,100793,100794,100795,100797],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3922,100796,5533],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100799,183],{},[38,100801,100803],{"className":40,"code":100802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100804,100805,100833,100849,100861,100865,100887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100806,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100808,2732],{"class":53},[47,100810,58],{"class":57},[47,100812,10665],{"class":86},[47,100814,1598],{"class":445},[47,100816,309],{"class":86},[47,100818,1769],{"class":445},[47,100820,309],{"class":86},[47,100822,2630],{"class":445},[47,100824,309],{"class":86},[47,100826,912],{"class":445},[47,100828,309],{"class":86},[47,100830,4787],{"class":445},[47,100832,9483],{"class":86},[47,100834,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100836,2760],{"class":53},[47,100838,58],{"class":57},[47,100840,10665],{"class":86},[47,100842,2233],{"class":445},[47,100844,309],{"class":86},[47,100846,2630],{"class":445},[47,100848,9483],{"class":86},[47,100850,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,100852,83351],{"class":53},[47,100854,58],{"class":57},[47,100856,10665],{"class":86},[47,100858,2313],{"class":445},[47,100860,9483],{"class":86},[47,100862,100863],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,100864,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,100866,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,100868,2407],{"class":53},[47,100870,58],{"class":57},[47,100872,57057],{"class":53},[47,100874,94],{"class":86},[47,100876,2990],{"class":90},[47,100878,87],{"class":86},[47,100880,2014],{"class":90},[47,100882,309],{"class":86},[47,100884,9855],{"class":90},[47,100886,286],{"class":86},[47,100888,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,100890,83],{"class":82},[47,100892,87],{"class":86},[47,100894,2442],{"class":90},[47,100896,286],{"class":86},[20,100898,814],{},[38,100900,100902],{"className":40,"code":100901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100903,100904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100905,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100907,9452],{"class":86},[47,100909,1598],{"class":445},[47,100911,309],{"class":86},[47,100913,912],{"class":445},[47,100915,9483],{"class":86},[20,100917,100918,100919,100921,100922,32,100924,94],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100920,455],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100923,2014],{},[15,100925,9913],{},[45089,100927],{},[149,100929,700],{"id":699},[20,100931,100932,100934,100935,94],{},[15,100933,100582],{}," always returns a ",[3922,100936,100937],{},"new set",[20,100939,43824],{},[162,100941,100942,100945,100948],{},[165,100943,100944],{},"The return value is a new set",[165,100946,100947],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[165,100949,100950],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100952,183],{},[38,100954,100956],{"className":40,"code":100955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100957,100958,100974,100994,100998,101016,101020,101030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100959,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100961,2732],{"class":53},[47,100963,58],{"class":57},[47,100965,10665],{"class":86},[47,100967,1598],{"class":445},[47,100969,309],{"class":86},[47,100971,1769],{"class":445},[47,100973,9483],{"class":86},[47,100975,100976,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100977,2760],{"class":53},[47,100979,58],{"class":57},[47,100981,10665],{"class":86},[47,100983,1598],{"class":445},[47,100985,309],{"class":86},[47,100987,1769],{"class":445},[47,100989,309],{"class":86},[47,100991,2630],{"class":445},[47,100993,9483],{"class":86},[47,100995,100996],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,100997,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,100999,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101001,2407],{"class":53},[47,101003,58],{"class":57},[47,101005,57057],{"class":53},[47,101007,94],{"class":86},[47,101009,2990],{"class":90},[47,101011,87],{"class":86},[47,101013,2014],{"class":90},[47,101015,286],{"class":86},[47,101017,101018],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101019,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101021,101022,101024,101026,101028],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,101023,83],{"class":82},[47,101025,87],{"class":86},[47,101027,2442],{"class":90},[47,101029,286],{"class":86},[47,101031,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,101033,83],{"class":82},[47,101035,87],{"class":86},[47,101037,1872],{"class":1570},[47,101039,87],{"class":86},[47,101041,2442],{"class":90},[47,101043,1879],{"class":86},[20,101045,814],{},[38,101047,101048],{"className":40,"code":99456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101049,101050,101056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101051,101052,101054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101053,6467],{"class":1570},[47,101055,8817],{"class":86},[47,101057,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101059,3468],{"class":57},[47,101061,3471],{"class":2242},[47,101063,3474],{"class":61},[47,101065,6467],{"class":65},[47,101067,3479],{"class":61},[47,101069,3482],{"class":57},[20,101071,101072,101073,19142,101075,101077,101078,101080],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101074,3977],{},[15,101076,3972],{},". In Python, ",[15,101079,3972],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45089,101082],{},[149,101084,11651],{"id":11650},[20,101086,101087],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,101089,101091],{"className":40,"code":101090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101092,101093,101126,101159,101163,101183,101187,101197,101208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101094,101095,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101096,101097],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,101099,58],{"class":57},[47,101101,10665],{"class":86},[47,101103,102],{"class":61},[47,101105,4260],{"class":65},[47,101107,102],{"class":61},[47,101109,309],{"class":86},[47,101111,62],{"class":61},[47,101113,491],{"class":65},[47,101115,102],{"class":61},[47,101117,309],{"class":86},[47,101119,62],{"class":61},[47,101121,33396],{"class":65},[47,101123,102],{"class":61},[47,101125,9483],{"class":86},[47,101127,101128,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101129,101130],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,101132,58],{"class":57},[47,101134,10665],{"class":86},[47,101136,102],{"class":61},[47,101138,491],{"class":65},[47,101140,102],{"class":61},[47,101142,309],{"class":86},[47,101144,62],{"class":61},[47,101146,33396],{"class":65},[47,101148,102],{"class":61},[47,101150,309],{"class":86},[47,101152,62],{"class":61},[47,101154,22710],{"class":65},[47,101156,102],{"class":61},[47,101158,9483],{"class":86},[47,101160,101161],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101162,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101164,101165,101167,101169,101172,101174,101176,101178,101181],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101166,2407],{"class":53},[47,101168,58],{"class":57},[47,101170,101171],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,101173,94],{"class":86},[47,101175,2990],{"class":90},[47,101177,87],{"class":86},[47,101179,101180],{"class":90},"fruits_b",[47,101182,286],{"class":86},[47,101184,101185],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101186,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,101190,83],{"class":82},[47,101192,87],{"class":86},[47,101194,2442],{"class":90},[47,101196,286],{"class":86},[47,101198,101199,101201,101203,101206],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,101200,83],{"class":82},[47,101202,87],{"class":86},[47,101204,101205],{"class":90},"fruits_a",[47,101207,286],{"class":86},[47,101209,101210,101212,101214,101216],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,101211,83],{"class":82},[47,101213,87],{"class":86},[47,101215,101180],{"class":90},[47,101217,286],{"class":86},[20,101219,30206],{},[38,101221,101223],{"className":40,"code":101222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101224,101225,101237,101265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101226,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101228,9452],{"class":86},[47,101230,3479],{"class":61},[47,101232,4260],{"class":65},[47,101234,3479],{"class":61},[47,101236,9483],{"class":86},[47,101238,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101240,9452],{"class":86},[47,101242,3479],{"class":61},[47,101244,491],{"class":65},[47,101246,3479],{"class":61},[47,101248,309],{"class":86},[47,101250,3474],{"class":61},[47,101252,33396],{"class":65},[47,101254,3479],{"class":61},[47,101256,309],{"class":86},[47,101258,3474],{"class":61},[47,101260,4260],{"class":65},[47,101262,3479],{"class":61},[47,101264,9483],{"class":86},[47,101266,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101268,9452],{"class":86},[47,101270,3479],{"class":61},[47,101272,491],{"class":65},[47,101274,3479],{"class":61},[47,101276,309],{"class":86},[47,101278,3474],{"class":61},[47,101280,33396],{"class":65},[47,101282,3479],{"class":61},[47,101284,309],{"class":86},[47,101286,3474],{"class":61},[47,101288,22710],{"class":65},[47,101290,3479],{"class":61},[47,101292,9483],{"class":86},[20,101294,11860],{},[162,101296,101297,101302,101307,101313],{},[165,101298,101299,101300],{},"Start with ",[15,101301,101205],{},[165,101303,101304,101305],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101306,101180],{},[165,101308,101309,101310,101312],{},"Only ",[15,101311,58003],{}," remains",[165,101314,101315],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101317,101318],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45089,101320],{},[149,101322,831,101324,101326],{"id":101323},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101325,100582],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101328,101329,101330,94],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101331,100582],{},[20,101333,101334],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,101336,101338],{"className":40,"code":101337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101339,101340,101372,101389,101402,101419,101423,101452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101343,3798],{"class":53},[47,101345,58],{"class":57},[47,101347,10665],{"class":86},[47,101349,1598],{"class":445},[47,101351,309],{"class":86},[47,101353,1769],{"class":445},[47,101355,309],{"class":86},[47,101357,2630],{"class":445},[47,101359,309],{"class":86},[47,101361,912],{"class":445},[47,101363,309],{"class":86},[47,101365,4787],{"class":445},[47,101367,309],{"class":86},[47,101369,446],{"class":445},[47,101371,9483],{"class":86},[47,101373,101374,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101375,101376],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101378,58],{"class":57},[47,101380,10665],{"class":86},[47,101382,2233],{"class":445},[47,101384,309],{"class":86},[47,101386,912],{"class":445},[47,101388,9483],{"class":86},[47,101390,101391,101394,101396,101398,101400],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101392,101393],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101395,58],{"class":57},[47,101397,10665],{"class":86},[47,101399,2313],{"class":445},[47,101401,9483],{"class":86},[47,101403,101404,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101405,101406],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101408,58],{"class":57},[47,101410,10665],{"class":86},[47,101412,80759],{"class":445},[47,101414,309],{"class":86},[47,101416,6173],{"class":445},[47,101418,9483],{"class":86},[47,101420,101421],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101422,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101440,101442,101445,101447,101450],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,101426,2407],{"class":53},[47,101428,58],{"class":57},[47,101430,4444],{"class":53},[47,101432,94],{"class":86},[47,101434,2990],{"class":90},[47,101436,87],{"class":86},[47,101438,101439],{"class":90},"group_a",[47,101441,309],{"class":86},[47,101443,101444],{"class":90}," group_b",[47,101446,309],{"class":86},[47,101448,101449],{"class":90}," group_c",[47,101451,286],{"class":86},[47,101453,101454,101456,101458,101460],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,101455,83],{"class":82},[47,101457,87],{"class":86},[47,101459,2442],{"class":90},[47,101461,286],{"class":86},[20,101463,814],{},[38,101465,101467],{"className":40,"code":101466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101468,101469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101470,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101472,9452],{"class":86},[47,101474,1598],{"class":445},[47,101476,309],{"class":86},[47,101478,2630],{"class":445},[47,101480,9483],{"class":86},[20,101482,101483],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45089,101485],{},[149,101487,101489,10760,101491],{"id":101488},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101490,100582],{},[15,101492,101493],{},"difference_update()",[20,101495,101496],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[469,101498,101499],{"id":2990},[15,101500,100582],{},[162,101502,101503,101506],{},[165,101504,101505],{},"Returns a new set",[165,101507,101508],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,101510,101512],{"className":40,"code":101511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101513,101514,101538,101554,101558,101576,101580,101590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101517,2732],{"class":53},[47,101519,58],{"class":57},[47,101521,10665],{"class":86},[47,101523,1598],{"class":445},[47,101525,309],{"class":86},[47,101527,1769],{"class":445},[47,101529,309],{"class":86},[47,101531,2630],{"class":445},[47,101533,309],{"class":86},[47,101535,912],{"class":445},[47,101537,9483],{"class":86},[47,101539,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101541,2760],{"class":53},[47,101543,58],{"class":57},[47,101545,10665],{"class":86},[47,101547,2239],{"class":445},[47,101549,309],{"class":86},[47,101551,912],{"class":445},[47,101553,9483],{"class":86},[47,101555,101556],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101557,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101561,2407],{"class":53},[47,101563,58],{"class":57},[47,101565,57057],{"class":53},[47,101567,94],{"class":86},[47,101569,2990],{"class":90},[47,101571,87],{"class":86},[47,101573,2014],{"class":90},[47,101575,286],{"class":86},[47,101577,101578],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101579,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101581,101582,101584,101586,101588],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,101583,83],{"class":82},[47,101585,87],{"class":86},[47,101587,2442],{"class":90},[47,101589,286],{"class":86},[47,101591,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,101593,83],{"class":82},[47,101595,87],{"class":86},[47,101597,455],{"class":90},[47,101599,286],{"class":86},[20,101601,814],{},[38,101603,101605],{"className":40,"code":101604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101606,101607,101619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101608,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101610,9452],{"class":86},[47,101612,1598],{"class":445},[47,101614,309],{"class":86},[47,101616,1769],{"class":445},[47,101618,9483],{"class":86},[47,101620,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101622,9452],{"class":86},[47,101624,1598],{"class":445},[47,101626,309],{"class":86},[47,101628,1769],{"class":445},[47,101630,309],{"class":86},[47,101632,2630],{"class":445},[47,101634,309],{"class":86},[47,101636,912],{"class":445},[47,101638,9483],{"class":86},[469,101640,101642],{"id":101641},"difference_update",[15,101643,101493],{},[162,101645,101646,101649],{},[165,101647,101648],{},"Changes the original set",[165,101650,96486],{},[38,101652,101654],{"className":40,"code":101653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101655,101656,101680,101696,101700,101714,101718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101659,2732],{"class":53},[47,101661,58],{"class":57},[47,101663,10665],{"class":86},[47,101665,1598],{"class":445},[47,101667,309],{"class":86},[47,101669,1769],{"class":445},[47,101671,309],{"class":86},[47,101673,2630],{"class":445},[47,101675,309],{"class":86},[47,101677,912],{"class":445},[47,101679,9483],{"class":86},[47,101681,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101683,2760],{"class":53},[47,101685,58],{"class":57},[47,101687,10665],{"class":86},[47,101689,2239],{"class":445},[47,101691,309],{"class":86},[47,101693,912],{"class":445},[47,101695,9483],{"class":86},[47,101697,101698],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101699,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101701,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101703,455],{"class":53},[47,101705,94],{"class":86},[47,101707,101641],{"class":90},[47,101709,87],{"class":86},[47,101711,2014],{"class":90},[47,101713,286],{"class":86},[47,101715,101716],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101717,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,101721,83],{"class":82},[47,101723,87],{"class":86},[47,101725,455],{"class":90},[47,101727,286],{"class":86},[20,101729,814],{},[38,101731,101732],{"className":40,"code":100675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101733,101734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101735,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101737,9452],{"class":86},[47,101739,1598],{"class":445},[47,101741,309],{"class":86},[47,101743,1769],{"class":445},[47,101745,9483],{"class":86},[20,101747,144,101748,101750],{},[15,101749,100582],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101752,101753,101754,33776],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101755,101493],{},[45089,101757],{},[149,101759,101761,101763,101764,101766],{"id":101760},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101762,100582],{}," vs the ",[15,101765,2198],{}," operator",[20,101768,842,101769,101771,101772,101774],{},[15,101770,2198],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101773,100582],{}," for two sets.",[38,101776,101778],{"className":40,"code":101777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101779,101780,101804,101820,101824,101842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101783,2732],{"class":53},[47,101785,58],{"class":57},[47,101787,10665],{"class":86},[47,101789,1598],{"class":445},[47,101791,309],{"class":86},[47,101793,1769],{"class":445},[47,101795,309],{"class":86},[47,101797,2630],{"class":445},[47,101799,309],{"class":86},[47,101801,912],{"class":445},[47,101803,9483],{"class":86},[47,101805,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101807,2760],{"class":53},[47,101809,58],{"class":57},[47,101811,10665],{"class":86},[47,101813,2239],{"class":445},[47,101815,309],{"class":86},[47,101817,912],{"class":445},[47,101819,9483],{"class":86},[47,101821,101822],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101823,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101825,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101827,83],{"class":82},[47,101829,87],{"class":86},[47,101831,455],{"class":90},[47,101833,94],{"class":86},[47,101835,2990],{"class":90},[47,101837,87],{"class":86},[47,101839,2014],{"class":90},[47,101841,1879],{"class":86},[47,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101845,83],{"class":82},[47,101847,87],{"class":86},[47,101849,2732],{"class":90},[47,101851,2198],{"class":57},[47,101853,2737],{"class":90},[47,101855,286],{"class":86},[20,101857,814],{},[38,101859,101861],{"className":40,"code":101860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101862,101863,101875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101866,9452],{"class":86},[47,101868,1598],{"class":445},[47,101870,309],{"class":86},[47,101872,1769],{"class":445},[47,101874,9483],{"class":86},[47,101876,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101878,9452],{"class":86},[47,101880,1598],{"class":445},[47,101882,309],{"class":86},[47,101884,1769],{"class":445},[47,101886,9483],{"class":86},[20,101888,101889],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101891,94756,101892,2037],{},[15,101893,100582],{},[162,101895,101896,101899,101902],{},[165,101897,101898],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[165,101900,101901],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[165,101903,101904],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101906,101907],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,101909,101911],{"className":40,"code":101910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101912,101913,101941,101953,101965,101969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101914,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101916,2732],{"class":53},[47,101918,58],{"class":57},[47,101920,10665],{"class":86},[47,101922,1598],{"class":445},[47,101924,309],{"class":86},[47,101926,1769],{"class":445},[47,101928,309],{"class":86},[47,101930,2630],{"class":445},[47,101932,309],{"class":86},[47,101934,912],{"class":445},[47,101936,309],{"class":86},[47,101938,4787],{"class":445},[47,101940,9483],{"class":86},[47,101942,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101944,2760],{"class":53},[47,101946,58],{"class":57},[47,101948,10665],{"class":86},[47,101950,2233],{"class":445},[47,101952,9483],{"class":86},[47,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,101956,83351],{"class":53},[47,101958,58],{"class":57},[47,101960,10665],{"class":86},[47,101962,2682],{"class":445},[47,101964,9483],{"class":86},[47,101966,101967],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,101968,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,101972,83],{"class":82},[47,101974,87],{"class":86},[47,101976,455],{"class":90},[47,101978,94],{"class":86},[47,101980,2990],{"class":90},[47,101982,87],{"class":86},[47,101984,2014],{"class":90},[47,101986,309],{"class":86},[47,101988,9855],{"class":90},[47,101990,1879],{"class":86},[20,101992,814],{},[38,101994,101996],{"className":40,"code":101995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101997,101998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102001,9452],{"class":86},[47,102003,1598],{"class":445},[47,102005,309],{"class":86},[47,102007,2630],{"class":445},[47,102009,309],{"class":86},[47,102011,4787],{"class":445},[47,102013,9483],{"class":86},[20,102015,102016,102017,102019],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102018,2198],{}," operator expression.",[45089,102021],{},[149,102023,4700],{"id":4699},[20,102025,21388,102026,94],{},[15,102027,100582],{},[469,102029,102031],{"id":102030},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102033,4810,102034,102036,102037,3062],{},[3922,102035,4813],{}," change ",[15,102038,455],{},[38,102040,102042],{"className":40,"code":102041,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102043,102044,102064,102076,102080,102094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102045,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102047,2732],{"class":53},[47,102049,58],{"class":57},[47,102051,10665],{"class":86},[47,102053,1598],{"class":445},[47,102055,309],{"class":86},[47,102057,1769],{"class":445},[47,102059,309],{"class":86},[47,102061,2630],{"class":445},[47,102063,9483],{"class":86},[47,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102067,2760],{"class":53},[47,102069,58],{"class":57},[47,102071,10665],{"class":86},[47,102073,2239],{"class":445},[47,102075,9483],{"class":86},[47,102077,102078],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102079,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102083,455],{"class":53},[47,102085,94],{"class":86},[47,102087,2990],{"class":90},[47,102089,87],{"class":86},[47,102091,2014],{"class":90},[47,102093,286],{"class":86},[47,102095,102096,102098,102100,102102],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102097,83],{"class":82},[47,102099,87],{"class":86},[47,102101,455],{"class":90},[47,102103,286],{"class":86},[20,102105,814],{},[38,102107,102108],{"className":40,"code":96775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102109,102110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102111,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102113,9452],{"class":86},[47,102115,1598],{"class":445},[47,102117,309],{"class":86},[47,102119,1769],{"class":445},[47,102121,309],{"class":86},[47,102123,2630],{"class":445},[47,102125,9483],{"class":86},[20,102127,102128],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,102130,102132],{"className":40,"code":102131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102133,102134,102154,102166,102170,102188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102135,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102137,2732],{"class":53},[47,102139,58],{"class":57},[47,102141,10665],{"class":86},[47,102143,1598],{"class":445},[47,102145,309],{"class":86},[47,102147,1769],{"class":445},[47,102149,309],{"class":86},[47,102151,2630],{"class":445},[47,102153,9483],{"class":86},[47,102155,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102157,2760],{"class":53},[47,102159,58],{"class":57},[47,102161,10665],{"class":86},[47,102163,2239],{"class":445},[47,102165,9483],{"class":86},[47,102167,102168],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102169,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102171,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102173,2732],{"class":53},[47,102175,58],{"class":57},[47,102177,57057],{"class":53},[47,102179,94],{"class":86},[47,102181,2990],{"class":90},[47,102183,87],{"class":86},[47,102185,2014],{"class":90},[47,102187,286],{"class":86},[47,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102191,83],{"class":82},[47,102193,87],{"class":86},[47,102195,455],{"class":90},[47,102197,286],{"class":86},[20,102199,814],{},[38,102201,102202],{"className":40,"code":100675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102203,102204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102205,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102207,9452],{"class":86},[47,102209,1598],{"class":445},[47,102211,309],{"class":86},[47,102213,1769],{"class":445},[47,102215,9483],{"class":86},[469,102217,102219],{"id":102218},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102221,102222,102225],{},[15,102223,102224],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[162,102227,102228,102233],{},[165,102229,102230,102231],{},"keep items from ",[15,102232,455],{},[165,102234,102235,102236],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102237,2014],{},[20,102239,41080,102240,102242,102243,102245],{},[3922,102241,4813],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102244,2014],{},"”.",[20,102247,183],{},[38,102249,102251],{"className":40,"code":102250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102252,102253,102273,102293,102297,102315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102254,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102256,2732],{"class":53},[47,102258,58],{"class":57},[47,102260,10665],{"class":86},[47,102262,1598],{"class":445},[47,102264,309],{"class":86},[47,102266,1769],{"class":445},[47,102268,309],{"class":86},[47,102270,2630],{"class":445},[47,102272,9483],{"class":86},[47,102274,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102276,2760],{"class":53},[47,102278,58],{"class":57},[47,102280,10665],{"class":86},[47,102282,2239],{"class":445},[47,102284,309],{"class":86},[47,102286,912],{"class":445},[47,102288,309],{"class":86},[47,102290,4787],{"class":445},[47,102292,9483],{"class":86},[47,102294,102295],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102296,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102300,83],{"class":82},[47,102302,87],{"class":86},[47,102304,455],{"class":90},[47,102306,94],{"class":86},[47,102308,2990],{"class":90},[47,102310,87],{"class":86},[47,102312,2014],{"class":90},[47,102314,1879],{"class":86},[47,102316,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102318,83],{"class":82},[47,102320,87],{"class":86},[47,102322,2014],{"class":90},[47,102324,94],{"class":86},[47,102326,2990],{"class":90},[47,102328,87],{"class":86},[47,102330,455],{"class":90},[47,102332,1879],{"class":86},[20,102334,814],{},[38,102336,102338],{"className":40,"code":102337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102339,102340,102352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102341,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102343,9452],{"class":86},[47,102345,1598],{"class":445},[47,102347,309],{"class":86},[47,102349,1769],{"class":445},[47,102351,9483],{"class":86},[47,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102355,9452],{"class":86},[47,102357,2682],{"class":445},[47,102359,309],{"class":86},[47,102361,4787],{"class":445},[47,102363,9483],{"class":86},[20,102365,102366],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[469,102368,102370],{"id":102369},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102372,102373,102375],{},[15,102374,100582],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102377,55488],{},[38,102379,102381],{"className":40,"code":102380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102382,102383,102403,102419,102423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102384,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102386,2732],{"class":53},[47,102388,58],{"class":57},[47,102390,3803],{"class":86},[47,102392,1598],{"class":445},[47,102394,309],{"class":86},[47,102396,1769],{"class":445},[47,102398,309],{"class":86},[47,102400,2630],{"class":445},[47,102402,3816],{"class":86},[47,102404,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102406,2760],{"class":53},[47,102408,58],{"class":57},[47,102410,3803],{"class":86},[47,102412,2239],{"class":445},[47,102414,309],{"class":86},[47,102416,912],{"class":445},[47,102418,3816],{"class":86},[47,102420,102421],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102422,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102424,102425],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102426,102427],{"class":113},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102429,102430],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,102432,102434],{"className":40,"code":102433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102435,102436,102456,102472,102476,102502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102439,2732],{"class":53},[47,102441,58],{"class":57},[47,102443,3803],{"class":86},[47,102445,1598],{"class":445},[47,102447,309],{"class":86},[47,102449,1769],{"class":445},[47,102451,309],{"class":86},[47,102453,2630],{"class":445},[47,102455,3816],{"class":86},[47,102457,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102459,2760],{"class":53},[47,102461,58],{"class":57},[47,102463,3803],{"class":86},[47,102465,2239],{"class":445},[47,102467,309],{"class":86},[47,102469,912],{"class":445},[47,102471,3816],{"class":86},[47,102473,102474],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102475,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102477,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102479,2407],{"class":53},[47,102481,58],{"class":57},[47,102483,15813],{"class":1570},[47,102485,87],{"class":86},[47,102487,455],{"class":90},[47,102489,8807],{"class":86},[47,102491,2990],{"class":90},[47,102493,87],{"class":86},[47,102495,6467],{"class":1570},[47,102497,87],{"class":86},[47,102499,2014],{"class":90},[47,102501,1879],{"class":86},[47,102503,102504,102506,102508,102510],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102505,83],{"class":82},[47,102507,87],{"class":86},[47,102509,2442],{"class":90},[47,102511,286],{"class":86},[20,102513,814],{},[38,102515,102516],{"className":40,"code":100675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102517,102518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102519,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102521,9452],{"class":86},[47,102523,1598],{"class":445},[47,102525,309],{"class":86},[47,102527,1769],{"class":445},[47,102529,9483],{"class":86},[469,102531,102533],{"id":102532},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102535,102536],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,102538,102540],{"className":40,"code":102539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102541,102542,102574,102590,102594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102543,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102545,2732],{"class":53},[47,102547,58],{"class":57},[47,102549,10665],{"class":86},[47,102551,102],{"class":61},[47,102553,37223],{"class":65},[47,102555,102],{"class":61},[47,102557,309],{"class":86},[47,102559,62],{"class":61},[47,102561,58297],{"class":65},[47,102563,102],{"class":61},[47,102565,309],{"class":86},[47,102567,62],{"class":61},[47,102569,58314],{"class":65},[47,102571,102],{"class":61},[47,102573,9483],{"class":86},[47,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102577,2760],{"class":53},[47,102579,58],{"class":57},[47,102581,10665],{"class":86},[47,102583,102],{"class":61},[47,102585,58297],{"class":65},[47,102587,102],{"class":61},[47,102589,9483],{"class":86},[47,102591,102592],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102593,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102595,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102597,83],{"class":82},[47,102599,87],{"class":86},[47,102601,455],{"class":90},[47,102603,94],{"class":86},[47,102605,2990],{"class":90},[47,102607,87],{"class":86},[47,102609,2014],{"class":90},[47,102611,1879],{"class":86},[20,102613,102614],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[469,102616,102618],{"id":102617},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102620,102621],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,102623,102625],{"className":40,"code":102624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102626,102627,102655,102667,102671,102681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102628,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102630,2732],{"class":53},[47,102632,58],{"class":57},[47,102634,10665],{"class":86},[47,102636,1598],{"class":445},[47,102638,309],{"class":86},[47,102640,5677],{"class":445},[47,102642,309],{"class":86},[47,102644,1769],{"class":445},[47,102646,309],{"class":86},[47,102648,1769],{"class":445},[47,102650,309],{"class":86},[47,102652,2630],{"class":445},[47,102654,9483],{"class":86},[47,102656,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102658,2760],{"class":53},[47,102660,58],{"class":57},[47,102662,10665],{"class":86},[47,102664,2239],{"class":445},[47,102666,9483],{"class":86},[47,102668,102669],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102670,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102672,102673,102675,102677,102679],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102674,83],{"class":82},[47,102676,87],{"class":86},[47,102678,455],{"class":90},[47,102680,286],{"class":86},[47,102682,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102684,83],{"class":82},[47,102686,87],{"class":86},[47,102688,455],{"class":90},[47,102690,94],{"class":86},[47,102692,2990],{"class":90},[47,102694,87],{"class":86},[47,102696,2014],{"class":90},[47,102698,1879],{"class":86},[20,102700,814],{},[38,102702,102704],{"className":40,"code":102703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102705,102706,102722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102707,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102709,9452],{"class":86},[47,102711,1598],{"class":445},[47,102713,309],{"class":86},[47,102715,1769],{"class":445},[47,102717,309],{"class":86},[47,102719,2630],{"class":445},[47,102721,9483],{"class":86},[47,102723,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102725,9452],{"class":86},[47,102727,1598],{"class":445},[47,102729,309],{"class":86},[47,102731,1769],{"class":445},[47,102733,9483],{"class":86},[20,102735,102736,102737,102739],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102738,100582],{}," runs.",[469,102741,102743],{"id":102742},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102745,102746],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,102748,102750],{"className":40,"code":102749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102751,102752,102776,102796,102800,102810,102820,102838,102860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102755,2732],{"class":53},[47,102757,58],{"class":57},[47,102759,10665],{"class":86},[47,102761,1598],{"class":445},[47,102763,309],{"class":86},[47,102765,1769],{"class":445},[47,102767,309],{"class":86},[47,102769,2630],{"class":445},[47,102771,309],{"class":86},[47,102773,912],{"class":445},[47,102775,9483],{"class":86},[47,102777,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102779,2760],{"class":53},[47,102781,58],{"class":57},[47,102783,10665],{"class":86},[47,102785,2239],{"class":445},[47,102787,309],{"class":86},[47,102789,912],{"class":445},[47,102791,309],{"class":86},[47,102793,4787],{"class":445},[47,102795,9483],{"class":86},[47,102797,102798],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,102799,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,102801,102802,102804,102806,102808],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,102803,83],{"class":82},[47,102805,87],{"class":86},[47,102807,455],{"class":90},[47,102809,286],{"class":86},[47,102811,102812,102814,102816,102818],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,102813,83],{"class":82},[47,102815,87],{"class":86},[47,102817,2014],{"class":90},[47,102819,286],{"class":86},[47,102821,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,102823,83],{"class":82},[47,102825,87],{"class":86},[47,102827,455],{"class":90},[47,102829,94],{"class":86},[47,102831,2990],{"class":90},[47,102833,87],{"class":86},[47,102835,2014],{"class":90},[47,102837,1879],{"class":86},[47,102839,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,102841,83],{"class":82},[47,102843,87],{"class":86},[47,102845,1872],{"class":1570},[47,102847,87],{"class":86},[47,102849,455],{"class":90},[47,102851,94],{"class":86},[47,102853,2990],{"class":90},[47,102855,87],{"class":86},[47,102857,2014],{"class":90},[47,102859,1958],{"class":86},[47,102861,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,102863,83],{"class":82},[47,102865,87],{"class":86},[47,102867,11337],{"class":82},[47,102869,87],{"class":86},[47,102871,455],{"class":90},[47,102873,94],{"class":86},[47,102875,2990],{"class":90},[47,102877,87],{"class":86},[47,102879,2014],{"class":90},[47,102881,1958],{"class":86},[20,102883,11346],{},[162,102885,102886,102889,102892,102895],{},[165,102887,102888],{},"what is in each set",[165,102890,102891],{},"what result Python creates",[165,102893,102894],{},"that the result is a set",[165,102896,102897],{},"how many items remain",[45089,102899],{},[149,102901,1962],{"id":1961},[469,102903,1966,102905,102907],{"id":102904},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102906,100582],{}," change the original set?",[20,102909,102910],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[469,102912,2032,102914,837,102916,2037],{"id":102913},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102915,100582],{},[15,102917,101493],{},[20,102919,102920,102922,102923,102925],{},[15,102921,100582],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102924,101493],{}," modifies the original set.",[469,102927,2049,102929,102931],{"id":102928},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102930,100582],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102933,102934],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[469,102936,102938],{"id":102937},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102940,102941],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45089,102943],{},[149,102945,2062],{"id":2061},[162,102947,102948,102952,102960],{},[165,102949,102950],{},[455,102951,96496],{"href":97667},[165,102953,102954],{},[455,102955,96982,102957,1168],{"href":102956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102958,102959],{},"intersection()",[165,102961,102962],{},[455,102963,96982,102965,1168],{"href":102964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102966,102967],{},"union()",[2093,102969,102970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":102972},[102973,102974,102976,102977,102978,102979,102981,102986,102988,102996,103005],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":100704,"depth":72,"text":102975},"What difference() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":101323,"depth":72,"text":102980},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101488,"depth":72,"text":102982,"children":102983},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102984,102985],{"id":2990,"depth":79,"text":100582},{"id":101641,"depth":79,"text":101493},{"id":101760,"depth":72,"text":102987},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":102989},[102990,102991,102992,102993,102994,102995],{"id":102030,"depth":79,"text":102031},{"id":102218,"depth":79,"text":102219},{"id":102369,"depth":79,"text":102370},{"id":102532,"depth":79,"text":102533},{"id":102617,"depth":79,"text":102618},{"id":102742,"depth":79,"text":102743},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":102997},[102998,103000,103002,103004],{"id":102904,"depth":79,"text":102999},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102913,"depth":79,"text":103001},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102928,"depth":79,"text":103003},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102937,"depth":79,"text":102938},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100574,"description":103006},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103013,"title":103014,"body":103015,"description":104710,"extension":2138,"meta":104711,"navigation":75,"path":104712,"seo":104713,"stem":104714,"__hash__":104715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103016,"toc":104672},[103017,103023,103029,103042,103044,103145,103147,103192,103197,103202,103206,103220,103223,103231,103233,103252,103270,103274,103327,103329,103350,103357,103362,103389,103396,103495,103497,103534,103542,103546,103552,103555,103628,103630,103638,103643,103712,103714,103739,103741,103744,103847,103849,103910,103913,103917,103923,103996,103998,104031,104034,104037,104077,104083,104106,104111,104115,104126,104129,104131,104135,104141,104143,104200,104210,104212,104265,104272,104277,104345,104353,104359,104363,104365,104404,104409,104458,104462,104465,104467,104506,104509,104511,104516,104573,104575,104589,104591,104595,104601,104606,104611,104618,104629,104635,104640,104642,104669],[10,103018,96368,103020,18],{"id":103019},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103021,103022],{},"discard()",[20,103024,103025,103028],{},[15,103026,103027],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103030,103031,103032,2366,103037,14233,103039,103041],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[455,103033,103034],{"href":98377},[15,103035,103036],{},"set.remove()",[15,103038,103022],{},[3922,103040,4813],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[149,103043,2179],{"id":2178},[38,103045,103047],{"className":40,"code":103046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103048,103049,103081,103100,103110,103114,103135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103050,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103052,13254],{"class":53},[47,103054,58],{"class":57},[47,103056,10665],{"class":86},[47,103058,102],{"class":61},[47,103060,13271],{"class":65},[47,103062,102],{"class":61},[47,103064,309],{"class":86},[47,103066,62],{"class":61},[47,103068,13288],{"class":65},[47,103070,102],{"class":61},[47,103072,309],{"class":86},[47,103074,62],{"class":61},[47,103076,17633],{"class":65},[47,103078,102],{"class":61},[47,103080,9483],{"class":86},[47,103082,103083,103085,103087,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103084,17680],{"class":53},[47,103086,94],{"class":86},[47,103088,103089],{"class":90},"discard",[47,103091,87],{"class":86},[47,103093,102],{"class":61},[47,103095,13288],{"class":65},[47,103097,102],{"class":61},[47,103099,286],{"class":86},[47,103101,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103103,83],{"class":82},[47,103105,87],{"class":86},[47,103107,17680],{"class":90},[47,103109,286],{"class":86},[47,103111,103112],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103113,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103115,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,103117,17680],{"class":53},[47,103119,94],{"class":86},[47,103121,103089],{"class":90},[47,103123,87],{"class":86},[47,103125,102],{"class":61},[47,103127,22701],{"class":65},[47,103129,102],{"class":61},[47,103131,1696],{"class":86},[47,103133,103134],{"class":113},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,103136,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,103138,83],{"class":82},[47,103140,87],{"class":86},[47,103142,17680],{"class":90},[47,103144,286],{"class":86},[20,103146,30206],{},[38,103148,103150],{"className":40,"code":103149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103151,103152,103172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103153,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103155,9452],{"class":86},[47,103157,3479],{"class":61},[47,103159,13271],{"class":65},[47,103161,3479],{"class":61},[47,103163,309],{"class":86},[47,103165,3474],{"class":61},[47,103167,17633],{"class":65},[47,103169,3479],{"class":61},[47,103171,9483],{"class":86},[47,103173,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103175,9452],{"class":86},[47,103177,3479],{"class":61},[47,103179,13271],{"class":65},[47,103181,3479],{"class":61},[47,103183,309],{"class":86},[47,103185,3474],{"class":61},[47,103187,17633],{"class":65},[47,103189,3479],{"class":61},[47,103191,9483],{"class":86},[20,103193,144,103194,103196],{},[15,103195,103022],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[149,103198,152,103200,155],{"id":103199},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103201,103027],{},[20,103203,103204,3062],{},[15,103205,103022],{},[162,103207,103208,103211,103214,103216],{},[165,103209,103210],{},"Removes one item from a set",[165,103212,103213],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[165,103215,96483],{},[165,103217,11599,103218],{},[15,103219,3958],{},[20,103221,103222],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103224,96492,103225,32,103228,94],{},[455,103226,103227],{"href":98959},"what a set is in Python",[455,103229,103230],{"href":98051},"how to create a set",[149,103232,261],{"id":260},[38,103234,103236],{"className":40,"code":103235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103237,103238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103239,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103241,15846],{"class":53},[47,103243,94],{"class":86},[47,103245,103089],{"class":90},[47,103247,87],{"class":86},[47,103249,1587],{"class":90},[47,103251,286],{"class":86},[162,103253,103254,103259,103264,103267],{},[165,103255,103256,103258],{},[15,103257,15846],{}," is the set you want to change",[165,103260,103261,103263],{},[15,103262,1587],{}," is the item you want to remove",[165,103265,103266],{},"The set must already exist",[165,103268,103269],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[469,103271,103273],{"id":103272},"example","Example",[38,103275,103277],{"className":40,"code":103276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103278,103279,103303,103317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103280,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103282,3798],{"class":53},[47,103284,58],{"class":57},[47,103286,10665],{"class":86},[47,103288,1598],{"class":445},[47,103290,309],{"class":86},[47,103292,1769],{"class":445},[47,103294,309],{"class":86},[47,103296,2630],{"class":445},[47,103298,309],{"class":86},[47,103300,912],{"class":445},[47,103302,9483],{"class":86},[47,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103306,3830],{"class":53},[47,103308,94],{"class":86},[47,103310,103089],{"class":90},[47,103312,87],{"class":86},[47,103314,2239],{"class":445},[47,103316,286],{"class":86},[47,103318,103319,103321,103323,103325],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103320,83],{"class":82},[47,103322,87],{"class":86},[47,103324,3830],{"class":90},[47,103326,286],{"class":86},[20,103328,814],{},[38,103330,103332],{"className":40,"code":103331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103333,103334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103335,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103337,9452],{"class":86},[47,103339,1598],{"class":445},[47,103341,309],{"class":86},[47,103343,1769],{"class":445},[47,103345,309],{"class":86},[47,103347,912],{"class":445},[47,103349,9483],{"class":86},[149,103351,103353,103354,103356],{"id":103352},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103355,103022],{}," different",[20,103358,103359,103361],{},[15,103360,103022],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[162,103363,103364,103377,103386],{},[165,103365,103366,103367,2366,103371,103373,103374,103376],{},"Unlike ",[455,103368,103369],{"href":98377},[15,103370,55698],{},[15,103372,103022],{}," does not raise ",[15,103375,19866],{}," when the item is missing",[165,103378,103366,103379,2366,103383,103385],{},[455,103380,103381],{"href":98382},[15,103382,12940],{},[15,103384,103022],{}," removes a specific item",[165,103387,103388],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[469,103390,103392,10760,103394],{"id":103391},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103393,103022],{},[15,103395,55698],{},[38,103397,103399],{"className":40,"code":103398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103400,103401,103425,103429,103450,103460,103464,103485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103402,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103404,7955],{"class":53},[47,103406,58],{"class":57},[47,103408,10665],{"class":86},[47,103410,102],{"class":61},[47,103412,4260],{"class":65},[47,103414,102],{"class":61},[47,103416,309],{"class":86},[47,103418,62],{"class":61},[47,103420,491],{"class":65},[47,103422,102],{"class":61},[47,103424,9483],{"class":86},[47,103426,103427],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103428,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103430,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103432,7986],{"class":53},[47,103434,94],{"class":86},[47,103436,103089],{"class":90},[47,103438,87],{"class":86},[47,103440,102],{"class":61},[47,103442,33396],{"class":65},[47,103444,102],{"class":61},[47,103446,1696],{"class":86},[47,103448,103449],{"class":113},"   # no error\n",[47,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103453,83],{"class":82},[47,103455,87],{"class":86},[47,103457,7986],{"class":90},[47,103459,286],{"class":86},[47,103461,103462],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,103463,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103465,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,103467,7986],{"class":53},[47,103469,94],{"class":86},[47,103471,34969],{"class":90},[47,103473,87],{"class":86},[47,103475,102],{"class":61},[47,103477,491],{"class":65},[47,103479,102],{"class":61},[47,103481,1696],{"class":86},[47,103483,103484],{"class":113},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103486,103487,103489,103491,103493],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,103488,83],{"class":82},[47,103490,87],{"class":86},[47,103492,7986],{"class":90},[47,103494,286],{"class":86},[20,103496,814],{},[38,103498,103500],{"className":40,"code":103499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103501,103502,103522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103503,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103505,9452],{"class":86},[47,103507,3479],{"class":61},[47,103509,4260],{"class":65},[47,103511,3479],{"class":61},[47,103513,309],{"class":86},[47,103515,3474],{"class":61},[47,103517,491],{"class":65},[47,103519,3479],{"class":61},[47,103521,9483],{"class":86},[47,103523,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103525,9452],{"class":86},[47,103527,3479],{"class":61},[47,103529,4260],{"class":65},[47,103531,3479],{"class":61},[47,103533,9483],{"class":86},[20,103535,40518,103536,103538,103539,103541],{},[15,103537,55698],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[455,103540,11250],{"href":11249}," for more help with that case.",[149,103543,103545],{"id":103544},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103547,103548,2576,103550,94],{},[15,103549,103022],{},[15,103551,3958],{},[20,103553,103554],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,103556,103558],{"className":40,"code":103557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103559,103560,103592,103614,103618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103561,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103563,13254],{"class":53},[47,103565,58],{"class":57},[47,103567,10665],{"class":86},[47,103569,102],{"class":61},[47,103571,13271],{"class":65},[47,103573,102],{"class":61},[47,103575,309],{"class":86},[47,103577,62],{"class":61},[47,103579,13288],{"class":65},[47,103581,102],{"class":61},[47,103583,309],{"class":86},[47,103585,62],{"class":61},[47,103587,17633],{"class":65},[47,103589,102],{"class":61},[47,103591,9483],{"class":86},[47,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103595,2407],{"class":53},[47,103597,58],{"class":57},[47,103599,13302],{"class":53},[47,103601,94],{"class":86},[47,103603,103089],{"class":90},[47,103605,87],{"class":86},[47,103607,102],{"class":61},[47,103609,13288],{"class":65},[47,103611,102],{"class":61},[47,103613,286],{"class":86},[47,103615,103616],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103617,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103619,103620,103622,103624,103626],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103621,83],{"class":82},[47,103623,87],{"class":86},[47,103625,2442],{"class":90},[47,103627,286],{"class":86},[20,103629,814],{},[38,103631,103632],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,103633,103634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103635,103636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103637,11985],{"class":4032},[20,103639,103640,103641,3062],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103642,17680],{},[38,103644,103646],{"className":40,"code":103645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103647,103648,103680,103698,103702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103651,13254],{"class":53},[47,103653,58],{"class":57},[47,103655,10665],{"class":86},[47,103657,102],{"class":61},[47,103659,13271],{"class":65},[47,103661,102],{"class":61},[47,103663,309],{"class":86},[47,103665,62],{"class":61},[47,103667,13288],{"class":65},[47,103669,102],{"class":61},[47,103671,309],{"class":86},[47,103673,62],{"class":61},[47,103675,17633],{"class":65},[47,103677,102],{"class":61},[47,103679,9483],{"class":86},[47,103681,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103683,17680],{"class":53},[47,103685,94],{"class":86},[47,103687,103089],{"class":90},[47,103689,87],{"class":86},[47,103691,102],{"class":61},[47,103693,13288],{"class":65},[47,103695,102],{"class":61},[47,103697,286],{"class":86},[47,103699,103700],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103701,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103705,83],{"class":82},[47,103707,87],{"class":86},[47,103709,17680],{"class":90},[47,103711,286],{"class":86},[20,103713,814],{},[38,103715,103717],{"className":40,"code":103716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103718,103719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103720,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103722,9452],{"class":86},[47,103724,3479],{"class":61},[47,103726,13271],{"class":65},[47,103728,3479],{"class":61},[47,103730,309],{"class":86},[47,103732,3474],{"class":61},[47,103734,17633],{"class":65},[47,103736,3479],{"class":61},[47,103738,9483],{"class":86},[149,103740,11651],{"id":11650},[20,103742,103743],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,103745,103747],{"className":40,"code":103746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103748,103749,103781,103785,103803,103807,103825,103829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103752,36414],{"class":53},[47,103754,58],{"class":57},[47,103756,10665],{"class":86},[47,103758,102],{"class":61},[47,103760,4260],{"class":65},[47,103762,102],{"class":61},[47,103764,309],{"class":86},[47,103766,62],{"class":61},[47,103768,491],{"class":65},[47,103770,102],{"class":61},[47,103772,309],{"class":86},[47,103774,62],{"class":61},[47,103776,33396],{"class":65},[47,103778,102],{"class":61},[47,103780,9483],{"class":86},[47,103782,103783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103784,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103786,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103788,83],{"class":82},[47,103790,87],{"class":86},[47,103792,102],{"class":61},[47,103794,11740],{"class":65},[47,103796,102],{"class":61},[47,103798,309],{"class":86},[47,103800,53021],{"class":90},[47,103802,286],{"class":86},[47,103804,103805],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103806,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103808,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,103810,36466],{"class":53},[47,103812,94],{"class":86},[47,103814,103089],{"class":90},[47,103816,87],{"class":86},[47,103818,102],{"class":61},[47,103820,491],{"class":65},[47,103822,102],{"class":61},[47,103824,286],{"class":86},[47,103826,103827],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,103828,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103830,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,103832,83],{"class":82},[47,103834,87],{"class":86},[47,103836,102],{"class":61},[47,103838,11780],{"class":65},[47,103840,102],{"class":61},[47,103842,309],{"class":86},[47,103844,53021],{"class":90},[47,103846,286],{"class":86},[20,103848,814],{},[38,103850,103852],{"className":40,"code":103851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103853,103854,103886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103855,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103857,11800],{"class":53},[47,103859,3062],{"class":86},[47,103861,10665],{"class":86},[47,103863,3479],{"class":61},[47,103865,491],{"class":65},[47,103867,3479],{"class":61},[47,103869,309],{"class":86},[47,103871,3474],{"class":61},[47,103873,4260],{"class":65},[47,103875,3479],{"class":61},[47,103877,309],{"class":86},[47,103879,3474],{"class":61},[47,103881,33396],{"class":65},[47,103883,3479],{"class":61},[47,103885,9483],{"class":86},[47,103887,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103889,11853],{"class":53},[47,103891,3062],{"class":86},[47,103893,10665],{"class":86},[47,103895,3479],{"class":61},[47,103897,4260],{"class":65},[47,103899,3479],{"class":61},[47,103901,309],{"class":86},[47,103903,3474],{"class":61},[47,103905,33396],{"class":65},[47,103907,3479],{"class":61},[47,103909,9483],{"class":86},[20,103911,103912],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[149,103914,103916],{"id":103915},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103918,103919,103920,103922],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103921,103022],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,103924,103926],{"className":40,"code":103925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103927,103928,103960,103964,103982,103986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103929,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103931,36414],{"class":53},[47,103933,58],{"class":57},[47,103935,10665],{"class":86},[47,103937,102],{"class":61},[47,103939,4260],{"class":65},[47,103941,102],{"class":61},[47,103943,309],{"class":86},[47,103945,62],{"class":61},[47,103947,491],{"class":65},[47,103949,102],{"class":61},[47,103951,309],{"class":86},[47,103953,62],{"class":61},[47,103955,33396],{"class":65},[47,103957,102],{"class":61},[47,103959,9483],{"class":86},[47,103961,103962],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103963,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,103967,36466],{"class":53},[47,103969,94],{"class":86},[47,103971,103089],{"class":90},[47,103973,87],{"class":86},[47,103975,102],{"class":61},[47,103977,22710],{"class":65},[47,103979,102],{"class":61},[47,103981,286],{"class":86},[47,103983,103984],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,103985,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,103987,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,103989,83],{"class":82},[47,103991,87],{"class":86},[47,103993,36466],{"class":90},[47,103995,286],{"class":86},[20,103997,814],{},[38,103999,104001],{"className":40,"code":104000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104002,104003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104004,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104006,9452],{"class":86},[47,104008,3479],{"class":61},[47,104010,491],{"class":65},[47,104012,3479],{"class":61},[47,104014,309],{"class":86},[47,104016,3474],{"class":61},[47,104018,4260],{"class":65},[47,104020,3479],{"class":61},[47,104022,309],{"class":86},[47,104024,3474],{"class":61},[47,104026,33396],{"class":65},[47,104028,3479],{"class":61},[47,104030,9483],{"class":86},[20,104032,104033],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104035,104036],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,104038,104040],{"className":40,"code":104039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104041,104042,104058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104043,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104045,723],{"class":752},[47,104047,62],{"class":61},[47,104049,22710],{"class":65},[47,104051,102],{"class":61},[47,104053,1690],{"class":57},[47,104055,53021],{"class":53},[47,104057,795],{"class":86},[47,104059,104060,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104061,104062],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,104064,94],{"class":86},[47,104066,34969],{"class":90},[47,104068,87],{"class":86},[47,104070,102],{"class":61},[47,104072,22710],{"class":65},[47,104074,102],{"class":61},[47,104076,286],{"class":86},[20,104078,104079,104080,104082],{},"With ",[15,104081,103022],{},", you can simply write:",[38,104084,104086],{"className":40,"code":104085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104087,104088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104089,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104091,36466],{"class":53},[47,104093,94],{"class":86},[47,104095,103089],{"class":90},[47,104097,87],{"class":86},[47,104099,102],{"class":61},[47,104101,22710],{"class":65},[47,104103,102],{"class":61},[47,104105,286],{"class":86},[149,104107,1321,104109],{"id":104108},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104110,103022],{},[20,104112,144,104113,10776],{},[15,104114,103022],{},[162,104116,104117,104120,104123],{},[165,104118,104119],{},"Missing values are normal",[165,104121,104122],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[165,104124,104125],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104127,104128],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[149,104130,1425],{"id":1424},[20,104132,8622,104133,94],{},[15,104134,103022],{},[469,104136,8628,104138,104140],{"id":104137},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104139,103022],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104142,4707],{},[38,104144,104146],{"className":40,"code":104145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104147,104148,104168,104186,104190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104149,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104151,3798],{"class":53},[47,104153,58],{"class":57},[47,104155,10665],{"class":86},[47,104157,1598],{"class":445},[47,104159,309],{"class":86},[47,104161,1769],{"class":445},[47,104163,309],{"class":86},[47,104165,2630],{"class":445},[47,104167,9483],{"class":86},[47,104169,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104171,3798],{"class":53},[47,104173,58],{"class":57},[47,104175,4444],{"class":53},[47,104177,94],{"class":86},[47,104179,103089],{"class":90},[47,104181,87],{"class":86},[47,104183,2233],{"class":445},[47,104185,286],{"class":86},[47,104187,104188],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104189,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,104193,83],{"class":82},[47,104195,87],{"class":86},[47,104197,3830],{"class":90},[47,104199,286],{"class":86},[20,104201,104202,42330,104204,8777,104206,2576,104208,94],{},[15,104203,3830],{},[15,104205,3958],{},[15,104207,103022],{},[15,104209,3958],{},[20,104211,19019],{},[38,104213,104215],{"className":40,"code":104214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104216,104217,104237,104251,104255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104218,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104220,3798],{"class":53},[47,104222,58],{"class":57},[47,104224,10665],{"class":86},[47,104226,1598],{"class":445},[47,104228,309],{"class":86},[47,104230,1769],{"class":445},[47,104232,309],{"class":86},[47,104234,2630],{"class":445},[47,104236,9483],{"class":86},[47,104238,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104240,3830],{"class":53},[47,104242,94],{"class":86},[47,104244,103089],{"class":90},[47,104246,87],{"class":86},[47,104248,2233],{"class":445},[47,104250,286],{"class":86},[47,104252,104253],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104254,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,104256,104257,104259,104261,104263],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,104258,83],{"class":82},[47,104260,87],{"class":86},[47,104262,3830],{"class":90},[47,104264,286],{"class":86},[469,104266,1608,104268,834,104270],{"id":104267},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104269,103022],{},[15,104271,55698],{},[20,104273,104274,104275,94],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104276,103022],{},[38,104278,104280],{"className":40,"code":104279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104281,104282,104314,104335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104283,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104285,36265],{"class":53},[47,104287,58],{"class":57},[47,104289,10665],{"class":86},[47,104291,102],{"class":61},[47,104293,455],{"class":65},[47,104295,102],{"class":61},[47,104297,309],{"class":86},[47,104299,62],{"class":61},[47,104301,2014],{"class":65},[47,104303,102],{"class":61},[47,104305,309],{"class":86},[47,104307,62],{"class":61},[47,104309,9913],{"class":65},[47,104311,102],{"class":61},[47,104313,9483],{"class":86},[47,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104317,36318],{"class":53},[47,104319,94],{"class":86},[47,104321,103089],{"class":90},[47,104323,87],{"class":86},[47,104325,102],{"class":61},[47,104327,22254],{"class":65},[47,104329,102],{"class":61},[47,104331,1696],{"class":86},[47,104333,104334],{"class":113},"   # safe\n",[47,104336,104337,104339,104341,104343],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104338,83],{"class":82},[47,104340,87],{"class":86},[47,104342,36318],{"class":90},[47,104344,286],{"class":86},[20,104346,104347,104348,46081,104351,94],{},"If you use ",[15,104349,104350],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104352,19866],{},[469,104354,25794,104356,104358],{"id":104355},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104357,103022],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104360,104361,102375],{},[15,104362,103022],{},[20,104364,1783],{},[38,104366,104368],{"className":40,"code":104367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104369,104370,104390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104373,7955],{"class":53},[47,104375,58],{"class":57},[47,104377,3803],{"class":86},[47,104379,1598],{"class":445},[47,104381,309],{"class":86},[47,104383,1769],{"class":445},[47,104385,309],{"class":86},[47,104387,2630],{"class":445},[47,104389,3816],{"class":86},[47,104391,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104393,7986],{"class":53},[47,104395,94],{"class":86},[47,104397,103089],{"class":90},[47,104399,87],{"class":86},[47,104401,2233],{"class":445},[47,104403,286],{"class":86},[20,104405,104406,104407,3062],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104408,103022],{},[38,104410,104412],{"className":40,"code":104411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104413,104414,104434,104448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104417,7955],{"class":53},[47,104419,58],{"class":57},[47,104421,10665],{"class":86},[47,104423,1598],{"class":445},[47,104425,309],{"class":86},[47,104427,1769],{"class":445},[47,104429,309],{"class":86},[47,104431,2630],{"class":445},[47,104433,9483],{"class":86},[47,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104437,7986],{"class":53},[47,104439,94],{"class":86},[47,104441,103089],{"class":90},[47,104443,87],{"class":86},[47,104445,2233],{"class":445},[47,104447,286],{"class":86},[47,104449,104450,104452,104454,104456],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104451,83],{"class":82},[47,104453,87],{"class":86},[47,104455,7986],{"class":90},[47,104457,286],{"class":86},[469,104459,104461],{"id":104460},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104463,104464],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104466,3014],{},[38,104468,104470],{"className":40,"code":104469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104471,104472,104492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104473,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104475,9340],{"class":53},[47,104477,58],{"class":57},[47,104479,10665],{"class":86},[47,104481,1598],{"class":445},[47,104483,309],{"class":86},[47,104485,1769],{"class":445},[47,104487,309],{"class":86},[47,104489,2630],{"class":445},[47,104491,9483],{"class":86},[47,104493,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104495,9379],{"class":53},[47,104497,94],{"class":86},[47,104499,103089],{"class":90},[47,104501,3163],{"class":86},[47,104503,2233],{"class":445},[47,104505,4068],{"class":86},[20,104507,104508],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[149,104510,9046],{"id":9045},[20,104512,9049,104513,104515],{},[15,104514,103022],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,104517,104519],{"className":40,"code":104518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104520,104521,104531,104545,104559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104522,104523,104525,104527,104529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104524,83],{"class":82},[47,104526,87],{"class":86},[47,104528,15846],{"class":90},[47,104530,286],{"class":86},[47,104532,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104534,83],{"class":82},[47,104536,87],{"class":86},[47,104538,1872],{"class":1570},[47,104540,87],{"class":86},[47,104542,15846],{"class":90},[47,104544,1879],{"class":86},[47,104546,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104548,83],{"class":82},[47,104550,87],{"class":86},[47,104552,1535],{"class":90},[47,104554,1613],{"class":752},[47,104556,97092],{"class":90},[47,104558,286],{"class":86},[47,104560,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,104562,32327],{"class":82},[47,104564,87],{"class":86},[47,104566,6467],{"class":1570},[47,104568,94],{"class":86},[47,104570,103089],{"class":24927},[47,104572,286],{"class":86},[20,104574,11346],{},[162,104576,104577,104580,104583,104586],{},[165,104578,104579],{},"What is currently in the set",[165,104581,104582],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[165,104584,104585],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[165,104587,104588],{},"How Python documents the method",[149,104590,1962],{"id":1961},[469,104592,104594],{"id":104593},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104596,104597,104598,104600],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104599,103022],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[469,104602,5323,104604,12893],{"id":104603},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104605,103027],{},[20,104607,170,104608,104610],{},[15,104609,3958],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[469,104612,2032,104614,837,104616,2037],{"id":104613},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104615,103022],{},[15,104617,55698],{},[20,104619,104620,104621,26716,104623,104625,104626,104628],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104622,55698],{},[15,104624,19866],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104627,103022],{}," does not.",[469,104630,2049,104632,104634],{"id":104631},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104633,103022],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104636,46538,104637,104639],{},[15,104638,103022],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[149,104641,2062],{"id":2061},[162,104643,104644,104650,104656,104661,104665],{},[165,104645,104646],{},[455,104647,96982,104648,1168],{"href":98377},[15,104649,55698],{},[165,104651,104652],{},[455,104653,96982,104654,1168],{"href":98382},[15,104655,12940],{},[165,104657,104658],{},[455,104659,104660],{"href":98051},"Python set: creating a set",[165,104662,104663],{},[455,104664,100517],{"href":98959},[165,104666,104667],{},[455,104668,11438],{"href":11249},[2093,104670,104671],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":104673},[104674,104675,104677,104680,104685,104686,104687,104688,104690,104699,104700,104709],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":103199,"depth":72,"text":104676},"What set.discard() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":104678},[104679],{"id":103272,"depth":79,"text":103273},{"id":103352,"depth":72,"text":104681,"children":104682},"What makes discard() different",[104683],{"id":103391,"depth":79,"text":104684},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103544,"depth":72,"text":103545},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":103915,"depth":72,"text":103916},{"id":104108,"depth":72,"text":104689},"When to use discard()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":104691},[104692,104694,104696,104698],{"id":104137,"depth":79,"text":104693},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104267,"depth":79,"text":104695},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104355,"depth":79,"text":104697},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104460,"depth":79,"text":104461},{"id":9045,"depth":72,"text":9046},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":104701},[104702,104703,104705,104707],{"id":104593,"depth":79,"text":104594},{"id":104603,"depth":79,"text":104704},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104613,"depth":79,"text":104706},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104631,"depth":79,"text":104708},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103014,"description":104710},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104717,"title":104718,"body":104719,"description":106725,"extension":2138,"meta":106726,"navigation":75,"path":106727,"seo":106728,"stem":106729,"__hash__":106730},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104720,"toc":106683},[104721,104724,104732,104737,104748,104750,104805,104809,104829,104834,104838,104843,104845,104859,104861,104936,104938,104971,104976,104981,104983,104985,105000,105003,105011,105016,105031,105033,105122,105124,105213,105219,105223,105225,105263,105265,105289,105292,105307,105309,105364,105366,105399,105401,105406,105410,105414,105419,105484,105486,105506,105512,105516,105573,105575,105596,105600,105605,105650,105652,105685,105688,105692,105725,105727,105756,105760,105764,105767,105769,105788,105790,105836,105841,105855,105857,105888,105893,105896,105940,105942,105970,105974,105978,105994,105997,106062,106064,106076,106079,106083,106086,106091,106119,106121,106139,106145,106184,106186,106204,106210,106239,106241,106259,106262,106279,106281,106286,106290,106293,106319,106326,106331,106346,106355,106359,106362,106393,106399,106402,106411,106414,106416,106418,106476,106479,106504,106506,106510,106513,106517,106525,106529,106532,106536,106539,106541,106564,106566,106607,106614,106622,106625,106656,106658,106680],[10,104722,104718],{"id":104723},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104725,9297,104726,104728,104729,94],{},[15,104727,3977],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3922,104730,104731],{},"unique values only",[20,104733,35581,104734,104736],{},[15,104735,3977],{}," to:",[162,104738,104739,104742,104745],{},[165,104740,104741],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[165,104743,104744],{},"check whether a value exists",[165,104746,104747],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[149,104749,2179],{"id":2178},[38,104751,104753],{"className":40,"code":104752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104754,104755,104779,104794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104756,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104758,3798],{"class":53},[47,104760,58],{"class":57},[47,104762,3803],{"class":86},[47,104764,1598],{"class":445},[47,104766,309],{"class":86},[47,104768,1769],{"class":445},[47,104770,309],{"class":86},[47,104772,1769],{"class":445},[47,104774,309],{"class":86},[47,104776,2630],{"class":445},[47,104778,3816],{"class":86},[47,104780,104781,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104782,104783],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104785,58],{"class":57},[47,104787,15813],{"class":1570},[47,104789,87],{"class":86},[47,104791,3830],{"class":90},[47,104793,286],{"class":86},[47,104795,104796,104798,104800,104803],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104797,83],{"class":82},[47,104799,87],{"class":86},[47,104801,104802],{"class":90},"unique_numbers",[47,104804,286],{"class":86},[20,104806,104807],{},[3922,104808,814],{},[38,104810,104811],{"className":40,"code":96775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104812,104813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104814,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104816,9452],{"class":86},[47,104818,1598],{"class":445},[47,104820,309],{"class":86},[47,104822,1769],{"class":445},[47,104824,309],{"class":86},[47,104826,2630],{"class":445},[47,104828,9483],{"class":86},[20,104830,144,104831,104833],{},[15,104832,3977],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[149,104835,104837],{"id":104836},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104839,104840,104842],{},[15,104841,3977],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104844,30717],{},[162,104846,104847,104850,104853,104856],{},[165,104848,104849],{},"A set stores unique items only",[165,104851,104852],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[165,104854,104855],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[165,104857,104858],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104860,183],{},[38,104862,104864],{"className":40,"code":104863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104865,104866,104906,104921,104925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104867,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104869,13254],{"class":53},[47,104871,58],{"class":57},[47,104873,3803],{"class":86},[47,104875,102],{"class":61},[47,104877,13271],{"class":65},[47,104879,102],{"class":61},[47,104881,309],{"class":86},[47,104883,62],{"class":61},[47,104885,13288],{"class":65},[47,104887,102],{"class":61},[47,104889,309],{"class":86},[47,104891,62],{"class":61},[47,104893,13271],{"class":65},[47,104895,102],{"class":61},[47,104897,309],{"class":86},[47,104899,62],{"class":61},[47,104901,17633],{"class":65},[47,104903,102],{"class":61},[47,104905,3816],{"class":86},[47,104907,104908,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104909,104910],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104912,58],{"class":57},[47,104914,15813],{"class":1570},[47,104916,87],{"class":86},[47,104918,17680],{"class":90},[47,104920,286],{"class":86},[47,104922,104923],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,104924,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,104926,104927,104929,104931,104934],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,104928,83],{"class":82},[47,104930,87],{"class":86},[47,104932,104933],{"class":90},"unique_colors",[47,104935,286],{"class":86},[20,104937,30206],{},[38,104939,104941],{"className":40,"code":104940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104942,104943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104946,9452],{"class":86},[47,104948,3479],{"class":61},[47,104950,13288],{"class":65},[47,104952,3479],{"class":61},[47,104954,309],{"class":86},[47,104956,3474],{"class":61},[47,104958,17633],{"class":65},[47,104960,3479],{"class":61},[47,104962,309],{"class":86},[47,104964,3474],{"class":61},[47,104966,13271],{"class":65},[47,104968,3479],{"class":61},[47,104970,9483],{"class":86},[20,104972,2464,104973,104975],{},[15,104974,65560],{}," appears only once.",[20,104977,104978,104979,94],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[455,104980,96496],{"href":96495},[149,104982,261],{"id":260},[20,104984,2336],{},[38,104986,104988],{"className":40,"code":104987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104989,104990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104991,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104993,6467],{"class":1570},[47,104995,87],{"class":86},[47,104997,3899],{"class":90},[47,104999,286],{"class":86},[20,105001,105002],{},"The argument is optional.",[162,105004,105005,105008],{},[165,105006,105007],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[165,105009,105010],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105012,105013,105014,3062],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105015,3977],{},[162,105017,105018,105020,105022,105024,105028],{},[165,105019,8269],{},[165,105021,49126],{},[165,105023,274],{},[165,105025,105026],{},[15,105027,36373],{},[165,105029,105030],{},"another set",[20,105032,2302],{},[38,105034,105036],{"className":40,"code":105035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105037,105038,105064,105086,105104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105039,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105041,83],{"class":82},[47,105043,87],{"class":86},[47,105045,6467],{"class":1570},[47,105047,3163],{"class":86},[47,105049,1598],{"class":445},[47,105051,309],{"class":86},[47,105053,1769],{"class":445},[47,105055,309],{"class":86},[47,105057,1769],{"class":445},[47,105059,309],{"class":86},[47,105061,2630],{"class":445},[47,105063,3176],{"class":86},[47,105065,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105067,83],{"class":82},[47,105069,87],{"class":86},[47,105071,6467],{"class":1570},[47,105073,675],{"class":86},[47,105075,2509],{"class":445},[47,105077,309],{"class":86},[47,105079,7966],{"class":445},[47,105081,309],{"class":86},[47,105083,6184],{"class":445},[47,105085,1958],{"class":86},[47,105087,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105089,83],{"class":82},[47,105091,87],{"class":86},[47,105093,6467],{"class":1570},[47,105095,87],{"class":86},[47,105097,102],{"class":61},[47,105099,386],{"class":65},[47,105101,102],{"class":61},[47,105103,1879],{"class":86},[47,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105107,83],{"class":82},[47,105109,87],{"class":86},[47,105111,6467],{"class":1570},[47,105113,87],{"class":86},[47,105115,60169],{"class":82},[47,105117,87],{"class":86},[47,105119,2682],{"class":445},[47,105121,1958],{"class":86},[20,105123,30206],{},[38,105125,105127],{"className":40,"code":105126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105128,105129,105145,105157,105193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105132,9452],{"class":86},[47,105134,1598],{"class":445},[47,105136,309],{"class":86},[47,105138,1769],{"class":445},[47,105140,309],{"class":86},[47,105142,2630],{"class":445},[47,105144,9483],{"class":86},[47,105146,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105148,9452],{"class":86},[47,105150,2509],{"class":445},[47,105152,309],{"class":86},[47,105154,7966],{"class":445},[47,105156,9483],{"class":86},[47,105158,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105160,9452],{"class":86},[47,105162,3479],{"class":61},[47,105164,60608],{"class":65},[47,105166,3479],{"class":61},[47,105168,309],{"class":86},[47,105170,3474],{"class":61},[47,105172,60617],{"class":65},[47,105174,3479],{"class":61},[47,105176,309],{"class":86},[47,105178,3474],{"class":61},[47,105180,60626],{"class":65},[47,105182,3479],{"class":61},[47,105184,309],{"class":86},[47,105186,3474],{"class":61},[47,105188,60643],{"class":65},[47,105190,3479],{"class":61},[47,105192,9483],{"class":86},[47,105194,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105196,9452],{"class":86},[47,105198,1721],{"class":445},[47,105200,309],{"class":86},[47,105202,5677],{"class":445},[47,105204,309],{"class":86},[47,105206,1769],{"class":445},[47,105208,309],{"class":86},[47,105210,2630],{"class":445},[47,105212,9483],{"class":86},[20,105214,105215,105216,94],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[455,105217,105218],{"href":65016},"Python list() function explained",[149,105220,105222],{"id":105221},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105224,98448],{},[38,105226,105227],{"className":40,"code":99413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105228,105229,105239,105249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105232,98458],{"class":53},[47,105234,58],{"class":57},[47,105236,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105238,8817],{"class":86},[47,105240,105241,105243,105245,105247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105242,83],{"class":82},[47,105244,87],{"class":86},[47,105246,98477],{"class":90},[47,105248,286],{"class":86},[47,105250,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105252,83],{"class":82},[47,105254,87],{"class":86},[47,105256,1872],{"class":1570},[47,105258,87],{"class":86},[47,105260,98477],{"class":90},[47,105262,1879],{"class":86},[20,105264,814],{},[38,105266,105267],{"className":40,"code":99456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105268,105269,105275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105270,105271,105273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105272,6467],{"class":1570},[47,105274,8817],{"class":86},[47,105276,105277,105279,105281,105283,105285,105287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105278,3468],{"class":57},[47,105280,3471],{"class":2242},[47,105282,3474],{"class":61},[47,105284,6467],{"class":65},[47,105286,3479],{"class":61},[47,105288,3482],{"class":57},[20,105290,105291],{},"This is important because:",[162,105293,105294,105299],{},[165,105295,105296,105298],{},[15,105297,3977],{}," creates an empty set",[165,105300,105301,105303,105304,105306],{},[15,105302,3972],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3922,105305,4813],{}," a set",[20,105308,183],{},[38,105310,105312],{"className":40,"code":105311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105313,105314,105324,105332,105336,105350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105315,105316,105318,105320,105322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105317,2732],{"class":53},[47,105319,58],{"class":57},[47,105321,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105323,8817],{"class":86},[47,105325,105326,105328,105330],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105327,2760],{"class":53},[47,105329,58],{"class":57},[47,105331,10012],{"class":86},[47,105333,105334],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105335,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,105337,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105339,83],{"class":82},[47,105341,87],{"class":86},[47,105343,1872],{"class":1570},[47,105345,87],{"class":86},[47,105347,455],{"class":90},[47,105349,1879],{"class":86},[47,105351,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,105353,83],{"class":82},[47,105355,87],{"class":86},[47,105357,1872],{"class":1570},[47,105359,87],{"class":86},[47,105361,2014],{"class":90},[47,105363,1879],{"class":86},[20,105365,814],{},[38,105367,105369],{"className":40,"code":105368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105370,105371,105385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105372,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105374,3468],{"class":57},[47,105376,3471],{"class":2242},[47,105378,3474],{"class":61},[47,105380,6467],{"class":65},[47,105382,3479],{"class":61},[47,105384,3482],{"class":57},[47,105386,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105388,3468],{"class":57},[47,105390,3471],{"class":2242},[47,105392,3474],{"class":61},[47,105394,8995],{"class":65},[47,105396,3479],{"class":61},[47,105398,3482],{"class":57},[20,105400,14228],{},[20,105402,105403,105404,94],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[455,105405,104660],{"href":96499},[149,105407,105409],{"id":105408},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[469,105411,105413],{"id":105412},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105415,105416,105417,94],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105418,3977],{},[38,105420,105422],{"className":40,"code":105421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105423,105424,105456,105470,105474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105427,3798],{"class":53},[47,105429,58],{"class":57},[47,105431,3803],{"class":86},[47,105433,1598],{"class":445},[47,105435,309],{"class":86},[47,105437,1769],{"class":445},[47,105439,309],{"class":86},[47,105441,1769],{"class":445},[47,105443,309],{"class":86},[47,105445,2630],{"class":445},[47,105447,309],{"class":86},[47,105449,2630],{"class":445},[47,105451,309],{"class":86},[47,105453,2630],{"class":445},[47,105455,3816],{"class":86},[47,105457,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105459,2407],{"class":53},[47,105461,58],{"class":57},[47,105463,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105465,87],{"class":86},[47,105467,3830],{"class":90},[47,105469,286],{"class":86},[47,105471,105472],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105473,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,105475,105476,105478,105480,105482],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105477,83],{"class":82},[47,105479,87],{"class":86},[47,105481,2442],{"class":90},[47,105483,286],{"class":86},[20,105485,814],{},[38,105487,105488],{"className":40,"code":96775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105489,105490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105491,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105493,9452],{"class":86},[47,105495,1598],{"class":445},[47,105497,309],{"class":86},[47,105499,1769],{"class":445},[47,105501,309],{"class":86},[47,105503,2630],{"class":445},[47,105505,9483],{"class":86},[20,105507,105508,105509,94],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[455,105510,99246],{"href":105511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[469,105513,105515],{"id":105514},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,105517,105519],{"className":40,"code":105518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105520,105521,105545,105559,105563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105522,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105524,4003],{"class":53},[47,105526,58],{"class":57},[47,105528,1067],{"class":86},[47,105530,2313],{"class":445},[47,105532,309],{"class":86},[47,105534,4787],{"class":445},[47,105536,309],{"class":86},[47,105538,6184],{"class":445},[47,105540,309],{"class":86},[47,105542,38111],{"class":445},[47,105544,286],{"class":86},[47,105546,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105548,2407],{"class":53},[47,105550,58],{"class":57},[47,105552,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105554,87],{"class":86},[47,105556,5538],{"class":90},[47,105558,286],{"class":86},[47,105560,105561],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105562,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,105564,105565,105567,105569,105571],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105566,83],{"class":82},[47,105568,87],{"class":86},[47,105570,2442],{"class":90},[47,105572,286],{"class":86},[20,105574,814],{},[38,105576,105578],{"className":40,"code":105577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105579,105580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105581,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105583,9452],{"class":86},[47,105585,2313],{"class":445},[47,105587,309],{"class":86},[47,105589,6184],{"class":445},[47,105591,309],{"class":86},[47,105593,38111],{"class":445},[47,105595,9483],{"class":86},[469,105597,105599],{"id":105598},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105601,51297,105602,105604],{},[15,105603,3977],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,105606,105608],{"className":40,"code":105607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105609,105610,105622,105636,105640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105611,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105613,54],{"class":53},[47,105615,58],{"class":57},[47,105617,62],{"class":61},[47,105619,491],{"class":65},[47,105621,69],{"class":61},[47,105623,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105625,2407],{"class":53},[47,105627,58],{"class":57},[47,105629,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105631,87],{"class":86},[47,105633,91],{"class":90},[47,105635,286],{"class":86},[47,105637,105638],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,105639,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,105643,83],{"class":82},[47,105645,87],{"class":86},[47,105647,2442],{"class":90},[47,105649,286],{"class":86},[20,105651,30206],{},[38,105653,105655],{"className":40,"code":105654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105660,9452],{"class":86},[47,105662,3479],{"class":61},[47,105664,2014],{"class":65},[47,105666,3479],{"class":61},[47,105668,309],{"class":86},[47,105670,3474],{"class":61},[47,105672,455],{"class":65},[47,105674,3479],{"class":61},[47,105676,309],{"class":86},[47,105678,3474],{"class":61},[47,105680,76196],{"class":65},[47,105682,3479],{"class":61},[47,105684,9483],{"class":86},[20,105686,105687],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[469,105689,105691],{"id":105690},"from-range","From range()",[38,105693,105695],{"className":40,"code":105694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105696,105697,105715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105698,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711,105713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105700,2407],{"class":53},[47,105702,58],{"class":57},[47,105704,15813],{"class":1570},[47,105706,87],{"class":86},[47,105708,60169],{"class":82},[47,105710,87],{"class":86},[47,105712,2313],{"class":445},[47,105714,1879],{"class":86},[47,105716,105717,105719,105721,105723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105718,83],{"class":82},[47,105720,87],{"class":86},[47,105722,2442],{"class":90},[47,105724,286],{"class":86},[20,105726,814],{},[38,105728,105730],{"className":40,"code":105729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105731,105732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105733,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752,105754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105735,9452],{"class":86},[47,105737,1721],{"class":445},[47,105739,309],{"class":86},[47,105741,5677],{"class":445},[47,105743,309],{"class":86},[47,105745,1769],{"class":445},[47,105747,309],{"class":86},[47,105749,2630],{"class":445},[47,105751,309],{"class":86},[47,105753,912],{"class":445},[47,105755,9483],{"class":86},[149,105757,105759],{"id":105758},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105761,99693,105762,94],{},[3922,105763,96539],{},[20,105765,105766],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105768,99699],{},[162,105770,105771,105775,105779,105783],{},[165,105772,105773],{},[15,105774,2365],{},[165,105776,105777],{},[15,105778,3622],{},[165,105780,105781],{},[15,105782,2369],{},[165,105784,105785,105787],{},[15,105786,49126],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105789,183],{},[38,105791,105793],{"className":40,"code":105792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105794,105795,105826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105796,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105798,7955],{"class":53},[47,105800,58],{"class":57},[47,105802,10665],{"class":86},[47,105804,1598],{"class":445},[47,105806,309],{"class":86},[47,105808,62],{"class":61},[47,105810,386],{"class":65},[47,105812,102],{"class":61},[47,105814,309],{"class":86},[47,105816,1067],{"class":86},[47,105818,2509],{"class":445},[47,105820,309],{"class":86},[47,105822,7966],{"class":445},[47,105824,105825],{"class":86},")}\n",[47,105827,105828,105830,105832,105834],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105829,83],{"class":82},[47,105831,87],{"class":86},[47,105833,7986],{"class":90},[47,105835,286],{"class":86},[20,105837,99761,105838,105840],{},[3922,105839,4813],{}," work inside a set:",[162,105842,105843,105847,105851],{},[165,105844,105845],{},[15,105846,8269],{},[165,105848,105849],{},[15,105850,8995],{},[165,105852,105853],{},[15,105854,6467],{},[20,105856,97264],{},[38,105858,105860],{"className":40,"code":105859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105861,105862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105863,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105865,99780],{"class":53},[47,105867,58],{"class":57},[47,105869,99785],{"class":86},[47,105871,1598],{"class":445},[47,105873,309],{"class":86},[47,105875,1769],{"class":445},[47,105877,18240],{"class":86},[47,105879,3803],{"class":86},[47,105881,2239],{"class":445},[47,105883,309],{"class":86},[47,105885,912],{"class":445},[47,105887,13885],{"class":86},[20,105889,77024,105890,105892],{},[15,105891,3182],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105894,105895],{},"A safer example:",[38,105897,105899],{"className":40,"code":105898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105900,105901,105929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105902,105903,105906,105908,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105904,105905],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105907,58],{"class":57},[47,105909,105910],{"class":86}," {(",[47,105912,1598],{"class":445},[47,105914,309],{"class":86},[47,105916,1769],{"class":445},[47,105918,9408],{"class":86},[47,105920,1067],{"class":86},[47,105922,2239],{"class":445},[47,105924,309],{"class":86},[47,105926,912],{"class":445},[47,105928,105825],{"class":86},[47,105930,105931,105933,105935,105938],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105932,83],{"class":82},[47,105934,87],{"class":86},[47,105936,105937],{"class":90},"good_set",[47,105939,286],{"class":86},[20,105941,814],{},[38,105943,105945],{"className":40,"code":105944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105946,105947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105948,105949,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105950,105951],{"class":86},"{(",[47,105953,1598],{"class":445},[47,105955,309],{"class":86},[47,105957,1769],{"class":445},[47,105959,9408],{"class":86},[47,105961,1067],{"class":86},[47,105963,2239],{"class":445},[47,105965,309],{"class":86},[47,105967,912],{"class":445},[47,105969,105825],{"class":86},[149,105971,105973],{"id":105972},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105975,144,105976,10776],{},[15,105977,3977],{},[162,105979,105980,105983,105988,105991],{},[165,105981,105982],{},"you need unique values only",[165,105984,105985,105986],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105987,1613],{},[165,105989,105990],{},"order does not matter",[165,105992,105993],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105995,105996],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,105998,106000],{"className":40,"code":105999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106001,106002,106027,106031,106047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106003,106004,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106020,106022,106025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106005,106006],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,106008,58],{"class":57},[47,106010,15813],{"class":1570},[47,106012,3163],{"class":86},[47,106014,46765],{"class":445},[47,106016,309],{"class":86},[47,106018,106019],{"class":445}," 102",[47,106021,309],{"class":86},[47,106023,106024],{"class":445}," 103",[47,106026,4068],{"class":86},[47,106028,106029],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106030,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,106032,106033,106035,106037,106040,106042,106045],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,106034,83],{"class":82},[47,106036,87],{"class":86},[47,106038,106039],{"class":445},"102",[47,106041,1690],{"class":752},[47,106043,106044],{"class":90}," allowed_ids",[47,106046,286],{"class":86},[47,106048,106049,106051,106053,106056,106058,106060],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,106050,83],{"class":82},[47,106052,87],{"class":86},[47,106054,106055],{"class":445},"999",[47,106057,1690],{"class":752},[47,106059,106044],{"class":90},[47,106061,286],{"class":86},[20,106063,814],{},[38,106065,106066],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106067,106068,106072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106069,106070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106071,4160],{"class":4032},[47,106073,106074],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106075,4221],{"class":4032},[20,106077,106078],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[149,106080,106082],{"id":106081},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106084,106085],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[469,106087,144,106089,98390],{"id":106088},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106090,3977],{},[38,106092,106093],{"className":40,"code":98451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106094,106095,106105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106096,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106098,98458],{"class":53},[47,106100,58],{"class":57},[47,106102,15813],{"class":1570},[47,106104,8817],{"class":86},[47,106106,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106108,83],{"class":82},[47,106110,87],{"class":86},[47,106112,1872],{"class":1570},[47,106114,87],{"class":86},[47,106116,98477],{"class":90},[47,106118,1879],{"class":86},[20,106120,814],{},[38,106122,106123],{"className":40,"code":9026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106124,106125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106126,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106128,3468],{"class":57},[47,106130,3471],{"class":2242},[47,106132,3474],{"class":61},[47,106134,6467],{"class":65},[47,106136,3479],{"class":61},[47,106138,3482],{"class":57},[469,106140,144,106142,106144],{"id":106141},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106143,100450],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,106146,106148],{"className":40,"code":106147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106149,106150,106170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106151,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106153,3798],{"class":53},[47,106155,58],{"class":57},[47,106157,10665],{"class":86},[47,106159,1598],{"class":445},[47,106161,309],{"class":86},[47,106163,1769],{"class":445},[47,106165,309],{"class":86},[47,106167,2630],{"class":445},[47,106169,9483],{"class":86},[47,106171,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106173,83],{"class":82},[47,106175,87],{"class":86},[47,106177,1872],{"class":1570},[47,106179,87],{"class":86},[47,106181,3830],{"class":90},[47,106183,1879],{"class":86},[20,106185,814],{},[38,106187,106188],{"className":40,"code":9026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106189,106190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106191,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106193,3468],{"class":57},[47,106195,3471],{"class":2242},[47,106197,3474],{"class":61},[47,106199,6467],{"class":65},[47,106201,3479],{"class":61},[47,106203,3482],{"class":57},[469,106205,144,106207,106209],{"id":106206},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106208,3972],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,106211,106213],{"className":40,"code":106212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106214,106215,106224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106216,106217,106220,106222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106218,106219],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,106221,58],{"class":57},[47,106223,10012],{"class":86},[47,106225,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106227,83],{"class":82},[47,106229,87],{"class":86},[47,106231,1872],{"class":1570},[47,106233,87],{"class":86},[47,106235,106236],{"class":90},"empty_dict",[47,106238,1879],{"class":86},[20,106240,814],{},[38,106242,106243],{"className":40,"code":8982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106244,106245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106246,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106248,3468],{"class":57},[47,106250,3471],{"class":2242},[47,106252,3474],{"class":61},[47,106254,8995],{"class":65},[47,106256,3479],{"class":61},[47,106258,3482],{"class":57},[20,106260,106261],{},"So the rule is simple:",[162,106263,106264,106269,106274],{},[165,106265,106266,106268],{},[15,106267,3977],{}," → empty set",[165,106270,106271,106273],{},[15,106272,100450],{}," → non-empty set",[165,106275,106276,106278],{},[15,106277,3972],{}," → empty dictionary",[149,106280,1425],{"id":1424},[20,106282,106283,106284,94],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106285,3977],{},[469,106287,831,106288,100048],{"id":100045},[15,106289,3972],{},[20,106291,106292],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,106294,106295],{"className":40,"code":100054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106296,106297,106305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106298,106299,106301,106303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106300,1535],{"class":53},[47,106302,58],{"class":57},[47,106304,10012],{"class":86},[47,106306,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106308,83],{"class":82},[47,106310,87],{"class":86},[47,106312,1872],{"class":1570},[47,106314,87],{"class":86},[47,106316,1587],{"class":90},[47,106318,1879],{"class":86},[469,106320,106322,106323],{"id":106321},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106324,106325],{},"set(5)",[20,106327,106328,106330],{},[15,106329,3977],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,106332,106334],{"className":40,"code":106333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,106335,106336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106337,106338,106340,106342,106344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106339,6467],{"class":1570},[47,106341,87],{"class":86},[47,106343,2313],{"class":445},[47,106345,286],{"class":86},[20,106347,3179,106348,106350,106351,94],{},[15,106349,3182],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[455,106352,106354],{"href":106353},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[469,106356,106358],{"id":106357},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106360,106361],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,106363,106365],{"className":40,"code":106364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106366,106367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106368,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106370,1535],{"class":53},[47,106372,58],{"class":57},[47,106374,99785],{"class":86},[47,106376,1598],{"class":445},[47,106378,309],{"class":86},[47,106380,1769],{"class":445},[47,106382,18240],{"class":86},[47,106384,3803],{"class":86},[47,106386,2239],{"class":445},[47,106388,309],{"class":86},[47,106390,912],{"class":445},[47,106392,13885],{"class":86},[469,106394,8628,106396,106398],{"id":106395},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106397,3977],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106400,106401],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[469,106403,1608,106405,834,106407,32,106409],{"id":106404},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106406,3977],{},[15,106408,24958],{},[15,106410,9294],{},[20,106412,106413],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[149,106415,60879],{"id":60878},[20,106417,11288],{},[38,106419,106421],{"className":40,"code":106420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106422,106423,106438,106448,106462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106424,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106426,83],{"class":82},[47,106428,87],{"class":86},[47,106430,1872],{"class":1570},[47,106432,87],{"class":86},[47,106434,106435],{"class":90},"my_value",[47,106437,1879],{"class":86},[47,106439,106440,106442,106444,106446],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106441,83],{"class":82},[47,106443,87],{"class":86},[47,106445,106435],{"class":90},[47,106447,286],{"class":86},[47,106449,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,106451,83],{"class":82},[47,106453,87],{"class":86},[47,106455,8269],{"class":1570},[47,106457,87],{"class":86},[47,106459,15846],{"class":90},[47,106461,1879],{"class":86},[47,106463,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,106465,83],{"class":82},[47,106467,87],{"class":86},[47,106469,11337],{"class":82},[47,106471,87],{"class":86},[47,106473,15846],{"class":90},[47,106475,1879],{"class":86},[20,106477,106478],{},"What they help you see:",[162,106480,106481,106487,106492,106498],{},[165,106482,106483,106486],{},[15,106484,106485],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[165,106488,106489,90714],{},[15,106490,106491],{},"print(my_value)",[165,106493,106494,106497],{},[15,106495,106496],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[165,106499,106500,106503],{},[15,106501,106502],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[149,106505,1962],{"id":1961},[469,106507,106509],{"id":106508},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106511,106512],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[469,106514,106516],{"id":106515},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106518,144,106519,106521,106522,106524],{},[15,106520,3977],{},". Do not use ",[15,106523,3972],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[469,106526,106528],{"id":106527},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106530,106531],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[469,106533,106535],{"id":106534},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106537,106538],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106540,183],{},[38,106542,106544],{"className":40,"code":106543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106545,106546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106547,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106549,83],{"class":82},[47,106551,87],{"class":86},[47,106553,6467],{"class":1570},[47,106555,87],{"class":86},[47,106557,102],{"class":61},[47,106559,4260],{"class":65},[47,106561,102],{"class":61},[47,106563,1879],{"class":86},[20,106565,30206],{},[38,106567,106569],{"className":40,"code":106568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106570,106571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106572,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106574,9452],{"class":86},[47,106576,3479],{"class":61},[47,106578,455],{"class":65},[47,106580,3479],{"class":61},[47,106582,309],{"class":86},[47,106584,3474],{"class":61},[47,106586,20],{"class":65},[47,106588,3479],{"class":61},[47,106590,309],{"class":86},[47,106592,3474],{"class":61},[47,106594,60626],{"class":65},[47,106596,3479],{"class":61},[47,106598,309],{"class":86},[47,106600,3474],{"class":61},[47,106602,60617],{"class":65},[47,106604,3479],{"class":61},[47,106606,9483],{"class":86},[469,106608,5338,106610,106613],{"id":106609},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106611,106612],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106615,106616,28862,106618,106621],{},[15,106617,3977],{},[3922,106619,106620],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106623,106624],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,106626,106628],{"className":40,"code":106627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106629,106630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106631,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106633,83],{"class":82},[47,106635,87],{"class":86},[47,106637,6467],{"class":1570},[47,106639,3163],{"class":86},[47,106641,1598],{"class":445},[47,106643,309],{"class":86},[47,106645,1769],{"class":445},[47,106647,309],{"class":86},[47,106649,2630],{"class":445},[47,106651,309],{"class":86},[47,106653,912],{"class":445},[47,106655,3176],{"class":86},[149,106657,2062],{"id":2061},[162,106659,106660,106664,106668,106672,106676],{},[165,106661,106662],{},[455,106663,96496],{"href":96495},[165,106665,106666],{},[455,106667,104660],{"href":96499},[165,106669,106670],{},[455,106671,100512],{"href":105511},[165,106673,106674],{},[455,106675,105218],{"href":65016},[165,106677,106678],{},[455,106679,106354],{"href":106353},[2093,106681,106682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":106684},[106685,106686,106687,106688,106689,106695,106696,106697,106705,106715,106716,106724],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":104836,"depth":72,"text":104837},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":105221,"depth":72,"text":105222},{"id":105408,"depth":72,"text":105409,"children":106690},[106691,106692,106693,106694],{"id":105412,"depth":79,"text":105413},{"id":105514,"depth":79,"text":105515},{"id":105598,"depth":79,"text":105599},{"id":105690,"depth":79,"text":105691},{"id":105758,"depth":72,"text":105759},{"id":105972,"depth":72,"text":105973},{"id":106081,"depth":72,"text":106082,"children":106698},[106699,106701,106703],{"id":106088,"depth":79,"text":106700},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106141,"depth":79,"text":106702},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106206,"depth":79,"text":106704},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":106706},[106707,106708,106710,106711,106713],{"id":100045,"depth":79,"text":100553},{"id":106321,"depth":79,"text":106709},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106357,"depth":79,"text":106358},{"id":106395,"depth":79,"text":106712},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106404,"depth":79,"text":106714},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60878,"depth":72,"text":60879},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":106717},[106718,106719,106720,106721,106722],{"id":106508,"depth":79,"text":106509},{"id":106515,"depth":79,"text":106516},{"id":106527,"depth":79,"text":106528},{"id":106534,"depth":79,"text":106535},{"id":106609,"depth":79,"text":106723},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104718,"description":106725},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106732,"title":106733,"body":106734,"description":108249,"extension":2138,"meta":108250,"navigation":75,"path":108251,"seo":108252,"stem":108253,"__hash__":108254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106735,"toc":108225},[106736,106742,106747,106750,106833,106838,106843,106848,106850,106863,106867,106869,106888,106891,106914,106917,106928,106930,107011,107013,107030,107032,107038,107041,107136,107138,107169,107171,107179,107181,107184,107295,107297,107322,107324,107346,107351,107356,107362,107471,107473,107489,107492,107495,107578,107580,107597,107605,107607,107611,107617,107708,107710,107743,107748,107755,107832,107834,107851,107857,107859,107863,107879,107882,107908,107910,107971,107973,108096,108098,108149,108155,108157,108162,108164,108170,108173,108177,108180,108184,108187,108197,108199,108222],[10,106737,3755,106739,18],{"id":106738},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106740,106741],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106743,842,106744,106746],{},[15,106745,106741],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106748,106749],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,106751,106753],{"className":40,"code":106752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106754,106755,106775,106795,106799,106818,106828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106756,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106758,2732],{"class":53},[47,106760,58],{"class":57},[47,106762,10665],{"class":86},[47,106764,1598],{"class":445},[47,106766,309],{"class":86},[47,106768,1769],{"class":445},[47,106770,309],{"class":86},[47,106772,2630],{"class":445},[47,106774,9483],{"class":86},[47,106776,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106778,2760],{"class":53},[47,106780,58],{"class":57},[47,106782,10665],{"class":86},[47,106784,2233],{"class":445},[47,106786,309],{"class":86},[47,106788,2630],{"class":445},[47,106790,309],{"class":86},[47,106792,912],{"class":445},[47,106794,9483],{"class":86},[47,106796,106797],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,106798,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,106800,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106812,106814,106816],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,106802,2407],{"class":53},[47,106804,58],{"class":57},[47,106806,57057],{"class":53},[47,106808,94],{"class":86},[47,106810,106811],{"class":90},"intersection",[47,106813,87],{"class":86},[47,106815,2014],{"class":90},[47,106817,286],{"class":86},[47,106819,106820,106822,106824,106826],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,106821,83],{"class":82},[47,106823,87],{"class":86},[47,106825,2442],{"class":90},[47,106827,286],{"class":86},[47,106829,106830],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,106831,106832],{"class":113},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106834,144,106835,106837],{},[15,106836,102959],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[149,106839,13174,106841,13177],{"id":106840},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106842,102959],{},[20,106844,106845,106847],{},[15,106846,102959],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106849,13230],{},[162,106851,106852,106855,106857,106860],{},[165,106853,106854],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[165,106856,100729],{},[165,106858,106859],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[165,106861,106862],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106864,96492,106865,94],{},[455,106866,96496],{"href":96495},[149,106868,261],{"id":260},[38,106870,106872],{"className":40,"code":106871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106873,106874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106875,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106877,100753],{"class":53},[47,106879,94],{"class":86},[47,106881,106811],{"class":90},[47,106883,87],{"class":86},[47,106885,100762],{"class":90},[47,106887,286],{"class":86},[20,106889,106890],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,106892,106894],{"className":40,"code":106893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106895,106896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106897,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106899,100753],{"class":53},[47,106901,94],{"class":86},[47,106903,106811],{"class":90},[47,106905,87],{"class":86},[47,106907,100762],{"class":90},[47,106909,309],{"class":86},[47,106911,100789],{"class":90},[47,106913,286],{"class":86},[20,106915,106916],{},"Important notes:",[162,106918,106919,106922,106925],{},[165,106920,106921],{},"The result is always a new set",[165,106923,106924],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[165,106926,106927],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106929,183],{},[38,106931,106933],{"className":40,"code":106932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106934,106935,106959,106979,106983,107001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106936,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106938,2732],{"class":53},[47,106940,58],{"class":57},[47,106942,10665],{"class":86},[47,106944,1598],{"class":445},[47,106946,309],{"class":86},[47,106948,1769],{"class":445},[47,106950,309],{"class":86},[47,106952,2630],{"class":445},[47,106954,309],{"class":86},[47,106956,912],{"class":445},[47,106958,9483],{"class":86},[47,106960,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106962,2760],{"class":53},[47,106964,58],{"class":57},[47,106966,10665],{"class":86},[47,106968,2239],{"class":445},[47,106970,309],{"class":86},[47,106972,912],{"class":445},[47,106974,309],{"class":86},[47,106976,4787],{"class":445},[47,106978,9483],{"class":86},[47,106980,106981],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,106982,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,106984,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,106986,2407],{"class":53},[47,106988,58],{"class":57},[47,106990,57057],{"class":53},[47,106992,94],{"class":86},[47,106994,106811],{"class":90},[47,106996,87],{"class":86},[47,106998,2014],{"class":90},[47,107000,286],{"class":86},[47,107002,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107004,83],{"class":82},[47,107006,87],{"class":86},[47,107008,2442],{"class":90},[47,107010,286],{"class":86},[20,107012,814],{},[38,107014,107016],{"className":40,"code":107015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107017,107018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107019,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107021,9452],{"class":86},[47,107023,2239],{"class":445},[47,107025,309],{"class":86},[47,107027,912],{"class":445},[47,107029,9483],{"class":86},[149,107031,700],{"id":699},[20,107033,107034,22152,107036,94],{},[15,107035,102959],{},[3922,107037,6467],{},[20,107039,107040],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,107042,107044],{"className":40,"code":107043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107045,107046,107066,107086,107090,107108,107112,107122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107047,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107049,2732],{"class":53},[47,107051,58],{"class":57},[47,107053,10665],{"class":86},[47,107055,1598],{"class":445},[47,107057,309],{"class":86},[47,107059,1769],{"class":445},[47,107061,309],{"class":86},[47,107063,2630],{"class":445},[47,107065,9483],{"class":86},[47,107067,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107069,2760],{"class":53},[47,107071,58],{"class":57},[47,107073,10665],{"class":86},[47,107075,2233],{"class":445},[47,107077,309],{"class":86},[47,107079,2630],{"class":445},[47,107081,309],{"class":86},[47,107083,912],{"class":445},[47,107085,9483],{"class":86},[47,107087,107088],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107089,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107093,2407],{"class":53},[47,107095,58],{"class":57},[47,107097,57057],{"class":53},[47,107099,94],{"class":86},[47,107101,106811],{"class":90},[47,107103,87],{"class":86},[47,107105,2014],{"class":90},[47,107107,286],{"class":86},[47,107109,107110],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107111,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,107115,83],{"class":82},[47,107117,87],{"class":86},[47,107119,2442],{"class":90},[47,107121,286],{"class":86},[47,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,107125,83],{"class":82},[47,107127,87],{"class":86},[47,107129,1872],{"class":1570},[47,107131,87],{"class":86},[47,107133,2442],{"class":90},[47,107135,1879],{"class":86},[20,107137,814],{},[38,107139,107141],{"className":40,"code":107140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107142,107143,107155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107146,9452],{"class":86},[47,107148,2233],{"class":445},[47,107150,309],{"class":86},[47,107152,2630],{"class":445},[47,107154,9483],{"class":86},[47,107156,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107158,3468],{"class":57},[47,107160,3471],{"class":2242},[47,107162,3474],{"class":61},[47,107164,6467],{"class":65},[47,107166,3479],{"class":61},[47,107168,3482],{"class":57},[20,107170,85977],{},[162,107172,107173,107176],{},[165,107174,107175],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[165,107177,107178],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[149,107180,11651],{"id":11650},[20,107182,107183],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,107185,107187],{"className":40,"code":107186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107188,107189,107222,107255,107259,107280,107284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107190,107191,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107192,107193],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,107195,58],{"class":57},[47,107197,10665],{"class":86},[47,107199,102],{"class":61},[47,107201,13271],{"class":65},[47,107203,102],{"class":61},[47,107205,309],{"class":86},[47,107207,62],{"class":61},[47,107209,13288],{"class":65},[47,107211,102],{"class":61},[47,107213,309],{"class":86},[47,107215,62],{"class":61},[47,107217,17633],{"class":65},[47,107219,102],{"class":61},[47,107221,9483],{"class":86},[47,107223,107224,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107225,107226],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,107228,58],{"class":57},[47,107230,10665],{"class":86},[47,107232,102],{"class":61},[47,107234,17633],{"class":65},[47,107236,102],{"class":61},[47,107238,309],{"class":86},[47,107240,62],{"class":61},[47,107242,22701],{"class":65},[47,107244,102],{"class":61},[47,107246,309],{"class":86},[47,107248,62],{"class":61},[47,107250,13288],{"class":65},[47,107252,102],{"class":61},[47,107254,9483],{"class":86},[47,107256,107257],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107258,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107260,107261,107264,107266,107269,107271,107273,107275,107278],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107262,107263],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,107265,58],{"class":57},[47,107267,107268],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,107270,94],{"class":86},[47,107272,106811],{"class":90},[47,107274,87],{"class":86},[47,107276,107277],{"class":90},"colors2",[47,107279,286],{"class":86},[47,107281,107282],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107283,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107285,107286,107288,107290,107293],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,107287,83],{"class":82},[47,107289,87],{"class":86},[47,107291,107292],{"class":90},"common_colors",[47,107294,286],{"class":86},[20,107296,814],{},[38,107298,107300],{"className":40,"code":107299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107301,107302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107303,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107305,9452],{"class":86},[47,107307,3479],{"class":61},[47,107309,13288],{"class":65},[47,107311,3479],{"class":61},[47,107313,309],{"class":86},[47,107315,3474],{"class":61},[47,107317,17633],{"class":65},[47,107319,3479],{"class":61},[47,107321,9483],{"class":86},[20,107323,11860],{},[162,107325,107326,107332,107336,107341],{},[165,107327,107328,107331],{},[15,107329,107330],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[165,107333,107334,107331],{},[15,107335,107277],{},[165,107337,107338,107340],{},[15,107339,102959],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[165,107342,107343,107344],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107345,107292],{},[149,107347,831,107349,101326],{"id":107348},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107350,102959],{},[20,107352,107353,107354,94],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107355,102959],{},[20,107357,107358,107359,107361],{},"Only the values found in ",[3922,107360,3894],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,107363,107365],{"className":40,"code":107364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107366,107367,107391,107415,107435,107439,107461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107368,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107370,2732],{"class":53},[47,107372,58],{"class":57},[47,107374,10665],{"class":86},[47,107376,1598],{"class":445},[47,107378,309],{"class":86},[47,107380,1769],{"class":445},[47,107382,309],{"class":86},[47,107384,2630],{"class":445},[47,107386,309],{"class":86},[47,107388,912],{"class":445},[47,107390,9483],{"class":86},[47,107392,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107394,2760],{"class":53},[47,107396,58],{"class":57},[47,107398,10665],{"class":86},[47,107400,2233],{"class":445},[47,107402,309],{"class":86},[47,107404,2630],{"class":445},[47,107406,309],{"class":86},[47,107408,912],{"class":445},[47,107410,309],{"class":86},[47,107412,4787],{"class":445},[47,107414,9483],{"class":86},[47,107416,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107418,83351],{"class":53},[47,107420,58],{"class":57},[47,107422,10665],{"class":86},[47,107424,2239],{"class":445},[47,107426,309],{"class":86},[47,107428,912],{"class":445},[47,107430,309],{"class":86},[47,107432,446],{"class":445},[47,107434,9483],{"class":86},[47,107436,107437],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107438,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107440,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107442,2407],{"class":53},[47,107444,58],{"class":57},[47,107446,57057],{"class":53},[47,107448,94],{"class":86},[47,107450,106811],{"class":90},[47,107452,87],{"class":86},[47,107454,2014],{"class":90},[47,107456,309],{"class":86},[47,107458,9855],{"class":90},[47,107460,286],{"class":86},[47,107462,107463,107465,107467,107469],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,107464,83],{"class":82},[47,107466,87],{"class":86},[47,107468,2442],{"class":90},[47,107470,286],{"class":86},[20,107472,814],{},[38,107474,107475],{"className":40,"code":107015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107476,107477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107480,9452],{"class":86},[47,107482,2239],{"class":445},[47,107484,309],{"class":86},[47,107486,912],{"class":445},[47,107488,9483],{"class":86},[20,107490,107491],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107493,107494],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,107496,107498],{"className":40,"code":107497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107499,107500,107524,107528,107568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107501,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107503,2732],{"class":53},[47,107505,58],{"class":57},[47,107507,10665],{"class":86},[47,107509,1598],{"class":445},[47,107511,309],{"class":86},[47,107513,1769],{"class":445},[47,107515,309],{"class":86},[47,107517,2630],{"class":445},[47,107519,309],{"class":86},[47,107521,912],{"class":445},[47,107523,9483],{"class":86},[47,107525,107526],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107527,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107531,2407],{"class":53},[47,107533,58],{"class":57},[47,107535,57057],{"class":53},[47,107537,94],{"class":86},[47,107539,106811],{"class":90},[47,107541,3163],{"class":86},[47,107543,2233],{"class":445},[47,107545,309],{"class":86},[47,107547,912],{"class":445},[47,107549,309],{"class":86},[47,107551,446],{"class":445},[47,107553,18240],{"class":86},[47,107555,1067],{"class":86},[47,107557,1598],{"class":445},[47,107559,309],{"class":86},[47,107561,1769],{"class":445},[47,107563,309],{"class":86},[47,107565,912],{"class":445},[47,107567,1879],{"class":86},[47,107569,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107571,83],{"class":82},[47,107573,87],{"class":86},[47,107575,2442],{"class":90},[47,107577,286],{"class":86},[20,107579,814],{},[38,107581,107583],{"className":40,"code":107582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107584,107585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107586,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107588,9452],{"class":86},[47,107590,2233],{"class":445},[47,107592,309],{"class":86},[47,107594,912],{"class":445},[47,107596,9483],{"class":86},[149,107598,107600,10760,107602],{"id":107599},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107601,102959],{},[15,107603,107604],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107606,101496],{},[469,107608,107609],{"id":106811},[15,107610,102959],{},[162,107612,107613,107615],{},[165,107614,101505],{},[165,107616,101508],{},[38,107618,107620],{"className":40,"code":107619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107621,107622,107642,107662,107666,107684,107688,107698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107623,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107625,2732],{"class":53},[47,107627,58],{"class":57},[47,107629,10665],{"class":86},[47,107631,1598],{"class":445},[47,107633,309],{"class":86},[47,107635,1769],{"class":445},[47,107637,309],{"class":86},[47,107639,2630],{"class":445},[47,107641,9483],{"class":86},[47,107643,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107645,2760],{"class":53},[47,107647,58],{"class":57},[47,107649,10665],{"class":86},[47,107651,2233],{"class":445},[47,107653,309],{"class":86},[47,107655,2630],{"class":445},[47,107657,309],{"class":86},[47,107659,912],{"class":445},[47,107661,9483],{"class":86},[47,107663,107664],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107665,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107667,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107669,2407],{"class":53},[47,107671,58],{"class":57},[47,107673,57057],{"class":53},[47,107675,94],{"class":86},[47,107677,106811],{"class":90},[47,107679,87],{"class":86},[47,107681,2014],{"class":90},[47,107683,286],{"class":86},[47,107685,107686],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107687,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,107691,83],{"class":82},[47,107693,87],{"class":86},[47,107695,455],{"class":90},[47,107697,286],{"class":86},[47,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,107701,83],{"class":82},[47,107703,87],{"class":86},[47,107705,2442],{"class":90},[47,107707,286],{"class":86},[20,107709,814],{},[38,107711,107713],{"className":40,"code":107712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107714,107715,107731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107716,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107718,9452],{"class":86},[47,107720,1598],{"class":445},[47,107722,309],{"class":86},[47,107724,1769],{"class":445},[47,107726,309],{"class":86},[47,107728,2630],{"class":445},[47,107730,9483],{"class":86},[47,107732,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107734,9452],{"class":86},[47,107736,2233],{"class":445},[47,107738,309],{"class":86},[47,107740,2630],{"class":445},[47,107742,9483],{"class":86},[469,107744,107746],{"id":107745},"intersection_update",[15,107747,107604],{},[162,107749,107750,107752],{},[165,107751,101648],{},[165,107753,107754],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,107756,107758],{"className":40,"code":107757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107759,107760,107780,107800,107804,107818,107822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107761,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107763,2732],{"class":53},[47,107765,58],{"class":57},[47,107767,10665],{"class":86},[47,107769,1598],{"class":445},[47,107771,309],{"class":86},[47,107773,1769],{"class":445},[47,107775,309],{"class":86},[47,107777,2630],{"class":445},[47,107779,9483],{"class":86},[47,107781,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107783,2760],{"class":53},[47,107785,58],{"class":57},[47,107787,10665],{"class":86},[47,107789,2233],{"class":445},[47,107791,309],{"class":86},[47,107793,2630],{"class":445},[47,107795,309],{"class":86},[47,107797,912],{"class":445},[47,107799,9483],{"class":86},[47,107801,107802],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107803,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107805,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107807,455],{"class":53},[47,107809,94],{"class":86},[47,107811,107745],{"class":90},[47,107813,87],{"class":86},[47,107815,2014],{"class":90},[47,107817,286],{"class":86},[47,107819,107820],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,107821,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,107823,107824,107826,107828,107830],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,107825,83],{"class":82},[47,107827,87],{"class":86},[47,107829,455],{"class":90},[47,107831,286],{"class":86},[20,107833,814],{},[38,107835,107837],{"className":40,"code":107836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107838,107839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107840,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107842,9452],{"class":86},[47,107844,2233],{"class":445},[47,107846,309],{"class":86},[47,107848,2630],{"class":445},[47,107850,9483],{"class":86},[20,107852,107853,107854,107856],{},"Choose ",[15,107855,102959],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[149,107858,4700],{"id":4699},[20,107860,14913,107861,3062],{},[15,107862,102959],{},[162,107864,107865,107868,107871,107874],{},[165,107866,107867],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[165,107869,107870],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[165,107872,107873],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[165,107875,107876,107877],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107878,102959],{},[20,107880,107881],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[162,107883,107884,107889,107892,107905],{},[165,107885,831,107886,107888],{},[15,107887,102959],{}," when order matters",[165,107890,107891],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[165,107893,1608,107894,834,107896,32,107901],{},[15,107895,102959],{},[455,107897,107899],{"href":107898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107900,102967],{},[455,107902,107903],{"href":103008},[15,107904,100582],{},[165,107906,107907],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107909,30312],{},[38,107911,107913],{"className":40,"code":107912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107914,107915,107925,107939,107957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107916,107917,107919,107921,107923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107918,83],{"class":82},[47,107920,87],{"class":86},[47,107922,15846],{"class":90},[47,107924,286],{"class":86},[47,107926,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107928,83],{"class":82},[47,107930,87],{"class":86},[47,107932,1872],{"class":1570},[47,107934,87],{"class":86},[47,107936,2442],{"class":90},[47,107938,1879],{"class":86},[47,107940,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,107942,83],{"class":82},[47,107944,87],{"class":86},[47,107946,100753],{"class":90},[47,107948,94],{"class":86},[47,107950,106811],{"class":90},[47,107952,87],{"class":86},[47,107954,100762],{"class":90},[47,107956,1879],{"class":86},[47,107958,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,107960,83],{"class":82},[47,107962,87],{"class":86},[47,107964,11337],{"class":82},[47,107966,87],{"class":86},[47,107968,2442],{"class":90},[47,107970,1879],{"class":86},[20,107972,183],{},[38,107974,107976],{"className":40,"code":107975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107977,107978,108002,108022,108026,108044,108048,108058,108068,108082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107979,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107981,3798],{"class":53},[47,107983,58],{"class":57},[47,107985,10665],{"class":86},[47,107987,1598],{"class":445},[47,107989,309],{"class":86},[47,107991,1769],{"class":445},[47,107993,309],{"class":86},[47,107995,1769],{"class":445},[47,107997,309],{"class":86},[47,107999,2630],{"class":445},[47,108001,9483],{"class":86},[47,108003,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108005,43723],{"class":53},[47,108007,58],{"class":57},[47,108009,10665],{"class":86},[47,108011,2233],{"class":445},[47,108013,309],{"class":86},[47,108015,2630],{"class":445},[47,108017,309],{"class":86},[47,108019,912],{"class":445},[47,108021,9483],{"class":86},[47,108023,108024],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108025,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108027,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108029,2407],{"class":53},[47,108031,58],{"class":57},[47,108033,4444],{"class":53},[47,108035,94],{"class":86},[47,108037,106811],{"class":90},[47,108039,87],{"class":86},[47,108041,30920],{"class":90},[47,108043,286],{"class":86},[47,108045,108046],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108047,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108049,108050,108052,108054,108056],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,108051,83],{"class":82},[47,108053,87],{"class":86},[47,108055,3830],{"class":90},[47,108057,286],{"class":86},[47,108059,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,108061,83],{"class":82},[47,108063,87],{"class":86},[47,108065,2442],{"class":90},[47,108067,286],{"class":86},[47,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,108071,83],{"class":82},[47,108073,87],{"class":86},[47,108075,1872],{"class":1570},[47,108077,87],{"class":86},[47,108079,2442],{"class":90},[47,108081,1879],{"class":86},[47,108083,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,108085,83],{"class":82},[47,108087,87],{"class":86},[47,108089,11337],{"class":82},[47,108091,87],{"class":86},[47,108093,2442],{"class":90},[47,108095,1879],{"class":86},[20,108097,814],{},[38,108099,108101],{"className":40,"code":108100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108102,108103,108119,108131,108145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108106,9452],{"class":86},[47,108108,1598],{"class":445},[47,108110,309],{"class":86},[47,108112,1769],{"class":445},[47,108114,309],{"class":86},[47,108116,2630],{"class":445},[47,108118,9483],{"class":86},[47,108120,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108122,9452],{"class":86},[47,108124,2233],{"class":445},[47,108126,309],{"class":86},[47,108128,2630],{"class":445},[47,108130,9483],{"class":86},[47,108132,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108134,3468],{"class":57},[47,108136,3471],{"class":2242},[47,108138,3474],{"class":61},[47,108140,6467],{"class":65},[47,108142,3479],{"class":61},[47,108144,3482],{"class":57},[47,108146,108147],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108148,17235],{"class":445},[20,108150,108151,108152,108154],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108153,2233],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[149,108156,1962],{"id":1961},[469,108158,1966,108160,102907],{"id":108159},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108161,102959],{},[20,108163,102910],{},[469,108165,1980,108167,108169],{"id":108166},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108168,102959],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108171,108172],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[469,108174,108176],{"id":108175},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108178,108179],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[469,108181,108183],{"id":108182},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108185,108186],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,108188,108189],{"className":40,"code":97626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108190,108191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108192,108193,108195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108194,6467],{"class":1570},[47,108196,8817],{"class":86},[149,108198,2062],{"id":2061},[162,108200,108201,108205,108212,108218],{},[165,108202,108203],{},[455,108204,96496],{"href":96495},[165,108206,108207],{},[455,108208,3755,108209,1168],{"href":107898},[15,108210,108211],{},"set.union()",[165,108213,108214],{},[455,108215,3755,108216,1168],{"href":103008},[15,108217,100587],{},[165,108219,108220],{},[455,108221,100512],{"href":105511},[2093,108223,108224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":108226},[108227,108229,108230,108231,108232,108234,108239,108240,108248],{"id":106840,"depth":72,"text":108228},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":107348,"depth":72,"text":108233},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107599,"depth":72,"text":108235,"children":108236},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108237,108238],{"id":106811,"depth":79,"text":102959},{"id":107745,"depth":79,"text":107604},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":108241},[108242,108244,108246,108247],{"id":108159,"depth":79,"text":108243},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108166,"depth":79,"text":108245},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108175,"depth":79,"text":108176},{"id":108182,"depth":79,"text":108183},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106733,"description":108249},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108256,"title":108257,"body":108258,"description":109494,"extension":2138,"meta":109495,"navigation":75,"path":109496,"seo":109497,"stem":109498,"__hash__":109499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108259,"toc":109461},[108260,108265,108271,108280,108282,108357,108362,108377,108387,108392,108396,108409,108413,108415,108430,108432,108448,108450,108525,108529,108532,108534,108551,108556,108611,108616,108628,108632,108635,108736,108738,108779,108782,108786,108793,108795,108820,108823,108841,108848,108854,108857,108939,108946,108949,109029,109038,109041,109046,109050,109064,109113,109118,109122,109133,109182,109193,109198,109202,109214,109263,109274,109276,109280,109303,109305,109362,109364,109378,109380,109386,109392,109398,109407,109411,109418,109422,109430,109432,109458],[10,108261,96368,108263,18],{"id":108262},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108264,12940],{},[20,108266,108267,108270],{},[15,108268,108269],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108272,108273,108274,108276,108277,108279],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3922,108275,4813],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108278,12940],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[149,108281,2179],{"id":2178},[38,108283,108285],{"className":40,"code":108284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108286,108287,108319,108333,108337,108347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108288,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108290,7955],{"class":53},[47,108292,58],{"class":57},[47,108294,10665],{"class":86},[47,108296,102],{"class":61},[47,108298,4260],{"class":65},[47,108300,102],{"class":61},[47,108302,309],{"class":86},[47,108304,62],{"class":61},[47,108306,491],{"class":65},[47,108308,102],{"class":61},[47,108310,309],{"class":86},[47,108312,62],{"class":61},[47,108314,4277],{"class":65},[47,108316,102],{"class":61},[47,108318,9483],{"class":86},[47,108320,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108322,70101],{"class":53},[47,108324,58],{"class":57},[47,108326,6145],{"class":53},[47,108328,94],{"class":86},[47,108330,26419],{"class":90},[47,108332,8817],{"class":86},[47,108334,108335],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108336,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108338,108339,108341,108343,108345],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108340,83],{"class":82},[47,108342,87],{"class":86},[47,108344,70124],{"class":90},[47,108346,286],{"class":86},[47,108348,108349,108351,108353,108355],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108350,83],{"class":82},[47,108352,87],{"class":86},[47,108354,7986],{"class":90},[47,108356,286],{"class":86},[20,108358,108359],{},[3922,108360,108361],{},"What this does:",[162,108363,108364,108369,108374],{},[165,108365,108366,108367],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108368,7986],{},[165,108370,108371,108372],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108373,70124],{},[165,108375,108376],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108378,108379,89128,108381,108383,108384,108386],{},[3922,108380,83986],{},[15,108382,108269],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3922,108385,4813],{}," chosen by index.",[149,108388,152,108390,155],{"id":108389},"what-setpop-does",[15,108391,108269],{},[20,108393,108394,3062],{},[15,108395,108269],{},[162,108397,108398,108400,108403,108406],{},[165,108399,103210],{},[165,108401,108402],{},"Returns the removed item",[165,108404,108405],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[165,108407,108408],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108410,96492,108411,94],{},[455,108412,96496],{"href":97667},[149,108414,261],{"id":260},[38,108416,108418],{"className":40,"code":108417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108419,108420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108421,108422,108424,108426,108428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108423,15846],{"class":53},[47,108425,94],{"class":86},[47,108427,26419],{"class":90},[47,108429,8817],{"class":86},[20,108431,13230],{},[162,108433,108434,108440,108445],{},[165,108435,108436,108437],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108438,108439],{},"my_set.pop()",[165,108441,108442,108443],{},"It takes ",[3922,108444,28865],{},[165,108446,108447],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108449,183],{},[38,108451,108453],{"className":40,"code":108452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108454,108455,108487,108501,108505,108515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108456,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108458,13254],{"class":53},[47,108460,58],{"class":57},[47,108462,10665],{"class":86},[47,108464,102],{"class":61},[47,108466,13271],{"class":65},[47,108468,102],{"class":61},[47,108470,309],{"class":86},[47,108472,62],{"class":61},[47,108474,13288],{"class":65},[47,108476,102],{"class":61},[47,108478,309],{"class":86},[47,108480,62],{"class":61},[47,108482,17633],{"class":65},[47,108484,102],{"class":61},[47,108486,9483],{"class":86},[47,108488,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108490,28715],{"class":53},[47,108492,58],{"class":57},[47,108494,13302],{"class":53},[47,108496,94],{"class":86},[47,108498,26419],{"class":90},[47,108500,8817],{"class":86},[47,108502,108503],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108504,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108506,108507,108509,108511,108513],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108508,83],{"class":82},[47,108510,87],{"class":86},[47,108512,23487],{"class":90},[47,108514,286],{"class":86},[47,108516,108517,108519,108521,108523],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108518,83],{"class":82},[47,108520,87],{"class":86},[47,108522,17680],{"class":90},[47,108524,286],{"class":86},[149,108526,108528],{"id":108527},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108530,108531],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108533,2284],{},[162,108535,108536,108542,108545],{},[165,108537,108538,108539,108541],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108540,12940],{}," removes",[165,108543,108544],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[165,108546,108547,108548,108550],{},"You should not use ",[15,108549,12940],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108552,10635,108553,108555],{},[3922,108554,4813],{}," valid:",[38,108557,108559],{"className":40,"code":108558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108560,108561,108593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108562,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108564,36414],{"class":53},[47,108566,58],{"class":57},[47,108568,10665],{"class":86},[47,108570,102],{"class":61},[47,108572,4260],{"class":65},[47,108574,102],{"class":61},[47,108576,309],{"class":86},[47,108578,62],{"class":61},[47,108580,491],{"class":65},[47,108582,102],{"class":61},[47,108584,309],{"class":86},[47,108586,62],{"class":61},[47,108588,4277],{"class":65},[47,108590,102],{"class":61},[47,108592,9483],{"class":86},[47,108594,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605,108607,108609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108596,36466],{"class":53},[47,108598,94],{"class":86},[47,108600,26419],{"class":90},[47,108602,87],{"class":86},[47,108604,102],{"class":61},[47,108606,4260],{"class":65},[47,108608,102],{"class":61},[47,108610,286],{"class":86},[20,108612,39828,108613,108615],{},[15,108614,108269],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108617,108618,108619,32,108623,94],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[455,108620,108621],{"href":98377},[15,108622,103036],{},[455,108624,108626],{"href":108625},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108627,103027],{},[149,108629,108631],{"id":108630},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108633,108634],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,108636,108638],{"className":40,"code":108637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108639,108640,108674,108678,108694,108698,108717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108641,108642,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108670,108672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108643,108644],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108646,58],{"class":57},[47,108648,10665],{"class":86},[47,108650,102],{"class":61},[47,108652,37223],{"class":65},[47,108654,102],{"class":61},[47,108656,309],{"class":86},[47,108658,62],{"class":61},[47,108660,58297],{"class":65},[47,108662,102],{"class":61},[47,108664,309],{"class":86},[47,108666,62],{"class":61},[47,108668,108669],{"class":65},"rabbit",[47,108671,102],{"class":61},[47,108673,9483],{"class":86},[47,108675,108676],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108677,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108679,108680,108683,108685,108688,108690,108692],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108681,108682],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108684,58],{"class":57},[47,108686,108687],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108689,94],{"class":86},[47,108691,26419],{"class":90},[47,108693,8817],{"class":86},[47,108695,108696],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108697,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108699,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108715],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108701,83],{"class":82},[47,108703,87],{"class":86},[47,108705,102],{"class":61},[47,108707,29133],{"class":65},[47,108709,102],{"class":61},[47,108711,309],{"class":86},[47,108713,108714],{"class":90}," removed_animal",[47,108716,286],{"class":86},[47,108718,108719,108721,108723,108725,108728,108730,108732,108734],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,108720,83],{"class":82},[47,108722,87],{"class":86},[47,108724,102],{"class":61},[47,108726,108727],{"class":65},"Updated set:",[47,108729,102],{"class":61},[47,108731,309],{"class":86},[47,108733,108687],{"class":90},[47,108735,286],{"class":86},[20,108737,30206],{},[38,108739,108741],{"className":40,"code":108740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108742,108743,108752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108744,108745,108747,108749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108746,29175],{"class":53},[47,108748,3062],{"class":86},[47,108750,108751],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,108753,108754,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108755,108756],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,108758,6467],{"class":1570},[47,108760,3062],{"class":86},[47,108762,10665],{"class":86},[47,108764,3479],{"class":61},[47,108766,37223],{"class":65},[47,108768,3479],{"class":61},[47,108770,309],{"class":86},[47,108772,3474],{"class":61},[47,108774,108669],{"class":65},[47,108776,3479],{"class":61},[47,108778,9483],{"class":86},[20,108780,108781],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[149,108783,108785],{"id":108784},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108787,1519,108788,108790,108791,94],{},[15,108789,12940],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108792,19866],{},[20,108794,183],{},[38,108796,108798],{"className":40,"code":108797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108799,108800,108810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108801,108802,108804,108806,108808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108803,7955],{"class":53},[47,108805,58],{"class":57},[47,108807,15813],{"class":1570},[47,108809,8817],{"class":86},[47,108811,108812,108814,108816,108818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108813,7986],{"class":53},[47,108815,94],{"class":86},[47,108817,26419],{"class":90},[47,108819,8817],{"class":86},[20,108821,108822],{},"This raises:",[38,108824,108826],{"className":40,"code":108825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108827,108828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108829,108830,108832,108834,108836,108839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108831,19866],{"class":1570},[47,108833,3062],{"class":86},[47,108835,3474],{"class":61},[47,108837,108838],{"class":65},"pop from an empty set",[47,108840,29876],{"class":61},[20,108842,108843,108844,108847],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[455,108845,108846],{"href":11249},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[469,108849,108851,108852],{"id":108850},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108853,12940],{},[20,108855,108856],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,108858,108860],{"className":40,"code":108859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108861,108862,108872,108876,108884,108899,108918,108924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108863,108864,108866,108868,108870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108865,7955],{"class":53},[47,108867,58],{"class":57},[47,108869,15813],{"class":1570},[47,108871,8817],{"class":86},[47,108873,108874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108875,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108877,108878,108880,108882],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108879,723],{"class":752},[47,108881,6145],{"class":53},[47,108883,795],{"class":86},[47,108885,108886,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108887,108888],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108890,58],{"class":57},[47,108892,6145],{"class":53},[47,108894,94],{"class":86},[47,108896,26419],{"class":90},[47,108898,8817],{"class":86},[47,108900,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108916],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108902,776],{"class":82},[47,108904,87],{"class":86},[47,108906,102],{"class":61},[47,108908,29133],{"class":65},[47,108910,102],{"class":61},[47,108912,309],{"class":86},[47,108914,108915],{"class":90}," removed",[47,108917,286],{"class":86},[47,108919,108920,108922],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,108921,792],{"class":752},[47,108923,795],{"class":86},[47,108925,108926,108928,108930,108932,108935,108937],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,108927,776],{"class":82},[47,108929,87],{"class":86},[47,108931,102],{"class":61},[47,108933,108934],{"class":65},"The set is empty.",[47,108936,102],{"class":61},[47,108938,286],{"class":86},[469,108940,144,108942,837,108944],{"id":108941},"use-try-and-except",[15,108943,29980],{},[15,108945,30011],{},[20,108947,108948],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,108950,108952],{"className":40,"code":108951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108953,108954,108964,108968,108974,108988,109006,109014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108957,7955],{"class":53},[47,108959,58],{"class":57},[47,108961,15813],{"class":1570},[47,108963,8817],{"class":86},[47,108965,108966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108967,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,108969,108970,108972],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,108971,29980],{"class":752},[47,108973,795],{"class":86},[47,108975,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,108977,108888],{"class":53},[47,108979,58],{"class":57},[47,108981,6145],{"class":53},[47,108983,94],{"class":86},[47,108985,26419],{"class":90},[47,108987,8817],{"class":86},[47,108989,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,108991,776],{"class":82},[47,108993,87],{"class":86},[47,108995,102],{"class":61},[47,108997,29133],{"class":65},[47,108999,102],{"class":61},[47,109001,309],{"class":86},[47,109003,108915],{"class":90},[47,109005,286],{"class":86},[47,109007,109008,109010,109012],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,109009,30011],{"class":752},[47,109011,30014],{"class":1570},[47,109013,795],{"class":86},[47,109015,109016,109018,109020,109022,109025,109027],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,109017,776],{"class":82},[47,109019,87],{"class":86},[47,109021,102],{"class":61},[47,109023,109024],{"class":65},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,109026,102],{"class":61},[47,109028,286],{"class":86},[149,109030,1321,109032,10760,109034,10760,109036],{"id":109031},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109033,12940],{},[15,109035,55698],{},[15,109037,103022],{},[20,109039,109040],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[469,109042,144,109044],{"id":109043},"use-pop",[15,109045,12940],{},[20,109047,144,109048,10776],{},[15,109049,12940],{},[162,109051,109052,109058,109061],{},[165,109053,109054,109055],{},"You want to remove ",[3922,109056,109057],{},"any one item",[165,109059,109060],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[165,109062,109063],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,109065,109067],{"className":40,"code":109066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109068,109069,109089,109103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109072,3798],{"class":53},[47,109074,58],{"class":57},[47,109076,10665],{"class":86},[47,109078,1598],{"class":445},[47,109080,309],{"class":86},[47,109082,1769],{"class":445},[47,109084,309],{"class":86},[47,109086,2630],{"class":445},[47,109088,9483],{"class":86},[47,109090,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109092,1535],{"class":53},[47,109094,58],{"class":57},[47,109096,4444],{"class":53},[47,109098,94],{"class":86},[47,109100,26419],{"class":90},[47,109102,8817],{"class":86},[47,109104,109105,109107,109109,109111],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109106,83],{"class":82},[47,109108,87],{"class":86},[47,109110,1587],{"class":90},[47,109112,286],{"class":86},[469,109114,144,109116],{"id":109115},"use-remove",[15,109117,55698],{},[20,109119,144,109120,10776],{},[15,109121,55698],{},[162,109123,109124,109130],{},[165,109125,109126,109127],{},"You want to delete a ",[3922,109128,109129],{},"specific item",[165,109131,109132],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,109134,109136],{"className":40,"code":109135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109137,109138,109158,109172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109139,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109141,3798],{"class":53},[47,109143,58],{"class":57},[47,109145,10665],{"class":86},[47,109147,1598],{"class":445},[47,109149,309],{"class":86},[47,109151,1769],{"class":445},[47,109153,309],{"class":86},[47,109155,2630],{"class":445},[47,109157,9483],{"class":86},[47,109159,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109161,3830],{"class":53},[47,109163,94],{"class":86},[47,109165,34969],{"class":90},[47,109167,87],{"class":86},[47,109169,2233],{"class":445},[47,109171,286],{"class":86},[47,109173,109174,109176,109178,109180],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109175,83],{"class":82},[47,109177,87],{"class":86},[47,109179,3830],{"class":90},[47,109181,286],{"class":86},[20,109183,109184,109185,109187,109188,109192],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109186,55698],{}," raises an error. See the ",[455,109189,109190,1168],{"href":98377},[15,109191,103036],{}," for details.",[469,109194,144,109196],{"id":109195},"use-discard",[15,109197,103022],{},[20,109199,144,109200,10776],{},[15,109201,103022],{},[162,109203,109204,109208],{},[165,109205,109126,109206],{},[3922,109207,109129],{},[165,109209,109210,109211,109213],{},"You do ",[3922,109212,4813],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,109215,109217],{"className":40,"code":109216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109218,109219,109239,109253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109220,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235,109237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109222,3798],{"class":53},[47,109224,58],{"class":57},[47,109226,10665],{"class":86},[47,109228,1598],{"class":445},[47,109230,309],{"class":86},[47,109232,1769],{"class":445},[47,109234,309],{"class":86},[47,109236,2630],{"class":445},[47,109238,9483],{"class":86},[47,109240,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109242,3830],{"class":53},[47,109244,94],{"class":86},[47,109246,103089],{"class":90},[47,109248,87],{"class":86},[47,109250,2313],{"class":445},[47,109252,286],{"class":86},[47,109254,109255,109257,109259,109261],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109256,83],{"class":82},[47,109258,87],{"class":86},[47,109260,3830],{"class":90},[47,109262,286],{"class":86},[20,109264,109265,109266,109268,109269,109273],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109267,2313],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[455,109270,109271,1168],{"href":108625},[15,109272,103027],{}," for more examples.",[149,109275,1425],{"id":1424},[20,109277,71647,109278,3062],{},[15,109279,108269],{},[162,109281,109282,109288,109293,109298],{},[165,109283,109284,109285],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109286,109287],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[165,109289,8628,109290,109292],{},[15,109291,12940],{}," to remove the first or last item",[165,109294,1519,109295,109297],{},[15,109296,12940],{}," on an empty set",[165,109299,831,109300,109302],{},[15,109301,12940],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109304,62463],{},[38,109306,109308],{"className":40,"code":109307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109309,109310,109320,109334,109348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109311,109312,109314,109316,109318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109313,83],{"class":82},[47,109315,87],{"class":86},[47,109317,15846],{"class":90},[47,109319,286],{"class":86},[47,109321,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109323,83],{"class":82},[47,109325,87],{"class":86},[47,109327,11337],{"class":82},[47,109329,87],{"class":86},[47,109331,15846],{"class":90},[47,109333,1879],{"class":86},[47,109335,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109337,83],{"class":82},[47,109339,87],{"class":86},[47,109341,1872],{"class":1570},[47,109343,87],{"class":86},[47,109345,15846],{"class":90},[47,109347,1879],{"class":86},[47,109349,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,109351,28715],{"class":53},[47,109353,58],{"class":57},[47,109355,97092],{"class":53},[47,109357,94],{"class":86},[47,109359,26419],{"class":90},[47,109361,8817],{"class":86},[20,109363,26186],{},[162,109365,109366,109369,109372,109375],{},[165,109367,109368],{},"What values are in the set",[165,109370,109371],{},"Whether the set is empty",[165,109373,109374],{},"That the object is really a set",[165,109376,109377],{},"What value was actually removed",[149,109379,1962],{"id":1961},[469,109381,1966,109383,109385],{"id":109382},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109384,108269],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109387,109388,109389,109391],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109390,12940],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[469,109393,109395,109396,2037],{"id":109394},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109397,108269],{},[20,109399,109400,109401,109403,109404,109406],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109402,12940],{},", set ",[15,109405,12940],{}," does not accept an index.",[469,109408,109410],{"id":109409},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109412,71816,109413,44802,109415,109417],{},[15,109414,19866],{},[15,109416,12940],{}," is called on an empty set.",[469,109419,109421],{"id":109420},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109423,144,109424,32,109426,11267,109428,94],{},[15,109425,55698],{},[15,109427,103022],{},[15,109429,12940],{},[149,109431,2062],{"id":2061},[162,109433,109434,109438,109444,109450,109454],{},[165,109435,109436],{},[455,109437,96496],{"href":97667},[165,109439,109440],{},[455,109441,96982,109442,1168],{"href":98377},[15,109443,55698],{},[165,109445,109446],{},[455,109447,96982,109448,1168],{"href":108625},[15,109449,103022],{},[165,109451,109452],{},[455,109453,11438],{"href":11249},[165,109455,109456],{},[455,109457,55684],{"href":55236},[2093,109459,109460],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":109462},[109463,109464,109466,109467,109468,109469,109475,109484,109485,109493],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":108389,"depth":72,"text":109465},"What set.pop() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":108527,"depth":72,"text":108528},{"id":108630,"depth":72,"text":108631},{"id":108784,"depth":72,"text":108785,"children":109470},[109471,109473],{"id":108850,"depth":79,"text":109472},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108941,"depth":79,"text":109474},"Use try and except",{"id":109031,"depth":72,"text":109476,"children":109477},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109478,109480,109482],{"id":109043,"depth":79,"text":109479},"Use pop()",{"id":109115,"depth":79,"text":109481},"Use remove()",{"id":109195,"depth":79,"text":109483},"Use discard()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":109486},[109487,109489,109491,109492],{"id":109382,"depth":79,"text":109488},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109394,"depth":79,"text":109490},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109409,"depth":79,"text":109410},{"id":109420,"depth":79,"text":109421},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108257,"description":109494},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109501,"title":109502,"body":109503,"description":110657,"extension":2138,"meta":110658,"navigation":75,"path":110659,"seo":110660,"stem":110661,"__hash__":110662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109504,"toc":110625},[109505,109510,109515,109524,109526,109591,109595,109619,109626,109631,109635,109650,109653,109655,109674,109688,109691,109739,109743,109759,109761,109834,109838,109863,109869,109877,109881,109888,109943,109948,109965,109971,109977,109982,109990,109997,110001,110009,110064,110066,110083,110087,110094,110159,110163,110196,110198,110210,110217,110219,110224,110231,110233,110302,110306,110314,110316,110380,110384,110389,110436,110441,110509,110517,110524,110527,110533,110538,110542,110544,110547,110549,110554,110559,110565,110570,110577,110585,110591,110594,110596,110622],[10,109506,96368,109508,18],{"id":109507},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109509,55698],{},[20,109511,109512,109514],{},[15,109513,103036],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109516,109517,109518,109521,109522,94],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3922,109519,109520],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109523,19866],{},[149,109525,2179],{"id":2178},[38,109527,109529],{"className":40,"code":109528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109530,109531,109563,109581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109532,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109534,13254],{"class":53},[47,109536,58],{"class":57},[47,109538,10665],{"class":86},[47,109540,102],{"class":61},[47,109542,13271],{"class":65},[47,109544,102],{"class":61},[47,109546,309],{"class":86},[47,109548,62],{"class":61},[47,109550,13288],{"class":65},[47,109552,102],{"class":61},[47,109554,309],{"class":86},[47,109556,62],{"class":61},[47,109558,17633],{"class":65},[47,109560,102],{"class":61},[47,109562,9483],{"class":86},[47,109564,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109566,17680],{"class":53},[47,109568,94],{"class":86},[47,109570,34969],{"class":90},[47,109572,87],{"class":86},[47,109574,102],{"class":61},[47,109576,13288],{"class":65},[47,109578,102],{"class":61},[47,109580,286],{"class":86},[47,109582,109583,109585,109587,109589],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109584,83],{"class":82},[47,109586,87],{"class":86},[47,109588,17680],{"class":90},[47,109590,286],{"class":86},[20,109592,109593],{},[3922,109594,30206],{},[38,109596,109597],{"className":40,"code":103716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109598,109599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109600,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109602,9452],{"class":86},[47,109604,3479],{"class":61},[47,109606,13271],{"class":65},[47,109608,3479],{"class":61},[47,109610,309],{"class":86},[47,109612,3474],{"class":61},[47,109614,17633],{"class":65},[47,109616,3479],{"class":61},[47,109618,9483],{"class":86},[20,109620,144,109621,109623,109624,94],{},[15,109622,55698],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109625,19866],{},[149,109627,152,109629,155],{"id":109628},"what-setremove-does",[15,109630,103036],{},[20,109632,109633,3062],{},[15,109634,103036],{},[162,109636,109637,109640,109642,109644],{},[165,109638,109639],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[165,109641,96483],{},[165,109643,96486],{},[165,109645,109646,109647,109649],{},"Raises ",[15,109648,19866],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109651,109652],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[149,109654,261],{"id":260},[38,109656,109658],{"className":40,"code":109657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109659,109660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109663,15846],{"class":53},[47,109665,94],{"class":86},[47,109667,34969],{"class":90},[47,109669,87],{"class":86},[47,109671,1587],{"class":90},[47,109673,286],{"class":86},[162,109675,109676,109680,109685],{},[165,109677,109678,103258],{},[15,109679,15846],{},[165,109681,109682,109684],{},[15,109683,1587],{}," is the item to remove",[165,109686,109687],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109689,109690],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,109692,109693],{"className":40,"code":109135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109694,109695,109715,109729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109696,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109698,3798],{"class":53},[47,109700,58],{"class":57},[47,109702,10665],{"class":86},[47,109704,1598],{"class":445},[47,109706,309],{"class":86},[47,109708,1769],{"class":445},[47,109710,309],{"class":86},[47,109712,2630],{"class":445},[47,109714,9483],{"class":86},[47,109716,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109718,3830],{"class":53},[47,109720,94],{"class":86},[47,109722,34969],{"class":90},[47,109724,87],{"class":86},[47,109726,2233],{"class":445},[47,109728,286],{"class":86},[47,109730,109731,109733,109735,109737],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109732,83],{"class":82},[47,109734,87],{"class":86},[47,109736,3830],{"class":90},[47,109738,286],{"class":86},[20,109740,109741],{},[3922,109742,30206],{},[38,109744,109745],{"className":40,"code":101466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109746,109747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109748,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109750,9452],{"class":86},[47,109752,1598],{"class":445},[47,109754,309],{"class":86},[47,109756,2630],{"class":445},[47,109758,9483],{"class":86},[149,109760,11651],{"id":11650},[38,109762,109764],{"className":40,"code":109763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109765,109766,109798,109802,109820,109824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109767,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109769,36414],{"class":53},[47,109771,58],{"class":57},[47,109773,10665],{"class":86},[47,109775,102],{"class":61},[47,109777,4260],{"class":65},[47,109779,102],{"class":61},[47,109781,309],{"class":86},[47,109783,62],{"class":61},[47,109785,491],{"class":65},[47,109787,102],{"class":61},[47,109789,309],{"class":86},[47,109791,62],{"class":61},[47,109793,33396],{"class":65},[47,109795,102],{"class":61},[47,109797,9483],{"class":86},[47,109799,109800],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109801,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,109803,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,109805,36466],{"class":53},[47,109807,94],{"class":86},[47,109809,34969],{"class":90},[47,109811,87],{"class":86},[47,109813,102],{"class":61},[47,109815,491],{"class":65},[47,109817,102],{"class":61},[47,109819,286],{"class":86},[47,109821,109822],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,109823,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,109825,109826,109828,109830,109832],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,109827,83],{"class":82},[47,109829,87],{"class":86},[47,109831,36466],{"class":90},[47,109833,286],{"class":86},[20,109835,109836],{},[3922,109837,30206],{},[38,109839,109841],{"className":40,"code":109840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109842,109843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109844,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109846,9452],{"class":86},[47,109848,3479],{"class":61},[47,109850,4260],{"class":65},[47,109852,3479],{"class":61},[47,109854,309],{"class":86},[47,109856,3474],{"class":61},[47,109858,33396],{"class":65},[47,109860,3479],{"class":61},[47,109862,9483],{"class":86},[20,109864,109865,109866,109868],{},"This removes ",[15,109867,65442],{}," from the set.",[20,109870,109871,109872,109874,109875,94],{},"A set does ",[3922,109873,4813],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[455,109876,96500],{"href":98051},[149,109878,109880],{"id":109879},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109882,109883,109884,52665,109886,94],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109885,55698],{},[15,109887,19866],{},[38,109889,109891],{"className":40,"code":109890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109892,109893,109925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109896,13254],{"class":53},[47,109898,58],{"class":57},[47,109900,10665],{"class":86},[47,109902,102],{"class":61},[47,109904,13271],{"class":65},[47,109906,102],{"class":61},[47,109908,309],{"class":86},[47,109910,62],{"class":61},[47,109912,13288],{"class":65},[47,109914,102],{"class":61},[47,109916,309],{"class":86},[47,109918,62],{"class":61},[47,109920,17633],{"class":65},[47,109922,102],{"class":61},[47,109924,9483],{"class":86},[47,109926,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109928,17680],{"class":53},[47,109930,94],{"class":86},[47,109932,34969],{"class":90},[47,109934,87],{"class":86},[47,109936,102],{"class":61},[47,109938,22701],{"class":65},[47,109940,102],{"class":61},[47,109942,286],{"class":86},[20,109944,109945],{},[3922,109946,109947],{},"Result:",[38,109949,109951],{"className":40,"code":109950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109952,109953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109956,19866],{"class":1570},[47,109958,3062],{"class":86},[47,109960,3474],{"class":61},[47,109962,22701],{"class":65},[47,109964,29876],{"class":61},[20,109966,22366,109967,109970],{},[15,109968,109969],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109972,109973,109974,109976],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109975,55698],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109978,109979,109980,94],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[455,109981,11438],{"href":11249},[149,109983,4379,109985,109987,109988],{"id":109984},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109986,55698],{}," is different from ",[15,109989,103022],{},[20,109991,109992,837,109994,109996],{},[15,109993,55698],{},[15,109995,103022],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[469,109998,109999],{"id":34969},[15,110000,55698],{},[162,110002,110003,110006],{},[165,110004,110005],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[165,110007,110008],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,110010,110012],{"className":40,"code":110011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110013,110014,110046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110015,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110017,36265],{"class":53},[47,110019,58],{"class":57},[47,110021,10665],{"class":86},[47,110023,102],{"class":61},[47,110025,455],{"class":65},[47,110027,102],{"class":61},[47,110029,309],{"class":86},[47,110031,62],{"class":61},[47,110033,2014],{"class":65},[47,110035,102],{"class":61},[47,110037,309],{"class":86},[47,110039,62],{"class":61},[47,110041,9913],{"class":65},[47,110043,102],{"class":61},[47,110045,9483],{"class":86},[47,110047,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110049,36318],{"class":53},[47,110051,94],{"class":86},[47,110053,34969],{"class":90},[47,110055,87],{"class":86},[47,110057,102],{"class":61},[47,110059,18946],{"class":65},[47,110061,102],{"class":61},[47,110063,286],{"class":86},[20,110065,108822],{},[38,110067,110069],{"className":40,"code":110068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110070,110071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110072,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110074,19866],{"class":1570},[47,110076,3062],{"class":86},[47,110078,3474],{"class":61},[47,110080,18946],{"class":65},[47,110082,29876],{"class":61},[469,110084,110085],{"id":103089},[15,110086,103022],{},[162,110088,110089,110091],{},[165,110090,110005],{},[165,110092,110093],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,110095,110097],{"className":40,"code":110096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110098,110099,110131,110149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110100,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110102,36265],{"class":53},[47,110104,58],{"class":57},[47,110106,10665],{"class":86},[47,110108,102],{"class":61},[47,110110,455],{"class":65},[47,110112,102],{"class":61},[47,110114,309],{"class":86},[47,110116,62],{"class":61},[47,110118,2014],{"class":65},[47,110120,102],{"class":61},[47,110122,309],{"class":86},[47,110124,62],{"class":61},[47,110126,9913],{"class":65},[47,110128,102],{"class":61},[47,110130,9483],{"class":86},[47,110132,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110134,36318],{"class":53},[47,110136,94],{"class":86},[47,110138,103089],{"class":90},[47,110140,87],{"class":86},[47,110142,102],{"class":61},[47,110144,18946],{"class":65},[47,110146,102],{"class":61},[47,110148,286],{"class":86},[47,110150,110151,110153,110155,110157],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110152,83],{"class":82},[47,110154,87],{"class":86},[47,110156,36318],{"class":90},[47,110158,286],{"class":86},[20,110160,110161],{},[3922,110162,814],{},[38,110164,110166],{"className":40,"code":110165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110167,110168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110169,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110171,9452],{"class":86},[47,110173,3479],{"class":61},[47,110175,455],{"class":65},[47,110177,3479],{"class":61},[47,110179,309],{"class":86},[47,110181,3474],{"class":61},[47,110183,2014],{"class":65},[47,110185,3479],{"class":61},[47,110187,309],{"class":86},[47,110189,3474],{"class":61},[47,110191,9913],{"class":65},[47,110193,3479],{"class":61},[47,110195,9483],{"class":86},[20,110197,18873],{},[162,110199,110200,110205],{},[165,110201,110202,110204],{},[15,110203,55698],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[165,110206,110207,110209],{},[15,110208,103022],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110211,110212,110213,94],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[455,110214,96982,110215,1168],{"href":108625},[15,110216,103022],{},[149,110218,4700],{"id":4699},[469,110220,8628,110222,97362],{"id":110221},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110223,55698],{},[20,110225,110226,110228,110229,94],{},[15,110227,55698],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110230,3958],{},[20,110232,1783],{},[38,110234,110236],{"className":40,"code":110235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110237,110238,110270,110292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110239,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110241,13254],{"class":53},[47,110243,58],{"class":57},[47,110245,10665],{"class":86},[47,110247,102],{"class":61},[47,110249,13271],{"class":65},[47,110251,102],{"class":61},[47,110253,309],{"class":86},[47,110255,62],{"class":61},[47,110257,13288],{"class":65},[47,110259,102],{"class":61},[47,110261,309],{"class":86},[47,110263,62],{"class":61},[47,110265,17633],{"class":65},[47,110267,102],{"class":61},[47,110269,9483],{"class":86},[47,110271,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110273,13297],{"class":53},[47,110275,58],{"class":57},[47,110277,13302],{"class":53},[47,110279,94],{"class":86},[47,110281,34969],{"class":90},[47,110283,87],{"class":86},[47,110285,102],{"class":61},[47,110287,13288],{"class":65},[47,110289,102],{"class":61},[47,110291,286],{"class":86},[47,110293,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110295,83],{"class":82},[47,110297,87],{"class":86},[47,110299,13321],{"class":90},[47,110301,286],{"class":86},[20,110303,110304],{},[3922,110305,814],{},[38,110307,110308],{"className":40,"code":11985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110309,110310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110311,110312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110313,11985],{"class":4032},[20,110315,1795],{},[38,110317,110318],{"className":40,"code":109528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110319,110320,110352,110370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110321,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110323,13254],{"class":53},[47,110325,58],{"class":57},[47,110327,10665],{"class":86},[47,110329,102],{"class":61},[47,110331,13271],{"class":65},[47,110333,102],{"class":61},[47,110335,309],{"class":86},[47,110337,62],{"class":61},[47,110339,13288],{"class":65},[47,110341,102],{"class":61},[47,110343,309],{"class":86},[47,110345,62],{"class":61},[47,110347,17633],{"class":65},[47,110349,102],{"class":61},[47,110351,9483],{"class":86},[47,110353,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110355,17680],{"class":53},[47,110357,94],{"class":86},[47,110359,34969],{"class":90},[47,110361,87],{"class":86},[47,110363,102],{"class":61},[47,110365,13288],{"class":65},[47,110367,102],{"class":61},[47,110369,286],{"class":86},[47,110371,110372,110374,110376,110378],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110373,83],{"class":82},[47,110375,87],{"class":86},[47,110377,17680],{"class":90},[47,110379,286],{"class":86},[469,110381,110383],{"id":110382},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110385,110386,110387,94],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110388,19866],{},[38,110390,110392],{"className":40,"code":110391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110393,110394,110418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110395,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110397,13254],{"class":53},[47,110399,58],{"class":57},[47,110401,10665],{"class":86},[47,110403,102],{"class":61},[47,110405,13271],{"class":65},[47,110407,102],{"class":61},[47,110409,309],{"class":86},[47,110411,62],{"class":61},[47,110413,13288],{"class":65},[47,110415,102],{"class":61},[47,110417,9483],{"class":86},[47,110419,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110421,17680],{"class":53},[47,110423,94],{"class":86},[47,110425,34969],{"class":90},[47,110427,87],{"class":86},[47,110429,102],{"class":61},[47,110431,17633],{"class":65},[47,110433,102],{"class":61},[47,110435,286],{"class":86},[20,110437,110438,110439,3062],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110440,1613],{},[38,110442,110444],{"className":40,"code":110443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110445,110446,110470,110474,110490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110447,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110449,13254],{"class":53},[47,110451,58],{"class":57},[47,110453,10665],{"class":86},[47,110455,102],{"class":61},[47,110457,13271],{"class":65},[47,110459,102],{"class":61},[47,110461,309],{"class":86},[47,110463,62],{"class":61},[47,110465,13288],{"class":65},[47,110467,102],{"class":61},[47,110469,9483],{"class":86},[47,110471,110472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110473,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,110475,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110477,723],{"class":752},[47,110479,62],{"class":61},[47,110481,17633],{"class":65},[47,110483,102],{"class":61},[47,110485,1690],{"class":57},[47,110487,13302],{"class":53},[47,110489,795],{"class":86},[47,110491,110492,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,110493,110494],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110496,94],{"class":86},[47,110498,34969],{"class":90},[47,110500,87],{"class":86},[47,110502,102],{"class":61},[47,110504,17633],{"class":65},[47,110506,102],{"class":61},[47,110508,286],{"class":86},[20,110510,110511,110512,110516],{},"Or use ",[455,110513,110514],{"href":108625},[15,110515,103022],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[469,110518,1608,110520,834,110522],{"id":110519},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110521,103036],{},[15,110523,55244],{},[20,110525,110526],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110528,110529,110530,110532],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110531,103036],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110534,110535,110536,94],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[455,110537,99246],{"href":99245},[469,110539,110541],{"id":110540},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110543,108531],{},[20,110545,110546],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[149,110548,1962],{"id":1961},[469,110550,1966,110552,97461],{"id":110551},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110553,103036],{},[20,110555,110556,110557,94],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110558,3958],{},[469,110560,30464,110562,110564],{"id":110561},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110563,103036],{}," raise?",[20,110566,30470,110567,110569],{},[15,110568,19866],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[469,110571,21597,110573,32,110575,2037],{"id":110572},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110574,55698],{},[15,110576,103022],{},[20,110578,144,110579,110581,110582,110584],{},[15,110580,55698],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110583,103022],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[469,110586,1980,110588,110590],{"id":110587},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110589,103036],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110592,110593],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[149,110595,2062],{"id":2061},[162,110597,110598,110604,110610,110614,110618],{},[165,110599,110600],{},[455,110601,96982,110602,1168],{"href":108625},[15,110603,103022],{},[165,110605,110606],{},[455,110607,96982,110608,1168],{"href":98382},[15,110609,12940],{},[165,110611,110612],{},[455,110613,97506],{"href":98051},[165,110615,110616],{},[455,110617,100512],{"href":99245},[165,110619,110620],{},[455,110621,11438],{"href":11249},[2093,110623,110624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":110626},[110627,110628,110630,110631,110632,110633,110638,110646,110656],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":109628,"depth":72,"text":110629},"What set.remove() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":109879,"depth":72,"text":109880},{"id":109984,"depth":72,"text":110634,"children":110635},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110636,110637],{"id":34969,"depth":79,"text":55698},{"id":103089,"depth":79,"text":103022},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":110639},[110640,110642,110643,110645],{"id":110221,"depth":79,"text":110641},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110382,"depth":79,"text":110383},{"id":110519,"depth":79,"text":110644},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110540,"depth":79,"text":110541},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":110647},[110648,110650,110652,110654],{"id":110551,"depth":79,"text":110649},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110561,"depth":79,"text":110651},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110572,"depth":79,"text":110653},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110587,"depth":79,"text":110655},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109502,"description":110657},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110664,"title":110665,"body":110666,"description":112039,"extension":2138,"meta":112040,"navigation":75,"path":112041,"seo":112042,"stem":112043,"__hash__":112044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110667,"toc":112014},[110668,110674,110680,110683,110686,110700,110702,110783,110786,110791,110795,110809,110816,110818,110837,110840,110858,110860,110940,110942,110967,110971,110974,110982,110987,110992,110994,111007,111012,111015,111039,111042,111050,111052,111055,111152,111154,111187,111189,111215,111222,111225,111229,111237,111241,111249,111251,111341,111343,111357,111364,111369,111374,111376,111467,111469,111481,111483,111497,111503,111511,111513,111595,111597,111642,111645,111653,111656,111658,111662,111705,111707,111727,111732,111734,111819,111821,111826,111828,111835,111843,111849,111852,111854,111940,111942,111966,111970,111973,111975,112002,112012],[10,110669,96368,110671,18],{"id":110670},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110672,110673],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110675,110676,110679],{},[15,110677,110678],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110681,110682],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110684,110685],{},"Use it when:",[162,110687,110688,110691,110697],{},[165,110689,110690],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[165,110692,110693,110694,110696],{},"you do ",[3922,110695,4813],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[165,110698,110699],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[149,110701,3788],{"id":3787},[38,110703,110705],{"className":40,"code":110704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110706,110707,110727,110747,110751,110770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110708,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110710,2732],{"class":53},[47,110712,58],{"class":57},[47,110714,10665],{"class":86},[47,110716,1598],{"class":445},[47,110718,309],{"class":86},[47,110720,1769],{"class":445},[47,110722,309],{"class":86},[47,110724,2630],{"class":445},[47,110726,9483],{"class":86},[47,110728,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110730,2760],{"class":53},[47,110732,58],{"class":57},[47,110734,10665],{"class":86},[47,110736,2239],{"class":445},[47,110738,309],{"class":86},[47,110740,912],{"class":445},[47,110742,309],{"class":86},[47,110744,4787],{"class":445},[47,110746,9483],{"class":86},[47,110748,110749],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110750,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,110752,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110764,110766,110768],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,110754,2407],{"class":53},[47,110756,58],{"class":57},[47,110758,57057],{"class":53},[47,110760,94],{"class":86},[47,110762,110763],{"class":90},"symmetric_difference",[47,110765,87],{"class":86},[47,110767,2014],{"class":90},[47,110769,286],{"class":86},[47,110771,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,110773,83],{"class":82},[47,110775,87],{"class":86},[47,110777,2442],{"class":90},[47,110779,1696],{"class":86},[47,110781,110782],{"class":113},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110784,110785],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[149,110787,152,110789,155],{"id":110788},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110790,110673],{},[20,110792,110793,3062],{},[15,110794,110678],{},[162,110796,110797,110800,110803,110806],{},[165,110798,110799],{},"returns a new set",[165,110801,110802],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[165,110804,110805],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[165,110807,110808],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110810,96492,110811,32,110813,94],{},[455,110812,96496],{"href":96495},[455,110814,110815],{"href":96499},"creating a set in Python",[149,110817,261],{"id":260},[38,110819,110821],{"className":40,"code":110820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110822,110823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110824,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110826,100753],{"class":53},[47,110828,94],{"class":86},[47,110830,110763],{"class":90},[47,110832,87],{"class":86},[47,110834,100762],{"class":90},[47,110836,286],{"class":86},[20,110838,110839],{},"Notes:",[162,110841,110842,110847,110852,110855],{},[165,110843,110844,110846],{},[15,110845,100753],{}," must be a set",[165,110848,110849,110851],{},[15,110850,100762],{}," can be any iterable",[165,110853,110854],{},"the result is always a set",[165,110856,110857],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110859,183],{},[38,110861,110863],{"className":40,"code":110862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110864,110865,110886,110907,110911,110930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110866,110867,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110868,110869],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110871,58],{"class":57},[47,110873,10665],{"class":86},[47,110875,1598],{"class":445},[47,110877,309],{"class":86},[47,110879,1769],{"class":445},[47,110881,309],{"class":86},[47,110883,2630],{"class":445},[47,110885,9483],{"class":86},[47,110887,110888,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110889,110890],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110892,58],{"class":57},[47,110894,10665],{"class":86},[47,110896,2239],{"class":445},[47,110898,309],{"class":86},[47,110900,912],{"class":445},[47,110902,309],{"class":86},[47,110904,4787],{"class":445},[47,110906,9483],{"class":86},[47,110908,110909],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,110910,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,110912,110913,110915,110917,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,110914,2407],{"class":53},[47,110916,58],{"class":57},[47,110918,110919],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110921,94],{"class":86},[47,110923,110763],{"class":90},[47,110925,87],{"class":86},[47,110927,100762],{"class":90},[47,110929,286],{"class":86},[47,110931,110932,110934,110936,110938],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,110933,83],{"class":82},[47,110935,87],{"class":86},[47,110937,2442],{"class":90},[47,110939,286],{"class":86},[20,110941,814],{},[38,110943,110945],{"className":40,"code":110944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110946,110947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110948,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110950,9452],{"class":86},[47,110952,1598],{"class":445},[47,110954,309],{"class":86},[47,110956,1769],{"class":445},[47,110958,309],{"class":86},[47,110960,912],{"class":445},[47,110962,309],{"class":86},[47,110964,4787],{"class":445},[47,110966,9483],{"class":86},[149,110968,110970],{"id":110969},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110972,110973],{},"The result includes:",[162,110975,110976,110979],{},[165,110977,110978],{},"items only in the first set",[165,110980,110981],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110983,110984,110985,11258],{},"The result does ",[3922,110986,4813],{},[162,110988,110989],{},[165,110990,110991],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110993,5651],{},[162,110995,110996,111001],{},[165,110997,110998,110999],{},"first set: ",[15,111000,100450],{},[165,111002,111003,111004],{},"second set: ",[15,111005,111006],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111008,4230,111009,111011],{},[15,111010,2239],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111013,111014],{},"The output is:",[38,111016,111017],{"className":40,"code":110944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111018,111019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111020,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111022,9452],{"class":86},[47,111024,1598],{"class":445},[47,111026,309],{"class":86},[47,111028,1769],{"class":445},[47,111030,309],{"class":86},[47,111032,912],{"class":445},[47,111034,309],{"class":86},[47,111036,4787],{"class":445},[47,111038,9483],{"class":86},[20,111040,111041],{},"Also remember:",[162,111043,111044,111047],{},[165,111045,111046],{},"sets are unordered",[165,111048,111049],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[149,111051,11651],{"id":11650},[20,111053,111054],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,111056,111058],{"className":40,"code":111057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111059,111060,111092,111116,111120,111138,111142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111061,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111063,107193],{"class":53},[47,111065,58],{"class":57},[47,111067,10665],{"class":86},[47,111069,102],{"class":61},[47,111071,13271],{"class":65},[47,111073,102],{"class":61},[47,111075,309],{"class":86},[47,111077,62],{"class":61},[47,111079,13288],{"class":65},[47,111081,102],{"class":61},[47,111083,309],{"class":86},[47,111085,62],{"class":61},[47,111087,17633],{"class":65},[47,111089,102],{"class":61},[47,111091,9483],{"class":86},[47,111093,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111095,107226],{"class":53},[47,111097,58],{"class":57},[47,111099,10665],{"class":86},[47,111101,102],{"class":61},[47,111103,17633],{"class":65},[47,111105,102],{"class":61},[47,111107,309],{"class":86},[47,111109,62],{"class":61},[47,111111,22701],{"class":65},[47,111113,102],{"class":61},[47,111115,9483],{"class":86},[47,111117,111118],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111119,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111121,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111123,2407],{"class":53},[47,111125,58],{"class":57},[47,111127,107268],{"class":53},[47,111129,94],{"class":86},[47,111131,110763],{"class":90},[47,111133,87],{"class":86},[47,111135,107277],{"class":90},[47,111137,286],{"class":86},[47,111139,111140],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111141,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111143,111144,111146,111148,111150],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,111145,83],{"class":82},[47,111147,87],{"class":86},[47,111149,2442],{"class":90},[47,111151,286],{"class":86},[20,111153,814],{},[38,111155,111157],{"className":40,"code":111156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111158,111159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111160,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111162,9452],{"class":86},[47,111164,3479],{"class":61},[47,111166,13271],{"class":65},[47,111168,3479],{"class":61},[47,111170,309],{"class":86},[47,111172,3474],{"class":61},[47,111174,13288],{"class":65},[47,111176,3479],{"class":61},[47,111178,309],{"class":86},[47,111180,3474],{"class":61},[47,111182,22701],{"class":65},[47,111184,3479],{"class":61},[47,111186,9483],{"class":86},[20,111188,13588],{},[162,111190,111191,111196,111207],{},[165,111192,111193,111195],{},[15,111194,96661],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[165,111197,111198,837,111200,111203,111204,111206],{},[15,111199,65560],{},[15,111201,111202],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111205,107330],{},", so they stay",[165,111208,111209,111211,111212,111214],{},[15,111210,109969],{}," is only in ",[15,111213,107277],{},", so it stays",[149,111216,111218,10760,111220],{"id":111217},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111219,110673],{},[15,111221,100582],{},[20,111223,111224],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111226,111227,3062],{},[15,111228,100582],{},[162,111230,111231,111234],{},[165,111232,111233],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[165,111235,111236],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111238,111239,3062],{},[15,111240,110673],{},[162,111242,111243,111246],{},[165,111244,111245],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[165,111247,111248],{},"removes shared items",[20,111250,183],{},[38,111252,111254],{"className":40,"code":111253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111255,111256,111276,111296,111300,111321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111259,2732],{"class":53},[47,111261,58],{"class":57},[47,111263,10665],{"class":86},[47,111265,1598],{"class":445},[47,111267,309],{"class":86},[47,111269,1769],{"class":445},[47,111271,309],{"class":86},[47,111273,2630],{"class":445},[47,111275,9483],{"class":86},[47,111277,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111279,2760],{"class":53},[47,111281,58],{"class":57},[47,111283,10665],{"class":86},[47,111285,2239],{"class":445},[47,111287,309],{"class":86},[47,111289,912],{"class":445},[47,111291,309],{"class":86},[47,111293,4787],{"class":445},[47,111295,9483],{"class":86},[47,111297,111298],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111299,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111303,83],{"class":82},[47,111305,87],{"class":86},[47,111307,455],{"class":90},[47,111309,94],{"class":86},[47,111311,2990],{"class":90},[47,111313,87],{"class":86},[47,111315,2014],{"class":90},[47,111317,110],{"class":86},[47,111319,111320],{"class":113},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111322,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111324,83],{"class":82},[47,111326,87],{"class":86},[47,111328,455],{"class":90},[47,111330,94],{"class":86},[47,111332,110763],{"class":90},[47,111334,87],{"class":86},[47,111336,2014],{"class":90},[47,111338,110],{"class":86},[47,111340,110782],{"class":113},[20,111342,18873],{},[162,111344,111345,111352],{},[165,111346,111347,111351],{},[455,111348,111349],{"href":103008},[15,111350,100582],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[165,111353,111354,111356],{},[15,111355,110673],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[149,111358,111360,10760,111362],{"id":111359},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111361,110673],{},[15,111363,102967],{},[20,111365,111366,111368],{},[15,111367,102967],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111370,111371,111373],{},[15,111372,110673],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111375,183],{},[38,111377,111379],{"className":40,"code":111378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111380,111381,111401,111421,111425,111447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111382,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111384,2732],{"class":53},[47,111386,58],{"class":57},[47,111388,10665],{"class":86},[47,111390,1598],{"class":445},[47,111392,309],{"class":86},[47,111394,1769],{"class":445},[47,111396,309],{"class":86},[47,111398,2630],{"class":445},[47,111400,9483],{"class":86},[47,111402,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111404,2760],{"class":53},[47,111406,58],{"class":57},[47,111408,10665],{"class":86},[47,111410,2239],{"class":445},[47,111412,309],{"class":86},[47,111414,912],{"class":445},[47,111416,309],{"class":86},[47,111418,4787],{"class":445},[47,111420,9483],{"class":86},[47,111422,111423],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111424,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111426,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111438,111440,111442,111444],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111428,83],{"class":82},[47,111430,87],{"class":86},[47,111432,455],{"class":90},[47,111434,94],{"class":86},[47,111436,111437],{"class":90},"union",[47,111439,87],{"class":86},[47,111441,2014],{"class":90},[47,111443,110],{"class":86},[47,111445,111446],{"class":113},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111448,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111450,83],{"class":82},[47,111452,87],{"class":86},[47,111454,455],{"class":90},[47,111456,94],{"class":86},[47,111458,110763],{"class":90},[47,111460,87],{"class":86},[47,111462,2014],{"class":90},[47,111464,110],{"class":86},[47,111466,110782],{"class":113},[20,111468,27399],{},[162,111470,111471,111476],{},[165,111472,111473,111475],{},[15,111474,102967],{}," includes everything",[165,111477,111478,111480],{},[15,111479,110673],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111482,18873],{},[162,111484,111485,111492],{},[165,111486,111487,111491],{},[455,111488,111489],{"href":107898},[15,111490,102967],{}," when overlap does not matter",[165,111493,111494,111496],{},[15,111495,110673],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[149,111498,36788,111500,101766],{"id":111499},"using-the-operator",[15,111501,111502],{},"^",[20,111504,111505,111506,111508,111509,94],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111507,111502],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111510,110673],{},[20,111512,183],{},[38,111514,111516],{"className":40,"code":111515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111517,111518,111538,111558,111562,111580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111519,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111521,110869],{"class":53},[47,111523,58],{"class":57},[47,111525,10665],{"class":86},[47,111527,1598],{"class":445},[47,111529,309],{"class":86},[47,111531,1769],{"class":445},[47,111533,309],{"class":86},[47,111535,2630],{"class":445},[47,111537,9483],{"class":86},[47,111539,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111541,110890],{"class":53},[47,111543,58],{"class":57},[47,111545,10665],{"class":86},[47,111547,2239],{"class":445},[47,111549,309],{"class":86},[47,111551,912],{"class":445},[47,111553,309],{"class":86},[47,111555,4787],{"class":445},[47,111557,9483],{"class":86},[47,111559,111560],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111561,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111563,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111565,83],{"class":82},[47,111567,87],{"class":86},[47,111569,100753],{"class":90},[47,111571,94],{"class":86},[47,111573,110763],{"class":90},[47,111575,87],{"class":86},[47,111577,100762],{"class":90},[47,111579,1879],{"class":86},[47,111581,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111593],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111583,83],{"class":82},[47,111585,87],{"class":86},[47,111587,110869],{"class":90},[47,111589,111502],{"class":57},[47,111591,111592],{"class":90}," set2",[47,111594,286],{"class":86},[20,111596,30206],{},[38,111598,111600],{"className":40,"code":111599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111601,111602,111622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111603,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111605,9452],{"class":86},[47,111607,1598],{"class":445},[47,111609,309],{"class":86},[47,111611,1769],{"class":445},[47,111613,309],{"class":86},[47,111615,912],{"class":445},[47,111617,309],{"class":86},[47,111619,4787],{"class":445},[47,111621,9483],{"class":86},[47,111623,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636,111638,111640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111625,9452],{"class":86},[47,111627,1598],{"class":445},[47,111629,309],{"class":86},[47,111631,1769],{"class":445},[47,111633,309],{"class":86},[47,111635,912],{"class":445},[47,111637,309],{"class":86},[47,111639,4787],{"class":445},[47,111641,9483],{"class":86},[20,111643,111644],{},"Both forms:",[162,111646,111647,111650],{},[165,111648,111649],{},"return a new set",[165,111651,111652],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111654,111655],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[149,111657,4700],{"id":4699},[20,111659,21388,111660,3062],{},[15,111661,110673],{},[162,111663,111664,111672,111682,111697],{},[165,111665,111666,111669,111671],{},[3922,111667,111668],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10020,111670],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[165,111673,111674,111677,111679,111681],{},[3922,111675,111676],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10020,111678],{},[15,111680,110673],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[165,111683,111684,111689,111691,111693,111694,111696],{},[3922,111685,111686,111687],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111688,100582],{},[10020,111690],{},[15,111692,100582],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111695,110673],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[165,111698,111699,111702,111704],{},[3922,111700,111701],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10020,111703],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111706,59032],{},[162,111708,111709,111718,111721,111724],{},[165,111710,50663,111711,44802,111713,111717],{},[15,111712,110673],{},[455,111714,111715],{"href":107898},[15,111716,102967],{}," is actually needed",[165,111719,111720],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[165,111722,111723],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[165,111725,111726],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111728,111729,111730,94],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[455,111731,99246],{"href":105511},[20,111733,62463],{},[38,111735,111737],{"className":40,"code":111736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111738,111739,111749,111759,111777,111791,111805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111740,111741,111743,111745,111747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111742,83],{"class":82},[47,111744,87],{"class":86},[47,111746,100753],{"class":90},[47,111748,286],{"class":86},[47,111750,111751,111753,111755,111757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111752,83],{"class":82},[47,111754,87],{"class":86},[47,111756,100762],{"class":90},[47,111758,286],{"class":86},[47,111760,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111762,83],{"class":82},[47,111764,87],{"class":86},[47,111766,100753],{"class":90},[47,111768,94],{"class":86},[47,111770,110763],{"class":90},[47,111772,87],{"class":86},[47,111774,100762],{"class":90},[47,111776,1879],{"class":86},[47,111778,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111780,83],{"class":82},[47,111782,87],{"class":86},[47,111784,110869],{"class":90},[47,111786,111502],{"class":57},[47,111788,111592],{"class":90},[47,111790,286],{"class":86},[47,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111794,83],{"class":82},[47,111796,87],{"class":86},[47,111798,1872],{"class":1570},[47,111800,87],{"class":86},[47,111802,100753],{"class":90},[47,111804,1879],{"class":86},[47,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,111808,83],{"class":82},[47,111810,87],{"class":86},[47,111812,1872],{"class":1570},[47,111814,87],{"class":86},[47,111816,100762],{"class":90},[47,111818,1879],{"class":86},[149,111820,1962],{"id":1961},[469,111822,1966,111824,102907],{"id":111823},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111825,110673],{},[20,111827,102910],{},[469,111829,2032,111831,837,111833,2037],{"id":111830},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111832,110673],{},[15,111834,100582],{},[20,111836,111837,111839,111840,111842],{},[15,111838,100582],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111841,110673],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[469,111844,2049,111846,111848],{"id":111845},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111847,110673],{}," with lists?",[20,111850,111851],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111853,183],{},[38,111855,111857],{"className":40,"code":111856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111858,111859,111879,111899,111903,111930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111860,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111862,80823],{"class":53},[47,111864,58],{"class":57},[47,111866,3803],{"class":86},[47,111868,1598],{"class":445},[47,111870,309],{"class":86},[47,111872,1769],{"class":445},[47,111874,309],{"class":86},[47,111876,2630],{"class":445},[47,111878,3816],{"class":86},[47,111880,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111882,80844],{"class":53},[47,111884,58],{"class":57},[47,111886,3803],{"class":86},[47,111888,2239],{"class":445},[47,111890,309],{"class":86},[47,111892,912],{"class":445},[47,111894,309],{"class":86},[47,111896,4787],{"class":445},[47,111898,3816],{"class":86},[47,111900,111901],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,111902,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,111904,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,111906,2407],{"class":53},[47,111908,58],{"class":57},[47,111910,15813],{"class":1570},[47,111912,87],{"class":86},[47,111914,111915],{"class":90},"list1",[47,111917,8807],{"class":86},[47,111919,110763],{"class":90},[47,111921,87],{"class":86},[47,111923,6467],{"class":1570},[47,111925,87],{"class":86},[47,111927,81110],{"class":90},[47,111929,1879],{"class":86},[47,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,111933,83],{"class":82},[47,111935,87],{"class":86},[47,111937,2442],{"class":90},[47,111939,286],{"class":86},[20,111941,814],{},[38,111943,111944],{"className":40,"code":110944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111945,111946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111947,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111949,9452],{"class":86},[47,111951,1598],{"class":445},[47,111953,309],{"class":86},[47,111955,1769],{"class":445},[47,111957,309],{"class":86},[47,111959,912],{"class":445},[47,111961,309],{"class":86},[47,111963,4787],{"class":445},[47,111965,9483],{"class":86},[469,111967,111969],{"id":111968},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111971,111972],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[149,111974,2062],{"id":2061},[162,111976,111977,111981,111986,111992,111998],{},[165,111978,111979],{},[455,111980,96496],{"href":96495},[165,111982,111983],{},[455,111984,111985],{"href":96499},"Creating a set in Python",[165,111987,111988],{},[455,111989,96982,111990,1168],{"href":103008},[15,111991,100582],{},[165,111993,111994],{},[455,111995,96982,111996,1168],{"href":107898},[15,111997,102967],{},[165,111999,112000],{},[455,112001,100512],{"href":105511},[20,112003,112004,112005,2366,112007,17251,112009,112011],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112006,100582],{},[15,112008,102967],{},[15,112010,110673],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2093,112013,57411],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":112015},[112016,112017,112019,112020,112021,112022,112024,112026,112028,112029,112038],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":110788,"depth":72,"text":112018},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":110969,"depth":72,"text":110970},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":111217,"depth":72,"text":112023},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111359,"depth":72,"text":112025},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111499,"depth":72,"text":112027},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":112030},[112031,112033,112035,112037],{"id":111823,"depth":79,"text":112032},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111830,"depth":79,"text":112034},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111845,"depth":79,"text":112036},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111968,"depth":79,"text":111969},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110665,"description":112039},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112046,"title":112047,"body":112048,"description":114111,"extension":2138,"meta":114112,"navigation":75,"path":107898,"seo":114113,"stem":114114,"__hash__":114115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112049,"toc":114070},[112050,112055,112060,112063,112076,112078,112160,112165,112170,112174,112186,112189,112193,112195,112222,112224,112235,112238,112307,112309,112315,112318,112328,112330,112419,112424,112426,112433,112436,112438,112441,112561,112563,112632,112635,112652,112657,112660,112776,112778,112807,112810,112816,112821,112825,112906,112908,112936,112941,112945,113040,113042,113083,113087,113090,113157,113159,113200,113206,113221,113228,113235,113239,113245,113331,113335,113343,113414,113419,113426,113428,113434,113436,113501,113503,113519,113524,113527,113596,113600,113603,113662,113665,113669,113722,113735,113738,113791,113795,113797,113828,113831,113836,113889,113893,113896,113917,113929,113931,113984,113986,113991,113993,113999,114002,114008,114013,114017,114020,114028,114037,114039,114067],[10,112051,3755,112053,18],{"id":112052},"python-setunion-method",[15,112054,108211],{},[20,112056,112057,112059],{},[15,112058,108211],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112061,112062],{},"It is useful when you want:",[162,112064,112065,112068,112073],{},[165,112066,112067],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[165,112069,2732,112070,112072],{},[3922,112071,100937],{}," as the result",[165,112074,112075],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[149,112077,2179],{"id":2178},[38,112079,112081],{"className":40,"code":112080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112082,112083,112103,112123,112127,112145,112155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112084,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112086,110869],{"class":53},[47,112088,58],{"class":57},[47,112090,10665],{"class":86},[47,112092,1598],{"class":445},[47,112094,309],{"class":86},[47,112096,1769],{"class":445},[47,112098,309],{"class":86},[47,112100,2630],{"class":445},[47,112102,9483],{"class":86},[47,112104,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112106,110890],{"class":53},[47,112108,58],{"class":57},[47,112110,10665],{"class":86},[47,112112,2239],{"class":445},[47,112114,309],{"class":86},[47,112116,912],{"class":445},[47,112118,309],{"class":86},[47,112120,4787],{"class":445},[47,112122,9483],{"class":86},[47,112124,112125],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112126,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112128,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112130,2407],{"class":53},[47,112132,58],{"class":57},[47,112134,110919],{"class":53},[47,112136,94],{"class":86},[47,112138,111437],{"class":90},[47,112140,87],{"class":86},[47,112142,100762],{"class":90},[47,112144,286],{"class":86},[47,112146,112147,112149,112151,112153],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112148,83],{"class":82},[47,112150,87],{"class":86},[47,112152,2442],{"class":90},[47,112154,286],{"class":86},[47,112156,112157],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,112158,112159],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112161,112162,112164],{},[15,112163,102967],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[149,112166,152,112168,155],{"id":112167},"what-setunion-does",[15,112169,108211],{},[20,112171,112172,3062],{},[15,112173,108211],{},[162,112175,112176,112179,112182,112184],{},[165,112177,112178],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[165,112180,112181],{},"keeps only unique values",[165,112183,110799],{},[165,112185,110808],{},[20,112187,112188],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112190,96492,112191,94],{},[455,112192,96496],{"href":97667},[149,112194,261],{"id":260},[38,112196,112198],{"className":40,"code":112197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112199,112200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112201,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112203,100753],{"class":53},[47,112205,94],{"class":86},[47,112207,111437],{"class":90},[47,112209,87],{"class":86},[47,112211,100762],{"class":90},[47,112213,309],{"class":86},[47,112215,100789],{"class":90},[47,112217,309],{"class":86},[47,112219,34630],{"class":82},[47,112221,286],{"class":86},[20,112223,13230],{},[162,112225,112226,112229,112232],{},[165,112227,112228],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[165,112230,112231],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[165,112233,112234],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112236,112237],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,112239,112241],{"className":40,"code":112240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112242,112243,112259,112275,112279,112297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112246,2732],{"class":53},[47,112248,58],{"class":57},[47,112250,10665],{"class":86},[47,112252,1598],{"class":445},[47,112254,309],{"class":86},[47,112256,1769],{"class":445},[47,112258,9483],{"class":86},[47,112260,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112262,2760],{"class":53},[47,112264,58],{"class":57},[47,112266,10665],{"class":86},[47,112268,2233],{"class":445},[47,112270,309],{"class":86},[47,112272,2630],{"class":445},[47,112274,9483],{"class":86},[47,112276,112277],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112278,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112280,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112282,2407],{"class":53},[47,112284,58],{"class":57},[47,112286,57057],{"class":53},[47,112288,94],{"class":86},[47,112290,111437],{"class":90},[47,112292,87],{"class":86},[47,112294,2014],{"class":90},[47,112296,286],{"class":86},[47,112298,112299,112301,112303,112305],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112300,83],{"class":82},[47,112302,87],{"class":86},[47,112304,2442],{"class":90},[47,112306,286],{"class":86},[149,112308,22147],{"id":22146},[20,112310,112311,100934,112313,94],{},[15,112312,108211],{},[3922,112314,100937],{},[20,112316,112317],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[162,112319,112320,112323],{},[165,112321,112322],{},"the original set",[165,112324,112325,112326],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112327,102967],{},[20,112329,183],{},[38,112331,112333],{"className":40,"code":112332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112334,112335,112351,112367,112371,112389,112393,112406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112336,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112338,2732],{"class":53},[47,112340,58],{"class":57},[47,112342,10665],{"class":86},[47,112344,1598],{"class":445},[47,112346,309],{"class":86},[47,112348,1769],{"class":445},[47,112350,9483],{"class":86},[47,112352,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112354,2760],{"class":53},[47,112356,58],{"class":57},[47,112358,10665],{"class":86},[47,112360,2233],{"class":445},[47,112362,309],{"class":86},[47,112364,2630],{"class":445},[47,112366,9483],{"class":86},[47,112368,112369],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112370,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112372,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112374,2407],{"class":53},[47,112376,58],{"class":57},[47,112378,57057],{"class":53},[47,112380,94],{"class":86},[47,112382,111437],{"class":90},[47,112384,87],{"class":86},[47,112386,2014],{"class":90},[47,112388,286],{"class":86},[47,112390,112391],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112392,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112394,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,112396,83],{"class":82},[47,112398,87],{"class":86},[47,112400,2442],{"class":90},[47,112402,1696],{"class":86},[47,112404,112405],{"class":113},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112407,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,112409,83],{"class":82},[47,112411,87],{"class":86},[47,112413,455],{"class":90},[47,112415,1696],{"class":86},[47,112417,112418],{"class":113},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112420,2464,112421,112423],{},[15,112422,455],{}," did not change.",[20,112425,111041],{},[162,112427,112428,112430],{},[165,112429,111046],{},[165,112431,112432],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112434,112435],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[149,112437,11651],{"id":11650},[20,112439,112440],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,112442,112444],{"className":40,"code":112443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112445,112446,112479,112512,112516,112536,112540,112550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112447,112448,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112449,112450],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112452,58],{"class":57},[47,112454,10665],{"class":86},[47,112456,102],{"class":61},[47,112458,4260],{"class":65},[47,112460,102],{"class":61},[47,112462,309],{"class":86},[47,112464,62],{"class":61},[47,112466,491],{"class":65},[47,112468,102],{"class":61},[47,112470,309],{"class":86},[47,112472,62],{"class":61},[47,112474,33396],{"class":65},[47,112476,102],{"class":61},[47,112478,9483],{"class":86},[47,112480,112481,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112482,112483],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112485,58],{"class":57},[47,112487,10665],{"class":86},[47,112489,102],{"class":61},[47,112491,491],{"class":65},[47,112493,102],{"class":61},[47,112495,309],{"class":86},[47,112497,62],{"class":61},[47,112499,22710],{"class":65},[47,112501,102],{"class":61},[47,112503,309],{"class":86},[47,112505,62],{"class":61},[47,112507,33396],{"class":65},[47,112509,102],{"class":61},[47,112511,9483],{"class":86},[47,112513,112514],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112515,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112517,112518,112520,112522,112525,112527,112529,112531,112534],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112519,2407],{"class":53},[47,112521,58],{"class":57},[47,112523,112524],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112526,94],{"class":86},[47,112528,111437],{"class":90},[47,112530,87],{"class":86},[47,112532,112533],{"class":90},"fruits2",[47,112535,286],{"class":86},[47,112537,112538],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112539,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112541,112542,112544,112546,112548],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,112543,83],{"class":82},[47,112545,87],{"class":86},[47,112547,2442],{"class":90},[47,112549,286],{"class":86},[47,112551,112552,112554,112556,112559],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,112553,83],{"class":82},[47,112555,87],{"class":86},[47,112557,112558],{"class":90},"fruits1",[47,112560,286],{"class":86},[20,112562,30206],{},[38,112564,112566],{"className":40,"code":112565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112567,112568,112604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112569,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112571,9452],{"class":86},[47,112573,3479],{"class":61},[47,112575,491],{"class":65},[47,112577,3479],{"class":61},[47,112579,309],{"class":86},[47,112581,3474],{"class":61},[47,112583,33396],{"class":65},[47,112585,3479],{"class":61},[47,112587,309],{"class":86},[47,112589,3474],{"class":61},[47,112591,4260],{"class":65},[47,112593,3479],{"class":61},[47,112595,309],{"class":86},[47,112597,3474],{"class":61},[47,112599,22710],{"class":65},[47,112601,3479],{"class":61},[47,112603,9483],{"class":86},[47,112605,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112607,9452],{"class":86},[47,112609,3479],{"class":61},[47,112611,491],{"class":65},[47,112613,3479],{"class":61},[47,112615,309],{"class":86},[47,112617,3474],{"class":61},[47,112619,33396],{"class":65},[47,112621,3479],{"class":61},[47,112623,309],{"class":86},[47,112625,3474],{"class":61},[47,112627,4260],{"class":65},[47,112629,3479],{"class":61},[47,112631,9483],{"class":86},[20,112633,112634],{},"What this shows:",[162,112636,112637,112644,112647],{},[165,112638,112639,837,112641,112643],{},[15,112640,65442],{},[15,112642,65869],{}," appear in both sets",[165,112645,112646],{},"they appear only once in the result",[165,112648,112649,112651],{},[15,112650,112558],{}," stays unchanged",[149,112653,831,112655,101326],{"id":112654},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112656,102967],{},[20,112658,112659],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,112661,112663],{"className":40,"code":112662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112664,112665,112681,112697,112714,112731,112735,112762,112766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112666,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112668,110869],{"class":53},[47,112670,58],{"class":57},[47,112672,10665],{"class":86},[47,112674,1598],{"class":445},[47,112676,309],{"class":86},[47,112678,1769],{"class":445},[47,112680,9483],{"class":86},[47,112682,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112684,110890],{"class":53},[47,112686,58],{"class":57},[47,112688,10665],{"class":86},[47,112690,2233],{"class":445},[47,112692,309],{"class":86},[47,112694,2630],{"class":445},[47,112696,9483],{"class":86},[47,112698,112699,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112700,112701],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112703,58],{"class":57},[47,112705,10665],{"class":86},[47,112707,2239],{"class":445},[47,112709,309],{"class":86},[47,112711,912],{"class":445},[47,112713,9483],{"class":86},[47,112715,112716,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112717,112718],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112720,58],{"class":57},[47,112722,10665],{"class":86},[47,112724,2682],{"class":445},[47,112726,309],{"class":86},[47,112728,4787],{"class":445},[47,112730,9483],{"class":86},[47,112732,112733],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112734,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112736,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112760],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,112738,2407],{"class":53},[47,112740,58],{"class":57},[47,112742,110919],{"class":53},[47,112744,94],{"class":86},[47,112746,111437],{"class":90},[47,112748,87],{"class":86},[47,112750,100762],{"class":90},[47,112752,309],{"class":86},[47,112754,100789],{"class":90},[47,112756,309],{"class":86},[47,112758,112759],{"class":90}," set4",[47,112761,286],{"class":86},[47,112763,112764],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,112765,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,112769,83],{"class":82},[47,112771,87],{"class":86},[47,112773,2442],{"class":90},[47,112775,286],{"class":86},[20,112777,30206],{},[38,112779,112781],{"className":40,"code":112780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112782,112783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112784,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112786,9452],{"class":86},[47,112788,1598],{"class":445},[47,112790,309],{"class":86},[47,112792,1769],{"class":445},[47,112794,309],{"class":86},[47,112796,2630],{"class":445},[47,112798,309],{"class":86},[47,112800,912],{"class":445},[47,112802,309],{"class":86},[47,112804,4787],{"class":445},[47,112806,9483],{"class":86},[20,112808,112809],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[149,112811,831,112813,112815],{"id":112812},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112814,102967],{}," with other iterables",[20,112817,112818,112820],{},[15,112819,102967],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[469,112822,112824],{"id":112823},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,112826,112828],{"className":40,"code":112827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112829,112830,112850,112874,112878,112896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112831,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112833,3798],{"class":53},[47,112835,58],{"class":57},[47,112837,10665],{"class":86},[47,112839,1598],{"class":445},[47,112841,309],{"class":86},[47,112843,1769],{"class":445},[47,112845,309],{"class":86},[47,112847,2630],{"class":445},[47,112849,9483],{"class":86},[47,112851,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112853,61216],{"class":53},[47,112855,58],{"class":57},[47,112857,3803],{"class":86},[47,112859,2239],{"class":445},[47,112861,309],{"class":86},[47,112863,912],{"class":445},[47,112865,309],{"class":86},[47,112867,4787],{"class":445},[47,112869,309],{"class":86},[47,112871,4787],{"class":445},[47,112873,3816],{"class":86},[47,112875,112876],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,112877,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,112879,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,112881,2407],{"class":53},[47,112883,58],{"class":57},[47,112885,4444],{"class":53},[47,112887,94],{"class":86},[47,112889,111437],{"class":90},[47,112891,87],{"class":86},[47,112893,61245],{"class":90},[47,112895,286],{"class":86},[47,112897,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,112899,83],{"class":82},[47,112901,87],{"class":86},[47,112903,2442],{"class":90},[47,112905,286],{"class":86},[20,112907,30206],{},[38,112909,112910],{"className":40,"code":112780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112911,112912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112913,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112915,9452],{"class":86},[47,112917,1598],{"class":445},[47,112919,309],{"class":86},[47,112921,1769],{"class":445},[47,112923,309],{"class":86},[47,112925,2630],{"class":445},[47,112927,309],{"class":86},[47,112929,912],{"class":445},[47,112931,309],{"class":86},[47,112933,4787],{"class":445},[47,112935,9483],{"class":86},[20,112937,21156,112938,112940],{},[15,112939,2313],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[469,112942,112944],{"id":112943},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,112946,112948],{"className":40,"code":112947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112949,112950,112974,113007,113011,113030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112951,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112953,36265],{"class":53},[47,112955,58],{"class":57},[47,112957,10665],{"class":86},[47,112959,102],{"class":61},[47,112961,455],{"class":65},[47,112963,102],{"class":61},[47,112965,309],{"class":86},[47,112967,62],{"class":61},[47,112969,2014],{"class":65},[47,112971,102],{"class":61},[47,112973,9483],{"class":86},[47,112975,112976,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112977,112978],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112980,58],{"class":57},[47,112982,1067],{"class":86},[47,112984,102],{"class":61},[47,112986,2014],{"class":65},[47,112988,102],{"class":61},[47,112990,309],{"class":86},[47,112992,62],{"class":61},[47,112994,9913],{"class":65},[47,112996,102],{"class":61},[47,112998,309],{"class":86},[47,113000,62],{"class":61},[47,113002,18946],{"class":65},[47,113004,102],{"class":61},[47,113006,286],{"class":86},[47,113008,113009],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113010,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113012,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113028],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113014,2407],{"class":53},[47,113016,58],{"class":57},[47,113018,70263],{"class":53},[47,113020,94],{"class":86},[47,113022,111437],{"class":90},[47,113024,87],{"class":86},[47,113026,113027],{"class":90},"more_letters",[47,113029,286],{"class":86},[47,113031,113032,113034,113036,113038],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,113033,83],{"class":82},[47,113035,87],{"class":86},[47,113037,2442],{"class":90},[47,113039,286],{"class":86},[20,113041,30206],{},[38,113043,113045],{"className":40,"code":113044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113046,113047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113050,9452],{"class":86},[47,113052,3479],{"class":61},[47,113054,455],{"class":65},[47,113056,3479],{"class":61},[47,113058,309],{"class":86},[47,113060,3474],{"class":61},[47,113062,2014],{"class":65},[47,113064,3479],{"class":61},[47,113066,309],{"class":86},[47,113068,3474],{"class":61},[47,113070,9913],{"class":65},[47,113072,3479],{"class":61},[47,113074,309],{"class":86},[47,113076,3474],{"class":61},[47,113078,18946],{"class":65},[47,113080,3479],{"class":61},[47,113082,9483],{"class":86},[469,113084,113086],{"id":113085},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113088,113089],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,113091,113093],{"className":40,"code":113092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113094,113095,113120,113143,113147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113096,113097,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113098,113099],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,113101,58],{"class":57},[47,113103,10665],{"class":86},[47,113105,102],{"class":61},[47,113107,455],{"class":65},[47,113109,102],{"class":61},[47,113111,309],{"class":86},[47,113113,62],{"class":61},[47,113115,2014],{"class":65},[47,113117,102],{"class":61},[47,113119,9483],{"class":86},[47,113121,113122,113124,113126,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113123,2407],{"class":53},[47,113125,58],{"class":57},[47,113127,113128],{"class":53}," chars",[47,113130,94],{"class":86},[47,113132,111437],{"class":90},[47,113134,87],{"class":86},[47,113136,102],{"class":61},[47,113138,37223],{"class":65},[47,113140,102],{"class":61},[47,113142,286],{"class":86},[47,113144,113145],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113146,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113148,113149,113151,113153,113155],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113150,83],{"class":82},[47,113152,87],{"class":86},[47,113154,2442],{"class":90},[47,113156,286],{"class":86},[20,113158,30206],{},[38,113160,113162],{"className":40,"code":113161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113163,113164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113167,9452],{"class":86},[47,113169,3479],{"class":61},[47,113171,455],{"class":65},[47,113173,3479],{"class":61},[47,113175,309],{"class":86},[47,113177,3474],{"class":61},[47,113179,2014],{"class":65},[47,113181,3479],{"class":61},[47,113183,309],{"class":86},[47,113185,3474],{"class":61},[47,113187,9913],{"class":65},[47,113189,3479],{"class":61},[47,113191,309],{"class":86},[47,113193,3474],{"class":61},[47,113195,63455],{"class":65},[47,113197,3479],{"class":61},[47,113199,9483],{"class":86},[20,113201,22366,113202,113205],{},[15,113203,113204],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[162,113207,113208,113212,113216],{},[165,113209,113210],{},[15,113211,66649],{},[165,113213,113214],{},[15,113215,18274],{},[165,113217,113218],{},[15,113219,113220],{},"\"t\"",[149,113222,113224,10760,113226],{"id":113223},"union-vs-update",[15,113225,102967],{},[15,113227,15133],{},[20,113229,113230,837,113232,113234],{},[15,113231,102967],{},[15,113233,15133],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[469,113236,113237],{"id":111437},[15,113238,102967],{},[162,113240,113241,113243],{},[165,113242,110799],{},[165,113244,110808],{},[38,113246,113247],{"className":40,"code":112332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113248,113249,113265,113281,113285,113303,113307,113319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113250,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113252,2732],{"class":53},[47,113254,58],{"class":57},[47,113256,10665],{"class":86},[47,113258,1598],{"class":445},[47,113260,309],{"class":86},[47,113262,1769],{"class":445},[47,113264,9483],{"class":86},[47,113266,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113268,2760],{"class":53},[47,113270,58],{"class":57},[47,113272,10665],{"class":86},[47,113274,2233],{"class":445},[47,113276,309],{"class":86},[47,113278,2630],{"class":445},[47,113280,9483],{"class":86},[47,113282,113283],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113284,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113286,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113288,2407],{"class":53},[47,113290,58],{"class":57},[47,113292,57057],{"class":53},[47,113294,94],{"class":86},[47,113296,111437],{"class":90},[47,113298,87],{"class":86},[47,113300,2014],{"class":90},[47,113302,286],{"class":86},[47,113304,113305],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,113306,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,113310,83],{"class":82},[47,113312,87],{"class":86},[47,113314,2442],{"class":90},[47,113316,1696],{"class":86},[47,113318,112405],{"class":113},[47,113320,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,113322,83],{"class":82},[47,113324,87],{"class":86},[47,113326,455],{"class":90},[47,113328,1696],{"class":86},[47,113330,112418],{"class":113},[469,113332,113333],{"id":30641},[15,113334,15133],{},[162,113336,113337,113340],{},[165,113338,113339],{},"changes the existing set in place",[165,113341,113342],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,113344,113346],{"className":40,"code":113345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113347,113348,113364,113380,113384,113398,113402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113349,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113351,2732],{"class":53},[47,113353,58],{"class":57},[47,113355,10665],{"class":86},[47,113357,1598],{"class":445},[47,113359,309],{"class":86},[47,113361,1769],{"class":445},[47,113363,9483],{"class":86},[47,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113367,2760],{"class":53},[47,113369,58],{"class":57},[47,113371,10665],{"class":86},[47,113373,2233],{"class":445},[47,113375,309],{"class":86},[47,113377,2630],{"class":445},[47,113379,9483],{"class":86},[47,113381,113382],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113383,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113387,455],{"class":53},[47,113389,94],{"class":86},[47,113391,30641],{"class":90},[47,113393,87],{"class":86},[47,113395,2014],{"class":90},[47,113397,286],{"class":86},[47,113399,113400],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,113401,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113403,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,113405,83],{"class":82},[47,113407,87],{"class":86},[47,113409,455],{"class":90},[47,113411,1696],{"class":86},[47,113413,112405],{"class":113},[20,113415,144,113416,113418],{},[15,113417,102967],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113420,113421,113422,94],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[455,113423,3755,113424,1168],{"href":98687},[15,113425,97482],{},[149,113427,4700],{"id":4699},[469,113429,8628,113431,113433],{"id":113430},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113432,102967],{}," to change the original set",[20,113435,81992],{},[38,113437,113439],{"className":40,"code":113438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113440,113441,113457,113473,113477,113491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113444,2732],{"class":53},[47,113446,58],{"class":57},[47,113448,10665],{"class":86},[47,113450,1598],{"class":445},[47,113452,309],{"class":86},[47,113454,1769],{"class":445},[47,113456,9483],{"class":86},[47,113458,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113460,2760],{"class":53},[47,113462,58],{"class":57},[47,113464,10665],{"class":86},[47,113466,2233],{"class":445},[47,113468,309],{"class":86},[47,113470,2630],{"class":445},[47,113472,9483],{"class":86},[47,113474,113475],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113476,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113478,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113480,455],{"class":53},[47,113482,94],{"class":86},[47,113484,111437],{"class":90},[47,113486,87],{"class":86},[47,113488,2014],{"class":90},[47,113490,286],{"class":86},[47,113492,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,113494,83],{"class":82},[47,113496,87],{"class":86},[47,113498,455],{"class":90},[47,113500,286],{"class":86},[20,113502,814],{},[38,113504,113505],{"className":40,"code":100675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113506,113507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113508,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113510,9452],{"class":86},[47,113512,1598],{"class":445},[47,113514,309],{"class":86},[47,113516,1769],{"class":445},[47,113518,9483],{"class":86},[20,113520,8671,113521,113523],{},[15,113522,102967],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113525,113526],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,113528,113530],{"className":40,"code":113529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113531,113532,113548,113564,113568,113586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113533,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113535,2732],{"class":53},[47,113537,58],{"class":57},[47,113539,10665],{"class":86},[47,113541,1598],{"class":445},[47,113543,309],{"class":86},[47,113545,1769],{"class":445},[47,113547,9483],{"class":86},[47,113549,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113551,2760],{"class":53},[47,113553,58],{"class":57},[47,113555,10665],{"class":86},[47,113557,2233],{"class":445},[47,113559,309],{"class":86},[47,113561,2630],{"class":445},[47,113563,9483],{"class":86},[47,113565,113566],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113567,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113569,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113571,2732],{"class":53},[47,113573,58],{"class":57},[47,113575,57057],{"class":53},[47,113577,94],{"class":86},[47,113579,111437],{"class":90},[47,113581,87],{"class":86},[47,113583,2014],{"class":90},[47,113585,286],{"class":86},[47,113587,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,113589,83],{"class":82},[47,113591,87],{"class":86},[47,113593,455],{"class":90},[47,113595,286],{"class":86},[469,113597,113599],{"id":113598},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113601,113602],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,113604,113606],{"className":40,"code":113605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113607,113608,113624,113640,113644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113609,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113611,2732],{"class":53},[47,113613,58],{"class":57},[47,113615,10665],{"class":86},[47,113617,2239],{"class":445},[47,113619,309],{"class":86},[47,113621,5677],{"class":445},[47,113623,9483],{"class":86},[47,113625,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113627,2760],{"class":53},[47,113629,58],{"class":57},[47,113631,10665],{"class":86},[47,113633,2233],{"class":445},[47,113635,309],{"class":86},[47,113637,912],{"class":445},[47,113639,9483],{"class":86},[47,113641,113642],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113643,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,113645,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113647,83],{"class":82},[47,113649,87],{"class":86},[47,113651,455],{"class":90},[47,113653,94],{"class":86},[47,113655,111437],{"class":90},[47,113657,87],{"class":86},[47,113659,2014],{"class":90},[47,113661,1879],{"class":86},[20,113663,113664],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[469,113666,113668],{"id":113667},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,113670,113672],{"className":40,"code":113671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113673,113674,113690,113712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113675,113676,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113677,4251],{"class":53},[47,113679,58],{"class":57},[47,113681,10665],{"class":86},[47,113683,102],{"class":61},[47,113685,58297],{"class":65},[47,113687,102],{"class":61},[47,113689,9483],{"class":86},[47,113691,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113693,2407],{"class":53},[47,113695,58],{"class":57},[47,113697,6348],{"class":53},[47,113699,94],{"class":86},[47,113701,111437],{"class":90},[47,113703,87],{"class":86},[47,113705,102],{"class":61},[47,113707,37223],{"class":65},[47,113709,102],{"class":61},[47,113711,286],{"class":86},[47,113713,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113715,83],{"class":82},[47,113717,87],{"class":86},[47,113719,2442],{"class":90},[47,113721,286],{"class":86},[20,113723,113724,113725,2366,113727,17251,113729,113731,113732,113734],{},"This adds ",[15,113726,66649],{},[15,113728,18274],{},[15,113730,113220],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113733,113204],{}," as one item.",[20,113736,113737],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,113739,113741],{"className":40,"code":113740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113742,113743,113759,113781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113744,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113746,4251],{"class":53},[47,113748,58],{"class":57},[47,113750,10665],{"class":86},[47,113752,102],{"class":61},[47,113754,58297],{"class":65},[47,113756,102],{"class":61},[47,113758,9483],{"class":86},[47,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113762,2407],{"class":53},[47,113764,58],{"class":57},[47,113766,6348],{"class":53},[47,113768,94],{"class":86},[47,113770,111437],{"class":90},[47,113772,3163],{"class":86},[47,113774,102],{"class":61},[47,113776,37223],{"class":65},[47,113778,102],{"class":61},[47,113780,4068],{"class":86},[47,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113784,83],{"class":82},[47,113786,87],{"class":86},[47,113788,2442],{"class":90},[47,113790,286],{"class":86},[469,113792,113794],{"id":113793},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113796,3014],{},[38,113798,113800],{"className":40,"code":113799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113801,113802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113803,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113805,15808],{"class":53},[47,113807,58],{"class":57},[47,113809,10665],{"class":86},[47,113811,1598],{"class":445},[47,113813,309],{"class":86},[47,113815,1769],{"class":445},[47,113817,309],{"class":86},[47,113819,3803],{"class":86},[47,113821,2239],{"class":445},[47,113823,309],{"class":86},[47,113825,912],{"class":445},[47,113827,13885],{"class":86},[20,113829,113830],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113832,113833,113834,3062],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113835,102967],{},[38,113837,113839],{"className":40,"code":113838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113840,113841,113857,113879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113842,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113844,15808],{"class":53},[47,113846,58],{"class":57},[47,113848,10665],{"class":86},[47,113850,1598],{"class":445},[47,113852,309],{"class":86},[47,113854,1769],{"class":445},[47,113856,9483],{"class":86},[47,113858,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113860,2407],{"class":53},[47,113862,58],{"class":57},[47,113864,97092],{"class":53},[47,113866,94],{"class":86},[47,113868,111437],{"class":90},[47,113870,3163],{"class":86},[47,113872,2239],{"class":445},[47,113874,309],{"class":86},[47,113876,912],{"class":445},[47,113878,4068],{"class":86},[47,113880,113881,113883,113885,113887],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113882,83],{"class":82},[47,113884,87],{"class":86},[47,113886,2442],{"class":90},[47,113888,286],{"class":86},[149,113890,113892],{"id":113891},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113894,113895],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[162,113897,113898,113904,113911,113914],{},[165,113899,113900,113901,113903],{},"call ",[15,113902,102967],{}," without saving the returned set",[165,113905,113906,113907,834,113909],{},"confuse ",[15,113908,102967],{},[15,113910,15133],{},[165,113912,113913],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[165,113915,113916],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113918,113919,113920,837,113924,94],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[455,113921,3755,113922,1168],{"href":102956},[15,113923,106741],{},[455,113925,3755,113927,1168],{"href":113926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113928,100587],{},[20,113930,62463],{},[38,113932,113934],{"className":40,"code":113933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113935,113936,113946,113960,113970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113937,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113939,83],{"class":82},[47,113941,87],{"class":86},[47,113943,15846],{"class":90},[47,113945,286],{"class":86},[47,113947,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113949,83],{"class":82},[47,113951,87],{"class":86},[47,113953,1872],{"class":1570},[47,113955,87],{"class":86},[47,113957,15846],{"class":90},[47,113959,1879],{"class":86},[47,113961,113962,113964,113966,113968],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,113963,83],{"class":82},[47,113965,87],{"class":86},[47,113967,2442],{"class":90},[47,113969,286],{"class":86},[47,113971,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980,113982],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,113973,32327],{"class":82},[47,113975,87],{"class":86},[47,113977,6467],{"class":1570},[47,113979,94],{"class":86},[47,113981,111437],{"class":24927},[47,113983,286],{"class":86},[149,113985,1962],{"id":1961},[469,113987,1966,113989,102907],{"id":113988},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113990,108211],{},[20,113992,102910],{},[469,113994,1980,113996,113998],{"id":113995},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113997,102967],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114000,114001],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[469,114003,2049,114005,114007],{"id":114004},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114006,102967],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114009,42327,114010,114012],{},[15,114011,102967],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[469,114014,114016],{"id":114015},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114018,114019],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[469,114021,2032,114023,837,114025,2037],{"id":114022},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114024,102967],{},[15,114026,114027],{},"|",[20,114029,114030,114031,114033,114034,114036],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114032,114027],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114035,102967],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[149,114038,2062],{"id":2061},[162,114040,114041,114045,114051,114057,114063],{},[165,114042,114043],{},[455,114044,96496],{"href":97667},[165,114046,114047],{},[455,114048,3755,114049,1168],{"href":98687},[15,114050,97482],{},[165,114052,114053],{},[455,114054,3755,114055,1168],{"href":102956},[15,114056,106741],{},[165,114058,114059],{},[455,114060,3755,114061,1168],{"href":113926},[15,114062,100587],{},[165,114064,114065],{},[455,114066,100512],{"href":99245},[2093,114068,114069],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":114071},[114072,114073,114075,114076,114077,114078,114080,114086,114091,114098,114099,114110],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":112167,"depth":72,"text":114074},"What set.union() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":22146,"depth":72,"text":22147},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":112654,"depth":72,"text":114079},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112812,"depth":72,"text":114081,"children":114082},"Using union() with other iterables",[114083,114084,114085],{"id":112823,"depth":79,"text":112824},{"id":112943,"depth":79,"text":112944},{"id":113085,"depth":79,"text":113086},{"id":113223,"depth":72,"text":114087,"children":114088},"union() vs update()",[114089,114090],{"id":111437,"depth":79,"text":102967},{"id":30641,"depth":79,"text":15133},{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":114092},[114093,114095,114096,114097],{"id":113430,"depth":79,"text":114094},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113598,"depth":79,"text":113599},{"id":113667,"depth":79,"text":113668},{"id":113793,"depth":79,"text":113794},{"id":113891,"depth":72,"text":113892},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":114100},[114101,114103,114105,114107,114108],{"id":113988,"depth":79,"text":114102},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113995,"depth":79,"text":114104},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114004,"depth":79,"text":114106},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114015,"depth":79,"text":114016},{"id":114022,"depth":79,"text":114109},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112047,"description":114111},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114117,"title":114118,"body":114119,"description":116008,"extension":2138,"meta":116009,"navigation":75,"path":96981,"seo":116010,"stem":116011,"__hash__":116012},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114120,"toc":115974},[114121,114126,114131,114139,114141,114199,114204,114209,114213,114225,114228,114302,114307,114309,114311,114330,114332,114349,114352,114379,114381,114451,114455,114457,114463,114465,114526,114531,114533,114590,114594,114599,114664,114666,114686,114693,114697,114702,114787,114790,114797,114900,114904,114909,114967,114970,114981,114995,115002,115060,115067,115070,115080,115084,115142,115146,115212,115215,115273,115280,115287,115290,115294,115303,115372,115376,115382,115470,115480,115484,115488,115492,115495,115556,115561,115618,115622,115624,115659,115666,115668,115722,115729,115733,115736,115801,115810,115816,115873,115875,115880,115884,115888,115891,115898,115906,115910,115915,115919,115925,115927,115962,115971],[10,114122,96368,114124,18],{"id":114123},"python-set-update-method",[15,114125,15133],{},[20,114127,114128,114130],{},[15,114129,97482],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114132,114133,114134,114138],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[455,114135,114136],{"href":98668},[15,114137,96376],{},", which adds only one item.",[149,114140,3788],{"id":3787},[38,114142,114144],{"className":40,"code":114143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114145,114146,114162,114184,114194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114149,3798],{"class":53},[47,114151,58],{"class":57},[47,114153,10665],{"class":86},[47,114155,1598],{"class":445},[47,114157,309],{"class":86},[47,114159,1769],{"class":445},[47,114161,9483],{"class":86},[47,114163,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114165,3830],{"class":53},[47,114167,94],{"class":86},[47,114169,30641],{"class":90},[47,114171,3163],{"class":86},[47,114173,2233],{"class":445},[47,114175,309],{"class":86},[47,114177,2630],{"class":445},[47,114179,309],{"class":86},[47,114181,912],{"class":445},[47,114183,4068],{"class":86},[47,114185,114186,114188,114190,114192],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114187,83],{"class":82},[47,114189,87],{"class":86},[47,114191,3830],{"class":90},[47,114193,286],{"class":86},[47,114195,114196],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114197,114198],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114200,144,114201,114203],{},[15,114202,15133],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[149,114205,152,114207,155],{"id":114206},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114208,97482],{},[20,114210,114211,3062],{},[15,114212,97482],{},[162,114214,114215,114218,114220,114223],{},[165,114216,114217],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[165,114219,96483],{},[165,114221,114222],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[165,114224,96486],{},[20,114226,114227],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,114229,114231],{"className":40,"code":114230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114232,114233,114257,114283,114287,114297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114234,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114236,13254],{"class":53},[47,114238,58],{"class":57},[47,114240,10665],{"class":86},[47,114242,102],{"class":61},[47,114244,13271],{"class":65},[47,114246,102],{"class":61},[47,114248,309],{"class":86},[47,114250,62],{"class":61},[47,114252,13288],{"class":65},[47,114254,102],{"class":61},[47,114256,9483],{"class":86},[47,114258,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114260,17680],{"class":53},[47,114262,94],{"class":86},[47,114264,30641],{"class":90},[47,114266,3163],{"class":86},[47,114268,102],{"class":61},[47,114270,13288],{"class":65},[47,114272,102],{"class":61},[47,114274,309],{"class":86},[47,114276,62],{"class":61},[47,114278,17633],{"class":65},[47,114280,102],{"class":61},[47,114282,4068],{"class":86},[47,114284,114285],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114286,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114288,114289,114291,114293,114295],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114290,83],{"class":82},[47,114292,87],{"class":86},[47,114294,17680],{"class":90},[47,114296,286],{"class":86},[47,114298,114299],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114300,114301],{"class":113},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114303,21156,114304,114306],{},[15,114305,111202],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[149,114308,261],{"id":260},[20,114310,7394],{},[38,114312,114314],{"className":40,"code":114313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114315,114316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114319,15846],{"class":53},[47,114321,94],{"class":86},[47,114323,30641],{"class":90},[47,114325,87],{"class":86},[47,114327,3899],{"class":90},[47,114329,286],{"class":86},[20,114331,80368],{},[162,114333,114334,114337,114340,114343,114346],{},[165,114335,114336],{},"A list",[165,114338,114339],{},"A tuple",[165,114341,114342],{},"Another set",[165,114344,114345],{},"A string",[165,114347,114348],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114350,114351],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,114353,114355],{"className":40,"code":114354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114356,114357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114358,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114360,15846],{"class":53},[47,114362,94],{"class":86},[47,114364,30641],{"class":90},[47,114366,87],{"class":86},[47,114368,455],{"class":90},[47,114370,309],{"class":86},[47,114372,2737],{"class":90},[47,114374,309],{"class":86},[47,114376,9855],{"class":90},[47,114378,286],{"class":86},[20,114380,183],{},[38,114382,114384],{"className":40,"code":114383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114385,114386,114398,114432,114436,114446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114387,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114389,4003],{"class":53},[47,114391,58],{"class":57},[47,114393,10665],{"class":86},[47,114395,1598],{"class":445},[47,114397,9483],{"class":86},[47,114399,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114401,5538],{"class":53},[47,114403,94],{"class":86},[47,114405,30641],{"class":90},[47,114407,3163],{"class":86},[47,114409,2233],{"class":445},[47,114411,309],{"class":86},[47,114413,2630],{"class":445},[47,114415,18240],{"class":86},[47,114417,1067],{"class":86},[47,114419,2682],{"class":445},[47,114421,309],{"class":86},[47,114423,4787],{"class":445},[47,114425,9408],{"class":86},[47,114427,10665],{"class":86},[47,114429,80759],{"class":445},[47,114431,30673],{"class":86},[47,114433,114434],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114435,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114437,114438,114440,114442,114444],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114439,83],{"class":82},[47,114441,87],{"class":86},[47,114443,5538],{"class":90},[47,114445,286],{"class":86},[47,114447,114448],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114449,114450],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114452,96492,114453,94],{},[455,114454,96500],{"href":98051},[149,114456,22147],{"id":22146},[20,114458,114459,2576,114461,94],{},[15,114460,97482],{},[15,114462,3958],{},[20,114464,11891],{},[38,114466,114468],{"className":40,"code":114467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114469,114470,114486,114508,114512,114522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114471,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114473,3798],{"class":53},[47,114475,58],{"class":57},[47,114477,10665],{"class":86},[47,114479,1598],{"class":445},[47,114481,309],{"class":86},[47,114483,1769],{"class":445},[47,114485,9483],{"class":86},[47,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114489,2407],{"class":53},[47,114491,58],{"class":57},[47,114493,4444],{"class":53},[47,114495,94],{"class":86},[47,114497,30641],{"class":90},[47,114499,3163],{"class":86},[47,114501,2239],{"class":445},[47,114503,309],{"class":86},[47,114505,912],{"class":445},[47,114507,4068],{"class":86},[47,114509,114510],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114511,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114513,114514,114516,114518,114520],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114515,83],{"class":82},[47,114517,87],{"class":86},[47,114519,2442],{"class":90},[47,114521,286],{"class":86},[47,114523,114524],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114525,61999],{"class":113},[20,114527,114528,114529,94],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114530,2442],{},[20,114532,19147],{},[38,114534,114536],{"className":40,"code":114535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114537,114538,114554,114572,114576,114586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114539,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114541,3798],{"class":53},[47,114543,58],{"class":57},[47,114545,10665],{"class":86},[47,114547,1598],{"class":445},[47,114549,309],{"class":86},[47,114551,1769],{"class":445},[47,114553,9483],{"class":86},[47,114555,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114557,3830],{"class":53},[47,114559,94],{"class":86},[47,114561,30641],{"class":90},[47,114563,3163],{"class":86},[47,114565,2239],{"class":445},[47,114567,309],{"class":86},[47,114569,912],{"class":445},[47,114571,4068],{"class":86},[47,114573,114574],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114575,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114577,114578,114580,114582,114584],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114579,83],{"class":82},[47,114581,87],{"class":86},[47,114583,3830],{"class":90},[47,114585,286],{"class":86},[47,114587,114588],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114589,114198],{"class":113},[149,114591,114593],{"id":114592},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114595,114596,114597,94],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114598,15133],{},[38,114600,114602],{"className":40,"code":114601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114603,114604,114620,114646,114650,114660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114607,3798],{"class":53},[47,114609,58],{"class":57},[47,114611,10665],{"class":86},[47,114613,1598],{"class":445},[47,114615,309],{"class":86},[47,114617,1769],{"class":445},[47,114619,9483],{"class":86},[47,114621,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114623,3830],{"class":53},[47,114625,94],{"class":86},[47,114627,30641],{"class":90},[47,114629,3163],{"class":86},[47,114631,2233],{"class":445},[47,114633,309],{"class":86},[47,114635,2630],{"class":445},[47,114637,309],{"class":86},[47,114639,912],{"class":445},[47,114641,309],{"class":86},[47,114643,912],{"class":445},[47,114645,4068],{"class":86},[47,114647,114648],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114649,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114651,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114653,83],{"class":82},[47,114655,87],{"class":86},[47,114657,3830],{"class":90},[47,114659,286],{"class":86},[47,114661,114662],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114663,114198],{"class":113},[20,114665,11860],{},[162,114667,114668,114673,114680],{},[165,114669,114670,114672],{},[15,114671,2233],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[165,114674,114675,837,114677,114679],{},[15,114676,2239],{},[15,114678,2682],{}," are added",[165,114681,114682,114683,114685],{},"The second ",[15,114684,2682],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114687,114688,114689,114692],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[455,114690,114691],{"href":99245},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[149,114694,114696],{"id":114695},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114698,7938,114699,114701],{},[15,114700,15133],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,114703,114705],{"className":40,"code":114704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114706,114707,114728,114749,114753,114769,114773,114783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114708,114709,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114710,114711],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114713,58],{"class":57},[47,114715,10665],{"class":86},[47,114717,1598],{"class":445},[47,114719,309],{"class":86},[47,114721,1769],{"class":445},[47,114723,309],{"class":86},[47,114725,2630],{"class":445},[47,114727,9483],{"class":86},[47,114729,114730,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114731,114732],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114734,58],{"class":57},[47,114736,10665],{"class":86},[47,114738,2239],{"class":445},[47,114740,309],{"class":86},[47,114742,912],{"class":445},[47,114744,309],{"class":86},[47,114746,4787],{"class":445},[47,114748,9483],{"class":86},[47,114750,114751],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114752,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114754,114755,114758,114760,114762,114764,114767],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114756,114757],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,114759,94],{"class":86},[47,114761,30641],{"class":90},[47,114763,87],{"class":86},[47,114765,114766],{"class":90},"set_b",[47,114768,286],{"class":86},[47,114770,114771],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114772,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114774,114775,114777,114779,114781],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,114776,83],{"class":82},[47,114778,87],{"class":86},[47,114780,114757],{"class":90},[47,114782,286],{"class":86},[47,114784,114785],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,114786,112159],{"class":113},[20,114788,114789],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114791,114792,114793,94],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[455,114794,114795],{"href":102964},[15,114796,108211],{},[38,114798,114800],{"className":40,"code":114799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114801,114802,114822,114842,114846,114866,114870,114881,114885,114895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114803,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114805,114711],{"class":53},[47,114807,58],{"class":57},[47,114809,10665],{"class":86},[47,114811,1598],{"class":445},[47,114813,309],{"class":86},[47,114815,1769],{"class":445},[47,114817,309],{"class":86},[47,114819,2630],{"class":445},[47,114821,9483],{"class":86},[47,114823,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114825,114732],{"class":53},[47,114827,58],{"class":57},[47,114829,10665],{"class":86},[47,114831,2239],{"class":445},[47,114833,309],{"class":86},[47,114835,912],{"class":445},[47,114837,309],{"class":86},[47,114839,4787],{"class":445},[47,114841,9483],{"class":86},[47,114843,114844],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114845,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114847,114848,114851,114853,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114849,114850],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114852,58],{"class":57},[47,114854,114855],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114857,94],{"class":86},[47,114859,111437],{"class":90},[47,114861,87],{"class":86},[47,114863,114766],{"class":90},[47,114865,286],{"class":86},[47,114867,114868],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114869,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114871,114872,114874,114876,114879],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,114873,83],{"class":82},[47,114875,87],{"class":86},[47,114877,114878],{"class":90},"combined",[47,114880,286],{"class":86},[47,114882,114883],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,114884,112159],{"class":113},[47,114886,114887,114889,114891,114893],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,114888,83],{"class":82},[47,114890,87],{"class":86},[47,114892,114757],{"class":90},[47,114894,286],{"class":86},[47,114896,114897],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,114898,114899],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[149,114901,114903],{"id":114902},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114905,64908,114906,114908],{},[15,114907,15133],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,114910,114912],{"className":40,"code":114911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114913,114914,114930,114948,114952,114962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114915,114916,114918,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114917,36265],{"class":53},[47,114919,58],{"class":57},[47,114921,10665],{"class":86},[47,114923,102],{"class":61},[47,114925,2350],{"class":65},[47,114927,102],{"class":61},[47,114929,9483],{"class":86},[47,114931,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114933,36318],{"class":53},[47,114935,94],{"class":86},[47,114937,30641],{"class":90},[47,114939,87],{"class":86},[47,114941,102],{"class":61},[47,114943,37223],{"class":65},[47,114945,102],{"class":61},[47,114947,286],{"class":86},[47,114949,114950],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,114951,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,114953,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,114955,83],{"class":82},[47,114957,87],{"class":86},[47,114959,36318],{"class":90},[47,114961,286],{"class":86},[47,114963,114964],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,114965,114966],{"class":113},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114968,114969],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114971,114972,14233,114975,114977,114978,114980],{},[15,114973,114974],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3922,114976,4813],{}," add ",[15,114979,113204],{}," as one item. It adds:",[162,114982,114983,114987,114991],{},[165,114984,114985],{},[15,114986,66649],{},[165,114988,114989],{},[15,114990,18274],{},[165,114992,114993],{},[15,114994,113220],{},[20,114996,114997,114998,3062],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[455,114999,115000],{"href":98668},[15,115001,96376],{},[38,115003,115005],{"className":40,"code":115004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115006,115007,115023,115041,115045,115055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115010,4251],{"class":53},[47,115012,58],{"class":57},[47,115014,10665],{"class":86},[47,115016,102],{"class":61},[47,115018,58297],{"class":65},[47,115020,102],{"class":61},[47,115022,9483],{"class":86},[47,115024,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115026,4294],{"class":53},[47,115028,94],{"class":86},[47,115030,82271],{"class":90},[47,115032,87],{"class":86},[47,115034,102],{"class":61},[47,115036,37223],{"class":65},[47,115038,102],{"class":61},[47,115040,286],{"class":86},[47,115042,115043],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115044,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115046,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115048,83],{"class":82},[47,115050,87],{"class":86},[47,115052,4294],{"class":90},[47,115054,286],{"class":86},[47,115056,115057],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115058,115059],{"class":113},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[149,115061,115063,10760,115065],{"id":115062},"update-vs-add",[15,115064,15133],{},[15,115066,96371],{},[20,115068,115069],{},"The difference is simple:",[162,115071,115072,115076],{},[165,115073,115074,96970],{},[15,115075,96371],{},[165,115077,115078,96975],{},[15,115079,15133],{},[20,115081,46213,115082,3062],{},[15,115083,96371],{},[38,115085,115087],{"className":40,"code":115086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115088,115089,115105,115123,115127,115137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115090,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115092,36414],{"class":53},[47,115094,58],{"class":57},[47,115096,10665],{"class":86},[47,115098,102],{"class":61},[47,115100,4260],{"class":65},[47,115102,102],{"class":61},[47,115104,9483],{"class":86},[47,115106,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115108,36466],{"class":53},[47,115110,94],{"class":86},[47,115112,82271],{"class":90},[47,115114,87],{"class":86},[47,115116,102],{"class":61},[47,115118,491],{"class":65},[47,115120,102],{"class":61},[47,115122,286],{"class":86},[47,115124,115125],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115126,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115128,115129,115131,115133,115135],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115130,83],{"class":82},[47,115132,87],{"class":86},[47,115134,36466],{"class":90},[47,115136,286],{"class":86},[47,115138,115139],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115140,115141],{"class":113},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115143,46213,115144,3062],{},[15,115145,15133],{},[38,115147,115149],{"className":40,"code":115148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115150,115151,115167,115193,115197,115207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115152,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115154,36414],{"class":53},[47,115156,58],{"class":57},[47,115158,10665],{"class":86},[47,115160,102],{"class":61},[47,115162,4260],{"class":65},[47,115164,102],{"class":61},[47,115166,9483],{"class":86},[47,115168,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115170,36466],{"class":53},[47,115172,94],{"class":86},[47,115174,30641],{"class":90},[47,115176,3163],{"class":86},[47,115178,102],{"class":61},[47,115180,491],{"class":65},[47,115182,102],{"class":61},[47,115184,309],{"class":86},[47,115186,62],{"class":61},[47,115188,33396],{"class":65},[47,115190,102],{"class":61},[47,115192,4068],{"class":86},[47,115194,115195],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115196,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115198,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115200,83],{"class":82},[47,115202,87],{"class":86},[47,115204,36466],{"class":90},[47,115206,286],{"class":86},[47,115208,115209],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115210,115211],{"class":113},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115213,115214],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,115216,115218],{"className":40,"code":115217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115219,115220,115236,115254,115258,115268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115221,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115223,36414],{"class":53},[47,115225,58],{"class":57},[47,115227,10665],{"class":86},[47,115229,102],{"class":61},[47,115231,4260],{"class":65},[47,115233,102],{"class":61},[47,115235,9483],{"class":86},[47,115237,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115239,36466],{"class":53},[47,115241,94],{"class":86},[47,115243,30641],{"class":90},[47,115245,87],{"class":86},[47,115247,102],{"class":61},[47,115249,38516],{"class":65},[47,115251,102],{"class":61},[47,115253,286],{"class":86},[47,115255,115256],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115257,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115259,115260,115262,115264,115266],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115261,83],{"class":82},[47,115263,87],{"class":86},[47,115265,36466],{"class":90},[47,115267,286],{"class":86},[47,115269,115270],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115271,115272],{"class":113},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115274,62274,115275,62347,115278,6808],{},[15,115276,115277],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115279,96371],{},[149,115281,115283,10760,115285],{"id":115282},"update-vs-union",[15,115284,15133],{},[15,115286,102967],{},[20,115288,115289],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[469,115291,115292],{"id":30641},[15,115293,15133],{},[162,115295,115296,115299],{},[165,115297,115298],{},"Changes the existing set",[165,115300,11599,115301],{},[15,115302,3958],{},[38,115304,115306],{"className":40,"code":115305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115307,115308,115324,115340,115344,115358,115368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115309,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115311,2732],{"class":53},[47,115313,58],{"class":57},[47,115315,10665],{"class":86},[47,115317,1598],{"class":445},[47,115319,309],{"class":86},[47,115321,1769],{"class":445},[47,115323,9483],{"class":86},[47,115325,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115327,2760],{"class":53},[47,115329,58],{"class":57},[47,115331,10665],{"class":86},[47,115333,2233],{"class":445},[47,115335,309],{"class":86},[47,115337,2630],{"class":445},[47,115339,9483],{"class":86},[47,115341,115342],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115343,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115347,455],{"class":53},[47,115349,94],{"class":86},[47,115351,30641],{"class":90},[47,115353,87],{"class":86},[47,115355,2014],{"class":90},[47,115357,286],{"class":86},[47,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115361,83],{"class":82},[47,115363,87],{"class":86},[47,115365,455],{"class":90},[47,115367,286],{"class":86},[47,115369,115370],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,115371,114899],{"class":113},[469,115373,115374],{"id":111437},[15,115375,102967],{},[162,115377,115378,115380],{},[165,115379,101505],{},[165,115381,101508],{},[38,115383,115385],{"className":40,"code":115384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115386,115387,115403,115419,115423,115441,115451,115455,115465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115388,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115390,2732],{"class":53},[47,115392,58],{"class":57},[47,115394,10665],{"class":86},[47,115396,1598],{"class":445},[47,115398,309],{"class":86},[47,115400,1769],{"class":445},[47,115402,9483],{"class":86},[47,115404,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413,115415,115417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115406,2760],{"class":53},[47,115408,58],{"class":57},[47,115410,10665],{"class":86},[47,115412,2233],{"class":445},[47,115414,309],{"class":86},[47,115416,2630],{"class":445},[47,115418,9483],{"class":86},[47,115420,115421],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115422,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115424,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115426,83351],{"class":53},[47,115428,58],{"class":57},[47,115430,57057],{"class":53},[47,115432,94],{"class":86},[47,115434,111437],{"class":90},[47,115436,87],{"class":86},[47,115438,2014],{"class":90},[47,115440,286],{"class":86},[47,115442,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115444,83],{"class":82},[47,115446,87],{"class":86},[47,115448,9913],{"class":90},[47,115450,286],{"class":86},[47,115452,115453],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,115454,114899],{"class":113},[47,115456,115457,115459,115461,115463],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,115458,83],{"class":82},[47,115460,87],{"class":86},[47,115462,455],{"class":90},[47,115464,286],{"class":86},[47,115466,115467],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,115468,115469],{"class":113},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115471,107853,115472,115474,115475,115479],{},[15,115473,15133],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[455,115476,115477],{"href":102964},[15,115478,102967],{}," when you want a new set.",[149,115481,115483],{"id":115482},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115485,10922,115486,94],{},[15,115487,97482],{},[469,115489,115491],{"id":115490},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115493,115494],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,115496,115498],{"className":40,"code":115497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115499,115500,115516,115538,115542,115552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115503,15808],{"class":53},[47,115505,58],{"class":57},[47,115507,10665],{"class":86},[47,115509,1598],{"class":445},[47,115511,309],{"class":86},[47,115513,1769],{"class":445},[47,115515,9483],{"class":86},[47,115517,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115519,2407],{"class":53},[47,115521,58],{"class":57},[47,115523,97092],{"class":53},[47,115525,94],{"class":86},[47,115527,30641],{"class":90},[47,115529,3163],{"class":86},[47,115531,2239],{"class":445},[47,115533,309],{"class":86},[47,115535,912],{"class":445},[47,115537,4068],{"class":86},[47,115539,115540],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115541,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115543,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115545,83],{"class":82},[47,115547,87],{"class":86},[47,115549,2442],{"class":90},[47,115551,286],{"class":86},[47,115553,115554],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115555,61999],{"class":113},[20,115557,115558,115559,3062],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115560,15133],{},[38,115562,115564],{"className":40,"code":115563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115565,115566,115582,115600,115604,115614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115567,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115569,15808],{"class":53},[47,115571,58],{"class":57},[47,115573,10665],{"class":86},[47,115575,1598],{"class":445},[47,115577,309],{"class":86},[47,115579,1769],{"class":445},[47,115581,9483],{"class":86},[47,115583,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115585,15846],{"class":53},[47,115587,94],{"class":86},[47,115589,30641],{"class":90},[47,115591,3163],{"class":86},[47,115593,2239],{"class":445},[47,115595,309],{"class":86},[47,115597,912],{"class":445},[47,115599,4068],{"class":86},[47,115601,115602],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115603,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115607,83],{"class":82},[47,115609,87],{"class":86},[47,115611,15846],{"class":90},[47,115613,286],{"class":86},[47,115615,115616],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115617,114198],{"class":113},[469,115619,115621],{"id":115620},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115623,3014],{},[38,115625,115627],{"className":40,"code":115626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115628,115629,115645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115632,15808],{"class":53},[47,115634,58],{"class":57},[47,115636,10665],{"class":86},[47,115638,1598],{"class":445},[47,115640,309],{"class":86},[47,115642,1769],{"class":445},[47,115644,9483],{"class":86},[47,115646,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115648,15846],{"class":53},[47,115650,94],{"class":86},[47,115652,30641],{"class":90},[47,115654,87],{"class":86},[47,115656,2313],{"class":445},[47,115658,286],{"class":86},[20,115660,62453,115661,8777,115663,115665],{},[15,115662,3182],{},[15,115664,2313],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115667,6731],{},[38,115669,115671],{"className":40,"code":115670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115672,115673,115689,115703,115707,115717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115674,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115676,15808],{"class":53},[47,115678,58],{"class":57},[47,115680,10665],{"class":86},[47,115682,1598],{"class":445},[47,115684,309],{"class":86},[47,115686,1769],{"class":445},[47,115688,9483],{"class":86},[47,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115692,15846],{"class":53},[47,115694,94],{"class":86},[47,115696,30641],{"class":90},[47,115698,3163],{"class":86},[47,115700,2313],{"class":445},[47,115702,4068],{"class":86},[47,115704,115705],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115706,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115708,115709,115711,115713,115715],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115710,83],{"class":82},[47,115712,87],{"class":86},[47,115714,15846],{"class":90},[47,115716,286],{"class":86},[47,115718,115719],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115720,115721],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115723,46086,115724,94],{},[455,115725,25857,115726],{"href":52770},[15,115727,115728],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[469,115730,115732],{"id":115731},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115734,115735],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,115737,115739],{"className":40,"code":115738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115740,115741,115757,115783,115787,115797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115742,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115744,15808],{"class":53},[47,115746,58],{"class":57},[47,115748,10665],{"class":86},[47,115750,1598],{"class":445},[47,115752,309],{"class":86},[47,115754,1769],{"class":445},[47,115756,9483],{"class":86},[47,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775,115777,115779,115781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115760,15846],{"class":53},[47,115762,94],{"class":86},[47,115764,30641],{"class":90},[47,115766,3163],{"class":86},[47,115768,2233],{"class":445},[47,115770,309],{"class":86},[47,115772,1769],{"class":445},[47,115774,309],{"class":86},[47,115776,1769],{"class":445},[47,115778,309],{"class":86},[47,115780,2630],{"class":445},[47,115782,4068],{"class":86},[47,115784,115785],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115786,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115788,115789,115791,115793,115795],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115790,83],{"class":82},[47,115792,87],{"class":86},[47,115794,15846],{"class":90},[47,115796,286],{"class":86},[47,115798,115799],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115800,114899],{"class":113},[469,115802,115804,115805,44802,115807,115809],{"id":115803},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115806,15133],{},[15,115808,96371],{}," is better",[20,115811,115812,115813,115815],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115814,96371],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,115817,115819],{"className":40,"code":115818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115820,115821,115837,115855,115859,115869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115822,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115824,15808],{"class":53},[47,115826,58],{"class":57},[47,115828,10665],{"class":86},[47,115830,102],{"class":61},[47,115832,58297],{"class":65},[47,115834,102],{"class":61},[47,115836,9483],{"class":86},[47,115838,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115840,15846],{"class":53},[47,115842,94],{"class":86},[47,115844,82271],{"class":90},[47,115846,87],{"class":86},[47,115848,102],{"class":61},[47,115850,37223],{"class":65},[47,115852,102],{"class":61},[47,115854,286],{"class":86},[47,115856,115857],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,115858,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,115860,115861,115863,115865,115867],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,115862,83],{"class":82},[47,115864,87],{"class":86},[47,115866,15846],{"class":90},[47,115868,286],{"class":86},[47,115870,115871],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,115872,115059],{"class":113},[149,115874,1962],{"id":1961},[469,115876,1966,115878,97461],{"id":115877},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115879,97482],{},[20,115881,97464,115882,94],{},[15,115883,3958],{},[469,115885,2049,115886,32401],{"id":32398},[15,115887,15133],{},[20,115889,115890],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[469,115892,2032,115894,837,115896,2037],{"id":115893},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115895,96371],{},[15,115897,15133],{},[20,115899,115900,115902,115903,115905],{},[15,115901,96371],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115904,15133],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[469,115907,115909],{"id":115908},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115911,115912,115913,114908],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115914,15133],{},[469,115916,115918],{"id":115917},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115920,144,115921,11267,115923,94],{},[15,115922,102967],{},[15,115924,15133],{},[149,115926,2062],{"id":2061},[162,115928,115929,115936,115943,115949,115955],{},[165,115930,115931],{},[455,115932,115933],{"href":98668},[15,115934,115935],{},"Python set add() method",[165,115937,115938],{},[455,115939,115940],{"href":102964},[15,115941,115942],{},"Python set union() method",[165,115944,115945],{},[455,115946,115947],{"href":98051},[15,115948,97506],{},[165,115950,115951],{},[455,115952,115953],{"href":99245},[15,115954,100512],{},[165,115956,115957],{},[455,115958,115959,115961],{"href":52770},[15,115960,115728],{}," fix",[20,115963,115964,115965,115967,115968,115970],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115966,96376],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115969,108211],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2093,115972,115973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":115975},[115976,115977,115979,115980,115981,115982,115983,115984,115986,115991,115998,116007],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":114206,"depth":72,"text":115978},"What set.update() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":22146,"depth":72,"text":22147},{"id":114592,"depth":72,"text":114593},{"id":114695,"depth":72,"text":114696},{"id":114902,"depth":72,"text":114903},{"id":115062,"depth":72,"text":115985},"update() vs add()",{"id":115282,"depth":72,"text":115987,"children":115988},"update() vs union()",[115989,115990],{"id":30641,"depth":79,"text":15133},{"id":111437,"depth":79,"text":102967},{"id":115482,"depth":72,"text":115483,"children":115992},[115993,115994,115995,115996],{"id":115490,"depth":79,"text":115491},{"id":115620,"depth":79,"text":115621},{"id":115731,"depth":79,"text":115732},{"id":115803,"depth":79,"text":115997},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":115999},[116000,116002,116003,116005,116006],{"id":115877,"depth":79,"text":116001},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32398,"depth":79,"text":32471},{"id":115893,"depth":79,"text":116004},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115908,"depth":79,"text":115909},{"id":115917,"depth":79,"text":115918},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114118,"description":116008},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116014,"title":116015,"body":116016,"description":117782,"extension":2138,"meta":117783,"navigation":75,"path":13969,"seo":117784,"stem":117785,"__hash__":117786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116017,"toc":117757},[116018,116021,116024,116027,116038,116046,116049,116051,116200,116212,116216,116233,116237,116245,116247,116258,116260,116357,116363,116366,116462,116471,116476,116480,116485,116487,116497,116499,116608,116616,116620,116623,116626,116643,116649,116729,116732,116736,116739,116743,116746,116805,116808,116812,116815,116907,116911,116914,117021,117025,117031,117059,117061,117143,117153,117157,117160,117171,117174,117259,117262,117267,117271,117274,117285,117288,117430,117433,117437,117440,117454,117457,117518,117524,117526,117529,117551,117554,117654,117657,117689,117691,117695,117698,117700,117703,117707,117710,117714,117717,117721,117724,117726,117754],[10,116019,116015],{"id":116020},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116022,116023],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116025,116026],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[162,116028,116029,116032,116035],{},[165,116030,116031],{},"a list inside another list",[165,116033,116034],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[165,116036,116037],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116039,100434,116040,837,116042,116045],{},[3922,116041,13028],{},[3922,116043,116044],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116047,116048],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[149,116050,2179],{"id":2178},[38,116052,116054],{"className":40,"code":116053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116055,116056,116063,116067,116093,116113,116133,116137,116155,116159,116172,116186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116057,116058,116060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116059,35266],{"class":752},[47,116061,116062],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,116064,116065],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116066,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116068,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116070,12263],{"class":53},[47,116072,58],{"class":57},[47,116074,56463],{"class":86},[47,116076,1598],{"class":445},[47,116078,309],{"class":86},[47,116080,1769],{"class":445},[47,116082,18240],{"class":86},[47,116084,3803],{"class":86},[47,116086,2239],{"class":445},[47,116088,309],{"class":86},[47,116090,912],{"class":445},[47,116092,53412],{"class":86},[47,116094,116095,116098,116100,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116096,116097],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,116099,58],{"class":57},[47,116101,116102],{"class":53}," copy",[47,116104,94],{"class":86},[47,116106,13089],{"class":90},[47,116108,87],{"class":86},[47,116110,12310],{"class":90},[47,116112,286],{"class":86},[47,116114,116115,116118,116120,116122,116124,116127,116129,116131],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116116,116117],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,116119,58],{"class":57},[47,116121,116102],{"class":53},[47,116123,94],{"class":86},[47,116125,116126],{"class":90},"deepcopy",[47,116128,87],{"class":86},[47,116130,12310],{"class":90},[47,116132,286],{"class":86},[47,116134,116135],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116136,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116138,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116140,12310],{"class":53},[47,116142,4080],{"class":86},[47,116144,1721],{"class":445},[47,116146,13729],{"class":86},[47,116148,13732],{"class":90},[47,116150,87],{"class":86},[47,116152,56516],{"class":445},[47,116154,286],{"class":86},[47,116156,116157],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,116158,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116160,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,116162,83],{"class":82},[47,116164,87],{"class":86},[47,116166,12310],{"class":90},[47,116168,1696],{"class":86},[47,116170,116171],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116173,116174,116176,116178,116181,116183],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,116175,83],{"class":82},[47,116177,87],{"class":86},[47,116179,116180],{"class":90},"shallow",[47,116182,1696],{"class":86},[47,116184,116185],{"class":113},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116187,116188,116190,116192,116195,116197],{"class":49,"line":11771},[47,116189,83],{"class":82},[47,116191,87],{"class":86},[47,116193,116194],{"class":90},"deep",[47,116196,1696],{"class":86},[47,116198,116199],{"class":113},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116201,144,116202,116205,116206,837,116208,116211],{},[15,116203,116204],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3922,116207,13028],{},[15,116209,116210],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[149,116213,116215],{"id":116214},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[162,116217,116218,116221,116224,116227,116230],{},[165,116219,116220],{},"What a copy means in Python",[165,116222,116223],{},"How shallow copy works",[165,116225,116226],{},"How deep copy works",[165,116228,116229],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[165,116231,116232],{},"When to use each approach",[149,116234,116236],{"id":116235},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116238,15368,116239,116241,116242,116244],{},[3922,116240,13028],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3922,116243,4813],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116246,2284],{},[162,116248,116249,116252,116255],{},[165,116250,116251],{},"the outer container is new",[165,116253,116254],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[165,116256,116257],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116259,183],{},[38,116261,116263],{"className":40,"code":116262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116264,116265,116291,116305,116309,116327,116331,116344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116266,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116268,12263],{"class":53},[47,116270,58],{"class":57},[47,116272,56463],{"class":86},[47,116274,1598],{"class":445},[47,116276,309],{"class":86},[47,116278,1769],{"class":445},[47,116280,18240],{"class":86},[47,116282,3803],{"class":86},[47,116284,2239],{"class":445},[47,116286,309],{"class":86},[47,116288,912],{"class":445},[47,116290,53412],{"class":86},[47,116292,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116294,14491],{"class":53},[47,116296,58],{"class":57},[47,116298,12338],{"class":53},[47,116300,94],{"class":86},[47,116302,13089],{"class":90},[47,116304,8817],{"class":86},[47,116306,116307],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116308,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116310,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116312,14510],{"class":53},[47,116314,94],{"class":86},[47,116316,13732],{"class":90},[47,116318,3163],{"class":86},[47,116320,2313],{"class":445},[47,116322,309],{"class":86},[47,116324,446],{"class":445},[47,116326,4068],{"class":86},[47,116328,116329],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116330,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116334,83],{"class":82},[47,116336,87],{"class":86},[47,116338,12310],{"class":90},[47,116340,1696],{"class":86},[47,116342,116343],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116347,83],{"class":82},[47,116349,87],{"class":86},[47,116351,14510],{"class":90},[47,116353,1696],{"class":86},[47,116355,116356],{"class":113},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116358,116359,116360,116362],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116361,14510],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116364,116365],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,116367,116369],{"className":40,"code":116368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116370,116371,116397,116411,116415,116433,116437,116449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116372,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116374,12263],{"class":53},[47,116376,58],{"class":57},[47,116378,56463],{"class":86},[47,116380,1598],{"class":445},[47,116382,309],{"class":86},[47,116384,1769],{"class":445},[47,116386,18240],{"class":86},[47,116388,3803],{"class":86},[47,116390,2239],{"class":445},[47,116392,309],{"class":86},[47,116394,912],{"class":445},[47,116396,53412],{"class":86},[47,116398,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116400,14491],{"class":53},[47,116402,58],{"class":57},[47,116404,12338],{"class":53},[47,116406,94],{"class":86},[47,116408,13089],{"class":90},[47,116410,8817],{"class":86},[47,116412,116413],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116414,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116416,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116418,14510],{"class":53},[47,116420,4080],{"class":86},[47,116422,1721],{"class":445},[47,116424,13729],{"class":86},[47,116426,13732],{"class":90},[47,116428,87],{"class":86},[47,116430,56516],{"class":445},[47,116432,286],{"class":86},[47,116434,116435],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116436,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116438,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116440,83],{"class":82},[47,116442,87],{"class":86},[47,116444,12310],{"class":90},[47,116446,1696],{"class":86},[47,116448,116171],{"class":113},[47,116450,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116452,83],{"class":82},[47,116454,87],{"class":86},[47,116456,14510],{"class":90},[47,116458,1696],{"class":86},[47,116460,116461],{"class":113},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116463,116464,116465,837,116467,116470],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116466,56620],{},[15,116468,116469],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116472,116473,116474,94],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[455,116475,44108],{"href":12242},[149,116477,116479],{"id":116478},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116481,15368,116482,116484],{},[3922,116483,116044],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116486,2284],{},[162,116488,116489,116491,116494],{},[165,116490,116251],{},[165,116492,116493],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[165,116495,116496],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116498,183],{},[38,116500,116502],{"className":40,"code":116501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116503,116504,116510,116514,116540,116558,116562,116580,116584,116596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116505,116506,116508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116507,35266],{"class":752},[47,116509,116062],{"class":53},[47,116511,116512],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116513,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116515,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116517,12263],{"class":53},[47,116519,58],{"class":57},[47,116521,56463],{"class":86},[47,116523,1598],{"class":445},[47,116525,309],{"class":86},[47,116527,1769],{"class":445},[47,116529,18240],{"class":86},[47,116531,3803],{"class":86},[47,116533,2239],{"class":445},[47,116535,309],{"class":86},[47,116537,912],{"class":445},[47,116539,53412],{"class":86},[47,116541,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116543,14491],{"class":53},[47,116545,58],{"class":57},[47,116547,116102],{"class":53},[47,116549,94],{"class":86},[47,116551,116126],{"class":90},[47,116553,87],{"class":86},[47,116555,12310],{"class":90},[47,116557,286],{"class":86},[47,116559,116560],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116561,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116565,14510],{"class":53},[47,116567,4080],{"class":86},[47,116569,1721],{"class":445},[47,116571,13729],{"class":86},[47,116573,13732],{"class":90},[47,116575,87],{"class":86},[47,116577,56516],{"class":445},[47,116579,286],{"class":86},[47,116581,116582],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116583,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116585,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,116587,83],{"class":82},[47,116589,87],{"class":86},[47,116591,12310],{"class":90},[47,116593,1696],{"class":86},[47,116595,116343],{"class":113},[47,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,116599,83],{"class":82},[47,116601,87],{"class":86},[47,116603,14510],{"class":90},[47,116605,1696],{"class":86},[47,116607,116461],{"class":113},[20,116609,116610,116611,116613,116614,94],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116612,116469],{}," does not change ",[15,116615,56620],{},[149,116617,116619],{"id":116618},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116621,116622],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116624,116625],{},"Common reasons:",[162,116627,116628,116631,116634,116640],{},[165,116629,116630],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[165,116632,116633],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[165,116635,116636,116637,116639],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116638,58],{}," does not make a copy",[165,116641,116642],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116644,116645,116646,116648],{},"For example, this does ",[3922,116647,4813],{}," create a copy:",[38,116650,116652],{"className":40,"code":116651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116653,116654,116674,116682,116686,116700,116704,116716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116655,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116657,12263],{"class":53},[47,116659,58],{"class":57},[47,116661,3803],{"class":86},[47,116663,1598],{"class":445},[47,116665,309],{"class":86},[47,116667,1769],{"class":445},[47,116669,309],{"class":86},[47,116671,2630],{"class":445},[47,116673,3816],{"class":86},[47,116675,116676,116678,116680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116677,14491],{"class":53},[47,116679,58],{"class":57},[47,116681,12301],{"class":53},[47,116683,116684],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116685,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116687,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116689,14510],{"class":53},[47,116691,94],{"class":86},[47,116693,13732],{"class":90},[47,116695,87],{"class":86},[47,116697,2682],{"class":445},[47,116699,286],{"class":86},[47,116701,116702],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116703,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116705,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116707,83],{"class":82},[47,116709,87],{"class":86},[47,116711,12310],{"class":90},[47,116713,1696],{"class":86},[47,116715,55870],{"class":113},[47,116717,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116719,83],{"class":82},[47,116721,87],{"class":86},[47,116723,14510],{"class":90},[47,116725,1696],{"class":86},[47,116727,116728],{"class":113},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116730,116731],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[149,116733,116735],{"id":116734},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116737,116738],{},"These three ideas are different.",[469,116740,116742],{"id":116741},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116744,116745],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,116747,116749],{"className":40,"code":116748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116750,116751,116777,116785,116789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116752,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116754,12263],{"class":53},[47,116756,58],{"class":57},[47,116758,56463],{"class":86},[47,116760,1598],{"class":445},[47,116762,309],{"class":86},[47,116764,1769],{"class":445},[47,116766,18240],{"class":86},[47,116768,3803],{"class":86},[47,116770,2239],{"class":445},[47,116772,309],{"class":86},[47,116774,912],{"class":445},[47,116776,53412],{"class":86},[47,116778,116779,116781,116783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116780,14282],{"class":53},[47,116782,58],{"class":57},[47,116784,12301],{"class":53},[47,116786,116787],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116788,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116790,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116792,83],{"class":82},[47,116794,87],{"class":86},[47,116796,12263],{"class":90},[47,116798,12371],{"class":752},[47,116800,14350],{"class":90},[47,116802,1696],{"class":86},[47,116804,519],{"class":113},[20,116806,116807],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[469,116809,116811],{"id":116810},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116813,116814],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,116816,116818],{"className":40,"code":116817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116819,116820,116846,116860,116864,116881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116823,12263],{"class":53},[47,116825,58],{"class":57},[47,116827,56463],{"class":86},[47,116829,1598],{"class":445},[47,116831,309],{"class":86},[47,116833,1769],{"class":445},[47,116835,18240],{"class":86},[47,116837,3803],{"class":86},[47,116839,2239],{"class":445},[47,116841,309],{"class":86},[47,116843,912],{"class":445},[47,116845,53412],{"class":86},[47,116847,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116849,116097],{"class":53},[47,116851,58],{"class":57},[47,116853,12338],{"class":53},[47,116855,94],{"class":86},[47,116857,13089],{"class":90},[47,116859,8817],{"class":86},[47,116861,116862],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116863,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116865,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874,116877,116879],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116867,83],{"class":82},[47,116869,87],{"class":86},[47,116871,12263],{"class":90},[47,116873,12371],{"class":752},[47,116875,116876],{"class":90}," shallow",[47,116878,1696],{"class":86},[47,116880,419],{"class":113},[47,116882,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116884,83],{"class":82},[47,116886,87],{"class":86},[47,116888,12310],{"class":90},[47,116890,4080],{"class":86},[47,116892,1721],{"class":445},[47,116894,13452],{"class":86},[47,116896,8272],{"class":752},[47,116898,116876],{"class":90},[47,116900,4080],{"class":86},[47,116902,1721],{"class":445},[47,116904,20625],{"class":86},[47,116906,519],{"class":113},[469,116908,116910],{"id":116909},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116912,116913],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,116915,116917],{"className":40,"code":116916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116918,116919,116925,116929,116955,116973,116977,116995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116920,116921,116923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116922,35266],{"class":752},[47,116924,116062],{"class":53},[47,116926,116927],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116928,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116930,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,116932,12263],{"class":53},[47,116934,58],{"class":57},[47,116936,56463],{"class":86},[47,116938,1598],{"class":445},[47,116940,309],{"class":86},[47,116942,1769],{"class":445},[47,116944,18240],{"class":86},[47,116946,3803],{"class":86},[47,116948,2239],{"class":445},[47,116950,309],{"class":86},[47,116952,912],{"class":445},[47,116954,53412],{"class":86},[47,116956,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,116958,116117],{"class":53},[47,116960,58],{"class":57},[47,116962,116102],{"class":53},[47,116964,94],{"class":86},[47,116966,116126],{"class":90},[47,116968,87],{"class":86},[47,116970,12310],{"class":90},[47,116972,286],{"class":86},[47,116974,116975],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,116976,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,116978,116979,116981,116983,116985,116987,116990,116992],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,116980,83],{"class":82},[47,116982,87],{"class":86},[47,116984,12263],{"class":90},[47,116986,12371],{"class":752},[47,116988,116989],{"class":90}," deep",[47,116991,1696],{"class":86},[47,116993,116994],{"class":113},"         # False\n",[47,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,116998,83],{"class":82},[47,117000,87],{"class":86},[47,117002,12310],{"class":90},[47,117004,4080],{"class":86},[47,117006,1721],{"class":445},[47,117008,13452],{"class":86},[47,117010,8272],{"class":752},[47,117012,116989],{"class":90},[47,117014,4080],{"class":86},[47,117016,1721],{"class":445},[47,117018,20625],{"class":86},[47,117020,257],{"class":113},[149,117022,117024],{"id":117023},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117026,117027,117028,3062],{},"These all make ",[3922,117029,117030],{},"shallow copies",[162,117032,117033,117037,117041,117046,117052],{},[165,117034,117035],{},[15,117036,55770],{},[165,117038,117039],{},[15,117040,12612],{},[165,117042,117043],{},[15,117044,117045],{},"set.copy()",[165,117047,117048,117049],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117050,117051],{},"my_list[:]",[165,117053,117054,117056,117057,35256],{},[15,117055,116204],{}," from the ",[15,117058,13089],{},[20,117060,2302],{},[38,117062,117064],{"className":40,"code":117063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117065,117066,117086,117090,117104,117115,117119,117131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117067,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117069,3798],{"class":53},[47,117071,58],{"class":57},[47,117073,3803],{"class":86},[47,117075,1598],{"class":445},[47,117077,309],{"class":86},[47,117079,1769],{"class":445},[47,117081,309],{"class":86},[47,117083,2630],{"class":445},[47,117085,3816],{"class":86},[47,117087,117088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117089,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100,117102],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117093,2732],{"class":53},[47,117095,58],{"class":57},[47,117097,4444],{"class":53},[47,117099,94],{"class":86},[47,117101,13089],{"class":90},[47,117103,8817],{"class":86},[47,117105,117106,117108,117110,117112],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117107,2760],{"class":53},[47,117109,58],{"class":57},[47,117111,4444],{"class":53},[47,117113,117114],{"class":86},"[:]\n",[47,117116,117117],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117118,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,117122,83],{"class":82},[47,117124,87],{"class":86},[47,117126,455],{"class":90},[47,117128,1696],{"class":86},[47,117130,55101],{"class":113},[47,117132,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,117134,83],{"class":82},[47,117136,87],{"class":86},[47,117138,2014],{"class":90},[47,117140,1696],{"class":86},[47,117142,55101],{"class":113},[20,117144,73307,117145,47707,117149,94],{},[455,117146,117147,1168],{"href":55129},[15,117148,55770],{},[455,117150,117151,1168],{"href":12609},[15,117152,12612],{},[149,117154,117156],{"id":117155},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117158,117159],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[162,117161,117162,117165,117168],{},[165,117163,117164],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[165,117166,117167],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[165,117169,117170],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117172,117173],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,117175,117177],{"className":40,"code":117176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117178,117179,117199,117213,117217,117231,117235,117247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117182,12263],{"class":53},[47,117184,58],{"class":57},[47,117186,3803],{"class":86},[47,117188,1598],{"class":445},[47,117190,309],{"class":86},[47,117192,1769],{"class":445},[47,117194,309],{"class":86},[47,117196,2630],{"class":445},[47,117198,3816],{"class":86},[47,117200,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117202,14491],{"class":53},[47,117204,58],{"class":57},[47,117206,12338],{"class":53},[47,117208,94],{"class":86},[47,117210,13089],{"class":90},[47,117212,8817],{"class":86},[47,117214,117215],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117216,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117218,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117220,14510],{"class":53},[47,117222,94],{"class":86},[47,117224,13732],{"class":90},[47,117226,87],{"class":86},[47,117228,2682],{"class":445},[47,117230,286],{"class":86},[47,117232,117233],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117234,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,117238,83],{"class":82},[47,117240,87],{"class":86},[47,117242,12310],{"class":90},[47,117244,1696],{"class":86},[47,117246,55101],{"class":113},[47,117248,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,117250,83],{"class":82},[47,117252,87],{"class":86},[47,117254,14510],{"class":90},[47,117256,1696],{"class":86},[47,117258,116728],{"class":113},[20,117260,117261],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117263,117264,117265,94],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[455,117266,15068],{"href":57389},[149,117268,117270],{"id":117269},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117272,117273],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[162,117275,117276,117279,117282],{},[165,117277,117278],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[165,117280,117281],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[165,117283,117284],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117286,117287],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,117289,117291],{"className":40,"code":117290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117292,117293,117299,117303,117329,117343,117361,117365,117387,117391,117404,117417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117294,117295,117297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117296,35266],{"class":752},[47,117298,116062],{"class":53},[47,117300,117301],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117302,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117304,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117306,12263],{"class":53},[47,117308,58],{"class":57},[47,117310,10665],{"class":86},[47,117312,102],{"class":61},[47,117314,16569],{"class":65},[47,117316,102],{"class":61},[47,117318,3062],{"class":86},[47,117320,3803],{"class":86},[47,117322,2509],{"class":445},[47,117324,309],{"class":86},[47,117326,7966],{"class":445},[47,117328,13885],{"class":86},[47,117330,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117332,116097],{"class":53},[47,117334,58],{"class":57},[47,117336,12338],{"class":53},[47,117338,94],{"class":86},[47,117340,13089],{"class":90},[47,117342,8817],{"class":86},[47,117344,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117346,116117],{"class":53},[47,117348,58],{"class":57},[47,117350,116102],{"class":53},[47,117352,94],{"class":86},[47,117354,116126],{"class":90},[47,117356,87],{"class":86},[47,117358,12310],{"class":90},[47,117360,286],{"class":86},[47,117362,117363],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,117364,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117366,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,117368,12310],{"class":53},[47,117370,4080],{"class":86},[47,117372,102],{"class":61},[47,117374,16569],{"class":65},[47,117376,102],{"class":61},[47,117378,13729],{"class":86},[47,117380,13732],{"class":90},[47,117382,87],{"class":86},[47,117384,37017],{"class":445},[47,117386,286],{"class":86},[47,117388,117389],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,117390,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117392,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,117394,83],{"class":82},[47,117396,87],{"class":86},[47,117398,12310],{"class":90},[47,117400,1696],{"class":86},[47,117402,117403],{"class":113},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117405,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414],{"class":49,"line":6613},[47,117407,83],{"class":82},[47,117409,87],{"class":86},[47,117411,116180],{"class":90},[47,117413,1696],{"class":86},[47,117415,117416],{"class":113},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117418,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427],{"class":49,"line":11771},[47,117420,83],{"class":82},[47,117422,87],{"class":86},[47,117424,116194],{"class":90},[47,117426,1696],{"class":86},[47,117428,117429],{"class":113},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117431,117432],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[149,117434,117436],{"id":117435},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117438,117439],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[162,117441,117442,117445,117448,117451],{},[165,117443,117444],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[165,117446,117447],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[165,117449,117450],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[165,117452,117453],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117455,117456],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,117458,117460],{"className":40,"code":117459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117461,117462,117470,117478,117482,117490,117494,117506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117463,117464,117466,117468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117465,2732],{"class":53},[47,117467,58],{"class":57},[47,117469,2765],{"class":445},[47,117471,117472,117474,117476],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117473,2760],{"class":53},[47,117475,58],{"class":57},[47,117477,36350],{"class":53},[47,117479,117480],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117481,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117483,117484,117486,117488],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117485,2760],{"class":53},[47,117487,58],{"class":57},[47,117489,14794],{"class":445},[47,117491,117492],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117493,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,117497,83],{"class":82},[47,117499,87],{"class":86},[47,117501,455],{"class":90},[47,117503,1696],{"class":86},[47,117505,26973],{"class":113},[47,117507,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,117509,83],{"class":82},[47,117511,87],{"class":86},[47,117513,2014],{"class":90},[47,117515,1696],{"class":86},[47,117517,27793],{"class":113},[20,117519,93676,117520,117523],{},[455,117521,117522],{"href":12242},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[149,117525,1425],{"id":1424},[20,117527,117528],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[162,117530,117531,117535,117540,117545,117548],{},[165,117532,831,117533,56953],{},[15,117534,58],{},[165,117536,831,117537,117539],{},[15,117538,55770],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[165,117541,831,117542,117544],{},[15,117543,12612],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[165,117546,117547],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[165,117549,117550],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117552,117553],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,117555,117557],{"className":40,"code":117556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117558,117559,117573,117587,117609,117640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117560,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117562,83],{"class":82},[47,117564,87],{"class":86},[47,117566,12263],{"class":90},[47,117568,12371],{"class":752},[47,117570,14564],{"class":90},[47,117572,286],{"class":86},[47,117574,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117576,83],{"class":82},[47,117578,87],{"class":86},[47,117580,12263],{"class":90},[47,117582,4871],{"class":57},[47,117584,14564],{"class":90},[47,117586,286],{"class":86},[47,117588,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117590,83],{"class":82},[47,117592,87],{"class":86},[47,117594,12827],{"class":82},[47,117596,87],{"class":86},[47,117598,12310],{"class":90},[47,117600,9408],{"class":86},[47,117602,14996],{"class":82},[47,117604,87],{"class":86},[47,117606,14510],{"class":90},[47,117608,1879],{"class":86},[47,117610,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117612,83],{"class":82},[47,117614,87],{"class":86},[47,117616,12827],{"class":82},[47,117618,87],{"class":86},[47,117620,12310],{"class":90},[47,117622,4080],{"class":86},[47,117624,1721],{"class":445},[47,117626,117627],{"class":86},"]),",[47,117629,14996],{"class":82},[47,117631,87],{"class":86},[47,117633,14510],{"class":90},[47,117635,4080],{"class":86},[47,117637,1721],{"class":445},[47,117639,3176],{"class":86},[47,117641,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117643,83],{"class":82},[47,117645,87],{"class":86},[47,117647,1872],{"class":1570},[47,117649,87],{"class":86},[47,117651,12310],{"class":90},[47,117653,1879],{"class":86},[20,117655,117656],{},"What they tell you:",[162,117658,117659,117664,117669,117674,117684],{},[165,117660,117661,117663],{},[15,117662,12371],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[165,117665,117666,117668],{},[15,117667,4871],{}," checks whether values are equal",[165,117670,117671,117673],{},[15,117672,43662],{}," shows the identity of an object",[165,117675,117676,117677,837,117680,117683],{},"comparing ",[15,117678,117679],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117681,117682],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[165,117685,117686,117688],{},[15,117687,2480],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[149,117690,1962],{"id":1961},[469,117692,117694],{"id":117693},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117696,117697],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[469,117699,57439],{"id":57354},[20,117701,117702],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[469,117704,117706],{"id":117705},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117708,117709],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[469,117711,117713],{"id":117712},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117715,117716],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[469,117718,117720],{"id":117719},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117722,117723],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[149,117725,2062],{"id":2061},[162,117727,117728,117733,117739,117745,117749],{},[165,117729,117730],{},[455,117731,117732],{"href":12242},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[165,117734,117735],{},[455,117736,3755,117737,1168],{"href":55129},[15,117738,55770],{},[165,117740,117741],{},[455,117742,3755,117743,1168],{"href":12609},[15,117744,12612],{},[165,117746,117747],{},[455,117748,15144],{"href":57389},[165,117750,117751],{},[455,117752,117753],{"href":58664},"What is a list in Python?",[2093,117755,117756],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":117758},[117759,117760,117761,117762,117763,117764,117769,117770,117771,117772,117773,117774,117781],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":116214,"depth":72,"text":116215},{"id":116235,"depth":72,"text":116236},{"id":116478,"depth":72,"text":116479},{"id":116618,"depth":72,"text":116619},{"id":116734,"depth":72,"text":116735,"children":117765},[117766,117767,117768],{"id":116741,"depth":79,"text":116742},{"id":116810,"depth":79,"text":116811},{"id":116909,"depth":79,"text":116910},{"id":117023,"depth":72,"text":117024},{"id":117155,"depth":72,"text":117156},{"id":117269,"depth":72,"text":117270},{"id":117435,"depth":72,"text":117436},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":117775},[117776,117777,117778,117779,117780],{"id":117693,"depth":79,"text":117694},{"id":57354,"depth":79,"text":57439},{"id":117705,"depth":79,"text":117706},{"id":117712,"depth":79,"text":117713},{"id":117719,"depth":79,"text":117720},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116015,"description":117782},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117788,"title":117789,"body":117790,"description":119647,"extension":2138,"meta":119648,"navigation":75,"path":119649,"seo":119650,"stem":119651,"__hash__":119652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117791,"toc":119605},[117792,117797,117802,117810,117812,117880,117885,117890,117905,117908,117910,117941,117943,117963,117966,117981,117983,117986,118059,118061,118106,118108,118119,118124,118128,118133,118136,118175,118177,118197,118200,118257,118259,118294,118297,118336,118338,118358,118361,118392,118394,118450,118452,118457,118528,118530,118563,118568,118573,118638,118640,118677,118680,118757,118759,118819,118826,118831,118834,118837,118918,118920,118961,118966,118969,119047,119049,119082,119091,119098,119101,119112,119115,119126,119130,119138,119147,119151,119156,119160,119165,119208,119211,119217,119220,119222,119269,119274,119278,119281,119330,119332,119353,119356,119358,119383,119386,119507,119512,119514,119519,119522,119527,119530,119538,119543,119550,119553,119561,119564,119566,119602],[10,117793,3755,117795,3759],{"id":117794},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117796,74591],{},[20,117798,117799,117801],{},[15,117800,74591],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117803,117804,117805,2366,117807,117809],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117806,78033],{},[15,117808,74591],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[149,117811,3788],{"id":3787},[38,117813,117815],{"className":40,"code":117814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117816,117817,117837,117851,117855,117867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117818,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117820,3798],{"class":53},[47,117822,58],{"class":57},[47,117824,3803],{"class":86},[47,117826,2239],{"class":445},[47,117828,309],{"class":86},[47,117830,5677],{"class":445},[47,117832,309],{"class":86},[47,117834,1769],{"class":445},[47,117836,3816],{"class":86},[47,117838,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117840,2407],{"class":53},[47,117842,58],{"class":57},[47,117844,74725],{"class":82},[47,117846,87],{"class":86},[47,117848,3830],{"class":90},[47,117850,286],{"class":86},[47,117852,117853],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,117854,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,117856,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,117858,83],{"class":82},[47,117860,87],{"class":86},[47,117862,2442],{"class":90},[47,117864,1696],{"class":86},[47,117866,55857],{"class":113},[47,117868,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,117870,83],{"class":82},[47,117872,87],{"class":86},[47,117874,3830],{"class":90},[47,117876,1696],{"class":86},[47,117878,117879],{"class":113},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117881,117882,117884],{},[15,117883,74591],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[149,117886,152,117888,155],{"id":117887},"what-sorted-does",[15,117889,74591],{},[162,117891,117892,117896,117899,117902],{},[165,117893,117894,63094],{},[15,117895,74591],{},[165,117897,117898],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[165,117900,117901],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[165,117903,117904],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117906,117907],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[149,117909,261],{"id":260},[38,117911,117913],{"className":40,"code":117912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117914,117915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117916,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117918,74681],{"class":82},[47,117920,87],{"class":86},[47,117922,3899],{"class":90},[47,117924,309],{"class":86},[47,117926,21756],{"class":9350},[47,117928,58],{"class":57},[47,117930,3958],{"class":4032},[47,117932,309],{"class":86},[47,117934,78236],{"class":9350},[47,117936,58],{"class":57},[47,117938,35],{"class":4032},[47,117940,286],{"class":86},[469,117942,17574],{"id":17573},[162,117944,117945,117950,117955],{},[165,117946,117947,117949],{},[15,117948,3899],{},": the values to sort",[165,117951,117952,117954],{},[15,117953,15021],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[165,117956,117957,117959,117960,117962],{},[15,117958,73744],{},": set to ",[15,117961,31],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117964,117965],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,117967,117969],{"className":40,"code":117968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117970,117971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117972,117973,117975,117977,117979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117974,74681],{"class":82},[47,117976,87],{"class":86},[47,117978,60478],{"class":90},[47,117980,286],{"class":86},[149,117982,11651],{"id":11650},[20,117984,117985],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,117987,117989],{"className":40,"code":117988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117990,117991,118015,118019,118034,118038,118049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117992,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117994,3798],{"class":53},[47,117996,58],{"class":57},[47,117998,3803],{"class":86},[47,118000,2313],{"class":445},[47,118002,309],{"class":86},[47,118004,1769],{"class":445},[47,118006,309],{"class":86},[47,118008,943],{"class":445},[47,118010,309],{"class":86},[47,118012,5677],{"class":445},[47,118014,3816],{"class":86},[47,118016,118017],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118018,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,118020,118021,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,118022,118023],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,118025,58],{"class":57},[47,118027,74725],{"class":82},[47,118029,87],{"class":86},[47,118031,3830],{"class":90},[47,118033,286],{"class":86},[47,118035,118036],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,118037,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,118039,118040,118042,118044,118047],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,118041,83],{"class":82},[47,118043,87],{"class":86},[47,118045,118046],{"class":90},"sorted_numbers",[47,118048,286],{"class":86},[47,118050,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,118052,83],{"class":82},[47,118054,87],{"class":86},[47,118056,3830],{"class":90},[47,118058,286],{"class":86},[20,118060,814],{},[38,118062,118064],{"className":40,"code":118063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118065,118066,118086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118067,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118069,4080],{"class":86},[47,118071,1598],{"class":445},[47,118073,309],{"class":86},[47,118075,1769],{"class":445},[47,118077,309],{"class":86},[47,118079,4787],{"class":445},[47,118081,309],{"class":86},[47,118083,943],{"class":445},[47,118085,3816],{"class":86},[47,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118089,4080],{"class":86},[47,118091,2313],{"class":445},[47,118093,309],{"class":86},[47,118095,1769],{"class":445},[47,118097,309],{"class":86},[47,118099,943],{"class":445},[47,118101,309],{"class":86},[47,118103,5677],{"class":445},[47,118105,3816],{"class":86},[20,118107,13942],{},[162,118109,118110,118115],{},[165,118111,118112,118114],{},[15,118113,118046],{}," is a new sorted list",[165,118116,118117,112651],{},[15,118118,3830],{},[20,118120,118121,118122,94],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[455,118123,78543],{"href":78542},[149,118125,118127],{"id":118126},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118129,118130,118132],{},[15,118131,74591],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[469,118134,118135],{"id":8269},"List",[38,118137,118139],{"className":40,"code":118138,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118140,118141,118161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118142,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118144,3798],{"class":53},[47,118146,58],{"class":57},[47,118148,3803],{"class":86},[47,118150,2239],{"class":445},[47,118152,309],{"class":86},[47,118154,5677],{"class":445},[47,118156,309],{"class":86},[47,118158,1769],{"class":445},[47,118160,3816],{"class":86},[47,118162,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118164,83],{"class":82},[47,118166,87],{"class":86},[47,118168,74681],{"class":82},[47,118170,87],{"class":86},[47,118172,3830],{"class":90},[47,118174,1879],{"class":86},[20,118176,814],{},[38,118178,118179],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118180,118181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118182,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118184,4080],{"class":86},[47,118186,1598],{"class":445},[47,118188,309],{"class":86},[47,118190,1769],{"class":445},[47,118192,309],{"class":86},[47,118194,2630],{"class":445},[47,118196,3816],{"class":86},[469,118198,118199],{"id":49126},"Tuple",[38,118201,118203],{"className":40,"code":118202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118204,118205,118225,118239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118206,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118208,4003],{"class":53},[47,118210,58],{"class":57},[47,118212,1067],{"class":86},[47,118214,2239],{"class":445},[47,118216,309],{"class":86},[47,118218,5677],{"class":445},[47,118220,309],{"class":86},[47,118222,1769],{"class":445},[47,118224,286],{"class":86},[47,118226,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118228,83],{"class":82},[47,118230,87],{"class":86},[47,118232,74681],{"class":82},[47,118234,87],{"class":86},[47,118236,5538],{"class":90},[47,118238,1879],{"class":86},[47,118240,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,118242,83],{"class":82},[47,118244,87],{"class":86},[47,118246,1872],{"class":1570},[47,118248,87],{"class":86},[47,118250,74681],{"class":82},[47,118252,87],{"class":86},[47,118254,5538],{"class":90},[47,118256,1958],{"class":86},[20,118258,814],{},[38,118260,118262],{"className":40,"code":118261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118263,118264,118280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118265,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118267,4080],{"class":86},[47,118269,1598],{"class":445},[47,118271,309],{"class":86},[47,118273,1769],{"class":445},[47,118275,309],{"class":86},[47,118277,2630],{"class":445},[47,118279,3816],{"class":86},[47,118281,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118283,3468],{"class":57},[47,118285,3471],{"class":2242},[47,118287,3474],{"class":61},[47,118289,8269],{"class":65},[47,118291,3479],{"class":61},[47,118293,3482],{"class":57},[469,118295,118296],{"id":6467},"Set",[38,118298,118300],{"className":40,"code":118299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118301,118302,118322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118303,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118305,4003],{"class":53},[47,118307,58],{"class":57},[47,118309,10665],{"class":86},[47,118311,2239],{"class":445},[47,118313,309],{"class":86},[47,118315,5677],{"class":445},[47,118317,309],{"class":86},[47,118319,1769],{"class":445},[47,118321,9483],{"class":86},[47,118323,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118325,83],{"class":82},[47,118327,87],{"class":86},[47,118329,74681],{"class":82},[47,118331,87],{"class":86},[47,118333,5538],{"class":90},[47,118335,1879],{"class":86},[20,118337,814],{},[38,118339,118340],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118341,118342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118343,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118345,4080],{"class":86},[47,118347,1598],{"class":445},[47,118349,309],{"class":86},[47,118351,1769],{"class":445},[47,118353,309],{"class":86},[47,118355,2630],{"class":445},[47,118357,3816],{"class":86},[469,118359,118360],{"id":274},"String",[38,118362,118364],{"className":40,"code":118363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118365,118366,118378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118369,54],{"class":53},[47,118371,58],{"class":57},[47,118373,62],{"class":61},[47,118375,42],{"class":65},[47,118377,69],{"class":61},[47,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118381,83],{"class":82},[47,118383,87],{"class":86},[47,118385,74681],{"class":82},[47,118387,87],{"class":86},[47,118389,91],{"class":90},[47,118391,1879],{"class":86},[20,118393,814],{},[38,118395,118396],{"className":40,"code":79559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118397,118398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118399,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118401,4080],{"class":86},[47,118403,3479],{"class":61},[47,118405,60608],{"class":65},[47,118407,3479],{"class":61},[47,118409,309],{"class":86},[47,118411,3474],{"class":61},[47,118413,76196],{"class":65},[47,118415,3479],{"class":61},[47,118417,309],{"class":86},[47,118419,3474],{"class":61},[47,118421,60643],{"class":65},[47,118423,3479],{"class":61},[47,118425,309],{"class":86},[47,118427,3474],{"class":61},[47,118429,20],{"class":65},[47,118431,3479],{"class":61},[47,118433,309],{"class":86},[47,118435,3474],{"class":61},[47,118437,63455],{"class":65},[47,118439,3479],{"class":61},[47,118441,309],{"class":86},[47,118443,3474],{"class":61},[47,118445,11922],{"class":65},[47,118447,3479],{"class":61},[47,118449,3816],{"class":86},[469,118451,29400],{"id":15784},[20,118453,63708,118454,118456],{},[15,118455,74591],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,118458,118460],{"className":40,"code":118459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118461,118462,118514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118465,13383],{"class":53},[47,118467,58],{"class":57},[47,118469,10665],{"class":86},[47,118471,102],{"class":61},[47,118473,214],{"class":65},[47,118475,102],{"class":61},[47,118477,3062],{"class":86},[47,118479,62],{"class":61},[47,118481,13058],{"class":65},[47,118483,102],{"class":61},[47,118485,309],{"class":86},[47,118487,62],{"class":61},[47,118489,9473],{"class":65},[47,118491,102],{"class":61},[47,118493,3062],{"class":86},[47,118495,7966],{"class":445},[47,118497,309],{"class":86},[47,118499,62],{"class":61},[47,118501,10583],{"class":65},[47,118503,102],{"class":61},[47,118505,3062],{"class":86},[47,118507,62],{"class":61},[47,118509,16211],{"class":65},[47,118511,102],{"class":61},[47,118513,9483],{"class":86},[47,118515,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118517,83],{"class":82},[47,118519,87],{"class":86},[47,118521,74681],{"class":82},[47,118523,87],{"class":86},[47,118525,17486],{"class":90},[47,118527,1879],{"class":86},[20,118529,814],{},[38,118531,118533],{"className":40,"code":118532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118534,118535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118536,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118538,4080],{"class":86},[47,118540,3479],{"class":61},[47,118542,9473],{"class":65},[47,118544,3479],{"class":61},[47,118546,309],{"class":86},[47,118548,3474],{"class":61},[47,118550,10583],{"class":65},[47,118552,3479],{"class":61},[47,118554,309],{"class":86},[47,118556,3474],{"class":61},[47,118558,214],{"class":65},[47,118560,3479],{"class":61},[47,118562,3816],{"class":86},[149,118564,831,118566],{"id":118565},"using-reversetrue",[15,118567,78257],{},[20,118569,144,118570,118572],{},[15,118571,78257],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,118574,118576],{"className":40,"code":118575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118577,118578,118598,118602,118616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118579,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118581,3798],{"class":53},[47,118583,58],{"class":57},[47,118585,3803],{"class":86},[47,118587,2239],{"class":445},[47,118589,309],{"class":86},[47,118591,5677],{"class":445},[47,118593,309],{"class":86},[47,118595,1769],{"class":445},[47,118597,3816],{"class":86},[47,118599,118600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118601,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,118603,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,118605,83],{"class":82},[47,118607,87],{"class":86},[47,118609,74681],{"class":82},[47,118611,87],{"class":86},[47,118613,3830],{"class":90},[47,118615,1879],{"class":86},[47,118617,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,118619,83],{"class":82},[47,118621,87],{"class":86},[47,118623,74681],{"class":82},[47,118625,87],{"class":86},[47,118627,3830],{"class":90},[47,118629,309],{"class":86},[47,118631,78236],{"class":9350},[47,118633,58],{"class":57},[47,118635,31],{"class":4032},[47,118637,1879],{"class":86},[20,118639,814],{},[38,118641,118643],{"className":40,"code":118642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118644,118645,118661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118646,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118648,4080],{"class":86},[47,118650,1598],{"class":445},[47,118652,309],{"class":86},[47,118654,1769],{"class":445},[47,118656,309],{"class":86},[47,118658,2630],{"class":445},[47,118660,3816],{"class":86},[47,118662,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118664,4080],{"class":86},[47,118666,2239],{"class":445},[47,118668,309],{"class":86},[47,118670,1769],{"class":445},[47,118672,309],{"class":86},[47,118674,5677],{"class":445},[47,118676,3816],{"class":86},[20,118678,118679],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,118681,118683],{"className":40,"code":118682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118684,118685,118717,118721,118735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118686,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118688,4251],{"class":53},[47,118690,58],{"class":57},[47,118692,3803],{"class":86},[47,118694,102],{"class":61},[47,118696,4260],{"class":65},[47,118698,102],{"class":61},[47,118700,309],{"class":86},[47,118702,62],{"class":61},[47,118704,491],{"class":65},[47,118706,102],{"class":61},[47,118708,309],{"class":86},[47,118710,62],{"class":61},[47,118712,4277],{"class":65},[47,118714,102],{"class":61},[47,118716,3816],{"class":86},[47,118718,118719],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118720,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,118722,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,118724,83],{"class":82},[47,118726,87],{"class":86},[47,118728,74681],{"class":82},[47,118730,87],{"class":86},[47,118732,4294],{"class":90},[47,118734,1879],{"class":86},[47,118736,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,118738,83],{"class":82},[47,118740,87],{"class":86},[47,118742,74681],{"class":82},[47,118744,87],{"class":86},[47,118746,4294],{"class":90},[47,118748,309],{"class":86},[47,118750,78236],{"class":9350},[47,118752,58],{"class":57},[47,118754,31],{"class":4032},[47,118756,1879],{"class":86},[20,118758,814],{},[38,118760,118761],{"className":40,"code":74325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118762,118763,118791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118764,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118766,4080],{"class":86},[47,118768,3479],{"class":61},[47,118770,4260],{"class":65},[47,118772,3479],{"class":61},[47,118774,309],{"class":86},[47,118776,3474],{"class":61},[47,118778,491],{"class":65},[47,118780,3479],{"class":61},[47,118782,309],{"class":86},[47,118784,3474],{"class":61},[47,118786,4277],{"class":65},[47,118788,3479],{"class":61},[47,118790,3816],{"class":86},[47,118792,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118794,4080],{"class":86},[47,118796,3479],{"class":61},[47,118798,4277],{"class":65},[47,118800,3479],{"class":61},[47,118802,309],{"class":86},[47,118804,3474],{"class":61},[47,118806,491],{"class":65},[47,118808,3479],{"class":61},[47,118810,309],{"class":86},[47,118812,3474],{"class":61},[47,118814,4260],{"class":65},[47,118816,3479],{"class":61},[47,118818,3816],{"class":86},[149,118820,831,118822,118825],{"id":118821},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118823,118824],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118827,842,118828,118830],{},[15,118829,118824],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118832,118833],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118835,118836],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,118838,118840],{"className":40,"code":118839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118841,118842,118882,118886,118908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118843,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118845,4251],{"class":53},[47,118847,58],{"class":57},[47,118849,3803],{"class":86},[47,118851,102],{"class":61},[47,118853,78910],{"class":65},[47,118855,102],{"class":61},[47,118857,309],{"class":86},[47,118859,62],{"class":61},[47,118861,38533],{"class":65},[47,118863,102],{"class":61},[47,118865,309],{"class":86},[47,118867,62],{"class":61},[47,118869,491],{"class":65},[47,118871,102],{"class":61},[47,118873,309],{"class":86},[47,118875,62],{"class":61},[47,118877,38516],{"class":65},[47,118879,102],{"class":61},[47,118881,3816],{"class":86},[47,118883,118884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118885,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,118887,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,118889,2407],{"class":53},[47,118891,58],{"class":57},[47,118893,74725],{"class":82},[47,118895,87],{"class":86},[47,118897,4294],{"class":90},[47,118899,309],{"class":86},[47,118901,21756],{"class":9350},[47,118903,58],{"class":57},[47,118905,11337],{"class":82},[47,118907,286],{"class":86},[47,118909,118910,118912,118914,118916],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,118911,83],{"class":82},[47,118913,87],{"class":86},[47,118915,2442],{"class":90},[47,118917,286],{"class":86},[20,118919,814],{},[38,118921,118923],{"className":40,"code":118922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118924,118925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118926,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118928,4080],{"class":86},[47,118930,3479],{"class":61},[47,118932,38533],{"class":65},[47,118934,3479],{"class":61},[47,118936,309],{"class":86},[47,118938,3474],{"class":61},[47,118940,78910],{"class":65},[47,118942,3479],{"class":61},[47,118944,309],{"class":86},[47,118946,3474],{"class":61},[47,118948,38516],{"class":65},[47,118950,3479],{"class":61},[47,118952,309],{"class":86},[47,118954,3474],{"class":61},[47,118956,491],{"class":65},[47,118958,3479],{"class":61},[47,118960,3816],{"class":86},[20,118962,340,118963,118965],{},[15,118964,11337],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118967,118968],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,118970,118972],{"className":40,"code":118971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118973,118974,119007,119011,119037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118975,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119003,119005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118977,4251],{"class":53},[47,118979,58],{"class":57},[47,118981,3803],{"class":86},[47,118983,102],{"class":61},[47,118985,83528],{"class":65},[47,118987,102],{"class":61},[47,118989,309],{"class":86},[47,118991,62],{"class":61},[47,118993,4260],{"class":65},[47,118995,102],{"class":61},[47,118997,309],{"class":86},[47,118999,62],{"class":61},[47,119001,119002],{"class":65},"Cherry",[47,119004,102],{"class":61},[47,119006,3816],{"class":86},[47,119008,119009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119010,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,119012,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,119014,2407],{"class":53},[47,119016,58],{"class":57},[47,119018,74725],{"class":82},[47,119020,87],{"class":86},[47,119022,4294],{"class":90},[47,119024,309],{"class":86},[47,119026,21756],{"class":9350},[47,119028,58],{"class":57},[47,119030,3622],{"class":1570},[47,119032,94],{"class":86},[47,119034,1300],{"class":24927},[47,119036,286],{"class":86},[47,119038,119039,119041,119043,119045],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,119040,83],{"class":82},[47,119042,87],{"class":86},[47,119044,2442],{"class":90},[47,119046,286],{"class":86},[20,119048,814],{},[38,119050,119052],{"className":40,"code":119051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119053,119054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119055,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119057,4080],{"class":86},[47,119059,3479],{"class":61},[47,119061,4260],{"class":65},[47,119063,3479],{"class":61},[47,119065,309],{"class":86},[47,119067,3474],{"class":61},[47,119069,83528],{"class":65},[47,119071,3479],{"class":61},[47,119073,309],{"class":86},[47,119075,3474],{"class":61},[47,119077,119002],{"class":65},[47,119079,3479],{"class":61},[47,119081,3816],{"class":86},[20,119083,119084,119085,35505,119087,94],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119086,42536],{},[455,119088,3755,119089,3688],{"href":42533},[15,119090,42536],{},[149,119092,119094,10760,119096],{"id":119093},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119095,74591],{},[15,119097,78033],{},[20,119099,119100],{},"The main difference is this:",[162,119102,119103,119108],{},[165,119104,119105,119107],{},[15,119106,74591],{}," returns a new list",[165,119109,119110,74129],{},[15,119111,78033],{},[20,119113,119114],{},"Also:",[162,119116,119117,119122],{},[165,119118,119119,119121],{},[15,119120,74591],{}," works with many iterables",[165,119123,119124,79465],{},[15,119125,78033],{},[20,119127,144,119128,10776],{},[15,119129,74591],{},[162,119131,119132,119135],{},[165,119133,119134],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[165,119136,119137],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119139,119140,119141,94],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[455,119142,3755,119143,10760,119145,5962],{"href":79291},[15,119144,74591],{},[15,119146,78033],{},[149,119148,119150],{"id":119149},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119152,119153,119154,94],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119155,74591],{},[469,119157,119159],{"id":119158},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119161,119162,119163,3062],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119164,3182],{},[38,119166,119168],{"className":40,"code":119167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119169,119170,119194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119171,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119173,4003],{"class":53},[47,119175,58],{"class":57},[47,119177,3803],{"class":86},[47,119179,1598],{"class":445},[47,119181,309],{"class":86},[47,119183,62],{"class":61},[47,119185,2233],{"class":65},[47,119187,102],{"class":61},[47,119189,309],{"class":86},[47,119191,2630],{"class":445},[47,119193,3816],{"class":86},[47,119195,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119197,83],{"class":82},[47,119199,87],{"class":86},[47,119201,74681],{"class":82},[47,119203,87],{"class":86},[47,119205,5538],{"class":90},[47,119207,1879],{"class":86},[20,119209,119210],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[469,119212,119214,119215,2481],{"id":119213},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119216,15021],{},[20,119218,119219],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119221,183],{},[38,119223,119225],{"className":40,"code":119224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119226,119227,119247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119228,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119230,3798],{"class":53},[47,119232,58],{"class":57},[47,119234,3803],{"class":86},[47,119236,2509],{"class":445},[47,119238,309],{"class":86},[47,119240,1769],{"class":445},[47,119242,309],{"class":86},[47,119244,7971],{"class":445},[47,119246,3816],{"class":86},[47,119248,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119250,83],{"class":82},[47,119252,87],{"class":86},[47,119254,74681],{"class":82},[47,119256,87],{"class":86},[47,119258,3830],{"class":90},[47,119260,309],{"class":86},[47,119262,21756],{"class":9350},[47,119264,58],{"class":57},[47,119266,11337],{"class":82},[47,119268,1879],{"class":86},[20,119270,48684,119271,119273],{},[15,119272,42536],{}," does not work on integers.",[469,119275,119277],{"id":119276},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119279,119280],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,119282,119284],{"className":40,"code":119283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119285,119286,119306,119316,119320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119287,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119289,3798],{"class":53},[47,119291,58],{"class":57},[47,119293,3803],{"class":86},[47,119295,2239],{"class":445},[47,119297,309],{"class":86},[47,119299,5677],{"class":445},[47,119301,309],{"class":86},[47,119303,1769],{"class":445},[47,119305,3816],{"class":86},[47,119307,119308,119310,119312,119314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119309,74681],{"class":82},[47,119311,87],{"class":86},[47,119313,3830],{"class":90},[47,119315,286],{"class":86},[47,119317,119318],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,119319,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,119321,119322,119324,119326,119328],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,119323,83],{"class":82},[47,119325,87],{"class":86},[47,119327,3830],{"class":90},[47,119329,286],{"class":86},[20,119331,814],{},[38,119333,119335],{"className":40,"code":119334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119336,119337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119338,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119340,4080],{"class":86},[47,119342,2239],{"class":445},[47,119344,309],{"class":86},[47,119346,5677],{"class":445},[47,119348,309],{"class":86},[47,119350,1769],{"class":445},[47,119352,3816],{"class":86},[20,119354,119355],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[149,119357,1425],{"id":1424},[162,119359,119360,119364,119367,119372,119376],{},[165,119361,4761,119362,74129],{},[15,119363,74591],{},[165,119365,119366],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[165,119368,1710,119369,119371],{},[15,119370,74591],{}," always returns a list",[165,119373,831,119374,23280],{},[15,119375,118824],{},[165,119377,1519,119378,119380,119381],{},[15,119379,64480],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119382,74591],{},[20,119384,119385],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,119387,119389],{"className":40,"code":119388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119390,119391,119413,119439,119477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119392,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119394,83],{"class":82},[47,119396,87],{"class":86},[47,119398,74681],{"class":82},[47,119400,3163],{"class":86},[47,119402,2239],{"class":445},[47,119404,309],{"class":86},[47,119406,5677],{"class":445},[47,119408,309],{"class":86},[47,119410,1769],{"class":445},[47,119412,3176],{"class":86},[47,119414,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119416,83],{"class":82},[47,119418,87],{"class":86},[47,119420,1872],{"class":1570},[47,119422,87],{"class":86},[47,119424,74681],{"class":82},[47,119426,675],{"class":86},[47,119428,2239],{"class":445},[47,119430,309],{"class":86},[47,119432,5677],{"class":445},[47,119434,309],{"class":86},[47,119436,1769],{"class":445},[47,119438,93532],{"class":86},[47,119440,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,119442,83],{"class":82},[47,119444,87],{"class":86},[47,119446,74681],{"class":82},[47,119448,3163],{"class":86},[47,119450,3479],{"class":61},[47,119452,83528],{"class":65},[47,119454,3479],{"class":61},[47,119456,309],{"class":86},[47,119458,3474],{"class":61},[47,119460,4260],{"class":65},[47,119462,3479],{"class":61},[47,119464,18240],{"class":86},[47,119466,21756],{"class":9350},[47,119468,58],{"class":57},[47,119470,3622],{"class":1570},[47,119472,94],{"class":86},[47,119474,1300],{"class":24927},[47,119476,1879],{"class":86},[47,119478,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,119480,83],{"class":82},[47,119482,87],{"class":86},[47,119484,74681],{"class":82},[47,119486,3163],{"class":86},[47,119488,2239],{"class":445},[47,119490,309],{"class":86},[47,119492,5677],{"class":445},[47,119494,309],{"class":86},[47,119496,1769],{"class":445},[47,119498,18240],{"class":86},[47,119500,78236],{"class":9350},[47,119502,58],{"class":57},[47,119504,31],{"class":4032},[47,119506,1879],{"class":86},[20,119508,119509,119510,94],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[455,119511,52941],{"href":51150},[149,119513,1962],{"id":1961},[469,119515,1966,119517,57333],{"id":119516},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119518,74591],{},[20,119520,119521],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[469,119523,5323,119525,12893],{"id":119524},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119526,74591],{},[20,119528,119529],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[469,119531,119533,119534,11267,119536,2037],{"id":119532},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119535,74591],{},[15,119537,78033],{},[20,119539,144,119540,119542],{},[15,119541,74591],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[469,119544,5323,119546,86616,119548,2037],{"id":119545},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119547,118824],{},[15,119549,74591],{},[20,119551,119552],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[469,119554,5338,119556,119558,119559,2037],{"id":119555},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119557,74591],{}," give a ",[15,119560,3182],{},[20,119562,119563],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[149,119565,2062],{"id":2061},[162,119567,119568,119572,119580,119584,119590,119596],{},[165,119569,119570],{},[455,119571,80038],{"href":78542},[165,119573,119574],{},[455,119575,3755,119576,10760,119578,5962],{"href":79291},[15,119577,74591],{},[15,119579,78033],{},[165,119581,119582],{},[455,119583,52941],{"href":51150},[165,119585,119586],{},[455,119587,3755,119588,3688],{"href":42533},[15,119589,42536],{},[165,119591,119592],{},[455,119593,3755,119594,3688],{"href":92188},[15,119595,35925],{},[165,119597,119598],{},[455,119599,3755,119600,3688],{"href":36370},[15,119601,36373],{},[2093,119603,119604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":119606},[119607,119608,119610,119613,119614,119621,119623,119625,119627,119633,119634,119646],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":117887,"depth":72,"text":119609},"What sorted() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":119611},[119612],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":118126,"depth":72,"text":118127,"children":119615},[119616,119617,119618,119619,119620],{"id":8269,"depth":79,"text":118135},{"id":49126,"depth":79,"text":118199},{"id":6467,"depth":79,"text":118296},{"id":274,"depth":79,"text":118360},{"id":15784,"depth":79,"text":29400},{"id":118565,"depth":72,"text":119622},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118821,"depth":72,"text":119624},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119093,"depth":72,"text":119626},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119149,"depth":72,"text":119150,"children":119628},[119629,119630,119632],{"id":119158,"depth":79,"text":119159},{"id":119213,"depth":79,"text":119631},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119276,"depth":79,"text":119277},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":119635},[119636,119638,119640,119642,119644],{"id":119516,"depth":79,"text":119637},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119524,"depth":79,"text":119639},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119532,"depth":79,"text":119641},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119545,"depth":79,"text":119643},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119555,"depth":79,"text":119645},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117789,"description":119647},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119654,"title":119655,"body":119656,"description":121767,"extension":2138,"meta":121768,"navigation":75,"path":79291,"seo":121769,"stem":121770,"__hash__":121771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119657,"toc":121714},[119658,119665,119668,119678,119684,119687,119705,119713,119715,119774,119782,119786,119808,119812,119816,119818,119835,119837,119849,119855,119939,119943,119990,119996,120003,120007,120012,120014,120026,120031,120084,120088,120108,120115,120122,120126,120129,120148,120152,120266,120270,120340,120342,120354,120359,120363,120376,120380,120455,120459,120498,120505,120511,120516,120520,120534,120538,120603,120607,120640,120643,120648,120656,120663,120676,120679,120683,120766,120770,120807,120811,120914,120918,120979,120984,120991,120995,120998,121004,121007,121074,121078,121102,121104,121122,121129,121182,121186,121206,121212,121214,121271,121278,121304,121309,121314,121322,121328,121388,121392,121439,121442,121444,121447,121473,121476,121569,121571,121591,121595,121598,121616,121622,121624,121632,121637,121644,121647,121653,121656,121662,121670,121678,121683,121685,121711],[10,119659,3755,119661,10760,119663,93246],{"id":119660},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119662,74591],{},[15,119664,78033],{},[20,119666,119667],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[162,119669,119670,119674],{},[165,119671,119672],{},[15,119673,74591],{},[165,119675,119676],{},[15,119677,78033],{},[20,119679,119680,119681,119683],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3922,119682,4813],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119685,119686],{},"The main difference is simple:",[162,119688,119689,119697],{},[165,119690,144,119691,119693,119694],{},[15,119692,74591],{}," when you want a ",[3922,119695,119696],{},"new sorted result",[165,119698,144,119699,119701,119702],{},[15,119700,78033],{}," when you want to ",[3922,119703,119704],{},"change the original list",[20,119706,119707,119708,2576,119710,119712],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119709,78033],{},[15,119711,3958],{}," and causes confusion.",[149,119714,3788],{"id":3787},[38,119716,119718],{"className":40,"code":119717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119719,119720,119740,119744,119761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119721,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119723,3798],{"class":53},[47,119725,58],{"class":57},[47,119727,3803],{"class":86},[47,119729,2239],{"class":445},[47,119731,309],{"class":86},[47,119733,5677],{"class":445},[47,119735,309],{"class":86},[47,119737,1769],{"class":445},[47,119739,3816],{"class":86},[47,119741,119742],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119743,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,119745,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,119747,56059],{"class":53},[47,119749,58],{"class":57},[47,119751,74725],{"class":82},[47,119753,87],{"class":86},[47,119755,3830],{"class":90},[47,119757,1696],{"class":86},[47,119759,119760],{"class":113},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,119762,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,119764,3830],{"class":53},[47,119766,94],{"class":86},[47,119768,34974],{"class":90},[47,119770,7541],{"class":86},[47,119772,119773],{"class":113},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119775,144,119776,119778,119779,119781],{},[15,119777,74591],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119780,78033],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[149,119783,119785],{"id":119784},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[162,119787,119788,119793,119798,119805],{},[165,119789,144,119790,119792],{},[15,119791,74591],{}," to get a new sorted list",[165,119794,144,119795,119797],{},[15,119796,78033],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[165,119799,119800,119801,2576,119803],{},"Understand why ",[15,119802,78033],{},[15,119804,3958],{},[165,119806,119807],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[149,119809,152,119810,155],{"id":117887},[15,119811,74591],{},[20,119813,119814,63094],{},[15,119815,74591],{},[20,119817,49100],{},[162,119819,119820,119826,119832],{},[165,119821,119822,119823],{},"returns a ",[3922,119824,119825],{},"new list",[165,119827,119828,119829,119831],{},"does ",[3922,119830,4813],{}," change the original data",[165,119833,119834],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119836,51303],{},[162,119838,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847],{},[165,119840,5479],{},[165,119842,5482],{},[165,119844,5488],{},[165,119846,5485],{},[165,119848,36086],{},[469,119850,35253,119852,119854],{"id":119851},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119853,74591],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,119856,119858],{"className":40,"code":119857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119859,119860,119880,119884,119898,119902,119920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119861,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119863,3798],{"class":53},[47,119865,58],{"class":57},[47,119867,3803],{"class":86},[47,119869,2239],{"class":445},[47,119871,309],{"class":86},[47,119873,5677],{"class":445},[47,119875,309],{"class":86},[47,119877,1769],{"class":445},[47,119879,3816],{"class":86},[47,119881,119882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119883,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,119885,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,119887,2407],{"class":53},[47,119889,58],{"class":57},[47,119891,74725],{"class":82},[47,119893,87],{"class":86},[47,119895,3830],{"class":90},[47,119897,286],{"class":86},[47,119899,119900],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,119901,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,119903,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,119905,83],{"class":82},[47,119907,87],{"class":86},[47,119909,102],{"class":61},[47,119911,12331],{"class":65},[47,119913,102],{"class":61},[47,119915,309],{"class":86},[47,119917,4444],{"class":90},[47,119919,286],{"class":86},[47,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928,119931,119933,119935,119937],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,119923,83],{"class":82},[47,119925,87],{"class":86},[47,119927,102],{"class":61},[47,119929,119930],{"class":65},"sorted result:",[47,119932,102],{"class":61},[47,119934,309],{"class":86},[47,119936,81382],{"class":90},[47,119938,286],{"class":86},[20,119940,119941],{},[3922,119942,814],{},[38,119944,119946],{"className":40,"code":119945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119947,119948,119968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119949,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119951,12310],{"class":53},[47,119953,3062],{"class":86},[47,119955,3803],{"class":86},[47,119957,2239],{"class":445},[47,119959,309],{"class":86},[47,119961,5677],{"class":445},[47,119963,309],{"class":86},[47,119965,1769],{"class":445},[47,119967,3816],{"class":86},[47,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119971,74681],{"class":82},[47,119973,81382],{"class":53},[47,119975,3062],{"class":86},[47,119977,3803],{"class":86},[47,119979,1598],{"class":445},[47,119981,309],{"class":86},[47,119983,1769],{"class":445},[47,119985,309],{"class":86},[47,119987,2630],{"class":445},[47,119989,3816],{"class":86},[20,119991,119992,119993,119995],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119994,3830],{}," stays the same.",[20,119997,119998,119999,94],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[455,120000,3755,120001,3688],{"href":74688},[15,120002,74591],{},[149,120004,152,120005,155],{"id":78099},[15,120006,78033],{},[20,120008,120009,120011],{},[15,120010,64480],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120013,49100],{},[162,120015,120016,120019,120022],{},[165,120017,120018],{},"changes the original list directly",[165,120020,120021],{},"only works on lists",[165,120023,3870,120024],{},[15,120025,3958],{},[469,120027,35253,120029,74129],{"id":120028},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120030,78033],{},[38,120032,120034],{"className":40,"code":120033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120035,120036,120056,120060,120070,120074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120037,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120039,3798],{"class":53},[47,120041,58],{"class":57},[47,120043,3803],{"class":86},[47,120045,2239],{"class":445},[47,120047,309],{"class":86},[47,120049,5677],{"class":445},[47,120051,309],{"class":86},[47,120053,1769],{"class":445},[47,120055,3816],{"class":86},[47,120057,120058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120059,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120061,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120063,3830],{"class":53},[47,120065,94],{"class":86},[47,120067,34974],{"class":90},[47,120069,8817],{"class":86},[47,120071,120072],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120073,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120075,120076,120078,120080,120082],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120077,83],{"class":82},[47,120079,87],{"class":86},[47,120081,3830],{"class":90},[47,120083,286],{"class":86},[20,120085,120086],{},[3922,120087,814],{},[38,120089,120090],{"className":40,"code":55319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120091,120092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120093,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120095,4080],{"class":86},[47,120097,1598],{"class":445},[47,120099,309],{"class":86},[47,120101,1769],{"class":445},[47,120103,309],{"class":86},[47,120105,2630],{"class":445},[47,120107,3816],{"class":86},[20,120109,120110,120111,120114],{},"After calling ",[15,120112,120113],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120116,120117,120118,94],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[455,120119,3755,120120,1168],{"href":74941},[15,120121,78033],{},[149,120123,120125],{"id":120124},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120127,120128],{},"Here is the core difference:",[162,120130,120131,120140],{},[165,120132,120133,120136,120137],{},[15,120134,120135],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3922,120138,120139],{},"new sorted list",[165,120141,120142,120145,120146,74499],{},[15,120143,120144],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120147,8515],{},[469,120149,120151],{"id":120150},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,120153,120155],{"className":40,"code":120154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120156,120157,120177,120181,120195,120214,120233,120237,120247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120158,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120160,3798],{"class":53},[47,120162,58],{"class":57},[47,120164,3803],{"class":86},[47,120166,2313],{"class":445},[47,120168,309],{"class":86},[47,120170,1769],{"class":445},[47,120172,309],{"class":86},[47,120174,912],{"class":445},[47,120176,3816],{"class":86},[47,120178,120179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120180,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120182,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120184,2732],{"class":53},[47,120186,58],{"class":57},[47,120188,74725],{"class":82},[47,120190,87],{"class":86},[47,120192,3830],{"class":90},[47,120194,286],{"class":86},[47,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120206,120208,120210,120212],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120198,83],{"class":82},[47,120200,87],{"class":86},[47,120202,102],{"class":61},[47,120204,120205],{"class":65},"numbers after sorted():",[47,120207,102],{"class":61},[47,120209,309],{"class":86},[47,120211,4444],{"class":90},[47,120213,286],{"class":86},[47,120215,120216,120218,120220,120222,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120217,83],{"class":82},[47,120219,87],{"class":86},[47,120221,102],{"class":61},[47,120223,120224],{"class":65},"a:",[47,120226,102],{"class":61},[47,120228,309],{"class":86},[47,120230,57057],{"class":90},[47,120232,286],{"class":86},[47,120234,120235],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,120236,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120238,120239,120241,120243,120245],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,120240,3830],{"class":53},[47,120242,94],{"class":86},[47,120244,34974],{"class":90},[47,120246,8817],{"class":86},[47,120248,120249,120251,120253,120255,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,120250,83],{"class":82},[47,120252,87],{"class":86},[47,120254,102],{"class":61},[47,120256,120257],{"class":65},"numbers after sort():",[47,120259,102],{"class":61},[47,120261,309],{"class":86},[47,120263,4444],{"class":90},[47,120265,286],{"class":86},[20,120267,120268],{},[3922,120269,814],{},[38,120271,120273],{"className":40,"code":120272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120274,120275,120298,120318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120276,120277,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120278,120279],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,120281,74681],{"class":82},[47,120283,29761],{"class":86},[47,120285,3803],{"class":86},[47,120287,2313],{"class":445},[47,120289,309],{"class":86},[47,120291,1769],{"class":445},[47,120293,309],{"class":86},[47,120295,912],{"class":445},[47,120297,3816],{"class":86},[47,120299,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120301,455],{"class":53},[47,120303,3062],{"class":86},[47,120305,3803],{"class":86},[47,120307,2233],{"class":445},[47,120309,309],{"class":86},[47,120311,912],{"class":445},[47,120313,309],{"class":86},[47,120315,4787],{"class":445},[47,120317,3816],{"class":86},[47,120319,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120321,120279],{"class":53},[47,120323,34974],{"class":90},[47,120325,29761],{"class":86},[47,120327,3803],{"class":86},[47,120329,2233],{"class":445},[47,120331,309],{"class":86},[47,120333,912],{"class":445},[47,120335,309],{"class":86},[47,120337,4787],{"class":445},[47,120339,3816],{"class":86},[20,120341,10888],{},[162,120343,120344,120349],{},[165,120345,120346,120348],{},[15,120347,74591],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[165,120350,120351,120353],{},[15,120352,64480],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[149,120355,1321,120357],{"id":120356},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120358,74591],{},[20,120360,144,120361,10776],{},[15,120362,74591],{},[162,120364,120365,120368,120370,120373],{},[165,120366,120367],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[165,120369,119137],{},[165,120371,120372],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[165,120374,120375],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[469,120377,120379],{"id":120378},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,120381,120383],{"className":40,"code":120382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120384,120385,120409,120413,120427,120431,120441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120388,3798],{"class":53},[47,120390,58],{"class":57},[47,120392,1067],{"class":86},[47,120394,2682],{"class":445},[47,120396,309],{"class":86},[47,120398,5677],{"class":445},[47,120400,309],{"class":86},[47,120402,2630],{"class":445},[47,120404,309],{"class":86},[47,120406,1769],{"class":445},[47,120408,286],{"class":86},[47,120410,120411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120412,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120414,120415,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120416,2407],{"class":53},[47,120418,58],{"class":57},[47,120420,74725],{"class":82},[47,120422,87],{"class":86},[47,120424,3830],{"class":90},[47,120426,286],{"class":86},[47,120428,120429],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120430,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120432,120433,120435,120437,120439],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120434,83],{"class":82},[47,120436,87],{"class":86},[47,120438,2442],{"class":90},[47,120440,286],{"class":86},[47,120442,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,120444,83],{"class":82},[47,120446,87],{"class":86},[47,120448,1872],{"class":1570},[47,120450,87],{"class":86},[47,120452,2442],{"class":90},[47,120454,1879],{"class":86},[20,120456,120457],{},[3922,120458,814],{},[38,120460,120462],{"className":40,"code":120461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120463,120464,120484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120465,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120467,4080],{"class":86},[47,120469,1598],{"class":445},[47,120471,309],{"class":86},[47,120473,1769],{"class":445},[47,120475,309],{"class":86},[47,120477,2630],{"class":445},[47,120479,309],{"class":86},[47,120481,912],{"class":445},[47,120483,3816],{"class":86},[47,120485,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120487,3468],{"class":57},[47,120489,3471],{"class":2242},[47,120491,3474],{"class":61},[47,120493,8269],{"class":65},[47,120495,3479],{"class":61},[47,120497,3482],{"class":57},[20,120499,2464,120500,120502,120503,94],{},[15,120501,74591],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3922,120504,8269],{},[20,120506,120507,120508,120510],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[455,120509,52941],{"href":51150}," is a helpful next step.",[149,120512,1321,120514],{"id":120513},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120515,78033],{},[20,120517,144,120518,10776],{},[15,120519,78033],{},[162,120521,120522,120525,120528,120531],{},[165,120523,120524],{},"you already have a list",[165,120526,120527],{},"you want to update that list directly",[165,120529,120530],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[165,120532,120533],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[469,120535,120537],{"id":120536},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,120539,120541],{"className":40,"code":120540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120542,120543,120575,120579,120589,120593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120544,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120546,5175],{"class":53},[47,120548,58],{"class":57},[47,120550,3803],{"class":86},[47,120552,102],{"class":61},[47,120554,5202],{"class":65},[47,120556,102],{"class":61},[47,120558,309],{"class":86},[47,120560,62],{"class":61},[47,120562,5184],{"class":65},[47,120564,102],{"class":61},[47,120566,309],{"class":86},[47,120568,62],{"class":61},[47,120570,5193],{"class":65},[47,120572,102],{"class":61},[47,120574,3816],{"class":86},[47,120576,120577],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120578,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120580,120581,120583,120585,120587],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120582,5219],{"class":53},[47,120584,94],{"class":86},[47,120586,34974],{"class":90},[47,120588,8817],{"class":86},[47,120590,120591],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120592,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120594,120595,120597,120599,120601],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120596,83],{"class":82},[47,120598,87],{"class":86},[47,120600,5219],{"class":90},[47,120602,286],{"class":86},[20,120604,120605],{},[3922,120606,814],{},[38,120608,120610],{"className":40,"code":120609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120611,120612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120613,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120615,4080],{"class":86},[47,120617,3479],{"class":61},[47,120619,5184],{"class":65},[47,120621,3479],{"class":61},[47,120623,309],{"class":86},[47,120625,3474],{"class":61},[47,120627,5193],{"class":65},[47,120629,3479],{"class":61},[47,120631,309],{"class":86},[47,120633,3474],{"class":61},[47,120635,5202],{"class":65},[47,120637,3479],{"class":61},[47,120639,3816],{"class":86},[20,120641,120642],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120644,120645,120646,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[455,120647,80038],{"href":78542},[149,120649,120651,837,120653,120655],{"id":120650},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120652,73744],{},[15,120654,15021],{}," work with both",[20,120657,10765,120658,837,120660,120662],{},[15,120659,74591],{},[15,120661,78033],{}," support:",[162,120664,120665,120670],{},[165,120666,120667,120669],{},[15,120668,78257],{}," for descending order",[165,120671,120672,120675],{},[15,120673,120674],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120677,120678],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[469,120680,120682],{"id":120681},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,120684,120686],{"className":40,"code":120685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120687,120688,120708,120712,120734,120738,120756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120689,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120691,3798],{"class":53},[47,120693,58],{"class":57},[47,120695,3803],{"class":86},[47,120697,2239],{"class":445},[47,120699,309],{"class":86},[47,120701,5677],{"class":445},[47,120703,309],{"class":86},[47,120705,1769],{"class":445},[47,120707,3816],{"class":86},[47,120709,120710],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120711,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120713,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120715,83],{"class":82},[47,120717,87],{"class":86},[47,120719,74681],{"class":82},[47,120721,87],{"class":86},[47,120723,3830],{"class":90},[47,120725,309],{"class":86},[47,120727,78236],{"class":9350},[47,120729,58],{"class":57},[47,120731,31],{"class":4032},[47,120733,1879],{"class":86},[47,120735,120736],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120737,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120739,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120741,3830],{"class":53},[47,120743,94],{"class":86},[47,120745,34974],{"class":90},[47,120747,87],{"class":86},[47,120749,73744],{"class":9350},[47,120751,58],{"class":57},[47,120753,31],{"class":4032},[47,120755,286],{"class":86},[47,120757,120758,120760,120762,120764],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,120759,83],{"class":82},[47,120761,87],{"class":86},[47,120763,3830],{"class":90},[47,120765,286],{"class":86},[20,120767,120768],{},[3922,120769,814],{},[38,120771,120773],{"className":40,"code":120772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120774,120775,120791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120776,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120778,4080],{"class":86},[47,120780,2239],{"class":445},[47,120782,309],{"class":86},[47,120784,1769],{"class":445},[47,120786,309],{"class":86},[47,120788,5677],{"class":445},[47,120790,3816],{"class":86},[47,120792,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120794,4080],{"class":86},[47,120796,2239],{"class":445},[47,120798,309],{"class":86},[47,120800,1769],{"class":445},[47,120802,309],{"class":86},[47,120804,5677],{"class":445},[47,120806,3816],{"class":86},[469,120808,120810],{"id":120809},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,120812,120814],{"className":40,"code":120813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120815,120816,120848,120852,120878,120882,120904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120817,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120819,4251],{"class":53},[47,120821,58],{"class":57},[47,120823,3803],{"class":86},[47,120825,102],{"class":61},[47,120827,83528],{"class":65},[47,120829,102],{"class":61},[47,120831,309],{"class":86},[47,120833,62],{"class":61},[47,120835,4260],{"class":65},[47,120837,102],{"class":61},[47,120839,309],{"class":86},[47,120841,62],{"class":61},[47,120843,119002],{"class":65},[47,120845,102],{"class":61},[47,120847,3816],{"class":86},[47,120849,120850],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120851,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,120855,83],{"class":82},[47,120857,87],{"class":86},[47,120859,74681],{"class":82},[47,120861,87],{"class":86},[47,120863,4294],{"class":90},[47,120865,309],{"class":86},[47,120867,21756],{"class":9350},[47,120869,58],{"class":57},[47,120871,3622],{"class":1570},[47,120873,94],{"class":86},[47,120875,1300],{"class":24927},[47,120877,1879],{"class":86},[47,120879,120880],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,120881,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,120883,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,120885,4294],{"class":53},[47,120887,94],{"class":86},[47,120889,34974],{"class":90},[47,120891,87],{"class":86},[47,120893,15021],{"class":9350},[47,120895,58],{"class":57},[47,120897,3622],{"class":1570},[47,120899,94],{"class":86},[47,120901,1300],{"class":24927},[47,120903,286],{"class":86},[47,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,120907,83],{"class":82},[47,120909,87],{"class":86},[47,120911,4294],{"class":90},[47,120913,286],{"class":86},[20,120915,120916],{},[3922,120917,814],{},[38,120919,120921],{"className":40,"code":120920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120922,120923,120951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120924,120925,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120926,4080],{"class":86},[47,120928,3479],{"class":61},[47,120930,4260],{"class":65},[47,120932,3479],{"class":61},[47,120934,309],{"class":86},[47,120936,3474],{"class":61},[47,120938,83528],{"class":65},[47,120940,3479],{"class":61},[47,120942,309],{"class":86},[47,120944,3474],{"class":61},[47,120946,119002],{"class":65},[47,120948,3479],{"class":61},[47,120950,3816],{"class":86},[47,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120954,4080],{"class":86},[47,120956,3479],{"class":61},[47,120958,4260],{"class":65},[47,120960,3479],{"class":61},[47,120962,309],{"class":86},[47,120964,3474],{"class":61},[47,120966,83528],{"class":65},[47,120968,3479],{"class":61},[47,120970,309],{"class":86},[47,120972,3474],{"class":61},[47,120974,119002],{"class":65},[47,120976,3479],{"class":61},[47,120978,3816],{"class":86},[20,120980,831,120981,120983],{},[15,120982,78751],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120985,120986,120987,94],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[455,120988,120990],{"href":120989},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[149,120992,120994],{"id":120993},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120996,120997],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[469,120999,121001,121002,12775],{"id":121000},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121003,78033],{},[20,121005,121006],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,121008,121010],{"className":40,"code":121009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121011,121012,121032,121036,121050,121054,121064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121015,3798],{"class":53},[47,121017,58],{"class":57},[47,121019,3803],{"class":86},[47,121021,2239],{"class":445},[47,121023,309],{"class":86},[47,121025,5677],{"class":445},[47,121027,309],{"class":86},[47,121029,1769],{"class":445},[47,121031,3816],{"class":86},[47,121033,121034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121035,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121039,2407],{"class":53},[47,121041,58],{"class":57},[47,121043,4444],{"class":53},[47,121045,94],{"class":86},[47,121047,34974],{"class":90},[47,121049,8817],{"class":86},[47,121051,121052],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121053,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121055,121056,121058,121060,121062],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121057,83],{"class":82},[47,121059,87],{"class":86},[47,121061,2442],{"class":90},[47,121063,286],{"class":86},[47,121065,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,121067,83],{"class":82},[47,121069,87],{"class":86},[47,121071,3830],{"class":90},[47,121073,286],{"class":86},[20,121075,121076],{},[3922,121077,814],{},[38,121079,121080],{"className":40,"code":79374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121081,121082,121086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121083,121084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121085,11985],{"class":4032},[47,121087,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121089,4080],{"class":86},[47,121091,1598],{"class":445},[47,121093,309],{"class":86},[47,121095,1769],{"class":445},[47,121097,309],{"class":86},[47,121099,2630],{"class":445},[47,121101,3816],{"class":86},[20,121103,12077],{},[162,121105,121106,121111,121116],{},[165,121107,121108,121110],{},[15,121109,120113],{}," sorts the list in place",[165,121112,35190,121113,121115],{},[3922,121114,4813],{}," return the sorted list",[165,121117,90152,121118,42330,121120],{},[15,121119,2442],{},[15,121121,3958],{},[469,121123,121125,121126,121128],{"id":121124},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121127,74591],{}," to change the original list",[38,121130,121132],{"className":40,"code":121131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121133,121134,121154,121158,121168,121172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121135,121136,121138,121140,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121137,3798],{"class":53},[47,121139,58],{"class":57},[47,121141,3803],{"class":86},[47,121143,2239],{"class":445},[47,121145,309],{"class":86},[47,121147,5677],{"class":445},[47,121149,309],{"class":86},[47,121151,1769],{"class":445},[47,121153,3816],{"class":86},[47,121155,121156],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121157,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121159,121160,121162,121164,121166],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121161,74681],{"class":82},[47,121163,87],{"class":86},[47,121165,3830],{"class":90},[47,121167,286],{"class":86},[47,121169,121170],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121171,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121173,121174,121176,121178,121180],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121175,83],{"class":82},[47,121177,87],{"class":86},[47,121179,3830],{"class":90},[47,121181,286],{"class":86},[20,121183,121184],{},[3922,121185,814],{},[38,121187,121188],{"className":40,"code":119334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121189,121190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121191,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121193,4080],{"class":86},[47,121195,2239],{"class":445},[47,121197,309],{"class":86},[47,121199,5677],{"class":445},[47,121201,309],{"class":86},[47,121203,1769],{"class":445},[47,121205,3816],{"class":86},[20,121207,121208,121211],{},[15,121209,121210],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121213,10982],{},[38,121215,121217],{"className":40,"code":121216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121218,121219,121239,121243,121257,121261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121220,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231,121233,121235,121237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121222,3798],{"class":53},[47,121224,58],{"class":57},[47,121226,3803],{"class":86},[47,121228,2239],{"class":445},[47,121230,309],{"class":86},[47,121232,5677],{"class":445},[47,121234,309],{"class":86},[47,121236,1769],{"class":445},[47,121238,3816],{"class":86},[47,121240,121241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121242,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121246,55811],{"class":53},[47,121248,58],{"class":57},[47,121250,74725],{"class":82},[47,121252,87],{"class":86},[47,121254,3830],{"class":90},[47,121256,286],{"class":86},[47,121258,121259],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121260,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121262,121263,121265,121267,121269],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121264,83],{"class":82},[47,121266,87],{"class":86},[47,121268,55830],{"class":90},[47,121270,286],{"class":86},[469,121272,121274,121275,121277],{"id":121273},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121276,64480],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,121279,121280],{"className":40,"code":79475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121281,121282,121294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121283,121284,121286,121288,121290,121292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121285,54],{"class":53},[47,121287,58],{"class":57},[47,121289,62],{"class":61},[47,121291,42],{"class":65},[47,121293,69],{"class":61},[47,121295,121296,121298,121300,121302],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121297,91],{"class":53},[47,121299,94],{"class":86},[47,121301,34974],{"class":90},[47,121303,8817],{"class":86},[20,121305,121306,121307,33776],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121308,64480],{},[20,121310,121311,121313],{},[15,121312,64480],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121315,121316,121317,121319,121320,94],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121318,74591],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[455,121321,5317],{"href":5765},[469,121323,121325,121326,119371],{"id":121324},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121327,74591],{},[38,121329,121331],{"className":40,"code":121330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121332,121333,121346,121360,121364,121374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121334,121335,121337,121339,121341,121344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121336,54],{"class":53},[47,121338,58],{"class":57},[47,121340,62],{"class":61},[47,121342,121343],{"class":65},"cab",[47,121345,69],{"class":61},[47,121347,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121349,2407],{"class":53},[47,121351,58],{"class":57},[47,121353,74725],{"class":82},[47,121355,87],{"class":86},[47,121357,91],{"class":90},[47,121359,286],{"class":86},[47,121361,121362],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121363,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121365,121366,121368,121370,121372],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121367,83],{"class":82},[47,121369,87],{"class":86},[47,121371,2442],{"class":90},[47,121373,286],{"class":86},[47,121375,121376,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121377,83],{"class":82},[47,121379,87],{"class":86},[47,121381,1872],{"class":1570},[47,121383,87],{"class":86},[47,121385,2442],{"class":90},[47,121387,1879],{"class":86},[20,121389,121390],{},[3922,121391,814],{},[38,121393,121395],{"className":40,"code":121394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121396,121397,121425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121398,121399,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121400,4080],{"class":86},[47,121402,3479],{"class":61},[47,121404,455],{"class":65},[47,121406,3479],{"class":61},[47,121408,309],{"class":86},[47,121410,3474],{"class":61},[47,121412,2014],{"class":65},[47,121414,3479],{"class":61},[47,121416,309],{"class":86},[47,121418,3474],{"class":61},[47,121420,9913],{"class":65},[47,121422,3479],{"class":61},[47,121424,3816],{"class":86},[47,121426,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435,121437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121428,3468],{"class":57},[47,121430,3471],{"class":2242},[47,121432,3474],{"class":61},[47,121434,8269],{"class":65},[47,121436,3479],{"class":61},[47,121438,3482],{"class":57},[20,121440,121441],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[149,121443,113892],{"id":113891},[20,121445,121446],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[162,121448,121449,121452,121457,121462,121468],{},[165,121450,121451],{},"confusing a function with a method",[165,121453,121454,121455,53814],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121456,64480],{},[165,121458,121459,121460,12775],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121461,78033],{},[165,121463,121464,121465,121467],{},"trying to use ",[15,121466,64480],{}," on non-list data types",[165,121469,50677,121470,121472],{},[15,121471,74591],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121474,121475],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,121477,121479],{"className":40,"code":121478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121480,121481,121491,121505,121530,121545,121555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121482,121483,121485,121487,121489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121484,83],{"class":82},[47,121486,87],{"class":86},[47,121488,8515],{"class":90},[47,121490,286],{"class":86},[47,121492,121493,121495,121497,121499,121501,121503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121494,83],{"class":82},[47,121496,87],{"class":86},[47,121498,74681],{"class":82},[47,121500,87],{"class":86},[47,121502,8515],{"class":90},[47,121504,1879],{"class":86},[47,121506,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515,121517,121519,121522,121524,121526,121528],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121508,2407],{"class":53},[47,121510,58],{"class":57},[47,121512,8571],{"class":53},[47,121514,94],{"class":86},[47,121516,34974],{"class":90},[47,121518,7541],{"class":86},[47,121520,121521],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121523,83],{"class":82},[47,121525,87],{"class":86},[47,121527,2442],{"class":90},[47,121529,286],{"class":86},[47,121531,121532,121534,121536,121538,121540,121543],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121533,83],{"class":82},[47,121535,87],{"class":86},[47,121537,1872],{"class":1570},[47,121539,87],{"class":86},[47,121541,121542],{"class":90},"my_data",[47,121544,1879],{"class":86},[47,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121548,32327],{"class":82},[47,121550,87],{"class":86},[47,121552,74681],{"class":82},[47,121554,286],{"class":86},[47,121556,121557,121559,121561,121563,121565,121567],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,121558,32327],{"class":82},[47,121560,87],{"class":86},[47,121562,8269],{"class":1570},[47,121564,94],{"class":86},[47,121566,34974],{"class":24927},[47,121568,286],{"class":86},[20,121570,84538],{},[162,121572,121573,121576,121580,121588],{},[165,121574,121575],{},"whether your original list changed",[165,121577,26197,121578,11882],{},[15,121579,74591],{},[165,121581,121582,121583,121585,121586],{},"whether ",[15,121584,64480],{}," returned ",[15,121587,3958],{},[165,121589,121590],{},"what type of object you are working with",[149,121592,121594],{"id":121593},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121596,121597],{},"Use this rule:",[162,121599,121600,121608],{},[165,121601,121602,121603,121605,121606],{},"Need a ",[3922,121604,119696],{},": use ",[15,121607,74591],{},[165,121609,121610,121611,121605,121614],{},"Need to ",[3922,121612,121613],{},"change one list directly",[15,121615,78033],{},[20,121617,121618,121619,121621],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121620,74591],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[149,121623,1962],{"id":1961},[469,121625,121627,121628,32,121630,2037],{"id":121626},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121629,74591],{},[15,121631,78033],{},[20,121633,121634,121636],{},[15,121635,74591],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[469,121638,5338,121640,5341,121642,2037],{"id":121639},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121641,78033],{},[15,121643,3958],{},[20,121645,121646],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[469,121648,1980,121650,121652],{"id":121649},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121651,74591],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121654,121655],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[469,121657,2049,121659,121661],{"id":121658},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121660,64480],{}," on a string?",[20,121663,46538,121664,121666,121667,40104],{},[15,121665,64480],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121668,121669],{},"sorted(string)",[469,121671,11996,121673,837,121675,121677],{"id":121672},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121674,74591],{},[15,121676,64480],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121679,121680,121681,94],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121682,78257],{},[149,121684,2062],{"id":2061},[162,121686,121687,121693,121699,121703,121707],{},[165,121688,121689],{},[455,121690,3755,121691,3688],{"href":74688},[15,121692,74591],{},[165,121694,121695],{},[455,121696,3755,121697,1168],{"href":74941},[15,121698,78033],{},[165,121700,121701],{},[455,121702,80038],{"href":78542},[165,121704,121705],{},[455,121706,120990],{"href":120989},[165,121708,121709],{},[455,121710,52941],{"href":51150},[2093,121712,121713],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":121715},[121716,121717,121718,121722,121726,121729,121733,121737,121742,121752,121753,121754,121766],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":119784,"depth":72,"text":119785},{"id":117887,"depth":72,"text":119609,"children":121719},[121720],{"id":119851,"depth":79,"text":121721},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78099,"depth":72,"text":80060,"children":121723},[121724],{"id":120028,"depth":79,"text":121725},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120124,"depth":72,"text":120125,"children":121727},[121728],{"id":120150,"depth":79,"text":120151},{"id":120356,"depth":72,"text":121730,"children":121731},"When to use sorted()",[121732],{"id":120378,"depth":79,"text":120379},{"id":120513,"depth":72,"text":121734,"children":121735},"When to use list.sort()",[121736],{"id":120536,"depth":79,"text":120537},{"id":120650,"depth":72,"text":121738,"children":121739},"reverse and key work with both",[121740,121741],{"id":120681,"depth":79,"text":120682},{"id":120809,"depth":79,"text":120810},{"id":120993,"depth":72,"text":120994,"children":121743},[121744,121746,121748,121750],{"id":121000,"depth":79,"text":121745},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121124,"depth":79,"text":121747},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121273,"depth":79,"text":121749},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121324,"depth":79,"text":121751},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113891,"depth":72,"text":113892},{"id":121593,"depth":72,"text":121594},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":121755},[121756,121758,121760,121762,121764],{"id":121626,"depth":79,"text":121757},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121639,"depth":79,"text":121759},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121649,"depth":79,"text":121761},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121658,"depth":79,"text":121763},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121672,"depth":79,"text":121765},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119655,"description":121767},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121773,"title":42351,"body":121774,"description":123505,"extension":2138,"meta":123506,"navigation":75,"path":123507,"seo":123508,"stem":123509,"__hash__":123510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121775,"toc":123462},[121776,121781,121786,121792,121794,121849,121853,121876,121881,121886,121891,121893,121924,121927,121941,121943,121945,121960,121965,121969,121972,122023,122027,122041,122048,122052,122056,122111,122115,122138,122142,122198,122202,122225,122229,122284,122288,122311,122315,122382,122386,122421,122427,122432,122437,122439,122453,122455,122529,122533,122552,122557,122564,122567,122579,122581,122650,122654,122691,122694,122719,122726,122735,122738,122750,122756,122762,122764,122770,122775,122854,122858,122899,122903,122905,122932,122935,122958,122961,122967,122970,123007,123019,123026,123028,123079,123082,123114,123117,123119,123126,123128,123143,123145,123202,123206,123230,123232,123237,123253,123260,123264,123267,123350,123360,123362,123367,123370,123376,123379,123385,123388,123394,123397,123404,123412,123414,123459],[10,121777,3755,121779,3759],{"id":121778},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121780,47857],{},[20,121782,32492,121783,121785],{},[15,121784,47857],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121787,121788,121789,121791],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121790,47857],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[149,121793,2179],{"id":2178},[38,121795,121797],{"className":40,"code":121796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121798,121799,121807,121821,121825,121835],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121800,121801,121803,121805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121802,21805],{"class":53},[47,121804,58],{"class":57},[47,121806,45398],{"class":445},[47,121808,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817,121819],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121810,54],{"class":53},[47,121812,58],{"class":57},[47,121814,1571],{"class":1570},[47,121816,87],{"class":86},[47,121818,9473],{"class":90},[47,121820,286],{"class":86},[47,121822,121823],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,121824,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,121826,121827,121829,121831,121833],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,121828,83],{"class":82},[47,121830,87],{"class":86},[47,121832,91],{"class":90},[47,121834,286],{"class":86},[47,121836,121837,121839,121841,121843,121845,121847],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,121838,83],{"class":82},[47,121840,87],{"class":86},[47,121842,1872],{"class":1570},[47,121844,87],{"class":86},[47,121846,91],{"class":90},[47,121848,1879],{"class":86},[20,121850,121851],{},[3922,121852,814],{},[38,121854,121856],{"className":40,"code":121855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121857,121858,121862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121859,121860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121861,2887],{"class":445},[47,121863,121864,121866,121868,121870,121872,121874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121865,3468],{"class":57},[47,121867,3471],{"class":2242},[47,121869,3474],{"class":61},[47,121871,3622],{"class":65},[47,121873,3479],{"class":61},[47,121875,3482],{"class":57},[20,121877,144,121878,121880],{},[15,121879,47857],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[149,121882,152,121884,155],{"id":121883},"what-str-does",[15,121885,47857],{},[20,121887,121888,121890],{},[15,121889,47857],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121892,2284],{},[162,121894,121895,121902,121909,121916],{},[165,121896,121897,121898,42330,121900],{},"An integer like ",[15,121899,2509],{},[15,121901,42301],{},[165,121903,121904,121905,42330,121907],{},"A float like ",[15,121906,40318],{},[15,121908,48268],{},[165,121910,121911,121912,42330,121914],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121913,31],{},[15,121915,6818],{},[165,121917,121918,121919,42330,121921],{},"A list like ",[15,121920,75412],{},[15,121922,121923],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121925,121926],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[162,121928,121929,121932,121935,121938],{},[165,121930,121931],{},"print it",[165,121933,121934],{},"combine it with other strings",[165,121936,121937],{},"save it to a file",[165,121939,121940],{},"use it in messages",[149,121942,261],{"id":260},[20,121944,7394],{},[38,121946,121948],{"className":40,"code":121947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,121949,121950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121951,121952,121954,121956,121958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121953,3622],{"class":1570},[47,121955,87],{"class":86},[47,121957,42573],{"class":1570},[47,121959,286],{"class":86},[20,121961,340,121962,121964],{},[15,121963,42573],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121966,121967,8401],{},[15,121968,47857],{},[20,121970,121971],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,121973,121975],{"className":40,"code":121974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121976,121977,121986,122009,122013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121978,121979,121981,121983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121980,5276],{"class":53},[47,121982,58],{"class":57},[47,121984,121985],{"class":445}," 100\n",[47,121987,121988,121990,121992,121994,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005,122007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121989,90172],{"class":53},[47,121991,58],{"class":57},[47,121993,62],{"class":61},[47,121995,121996],{"class":65},"Your score is ",[47,121998,102],{"class":61},[47,122000,2633],{"class":57},[47,122002,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122004,87],{"class":86},[47,122006,85685],{"class":90},[47,122008,286],{"class":86},[47,122010,122011],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122012,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122014,122015,122017,122019,122021],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122016,83],{"class":82},[47,122018,87],{"class":86},[47,122020,90189],{"class":90},[47,122022,286],{"class":86},[20,122024,122025],{},[3922,122026,814],{},[38,122028,122030],{"className":40,"code":122029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122031,122032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122033,122034,122037,122039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122035,122036],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,122038,12371],{"class":57},[47,122040,121985],{"class":445},[20,122042,2474,122043,122047],{},[455,122044,122045,2481],{"href":2477},[15,122046,2480],{}," can help you check.",[149,122049,122051],{"id":122050},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[469,122053,122055],{"id":122054},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,122057,122059],{"className":40,"code":122058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122060,122061,122069,122083,122087,122097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122062,122063,122065,122067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122064,2394],{"class":53},[47,122066,58],{"class":57},[47,122068,2765],{"class":445},[47,122070,122071,122073,122075,122077,122079,122081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122072,54],{"class":53},[47,122074,58],{"class":57},[47,122076,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122078,87],{"class":86},[47,122080,2417],{"class":90},[47,122082,286],{"class":86},[47,122084,122085],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122086,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122088,122089,122091,122093,122095],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122090,83],{"class":82},[47,122092,87],{"class":86},[47,122094,91],{"class":90},[47,122096,286],{"class":86},[47,122098,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122100,83],{"class":82},[47,122102,87],{"class":86},[47,122104,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122106,87],{"class":86},[47,122108,91],{"class":90},[47,122110,1879],{"class":86},[20,122112,122113],{},[3922,122114,814],{},[38,122116,122118],{"className":40,"code":122117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122119,122120,122124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122121,122122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122123,2555],{"class":445},[47,122125,122126,122128,122130,122132,122134,122136],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122127,3468],{"class":57},[47,122129,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122131,3474],{"class":61},[47,122133,3622],{"class":65},[47,122135,3479],{"class":61},[47,122137,3482],{"class":57},[469,122139,122141],{"id":122140},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,122143,122145],{"className":40,"code":122144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122146,122147,122156,122170,122174,122184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122148,122149,122151,122153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122150,40562],{"class":53},[47,122152,58],{"class":57},[47,122154,122155],{"class":445}," 3.14\n",[47,122157,122158,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122159,54],{"class":53},[47,122161,58],{"class":57},[47,122163,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122165,87],{"class":86},[47,122167,25327],{"class":90},[47,122169,286],{"class":86},[47,122171,122172],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122173,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122177,83],{"class":82},[47,122179,87],{"class":86},[47,122181,91],{"class":90},[47,122183,286],{"class":86},[47,122185,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194,122196],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122187,83],{"class":82},[47,122189,87],{"class":86},[47,122191,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122193,87],{"class":86},[47,122195,91],{"class":90},[47,122197,1879],{"class":86},[20,122199,122200],{},[3922,122201,814],{},[38,122203,122205],{"className":40,"code":122204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122206,122207,122211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122208,122209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122210,40352],{"class":445},[47,122212,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221,122223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122214,3468],{"class":57},[47,122216,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122218,3474],{"class":61},[47,122220,3622],{"class":65},[47,122222,3479],{"class":61},[47,122224,3482],{"class":57},[469,122226,122228],{"id":122227},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,122230,122232],{"className":40,"code":122231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122233,122234,122242,122256,122260,122270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122235,122236,122238,122240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122237,1535],{"class":53},[47,122239,58],{"class":57},[47,122241,6601],{"class":4032},[47,122243,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122245,54],{"class":53},[47,122247,58],{"class":57},[47,122249,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122251,87],{"class":86},[47,122253,1587],{"class":90},[47,122255,286],{"class":86},[47,122257,122258],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122259,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122261,122262,122264,122266,122268],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122263,83],{"class":82},[47,122265,87],{"class":86},[47,122267,91],{"class":90},[47,122269,286],{"class":86},[47,122271,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122273,83],{"class":82},[47,122275,87],{"class":86},[47,122277,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122279,87],{"class":86},[47,122281,91],{"class":90},[47,122283,1879],{"class":86},[20,122285,122286],{},[3922,122287,814],{},[38,122289,122291],{"className":40,"code":122290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122292,122293,122297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122294,122295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122296,4160],{"class":4032},[47,122298,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122300,3468],{"class":57},[47,122302,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122304,3474],{"class":61},[47,122306,3622],{"class":65},[47,122308,3479],{"class":61},[47,122310,3482],{"class":57},[469,122312,122314],{"id":122313},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,122316,122318],{"className":40,"code":122317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122319,122320,122340,122354,122358,122368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122321,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122323,7955],{"class":53},[47,122325,58],{"class":57},[47,122327,3803],{"class":86},[47,122329,1598],{"class":445},[47,122331,309],{"class":86},[47,122333,1769],{"class":445},[47,122335,309],{"class":86},[47,122337,2630],{"class":445},[47,122339,3816],{"class":86},[47,122341,122342,122344,122346,122348,122350,122352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122343,54],{"class":53},[47,122345,58],{"class":57},[47,122347,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122349,87],{"class":86},[47,122351,7986],{"class":90},[47,122353,286],{"class":86},[47,122355,122356],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122357,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122359,122360,122362,122364,122366],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122361,83],{"class":82},[47,122363,87],{"class":86},[47,122365,91],{"class":90},[47,122367,286],{"class":86},[47,122369,122370,122372,122374,122376,122378,122380],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122371,83],{"class":82},[47,122373,87],{"class":86},[47,122375,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122377,87],{"class":86},[47,122379,91],{"class":90},[47,122381,1879],{"class":86},[20,122383,122384],{},[3922,122385,814],{},[38,122387,122389],{"className":40,"code":122388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122390,122391,122407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122392,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122394,4080],{"class":86},[47,122396,1598],{"class":445},[47,122398,309],{"class":86},[47,122400,1769],{"class":445},[47,122402,309],{"class":86},[47,122404,2630],{"class":445},[47,122406,3816],{"class":86},[47,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417,122419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122410,3468],{"class":57},[47,122412,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122414,3474],{"class":61},[47,122416,3622],{"class":65},[47,122418,3479],{"class":61},[47,122420,3482],{"class":57},[20,122422,122423,122424,122426],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3922,122425,4813],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[149,122428,1321,122430],{"id":122429},"when-to-use-str",[15,122431,47857],{},[20,122433,144,122434,122436],{},[15,122435,47857],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122438,36601],{},[162,122440,122441,122444,122447,122450],{},[165,122442,122443],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[165,122445,122446],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[165,122448,122449],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[165,122451,122452],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122454,183],{},[38,122456,122458],{"className":40,"code":122457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122459,122460,122472,122480,122484,122519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122461,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122463,193],{"class":53},[47,122465,58],{"class":57},[47,122467,62],{"class":61},[47,122469,11685],{"class":65},[47,122471,69],{"class":61},[47,122473,122474,122476,122478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122475,21805],{"class":53},[47,122477,58],{"class":57},[47,122479,45398],{"class":445},[47,122481,122482],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122483,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122485,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514,122517],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122487,90172],{"class":53},[47,122489,58],{"class":57},[47,122491,36145],{"class":53},[47,122493,2236],{"class":57},[47,122495,62],{"class":61},[47,122497,4964],{"class":65},[47,122499,102],{"class":61},[47,122501,2633],{"class":57},[47,122503,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122505,87],{"class":86},[47,122507,9473],{"class":90},[47,122509,1696],{"class":86},[47,122511,2633],{"class":57},[47,122513,62],{"class":61},[47,122515,122516],{"class":65}," years old.",[47,122518,69],{"class":61},[47,122520,122521,122523,122525,122527],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122522,83],{"class":82},[47,122524,87],{"class":86},[47,122526,90189],{"class":90},[47,122528,286],{"class":86},[20,122530,122531],{},[3922,122532,814],{},[38,122534,122536],{"className":40,"code":122535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122537,122538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122539,122540,122543,122545,122547,122550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122541,122542],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,122544,12371],{"class":57},[47,122546,9480],{"class":445},[47,122548,122549],{"class":53}," years old",[47,122551,827],{"class":86},[20,122553,122554,122555,94],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[455,122556,89858],{"href":89857},[149,122558,122560,10760,122562],{"id":122559},"str-vs-print",[15,122561,47857],{},[15,122563,46625],{},[20,122565,122566],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[162,122568,122569,122574],{},[165,122570,122571,122573],{},[15,122572,47857],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[165,122575,122576,122578],{},[15,122577,46625],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122580,183],{},[38,122582,122584],{"className":40,"code":122583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122585,122586,122594,122598,122612,122622,122636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122587,122588,122590,122592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122589,1535],{"class":53},[47,122591,58],{"class":57},[47,122593,2947],{"class":445},[47,122595,122596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122597,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122599,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122601,54],{"class":53},[47,122603,58],{"class":57},[47,122605,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122607,87],{"class":86},[47,122609,1587],{"class":90},[47,122611,286],{"class":86},[47,122613,122614,122616,122618,122620],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122615,83],{"class":82},[47,122617,87],{"class":86},[47,122619,91],{"class":90},[47,122621,286],{"class":86},[47,122623,122624,122626,122628,122630,122632,122634],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122625,83],{"class":82},[47,122627,87],{"class":86},[47,122629,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122631,87],{"class":86},[47,122633,91],{"class":90},[47,122635,1879],{"class":86},[47,122637,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646,122648],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,122639,83],{"class":82},[47,122641,87],{"class":86},[47,122643,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122645,87],{"class":86},[47,122647,1587],{"class":90},[47,122649,1879],{"class":86},[20,122651,122652],{},[3922,122653,814],{},[38,122655,122657],{"className":40,"code":122656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122658,122659,122663,122677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122660,122661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122662,46785],{"class":445},[47,122664,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122666,3468],{"class":57},[47,122668,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122670,3474],{"class":61},[47,122672,3622],{"class":65},[47,122674,3479],{"class":61},[47,122676,3482],{"class":57},[47,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122680,3468],{"class":57},[47,122682,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122684,3474],{"class":61},[47,122686,2365],{"class":65},[47,122688,3479],{"class":61},[47,122690,3482],{"class":57},[20,122692,122693],{},"Notice:",[162,122695,122696,122702,122707],{},[165,122697,122698,122701],{},[15,122699,122700],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[165,122703,122704,122706],{},[15,122705,46625],{}," only displayed values",[165,122708,122709,122711,122712,122714,122715,61469,122717],{},[15,122710,46625],{}," did not change ",[15,122713,1587],{}," from ",[15,122716,2365],{},[15,122718,3622],{},[20,122720,122721,122722,94],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[455,122723,122724,2481],{"href":46622},[15,122725,46625],{},[149,122727,122729,10760,122731,122734],{"id":122728},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122730,47857],{},[15,122732,122733],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122736,122737],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[162,122739,122740,122745],{},[165,122741,122742,122744],{},[15,122743,47857],{}," is the more readable text version",[165,122746,122747,122749],{},[15,122748,122733],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122751,122752,122753,122755],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122754,47857],{}," much more often.",[20,122757,122758,122759,122761],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122760,47857],{}," is usually the right choice.",[149,122763,4700],{"id":4699},[469,122765,25952,122767,122769],{"id":122766},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122768,47857],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122771,122772,122774],{},[15,122773,47857],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,122776,122778],{"className":40,"code":122777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122779,122780,122788,122802,122806,122816,122830,122840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122781,122782,122784,122786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122783,21805],{"class":53},[47,122785,58],{"class":57},[47,122787,45398],{"class":445},[47,122789,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122791,54],{"class":53},[47,122793,58],{"class":57},[47,122795,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122797,87],{"class":86},[47,122799,9473],{"class":90},[47,122801,286],{"class":86},[47,122803,122804],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122805,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,122807,122808,122810,122812,122814],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122809,83],{"class":82},[47,122811,87],{"class":86},[47,122813,9473],{"class":90},[47,122815,286],{"class":86},[47,122817,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,122819,83],{"class":82},[47,122821,87],{"class":86},[47,122823,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122825,87],{"class":86},[47,122827,9473],{"class":90},[47,122829,1879],{"class":86},[47,122831,122832,122834,122836,122838],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,122833,83],{"class":82},[47,122835,87],{"class":86},[47,122837,91],{"class":90},[47,122839,286],{"class":86},[47,122841,122842,122844,122846,122848,122850,122852],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,122843,83],{"class":82},[47,122845,87],{"class":86},[47,122847,1872],{"class":1570},[47,122849,87],{"class":86},[47,122851,91],{"class":90},[47,122853,1879],{"class":86},[20,122855,122856],{},[3922,122857,814],{},[38,122859,122861],{"className":40,"code":122860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122862,122863,122867,122881,122885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122864,122865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122866,2887],{"class":445},[47,122868,122869,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122870,3468],{"class":57},[47,122872,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122874,3474],{"class":61},[47,122876,2365],{"class":65},[47,122878,3479],{"class":61},[47,122880,3482],{"class":57},[47,122882,122883],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,122884,2887],{"class":445},[47,122886,122887,122889,122891,122893,122895,122897],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,122888,3468],{"class":57},[47,122890,3471],{"class":2242},[47,122892,3474],{"class":61},[47,122894,3622],{"class":65},[47,122896,3479],{"class":61},[47,122898,3482],{"class":57},[469,122900,122902],{"id":122901},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122904,6865],{},[38,122906,122908],{"className":40,"code":122907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122909,122910,122918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122911,122912,122914,122916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122913,21805],{"class":53},[47,122915,58],{"class":57},[47,122917,45398],{"class":445},[47,122919,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122921,54],{"class":53},[47,122923,58],{"class":57},[47,122925,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122927,87],{"class":86},[47,122929,9473],{"class":90},[47,122931,286],{"class":86},[20,122933,122934],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,122936,122938],{"className":40,"code":122937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122939,122940,122948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122941,122942,122944,122946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122943,21805],{"class":53},[47,122945,58],{"class":57},[47,122947,45398],{"class":445},[47,122949,122950,122952,122954,122956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122951,3622],{"class":1570},[47,122953,87],{"class":86},[47,122955,9473],{"class":90},[47,122957,286],{"class":86},[20,122959,122960],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[469,122962,831,122964,122966],{"id":122963},"using-str-too-early",[15,122965,47857],{}," too early",[20,122968,122969],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,122971,122973],{"className":40,"code":122972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122974,122975,122983,122998,123002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122976,122977,122979,122981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122978,40562],{"class":53},[47,122980,58],{"class":57},[47,122982,2765],{"class":445},[47,122984,122985,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122986,122987],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,122989,58],{"class":57},[47,122991,1571],{"class":1570},[47,122993,87],{"class":86},[47,122995,25327],{"class":90},[47,122997,286],{"class":86},[47,122999,123000],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,123001,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,123003,123004],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,123005,123006],{"class":113},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123008,123009,123010,32,123014,123018],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[455,123011,123012],{"href":3052},[15,123013,3055],{},[455,123015,123016],{"href":3058},[15,123017,3061],{},", depending on the situation.",[469,123020,8628,123022,123025],{"id":123021},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123023,123024],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123027,64812],{},[38,123029,123031],{"className":40,"code":123030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123032,123033,123065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123034,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059,123061,123063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123036,7955],{"class":53},[47,123038,58],{"class":57},[47,123040,3803],{"class":86},[47,123042,102],{"class":61},[47,123044,4260],{"class":65},[47,123046,102],{"class":61},[47,123048,309],{"class":86},[47,123050,62],{"class":61},[47,123052,491],{"class":65},[47,123054,102],{"class":61},[47,123056,309],{"class":86},[47,123058,62],{"class":61},[47,123060,33396],{"class":65},[47,123062,102],{"class":61},[47,123064,3816],{"class":86},[47,123066,123067,123069,123071,123073,123075,123077],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123068,83],{"class":82},[47,123070,87],{"class":86},[47,123072,3622],{"class":1570},[47,123074,87],{"class":86},[47,123076,7986],{"class":90},[47,123078,1879],{"class":86},[20,123080,123081],{},"prints:",[38,123083,123084],{"className":40,"code":73003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123085,123086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123087,123088,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123089,4080],{"class":86},[47,123091,3479],{"class":61},[47,123093,4260],{"class":65},[47,123095,3479],{"class":61},[47,123097,309],{"class":86},[47,123099,3474],{"class":61},[47,123101,491],{"class":65},[47,123103,3479],{"class":61},[47,123105,309],{"class":86},[47,123107,3474],{"class":61},[47,123109,33396],{"class":65},[47,123111,3479],{"class":61},[47,123113,3816],{"class":86},[20,123115,123116],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[149,123118,700],{"id":699},[20,123120,123121,22152,123123,94],{},[15,123122,47857],{},[3922,123124,123125],{},"new string",[20,123127,11634],{},[162,123129,123130,123133,123136],{},[165,123131,123132],{},"It always returns a string",[165,123134,123135],{},"It does not modify the original object",[165,123137,7938,123138,123142],{},[455,123139,123140],{"href":2477},[15,123141,2480],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123144,183],{},[38,123146,123148],{"className":40,"code":123147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123149,123150,123158,123173,123177,123188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123151,123152,123154,123156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123153,1535],{"class":53},[47,123155,58],{"class":57},[47,123157,14310],{"class":445},[47,123159,123160,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123161,123162],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,123164,58],{"class":57},[47,123166,1571],{"class":1570},[47,123168,87],{"class":86},[47,123170,1587],{"class":90},[47,123172,286],{"class":86},[47,123174,123175],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,123176,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,123178,123179,123181,123183,123186],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,123180,83],{"class":82},[47,123182,87],{"class":86},[47,123184,123185],{"class":90},"converted",[47,123187,286],{"class":86},[47,123189,123190,123192,123194,123196,123198,123200],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,123191,83],{"class":82},[47,123193,87],{"class":86},[47,123195,1872],{"class":1570},[47,123197,87],{"class":86},[47,123199,123185],{"class":90},[47,123201,1879],{"class":86},[20,123203,123204],{},[3922,123205,814],{},[38,123207,123209],{"className":40,"code":123208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123210,123211,123216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123212,123213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123214,123215],{"class":445},"99\n",[47,123217,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226,123228],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123219,3468],{"class":57},[47,123221,3471],{"class":2242},[47,123223,3474],{"class":61},[47,123225,3622],{"class":65},[47,123227,3479],{"class":61},[47,123229,3482],{"class":57},[149,123231,113892],{"id":113891},[20,123233,123234,123235,74981],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123236,47857],{},[162,123238,123239,123242,123245,123250],{},[165,123240,123241],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[165,123243,123244],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[165,123246,831,123247,123249],{},[15,123248,47857],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[165,123251,123252],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123254,123255,123256,94],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[455,123257,25857,123258],{"href":90570},[15,123259,90571],{},[149,123261,123263],{"id":123262},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123265,123266],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,123268,123270],{"className":40,"code":123269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123271,123272,123280,123284,123294,123308,123312,123326,123336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123273,123274,123276,123278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123275,1535],{"class":53},[47,123277,58],{"class":57},[47,123279,45398],{"class":445},[47,123281,123282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123283,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,123285,123286,123288,123290,123292],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,123287,83],{"class":82},[47,123289,87],{"class":86},[47,123291,1587],{"class":90},[47,123293,286],{"class":86},[47,123295,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,123297,83],{"class":82},[47,123299,87],{"class":86},[47,123301,1872],{"class":1570},[47,123303,87],{"class":86},[47,123305,1587],{"class":90},[47,123307,1879],{"class":86},[47,123309,123310],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,123311,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,123313,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322,123324],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,123315,123162],{"class":53},[47,123317,58],{"class":57},[47,123319,1571],{"class":1570},[47,123321,87],{"class":86},[47,123323,1587],{"class":90},[47,123325,286],{"class":86},[47,123327,123328,123330,123332,123334],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,123329,83],{"class":82},[47,123331,87],{"class":86},[47,123333,123185],{"class":90},[47,123335,286],{"class":86},[47,123337,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,123339,83],{"class":82},[47,123341,87],{"class":86},[47,123343,1872],{"class":1570},[47,123345,87],{"class":86},[47,123347,123185],{"class":90},[47,123349,1879],{"class":86},[20,123351,123352,123353,2366,123355,123357,123358,94],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123354,2365],{},[15,123356,2369],{},", or another type into ",[15,123359,3622],{},[149,123361,1962],{"id":1961},[469,123363,5323,123365,5326],{"id":123364},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123366,47857],{},[20,123368,123369],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[469,123371,1966,123373,123375],{"id":123372},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123374,47857],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123377,123378],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[469,123380,1980,123382,123384],{"id":123381},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123383,47857],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123386,123387],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[469,123389,94756,123391,123393],{"id":123390},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123392,47857],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123395,123396],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[469,123398,2022,123400,57375,123402,2037],{"id":123399},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123401,47857],{},[15,123403,46625],{},[20,123405,46538,123406,123408,123409,123411],{},[15,123407,47857],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123410,46625],{}," shows output.",[149,123413,2062],{"id":2061},[162,123415,123416,123422,123428,123434,123440,123449,123453],{},[165,123417,123418],{},[455,123419,123420,3688],{"href":46622},[15,123421,46625],{},[165,123423,123424],{},[455,123425,123426,3688],{"href":2477},[15,123427,2480],{},[165,123429,123430],{},[455,123431,123432,3688],{"href":3052},[15,123433,3055],{},[165,123435,123436],{},[455,123437,123438,3688],{"href":3058},[15,123439,3061],{},[165,123441,123442],{},[455,123443,123445,123446,123448],{"href":123444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123447,2365],{}," to string in Python",[165,123450,123451],{},[455,123452,90848],{"href":89857},[165,123454,123455],{},[455,123456,30524,123457],{"href":90570},[15,123458,90571],{},[2093,123460,123461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":123463},[123464,123465,123467,123468,123474,123476,123478,123480,123489,123490,123491,123492,123504],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":121883,"depth":72,"text":123466},"What str() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":122050,"depth":72,"text":122051,"children":123469},[123470,123471,123472,123473],{"id":122054,"depth":79,"text":122055},{"id":122140,"depth":79,"text":122141},{"id":122227,"depth":79,"text":122228},{"id":122313,"depth":79,"text":122314},{"id":122429,"depth":72,"text":123475},"When to use str()",{"id":122559,"depth":72,"text":123477},"str() vs print()",{"id":122728,"depth":72,"text":123479},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":123481},[123482,123484,123485,123487],{"id":122766,"depth":79,"text":123483},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122901,"depth":79,"text":122902},{"id":122963,"depth":79,"text":123486},"Using str() too early",{"id":123021,"depth":79,"text":123488},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":113891,"depth":72,"text":113892},{"id":123262,"depth":72,"text":123263},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":123493},[123494,123496,123498,123500,123502],{"id":123364,"depth":79,"text":123495},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123372,"depth":79,"text":123497},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123381,"depth":79,"text":123499},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123390,"depth":79,"text":123501},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123399,"depth":79,"text":123503},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42351,"description":123505},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123512,"title":123513,"body":123514,"description":124954,"extension":2138,"meta":124955,"navigation":75,"path":124956,"seo":124957,"stem":124958,"__hash__":124959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123515,"toc":124916},[123516,123521,123526,123529,123551,123553,123615,123617,123630,123636,123641,123646,123648,123660,123671,123673,123700,123702,123719,123726,123737,123739,123744,123746,123758,123766,123774,123776,123779,123832,123834,123842,123850,123854,123859,123899,123901,123909,123912,123914,123954,123956,123964,123973,123979,123982,124055,124057,124070,124074,124079,124107,124110,124145,124147,124155,124158,124160,124164,124166,124182,124184,124224,124226,124234,124241,124284,124286,124294,124296,124300,124306,124309,124349,124351,124359,124364,124367,124410,124414,124417,124452,124457,124459,124498,124507,124515,124524,124532,124536,124541,124543,124584,124586,124594,124599,124602,124605,124623,124629,124633,124638,124641,124681,124683,124688,124787,124790,124806,124808,124827,124829,124836,124839,124844,124847,124853,124857,124863,124866,124872,124875,124877,124913],[10,123517,13,123519,18],{"id":123518},"python-string-count-method",[15,123520,57460],{},[20,123522,22,123523,123525],{},[15,123524,57460],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123527,123528],{},"This reference page explains:",[162,123530,123531,123535,123538,123540,123548],{},[165,123532,26197,123533,155],{},[15,123534,57460],{},[165,123536,123537],{},"its syntax",[165,123539,35570],{},[165,123541,123542,123543,837,123545,123547],{},"how ",[15,123544,522],{},[15,123546,575],{}," work",[165,123549,123550],{},"common beginner mistakes",[149,123552,2179],{"id":2178},[38,123554,123556],{"className":40,"code":123555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123557,123558,123570,123592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123559,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123561,54],{"class":53},[47,123563,58],{"class":57},[47,123565,62],{"class":61},[47,123567,491],{"class":65},[47,123569,69],{"class":61},[47,123571,123572,123574,123576,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123573,83],{"class":82},[47,123575,87],{"class":86},[47,123577,91],{"class":90},[47,123579,94],{"class":86},[47,123581,41434],{"class":90},[47,123583,87],{"class":86},[47,123585,102],{"class":61},[47,123587,455],{"class":65},[47,123589,102],{"class":61},[47,123591,1879],{"class":86},[47,123593,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123611,123613],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,123595,83],{"class":82},[47,123597,87],{"class":86},[47,123599,91],{"class":90},[47,123601,94],{"class":86},[47,123603,41434],{"class":90},[47,123605,87],{"class":86},[47,123607,102],{"class":61},[47,123609,123610],{"class":65},"na",[47,123612,102],{"class":61},[47,123614,1879],{"class":86},[20,123616,814],{},[38,123618,123620],{"className":40,"code":123619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,123621,123622,123626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123623,123624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123625,46790],{"class":445},[47,123627,123628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123629,17235],{"class":445},[20,123631,144,123632,123635],{},[15,123633,123634],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[149,123637,13174,123639,13177],{"id":123638},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123640,57460],{},[20,123642,123643,123645],{},[15,123644,57460],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123647,13230],{},[162,123649,123650,123653,123656,123658],{},[165,123651,123652],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[165,123654,123655],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[165,123657,43832],{},[165,123659,177],{},[20,123661,123662,123663,123665,123666,2366,123668,123670],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123664,18274],{}," characters are in ",[15,123667,65442],{},[15,123669,57460],{}," is a simple choice.",[149,123672,261],{"id":260},[38,123674,123676],{"className":40,"code":123675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123677,123678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123679,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123681,274],{"class":53},[47,123683,94],{"class":86},[47,123685,41434],{"class":90},[47,123687,87],{"class":86},[47,123689,1587],{"class":90},[47,123691,309],{"class":86},[47,123693,312],{"class":90},[47,123695,309],{"class":86},[47,123697,335],{"class":90},[47,123699,286],{"class":86},[469,123701,17574],{"id":17573},[162,123703,123704,123709,123714],{},[165,123705,123706,123708],{},[15,123707,1587],{},": the text to search for",[165,123710,123711,123713],{},[15,123712,522],{},": optional; where counting begins",[165,123715,123716,123718],{},[15,123717,575],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123720,123721,837,123723,123725],{},[15,123722,522],{},[15,123724,575],{}," work like slice positions:",[162,123727,123728,123733],{},[165,123729,123730,123732],{},[15,123731,522],{}," is included",[165,123734,123735,75907],{},[15,123736,575],{},[149,123738,700],{"id":699},[20,123740,123741,123743],{},[15,123742,57460],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123745,2302],{},[162,123747,123748,123753],{},[165,123749,123750,123751],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123752,2239],{},[165,123754,123755,123756],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123757,1721],{},[20,123759,41080,123760,5341,123762,32,123764,94],{},[3922,123761,4813],{},[15,123763,31],{},[15,123765,35],{},[20,123767,123768,123769,123773],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[455,123770,123771,101766],{"href":1705},[15,123772,1613],{}," is often a better fit.",[149,123775,11651],{"id":11650},[20,123777,123778],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,123780,123782],{"className":40,"code":123781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123783,123784,123796,123818,123822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123785,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123787,54],{"class":53},[47,123789,58],{"class":57},[47,123791,62],{"class":61},[47,123793,4260],{"class":65},[47,123795,69],{"class":61},[47,123797,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123799,2407],{"class":53},[47,123801,58],{"class":57},[47,123803,1693],{"class":53},[47,123805,94],{"class":86},[47,123807,41434],{"class":90},[47,123809,87],{"class":86},[47,123811,102],{"class":61},[47,123813,20],{"class":65},[47,123815,102],{"class":61},[47,123817,286],{"class":86},[47,123819,123820],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,123821,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,123823,123824,123826,123828,123830],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,123825,83],{"class":82},[47,123827,87],{"class":86},[47,123829,2442],{"class":90},[47,123831,286],{"class":86},[20,123833,814],{},[38,123835,123836],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123837,123838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123839,123840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123841,17235],{"class":445},[20,123843,63988,123844,123847,123848,94],{},[15,123845,123846],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123849,58003],{},[149,123851,123853],{"id":123852},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123855,123856,123858],{},[15,123857,57460],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,123860,123862],{"className":40,"code":123861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123863,123864,123877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123865,123866,123868,123870,123872,123875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123867,54],{"class":53},[47,123869,58],{"class":57},[47,123871,62],{"class":61},[47,123873,123874],{"class":65},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123876,69],{"class":61},[47,123878,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123880,83],{"class":82},[47,123882,87],{"class":86},[47,123884,91],{"class":90},[47,123886,94],{"class":86},[47,123888,41434],{"class":90},[47,123890,87],{"class":86},[47,123892,102],{"class":61},[47,123894,37223],{"class":65},[47,123896,102],{"class":61},[47,123898,1879],{"class":86},[20,123900,814],{},[38,123902,123903],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123904,123905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123906,123907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123908,46790],{"class":445},[20,123910,123911],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123913,183],{},[38,123915,123917],{"className":40,"code":123916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123918,123919,123932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123920,123921,123923,123925,123927,123930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123922,54],{"class":53},[47,123924,58],{"class":57},[47,123926,62],{"class":61},[47,123928,123929],{"class":65},"one One one",[47,123931,69],{"class":61},[47,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123935,83],{"class":82},[47,123937,87],{"class":86},[47,123939,91],{"class":90},[47,123941,94],{"class":86},[47,123943,41434],{"class":90},[47,123945,87],{"class":86},[47,123947,102],{"class":61},[47,123949,6762],{"class":65},[47,123951,102],{"class":61},[47,123953,1879],{"class":86},[20,123955,814],{},[38,123957,123958],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123959,123960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123961,123962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123963,17235],{"class":445},[20,123965,123966,123967,123970,123971,1178],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123968,123969],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123972,57460],{},[149,123974,831,123975,837,123977],{"id":65574},[15,123976,522],{},[15,123978,575],{},[20,123980,123981],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,123983,123985],{"className":40,"code":123984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123986,123987,123999,124025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123988,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123990,54],{"class":53},[47,123992,58],{"class":57},[47,123994,62],{"class":61},[47,123996,491],{"class":65},[47,123998,69],{"class":61},[47,124000,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021,124023],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124002,83],{"class":82},[47,124004,87],{"class":86},[47,124006,91],{"class":90},[47,124008,94],{"class":86},[47,124010,41434],{"class":90},[47,124012,87],{"class":86},[47,124014,102],{"class":61},[47,124016,455],{"class":65},[47,124018,102],{"class":61},[47,124020,309],{"class":86},[47,124022,1769],{"class":445},[47,124024,1879],{"class":86},[47,124026,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,124028,83],{"class":82},[47,124030,87],{"class":86},[47,124032,91],{"class":90},[47,124034,94],{"class":86},[47,124036,41434],{"class":90},[47,124038,87],{"class":86},[47,124040,102],{"class":61},[47,124042,455],{"class":65},[47,124044,102],{"class":61},[47,124046,309],{"class":86},[47,124048,1769],{"class":445},[47,124050,309],{"class":86},[47,124052,4787],{"class":445},[47,124054,1879],{"class":86},[20,124056,814],{},[38,124058,124060],{"className":40,"code":124059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,124061,124062,124066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124063,124064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124065,17235],{"class":445},[47,124067,124068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124069,47090],{"class":445},[469,124071,124073],{"id":124072},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124075,124076,124077,3062],{},"In ",[15,124078,65442],{},[162,124080,124081,124089,124097],{},[165,124082,71132,124083,124085,124086],{},[15,124084,2233],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124087,124088],{},"\"n\"",[165,124090,124091,124094,124095,76205],{},[15,124092,124093],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124096,2233],{},[165,124098,124099,124094,124102,124104,124105],{},[15,124100,124101],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124103,2233],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124106,2313],{},[20,124108,124109],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,124111,124113],{"className":40,"code":124112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124114,124115,124127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124118,54],{"class":53},[47,124120,58],{"class":57},[47,124122,62],{"class":61},[47,124124,491],{"class":65},[47,124126,69],{"class":61},[47,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124130,83],{"class":82},[47,124132,87],{"class":86},[47,124134,91],{"class":90},[47,124136,4080],{"class":86},[47,124138,2233],{"class":445},[47,124140,3062],{"class":86},[47,124142,2313],{"class":445},[47,124144,4068],{"class":86},[20,124146,814],{},[38,124148,124149],{"className":40,"code":41643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124150,124151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124152,124153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124154,41643],{"class":53},[20,124156,124157],{},"Only that section is searched.",[149,124159,1173],{"id":1172},[20,124161,124162,1178],{},[15,124163,57460],{},[20,124165,2284],{},[162,124167,124168,124176],{},[165,124169,124170,837,124172,124175],{},[15,124171,18274],{},[15,124173,124174],{},"\"A\""," are different",[165,124177,124178,837,124180,124175],{},[15,124179,64703],{},[15,124181,90583],{},[20,124183,183],{},[38,124185,124187],{"className":40,"code":124186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124188,124189,124202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124190,124191,124193,124195,124197,124200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124192,54],{"class":53},[47,124194,58],{"class":57},[47,124196,62],{"class":61},[47,124198,124199],{"class":65},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,124201,69],{"class":61},[47,124203,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124205,83],{"class":82},[47,124207,87],{"class":86},[47,124209,91],{"class":90},[47,124211,94],{"class":86},[47,124213,41434],{"class":90},[47,124215,87],{"class":86},[47,124217,102],{"class":61},[47,124219,4260],{"class":65},[47,124221,102],{"class":61},[47,124223,1879],{"class":86},[20,124225,814],{},[38,124227,124228],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124229,124230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124231,124232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124233,47090],{"class":445},[20,124235,124236,124237,3062],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[455,124238,124239],{"href":1263},[15,124240,1266],{},[38,124242,124244],{"className":40,"code":124243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124245,124246,124258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124247,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124249,54],{"class":53},[47,124251,58],{"class":57},[47,124253,62],{"class":61},[47,124255,124199],{"class":65},[47,124257,69],{"class":61},[47,124259,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124261,83],{"class":82},[47,124263,87],{"class":86},[47,124265,91],{"class":90},[47,124267,94],{"class":86},[47,124269,1300],{"class":90},[47,124271,1303],{"class":86},[47,124273,41434],{"class":90},[47,124275,87],{"class":86},[47,124277,102],{"class":61},[47,124279,4260],{"class":65},[47,124281,102],{"class":61},[47,124283,1879],{"class":86},[20,124285,814],{},[38,124287,124288],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124289,124290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124291,124292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124293,46790],{"class":445},[149,124295,1425],{"id":1424},[20,124297,1428,124298,94],{},[15,124299,57460],{},[469,124301,8628,124303,124305],{"id":124302},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124304,57460],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124307,124308],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,124310,124312],{"className":40,"code":124311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124313,124314,124327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124315,124316,124318,124320,124322,124325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124317,54],{"class":53},[47,124319,58],{"class":57},[47,124321,62],{"class":61},[47,124323,124324],{"class":65},"Aardvark",[47,124326,69],{"class":61},[47,124328,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124330,83],{"class":82},[47,124332,87],{"class":86},[47,124334,91],{"class":90},[47,124336,94],{"class":86},[47,124338,41434],{"class":90},[47,124340,87],{"class":86},[47,124342,102],{"class":61},[47,124344,455],{"class":65},[47,124346,102],{"class":61},[47,124348,1879],{"class":86},[20,124350,814],{},[38,124352,124353],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124354,124355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124356,124357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124358,17235],{"class":445},[20,124360,123966,124361,124363],{},[15,124362,124174],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124365,124366],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,124368,124370],{"className":40,"code":124369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124371,124372,124384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124373,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124375,54],{"class":53},[47,124377,58],{"class":57},[47,124379,62],{"class":61},[47,124381,124324],{"class":65},[47,124383,69],{"class":61},[47,124385,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124387,83],{"class":82},[47,124389,87],{"class":86},[47,124391,91],{"class":90},[47,124393,94],{"class":86},[47,124395,1300],{"class":90},[47,124397,1303],{"class":86},[47,124399,41434],{"class":90},[47,124401,87],{"class":86},[47,124403,102],{"class":61},[47,124405,455],{"class":65},[47,124407,102],{"class":61},[47,124409,1879],{"class":86},[469,124411,124413],{"id":124412},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124415,124416],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,124418,124420],{"className":40,"code":124419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124421,124422,124434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124425,54],{"class":53},[47,124427,58],{"class":57},[47,124429,62],{"class":61},[47,124431,491],{"class":65},[47,124433,69],{"class":61},[47,124435,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124437,83],{"class":82},[47,124439,87],{"class":86},[47,124441,91],{"class":90},[47,124443,94],{"class":86},[47,124445,41434],{"class":90},[47,124447,87],{"class":86},[47,124449,455],{"class":90},[47,124451,1879],{"class":86},[20,124453,124454,124455,94],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124456,455],{},[20,124458,10982],{},[38,124460,124462],{"className":40,"code":124461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124463,124464,124476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124465,124466,124468,124470,124472,124474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124467,54],{"class":53},[47,124469,58],{"class":57},[47,124471,62],{"class":61},[47,124473,491],{"class":65},[47,124475,69],{"class":61},[47,124477,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124479,83],{"class":82},[47,124481,87],{"class":86},[47,124483,91],{"class":90},[47,124485,94],{"class":86},[47,124487,41434],{"class":90},[47,124489,87],{"class":86},[47,124491,102],{"class":61},[47,124493,455],{"class":65},[47,124495,102],{"class":61},[47,124497,1879],{"class":86},[469,124499,1608,124501,834,124503,32,124505],{"id":124500},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124502,57460],{},[15,124504,1630],{},[15,124506,59138],{},[20,124508,144,124509,124511,124512,94],{},[15,124510,57460],{}," when you need the ",[3922,124513,124514],{},"number of matches",[20,124516,144,124517,124511,124521,124523],{},[455,124518,124519],{"href":1627},[15,124520,1630],{},[3922,124522,65115],{}," of the first match.",[20,124525,144,124526,124531],{},[455,124527,124529],{"href":124528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124530,59138],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[469,124533,124535],{"id":124534},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124537,124538,124540],{},[15,124539,57460],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124542,183],{},[38,124544,124546],{"className":40,"code":124545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124547,124548,124561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124549,124550,124552,124554,124556,124559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124551,54],{"class":53},[47,124553,58],{"class":57},[47,124555,62],{"class":61},[47,124557,124558],{"class":65},"aaaa",[47,124560,69],{"class":61},[47,124562,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124580,124582],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124564,83],{"class":82},[47,124566,87],{"class":86},[47,124568,91],{"class":90},[47,124570,94],{"class":86},[47,124572,41434],{"class":90},[47,124574,87],{"class":86},[47,124576,102],{"class":61},[47,124578,124579],{"class":65},"aa",[47,124581,102],{"class":61},[47,124583,1879],{"class":86},[20,124585,814],{},[38,124587,124588],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124589,124590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124591,124592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124593,17235],{"class":445},[20,124595,124596,124597,94],{},"It does not return ",[15,124598,2239],{},[20,124600,124601],{},"Why not?",[20,124603,124604],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[162,124606,124607,124616],{},[165,124608,124609,124612,124613],{},[15,124610,124611],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124614,124615],{},"0-1",[165,124617,124618,124612,124620],{},[15,124619,124611],{},[15,124621,124622],{},"2-3",[20,124624,124625,124626,94],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124627,124628],{},"1-2",[149,124630,1321,124631],{"id":58543},[15,124632,57460],{},[20,124634,144,124635,124637],{},[15,124636,57460],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124639,124640],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[162,124642,124643,124652,124662,124672],{},[165,124644,144,124645,124647,124648,124651],{},[15,124646,57460],{}," when you need ",[3922,124649,124650],{},"how many times"," something appears",[165,124653,144,124654,124647,124658,124661],{},[455,124655,124656],{"href":1627},[15,124657,1630],{},[3922,124659,124660],{},"where"," it appears",[165,124663,47984,124664,124668,124669],{},[455,124665,124666,101766],{"href":1705},[15,124667,1613],{}," when you only need to know ",[3922,124670,124671],{},"if it exists",[165,124673,144,124674,124680],{},[455,124675,124677],{"href":124676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124678,124679],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[149,124682,26120],{"id":26119},[20,124684,9049,124685,124687],{},[15,124686,57460],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,124689,124691],{"className":40,"code":124690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124692,124693,124703,124717,124739,124765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124694,124695,124697,124699,124701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124696,83],{"class":82},[47,124698,87],{"class":86},[47,124700,91],{"class":90},[47,124702,286],{"class":86},[47,124704,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713,124715],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124706,83],{"class":82},[47,124708,87],{"class":86},[47,124710,1872],{"class":1570},[47,124712,87],{"class":86},[47,124714,91],{"class":90},[47,124716,1879],{"class":86},[47,124718,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735,124737],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,124720,83],{"class":82},[47,124722,87],{"class":86},[47,124724,91],{"class":90},[47,124726,94],{"class":86},[47,124728,41434],{"class":90},[47,124730,87],{"class":86},[47,124732,102],{"class":61},[47,124734,455],{"class":65},[47,124736,102],{"class":61},[47,124738,1879],{"class":86},[47,124740,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755,124757,124759,124761,124763],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,124742,83],{"class":82},[47,124744,87],{"class":86},[47,124746,91],{"class":90},[47,124748,94],{"class":86},[47,124750,1300],{"class":90},[47,124752,1303],{"class":86},[47,124754,41434],{"class":90},[47,124756,87],{"class":86},[47,124758,102],{"class":61},[47,124760,455],{"class":65},[47,124762,102],{"class":61},[47,124764,1879],{"class":86},[47,124766,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,124768,83],{"class":82},[47,124770,87],{"class":86},[47,124772,91],{"class":90},[47,124774,94],{"class":86},[47,124776,41434],{"class":90},[47,124778,87],{"class":86},[47,124780,102],{"class":61},[47,124782,123610],{"class":65},[47,124784,102],{"class":61},[47,124786,1879],{"class":86},[20,124788,124789],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[162,124791,124792,124795,124800,124803],{},[165,124793,124794],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[165,124796,124797,124799],{},[15,124798,91],{}," not being a string",[165,124801,124802],{},"counting the wrong substring",[165,124804,124805],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124807,59032],{},[162,124809,124810,124813,124816,124819],{},[165,124811,124812],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[165,124814,124815],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[165,124817,124818],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[165,124820,50663,124821,44802,124823,32,124825,73478],{},[15,124822,57460],{},[15,124824,1630],{},[15,124826,1613],{},[149,124828,1962],{"id":1961},[469,124830,124832,124833,124835],{"id":124831},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124834,57460],{}," change the original string?",[20,124837,124838],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[469,124840,2022,124842,2025],{"id":124841},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124843,57460],{},[20,124845,124846],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[469,124848,5323,124850,124852],{"id":124849},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124851,57460],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124854,170,124855,94],{},[15,124856,1721],{},[469,124858,1980,124860,124862],{"id":124859},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124861,57460],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124864,124865],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[469,124867,1966,124869,124871],{"id":124868},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124870,57460],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124873,124874],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[149,124876,2062],{"id":2061},[162,124878,124879,124886,124893,124900,124906],{},[165,124880,124881],{},[455,124882,124883],{"href":1627},[15,124884,124885],{},"Python string find() method",[165,124887,124888],{},[455,124889,124890],{"href":124528},[15,124891,124892],{},"Python string index() method",[165,124894,124895],{},[455,124896,124897],{"href":1263},[15,124898,124899],{},"Python string lower() method",[165,124901,124902],{},[455,124903,124904],{"href":1705},[15,124905,2087],{},[165,124907,124908],{},[455,124909,124910],{"href":124676},[15,124911,124912],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2093,124914,124915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":124917},[124918,124919,124921,124924,124925,124926,124927,124930,124931,124939,124940,124941,124953],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":123638,"depth":72,"text":124920},"What the count() method does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":124922},[124923],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":123852,"depth":72,"text":123853},{"id":65574,"depth":72,"text":66357,"children":124928},[124929],{"id":124072,"depth":79,"text":124073},{"id":1172,"depth":72,"text":1173},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":124932},[124933,124935,124936,124938],{"id":124302,"depth":79,"text":124934},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124412,"depth":79,"text":124413},{"id":124500,"depth":79,"text":124937},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124534,"depth":79,"text":124535},{"id":58543,"depth":72,"text":59174},{"id":26119,"depth":72,"text":26120},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":124942},[124943,124945,124947,124949,124951],{"id":124831,"depth":79,"text":124944},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124841,"depth":79,"text":124946},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124849,"depth":79,"text":124948},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124859,"depth":79,"text":124950},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124868,"depth":79,"text":124952},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123513,"description":124954},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124961,"title":124962,"body":124963,"description":126545,"extension":2138,"meta":126546,"navigation":75,"path":126547,"seo":126548,"stem":126549,"__hash__":126550},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124964,"toc":126518},[124965,124968,124971,125068,125077,125079,125098,125102,125105,125108,125121,125124,125153,125158,125163,125220,125222,125255,125260,125264,125267,125270,125299,125302,125329,125332,125335,125339,125342,125349,125412,125414,125432,125435,125439,125442,125445,125487,125490,125534,125537,125540,125544,125549,125552,125595,125597,125620,125623,125656,125659,125708,125718,125722,125725,125728,125757,125760,125771,125773,125832,125835,125839,125842,125845,125860,125869,125872,125906,125909,125936,125939,125946,125948,125951,125953,125956,125970,125979,125981,126008,126012,126015,126029,126032,126091,126095,126098,126125,126128,126155,126163,126166,126226,126228,126261,126265,126268,126287,126292,126341,126346,126348,126351,126410,126428,126430,126434,126442,126446,126449,126453,126459,126463,126473,126477,126480,126482,126515],[10,124966,124962],{"id":124967},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124969,124970],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,124972,124974],{"className":40,"code":124973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124975,124976,124988,125000,125009,125023,125027,125037,125047,125058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984,124986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124979,193],{"class":53},[47,124981,58],{"class":57},[47,124983,62],{"class":61},[47,124985,5184],{"class":65},[47,124987,69],{"class":61},[47,124989,124990,124992,124994,124996,124998],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124991,90172],{"class":53},[47,124993,58],{"class":57},[47,124995,3474],{"class":61},[47,124997,35042],{"class":65},[47,124999,29876],{"class":61},[47,125001,125002,125005,125007],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125003,125004],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,125006,58],{"class":57},[47,125008,8057],{"class":61},[47,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125012,54],{"class":53},[47,125014,58],{"class":57},[47,125016,1571],{"class":1570},[47,125018,87],{"class":86},[47,125020,1576],{"class":445},[47,125022,286],{"class":86},[47,125024,125025],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125026,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125028,125029,125031,125033,125035],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,125030,83],{"class":82},[47,125032,87],{"class":86},[47,125034,214],{"class":90},[47,125036,286],{"class":86},[47,125038,125039,125041,125043,125045],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,125040,83],{"class":82},[47,125042,87],{"class":86},[47,125044,90189],{"class":90},[47,125046,286],{"class":86},[47,125048,125049,125051,125053,125056],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,125050,83],{"class":82},[47,125052,87],{"class":86},[47,125054,125055],{"class":90},"empty",[47,125057,286],{"class":86},[47,125059,125060,125062,125064,125066],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,125061,83],{"class":82},[47,125063,87],{"class":86},[47,125065,91],{"class":90},[47,125067,286],{"class":86},[20,125069,125070,125073,125074,125076],{},[3922,125071,125072],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125075,47857],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[149,125078,15342],{"id":15341},[162,125080,125081,125084,125087,125090,125095],{},[165,125082,125083],{},"What a string is in Python",[165,125085,125086],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[165,125088,125089],{},"How to create an empty string",[165,125091,125092,125093],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125094,47857],{},[165,125096,125097],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[149,125099,125101],{"id":125100},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125103,125104],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125106,125107],{},"Strings can contain:",[162,125109,125110,125113,125115,125118],{},[165,125111,125112],{},"Letters",[165,125114,56631],{},[165,125116,125117],{},"Spaces",[165,125119,125120],{},"Symbols",[20,125122,125123],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,125125,125127],{"className":40,"code":125126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125128,125129,125137,125145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125130,125131,125133,125135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125132,102],{"class":43502},[47,125134,386],{"class":43506},[47,125136,69],{"class":43502},[47,125138,125139,125141,125143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125140,102],{"class":43502},[47,125142,1576],{"class":43506},[47,125144,69],{"class":43502},[47,125146,125147,125149,125151],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125148,102],{"class":43502},[47,125150,89314],{"class":43506},[47,125152,69],{"class":43502},[20,125154,21156,125155,125157],{},[15,125156,50467],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125159,125160,125161,3062],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125162,2480],{},[38,125164,125166],{"className":40,"code":125165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125167,125168,125180,125188,125192,125206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125171,54],{"class":53},[47,125173,58],{"class":57},[47,125175,62],{"class":61},[47,125177,1576],{"class":65},[47,125179,69],{"class":61},[47,125181,125182,125184,125186],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125183,2394],{"class":53},[47,125185,58],{"class":57},[47,125187,1540],{"class":445},[47,125189,125190],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125191,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125195,83],{"class":82},[47,125197,87],{"class":86},[47,125199,1872],{"class":1570},[47,125201,87],{"class":86},[47,125203,91],{"class":90},[47,125205,1879],{"class":86},[47,125207,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216,125218],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125209,83],{"class":82},[47,125211,87],{"class":86},[47,125213,1872],{"class":1570},[47,125215,87],{"class":86},[47,125217,2417],{"class":90},[47,125219,1879],{"class":86},[20,125221,814],{},[38,125223,125225],{"className":40,"code":125224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125226,125227,125241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125228,125229,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125230,3468],{"class":57},[47,125232,3471],{"class":2242},[47,125234,3474],{"class":61},[47,125236,3622],{"class":65},[47,125238,3479],{"class":61},[47,125240,3482],{"class":57},[47,125242,125243,125245,125247,125249,125251,125253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125244,3468],{"class":57},[47,125246,3471],{"class":2242},[47,125248,3474],{"class":61},[47,125250,2365],{"class":65},[47,125252,3479],{"class":61},[47,125254,3482],{"class":57},[20,125256,125257,125258,94],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[455,125259,458],{"href":457},[149,125261,125263],{"id":125262},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125265,125266],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125268,125269],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,125271,125273],{"className":40,"code":125272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125274,125275,125288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125276,125277,125280,125282,125284,125286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125278,125279],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,125281,58],{"class":57},[47,125283,3474],{"class":61},[47,125285,386],{"class":65},[47,125287,29876],{"class":61},[47,125289,125290,125292,125294,125297],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125291,83],{"class":82},[47,125293,87],{"class":86},[47,125295,125296],{"class":90},"greeting",[47,125298,286],{"class":86},[20,125300,125301],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,125303,125305],{"className":40,"code":125304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125306,125307,125319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125308,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125310,125279],{"class":53},[47,125312,58],{"class":57},[47,125314,62],{"class":61},[47,125316,386],{"class":65},[47,125318,69],{"class":61},[47,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125322,83],{"class":82},[47,125324,87],{"class":86},[47,125326,125296],{"class":90},[47,125328,286],{"class":86},[20,125330,125331],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125333,125334],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[149,125336,125338],{"id":125337},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125340,125341],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125343,125344,125345,32,125347,3062],{},"Use either ",[15,125346,6452],{},[15,125348,3953],{},[38,125350,125352],{"className":40,"code":125351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125353,125354,125363,125372,125376,125387,125398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125355,125356,125359,125361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125357,125358],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,125360,58],{"class":57},[47,125362,8057],{"class":61},[47,125364,125365,125368,125370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125366,125367],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,125369,58],{"class":57},[47,125371,47669],{"class":61},[47,125373,125374],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125375,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125377,125378,125380,125382,125385],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125379,83],{"class":82},[47,125381,87],{"class":86},[47,125383,125384],{"class":90},"empty1",[47,125386,286],{"class":86},[47,125388,125389,125391,125393,125396],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125390,83],{"class":82},[47,125392,87],{"class":86},[47,125394,125395],{"class":90},"empty2",[47,125397,286],{"class":86},[47,125399,125400,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,125401,83],{"class":82},[47,125403,87],{"class":86},[47,125405,1872],{"class":1570},[47,125407,87],{"class":86},[47,125409,125384],{"class":90},[47,125411,1879],{"class":86},[20,125413,814],{},[38,125415,125416],{"className":40,"code":45943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125417,125418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125419,125420,125422,125424,125426,125428,125430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125421,3468],{"class":57},[47,125423,3471],{"class":2242},[47,125425,3474],{"class":61},[47,125427,3622],{"class":65},[47,125429,3479],{"class":61},[47,125431,3482],{"class":57},[20,125433,125434],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[149,125436,125438],{"id":125437},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125440,125441],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125443,125444],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,125446,125448],{"className":40,"code":125447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125449,125450,125461,125466,125473,125477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125451,125452,125454,125456,125459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125453,90172],{"class":53},[47,125455,58],{"class":57},[47,125457,125458],{"class":61}," \"\"\"",[47,125460,89114],{"class":65},[47,125462,125463],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125464,125465],{"class":65},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125467,125468,125471],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125469,125470],{"class":65},"Have a nice day",[47,125472,43510],{"class":61},[47,125474,125475],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125476,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125478,125479,125481,125483,125485],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125480,83],{"class":82},[47,125482,87],{"class":86},[47,125484,90189],{"class":90},[47,125486,286],{"class":86},[20,125488,125489],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,125491,125493],{"className":40,"code":125492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125494,125495,125507,125512,125520,125524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125496,125497,125499,125501,125504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125498,90172],{"class":53},[47,125500,58],{"class":57},[47,125502,125503],{"class":61}," '''",[47,125505,125506],{"class":65},"Line 1\n",[47,125508,125509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125510,125511],{"class":65},"Line 2\n",[47,125513,125514,125517],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125515,125516],{"class":65},"Line 3",[47,125518,125519],{"class":61},"'''\n",[47,125521,125522],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125523,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125525,125526,125528,125530,125532],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125527,83],{"class":82},[47,125529,87],{"class":86},[47,125531,90189],{"class":90},[47,125533,286],{"class":86},[20,125535,125536],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125538,125539],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[149,125541,125543],{"id":125542},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125545,842,125546,125548],{},[15,125547,47857],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125550,125551],{},"Example with a number:",[38,125553,125555],{"className":40,"code":125554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125556,125557,125571,125581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125558,125559,125561,125563,125565,125567,125569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125560,54],{"class":53},[47,125562,58],{"class":57},[47,125564,1571],{"class":1570},[47,125566,87],{"class":86},[47,125568,46699],{"class":445},[47,125570,286],{"class":86},[47,125572,125573,125575,125577,125579],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125574,83],{"class":82},[47,125576,87],{"class":86},[47,125578,91],{"class":90},[47,125580,286],{"class":86},[47,125582,125583,125585,125587,125589,125591,125593],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125584,83],{"class":82},[47,125586,87],{"class":86},[47,125588,1872],{"class":1570},[47,125590,87],{"class":86},[47,125592,91],{"class":90},[47,125594,1879],{"class":86},[20,125596,814],{},[38,125598,125600],{"className":40,"code":125599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125601,125602,125606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125603,125604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125605,46785],{"class":445},[47,125607,125608,125610,125612,125614,125616,125618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125609,3468],{"class":57},[47,125611,3471],{"class":2242},[47,125613,3474],{"class":61},[47,125615,3622],{"class":65},[47,125617,3479],{"class":61},[47,125619,3482],{"class":57},[20,125621,125622],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,125624,125626],{"className":40,"code":125625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125627,125628,125642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125629,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125631,83],{"class":82},[47,125633,87],{"class":86},[47,125635,3622],{"class":1570},[47,125637,87],{"class":86},[47,125639,31],{"class":4032},[47,125641,1879],{"class":86},[47,125643,125644,125646,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125645,83],{"class":82},[47,125647,87],{"class":86},[47,125649,3622],{"class":1570},[47,125651,87],{"class":86},[47,125653,40318],{"class":445},[47,125655,1879],{"class":86},[20,125657,125658],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,125660,125662],{"className":40,"code":125661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125663,125664,125672,125694,125698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125665,125666,125668,125670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125667,21805],{"class":53},[47,125669,58],{"class":57},[47,125671,45398],{"class":445},[47,125673,125674,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684,125686,125688,125690,125692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125675,90172],{"class":53},[47,125677,58],{"class":57},[47,125679,62],{"class":61},[47,125681,89590],{"class":65},[47,125683,102],{"class":61},[47,125685,2633],{"class":57},[47,125687,1571],{"class":1570},[47,125689,87],{"class":86},[47,125691,9473],{"class":90},[47,125693,286],{"class":86},[47,125695,125696],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125697,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125699,125700,125702,125704,125706],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125701,83],{"class":82},[47,125703,87],{"class":86},[47,125705,90189],{"class":90},[47,125707,286],{"class":86},[20,125709,125710,125711,32,125715,94],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[455,125712,3755,125713,3688],{"href":42350},[15,125714,47857],{},[455,125716,125717],{"href":123444},"how to convert int to string in Python",[149,125719,125721],{"id":125720},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125723,125724],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125726,125727],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,125729,125731],{"className":40,"code":125730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125732,125733,125745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125734,125735,125737,125739,125741,125743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125736,2732],{"class":53},[47,125738,58],{"class":57},[47,125740,3474],{"class":61},[47,125742,105],{"class":65},[47,125744,29876],{"class":61},[47,125746,125747,125749,125751,125753,125755],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125748,2760],{"class":53},[47,125750,58],{"class":57},[47,125752,62],{"class":61},[47,125754,105],{"class":65},[47,125756,69],{"class":61},[20,125758,125759],{},"A common rule is:",[162,125761,125762,125765,125768],{},[165,125763,125764],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[165,125766,125767],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[165,125769,125770],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125772,183],{},[38,125774,125776],{"className":40,"code":125775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125777,125778,125792,125806,125810,125821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125779,125780,125783,125785,125787,125790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125781,125782],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125784,58],{"class":57},[47,125786,62],{"class":61},[47,125788,125789],{"class":65},"It's working",[47,125791,69],{"class":61},[47,125793,125794,125797,125799,125801,125804],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125795,125796],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125798,58],{"class":57},[47,125800,3474],{"class":61},[47,125802,125803],{"class":65},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125805,29876],{"class":61},[47,125807,125808],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,125809,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,125811,125812,125814,125816,125819],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,125813,83],{"class":82},[47,125815,87],{"class":86},[47,125817,125818],{"class":90},"text1",[47,125820,286],{"class":86},[47,125822,125823,125825,125827,125830],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,125824,83],{"class":82},[47,125826,87],{"class":86},[47,125828,125829],{"class":90},"text2",[47,125831,286],{"class":86},[20,125833,125834],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[149,125836,125838],{"id":125837},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125840,125841],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125843,125844],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,125846,125848],{"className":40,"code":125847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125849,125850,125855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125851,125852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125853,125854],{"class":113},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125856,125857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125858,125859],{"class":113},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125861,125862,125863,35505,125865,125868],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125864,3479],{},[15,125866,125867],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125870,125871],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,125873,125875],{"className":40,"code":125874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125876,125877,125896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125878,125879,125881,125883,125885,125888,125891,125894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125880,54],{"class":53},[47,125882,58],{"class":57},[47,125884,3474],{"class":61},[47,125886,125887],{"class":65},"It",[47,125889,125890],{"class":34629},"\\'",[47,125892,125893],{"class":65},"s working",[47,125895,29876],{"class":61},[47,125897,125898,125900,125902,125904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125899,83],{"class":82},[47,125901,87],{"class":86},[47,125903,91],{"class":90},[47,125905,286],{"class":86},[20,125907,125908],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,125910,125912],{"className":40,"code":125911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125913,125914,125926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125915,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125917,54],{"class":53},[47,125919,58],{"class":57},[47,125921,62],{"class":61},[47,125923,125789],{"class":65},[47,125925,69],{"class":61},[47,125927,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125929,83],{"class":82},[47,125931,87],{"class":86},[47,125933,91],{"class":90},[47,125935,286],{"class":86},[20,125937,125938],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125940,125941,125942,94],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[455,125943,125945],{"href":125944},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[149,125947,1425],{"id":1424},[20,125949,125950],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[469,125952,90379],{"id":90378},[20,125954,125955],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,125957,125959],{"className":40,"code":125958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125960,125961,125965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125962,125963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125964,125854],{"class":113},[47,125966,125967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125968,125969],{"class":113},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125971,125972,125973,8777,125976,125978],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125974,125975],{},"NameError",[15,125977,5184],{}," is not defined.",[20,125980,10982],{},[38,125982,125984],{"className":40,"code":125983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125985,125986,125998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125987,125988,125990,125992,125994,125996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125989,193],{"class":53},[47,125991,58],{"class":57},[47,125993,62],{"class":61},[47,125995,5184],{"class":65},[47,125997,69],{"class":61},[47,125999,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126001,83],{"class":82},[47,126003,87],{"class":86},[47,126005,214],{"class":90},[47,126007,286],{"class":86},[469,126009,126011],{"id":126010},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126013,126014],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,126016,126018],{"className":40,"code":126017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126019,126020,126024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126021,126022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126023,125854],{"class":113},[47,126025,126026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126027,126028],{"class":113},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126030,126031],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,126033,126035],{"className":40,"code":126034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126036,126037,126054,126067,126071,126081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126038,126039,126041,126043,126045,126047,126049,126052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126040,125782],{"class":53},[47,126042,58],{"class":57},[47,126044,3474],{"class":61},[47,126046,125887],{"class":65},[47,126048,125890],{"class":34629},[47,126050,126051],{"class":65},"s good",[47,126053,29876],{"class":61},[47,126055,126056,126058,126060,126062,126065],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126057,125796],{"class":53},[47,126059,58],{"class":57},[47,126061,62],{"class":61},[47,126063,126064],{"class":65},"It's good",[47,126066,69],{"class":61},[47,126068,126069],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126070,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,126072,126073,126075,126077,126079],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,126074,83],{"class":82},[47,126076,87],{"class":86},[47,126078,125818],{"class":90},[47,126080,286],{"class":86},[47,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,126084,83],{"class":82},[47,126086,87],{"class":86},[47,126088,125829],{"class":90},[47,126090,286],{"class":86},[469,126092,126094],{"id":126093},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126096,126097],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,126099,126101],{"className":40,"code":126100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126102,126103,126115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126104,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126106,54],{"class":53},[47,126108,58],{"class":57},[47,126110,125458],{"class":61},[47,126112,386],{"class":65},[47,126114,43510],{"class":61},[47,126116,126117,126119,126121,126123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126118,83],{"class":82},[47,126120,87],{"class":86},[47,126122,91],{"class":90},[47,126124,286],{"class":86},[20,126126,126127],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,126129,126131],{"className":40,"code":126130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126132,126133,126145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126134,126135,126137,126139,126141,126143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126136,54],{"class":53},[47,126138,58],{"class":57},[47,126140,62],{"class":61},[47,126142,386],{"class":65},[47,126144,69],{"class":61},[47,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126148,83],{"class":82},[47,126150,87],{"class":86},[47,126152,91],{"class":90},[47,126154,286],{"class":86},[469,126156,4761,126158,837,126160,126162],{"id":126157},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126159,1576],{},[15,126161,50467],{}," are the same type",[20,126164,126165],{},"They are different:",[38,126167,126169],{"className":40,"code":126168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126170,126171,126180,126193,126197,126211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126172,126173,126176,126178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126174,126175],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,126177,58],{"class":57},[47,126179,1540],{"class":445},[47,126181,126182,126185,126187,126189,126191],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126183,126184],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,126186,58],{"class":57},[47,126188,62],{"class":61},[47,126190,1576],{"class":65},[47,126192,69],{"class":61},[47,126194,126195],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126196,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,126198,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,126200,83],{"class":82},[47,126202,87],{"class":86},[47,126204,1872],{"class":1570},[47,126206,87],{"class":86},[47,126208,84935],{"class":90},[47,126210,1879],{"class":86},[47,126212,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221,126224],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,126214,83],{"class":82},[47,126216,87],{"class":86},[47,126218,1872],{"class":1570},[47,126220,87],{"class":86},[47,126222,126223],{"class":90},"value2",[47,126225,1879],{"class":86},[20,126227,814],{},[38,126229,126231],{"className":40,"code":126230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126232,126233,126247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126234,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126236,3468],{"class":57},[47,126238,3471],{"class":2242},[47,126240,3474],{"class":61},[47,126242,2365],{"class":65},[47,126244,3479],{"class":61},[47,126246,3482],{"class":57},[47,126248,126249,126251,126253,126255,126257,126259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126250,3468],{"class":57},[47,126252,3471],{"class":2242},[47,126254,3474],{"class":61},[47,126256,3622],{"class":65},[47,126258,3479],{"class":61},[47,126260,3482],{"class":57},[469,126262,126264],{"id":126263},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126266,126267],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,126269,126271],{"className":40,"code":126270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126272,126273,126277,126282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126274,126275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126276,125854],{"class":113},[47,126278,126279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126280,126281],{"class":113},"# age = 10\n",[47,126283,126284],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126285,126286],{"class":113},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126288,126289,126290,3062],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126291,47857],{},[38,126293,126295],{"className":40,"code":126294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126296,126297,126305,126327,126331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126298,126299,126301,126303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126300,21805],{"class":53},[47,126302,58],{"class":57},[47,126304,2765],{"class":445},[47,126306,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126308,90172],{"class":53},[47,126310,58],{"class":57},[47,126312,62],{"class":61},[47,126314,89590],{"class":65},[47,126316,102],{"class":61},[47,126318,2633],{"class":57},[47,126320,1571],{"class":1570},[47,126322,87],{"class":86},[47,126324,9473],{"class":90},[47,126326,286],{"class":86},[47,126328,126329],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126330,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,126332,126333,126335,126337,126339],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,126334,83],{"class":82},[47,126336,87],{"class":86},[47,126338,90189],{"class":90},[47,126340,286],{"class":86},[20,126342,126343,126344,94],{},"For this specific error, see ",[455,126345,90571],{"href":90570},[469,126347,60879],{"id":60878},[20,126349,126350],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,126352,126354],{"className":40,"code":126353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126355,126356,126368,126372,126382,126396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126357,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126359,54],{"class":53},[47,126361,58],{"class":57},[47,126363,62],{"class":61},[47,126365,386],{"class":65},[47,126367,69],{"class":61},[47,126369,126370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126371,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,126373,126374,126376,126378,126380],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126375,83],{"class":82},[47,126377,87],{"class":86},[47,126379,91],{"class":90},[47,126381,286],{"class":86},[47,126383,126384,126386,126388,126390,126392,126394],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,126385,83],{"class":82},[47,126387,87],{"class":86},[47,126389,1872],{"class":1570},[47,126391,87],{"class":86},[47,126393,91],{"class":90},[47,126395,1879],{"class":86},[47,126397,126398,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,126399,83],{"class":82},[47,126401,87],{"class":86},[47,126403,41954],{"class":82},[47,126405,87],{"class":86},[47,126407,91],{"class":90},[47,126409,1879],{"class":86},[162,126411,126412,126417,126422],{},[165,126413,126414,46451],{},[15,126415,126416],{},"print(text)",[165,126418,126419,46456],{},[15,126420,126421],{},"print(type(text))",[165,126423,126424,126427],{},[15,126425,126426],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[149,126429,1962],{"id":1961},[469,126431,126433],{"id":126432},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126435,126436,126437,32,126440,94],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126438,126439],{},"'hello'",[15,126441,64703],{},[469,126443,126445],{"id":126444},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126447,126448],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[469,126450,126452],{"id":126451},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126454,144,126455,32,126457,94],{},[15,126456,6452],{},[15,126458,3953],{},[469,126460,126462],{"id":126461},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126464,144,126465,126467,126468,126470,126471,94],{},[15,126466,47857],{},", like ",[15,126469,80545],{},", which returns ",[15,126472,42301],{},[469,126474,126476],{"id":126475},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126478,126479],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[149,126481,2062],{"id":2061},[162,126483,126484,126488,126494,126499,126507,126511],{},[165,126485,126486],{},[455,126487,458],{"href":457},[165,126489,126490],{},[455,126491,3755,126492,3688],{"href":42350},[15,126493,47857],{},[165,126495,126496],{},[455,126497,126498],{"href":123444},"How to convert int to string in Python",[165,126500,126501],{},[455,126502,1164,126504,1168],{"href":126503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126505,126506],{},"format()",[165,126508,126509],{},[455,126510,125945],{"href":125944},[165,126512,126513],{},[455,126514,90571],{"href":90570},[2093,126516,126517],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":126519},[126520,126521,126522,126523,126524,126525,126526,126527,126528,126537,126544],{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":125100,"depth":72,"text":125101},{"id":125262,"depth":72,"text":125263},{"id":125337,"depth":72,"text":125338},{"id":125437,"depth":72,"text":125438},{"id":125542,"depth":72,"text":125543},{"id":125720,"depth":72,"text":125721},{"id":125837,"depth":72,"text":125838},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":126529},[126530,126531,126532,126533,126535,126536],{"id":90378,"depth":79,"text":90379},{"id":126010,"depth":79,"text":126011},{"id":126093,"depth":79,"text":126094},{"id":126157,"depth":79,"text":126534},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126263,"depth":79,"text":126264},{"id":60878,"depth":79,"text":60879},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":126538},[126539,126540,126541,126542,126543],{"id":126432,"depth":79,"text":126433},{"id":126444,"depth":79,"text":126445},{"id":126451,"depth":79,"text":126452},{"id":126461,"depth":79,"text":126462},{"id":126475,"depth":79,"text":126476},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124962,"description":126545},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126552,"title":126553,"body":126554,"description":128453,"extension":2138,"meta":128454,"navigation":75,"path":128455,"seo":128456,"stem":128457,"__hash__":128458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126555,"toc":128414},[126556,126561,126566,126573,126575,126640,126642,126654,126663,126668,126672,126689,126691,126756,126758,126770,126775,126777,126805,126826,126829,126868,126870,126878,126882,126886,126890,126898,126901,126942,126944,126952,126955,127012,127014,127022,127026,127031,127075,127077,127085,127094,127098,127103,127151,127153,127161,127167,127169,127173,127184,127189,127268,127270,127290,127294,127298,127338,127340,127348,127352,127393,127395,127403,127407,127447,127449,127457,127461,127517,127519,127527,127532,127534,127538,127546,127613,127615,127628,127634,127677,127679,127687,127691,127694,127750,127752,127760,127763,127765,127840,127842,127850,127858,127860,127864,127868,127870,127892,127895,127942,127946,127985,127987,127995,127997,128039,128046,128051,128113,128115,128127,128133,128138,128187,128189,128208,128214,128216,128235,128237,128328,128330,128335,128342,128348,128354,128359,128368,128375,128383,128385,128411],[10,126557,13,126559,18],{"id":126558},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126560,1167],{},[20,126562,22,126563,126565],{},[15,126564,1167],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126567,28,126568,32,126570,126572],{},[15,126569,31],{},[15,126571,35],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[149,126574,2179],{"id":2178},[38,126576,126578],{"className":40,"code":126577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126579,126580,126593,126617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126581,126582,126584,126586,126588,126591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126583,650],{"class":53},[47,126585,58],{"class":57},[47,126587,62],{"class":61},[47,126589,126590],{"class":65},"report.csv",[47,126592,69],{"class":61},[47,126594,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126606,126608,126610,126613,126615],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126596,83],{"class":82},[47,126598,87],{"class":86},[47,126600,668],{"class":90},[47,126602,94],{"class":86},[47,126604,126605],{"class":90},"endswith",[47,126607,87],{"class":86},[47,126609,102],{"class":61},[47,126611,126612],{"class":65},".csv",[47,126614,102],{"class":61},[47,126616,1879],{"class":86},[47,126618,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126629,126631,126633,126636,126638],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126620,83],{"class":82},[47,126622,87],{"class":86},[47,126624,668],{"class":90},[47,126626,94],{"class":86},[47,126628,126605],{"class":90},[47,126630,87],{"class":86},[47,126632,102],{"class":61},[47,126634,126635],{"class":65},".txt",[47,126637,102],{"class":61},[47,126639,1879],{"class":86},[20,126641,814],{},[38,126643,126644],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126645,126646,126650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126647,126648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126649,4160],{"class":4032},[47,126651,126652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126653,4221],{"class":4032},[20,126655,144,126656,5548,126658,32,126660,126662],{},[15,126657,1167],{},[15,126659,31],{},[15,126661,35],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[149,126664,152,126666,155],{"id":126665},"what-endswith-does",[15,126667,1167],{},[20,126669,126670,3062],{},[15,126671,1167],{},[162,126673,126674,126677,126683,126686],{},[165,126675,126676],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[165,126678,11599,126679,32,126681],{},[15,126680,31],{},[15,126682,35],{},[165,126684,126685],{},"Does not change the original string",[165,126687,126688],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126690,183],{},[38,126692,126694],{"className":40,"code":126693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126695,126696,126708,126712,126734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126699,54],{"class":53},[47,126701,58],{"class":57},[47,126703,62],{"class":61},[47,126705,361],{"class":65},[47,126707,69],{"class":61},[47,126709,126710],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126711,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,126713,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,126715,83],{"class":82},[47,126717,87],{"class":86},[47,126719,91],{"class":90},[47,126721,94],{"class":86},[47,126723,126605],{"class":90},[47,126725,87],{"class":86},[47,126727,102],{"class":61},[47,126729,412],{"class":65},[47,126731,102],{"class":61},[47,126733,1879],{"class":86},[47,126735,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,126737,83],{"class":82},[47,126739,87],{"class":86},[47,126741,91],{"class":90},[47,126743,94],{"class":86},[47,126745,126605],{"class":90},[47,126747,87],{"class":86},[47,126749,102],{"class":61},[47,126751,386],{"class":65},[47,126753,102],{"class":61},[47,126755,1879],{"class":86},[20,126757,814],{},[38,126759,126760],{"className":40,"code":44346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126761,126762,126766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126763,126764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126765,4160],{"class":4032},[47,126767,126768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126769,4221],{"class":4032},[20,126771,126772,126773,94],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[455,126774,458],{"href":457},[149,126776,261],{"id":260},[38,126778,126780],{"className":40,"code":126779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126781,126782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126783,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126795,126797,126799,126801,126803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126785,274],{"class":53},[47,126787,94],{"class":86},[47,126789,126605],{"class":90},[47,126791,87],{"class":86},[47,126793,126794],{"class":90},"suffix",[47,126796,309],{"class":86},[47,126798,312],{"class":90},[47,126800,309],{"class":86},[47,126802,335],{"class":90},[47,126804,286],{"class":86},[162,126806,126807,126812,126819],{},[165,126808,126809,126811],{},[15,126810,126794],{}," is required",[165,126813,126814,837,126816,126818],{},[15,126815,522],{},[15,126817,575],{}," are optional",[165,126820,126821,837,126823,126825],{},[15,126822,522],{},[15,126824,575],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126827,126828],{},"Basic example:",[38,126830,126832],{"className":40,"code":126831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126833,126834,126846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126835,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126837,650],{"class":53},[47,126839,58],{"class":57},[47,126841,62],{"class":61},[47,126843,87060],{"class":65},[47,126845,69],{"class":61},[47,126847,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126849,83],{"class":82},[47,126851,87],{"class":86},[47,126853,668],{"class":90},[47,126855,94],{"class":86},[47,126857,126605],{"class":90},[47,126859,87],{"class":86},[47,126861,102],{"class":61},[47,126863,126635],{"class":65},[47,126865,102],{"class":61},[47,126867,1879],{"class":86},[20,126869,814],{},[38,126871,126872],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126873,126874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126875,126876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126877,4160],{"class":4032},[149,126879,126881],{"id":126880},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[469,126883,126884],{"id":126794},[15,126885,126794],{},[20,126887,126888,30927],{},[15,126889,126794],{},[162,126891,126892,126895],{},[165,126893,126894],{},"A single string",[165,126896,126897],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126899,126900],{},"Single suffix:",[38,126902,126904],{"className":40,"code":126903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126905,126906,126919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126907,126908,126910,126912,126914,126917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126909,193],{"class":53},[47,126911,58],{"class":57},[47,126913,62],{"class":61},[47,126915,126916],{"class":65},"image.png",[47,126918,69],{"class":61},[47,126920,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126938,126940],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126922,83],{"class":82},[47,126924,87],{"class":86},[47,126926,214],{"class":90},[47,126928,94],{"class":86},[47,126930,126605],{"class":90},[47,126932,87],{"class":86},[47,126934,102],{"class":61},[47,126936,126937],{"class":65},".png",[47,126939,102],{"class":61},[47,126941,1879],{"class":86},[20,126943,814],{},[38,126945,126946],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126947,126948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126949,126950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126951,4160],{"class":4032},[20,126953,126954],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,126956,126958],{"className":40,"code":126957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126959,126960,126972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126961,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126963,193],{"class":53},[47,126965,58],{"class":57},[47,126967,62],{"class":61},[47,126969,126916],{"class":65},[47,126971,69],{"class":61},[47,126973,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127008,127010],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126975,83],{"class":82},[47,126977,87],{"class":86},[47,126979,214],{"class":90},[47,126981,94],{"class":86},[47,126983,126605],{"class":90},[47,126985,675],{"class":86},[47,126987,102],{"class":61},[47,126989,126990],{"class":65},".jpg",[47,126992,102],{"class":61},[47,126994,309],{"class":86},[47,126996,62],{"class":61},[47,126998,126937],{"class":65},[47,127000,102],{"class":61},[47,127002,309],{"class":86},[47,127004,62],{"class":61},[47,127006,127007],{"class":65},".gif",[47,127009,102],{"class":61},[47,127011,1958],{"class":86},[20,127013,814],{},[38,127015,127016],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127017,127018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127019,127020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127021,4160],{"class":4032},[469,127023,127024],{"id":522},[15,127025,522],{},[20,127027,127028,127030],{},[15,127029,522],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,127032,127034],{"className":40,"code":127033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127035,127036,127049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127037,127038,127040,127042,127044,127047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127039,54],{"class":53},[47,127041,58],{"class":57},[47,127043,62],{"class":61},[47,127045,127046],{"class":65},"my_report.csv",[47,127048,69],{"class":61},[47,127050,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127052,83],{"class":82},[47,127054,87],{"class":86},[47,127056,91],{"class":90},[47,127058,94],{"class":86},[47,127060,126605],{"class":90},[47,127062,87],{"class":86},[47,127064,102],{"class":61},[47,127066,126612],{"class":65},[47,127068,102],{"class":61},[47,127070,309],{"class":86},[47,127072,2630],{"class":445},[47,127074,1879],{"class":86},[20,127076,814],{},[38,127078,127079],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127080,127081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127082,127083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127084,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127086,127087,127088,127090,127091,94],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127089,2239],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127092,127093],{},"\"report.csv\"",[469,127095,127096],{"id":575},[15,127097,575],{},[20,127099,127100,127102],{},[15,127101,575],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,127104,127106],{"className":40,"code":127105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127107,127108,127121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127109,127110,127112,127114,127116,127119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127111,54],{"class":53},[47,127113,58],{"class":57},[47,127115,62],{"class":61},[47,127117,127118],{"class":65},"report.csv backup",[47,127120,69],{"class":61},[47,127122,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127124,83],{"class":82},[47,127126,87],{"class":86},[47,127128,91],{"class":90},[47,127130,94],{"class":86},[47,127132,126605],{"class":90},[47,127134,87],{"class":86},[47,127136,102],{"class":61},[47,127138,126612],{"class":65},[47,127140,102],{"class":61},[47,127142,309],{"class":86},[47,127144,4014],{"class":445},[47,127146,309],{"class":86},[47,127148,6184],{"class":445},[47,127150,1879],{"class":86},[20,127152,814],{},[38,127154,127155],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127156,127157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127158,127159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127160,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127162,127163,127164,127166],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127165,127093],{}," and ignores the rest.",[149,127168,700],{"id":699},[20,127170,127171,25686],{},[15,127172,1167],{},[162,127174,127175,127180],{},[165,127176,127177,127179],{},[15,127178,31],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[165,127181,127182,717],{},[15,127183,35],{},[20,127185,127186,127187,724],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127188,723],{},[38,127190,127192],{"className":40,"code":127191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127193,127194,127207,127211,127232,127247,127253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127195,127196,127198,127200,127202,127205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127197,650],{"class":53},[47,127199,58],{"class":57},[47,127201,62],{"class":61},[47,127203,127204],{"class":65},"data.csv",[47,127206,69],{"class":61},[47,127208,127209],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127210,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,127212,127213,127215,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,127214,723],{"class":752},[47,127216,127217],{"class":53}," filename",[47,127219,94],{"class":86},[47,127221,126605],{"class":90},[47,127223,87],{"class":86},[47,127225,102],{"class":61},[47,127227,126612],{"class":65},[47,127229,102],{"class":61},[47,127231,771],{"class":86},[47,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127243,127245],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,127235,776],{"class":82},[47,127237,87],{"class":86},[47,127239,102],{"class":61},[47,127241,127242],{"class":65},"This is a CSV file.",[47,127244,102],{"class":61},[47,127246,286],{"class":86},[47,127248,127249,127251],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,127250,792],{"class":752},[47,127252,795],{"class":86},[47,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127264,127266],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,127256,776],{"class":82},[47,127258,87],{"class":86},[47,127260,102],{"class":61},[47,127262,127263],{"class":65},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,127265,102],{"class":61},[47,127267,286],{"class":86},[20,127269,814],{},[38,127271,127273],{"className":40,"code":127272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127274,127275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127276,127277,127279,127281,127283,127286,127288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127278,50051],{"class":53},[47,127280,12371],{"class":57},[47,127282,44717],{"class":53},[47,127284,127285],{"class":34629},"CSV",[47,127287,86801],{"class":86800},[47,127289,827],{"class":86},[149,127291,127293],{"id":127292},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[469,127295,127297],{"id":127296},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,127299,127301],{"className":40,"code":127300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127302,127303,127316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127304,127305,127307,127309,127311,127314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127306,650],{"class":53},[47,127308,58],{"class":57},[47,127310,62],{"class":61},[47,127312,127313],{"class":65},"sales.csv",[47,127315,69],{"class":61},[47,127317,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127319,83],{"class":82},[47,127321,87],{"class":86},[47,127323,668],{"class":90},[47,127325,94],{"class":86},[47,127327,126605],{"class":90},[47,127329,87],{"class":86},[47,127331,102],{"class":61},[47,127333,126612],{"class":65},[47,127335,102],{"class":61},[47,127337,1879],{"class":86},[20,127339,814],{},[38,127341,127342],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127343,127344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127345,127346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127347,4160],{"class":4032},[469,127349,127351],{"id":127350},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,127353,127355],{"className":40,"code":127354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127356,127357,127370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127358,127359,127361,127363,127365,127368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127360,1363],{"class":53},[47,127362,58],{"class":57},[47,127364,62],{"class":61},[47,127366,127367],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,127369,69],{"class":61},[47,127371,127372,127374,127376,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127373,83],{"class":82},[47,127375,87],{"class":86},[47,127377,127378],{"class":90},"url",[47,127380,94],{"class":86},[47,127382,126605],{"class":90},[47,127384,87],{"class":86},[47,127386,102],{"class":61},[47,127388,766],{"class":65},[47,127390,102],{"class":61},[47,127392,1879],{"class":86},[20,127394,814],{},[38,127396,127397],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127398,127399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127400,127401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127402,4160],{"class":4032},[469,127404,127406],{"id":127405},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,127408,127410],{"className":40,"code":127409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127411,127412,127425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127413,127414,127416,127418,127420,127423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127415,90172],{"class":53},[47,127417,58],{"class":57},[47,127419,62],{"class":61},[47,127421,127422],{"class":65},"Hello!",[47,127424,69],{"class":61},[47,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127428,83],{"class":82},[47,127430,87],{"class":86},[47,127432,90189],{"class":90},[47,127434,94],{"class":86},[47,127436,126605],{"class":90},[47,127438,87],{"class":86},[47,127440,102],{"class":61},[47,127442,90013],{"class":65},[47,127444,102],{"class":61},[47,127446,1879],{"class":86},[20,127448,814],{},[38,127450,127451],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127452,127453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127454,127455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127456,4160],{"class":4032},[469,127458,127460],{"id":127459},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,127462,127464],{"className":40,"code":127463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127465,127466,127479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127467,127468,127470,127472,127474,127477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127469,650],{"class":53},[47,127471,58],{"class":57},[47,127473,62],{"class":61},[47,127475,127476],{"class":65},"photo.jpg",[47,127478,69],{"class":61},[47,127480,127481,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127482,83],{"class":82},[47,127484,87],{"class":86},[47,127486,668],{"class":90},[47,127488,94],{"class":86},[47,127490,126605],{"class":90},[47,127492,675],{"class":86},[47,127494,102],{"class":61},[47,127496,126990],{"class":65},[47,127498,102],{"class":61},[47,127500,309],{"class":86},[47,127502,62],{"class":61},[47,127504,126937],{"class":65},[47,127506,102],{"class":61},[47,127508,309],{"class":86},[47,127510,62],{"class":61},[47,127512,127007],{"class":65},[47,127514,102],{"class":61},[47,127516,1958],{"class":86},[20,127518,814],{},[38,127520,127521],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127522,127523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127524,127525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127526,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127528,127529,127530,94],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[455,127531,1706],{"href":1705},[149,127533,1173],{"id":1172},[20,127535,127536,1178],{},[15,127537,1167],{},[20,127539,1181,127540,837,127543,1188],{},[15,127541,127542],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127544,127545],{},"\".csv\"",[38,127547,127549],{"className":40,"code":127548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127550,127551,127564,127568,127590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127554,650],{"class":53},[47,127556,58],{"class":57},[47,127558,62],{"class":61},[47,127560,127561],{"class":65},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127563,69],{"class":61},[47,127565,127566],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127567,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,127569,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,127571,83],{"class":82},[47,127573,87],{"class":86},[47,127575,668],{"class":90},[47,127577,94],{"class":86},[47,127579,126605],{"class":90},[47,127581,87],{"class":86},[47,127583,102],{"class":61},[47,127585,126612],{"class":65},[47,127587,102],{"class":61},[47,127589,1879],{"class":86},[47,127591,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127609,127611],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,127593,83],{"class":82},[47,127595,87],{"class":86},[47,127597,668],{"class":90},[47,127599,94],{"class":86},[47,127601,126605],{"class":90},[47,127603,87],{"class":86},[47,127605,102],{"class":61},[47,127607,127608],{"class":65},".CSV",[47,127610,102],{"class":61},[47,127612,1879],{"class":86},[20,127614,814],{},[38,127616,127618],{"className":40,"code":127617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127619,127620,127624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127621,127622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127623,4221],{"class":4032},[47,127625,127626],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127627,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127629,1260,127630,94],{},[455,127631,127632],{"href":1263},[15,127633,1266],{},[38,127635,127637],{"className":40,"code":127636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127638,127639,127651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127640,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127642,650],{"class":53},[47,127644,58],{"class":57},[47,127646,62],{"class":61},[47,127648,127561],{"class":65},[47,127650,69],{"class":61},[47,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127654,83],{"class":82},[47,127656,87],{"class":86},[47,127658,668],{"class":90},[47,127660,94],{"class":86},[47,127662,1300],{"class":90},[47,127664,1303],{"class":86},[47,127666,126605],{"class":90},[47,127668,87],{"class":86},[47,127670,102],{"class":61},[47,127672,126612],{"class":65},[47,127674,102],{"class":61},[47,127676,1879],{"class":86},[20,127678,814],{},[38,127680,127681],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127682,127683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127684,127685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127686,4160],{"class":4032},[149,127688,127690],{"id":127689},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127692,127693],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,127695,127697],{"className":40,"code":127696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127698,127699,127712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127700,127701,127703,127705,127707,127710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127702,650],{"class":53},[47,127704,58],{"class":57},[47,127706,62],{"class":61},[47,127708,127709],{"class":65},"picture.gif",[47,127711,69],{"class":61},[47,127713,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127715,83],{"class":82},[47,127717,87],{"class":86},[47,127719,668],{"class":90},[47,127721,94],{"class":86},[47,127723,126605],{"class":90},[47,127725,675],{"class":86},[47,127727,102],{"class":61},[47,127729,126990],{"class":65},[47,127731,102],{"class":61},[47,127733,309],{"class":86},[47,127735,62],{"class":61},[47,127737,126937],{"class":65},[47,127739,102],{"class":61},[47,127741,309],{"class":86},[47,127743,62],{"class":61},[47,127745,127007],{"class":65},[47,127747,102],{"class":61},[47,127749,1958],{"class":86},[20,127751,814],{},[38,127753,127754],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127755,127756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127757,127758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127759,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127761,127762],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127764,52250],{},[38,127766,127768],{"className":40,"code":127767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127769,127770,127783,127817,127821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127771,127772,127775,127777,127779,127781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127773,127774],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127776,58],{"class":57},[47,127778,62],{"class":61},[47,127780,87060],{"class":65},[47,127782,69],{"class":61},[47,127784,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127804,127806,127808,127810,127813,127815],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127786,1062],{"class":53},[47,127788,58],{"class":57},[47,127790,1067],{"class":86},[47,127792,102],{"class":61},[47,127794,126635],{"class":65},[47,127796,102],{"class":61},[47,127798,309],{"class":86},[47,127800,62],{"class":61},[47,127802,127803],{"class":65},".md",[47,127805,102],{"class":61},[47,127807,309],{"class":86},[47,127809,62],{"class":61},[47,127811,127812],{"class":65},".docx",[47,127814,102],{"class":61},[47,127816,286],{"class":86},[47,127818,127819],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,127820,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,127822,127823,127825,127827,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,127824,83],{"class":82},[47,127826,87],{"class":86},[47,127828,127829],{"class":90},"document",[47,127831,94],{"class":86},[47,127833,126605],{"class":90},[47,127835,87],{"class":86},[47,127837,1106],{"class":90},[47,127839,1879],{"class":86},[20,127841,814],{},[38,127843,127844],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127845,127846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127847,127848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127849,4160],{"class":4032},[20,127851,127852,127853,94],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[455,127854,1164,127856,1168],{"href":127855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127857,17],{},[149,127859,1425],{"id":1424},[20,127861,8622,127862,94],{},[15,127863,1167],{},[469,127865,127867],{"id":127866},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127869,4707],{},[38,127871,127873],{"className":40,"code":127872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127874,127875,127887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127876,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127878,650],{"class":53},[47,127880,58],{"class":57},[47,127882,62],{"class":61},[47,127884,127476],{"class":65},[47,127886,69],{"class":61},[47,127888,127889],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127890,127891],{"class":113},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127893,127894],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,127896,127898],{"className":40,"code":127897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127899,127900,127912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127901,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127903,650],{"class":53},[47,127905,58],{"class":57},[47,127907,62],{"class":61},[47,127909,127476],{"class":65},[47,127911,69],{"class":61},[47,127913,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127915,83],{"class":82},[47,127917,87],{"class":86},[47,127919,668],{"class":90},[47,127921,94],{"class":86},[47,127923,126605],{"class":90},[47,127925,675],{"class":86},[47,127927,102],{"class":61},[47,127929,126990],{"class":65},[47,127931,102],{"class":61},[47,127933,309],{"class":86},[47,127935,62],{"class":61},[47,127937,126937],{"class":65},[47,127939,102],{"class":61},[47,127941,1958],{"class":86},[469,127943,127945],{"id":127944},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,127947,127949],{"className":40,"code":127948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127950,127951,127963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127952,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127954,650],{"class":53},[47,127956,58],{"class":57},[47,127958,62],{"class":61},[47,127960,127561],{"class":65},[47,127962,69],{"class":61},[47,127964,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127966,83],{"class":82},[47,127968,87],{"class":86},[47,127970,668],{"class":90},[47,127972,94],{"class":86},[47,127974,126605],{"class":90},[47,127976,87],{"class":86},[47,127978,102],{"class":61},[47,127980,126612],{"class":65},[47,127982,102],{"class":61},[47,127984,1879],{"class":86},[20,127986,814],{},[38,127988,127989],{"className":40,"code":4221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127990,127991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127992,127993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127994,4221],{"class":4032},[20,127996,1482],{},[38,127998,127999],{"className":40,"code":127636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128000,128001,128013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128002,128003,128005,128007,128009,128011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128004,650],{"class":53},[47,128006,58],{"class":57},[47,128008,62],{"class":61},[47,128010,127561],{"class":65},[47,128012,69],{"class":61},[47,128014,128015,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128016,83],{"class":82},[47,128018,87],{"class":86},[47,128020,668],{"class":90},[47,128022,94],{"class":86},[47,128024,1300],{"class":90},[47,128026,1303],{"class":86},[47,128028,126605],{"class":90},[47,128030,87],{"class":86},[47,128032,102],{"class":61},[47,128034,126612],{"class":65},[47,128036,102],{"class":61},[47,128038,1879],{"class":86},[469,128040,1608,128042,834,128044],{"id":128041},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128043,1167],{},[15,128045,1613],{},[20,128047,128048,128050],{},[15,128049,1167],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,128052,128054],{"className":40,"code":128053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128055,128056,128069,128073,128095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128057,128058,128060,128062,128064,128067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128059,54],{"class":53},[47,128061,58],{"class":57},[47,128063,62],{"class":61},[47,128065,128066],{"class":65},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,128068,69],{"class":61},[47,128070,128071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128072,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,128074,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128076,83],{"class":82},[47,128078,87],{"class":86},[47,128080,91],{"class":90},[47,128082,94],{"class":86},[47,128084,126605],{"class":90},[47,128086,87],{"class":86},[47,128088,102],{"class":61},[47,128090,126612],{"class":65},[47,128092,102],{"class":61},[47,128094,1879],{"class":86},[47,128096,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128098,83],{"class":82},[47,128100,87],{"class":86},[47,128102,102],{"class":61},[47,128104,126612],{"class":65},[47,128106,102],{"class":61},[47,128108,1690],{"class":752},[47,128110,1693],{"class":90},[47,128112,286],{"class":86},[20,128114,814],{},[38,128116,128117],{"className":40,"code":127617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128118,128119,128123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128120,128121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128122,4221],{"class":4032},[47,128124,128125],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128126,4160],{"class":4032},[469,128128,8628,128130,128132],{"id":128129},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128131,1167],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128134,128135,128137],{},[15,128136,1167],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,128139,128141],{"className":40,"code":128140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128142,128143,128155,128177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128144,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128146,650],{"class":53},[47,128148,58],{"class":57},[47,128150,62],{"class":61},[47,128152,126590],{"class":65},[47,128154,69],{"class":61},[47,128156,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128158,83],{"class":82},[47,128160,87],{"class":86},[47,128162,668],{"class":90},[47,128164,94],{"class":86},[47,128166,126605],{"class":90},[47,128168,87],{"class":86},[47,128170,102],{"class":61},[47,128172,126612],{"class":65},[47,128174,102],{"class":61},[47,128176,1879],{"class":86},[47,128178,128179,128181,128183,128185],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128180,83],{"class":82},[47,128182,87],{"class":86},[47,128184,668],{"class":90},[47,128186,286],{"class":86},[20,128188,814],{},[38,128190,128192],{"className":40,"code":128191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128193,128194,128198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128195,128196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128197,4160],{"class":4032},[47,128199,128200,128203,128205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128201,128202],{"class":53},"report",[47,128204,94],{"class":86},[47,128206,128207],{"class":24927},"csv\n",[20,128209,128210,128211,94],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[455,128212,128213],{"href":124676},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128215,66231],{},[162,128217,128218,128221,128224,128227],{},[165,128219,128220],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[165,128222,128223],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[165,128225,128226],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[165,128228,831,128229,44802,128231,32,128233,111717],{},[15,128230,1167],{},[15,128232,124679],{},[15,128234,41828],{},[20,128236,30312],{},[38,128238,128240],{"className":40,"code":128239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128241,128242,128252,128266,128288,128314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128243,128244,128246,128248,128250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128245,83],{"class":82},[47,128247,87],{"class":86},[47,128249,91],{"class":90},[47,128251,286],{"class":86},[47,128253,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128255,83],{"class":82},[47,128257,87],{"class":86},[47,128259,41954],{"class":82},[47,128261,87],{"class":86},[47,128263,91],{"class":90},[47,128265,1879],{"class":86},[47,128267,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128269,83],{"class":82},[47,128271,87],{"class":86},[47,128273,91],{"class":90},[47,128275,94],{"class":86},[47,128277,126605],{"class":90},[47,128279,87],{"class":86},[47,128281,3479],{"class":61},[47,128283,126612],{"class":65},[47,128285,3479],{"class":61},[47,128287,1879],{"class":86},[47,128289,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128291,83],{"class":82},[47,128293,87],{"class":86},[47,128295,91],{"class":90},[47,128297,94],{"class":86},[47,128299,1300],{"class":90},[47,128301,1303],{"class":86},[47,128303,126605],{"class":90},[47,128305,87],{"class":86},[47,128307,3479],{"class":61},[47,128309,126612],{"class":65},[47,128311,3479],{"class":61},[47,128313,1879],{"class":86},[47,128315,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,128317,83],{"class":82},[47,128319,87],{"class":86},[47,128321,1872],{"class":1570},[47,128323,87],{"class":86},[47,128325,91],{"class":90},[47,128327,1879],{"class":86},[149,128329,1962],{"id":1961},[469,128331,1966,128333,1969],{"id":128332},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128334,1167],{},[20,128336,128337,128338,32,128340,94],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128339,31],{},[15,128341,35],{},[469,128343,1980,128345,128347],{"id":128344},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128346,1167],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128349,128350,128351,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128352,128353],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[469,128355,2022,128357,2025],{"id":128356},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128358,1167],{},[20,128360,128361,128362,32,128364,128367],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128363,1266],{},[15,128365,128366],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[469,128369,2032,128371,837,128373,2037],{"id":128370},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128372,1167],{},[15,128374,1630],{},[20,128376,128377,128379,128380,128382],{},[15,128378,1167],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128381,1630],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[149,128384,2062],{"id":2061},[162,128386,128387,128393,128399,128403,128407],{},[165,128388,128389],{},[455,128390,1164,128391,1168],{"href":127855},[15,128392,17],{},[165,128394,128395],{},[455,128396,1164,128397,1168],{"href":1263},[15,128398,1266],{},[165,128400,128401],{},[455,128402,2087],{"href":1705},[165,128404,128405],{},[455,128406,124912],{"href":124676},[165,128408,128409],{},[455,128410,458],{"href":457},[2093,128412,128413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":128415},[128416,128417,128419,128420,128425,128426,128432,128433,128434,128442,128452],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":126665,"depth":72,"text":128418},"What endswith() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":126880,"depth":72,"text":126881,"children":128421},[128422,128423,128424],{"id":126794,"depth":79,"text":126794},{"id":522,"depth":79,"text":522},{"id":575,"depth":79,"text":575},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":127292,"depth":72,"text":127293,"children":128427},[128428,128429,128430,128431],{"id":127296,"depth":79,"text":127297},{"id":127350,"depth":79,"text":127351},{"id":127405,"depth":79,"text":127406},{"id":127459,"depth":79,"text":127460},{"id":1172,"depth":72,"text":1173},{"id":127689,"depth":72,"text":127690},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":128435},[128436,128437,128438,128440],{"id":127866,"depth":79,"text":127867},{"id":127944,"depth":79,"text":127945},{"id":128041,"depth":79,"text":128439},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128129,"depth":79,"text":128441},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":128443},[128444,128446,128448,128450],{"id":128332,"depth":79,"text":128445},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128344,"depth":79,"text":128447},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128356,"depth":79,"text":128449},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128370,"depth":79,"text":128451},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126553,"description":128453},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128460,"title":128461,"body":128462,"description":130127,"extension":2138,"meta":130128,"navigation":75,"path":130129,"seo":130130,"stem":130131,"__hash__":130132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128463,"toc":130100},[128464,128469,128474,128479,128484,128577,128587,128592,128597,128612,128614,128696,128704,128706,128708,128735,128737,128753,128760,128762,128870,128872,128877,128893,128895,128989,128997,129000,129006,129011,129016,129023,129162,129165,129178,129180,129184,129191,129261,129264,129313,129320,129327,129341,129346,129351,129397,129443,129459,129461,129466,129480,129483,129605,129610,129612,129617,129650,129653,129729,129731,129740,129754,129757,129841,129844,129955,129958,129986,129988,129995,129999,130005,130008,130014,130016,130023,130034,130040,130047,130049,130097],[10,128465,13,128467,18],{"id":128466},"python-string-find-method",[15,128468,1630],{},[20,128470,22,128471,128473],{},[15,128472,1630],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128475,128476,128477,94],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128478,66022],{},[20,128480,144,128481,128483],{},[15,128482,1630],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,128485,128487],{"className":40,"code":128486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128488,128489,128501,128524,128537,128541,128564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128490,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128492,54],{"class":53},[47,128494,58],{"class":57},[47,128496,62],{"class":61},[47,128498,361],{"class":65},[47,128500,69],{"class":61},[47,128502,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128504,65088],{"class":53},[47,128506,58],{"class":57},[47,128508,1693],{"class":53},[47,128510,94],{"class":86},[47,128512,128513],{"class":90},"find",[47,128515,87],{"class":86},[47,128517,102],{"class":61},[47,128519,412],{"class":65},[47,128521,102],{"class":61},[47,128523,286],{"class":86},[47,128525,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128527,83],{"class":82},[47,128529,87],{"class":86},[47,128531,65115],{"class":90},[47,128533,1696],{"class":86},[47,128535,128536],{"class":113},"   # 6\n",[47,128538,128539],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128540,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,128542,128543,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,128544,128545],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128547,58],{"class":57},[47,128549,1693],{"class":53},[47,128551,94],{"class":86},[47,128553,128513],{"class":90},[47,128555,87],{"class":86},[47,128557,102],{"class":61},[47,128559,42],{"class":65},[47,128561,102],{"class":61},[47,128563,286],{"class":86},[47,128565,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,128567,83],{"class":82},[47,128569,87],{"class":86},[47,128571,26951],{"class":90},[47,128573,1696],{"class":86},[47,128575,128576],{"class":113},"    # -1\n",[43754,128578,128579],{},[20,128580,144,128581,128583,128584,128586],{},[15,128582,1630],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128585,66022],{}," if the substring is not found.",[149,128588,152,128590,155],{"id":128589},"what-find-does",[15,128591,1630],{},[20,128593,128594,128596],{},[15,128595,1630],{}," is a string method that:",[162,128598,128599,128602,128605,128610],{},[165,128600,128601],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[165,128603,128604],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[165,128606,11599,128607,128609],{},[15,128608,66022],{}," if no match is found",[165,128611,126685],{},[20,128613,183],{},[38,128615,128617],{"className":40,"code":128616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128618,128619,128631,128635,128659,128683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128620,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128622,54],{"class":53},[47,128624,58],{"class":57},[47,128626,62],{"class":61},[47,128628,491],{"class":65},[47,128630,69],{"class":61},[47,128632,128633],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128634,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,128636,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128638,83],{"class":82},[47,128640,87],{"class":86},[47,128642,91],{"class":90},[47,128644,94],{"class":86},[47,128646,128513],{"class":90},[47,128648,87],{"class":86},[47,128650,102],{"class":61},[47,128652,123610],{"class":65},[47,128654,102],{"class":61},[47,128656,110],{"class":86},[47,128658,57815],{"class":113},[47,128660,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128662,83],{"class":82},[47,128664,87],{"class":86},[47,128666,91],{"class":90},[47,128668,94],{"class":86},[47,128670,128513],{"class":90},[47,128672,87],{"class":86},[47,128674,102],{"class":61},[47,128676,2350],{"class":65},[47,128678,102],{"class":61},[47,128680,110],{"class":86},[47,128682,128576],{"class":113},[47,128684,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,128686,83],{"class":82},[47,128688,87],{"class":86},[47,128690,91],{"class":90},[47,128692,1696],{"class":86},[47,128694,128695],{"class":113},"              # banana\n",[20,128697,340,128698,128701,128702,94],{},[15,128699,128700],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128703,2233],{},[149,128705,261],{"id":260},[20,128707,2336],{},[38,128709,128711],{"className":40,"code":128710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128712,128713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128714,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128716,274],{"class":53},[47,128718,94],{"class":86},[47,128720,128513],{"class":90},[47,128722,87],{"class":86},[47,128724,1587],{"class":90},[47,128726,309],{"class":86},[47,128728,312],{"class":90},[47,128730,309],{"class":86},[47,128732,335],{"class":90},[47,128734,286],{"class":86},[469,128736,17574],{"id":17573},[162,128738,128739,128743,128748],{},[165,128740,128741,123708],{},[15,128742,1587],{},[165,128744,128745,128747],{},[15,128746,522],{},": optional starting position",[165,128749,128750,128752],{},[15,128751,575],{},": optional ending position",[20,128754,128755,837,128757,128759],{},[15,128756,522],{},[15,128758,575],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128761,126828],{},[38,128763,128765],{"className":40,"code":128764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128766,128767,128779,128783,128808,128837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128768,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128770,54],{"class":53},[47,128772,58],{"class":57},[47,128774,62],{"class":61},[47,128776,361],{"class":65},[47,128778,69],{"class":61},[47,128780,128781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128782,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,128784,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128786,83],{"class":82},[47,128788,87],{"class":86},[47,128790,91],{"class":90},[47,128792,94],{"class":86},[47,128794,128513],{"class":90},[47,128796,87],{"class":86},[47,128798,102],{"class":61},[47,128800,60643],{"class":65},[47,128802,102],{"class":61},[47,128804,110],{"class":86},[47,128806,128807],{"class":113},"        # 4\n",[47,128809,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128811,83],{"class":82},[47,128813,87],{"class":86},[47,128815,91],{"class":90},[47,128817,94],{"class":86},[47,128819,128513],{"class":90},[47,128821,87],{"class":86},[47,128823,102],{"class":61},[47,128825,60643],{"class":65},[47,128827,102],{"class":61},[47,128829,309],{"class":86},[47,128831,4787],{"class":445},[47,128833,110],{"class":86},[47,128835,128836],{"class":113},"     # 7\n",[47,128838,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,128840,83],{"class":82},[47,128842,87],{"class":86},[47,128844,91],{"class":90},[47,128846,94],{"class":86},[47,128848,128513],{"class":90},[47,128850,87],{"class":86},[47,128852,102],{"class":61},[47,128854,60643],{"class":65},[47,128856,102],{"class":61},[47,128858,309],{"class":86},[47,128860,4787],{"class":445},[47,128862,309],{"class":86},[47,128864,6173],{"class":445},[47,128866,110],{"class":86},[47,128868,128869],{"class":113},"  # -1\n",[149,128871,38195],{"id":38194},[20,128873,57714,128874,128876],{},[15,128875,1630],{}," is always an integer.",[162,128878,128879,128885,128888],{},[165,128880,128881,128882,128884],{},"A number ",[15,128883,1721],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[165,128886,128887],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[165,128889,128890,128892],{},[15,128891,66022],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128894,183],{},[38,128896,128898],{"className":40,"code":128897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128899,128900,128912,128916,128940,128965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128903,54],{"class":53},[47,128905,58],{"class":57},[47,128907,62],{"class":61},[47,128909,42],{"class":65},[47,128911,69],{"class":61},[47,128913,128914],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128915,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,128917,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,128919,83],{"class":82},[47,128921,87],{"class":86},[47,128923,91],{"class":90},[47,128925,94],{"class":86},[47,128927,128513],{"class":90},[47,128929,87],{"class":86},[47,128931,102],{"class":61},[47,128933,250],{"class":65},[47,128935,102],{"class":61},[47,128937,110],{"class":86},[47,128939,20947],{"class":113},[47,128941,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128959,128961,128963],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,128943,83],{"class":82},[47,128945,87],{"class":86},[47,128947,91],{"class":90},[47,128949,94],{"class":86},[47,128951,128513],{"class":90},[47,128953,87],{"class":86},[47,128955,102],{"class":61},[47,128957,128958],{"class":65},"th",[47,128960,102],{"class":61},[47,128962,110],{"class":86},[47,128964,57815],{"class":113},[47,128966,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,128968,83],{"class":82},[47,128970,87],{"class":86},[47,128972,91],{"class":90},[47,128974,94],{"class":86},[47,128976,128513],{"class":90},[47,128978,87],{"class":86},[47,128980,102],{"class":61},[47,128982,22254],{"class":65},[47,128984,102],{"class":61},[47,128986,110],{"class":86},[47,128988,128576],{"class":113},[20,128990,90075,128991,8631,128993,32,128995,94],{},[15,128992,1630],{},[15,128994,31],{},[15,128996,35],{},[20,128998,128999],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[149,129001,831,129002,837,129004],{"id":65574},[15,129003,522],{},[15,129005,575],{},[20,129007,144,129008,129010],{},[15,129009,522],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129012,144,129013,129015],{},[15,129014,575],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129017,842,129018,75628,129020,129022],{},[15,129019,575],{},[3922,129021,65237],{}," in the search.",[38,129024,129026],{"className":40,"code":129025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129027,129028,129041,129045,129069,129098,129130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129031,54],{"class":53},[47,129033,58],{"class":57},[47,129035,62],{"class":61},[47,129037,129038],{"class":65},"one two three two",[47,129040,69],{"class":61},[47,129042,129043],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129044,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129046,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129048,83],{"class":82},[47,129050,87],{"class":86},[47,129052,91],{"class":90},[47,129054,94],{"class":86},[47,129056,128513],{"class":90},[47,129058,87],{"class":86},[47,129060,102],{"class":61},[47,129062,905],{"class":65},[47,129064,102],{"class":61},[47,129066,110],{"class":86},[47,129068,128807],{"class":113},[47,129070,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129072,83],{"class":82},[47,129074,87],{"class":86},[47,129076,91],{"class":90},[47,129078,94],{"class":86},[47,129080,128513],{"class":90},[47,129082,87],{"class":86},[47,129084,102],{"class":61},[47,129086,905],{"class":65},[47,129088,102],{"class":61},[47,129090,309],{"class":86},[47,129092,4787],{"class":445},[47,129094,110],{"class":86},[47,129096,129097],{"class":113},"     # 14\n",[47,129099,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,129101,83],{"class":82},[47,129103,87],{"class":86},[47,129105,91],{"class":90},[47,129107,94],{"class":86},[47,129109,128513],{"class":90},[47,129111,87],{"class":86},[47,129113,102],{"class":61},[47,129115,905],{"class":65},[47,129117,102],{"class":61},[47,129119,309],{"class":86},[47,129121,4014],{"class":445},[47,129123,309],{"class":86},[47,129125,6173],{"class":445},[47,129127,110],{"class":86},[47,129129,51107],{"class":113},[47,129131,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,129133,83],{"class":82},[47,129135,87],{"class":86},[47,129137,91],{"class":90},[47,129139,94],{"class":86},[47,129141,128513],{"class":90},[47,129143,87],{"class":86},[47,129145,102],{"class":61},[47,129147,905],{"class":65},[47,129149,102],{"class":61},[47,129151,309],{"class":86},[47,129153,4014],{"class":445},[47,129155,309],{"class":86},[47,129157,912],{"class":445},[47,129159,110],{"class":86},[47,129161,128869],{"class":113},[20,129163,129164],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129166,129167,129168,55238,129172,94],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[455,129169,129171],{"href":129170},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[455,129173,129175,129177],{"href":129174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129176,60701],{}," string method",[149,129179,1173],{"id":1172},[20,129181,129182,1178],{},[15,129183,1630],{},[20,129185,1181,129186,837,129188,129190],{},[15,129187,90583],{},[15,129189,64703],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,129192,129194],{"className":40,"code":129193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129195,129196,129209,129213,129237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129197,129198,129200,129202,129204,129207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129199,54],{"class":53},[47,129201,58],{"class":57},[47,129203,62],{"class":61},[47,129205,129206],{"class":65},"Hello World",[47,129208,69],{"class":61},[47,129210,129211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129212,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129216,83],{"class":82},[47,129218,87],{"class":86},[47,129220,91],{"class":90},[47,129222,94],{"class":86},[47,129224,128513],{"class":90},[47,129226,87],{"class":86},[47,129228,102],{"class":61},[47,129230,35042],{"class":65},[47,129232,102],{"class":61},[47,129234,110],{"class":86},[47,129236,51417],{"class":113},[47,129238,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129240,83],{"class":82},[47,129242,87],{"class":86},[47,129244,91],{"class":90},[47,129246,94],{"class":86},[47,129248,128513],{"class":90},[47,129250,87],{"class":86},[47,129252,102],{"class":61},[47,129254,386],{"class":65},[47,129256,102],{"class":61},[47,129258,110],{"class":86},[47,129260,128869],{"class":113},[20,129262,129263],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,129265,129267],{"className":40,"code":129266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129268,129269,129281,129285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129270,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129272,54],{"class":53},[47,129274,58],{"class":57},[47,129276,62],{"class":61},[47,129278,129206],{"class":65},[47,129280,69],{"class":61},[47,129282,129283],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129284,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129286,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129288,83],{"class":82},[47,129290,87],{"class":86},[47,129292,91],{"class":90},[47,129294,94],{"class":86},[47,129296,1300],{"class":90},[47,129298,1303],{"class":86},[47,129300,128513],{"class":90},[47,129302,87],{"class":86},[47,129304,102],{"class":61},[47,129306,386],{"class":65},[47,129308,102],{"class":61},[47,129310,110],{"class":86},[47,129312,51417],{"class":113},[149,129314,129316,10760,129318],{"id":129315},"find-vs-index",[15,129317,1630],{},[15,129319,59138],{},[20,129321,129322,837,129324,129326],{},[15,129323,1630],{},[15,129325,59138],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[162,129328,129329,129335],{},[165,129330,129331,2576,129333],{},[15,129332,1630],{},[15,129334,66022],{},[165,129336,129337,52665,129339],{},[15,129338,59138],{},[15,129340,40879],{},[20,129342,144,129343,129345],{},[15,129344,1630],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129347,144,129348,129350],{},[15,129349,59138],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,129352,129354],{"className":40,"code":129353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129355,129356,129368,129372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129357,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129359,54],{"class":53},[47,129361,58],{"class":57},[47,129363,62],{"class":61},[47,129365,386],{"class":65},[47,129367,69],{"class":61},[47,129369,129370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129371,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129373,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129375,83],{"class":82},[47,129377,87],{"class":86},[47,129379,91],{"class":90},[47,129381,94],{"class":86},[47,129383,128513],{"class":90},[47,129385,87],{"class":86},[47,129387,102],{"class":61},[47,129389,2350],{"class":65},[47,129391,102],{"class":61},[47,129393,110],{"class":86},[47,129395,129396],{"class":113},"   # -1\n",[38,129398,129400],{"className":40,"code":129399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129401,129402,129414,129418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129403,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129405,54],{"class":53},[47,129407,58],{"class":57},[47,129409,62],{"class":61},[47,129411,386],{"class":65},[47,129413,69],{"class":61},[47,129415,129416],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129417,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129419,129420,129422,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129421,83],{"class":82},[47,129423,87],{"class":86},[47,129425,91],{"class":90},[47,129427,94],{"class":86},[47,129429,36022],{"class":90},[47,129431,87],{"class":86},[47,129433,102],{"class":61},[47,129435,2350],{"class":65},[47,129437,102],{"class":61},[47,129439,110],{"class":86},[47,129441,129442],{"class":113},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129444,129445,129446,129450,129451,129453,129454,94],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[455,129447,129448,129177],{"href":124528},[15,129449,59138],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129452,59138],{},", read ",[455,129455,25857,129456],{"href":73649},[15,129457,129458],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[149,129460,41220],{"id":41219},[20,129462,35581,129463,129465],{},[15,129464,1630],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[162,129467,129468,129471,129474,129477],{},[165,129469,129470],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[165,129472,129473],{},"Get the position of a word",[165,129475,129476],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[165,129478,129479],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129481,129482],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,129484,129486],{"className":40,"code":129485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129487,129488,129501,129524,129528,129543,129559,129578,129592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129489,129490,129492,129494,129496,129499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129491,54],{"class":53},[47,129493,58],{"class":57},[47,129495,62],{"class":61},[47,129497,129498],{"class":65},"name:Alice",[47,129500,69],{"class":61},[47,129502,129503,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129504,129505],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129507,58],{"class":57},[47,129509,1693],{"class":53},[47,129511,94],{"class":86},[47,129513,128513],{"class":90},[47,129515,87],{"class":86},[47,129517,102],{"class":61},[47,129519,3062],{"class":65},[47,129521,102],{"class":61},[47,129523,286],{"class":86},[47,129525,129526],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129527,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129529,129530,129532,129535,129537,129539,129541],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129531,723],{"class":752},[47,129533,129534],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129536,72759],{"class":57},[47,129538,2399],{"class":57},[47,129540,1598],{"class":445},[47,129542,795],{"class":86},[47,129544,129545,129548,129550,129552,129554,129557],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,129546,129547],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129549,58],{"class":57},[47,129551,1693],{"class":53},[47,129553,75701],{"class":86},[47,129555,129556],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129558,3816],{"class":86},[47,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,129562,27579],{"class":53},[47,129564,58],{"class":57},[47,129566,1693],{"class":53},[47,129568,4080],{"class":86},[47,129570,129505],{"class":53},[47,129572,2236],{"class":57},[47,129574,5677],{"class":445},[47,129576,129577],{"class":86},":]\n",[47,129579,129580,129582,129584,129587,129589],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,129581,776],{"class":82},[47,129583,87],{"class":86},[47,129585,129586],{"class":90},"label",[47,129588,1696],{"class":86},[47,129590,129591],{"class":113},"  # name\n",[47,129593,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,129595,776],{"class":82},[47,129597,87],{"class":86},[47,129599,1587],{"class":90},[47,129601,1696],{"class":86},[47,129603,129604],{"class":113},"  # Alice\n",[20,129606,129607,129608,94],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[455,129609,1706],{"href":1705},[149,129611,1425],{"id":1424},[20,129613,129614,129615,3062],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129616,1630],{},[162,129618,129619,129628,129634,129639,129645],{},[165,129620,8628,129621,8631,129623,32,129625,129627],{},[15,129622,1630],{},[15,129624,31],{},[15,129626,35],{}," instead of an index",[165,129629,129630,129631,129633],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129632,66022],{}," when the substring is missing",[165,129635,831,129636,129638],{},[15,129637,1630],{}," without handling case differences",[165,129640,1608,129641,834,129643],{},[15,129642,1630],{},[15,129644,59138],{},[165,129646,4761,129647,129649],{},[15,129648,1630],{}," changes the string",[20,129651,129652],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,129654,129656],{"className":40,"code":129655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129657,129658,129670,129674,129694,129709,129715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129659,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129661,54],{"class":53},[47,129663,58],{"class":57},[47,129665,62],{"class":61},[47,129667,386],{"class":65},[47,129669,69],{"class":61},[47,129671,129672],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129673,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129675,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129677,723],{"class":752},[47,129679,1693],{"class":53},[47,129681,94],{"class":86},[47,129683,128513],{"class":90},[47,129685,87],{"class":86},[47,129687,102],{"class":61},[47,129689,60608],{"class":65},[47,129691,102],{"class":61},[47,129693,771],{"class":86},[47,129695,129696,129698,129700,129702,129705,129707],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129697,776],{"class":82},[47,129699,87],{"class":86},[47,129701,102],{"class":61},[47,129703,129704],{"class":65},"Found",[47,129706,102],{"class":61},[47,129708,286],{"class":86},[47,129710,129711,129713],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,129712,792],{"class":752},[47,129714,795],{"class":86},[47,129716,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,129718,776],{"class":82},[47,129720,87],{"class":86},[47,129722,102],{"class":61},[47,129724,26493],{"class":65},[47,129726,102],{"class":61},[47,129728,286],{"class":86},[20,129730,100081],{},[38,129732,129734],{"className":40,"code":129733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,129735,129736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129737,129738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129739,129733],{"class":53},[20,129741,45876,129742,129745,129746,17251,129748,129750,129751,129753],{},[15,129743,129744],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129747,1721],{},[15,129749,1721],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129752,723],{}," statement.",[20,129755,129756],{},"A safer version is:",[38,129758,129760],{"className":40,"code":129759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129761,129762,129774,129778,129807,129821,129827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129763,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129765,54],{"class":53},[47,129767,58],{"class":57},[47,129769,62],{"class":61},[47,129771,386],{"class":65},[47,129773,69],{"class":61},[47,129775,129776],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129777,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,129779,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129801,129803,129805],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129781,723],{"class":752},[47,129783,1693],{"class":53},[47,129785,94],{"class":86},[47,129787,128513],{"class":90},[47,129789,87],{"class":86},[47,129791,102],{"class":61},[47,129793,60608],{"class":65},[47,129795,102],{"class":61},[47,129797,1696],{"class":86},[47,129799,129800],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129802,2399],{"class":57},[47,129804,1598],{"class":445},[47,129806,795],{"class":86},[47,129808,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817,129819],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129810,776],{"class":82},[47,129812,87],{"class":86},[47,129814,102],{"class":61},[47,129816,129704],{"class":65},[47,129818,102],{"class":61},[47,129820,286],{"class":86},[47,129822,129823,129825],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,129824,792],{"class":752},[47,129826,795],{"class":86},[47,129828,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,129830,776],{"class":82},[47,129832,87],{"class":86},[47,129834,102],{"class":61},[47,129836,26493],{"class":65},[47,129838,102],{"class":61},[47,129840,286],{"class":86},[20,129842,129843],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,129845,129847],{"className":40,"code":129846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129848,129849,129871,129885,129911,129925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129850,129851,129853,129855,129857,129859,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129852,83],{"class":82},[47,129854,87],{"class":86},[47,129856,91],{"class":90},[47,129858,94],{"class":86},[47,129860,128513],{"class":90},[47,129862,87],{"class":86},[47,129864,3479],{"class":61},[47,129866,38566],{"class":65},[47,129868,3479],{"class":61},[47,129870,1879],{"class":86},[47,129872,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129874,83],{"class":82},[47,129876,87],{"class":86},[47,129878,41954],{"class":82},[47,129880,87],{"class":86},[47,129882,91],{"class":90},[47,129884,1879],{"class":86},[47,129886,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903,129905,129907,129909],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,129888,83],{"class":82},[47,129890,87],{"class":86},[47,129892,91],{"class":90},[47,129894,94],{"class":86},[47,129896,1300],{"class":90},[47,129898,1303],{"class":86},[47,129900,128513],{"class":90},[47,129902,87],{"class":86},[47,129904,3479],{"class":61},[47,129906,38566],{"class":65},[47,129908,3479],{"class":61},[47,129910,1879],{"class":86},[47,129912,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921,129923],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,129914,83],{"class":82},[47,129916,87],{"class":86},[47,129918,11337],{"class":82},[47,129920,87],{"class":86},[47,129922,91],{"class":90},[47,129924,1879],{"class":86},[47,129926,129927,129929,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949,129951,129953],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,129928,83],{"class":82},[47,129930,87],{"class":86},[47,129932,91],{"class":90},[47,129934,94],{"class":86},[47,129936,128513],{"class":90},[47,129938,87],{"class":86},[47,129940,3479],{"class":61},[47,129942,38566],{"class":65},[47,129944,3479],{"class":61},[47,129946,309],{"class":86},[47,129948,312],{"class":90},[47,129950,309],{"class":86},[47,129952,335],{"class":90},[47,129954,1879],{"class":86},[20,129956,129957],{},"These help you check:",[162,129959,129960,129965,129970,129975,129978],{},[165,129961,129962,129963],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129964,1630],{},[165,129966,129967,129968],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129969,122733],{},[165,129971,129972,129973],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129974,1266],{},[165,129976,129977],{},"The string length",[165,129979,129980,129981,837,129983,129985],{},"Whether your ",[15,129982,522],{},[15,129984,575],{}," values are correct",[149,129987,1962],{"id":1961},[469,129989,129991,129992,129994],{"id":129990},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129993,1630],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129996,170,129997,94],{},[15,129998,66022],{},[469,130000,1966,130002,130004],{"id":130001},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130003,1630],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130006,130007],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[469,130009,130011,130012,2025],{"id":130010},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130013,1630],{},[20,130015,2028],{},[469,130017,2032,130019,837,130021,69822],{"id":130018},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130020,1630],{},[15,130022,59138],{},[20,130024,130025,2576,130027,130029,130030,52665,130032,94],{},[15,130026,1630],{},[15,130028,66022],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130031,59138],{},[15,130033,40879],{},[469,130035,2049,130037,130039],{"id":130036},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130038,1630],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130041,130042,130043,837,130045,66321],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130044,522],{},[15,130046,575],{},[149,130048,2062],{"id":2061},[162,130050,130051,130057,130063,130070,130076,130082,130086,130091],{},[165,130052,130053],{},[455,130054,1164,130055,1168],{"href":124528},[15,130056,59138],{},[165,130058,130059],{},[455,130060,1164,130061,1168],{"href":129174},[15,130062,60701],{},[165,130064,130065],{},[455,130066,1164,130068,1168],{"href":130067},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130069,124679],{},[165,130071,130072],{},[455,130073,1164,130074,1168],{"href":127855},[15,130075,17],{},[165,130077,130078],{},[455,130079,1164,130080,1168],{"href":1163},[15,130081,1167],{},[165,130083,130084],{},[455,130085,2087],{"href":1705},[165,130087,130088],{},[455,130089,130090],{"href":129170},"How to split a string in Python",[165,130092,130093],{},[455,130094,26300,130095],{"href":73649},[15,130096,129458],{},[2093,130098,130099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":130101},[130102,130104,130107,130108,130109,130110,130112,130113,130114,130126],{"id":128589,"depth":72,"text":130103},"What find() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":130105},[130106],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195},{"id":65574,"depth":72,"text":66357},{"id":1172,"depth":72,"text":1173},{"id":129315,"depth":72,"text":130111},"find() vs index()",{"id":41219,"depth":72,"text":41220},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":130115},[130116,130118,130120,130122,130124],{"id":129990,"depth":79,"text":130117},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130001,"depth":79,"text":130119},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130010,"depth":79,"text":130121},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130018,"depth":79,"text":130123},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130036,"depth":79,"text":130125},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128461,"description":130127},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130134,"title":130135,"body":130136,"description":132062,"extension":2138,"meta":132063,"navigation":75,"path":132064,"seo":132065,"stem":132066,"__hash__":132067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130137,"toc":132030},[130138,130143,130148,130151,130153,130229,130233,130261,130269,130273,130278,130282,130299,130301,130368,130372,130394,130402,130404,130407,130431,130434,130448,130450,130535,130539,130551,130554,130558,130564,130614,130618,130635,130644,130647,130655,130658,130707,130711,130736,130739,130794,130798,130810,130816,130820,130826,130831,130898,130902,130928,130931,130942,130944,131011,131015,131040,131047,131051,131056,131063,131071,131073,131125,131129,131147,131149,131194,131198,131213,131216,131226,131233,131235,131239,131242,131253,131255,131315,131319,131347,131350,131356,131361,131364,131368,131412,131415,131453,131456,131464,131466,131471,131475,131478,131526,131529,131532,131588,131592,131597,131600,131649,131651,131700,131706,131711,131713,131760,131764,131777,131779,131830,131836,131839,131843,131846,131852,131857,131859,131862,131934,131937,131954,131956,131961,131964,131968,131974,131980,131987,131993,131999,132001,132027],[10,130139,13,130141,18],{"id":130140},"python-string-format-method",[15,130142,126506],{},[20,130144,22,130145,130147],{},[15,130146,126506],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130149,130150],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[149,130152,2179],{"id":2178},[38,130154,130156],{"className":40,"code":130155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130157,130158,130170,130178,130182,130219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130159,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130161,193],{"class":53},[47,130163,58],{"class":57},[47,130165,62],{"class":61},[47,130167,11685],{"class":65},[47,130169,69],{"class":61},[47,130171,130172,130174,130176],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130173,21805],{"class":53},[47,130175,58],{"class":57},[47,130177,88964],{"class":445},[47,130179,130180],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,130181,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,130183,130184,130186,130188,130190,130193,130195,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,130185,90172],{"class":53},[47,130187,58],{"class":57},[47,130189,62],{"class":61},[47,130191,130192],{"class":65},"My name is ",[47,130194,3972],{"class":445},[47,130196,130197],{"class":65}," and I am ",[47,130199,3972],{"class":445},[47,130201,122516],{"class":65},[47,130203,102],{"class":61},[47,130205,94],{"class":86},[47,130207,130208],{"class":90},"format",[47,130210,87],{"class":86},[47,130212,214],{"class":90},[47,130214,309],{"class":86},[47,130216,9363],{"class":90},[47,130218,286],{"class":86},[47,130220,130221,130223,130225,130227],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,130222,83],{"class":82},[47,130224,87],{"class":86},[47,130226,90189],{"class":90},[47,130228,286],{"class":86},[20,130230,130231],{},[3922,130232,814],{},[38,130234,130236],{"className":40,"code":130235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130237,130238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130239,130240,130243,130245,130248,130251,130254,130257,130259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130241,130242],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,130244,12371],{"class":57},[47,130246,130247],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,130249,130250],{"class":57},"and",[47,130252,130253],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,130255,130256],{"class":445},"12",[47,130258,122549],{"class":53},[47,130260,827],{"class":86},[20,130262,144,130263,130265,130266,130268],{},[15,130264,3972],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130267,126506],{}," in the same order.",[20,130270,125257,130271,94],{},[455,130272,458],{"href":457},[149,130274,13174,130276,13177],{"id":130275},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130277,126506],{},[20,130279,842,130280,11588],{},[15,130281,126506],{},[162,130283,130284,130287,130293,130296],{},[165,130285,130286],{},"inserts values into a string",[165,130288,130289,130290,130292],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130291,3972],{}," with given values",[165,130294,130295],{},"returns a new string",[165,130297,130298],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130300,183],{},[38,130302,130304],{"className":40,"code":130303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130305,130306,130320,130343,130347,130358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130307,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130309,54],{"class":53},[47,130311,58],{"class":57},[47,130313,62],{"class":61},[47,130315,45074],{"class":65},[47,130317,3972],{"class":445},[47,130319,69],{"class":61},[47,130321,130322,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130323,130324],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,130326,58],{"class":57},[47,130328,1693],{"class":53},[47,130330,94],{"class":86},[47,130332,130208],{"class":90},[47,130334,87],{"class":86},[47,130336,102],{"class":61},[47,130338,7852],{"class":65},[47,130340,102],{"class":61},[47,130342,286],{"class":86},[47,130344,130345],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,130346,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,130348,130349,130351,130353,130356],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,130350,83],{"class":82},[47,130352,87],{"class":86},[47,130354,130355],{"class":90},"new_text",[47,130357,286],{"class":86},[47,130359,130360,130362,130364,130366],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,130361,83],{"class":82},[47,130363,87],{"class":86},[47,130365,91],{"class":90},[47,130367,286],{"class":86},[20,130369,130370],{},[3922,130371,814],{},[38,130373,130375],{"className":40,"code":130374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130376,130377,130386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130378,130379,130381,130383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130380,35042],{"class":53},[47,130382,309],{"class":86},[47,130384,130385],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130387,130388,130390,130392],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130389,35042],{"class":53},[47,130391,309],{"class":86},[47,130393,10012],{"class":86},[20,130395,2464,130396,130398,130399,130401],{},[15,130397,91],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130400,126506],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[149,130403,261],{"id":260},[20,130405,130406],{},"The general form is:",[38,130408,130410],{"className":40,"code":130409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130411,130412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130413,130414,130416,130419,130421,130423,130425,130427,130429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130415,102],{"class":43502},[47,130417,130418],{"class":43506},"text {}",[47,130420,102],{"class":43502},[47,130422,94],{"class":86},[47,130424,130208],{"class":90},[47,130426,87],{"class":86},[47,130428,1587],{"class":90},[47,130430,286],{"class":86},[20,130432,130433],{},"Key idea:",[162,130435,130436,130442,130445],{},[165,130437,130438,130439,130441],{},"each ",[15,130440,3972],{}," is a placeholder",[165,130443,130444],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[165,130446,130447],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130449,183],{},[38,130451,130453],{"className":40,"code":130452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130454,130455,130468,130482,130486,130524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130456,130457,130460,130462,130464,130466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130458,130459],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130461,58],{"class":57},[47,130463,62],{"class":61},[47,130465,37223],{"class":65},[47,130467,69],{"class":61},[47,130469,130470,130473,130475,130477,130480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130471,130472],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130474,58],{"class":57},[47,130476,62],{"class":61},[47,130478,130479],{"class":65},"meow",[47,130481,69],{"class":61},[47,130483,130484],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,130485,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,130487,130488,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512,130514,130517,130519,130522],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,130489,130490],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130492,58],{"class":57},[47,130494,62],{"class":61},[47,130496,842],{"class":65},[47,130498,3972],{"class":445},[47,130500,130501],{"class":65}," says ",[47,130503,3972],{"class":445},[47,130505,94],{"class":65},[47,130507,102],{"class":61},[47,130509,94],{"class":86},[47,130511,130208],{"class":90},[47,130513,87],{"class":86},[47,130515,130516],{"class":90},"animal",[47,130518,309],{"class":86},[47,130520,130521],{"class":90}," sound",[47,130523,286],{"class":86},[47,130525,130526,130528,130530,130533],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,130527,83],{"class":82},[47,130529,87],{"class":86},[47,130531,130532],{"class":90},"sentence",[47,130534,286],{"class":86},[20,130536,130537],{},[3922,130538,814],{},[38,130540,130542],{"className":40,"code":130541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130543,130544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130545,130546,130549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130547,130548],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130550,827],{"class":86},[20,130552,130553],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[149,130555,130557],{"id":130556},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130559,130560,130561,130563],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130562,3972],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,130565,130567],{"className":40,"code":130566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130568,130569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130570,130571,130573,130575,130577,130580,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130601,130603,130605,130607,130610,130612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130572,83],{"class":82},[47,130574,87],{"class":86},[47,130576,102],{"class":61},[47,130578,130579],{"class":65},"I like ",[47,130581,3972],{"class":445},[47,130583,837],{"class":65},[47,130585,3972],{"class":445},[47,130587,94],{"class":65},[47,130589,102],{"class":61},[47,130591,94],{"class":86},[47,130593,130208],{"class":90},[47,130595,87],{"class":86},[47,130597,102],{"class":61},[47,130599,130600],{"class":65},"pizza",[47,130602,102],{"class":61},[47,130604,309],{"class":86},[47,130606,62],{"class":61},[47,130608,130609],{"class":65},"pasta",[47,130611,102],{"class":61},[47,130613,1879],{"class":86},[20,130615,130616],{},[3922,130617,814],{},[38,130619,130621],{"className":40,"code":130620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130622,130623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130624,130625,130628,130630,130633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130626,130627],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130629,130250],{"class":57},[47,130631,130632],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130634,827],{"class":86},[20,130636,130637,130638,837,130641,94],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130639,130640],{},"{0}",[15,130642,130643],{},"{1}",[20,130645,130646],{},"This is helpful when:",[162,130648,130649,130652],{},[165,130650,130651],{},"you want to reuse a value",[165,130653,130654],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130656,130657],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,130659,130661],{"className":40,"code":130660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130662,130663,130697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130664,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130676,130678,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130666,54],{"class":53},[47,130668,58],{"class":57},[47,130670,62],{"class":61},[47,130672,130640],{"class":445},[47,130674,130675],{"class":65}," is learning Python. ",[47,130677,130640],{"class":445},[47,130679,130680],{"class":65}," likes coding.",[47,130682,102],{"class":61},[47,130684,94],{"class":86},[47,130686,130208],{"class":90},[47,130688,87],{"class":86},[47,130690,102],{"class":61},[47,130692,20061],{"class":65},[47,130694,102],{"class":61},[47,130696,286],{"class":86},[47,130698,130699,130701,130703,130705],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130700,83],{"class":82},[47,130702,87],{"class":86},[47,130704,91],{"class":90},[47,130706,286],{"class":86},[20,130708,130709],{},[3922,130710,814],{},[38,130712,130714],{"className":40,"code":130713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130715,130716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130717,130718,130721,130723,130726,130728,130731,130734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130719,130720],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,130722,12371],{"class":57},[47,130724,130725],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,130727,94],{"class":86},[47,130729,130730],{"class":24927}," Lina",[47,130732,130733],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,130735,827],{"class":86},[20,130737,130738],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,130740,130742],{"className":40,"code":130741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130743,130744,130784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130745,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130747,54],{"class":53},[47,130749,58],{"class":57},[47,130751,62],{"class":61},[47,130753,130643],{"class":445},[47,130755,83491],{"class":65},[47,130757,130640],{"class":445},[47,130759,94],{"class":65},[47,130761,102],{"class":61},[47,130763,94],{"class":86},[47,130765,130208],{"class":90},[47,130767,87],{"class":86},[47,130769,102],{"class":61},[47,130771,6762],{"class":65},[47,130773,102],{"class":61},[47,130775,309],{"class":86},[47,130777,62],{"class":61},[47,130779,905],{"class":65},[47,130781,102],{"class":61},[47,130783,286],{"class":86},[47,130785,130786,130788,130790,130792],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130787,83],{"class":82},[47,130789,87],{"class":86},[47,130791,91],{"class":90},[47,130793,286],{"class":86},[20,130795,130796],{},[3922,130797,814],{},[38,130799,130801],{"className":40,"code":130800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130802,130803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130804,130805,130808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130806,130807],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130809,827],{"class":86},[20,130811,130812,130813,130815],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130814,3972],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[149,130817,130819],{"id":130818},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130821,130822,130823,94],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130824,130825],{},"{name}",[20,130827,130828,130829,3062],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130830,126506],{},[38,130832,130834],{"className":40,"code":130833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130835,130836,130888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130837,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130851,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130839,54],{"class":53},[47,130841,58],{"class":57},[47,130843,62],{"class":61},[47,130845,130192],{"class":65},[47,130847,130825],{"class":445},[47,130849,130850],{"class":65}," and I live in ",[47,130852,130853],{"class":445},"{city}",[47,130855,94],{"class":65},[47,130857,102],{"class":61},[47,130859,94],{"class":86},[47,130861,130208],{"class":90},[47,130863,87],{"class":86},[47,130865,214],{"class":9350},[47,130867,58],{"class":57},[47,130869,102],{"class":61},[47,130871,13058],{"class":65},[47,130873,102],{"class":61},[47,130875,309],{"class":86},[47,130877,31560],{"class":9350},[47,130879,58],{"class":57},[47,130881,102],{"class":61},[47,130883,16211],{"class":65},[47,130885,102],{"class":61},[47,130887,286],{"class":86},[47,130889,130890,130892,130894,130896],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130891,83],{"class":82},[47,130893,87],{"class":86},[47,130895,91],{"class":90},[47,130897,286],{"class":86},[20,130899,130900],{},[3922,130901,814],{},[38,130903,130905],{"className":40,"code":130904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130906,130907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130908,130909,130911,130913,130916,130918,130921,130923,130926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130910,130242],{"class":53},[47,130912,12371],{"class":57},[47,130914,130915],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130917,130250],{"class":57},[47,130919,130920],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130922,1613],{"class":57},[47,130924,130925],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130927,827],{"class":86},[20,130929,130930],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[162,130932,130933,130936,130939],{},[165,130934,130935],{},"they make code easier to read",[165,130937,130938],{},"they help when a string has many values",[165,130940,130941],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130943,183],{},[38,130945,130947],{"className":40,"code":130946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130948,130949,131001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130950,130951,130954,130956,130958,130961,130964,130967,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130987,130989,130991,130994,130996,130999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130952,130953],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130955,58],{"class":57},[47,130957,62],{"class":61},[47,130959,130960],{"class":65},"Student: ",[47,130962,130963],{"class":445},"{student}",[47,130965,130966],{"class":65},", Score: ",[47,130968,130969],{"class":445},"{score}",[47,130971,102],{"class":61},[47,130973,94],{"class":86},[47,130975,130208],{"class":90},[47,130977,87],{"class":86},[47,130979,13805],{"class":9350},[47,130981,58],{"class":57},[47,130983,102],{"class":61},[47,130985,130986],{"class":65},"Noah",[47,130988,102],{"class":61},[47,130990,309],{"class":86},[47,130992,130993],{"class":9350}," score",[47,130995,58],{"class":57},[47,130997,130998],{"class":445},"95",[47,131000,286],{"class":86},[47,131002,131003,131005,131007,131009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131004,83],{"class":82},[47,131006,87],{"class":86},[47,131008,128202],{"class":90},[47,131010,286],{"class":86},[20,131012,131013],{},[3922,131014,814],{},[38,131016,131018],{"className":40,"code":131017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131019,131020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131021,131022,131025,131027,131030,131032,131035,131037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131023,131024],{"class":53},"Student",[47,131026,3062],{"class":86},[47,131028,131029],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,131031,309],{"class":86},[47,131033,131034],{"class":53}," Score",[47,131036,3062],{"class":86},[47,131038,131039],{"class":445}," 95\n",[20,131041,131042,131043,94],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[455,131044,3755,131045,3688],{"href":42350},[15,131046,47857],{},[149,131048,131050],{"id":131049},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131052,131053,131055],{},[15,131054,126506],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131057,131058,131059,131062],{},"A common example is ",[15,131060,131061],{},":.2f",", which means:",[162,131064,131065,131068],{},[165,131066,131067],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[165,131069,131070],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131072,183],{},[38,131074,131076],{"className":40,"code":131075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131077,131078,131086,131115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131079,131080,131082,131084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131081,40562],{"class":53},[47,131083,58],{"class":57},[47,131085,49449],{"class":445},[47,131087,131088,131090,131092,131094,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131089,54],{"class":53},[47,131091,58],{"class":57},[47,131093,62],{"class":61},[47,131095,131096],{"class":65},"Price: $",[47,131098,9452],{"class":445},[47,131100,131061],{"class":2242},[47,131102,22480],{"class":445},[47,131104,102],{"class":61},[47,131106,94],{"class":86},[47,131108,130208],{"class":90},[47,131110,87],{"class":86},[47,131112,25327],{"class":90},[47,131114,286],{"class":86},[47,131116,131117,131119,131121,131123],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,131118,83],{"class":82},[47,131120,87],{"class":86},[47,131122,91],{"class":90},[47,131124,286],{"class":86},[20,131126,131127],{},[3922,131128,814],{},[38,131130,131132],{"className":40,"code":131131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131133,131134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131135,131136,131139,131141,131144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131137,131138],{"class":53},"Price",[47,131140,3062],{"class":86},[47,131142,131143],{"class":37542}," $",[47,131145,131146],{"class":445},"3.50\n",[20,131148,52250],{},[38,131150,131152],{"className":40,"code":131151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131153,131154,131164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131155,131156,131159,131161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131157,131158],{"class":53},"average ",[47,131160,58],{"class":57},[47,131162,131163],{"class":445}," 91.236\n",[47,131165,131166,131168,131170,131172,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131167,83],{"class":82},[47,131169,87],{"class":86},[47,131171,102],{"class":61},[47,131173,131174],{"class":65},"Average: ",[47,131176,9452],{"class":445},[47,131178,131061],{"class":2242},[47,131180,22480],{"class":445},[47,131182,102],{"class":61},[47,131184,94],{"class":86},[47,131186,130208],{"class":90},[47,131188,87],{"class":86},[47,131190,131191],{"class":90},"average",[47,131193,1879],{"class":86},[20,131195,131196],{},[3922,131197,814],{},[38,131199,131201],{"className":40,"code":131200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131202,131203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131204,131205,131208,131210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131206,131207],{"class":53},"Average",[47,131209,3062],{"class":86},[47,131211,131212],{"class":445}," 91.24\n",[20,131214,131215],{},"This is useful for:",[162,131217,131218,131220,131223],{},[165,131219,83249],{},[165,131221,131222],{},"averages",[165,131224,131225],{},"percentages",[20,131227,131228,131229,94],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[455,131230,3755,131231,2481],{"href":46622},[15,131232,46625],{},[149,131234,700],{"id":699},[20,131236,131237,92686],{},[15,131238,126506],{},[20,131240,131241],{},"That means you can:",[162,131243,131244,131247,131250],{},[165,131245,131246],{},"save it in a variable",[165,131248,131249],{},"print it directly",[165,131251,131252],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131254,183],{},[38,131256,131258],{"className":40,"code":131257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131259,131260,131291,131301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131261,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131287,131289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131263,90172],{"class":53},[47,131265,58],{"class":57},[47,131267,62],{"class":61},[47,131269,45074],{"class":65},[47,131271,3972],{"class":445},[47,131273,90013],{"class":65},[47,131275,102],{"class":61},[47,131277,94],{"class":86},[47,131279,130208],{"class":90},[47,131281,87],{"class":86},[47,131283,102],{"class":61},[47,131285,131286],{"class":65},"Chris",[47,131288,102],{"class":61},[47,131290,286],{"class":86},[47,131292,131293,131295,131297,131299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131294,83],{"class":82},[47,131296,87],{"class":86},[47,131298,90189],{"class":90},[47,131300,286],{"class":86},[47,131302,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,131304,83],{"class":82},[47,131306,87],{"class":86},[47,131308,1872],{"class":1570},[47,131310,87],{"class":86},[47,131312,90189],{"class":90},[47,131314,1879],{"class":86},[20,131316,131317],{},[3922,131318,814],{},[38,131320,131322],{"className":40,"code":131321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131323,131324,131333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131325,131326,131328,131330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131327,35042],{"class":53},[47,131329,309],{"class":86},[47,131331,131332],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,131334,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131336,3468],{"class":57},[47,131338,3471],{"class":2242},[47,131340,3474],{"class":61},[47,131342,3622],{"class":65},[47,131344,3479],{"class":61},[47,131346,3482],{"class":57},[20,131348,131349],{},"The original string is not changed.",[149,131351,131353,131355],{"id":131352},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131354,126506],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131357,131358,131360],{},[15,131359,126506],{}," is a string method.",[20,131362,131363],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131365,46213,131366,3062],{},[15,131367,126506],{},[38,131369,131371],{"className":40,"code":131370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131372,131373,131386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131374,131375,131377,131379,131381,131384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131376,193],{"class":53},[47,131378,58],{"class":57},[47,131380,62],{"class":61},[47,131382,131383],{"class":65},"Rita",[47,131385,69],{"class":61},[47,131387,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131389,83],{"class":82},[47,131391,87],{"class":86},[47,131393,102],{"class":61},[47,131395,45074],{"class":65},[47,131397,3972],{"class":445},[47,131399,90013],{"class":65},[47,131401,102],{"class":61},[47,131403,94],{"class":86},[47,131405,130208],{"class":90},[47,131407,87],{"class":86},[47,131409,214],{"class":90},[47,131411,1879],{"class":86},[20,131413,131414],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,131416,131418],{"className":40,"code":131417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131419,131420,131432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131421,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131423,193],{"class":53},[47,131425,58],{"class":57},[47,131427,62],{"class":61},[47,131429,131383],{"class":65},[47,131431,69],{"class":61},[47,131433,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131435,83],{"class":82},[47,131437,87],{"class":86},[47,131439,22471],{"class":2242},[47,131441,43520],{"class":65},[47,131443,9452],{"class":445},[47,131445,214],{"class":90},[47,131447,22480],{"class":445},[47,131449,131450],{"class":65},"!\"",[47,131452,286],{"class":86},[20,131454,131455],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131457,131458,131459,131461,131462,94],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131460,126506],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[455,131463,89858],{"href":89857},[149,131465,1425],{"id":1424},[20,131467,131468,131469,94],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131470,126506],{},[469,131472,131474],{"id":131473},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131476,131477],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,131479,131481],{"className":40,"code":131480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131482,131483,131516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131484,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131486,54],{"class":53},[47,131488,58],{"class":57},[47,131490,62],{"class":61},[47,131492,45074],{"class":65},[47,131494,3972],{"class":445},[47,131496,131497],{"class":445}," {}",[47,131499,90013],{"class":65},[47,131501,102],{"class":61},[47,131503,94],{"class":86},[47,131505,130208],{"class":90},[47,131507,87],{"class":86},[47,131509,102],{"class":61},[47,131511,7852],{"class":65},[47,131513,102],{"class":61},[47,131515,286],{"class":86},[47,131517,131518,131520,131522,131524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131519,83],{"class":82},[47,131521,87],{"class":86},[47,131523,91],{"class":90},[47,131525,286],{"class":86},[20,131527,131528],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131530,131531],{},"Fixed version:",[38,131533,131535],{"className":40,"code":131534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131536,131537,131578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131574,131576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131540,54],{"class":53},[47,131542,58],{"class":57},[47,131544,62],{"class":61},[47,131546,45074],{"class":65},[47,131548,3972],{"class":445},[47,131550,131497],{"class":445},[47,131552,90013],{"class":65},[47,131554,102],{"class":61},[47,131556,94],{"class":86},[47,131558,130208],{"class":90},[47,131560,87],{"class":86},[47,131562,102],{"class":61},[47,131564,7852],{"class":65},[47,131566,102],{"class":61},[47,131568,309],{"class":86},[47,131570,62],{"class":61},[47,131572,131573],{"class":65},"Lee",[47,131575,102],{"class":61},[47,131577,286],{"class":86},[47,131579,131580,131582,131584,131586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131581,83],{"class":82},[47,131583,87],{"class":86},[47,131585,91],{"class":90},[47,131587,286],{"class":86},[469,131589,131591],{"id":131590},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131593,131594,131595,94],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131596,126506],{},[20,131598,131599],{},"Problem:",[38,131601,131603],{"className":40,"code":131602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131604,131605,131639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131606,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131608,54],{"class":53},[47,131610,58],{"class":57},[47,131612,62],{"class":61},[47,131614,45074],{"class":65},[47,131616,130825],{"class":445},[47,131618,90013],{"class":65},[47,131620,102],{"class":61},[47,131622,94],{"class":86},[47,131624,130208],{"class":90},[47,131626,87],{"class":86},[47,131628,8161],{"class":9350},[47,131630,58],{"class":57},[47,131632,102],{"class":61},[47,131634,7852],{"class":65},[47,131636,102],{"class":61},[47,131638,286],{"class":86},[47,131640,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131642,83],{"class":82},[47,131644,87],{"class":86},[47,131646,91],{"class":90},[47,131648,286],{"class":86},[20,131650,131531],{},[38,131652,131654],{"className":40,"code":131653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131655,131656,131690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131657,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131659,54],{"class":53},[47,131661,58],{"class":57},[47,131663,62],{"class":61},[47,131665,45074],{"class":65},[47,131667,130825],{"class":445},[47,131669,90013],{"class":65},[47,131671,102],{"class":61},[47,131673,94],{"class":86},[47,131675,130208],{"class":90},[47,131677,87],{"class":86},[47,131679,214],{"class":9350},[47,131681,58],{"class":57},[47,131683,102],{"class":61},[47,131685,7852],{"class":65},[47,131687,102],{"class":61},[47,131689,286],{"class":86},[47,131691,131692,131694,131696,131698],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131693,83],{"class":82},[47,131695,87],{"class":86},[47,131697,91],{"class":90},[47,131699,286],{"class":86},[469,131701,8628,131703,131705],{"id":131702},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131704,126506],{}," to change the original string",[20,131707,131708,131710],{},[15,131709,126506],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131712,131599],{},[38,131714,131716],{"className":40,"code":131715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131717,131718,131732,131750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131721,54],{"class":53},[47,131723,58],{"class":57},[47,131725,62],{"class":61},[47,131727,45074],{"class":65},[47,131729,3972],{"class":445},[47,131731,69],{"class":61},[47,131733,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131735,91],{"class":53},[47,131737,94],{"class":86},[47,131739,130208],{"class":90},[47,131741,87],{"class":86},[47,131743,102],{"class":61},[47,131745,7852],{"class":65},[47,131747,102],{"class":61},[47,131749,286],{"class":86},[47,131751,131752,131754,131756,131758],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,131753,83],{"class":82},[47,131755,87],{"class":86},[47,131757,91],{"class":90},[47,131759,286],{"class":86},[20,131761,131762],{},[3922,131763,814],{},[38,131765,131767],{"className":40,"code":131766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131768,131769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131770,131771,131773,131775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131772,35042],{"class":53},[47,131774,309],{"class":86},[47,131776,10012],{"class":86},[20,131778,131531],{},[38,131780,131782],{"className":40,"code":131781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131783,131784,131798,131820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131785,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131787,54],{"class":53},[47,131789,58],{"class":57},[47,131791,62],{"class":61},[47,131793,45074],{"class":65},[47,131795,3972],{"class":445},[47,131797,69],{"class":61},[47,131799,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131801,54],{"class":53},[47,131803,58],{"class":57},[47,131805,1693],{"class":53},[47,131807,94],{"class":86},[47,131809,130208],{"class":90},[47,131811,87],{"class":86},[47,131813,102],{"class":61},[47,131815,7852],{"class":65},[47,131817,102],{"class":61},[47,131819,286],{"class":86},[47,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,131823,83],{"class":82},[47,131825,87],{"class":86},[47,131827,91],{"class":90},[47,131829,286],{"class":86},[469,131831,1710,131833,131835],{"id":131832},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131834,126506],{}," returns a new string",[20,131837,131838],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[469,131840,131842],{"id":131841},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131844,131845],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131847,131848,131849,131851],{},"Use simple ",[15,131850,3972],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131853,131854,131855,94],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[455,131856,90571],{"href":90570},[149,131858,68063],{"id":68062},[20,131860,131861],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,131863,131865],{"className":40,"code":131864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131866,131867,131877,131891,131920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131868,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131870,83],{"class":82},[47,131872,87],{"class":86},[47,131874,91],{"class":90},[47,131876,286],{"class":86},[47,131878,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131880,83],{"class":82},[47,131882,87],{"class":86},[47,131884,1872],{"class":1570},[47,131886,87],{"class":86},[47,131888,1587],{"class":90},[47,131890,1879],{"class":86},[47,131892,131893,131895,131897,131899,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,131894,83],{"class":82},[47,131896,87],{"class":86},[47,131898,102],{"class":61},[47,131900,131901],{"class":65},"Hello ",[47,131903,3972],{"class":445},[47,131905,102],{"class":61},[47,131907,94],{"class":86},[47,131909,130208],{"class":90},[47,131911,87],{"class":86},[47,131913,102],{"class":61},[47,131915,7852],{"class":65},[47,131917,102],{"class":61},[47,131919,1879],{"class":86},[47,131921,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,131923,32327],{"class":82},[47,131925,87],{"class":86},[47,131927,3622],{"class":1570},[47,131929,94],{"class":86},[47,131931,130208],{"class":24927},[47,131933,286],{"class":86},[20,131935,131936],{},"Use them to check:",[162,131938,131939,131942,131945,131948],{},[165,131940,131941],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[165,131943,131944],{},"what type your value has",[165,131946,131947],{},"whether a small test example works",[165,131949,131950,131951],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131952,131953],{},"str.format",[149,131955,1962],{"id":1961},[469,131957,129991,131959,12893],{"id":131958},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131960,126506],{},[20,131962,131963],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[469,131965,131967],{"id":131966},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131969,131970,131971,131973],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131972,3972],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[469,131975,131977,131978,2037],{"id":131976},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131979,126506],{},[20,131981,131982,131983,131986],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131984,131985],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[469,131988,2022,131990,131992],{"id":131989},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131991,126506],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131994,131995,131996,131998],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131997,126506],{}," is still useful and common.",[149,132000,2062],{"id":2061},[162,132002,132003,132007,132011,132017,132023],{},[165,132004,132005],{},[455,132006,458],{"href":457},[165,132008,132009],{},[455,132010,90848],{"href":89857},[165,132012,132013],{},[455,132014,3755,132015,3688],{"href":46622},[15,132016,46625],{},[165,132018,132019],{},[455,132020,3755,132021,3688],{"href":42350},[15,132022,47857],{},[165,132024,132025],{},[455,132026,90571],{"href":90570},[2093,132028,132029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":132031},[132032,132033,132035,132036,132037,132038,132039,132040,132042,132051,132052,132061],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":130275,"depth":72,"text":132034},"What the format() method does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":130556,"depth":72,"text":130557},{"id":130818,"depth":72,"text":130819},{"id":131049,"depth":72,"text":131050},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":131352,"depth":72,"text":132041},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":132043},[132044,132045,132046,132048,132050],{"id":131473,"depth":79,"text":131474},{"id":131590,"depth":79,"text":131591},{"id":131702,"depth":79,"text":132047},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131832,"depth":79,"text":132049},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131841,"depth":79,"text":131842},{"id":68062,"depth":72,"text":68063},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":132053},[132054,132056,132057,132059],{"id":131958,"depth":79,"text":132055},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131966,"depth":79,"text":131967},{"id":131976,"depth":79,"text":132058},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131989,"depth":79,"text":132060},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130135,"description":132062},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132069,"title":132070,"body":132071,"description":133551,"extension":2138,"meta":133552,"navigation":75,"path":133553,"seo":133554,"stem":133555,"__hash__":133556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132072,"toc":133523},[132073,132078,132083,132088,132090,132152,132159,132165,132170,132172,132188,132190,132261,132263,132277,132280,132330,132332,132334,132361,132364,132379,132382,132423,132426,132471,132478,132527,132529,132537,132539,132557,132559,132652,132660,132701,132706,132713,132719,132726,132729,132733,132834,132836,132858,132862,132915,132918,132921,132927,132934,132936,132975,132977,132995,133005,133012,133095,133098,133105,133112,133119,133123,133131,133177,133181,133190,133255,133260,133265,133276,133278,133283,133310,133312,133415,133418,133438,133440,133445,133448,133452,133456,133463,133472,133478,133481,133487,133489,133491,133520],[10,132074,13,132076,18],{"id":132075},"python-string-index-method",[15,132077,59138],{},[20,132079,22,132080,132082],{},[15,132081,59138],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132084,132085,132086,94],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132087,40879],{},[149,132089,2179],{"id":2178},[38,132091,132093],{"className":40,"code":132092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132094,132095,132107,132129,132139,132143,132147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132098,54],{"class":53},[47,132100,58],{"class":57},[47,132102,62],{"class":61},[47,132104,361],{"class":65},[47,132106,69],{"class":61},[47,132108,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132110,65088],{"class":53},[47,132112,58],{"class":57},[47,132114,1693],{"class":53},[47,132116,94],{"class":86},[47,132118,36022],{"class":90},[47,132120,87],{"class":86},[47,132122,102],{"class":61},[47,132124,412],{"class":65},[47,132126,102],{"class":61},[47,132128,286],{"class":86},[47,132130,132131,132133,132135,132137],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132132,83],{"class":82},[47,132134,87],{"class":86},[47,132136,65115],{"class":90},[47,132138,286],{"class":86},[47,132140,132141],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,132142,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132144,132145],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,132146,90989],{"class":113},[47,132148,132149],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,132150,132151],{"class":113},"# 6\n",[20,132153,144,132154,132156,132157,94],{},[15,132155,59138],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132158,40879],{},[149,132160,152,132162,155],{"id":132161},"what-strindex-does",[15,132163,132164],{},"str.index()",[20,132166,132167,132169],{},[15,132168,132164],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132171,13230],{},[162,132173,132174,132177,132180,132183],{},[165,132175,132176],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[165,132178,132179],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[165,132181,132182],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[165,132184,30470,132185,132187],{},[15,132186,40879],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132189,183],{},[38,132191,132193],{"className":40,"code":132192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132194,132195,132207,132211,132236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132196,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132198,54],{"class":53},[47,132200,58],{"class":57},[47,132202,62],{"class":61},[47,132204,491],{"class":65},[47,132206,69],{"class":61},[47,132208,132209],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132210,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132212,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132214,83],{"class":82},[47,132216,87],{"class":86},[47,132218,91],{"class":90},[47,132220,94],{"class":86},[47,132222,36022],{"class":90},[47,132224,87],{"class":86},[47,132226,102],{"class":61},[47,132228,455],{"class":65},[47,132230,102],{"class":61},[47,132232,110],{"class":86},[47,132234,132235],{"class":113},"     # 1\n",[47,132237,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,132239,83],{"class":82},[47,132241,87],{"class":86},[47,132243,91],{"class":90},[47,132245,94],{"class":86},[47,132247,36022],{"class":90},[47,132249,87],{"class":86},[47,132251,102],{"class":61},[47,132253,123610],{"class":65},[47,132255,102],{"class":61},[47,132257,110],{"class":86},[47,132259,132260],{"class":113},"    # 2\n",[20,132262,2355],{},[162,132264,132265,132271],{},[165,132266,132267,128701,132269],{},[15,132268,18274],{},[15,132270,1598],{},[165,132272,132273,128701,132275],{},[15,132274,128700],{},[15,132276,2233],{},[20,132278,132279],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,132281,132283],{"className":40,"code":132282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132284,132285,132297,132301,132325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132286,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132288,54],{"class":53},[47,132290,58],{"class":57},[47,132292,62],{"class":61},[47,132294,35042],{"class":65},[47,132296,69],{"class":61},[47,132298,132299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132300,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132302,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132304,83],{"class":82},[47,132306,87],{"class":86},[47,132308,91],{"class":90},[47,132310,94],{"class":86},[47,132312,36022],{"class":90},[47,132314,87],{"class":86},[47,132316,102],{"class":61},[47,132318,51361],{"class":65},[47,132320,102],{"class":61},[47,132322,110],{"class":86},[47,132324,20947],{"class":113},[47,132326,132327],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,132328,132329],{"class":113},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[149,132331,261],{"id":260},[20,132333,2336],{},[38,132335,132337],{"className":40,"code":132336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132338,132339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132340,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132342,274],{"class":53},[47,132344,94],{"class":86},[47,132346,36022],{"class":90},[47,132348,87],{"class":86},[47,132350,1587],{"class":90},[47,132352,309],{"class":86},[47,132354,312],{"class":90},[47,132356,309],{"class":86},[47,132358,335],{"class":90},[47,132360,286],{"class":86},[20,132362,132363],{},"Parameters:",[162,132365,132366,132370,132374],{},[165,132367,132368,123708],{},[15,132369,1587],{},[165,132371,132372,128747],{},[15,132373,522],{},[165,132375,132376,132378],{},[15,132377,575],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132380,132381],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,132383,132385],{"className":40,"code":132384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132386,132387,132399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132390,54],{"class":53},[47,132392,58],{"class":57},[47,132394,62],{"class":61},[47,132396,42],{"class":65},[47,132398,69],{"class":61},[47,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132402,83],{"class":82},[47,132404,87],{"class":86},[47,132406,91],{"class":90},[47,132408,94],{"class":86},[47,132410,36022],{"class":90},[47,132412,87],{"class":86},[47,132414,102],{"class":61},[47,132416,63455],{"class":65},[47,132418,102],{"class":61},[47,132420,110],{"class":86},[47,132422,51585],{"class":113},[20,132424,132425],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,132427,132429],{"className":40,"code":132428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132430,132431,132443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132432,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132434,54],{"class":53},[47,132436,58],{"class":57},[47,132438,62],{"class":61},[47,132440,491],{"class":65},[47,132442,69],{"class":61},[47,132444,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132446,83],{"class":82},[47,132448,87],{"class":86},[47,132450,91],{"class":90},[47,132452,94],{"class":86},[47,132454,36022],{"class":90},[47,132456,87],{"class":86},[47,132458,102],{"class":61},[47,132460,455],{"class":65},[47,132462,102],{"class":61},[47,132464,309],{"class":86},[47,132466,1769],{"class":445},[47,132468,110],{"class":86},[47,132470,50942],{"class":113},[20,132472,132473,132474,837,132476,3062],{},"Or include both ",[15,132475,522],{},[15,132477,575],{},[38,132479,132481],{"className":40,"code":132480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132482,132483,132495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132484,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132486,54],{"class":53},[47,132488,58],{"class":57},[47,132490,62],{"class":61},[47,132492,491],{"class":65},[47,132494,69],{"class":61},[47,132496,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132498,83],{"class":82},[47,132500,87],{"class":86},[47,132502,91],{"class":90},[47,132504,94],{"class":86},[47,132506,36022],{"class":90},[47,132508,87],{"class":86},[47,132510,102],{"class":61},[47,132512,455],{"class":65},[47,132514,102],{"class":61},[47,132516,309],{"class":86},[47,132518,1769],{"class":445},[47,132520,309],{"class":86},[47,132522,4787],{"class":445},[47,132524,110],{"class":86},[47,132526,50942],{"class":113},[149,132528,38195],{"id":38194},[20,132530,28885,132531,132533,132534,94],{},[15,132532,59138],{}," is a ",[3922,132535,132536],{},"zero-based index",[20,132538,2284],{},[162,132540,132541,132547,132552],{},[165,132542,132543,132544,132546],{},"Index ",[15,132545,1721],{}," is the first character",[165,132548,132543,132549,132551],{},[15,132550,1598],{}," is the second character",[165,132553,132543,132554,132556],{},[15,132555,2233],{}," is the third character",[20,132558,183],{},[38,132560,132562],{"className":40,"code":132561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132563,132564,132576,132580,132604,132628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132565,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132567,54],{"class":53},[47,132569,58],{"class":57},[47,132571,62],{"class":61},[47,132573,37223],{"class":65},[47,132575,69],{"class":61},[47,132577,132578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132579,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132581,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132583,83],{"class":82},[47,132585,87],{"class":86},[47,132587,91],{"class":90},[47,132589,94],{"class":86},[47,132591,36022],{"class":90},[47,132593,87],{"class":86},[47,132595,102],{"class":61},[47,132597,9913],{"class":65},[47,132599,102],{"class":61},[47,132601,110],{"class":86},[47,132603,51417],{"class":113},[47,132605,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,132607,83],{"class":82},[47,132609,87],{"class":86},[47,132611,91],{"class":90},[47,132613,94],{"class":86},[47,132615,36022],{"class":90},[47,132617,87],{"class":86},[47,132619,102],{"class":61},[47,132621,455],{"class":65},[47,132623,102],{"class":61},[47,132625,110],{"class":86},[47,132627,27957],{"class":113},[47,132629,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,132631,83],{"class":82},[47,132633,87],{"class":86},[47,132635,91],{"class":90},[47,132637,94],{"class":86},[47,132639,36022],{"class":90},[47,132641,87],{"class":86},[47,132643,102],{"class":61},[47,132645,63455],{"class":65},[47,132647,102],{"class":61},[47,132649,110],{"class":86},[47,132651,51585],{"class":113},[20,132653,132654,132656,132657,132659],{},[15,132655,59138],{}," returns only the ",[3922,132658,30085],{}," matching position.",[38,132661,132663],{"className":40,"code":132662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132664,132665,132677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132666,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132668,54],{"class":53},[47,132670,58],{"class":57},[47,132672,62],{"class":61},[47,132674,491],{"class":65},[47,132676,69],{"class":61},[47,132678,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132680,83],{"class":82},[47,132682,87],{"class":86},[47,132684,91],{"class":90},[47,132686,94],{"class":86},[47,132688,36022],{"class":90},[47,132690,87],{"class":86},[47,132692,102],{"class":61},[47,132694,455],{"class":65},[47,132696,102],{"class":61},[47,132698,110],{"class":86},[47,132700,27957],{"class":113},[20,132702,21156,132703,132705],{},[15,132704,18274],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132707,132708,132709,94],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[455,132710,132711,1168],{"href":124956},[15,132712,58760],{},[149,132714,831,132715,837,132717],{"id":65574},[15,132716,522],{},[15,132718,575],{},[20,132720,842,132721,837,132723,132725],{},[15,132722,522],{},[15,132724,575],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132727,132728],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132730,46213,132731,3062],{},[15,132732,522],{},[38,132734,132736],{"className":40,"code":132735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132737,132738,132750,132754,132778,132806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132739,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132741,54],{"class":53},[47,132743,58],{"class":57},[47,132745,62],{"class":61},[47,132747,491],{"class":65},[47,132749,69],{"class":61},[47,132751,132752],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132753,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132755,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132757,83],{"class":82},[47,132759,87],{"class":86},[47,132761,91],{"class":90},[47,132763,94],{"class":86},[47,132765,36022],{"class":90},[47,132767,87],{"class":86},[47,132769,102],{"class":61},[47,132771,455],{"class":65},[47,132773,102],{"class":61},[47,132775,110],{"class":86},[47,132777,51290],{"class":113},[47,132779,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802,132804],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,132781,83],{"class":82},[47,132783,87],{"class":86},[47,132785,91],{"class":90},[47,132787,94],{"class":86},[47,132789,36022],{"class":90},[47,132791,87],{"class":86},[47,132793,102],{"class":61},[47,132795,455],{"class":65},[47,132797,102],{"class":61},[47,132799,309],{"class":86},[47,132801,1769],{"class":445},[47,132803,110],{"class":86},[47,132805,51141],{"class":113},[47,132807,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,132809,83],{"class":82},[47,132811,87],{"class":86},[47,132813,91],{"class":90},[47,132815,94],{"class":86},[47,132817,36022],{"class":90},[47,132819,87],{"class":86},[47,132821,102],{"class":61},[47,132823,455],{"class":65},[47,132825,102],{"class":61},[47,132827,309],{"class":86},[47,132829,912],{"class":445},[47,132831,110],{"class":86},[47,132833,50925],{"class":113},[20,132835,20136],{},[162,132837,132838,132845,132851],{},[165,132839,132840,132841,65764,132843],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132842,18274],{},[15,132844,1598],{},[165,132846,132847,132848,132850],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132849,2233],{}," skips that first match",[165,132852,132847,132853,132855,132856],{},[15,132854,2682],{}," finds the last ",[15,132857,18274],{},[20,132859,46213,132860,3062],{},[15,132861,575],{},[38,132863,132865],{"className":40,"code":132864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132866,132867,132879,132883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132868,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132870,54],{"class":53},[47,132872,58],{"class":57},[47,132874,62],{"class":61},[47,132876,491],{"class":65},[47,132878,69],{"class":61},[47,132880,132881],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132882,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,132884,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,132886,83],{"class":82},[47,132888,87],{"class":86},[47,132890,91],{"class":90},[47,132892,94],{"class":86},[47,132894,36022],{"class":90},[47,132896,87],{"class":86},[47,132898,102],{"class":61},[47,132900,76196],{"class":65},[47,132902,102],{"class":61},[47,132904,309],{"class":86},[47,132906,4014],{"class":445},[47,132908,309],{"class":86},[47,132910,912],{"class":445},[47,132912,110],{"class":86},[47,132914,51585],{"class":113},[20,132916,132917],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132919,132920],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[149,132922,44385,132924,132926],{"id":132923},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132925,59138],{}," causes an error",[20,132928,132929,132930,52665,132932,94],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132931,59138],{},[15,132933,40879],{},[20,132935,183],{},[38,132937,132939],{"className":40,"code":132938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132940,132941,132953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132942,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132944,54],{"class":53},[47,132946,58],{"class":57},[47,132948,62],{"class":61},[47,132950,386],{"class":65},[47,132952,69],{"class":61},[47,132954,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132956,83],{"class":82},[47,132958,87],{"class":86},[47,132960,91],{"class":90},[47,132962,94],{"class":86},[47,132964,36022],{"class":90},[47,132966,87],{"class":86},[47,132968,102],{"class":61},[47,132970,22254],{"class":65},[47,132972,102],{"class":61},[47,132974,1879],{"class":86},[20,132976,814],{},[38,132978,132980],{"className":40,"code":132979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132981,132982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132983,132984,132986,132988,132991,132993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132985,40879],{"class":1570},[47,132987,3062],{"class":86},[47,132989,132990],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132992,4813],{"class":57},[47,132994,65997],{"class":53},[20,132996,53511,132997,126470,133002,133004],{},[455,132998,132999],{"href":130129},[15,133000,133001],{},"str.find()",[15,133003,66022],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133006,133007,133008,837,133010,3062],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133009,29980],{},[15,133011,30011],{},[38,133013,133015],{"className":40,"code":133014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133016,133017,133029,133033,133039,133062,133072,133080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133018,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133020,54],{"class":53},[47,133022,58],{"class":57},[47,133024,62],{"class":61},[47,133026,386],{"class":65},[47,133028,69],{"class":61},[47,133030,133031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133032,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,133034,133035,133037],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133036,29980],{"class":752},[47,133038,795],{"class":86},[47,133040,133041,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,133042,133043],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,133045,58],{"class":57},[47,133047,1693],{"class":53},[47,133049,94],{"class":86},[47,133051,36022],{"class":90},[47,133053,87],{"class":86},[47,133055,102],{"class":61},[47,133057,22254],{"class":65},[47,133059,102],{"class":61},[47,133061,286],{"class":86},[47,133063,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,133065,776],{"class":82},[47,133067,87],{"class":86},[47,133069,65115],{"class":90},[47,133071,286],{"class":86},[47,133073,133074,133076,133078],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,133075,30011],{"class":752},[47,133077,42101],{"class":1570},[47,133079,795],{"class":86},[47,133081,133082,133084,133086,133088,133091,133093],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,133083,776],{"class":82},[47,133085,87],{"class":86},[47,133087,102],{"class":61},[47,133089,133090],{"class":65},"Substring not found",[47,133092,102],{"class":61},[47,133094,286],{"class":86},[20,133096,133097],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133099,42121,133100,94],{},[455,133101,25857,133103],{"href":133102},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133104,129458],{},[149,133106,133108,10760,133110],{"id":133107},"index-vs-find",[15,133109,59138],{},[15,133111,1630],{},[20,133113,133114,837,133116,133118],{},[15,133115,59138],{},[15,133117,1630],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[469,133120,133121],{"id":36022},[15,133122,59138],{},[162,133124,133125,133128],{},[165,133126,133127],{},"Returns the first match position",[165,133129,133130],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,133132,133134],{"className":40,"code":133133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133135,133136,133148,133172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133137,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133139,54],{"class":53},[47,133141,58],{"class":57},[47,133143,62],{"class":61},[47,133145,386],{"class":65},[47,133147,69],{"class":61},[47,133149,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133151,83],{"class":82},[47,133153,87],{"class":86},[47,133155,91],{"class":90},[47,133157,94],{"class":86},[47,133159,36022],{"class":90},[47,133161,87],{"class":86},[47,133163,102],{"class":61},[47,133165,60617],{"class":65},[47,133167,102],{"class":61},[47,133169,110],{"class":86},[47,133171,27957],{"class":113},[47,133173,133174],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133175,133176],{"class":113},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[469,133178,133179],{"id":128513},[15,133180,1630],{},[162,133182,133183,133185],{},[165,133184,133127],{},[165,133186,11599,133187,133189],{},[15,133188,66022],{}," if nothing is found",[38,133191,133193],{"className":40,"code":133192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133194,133195,133207,133231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133196,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133198,54],{"class":53},[47,133200,58],{"class":57},[47,133202,62],{"class":61},[47,133204,386],{"class":65},[47,133206,69],{"class":61},[47,133208,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133210,83],{"class":82},[47,133212,87],{"class":86},[47,133214,91],{"class":90},[47,133216,94],{"class":86},[47,133218,128513],{"class":90},[47,133220,87],{"class":86},[47,133222,102],{"class":61},[47,133224,60617],{"class":65},[47,133226,102],{"class":61},[47,133228,110],{"class":86},[47,133230,27957],{"class":113},[47,133232,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133234,83],{"class":82},[47,133236,87],{"class":86},[47,133238,91],{"class":90},[47,133240,94],{"class":86},[47,133242,128513],{"class":90},[47,133244,87],{"class":86},[47,133246,102],{"class":61},[47,133248,22254],{"class":65},[47,133250,102],{"class":61},[47,133252,110],{"class":86},[47,133254,128869],{"class":113},[20,133256,144,133257,133259],{},[15,133258,59138],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133261,144,133262,133264],{},[15,133263,1630],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133266,133267,133268,32,133273,94],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[455,133269,133270,133272],{"href":130129},[15,133271,133001],{}," method reference",[455,133274,1706],{"href":133275},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[149,133277,1425],{"id":1424},[20,133279,133280,133281,3062],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133282,59138],{},[162,133284,133285,133288,133295,133300,133305],{},[165,133286,133287],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[165,133289,8628,133290,8631,133292,133294],{},[15,133291,59138],{},[15,133293,66022],{}," when no match exists",[165,133296,831,133297,133299],{},[15,133298,59138],{}," on a value that may not be present",[165,133301,133302,133303],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133304,1598],{},[165,133306,4761,133307,133309],{},[15,133308,59138],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133311,62463],{},[38,133313,133315],{"className":40,"code":133314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133316,133317,133327,133341,133363,133385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133318,133319,133321,133323,133325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133320,83],{"class":82},[47,133322,87],{"class":86},[47,133324,91],{"class":90},[47,133326,286],{"class":86},[47,133328,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133330,83],{"class":82},[47,133332,87],{"class":86},[47,133334,41954],{"class":82},[47,133336,87],{"class":86},[47,133338,91],{"class":90},[47,133340,1879],{"class":86},[47,133342,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133344,83],{"class":82},[47,133346,87],{"class":86},[47,133348,91],{"class":90},[47,133350,94],{"class":86},[47,133352,36022],{"class":90},[47,133354,87],{"class":86},[47,133356,102],{"class":61},[47,133358,1587],{"class":65},[47,133360,102],{"class":61},[47,133362,1879],{"class":86},[47,133364,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,133366,83],{"class":82},[47,133368,87],{"class":86},[47,133370,91],{"class":90},[47,133372,94],{"class":86},[47,133374,128513],{"class":90},[47,133376,87],{"class":86},[47,133378,102],{"class":61},[47,133380,1587],{"class":65},[47,133382,102],{"class":61},[47,133384,1879],{"class":86},[47,133386,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,133388,83],{"class":82},[47,133390,87],{"class":86},[47,133392,91],{"class":90},[47,133394,94],{"class":86},[47,133396,36022],{"class":90},[47,133398,87],{"class":86},[47,133400,102],{"class":61},[47,133402,1587],{"class":65},[47,133404,102],{"class":61},[47,133406,309],{"class":86},[47,133408,312],{"class":90},[47,133410,309],{"class":86},[47,133412,335],{"class":90},[47,133414,1879],{"class":86},[20,133416,133417],{},"Tips:",[162,133419,133420,133425,133430,133433],{},[165,133421,144,133422,133424],{},[15,133423,126426],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[165,133426,144,133427,133429],{},[15,133428,1630],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[165,133431,133432],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[165,133434,133435,133436],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133437,1721],{},[149,133439,1962],{"id":1961},[469,133441,129991,133443,12893],{"id":133442},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133444,59138],{},[20,133446,133447],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[469,133449,133451],{"id":133450},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133453,77024,133454,94],{},[15,133455,40879],{},[469,133457,2032,133459,837,133461,2037],{"id":133458},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133460,59138],{},[15,133462,1630],{},[20,133464,133465,133467,133468,2576,133470,6808],{},[15,133466,59138],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133469,1630],{},[15,133471,66022],{},[469,133473,1980,133475,133477],{"id":133474},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133476,59138],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133479,133480],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[469,133482,133484,133485,2025],{"id":133483},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133486,59138],{},[20,133488,2028],{},[149,133490,2062],{"id":2061},[162,133492,133493,133499,133503,133508,133514],{},[165,133494,133495],{},[455,133496,133497,1168],{"href":130129},[15,133498,133001],{},[165,133500,133501],{},[455,133502,2087],{"href":133275},[165,133504,133505],{},[455,133506,130090],{"href":133507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[165,133509,133510],{},[455,133511,133512,1168],{"href":124956},[15,133513,58760],{},[165,133515,133516],{},[455,133517,30524,133518],{"href":133102},[15,133519,129458],{},[2093,133521,133522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":133524},[133525,133526,133528,133529,133530,133531,133533,133538,133539,133550],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":132161,"depth":72,"text":133527},"What str.index() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195},{"id":65574,"depth":72,"text":66357},{"id":132923,"depth":72,"text":133532},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133107,"depth":72,"text":133534,"children":133535},"index() vs find()",[133536,133537],{"id":36022,"depth":79,"text":59138},{"id":128513,"depth":79,"text":1630},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":133540},[133541,133543,133544,133546,133548],{"id":133442,"depth":79,"text":133542},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133450,"depth":79,"text":133451},{"id":133458,"depth":79,"text":133545},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133474,"depth":79,"text":133547},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133483,"depth":79,"text":133549},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132070,"description":133551},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133558,"title":133559,"body":133560,"description":136333,"extension":2138,"meta":136334,"navigation":75,"path":136335,"seo":136336,"stem":136337,"__hash__":136338},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133561,"toc":136269},[133562,133568,133573,133576,133579,133590,133592,133661,133663,133677,133682,133687,133692,133694,133737,133739,133822,133824,133870,133876,133878,133880,133900,133902,133925,133927,134001,134003,134022,134027,134029,134033,134105,134107,134121,134125,134201,134203,134222,134226,134320,134322,134331,134338,134413,134415,134433,134437,134440,134447,134496,134498,134507,134514,134573,134575,134593,134596,134603,134662,134664,134682,134689,134746,134748,134757,134761,134766,134770,134829,134831,134849,134853,134900,134905,134908,134977,134979,134996,135003,135009,135064,135069,135072,135149,135151,135169,135175,135181,135241,135243,135262,135268,135271,135278,135331,135336,135338,135399,135408,135415,135417,135474,135479,135481,135552,135556,135611,135613,135622,135627,135633,135702,135704,135736,135742,135750,135757,135763,135828,135830,135839,135845,135926,135928,135937,135942,135956,135962,135966,135971,135999,136001,136134,136137,136174,136176,136182,136191,136196,136199,136204,136209,136215,136218,136227,136230,136232,136261,136266],[10,133563,13,133565,18],{"id":133564},"python-string-join-method",[15,133566,133567],{},"join()",[20,133569,22,133570,133572],{},[15,133571,133567],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133574,133575],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133577,133578],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[162,133580,133581,133587],{},[165,133582,133583,133584,133586],{},"You call ",[15,133585,133567],{}," on the separator string",[165,133588,133589],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[149,133591,3788],{"id":3787},[38,133593,133595],{"className":40,"code":133594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133596,133597,133630,133651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133598,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133626,133628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133600,4251],{"class":53},[47,133602,58],{"class":57},[47,133604,3803],{"class":86},[47,133606,102],{"class":61},[47,133608,105],{"class":65},[47,133610,102],{"class":61},[47,133612,309],{"class":86},[47,133614,62],{"class":61},[47,133616,12371],{"class":65},[47,133618,102],{"class":61},[47,133620,309],{"class":86},[47,133622,62],{"class":61},[47,133624,133625],{"class":65},"fun",[47,133627,102],{"class":61},[47,133629,3816],{"class":86},[47,133631,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133645,133647,133649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133633,2407],{"class":53},[47,133635,58],{"class":57},[47,133637,62],{"class":61},[47,133639,62],{"class":61},[47,133641,94],{"class":86},[47,133643,133644],{"class":90},"join",[47,133646,87],{"class":86},[47,133648,4294],{"class":90},[47,133650,286],{"class":86},[47,133652,133653,133655,133657,133659],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133654,83],{"class":82},[47,133656,87],{"class":86},[47,133658,2442],{"class":90},[47,133660,286],{"class":86},[20,133662,814],{},[38,133664,133666],{"className":40,"code":133665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,133667,133668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133669,133670,133672,133674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133671,3755],{"class":53},[47,133673,12371],{"class":57},[47,133675,133676],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,133678,144,133679,133681],{},[15,133680,133567],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[149,133683,152,133685,155],{"id":133684},"what-join-does",[15,133686,133567],{},[20,133688,133689,133691],{},[15,133690,133567],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133693,11634],{},[162,133695,133696,133703,133731,133734],{},[165,133697,133698,133699,133702],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133700,133701],{},".join()"," as the separator",[165,133704,133705,133706],{},"Common separators are:\n",[162,133707,133708,133714,133720,133726],{},[165,133709,133710,133713],{},[15,133711,133712],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[165,133715,133716,133719],{},[15,133717,133718],{},"\", \""," for commas",[165,133721,133722,133725],{},[15,133723,133724],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[165,133727,133728,133730],{},[15,133729,6452],{}," for no separator",[165,133732,133733],{},"It returns a new string",[165,133735,133736],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133738,183],{},[38,133740,133742],{"className":40,"code":133741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133743,133744,133776,133798,133802,133812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133745,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133747,4251],{"class":53},[47,133749,58],{"class":57},[47,133751,3803],{"class":86},[47,133753,102],{"class":61},[47,133755,13271],{"class":65},[47,133757,102],{"class":61},[47,133759,309],{"class":86},[47,133761,62],{"class":61},[47,133763,17633],{"class":65},[47,133765,102],{"class":61},[47,133767,309],{"class":86},[47,133769,62],{"class":61},[47,133771,13288],{"class":65},[47,133773,102],{"class":61},[47,133775,3816],{"class":86},[47,133777,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133779,2407],{"class":53},[47,133781,58],{"class":57},[47,133783,62],{"class":61},[47,133785,2366],{"class":65},[47,133787,102],{"class":61},[47,133789,94],{"class":86},[47,133791,133644],{"class":90},[47,133793,87],{"class":86},[47,133795,4294],{"class":90},[47,133797,286],{"class":86},[47,133799,133800],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133801,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,133803,133804,133806,133808,133810],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,133805,83],{"class":82},[47,133807,87],{"class":86},[47,133809,2442],{"class":90},[47,133811,286],{"class":86},[47,133813,133814,133816,133818,133820],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,133815,83],{"class":82},[47,133817,87],{"class":86},[47,133819,4294],{"class":90},[47,133821,286],{"class":86},[20,133823,814],{},[38,133825,133827],{"className":40,"code":133826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133828,133829,133842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133830,133831,133833,133835,133838,133840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133832,13271],{"class":53},[47,133834,309],{"class":86},[47,133836,133837],{"class":53}," green",[47,133839,309],{"class":86},[47,133841,36057],{"class":53},[47,133843,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133845,4080],{"class":86},[47,133847,3479],{"class":61},[47,133849,13271],{"class":65},[47,133851,3479],{"class":61},[47,133853,309],{"class":86},[47,133855,3474],{"class":61},[47,133857,17633],{"class":65},[47,133859,3479],{"class":61},[47,133861,309],{"class":86},[47,133863,3474],{"class":61},[47,133865,13288],{"class":65},[47,133867,3479],{"class":61},[47,133869,3816],{"class":86},[20,133871,133872,133873,133875],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133874,133567],{}," creates a new string.",[149,133877,261],{"id":260},[20,133879,7394],{},[38,133881,133883],{"className":40,"code":133882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133884,133885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133886,133887,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133888,133889],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133891,94],{"class":86},[47,133893,133644],{"class":90},[47,133895,87],{"class":86},[47,133897,3899],{"class":90},[47,133899,286],{"class":86},[469,133901,49183],{"id":49182},[162,133903,133904,133917,133922],{},[165,133905,133906,133908,133909,2366,133911,2366,133913,2370,133915],{},[15,133907,133889],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133910,133712],{},[15,133912,133718],{},[15,133914,133724],{},[15,133916,6452],{},[165,133918,133919,133921],{},[15,133920,3899],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[165,133923,133924],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133926,183],{},[38,133928,133930],{"className":40,"code":133929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133931,133932,133964,133987,133991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133933,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133935,5175],{"class":53},[47,133937,58],{"class":57},[47,133939,3803],{"class":86},[47,133941,102],{"class":61},[47,133943,13058],{"class":65},[47,133945,102],{"class":61},[47,133947,309],{"class":86},[47,133949,62],{"class":61},[47,133951,36117],{"class":65},[47,133953,102],{"class":61},[47,133955,309],{"class":86},[47,133957,62],{"class":61},[47,133959,36126],{"class":65},[47,133961,102],{"class":61},[47,133963,3816],{"class":86},[47,133965,133966,133968,133970,133972,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133967,2407],{"class":53},[47,133969,58],{"class":57},[47,133971,62],{"class":61},[47,133973,133974],{"class":65}," | ",[47,133976,102],{"class":61},[47,133978,94],{"class":86},[47,133980,133644],{"class":90},[47,133982,87],{"class":86},[47,133984,5219],{"class":90},[47,133986,286],{"class":86},[47,133988,133989],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,133990,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,133994,83],{"class":82},[47,133996,87],{"class":86},[47,133998,2442],{"class":90},[47,134000,286],{"class":86},[20,134002,814],{},[38,134004,134006],{"className":40,"code":134005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134007,134008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134009,134010,134013,134015,134018,134020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134011,134012],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,134014,114027],{"class":57},[47,134016,134017],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,134019,114027],{"class":57},[47,134021,36198],{"class":53},[20,134023,134024,134025,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[455,134026,458],{"href":457},[149,134028,122051],{"id":122050},[469,134030,134032],{"id":134031},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,134034,134036],{"className":40,"code":134035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134037,134038,134071,134091,134095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134067,134069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134041,4251],{"class":53},[47,134043,58],{"class":57},[47,134045,3803],{"class":86},[47,134047,102],{"class":61},[47,134049,105],{"class":65},[47,134051,102],{"class":61},[47,134053,309],{"class":86},[47,134055,62],{"class":61},[47,134057,12371],{"class":65},[47,134059,102],{"class":61},[47,134061,309],{"class":86},[47,134063,62],{"class":61},[47,134065,134066],{"class":65},"easy",[47,134068,102],{"class":61},[47,134070,3816],{"class":86},[47,134072,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134074,2407],{"class":53},[47,134076,58],{"class":57},[47,134078,62],{"class":61},[47,134080,62],{"class":61},[47,134082,94],{"class":86},[47,134084,133644],{"class":90},[47,134086,87],{"class":86},[47,134088,4294],{"class":90},[47,134090,286],{"class":86},[47,134092,134093],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,134094,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,134096,134097,134099,134101,134103],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,134098,83],{"class":82},[47,134100,87],{"class":86},[47,134102,2442],{"class":90},[47,134104,286],{"class":86},[20,134106,814],{},[38,134108,134110],{"className":40,"code":134109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,134111,134112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134113,134114,134116,134118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134115,3755],{"class":53},[47,134117,12371],{"class":57},[47,134119,134120],{"class":53}," easy\n",[469,134122,134124],{"id":134123},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,134126,134128],{"className":40,"code":134127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134129,134130,134165,134187,134191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134131,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134143,134145,134147,134149,134152,134154,134156,134158,134161,134163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134133,7955],{"class":53},[47,134135,58],{"class":57},[47,134137,3803],{"class":86},[47,134139,102],{"class":61},[47,134141,134142],{"class":65},"apples",[47,134144,102],{"class":61},[47,134146,309],{"class":86},[47,134148,62],{"class":61},[47,134150,134151],{"class":65},"bananas",[47,134153,102],{"class":61},[47,134155,309],{"class":86},[47,134157,62],{"class":61},[47,134159,134160],{"class":65},"oranges",[47,134162,102],{"class":61},[47,134164,3816],{"class":86},[47,134166,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134168,2407],{"class":53},[47,134170,58],{"class":57},[47,134172,62],{"class":61},[47,134174,2366],{"class":65},[47,134176,102],{"class":61},[47,134178,94],{"class":86},[47,134180,133644],{"class":90},[47,134182,87],{"class":86},[47,134184,7986],{"class":90},[47,134186,286],{"class":86},[47,134188,134189],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,134190,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,134192,134193,134195,134197,134199],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,134194,83],{"class":82},[47,134196,87],{"class":86},[47,134198,2442],{"class":90},[47,134200,286],{"class":86},[20,134202,814],{},[38,134204,134206],{"className":40,"code":134205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134207,134208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134209,134210,134212,134214,134217,134219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134211,134142],{"class":53},[47,134213,309],{"class":86},[47,134215,134216],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,134218,309],{"class":86},[47,134220,134221],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[469,134223,134225],{"id":134224},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,134227,134229],{"className":40,"code":134228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134230,134231,134288,134306,134310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134232,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134234,36265],{"class":53},[47,134236,58],{"class":57},[47,134238,3803],{"class":86},[47,134240,102],{"class":61},[47,134242,134243],{"class":65},"P",[47,134245,102],{"class":61},[47,134247,309],{"class":86},[47,134249,62],{"class":61},[47,134251,11922],{"class":65},[47,134253,102],{"class":61},[47,134255,309],{"class":86},[47,134257,62],{"class":61},[47,134259,63455],{"class":65},[47,134261,102],{"class":61},[47,134263,309],{"class":86},[47,134265,62],{"class":61},[47,134267,60608],{"class":65},[47,134269,102],{"class":61},[47,134271,309],{"class":86},[47,134273,62],{"class":61},[47,134275,60643],{"class":65},[47,134277,102],{"class":61},[47,134279,309],{"class":86},[47,134281,62],{"class":61},[47,134283,76196],{"class":65},[47,134285,102],{"class":61},[47,134287,3816],{"class":86},[47,134289,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134291,2407],{"class":53},[47,134293,58],{"class":57},[47,134295,6306],{"class":61},[47,134297,94],{"class":86},[47,134299,133644],{"class":90},[47,134301,87],{"class":86},[47,134303,36318],{"class":90},[47,134305,286],{"class":86},[47,134307,134308],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,134309,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,134311,134312,134314,134316,134318],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,134313,83],{"class":82},[47,134315,87],{"class":86},[47,134317,2442],{"class":90},[47,134319,286],{"class":86},[20,134321,814],{},[38,134323,134325],{"className":40,"code":134324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,134326,134327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134328,134329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134330,134324],{"class":53},[469,134332,134334,134335,134337],{"id":134333},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134336,133567],{}," returns the result",[38,134339,134341],{"className":40,"code":134340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134342,134343,134375,134398,134402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134344,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134346,4251],{"class":53},[47,134348,58],{"class":57},[47,134350,3803],{"class":86},[47,134352,102],{"class":61},[47,134354,6762],{"class":65},[47,134356,102],{"class":61},[47,134358,309],{"class":86},[47,134360,62],{"class":61},[47,134362,905],{"class":65},[47,134364,102],{"class":61},[47,134366,309],{"class":86},[47,134368,62],{"class":61},[47,134370,936],{"class":65},[47,134372,102],{"class":61},[47,134374,3816],{"class":86},[47,134376,134377,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134378,134379],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,134381,58],{"class":57},[47,134383,62],{"class":61},[47,134385,2198],{"class":65},[47,134387,102],{"class":61},[47,134389,94],{"class":86},[47,134391,133644],{"class":90},[47,134393,87],{"class":86},[47,134395,4294],{"class":90},[47,134397,286],{"class":86},[47,134399,134400],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,134401,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,134403,134404,134406,134408,134411],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,134405,83],{"class":82},[47,134407,87],{"class":86},[47,134409,134410],{"class":90},"joined_text",[47,134412,286],{"class":86},[20,134414,814],{},[38,134416,134418],{"className":40,"code":134417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,134419,134420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134421,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134423,6762],{"class":53},[47,134425,2198],{"class":57},[47,134427,905],{"class":53},[47,134429,2198],{"class":57},[47,134431,134432],{"class":53},"three\n",[149,134434,134436],{"id":134435},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134438,134439],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[469,134441,134443,134446],{"id":134442},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134444,134445],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,134448,134450],{"className":40,"code":134449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134451,134452,134476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134453,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134455,4251],{"class":53},[47,134457,58],{"class":57},[47,134459,3803],{"class":86},[47,134461,102],{"class":61},[47,134463,386],{"class":65},[47,134465,102],{"class":61},[47,134467,309],{"class":86},[47,134469,62],{"class":61},[47,134471,412],{"class":65},[47,134473,102],{"class":61},[47,134475,3816],{"class":86},[47,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134479,83],{"class":82},[47,134481,87],{"class":86},[47,134483,102],{"class":61},[47,134485,62],{"class":61},[47,134487,94],{"class":86},[47,134489,133644],{"class":90},[47,134491,87],{"class":86},[47,134493,4294],{"class":90},[47,134495,1879],{"class":86},[20,134497,814],{},[38,134499,134501],{"className":40,"code":134500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,134502,134503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134504,134505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134506,134500],{"class":53},[469,134508,134510,134513],{"id":134509},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134511,134512],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,134515,134517],{"className":40,"code":134516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134518,134519,134551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134522,13254],{"class":53},[47,134524,58],{"class":57},[47,134526,3803],{"class":86},[47,134528,102],{"class":61},[47,134530,13271],{"class":65},[47,134532,102],{"class":61},[47,134534,309],{"class":86},[47,134536,62],{"class":61},[47,134538,13288],{"class":65},[47,134540,102],{"class":61},[47,134542,309],{"class":86},[47,134544,62],{"class":61},[47,134546,17633],{"class":65},[47,134548,102],{"class":61},[47,134550,3816],{"class":86},[47,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134554,83],{"class":82},[47,134556,87],{"class":86},[47,134558,102],{"class":61},[47,134560,2366],{"class":65},[47,134562,102],{"class":61},[47,134564,94],{"class":86},[47,134566,133644],{"class":90},[47,134568,87],{"class":86},[47,134570,17680],{"class":90},[47,134572,1879],{"class":86},[20,134574,814],{},[38,134576,134578],{"className":40,"code":134577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134579,134580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134581,134582,134584,134586,134589,134591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134583,13271],{"class":53},[47,134585,309],{"class":86},[47,134587,134588],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134590,309],{"class":86},[47,134592,36050],{"class":53},[20,134594,134595],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[469,134597,134599,134602],{"id":134598},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134600,134601],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,134604,134606],{"className":40,"code":134605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134607,134608,134640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134611,43011],{"class":53},[47,134613,58],{"class":57},[47,134615,3803],{"class":86},[47,134617,102],{"class":61},[47,134619,42],{"class":65},[47,134621,102],{"class":61},[47,134623,309],{"class":86},[47,134625,62],{"class":61},[47,134627,274],{"class":65},[47,134629,102],{"class":61},[47,134631,309],{"class":86},[47,134633,62],{"class":61},[47,134635,133644],{"class":65},[47,134637,102],{"class":61},[47,134639,3816],{"class":86},[47,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134643,83],{"class":82},[47,134645,87],{"class":86},[47,134647,102],{"class":61},[47,134649,2198],{"class":65},[47,134651,102],{"class":61},[47,134653,94],{"class":86},[47,134655,133644],{"class":90},[47,134657,87],{"class":86},[47,134659,43042],{"class":90},[47,134661,1879],{"class":86},[20,134663,814],{},[38,134665,134667],{"className":40,"code":134666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,134668,134669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134670,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134672,42],{"class":53},[47,134674,2198],{"class":57},[47,134676,274],{"class":53},[47,134678,2198],{"class":57},[47,134680,134681],{"class":53},"join\n",[469,134683,134685,134688],{"id":134684},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134686,134687],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,134690,134692],{"className":40,"code":134691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134693,134694,134727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134695,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134723,134725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134697,113099],{"class":53},[47,134699,58],{"class":57},[47,134701,3803],{"class":86},[47,134703,102],{"class":61},[47,134705,22422],{"class":65},[47,134707,102],{"class":61},[47,134709,309],{"class":86},[47,134711,62],{"class":61},[47,134713,30777],{"class":65},[47,134715,102],{"class":61},[47,134717,309],{"class":86},[47,134719,62],{"class":61},[47,134721,134722],{"class":65},"C",[47,134724,102],{"class":61},[47,134726,3816],{"class":86},[47,134728,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134730,83],{"class":82},[47,134732,87],{"class":86},[47,134734,6452],{"class":61},[47,134736,94],{"class":86},[47,134738,133644],{"class":90},[47,134740,87],{"class":86},[47,134742,134743],{"class":90},"chars",[47,134745,1879],{"class":86},[20,134747,814],{},[38,134749,134751],{"className":40,"code":134750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,134752,134753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134754,134755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134756,134750],{"class":34629},[149,134758,134760],{"id":134759},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134762,134763,134765],{},[15,134764,133567],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[469,134767,134769],{"id":134768},"this-works","This works",[38,134771,134773],{"className":40,"code":134772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134774,134775,134807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134776,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134778,4003],{"class":53},[47,134780,58],{"class":57},[47,134782,3803],{"class":86},[47,134784,102],{"class":61},[47,134786,2509],{"class":65},[47,134788,102],{"class":61},[47,134790,309],{"class":86},[47,134792,62],{"class":61},[47,134794,15934],{"class":65},[47,134796,102],{"class":61},[47,134798,309],{"class":86},[47,134800,62],{"class":61},[47,134802,37017],{"class":65},[47,134804,102],{"class":61},[47,134806,3816],{"class":86},[47,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134810,83],{"class":82},[47,134812,87],{"class":86},[47,134814,102],{"class":61},[47,134816,2366],{"class":65},[47,134818,102],{"class":61},[47,134820,94],{"class":86},[47,134822,133644],{"class":90},[47,134824,87],{"class":86},[47,134826,5538],{"class":90},[47,134828,1879],{"class":86},[20,134830,814],{},[38,134832,134834],{"className":40,"code":134833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134835,134836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134839,2509],{"class":445},[47,134841,309],{"class":86},[47,134843,7966],{"class":445},[47,134845,309],{"class":86},[47,134847,134848],{"class":445}," 30\n",[469,134850,134852],{"id":134851},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,134854,134856],{"className":40,"code":134855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134857,134858,134878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134859,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134861,4003],{"class":53},[47,134863,58],{"class":57},[47,134865,3803],{"class":86},[47,134867,1598],{"class":445},[47,134869,309],{"class":86},[47,134871,1769],{"class":445},[47,134873,309],{"class":86},[47,134875,2630],{"class":445},[47,134877,3816],{"class":86},[47,134879,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134881,83],{"class":82},[47,134883,87],{"class":86},[47,134885,102],{"class":61},[47,134887,2366],{"class":65},[47,134889,102],{"class":61},[47,134891,94],{"class":86},[47,134893,133644],{"class":90},[47,134895,87],{"class":86},[47,134897,5538],{"class":90},[47,134899,1879],{"class":86},[20,134901,90476,134902,134904],{},[15,134903,3182],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134906,134907],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,134909,134911],{"className":40,"code":134910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134912,134913,134933,134963,134967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134914,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134916,4003],{"class":53},[47,134918,58],{"class":57},[47,134920,3803],{"class":86},[47,134922,1598],{"class":445},[47,134924,309],{"class":86},[47,134926,1769],{"class":445},[47,134928,309],{"class":86},[47,134930,2630],{"class":445},[47,134932,3816],{"class":86},[47,134934,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134936,2407],{"class":53},[47,134938,58],{"class":57},[47,134940,62],{"class":61},[47,134942,2366],{"class":65},[47,134944,102],{"class":61},[47,134946,94],{"class":86},[47,134948,133644],{"class":90},[47,134950,87],{"class":86},[47,134952,40034],{"class":82},[47,134954,87],{"class":86},[47,134956,3622],{"class":1570},[47,134958,309],{"class":86},[47,134960,4065],{"class":90},[47,134962,1879],{"class":86},[47,134964,134965],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,134966,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,134968,134969,134971,134973,134975],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,134970,83],{"class":82},[47,134972,87],{"class":86},[47,134974,2442],{"class":90},[47,134976,286],{"class":86},[20,134978,814],{},[38,134980,134982],{"className":40,"code":134981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134983,134984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134985,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134987,1598],{"class":445},[47,134989,309],{"class":86},[47,134991,1769],{"class":445},[47,134993,309],{"class":86},[47,134995,2755],{"class":445},[20,134997,134998,134999,94],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[455,135000,3755,135001,3688],{"href":42350},[15,135002,47857],{},[469,135004,135006,135008],{"id":135005},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135007,3958],{}," values do not work directly",[38,135010,135012],{"className":40,"code":135011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135013,135014,135042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135017,4003],{"class":53},[47,135019,58],{"class":57},[47,135021,3803],{"class":86},[47,135023,102],{"class":61},[47,135025,4260],{"class":65},[47,135027,102],{"class":61},[47,135029,309],{"class":86},[47,135031,4033],{"class":4032},[47,135033,309],{"class":86},[47,135035,62],{"class":61},[47,135037,491],{"class":65},[47,135039,102],{"class":61},[47,135041,3816],{"class":86},[47,135043,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135045,83],{"class":82},[47,135047,87],{"class":86},[47,135049,102],{"class":61},[47,135051,2366],{"class":65},[47,135053,102],{"class":61},[47,135055,94],{"class":86},[47,135057,133644],{"class":90},[47,135059,87],{"class":86},[47,135061,5538],{"class":90},[47,135063,1879],{"class":86},[20,135065,135066,135067,94],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135068,3182],{},[20,135070,135071],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,135073,135075],{"className":40,"code":135074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135076,135077,135105,135135,135139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135078,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135080,4003],{"class":53},[47,135082,58],{"class":57},[47,135084,3803],{"class":86},[47,135086,102],{"class":61},[47,135088,4260],{"class":65},[47,135090,102],{"class":61},[47,135092,309],{"class":86},[47,135094,4033],{"class":4032},[47,135096,309],{"class":86},[47,135098,62],{"class":61},[47,135100,491],{"class":65},[47,135102,102],{"class":61},[47,135104,3816],{"class":86},[47,135106,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135108,2407],{"class":53},[47,135110,58],{"class":57},[47,135112,62],{"class":61},[47,135114,2366],{"class":65},[47,135116,102],{"class":61},[47,135118,94],{"class":86},[47,135120,133644],{"class":90},[47,135122,87],{"class":86},[47,135124,40034],{"class":82},[47,135126,87],{"class":86},[47,135128,3622],{"class":1570},[47,135130,309],{"class":86},[47,135132,4065],{"class":90},[47,135134,1879],{"class":86},[47,135136,135137],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,135138,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,135140,135141,135143,135145,135147],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,135142,83],{"class":82},[47,135144,87],{"class":86},[47,135146,2442],{"class":90},[47,135148,286],{"class":86},[20,135150,814],{},[38,135152,135154],{"className":40,"code":135153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135155,135156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135157,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135159,4260],{"class":53},[47,135161,309],{"class":86},[47,135163,4033],{"class":4032},[47,135165,309],{"class":86},[47,135167,135168],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,135170,135171,135172,135174],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135173,3958],{}," values instead of converting them.",[469,135176,135178,135180],{"id":135177},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135179,133567],{}," also works with tuples",[38,135182,135184],{"className":40,"code":135183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135185,135186,135218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135189,5175],{"class":53},[47,135191,58],{"class":57},[47,135193,1067],{"class":86},[47,135195,102],{"class":61},[47,135197,7852],{"class":65},[47,135199,102],{"class":61},[47,135201,309],{"class":86},[47,135203,62],{"class":61},[47,135205,131573],{"class":65},[47,135207,102],{"class":61},[47,135209,309],{"class":86},[47,135211,62],{"class":61},[47,135213,8097],{"class":65},[47,135215,102],{"class":61},[47,135217,286],{"class":86},[47,135219,135220,135222,135224,135226,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135221,83],{"class":82},[47,135223,87],{"class":86},[47,135225,102],{"class":61},[47,135227,135228],{"class":65}," \u002F ",[47,135230,102],{"class":61},[47,135232,94],{"class":86},[47,135234,133644],{"class":90},[47,135236,87],{"class":86},[47,135238,5219],{"class":90},[47,135240,1879],{"class":86},[20,135242,814],{},[38,135244,135246],{"className":40,"code":135245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135247,135248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135249,135250,135253,135255,135258,135260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135251,135252],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,135254,766],{"class":57},[47,135256,135257],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,135259,766],{"class":57},[47,135261,22511],{"class":53},[149,135263,135265,135266],{"id":135264},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135267,133567],{},[20,135269,135270],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[469,135272,135274,135275,135277],{"id":135273},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135276,3182],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,135279,135281],{"className":40,"code":135280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135282,135283,135311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135284,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135286,7955],{"class":53},[47,135288,58],{"class":57},[47,135290,3803],{"class":86},[47,135292,102],{"class":61},[47,135294,455],{"class":65},[47,135296,102],{"class":61},[47,135298,309],{"class":86},[47,135300,1769],{"class":445},[47,135302,309],{"class":86},[47,135304,62],{"class":61},[47,135306,9913],{"class":65},[47,135308,102],{"class":61},[47,135310,3816],{"class":86},[47,135312,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135314,83],{"class":82},[47,135316,87],{"class":86},[47,135318,102],{"class":61},[47,135320,62],{"class":61},[47,135322,94],{"class":86},[47,135324,133644],{"class":90},[47,135326,87],{"class":86},[47,135328,7986],{"class":90},[47,135330,1879],{"class":86},[20,135332,48684,135333,135335],{},[15,135334,2233],{}," is an integer.",[20,135337,1482],{},[38,135339,135341],{"className":40,"code":135340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135342,135343,135371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135344,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135346,7955],{"class":53},[47,135348,58],{"class":57},[47,135350,3803],{"class":86},[47,135352,102],{"class":61},[47,135354,455],{"class":65},[47,135356,102],{"class":61},[47,135358,309],{"class":86},[47,135360,1769],{"class":445},[47,135362,309],{"class":86},[47,135364,62],{"class":61},[47,135366,9913],{"class":65},[47,135368,102],{"class":61},[47,135370,3816],{"class":86},[47,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135374,83],{"class":82},[47,135376,87],{"class":86},[47,135378,102],{"class":61},[47,135380,62],{"class":61},[47,135382,94],{"class":86},[47,135384,133644],{"class":90},[47,135386,87],{"class":86},[47,135388,40034],{"class":82},[47,135390,87],{"class":86},[47,135392,3622],{"class":1570},[47,135394,309],{"class":86},[47,135396,6145],{"class":90},[47,135398,1958],{"class":86},[20,135400,135401,135402,94],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[455,135403,25857,135405],{"href":135404},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135406,135407],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[469,135409,135411,135412,135414],{"id":135410},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135413,133567],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135416,4707],{},[38,135418,135420],{"className":40,"code":135419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135421,135422,135454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135425,4251],{"class":53},[47,135427,58],{"class":57},[47,135429,3803],{"class":86},[47,135431,102],{"class":61},[47,135433,105],{"class":65},[47,135435,102],{"class":61},[47,135437,309],{"class":86},[47,135439,62],{"class":61},[47,135441,12371],{"class":65},[47,135443,102],{"class":61},[47,135445,309],{"class":86},[47,135447,62],{"class":61},[47,135449,133625],{"class":65},[47,135451,102],{"class":61},[47,135453,3816],{"class":86},[47,135455,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135457,2407],{"class":53},[47,135459,58],{"class":57},[47,135461,6348],{"class":53},[47,135463,94],{"class":86},[47,135465,133644],{"class":90},[47,135467,87],{"class":86},[47,135469,102],{"class":61},[47,135471,62],{"class":61},[47,135473,286],{"class":86},[20,135475,135476,135478],{},[15,135477,133567],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135480,10982],{},[38,135482,135484],{"className":40,"code":135483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135485,135486,135518,135538,135542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135487,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135489,4251],{"class":53},[47,135491,58],{"class":57},[47,135493,3803],{"class":86},[47,135495,102],{"class":61},[47,135497,105],{"class":65},[47,135499,102],{"class":61},[47,135501,309],{"class":86},[47,135503,62],{"class":61},[47,135505,12371],{"class":65},[47,135507,102],{"class":61},[47,135509,309],{"class":86},[47,135511,62],{"class":61},[47,135513,133625],{"class":65},[47,135515,102],{"class":61},[47,135517,3816],{"class":86},[47,135519,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135521,2407],{"class":53},[47,135523,58],{"class":57},[47,135525,62],{"class":61},[47,135527,62],{"class":61},[47,135529,94],{"class":86},[47,135531,133644],{"class":90},[47,135533,87],{"class":86},[47,135535,4294],{"class":90},[47,135537,286],{"class":86},[47,135539,135540],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,135541,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,135543,135544,135546,135548,135550],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,135545,83],{"class":82},[47,135547,87],{"class":86},[47,135549,2442],{"class":90},[47,135551,286],{"class":86},[469,135553,135555],{"id":135554},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,135557,135559],{"className":40,"code":135558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135560,135561,135593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135562,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135564,4251],{"class":53},[47,135566,58],{"class":57},[47,135568,3803],{"class":86},[47,135570,102],{"class":61},[47,135572,6762],{"class":65},[47,135574,102],{"class":61},[47,135576,309],{"class":86},[47,135578,62],{"class":61},[47,135580,905],{"class":65},[47,135582,102],{"class":61},[47,135584,309],{"class":86},[47,135586,62],{"class":61},[47,135588,936],{"class":65},[47,135590,102],{"class":61},[47,135592,3816],{"class":86},[47,135594,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135596,83],{"class":82},[47,135598,87],{"class":86},[47,135600,6452],{"class":61},[47,135602,94],{"class":86},[47,135604,133644],{"class":90},[47,135606,87],{"class":86},[47,135608,4294],{"class":90},[47,135610,1879],{"class":86},[20,135612,814],{},[38,135614,135616],{"className":40,"code":135615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,135617,135618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135619,135620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135621,135615],{"class":53},[20,135623,135624,135625,6808],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135626,133712],{},[469,135628,135630,135631,131835],{"id":135629},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135632,133567],{},[38,135634,135636],{"className":40,"code":135635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135637,135638,135670,135688,135692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135641,4251],{"class":53},[47,135643,58],{"class":57},[47,135645,3803],{"class":86},[47,135647,102],{"class":61},[47,135649,455],{"class":65},[47,135651,102],{"class":61},[47,135653,309],{"class":86},[47,135655,62],{"class":61},[47,135657,2014],{"class":65},[47,135659,102],{"class":61},[47,135661,309],{"class":86},[47,135663,62],{"class":61},[47,135665,9913],{"class":65},[47,135667,102],{"class":61},[47,135669,3816],{"class":86},[47,135671,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135673,102],{"class":43502},[47,135675,2198],{"class":43506},[47,135677,102],{"class":43502},[47,135679,94],{"class":86},[47,135681,133644],{"class":90},[47,135683,87],{"class":86},[47,135685,4294],{"class":90},[47,135687,286],{"class":86},[47,135689,135690],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,135691,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,135693,135694,135696,135698,135700],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,135695,83],{"class":82},[47,135697,87],{"class":86},[47,135699,4294],{"class":90},[47,135701,286],{"class":86},[20,135703,814],{},[38,135705,135706],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,135707,135708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135709,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135711,4080],{"class":86},[47,135713,3479],{"class":61},[47,135715,455],{"class":65},[47,135717,3479],{"class":61},[47,135719,309],{"class":86},[47,135721,3474],{"class":61},[47,135723,2014],{"class":65},[47,135725,3479],{"class":61},[47,135727,309],{"class":86},[47,135729,3474],{"class":61},[47,135731,9913],{"class":65},[47,135733,3479],{"class":61},[47,135735,3816],{"class":86},[20,135737,135738,135739,135741],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135740,133567],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[149,135743,135745,135747,135748],{"id":135744},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135746,133567],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135749,2236],{},[20,135751,10765,135752,837,135754,135756],{},[15,135753,133567],{},[15,135755,2236],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[469,135758,144,135760,135762],{"id":135759},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135761,2236],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,135764,135766],{"className":40,"code":135765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135767,135768,135781,135794,135814,135818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135769,135770,135773,135775,135777,135779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135771,135772],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135774,58],{"class":57},[47,135776,62],{"class":61},[47,135778,35042],{"class":65},[47,135780,69],{"class":61},[47,135782,135783,135786,135788,135790,135792],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135784,135785],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135787,58],{"class":57},[47,135789,62],{"class":61},[47,135791,89905],{"class":65},[47,135793,69],{"class":61},[47,135795,135796,135798,135800,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,135797,2407],{"class":53},[47,135799,58],{"class":57},[47,135801,135802],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135804,2236],{"class":57},[47,135806,62],{"class":61},[47,135808,62],{"class":61},[47,135810,2633],{"class":57},[47,135812,135813],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135815,135816],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,135817,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,135819,135820,135822,135824,135826],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,135821,83],{"class":82},[47,135823,87],{"class":86},[47,135825,2442],{"class":90},[47,135827,286],{"class":86},[20,135829,814],{},[38,135831,135833],{"className":40,"code":135832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,135834,135835],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135836,135837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135838,135832],{"class":53},[469,135840,144,135842,135844],{"id":135841},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135843,133567],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,135846,135848],{"className":40,"code":135847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135849,135850,135892,135912,135916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135851,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866,135868,135871,135873,135875,135877,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135853,4251],{"class":53},[47,135855,58],{"class":57},[47,135857,3803],{"class":86},[47,135859,102],{"class":61},[47,135861,105],{"class":65},[47,135863,102],{"class":61},[47,135865,309],{"class":86},[47,135867,62],{"class":61},[47,135869,135870],{"class":65},"makes",[47,135872,102],{"class":61},[47,135874,309],{"class":86},[47,135876,62],{"class":61},[47,135878,135879],{"class":65},"this",[47,135881,102],{"class":61},[47,135883,309],{"class":86},[47,135885,62],{"class":61},[47,135887,134066],{"class":65},[47,135889,102],{"class":61},[47,135891,3816],{"class":86},[47,135893,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135895,2407],{"class":53},[47,135897,58],{"class":57},[47,135899,62],{"class":61},[47,135901,62],{"class":61},[47,135903,94],{"class":86},[47,135905,133644],{"class":90},[47,135907,87],{"class":86},[47,135909,4294],{"class":90},[47,135911,286],{"class":86},[47,135913,135914],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,135915,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,135917,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,135919,83],{"class":82},[47,135921,87],{"class":86},[47,135923,2442],{"class":90},[47,135925,286],{"class":86},[20,135927,814],{},[38,135929,135931],{"className":40,"code":135930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135932,135933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135934,135935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135936,135930],{"class":53},[20,135938,135939,135941],{},[15,135940,133567],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[162,135943,135944,135947,135950],{},[165,135945,135946],{},"You already have a list of strings",[165,135948,135949],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[165,135951,135952,135953,135955],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135954,2236],{}," operators",[20,135957,1702,135958,94],{},[455,135959,135961],{"href":135960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[149,135963,135965],{"id":135964},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135967,9049,135968,135970],{},[15,135969,133567],{}," is not working, check these first:",[162,135972,135973,135976,135981,135990,135996],{},[165,135974,135975],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[165,135977,135978,135979],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135980,3958],{},[165,135982,135983,135984,11267,135987],{},"You may have written ",[15,135985,135986],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135988,135989],{},"string.join(...)",[165,135991,135992,135993,135995],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135994,133567],{}," to change the original iterable",[165,135997,135998],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136000,94545],{},[38,136002,136004],{"className":40,"code":136003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136005,136006,136020,136030,136054,136094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136007,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136009,83],{"class":82},[47,136011,87],{"class":86},[47,136013,1872],{"class":1570},[47,136015,87],{"class":86},[47,136017,7986],{"class":90},[47,136019,1879],{"class":86},[47,136021,136022,136024,136026,136028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136023,83],{"class":82},[47,136025,87],{"class":86},[47,136027,7986],{"class":90},[47,136029,286],{"class":86},[47,136031,136032,136034,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136033,83],{"class":82},[47,136035,3163],{"class":86},[47,136037,1872],{"class":1570},[47,136039,87],{"class":86},[47,136041,23487],{"class":90},[47,136043,1696],{"class":86},[47,136045,4057],{"class":752},[47,136047,6140],{"class":90},[47,136049,1613],{"class":752},[47,136051,6145],{"class":90},[47,136053,4068],{"class":86},[47,136055,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136057,83],{"class":82},[47,136059,87],{"class":86},[47,136061,3479],{"class":61},[47,136063,3474],{"class":61},[47,136065,94],{"class":86},[47,136067,133644],{"class":90},[47,136069,3163],{"class":86},[47,136071,3479],{"class":61},[47,136073,455],{"class":65},[47,136075,3479],{"class":61},[47,136077,309],{"class":86},[47,136079,3474],{"class":61},[47,136081,2014],{"class":65},[47,136083,3479],{"class":61},[47,136085,309],{"class":86},[47,136087,3474],{"class":61},[47,136089,9913],{"class":65},[47,136091,3479],{"class":61},[47,136093,3176],{"class":86},[47,136095,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104,136106,136108,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120,136122,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,136097,83],{"class":82},[47,136099,87],{"class":86},[47,136101,3479],{"class":61},[47,136103,2366],{"class":65},[47,136105,3479],{"class":61},[47,136107,94],{"class":86},[47,136109,133644],{"class":90},[47,136111,87],{"class":86},[47,136113,40034],{"class":82},[47,136115,87],{"class":86},[47,136117,3622],{"class":1570},[47,136119,309],{"class":86},[47,136121,3803],{"class":86},[47,136123,1598],{"class":445},[47,136125,309],{"class":86},[47,136127,1769],{"class":445},[47,136129,309],{"class":86},[47,136131,2630],{"class":445},[47,136133,37440],{"class":86},[20,136135,136136],{},"What these checks do:",[162,136138,136139,136147,136153,136159,136168],{},[165,136140,136141,136144,136145,8272],{},[15,136142,136143],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136146,7986],{},[165,136148,136149,136152],{},[15,136150,136151],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[165,136154,136155,136158],{},[15,136156,136157],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[165,136160,136161,136164,136165,136167],{},[15,136162,136163],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136166,133567],{}," behavior",[165,136169,136170,136173],{},[15,136171,136172],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[149,136175,1962],{"id":1961},[469,136177,1966,136179,136181],{"id":136178},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136180,133567],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136183,136184,136185,136187,136188,94],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136186,133567],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136189,136190],{},"map(str, values)",[469,136192,1966,136194,57333],{"id":136193},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136195,133567],{},[20,136197,136198],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[469,136200,2049,136202,62803],{"id":136201},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136203,133567],{},[20,136205,42327,136206,136208],{},[15,136207,133567],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[469,136210,5323,136212,40135],{"id":136211},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136213,136214],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136216,136217],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[469,136219,136221,136222,136224,136225,2037],{"id":136220},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136223,3182],{}," when using ",[15,136226,133567],{},[20,136228,136229],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[149,136231,2062],{"id":2061},[162,136233,136234,136239,136245,136251,136257],{},[165,136235,136236],{},[455,136237,136238],{"href":135960},"How to join strings in Python",[165,136240,136241],{},[455,136242,1164,136243,1168],{"href":129174},[15,136244,60701],{},[165,136246,136247],{},[455,136248,3755,136249,3688],{"href":42350},[15,136250,47857],{},[165,136252,136253],{},[455,136254,30524,136255],{"href":135404},[15,136256,135407],{},[165,136258,136259],{},[455,136260,458],{"href":457},[20,136262,97515,136263,136265],{},[15,136264,133567],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2093,136267,136268],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":136270},[136271,136272,136274,136277,136284,136294,136302,136312,136319,136320,136332],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":133684,"depth":72,"text":136273},"What join() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":136275},[136276],{"id":49182,"depth":79,"text":49183},{"id":122050,"depth":72,"text":122051,"children":136278},[136279,136280,136281,136282],{"id":134031,"depth":79,"text":134032},{"id":134123,"depth":79,"text":134124},{"id":134224,"depth":79,"text":134225},{"id":134333,"depth":79,"text":136283},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134435,"depth":72,"text":134436,"children":136285},[136286,136288,136290,136292],{"id":134442,"depth":79,"text":136287},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134509,"depth":79,"text":136289},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134598,"depth":79,"text":136291},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134684,"depth":79,"text":136293},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134759,"depth":72,"text":134760,"children":136295},[136296,136297,136298,136300],{"id":134768,"depth":79,"text":134769},{"id":134851,"depth":79,"text":134852},{"id":135005,"depth":79,"text":136299},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135177,"depth":79,"text":136301},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135264,"depth":72,"text":136303,"children":136304},"Common errors with join()",[136305,136307,136309,136310],{"id":135273,"depth":79,"text":136306},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135410,"depth":79,"text":136308},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135554,"depth":79,"text":135555},{"id":135629,"depth":79,"text":136311},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135744,"depth":72,"text":136313,"children":136314},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136315,136317],{"id":135759,"depth":79,"text":136316},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135841,"depth":79,"text":136318},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135964,"depth":72,"text":135965},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":136321},[136322,136324,136326,136328,136330],{"id":136178,"depth":79,"text":136323},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136193,"depth":79,"text":136325},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136201,"depth":79,"text":136327},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136211,"depth":79,"text":136329},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136220,"depth":79,"text":136331},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133559,"description":136333},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136340,"title":136341,"body":136342,"description":137909,"extension":2138,"meta":137910,"navigation":75,"path":137911,"seo":137912,"stem":137913,"__hash__":137914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136343,"toc":137876},[136344,136349,136354,136356,136370,136415,136422,136427,136432,136434,136450,136459,136461,136463,136478,136480,136490,136492,136554,136556,136559,136620,136622,136638,136640,136653,136656,136703,136705,136711,136714,136717,136777,136785,136871,136875,136880,136882,136896,136899,136984,136987,137045,137056,137111,137113,137120,137126,137132,137176,137179,137226,137228,137230,137237,137239,137270,137273,137275,137306,137310,137313,137315,137355,137357,137400,137405,137410,137412,137439,137444,137447,137496,137500,137503,137578,137589,137592,137649,137656,137662,137670,137675,137682,137689,137707,137709,137763,137771,137773,137778,137781,137787,137793,137798,137801,137807,137813,137820,137828,137830,137873],[10,136345,13,136347,18],{"id":136346},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136348,1266],{},[20,136350,22,136351,136353],{},[15,136352,1266],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136355,24264],{},[162,136357,136358,136361,136364,136367],{},[165,136359,136360],{},"convert text to lowercase",[165,136362,136363],{},"compare text without case differences",[165,136365,136366],{},"clean up user input",[165,136368,136369],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,136371,136373],{"className":40,"code":136372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136374,136375,136388,136402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136376,136377,136379,136381,136383,136386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136378,54],{"class":53},[47,136380,58],{"class":57},[47,136382,62],{"class":61},[47,136384,136385],{"class":65},"Hello WORLD",[47,136387,69],{"class":61},[47,136389,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136391,2407],{"class":53},[47,136393,58],{"class":57},[47,136395,1693],{"class":53},[47,136397,94],{"class":86},[47,136399,1300],{"class":90},[47,136401,8817],{"class":86},[47,136403,136404,136406,136408,136410,136412],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136405,83],{"class":82},[47,136407,87],{"class":86},[47,136409,2442],{"class":90},[47,136411,1696],{"class":86},[47,136413,136414],{"class":113},"  # hello world\n",[20,136416,136417,89128,136419,136421],{},[3922,136418,83986],{},[15,136420,1266],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[149,136423,152,136425,155],{"id":136424},"what-lower-does",[15,136426,1266],{},[20,136428,136429,136431],{},[15,136430,1266],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136433,13230],{},[162,136435,136436,136441,136444,136447],{},[165,136437,136438,136440],{},[15,136439,1266],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[165,136442,136443],{},"It works on string objects",[165,136445,136446],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[165,136448,136449],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136451,125257,136452,136456,136457,94],{},[455,136453,136455],{"href":136454},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[455,136458,51147],{"href":457},[149,136460,261],{"id":260},[20,136462,2336],{},[38,136464,136466],{"className":40,"code":136465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,136467,136468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136471,274],{"class":53},[47,136473,94],{"class":86},[47,136475,1300],{"class":90},[47,136477,8817],{"class":86},[20,136479,43824],{},[162,136481,136482,136484,136487],{},[165,136483,97693],{},[165,136485,136486],{},"You call it directly on a string",[165,136488,136489],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136491,183],{},[38,136493,136495],{"className":40,"code":136494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136496,136497,136520,136524,136537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136508,136510,136512,136514,136517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136500,83],{"class":82},[47,136502,87],{"class":86},[47,136504,102],{"class":61},[47,136506,136507],{"class":65},"HELLO",[47,136509,102],{"class":61},[47,136511,94],{"class":86},[47,136513,1300],{"class":90},[47,136515,136516],{"class":86},"())",[47,136518,136519],{"class":113},"  # hello\n",[47,136521,136522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136523,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136525,136526,136528,136530,136532,136535],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136527,193],{"class":53},[47,136529,58],{"class":57},[47,136531,62],{"class":61},[47,136533,136534],{"class":65},"PyThOn",[47,136536,69],{"class":61},[47,136538,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136540,83],{"class":82},[47,136542,87],{"class":86},[47,136544,214],{"class":90},[47,136546,94],{"class":86},[47,136548,1300],{"class":90},[47,136550,136516],{"class":86},[47,136552,136553],{"class":113},"  # python\n",[149,136555,11651],{"id":11650},[20,136557,136558],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,136560,136562],{"className":40,"code":136561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136563,136564,136576,136580,136595,136599,136610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136565,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136567,54],{"class":53},[47,136569,58],{"class":57},[47,136571,62],{"class":61},[47,136573,136385],{"class":65},[47,136575,69],{"class":61},[47,136577,136578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136579,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136581,136582,136585,136587,136589,136591,136593],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136583,136584],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136586,58],{"class":57},[47,136588,1693],{"class":53},[47,136590,94],{"class":86},[47,136592,1300],{"class":90},[47,136594,8817],{"class":86},[47,136596,136597],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136598,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136600,136601,136603,136605,136608],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,136602,83],{"class":82},[47,136604,87],{"class":86},[47,136606,136607],{"class":90},"lower_text",[47,136609,286],{"class":86},[47,136611,136612,136614,136616,136618],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,136613,83],{"class":82},[47,136615,87],{"class":86},[47,136617,91],{"class":90},[47,136619,286],{"class":86},[20,136621,814],{},[38,136623,136625],{"className":40,"code":136624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136626,136627,136631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136628,136629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136630,134500],{"class":53},[47,136632,136633,136635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136634,131901],{"class":53},[47,136636,136637],{"class":34629},"WORLD\n",[20,136639,24784],{},[162,136641,136642,136647],{},[165,136643,136644,136646],{},[15,136645,1266],{}," returns the lowercase result",[165,136648,136649,136650,136652],{},"the original ",[15,136651,91],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136654,136655],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,136657,136659],{"className":40,"code":136658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136660,136661,136673,136687,136691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136662,136663,136665,136667,136669,136671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136664,54],{"class":53},[47,136666,58],{"class":57},[47,136668,62],{"class":61},[47,136670,136385],{"class":65},[47,136672,69],{"class":61},[47,136674,136675,136677,136679,136681,136683,136685],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136676,54],{"class":53},[47,136678,58],{"class":57},[47,136680,1693],{"class":53},[47,136682,94],{"class":86},[47,136684,1300],{"class":90},[47,136686,8817],{"class":86},[47,136688,136689],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136690,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136692,136693,136695,136697,136699,136701],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136694,83],{"class":82},[47,136696,87],{"class":86},[47,136698,91],{"class":90},[47,136700,1696],{"class":86},[47,136702,136414],{"class":113},[149,136704,700],{"id":699},[20,136706,136707,22152,136709,94],{},[15,136708,1266],{},[3922,136710,274],{},[20,136712,136713],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136715,136716],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,136718,136720],{"className":40,"code":136719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136721,136722,136736,136740,136763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136723,136724,136727,136729,136731,136734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136725,136726],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,136728,58],{"class":57},[47,136730,62],{"class":61},[47,136732,136733],{"class":65},"YES",[47,136735,69],{"class":61},[47,136737,136738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136739,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136741,136742,136744,136747,136749,136751,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136743,723],{"class":752},[47,136745,136746],{"class":53}," answer",[47,136748,94],{"class":86},[47,136750,1300],{"class":90},[47,136752,7541],{"class":86},[47,136754,6587],{"class":57},[47,136756,62],{"class":61},[47,136758,8832],{"class":65},[47,136760,102],{"class":61},[47,136762,795],{"class":86},[47,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136766,776],{"class":82},[47,136768,87],{"class":86},[47,136770,102],{"class":61},[47,136772,97002],{"class":65},[47,136774,102],{"class":61},[47,136776,286],{"class":86},[20,136778,136779,136780,3062],{},"This is especially useful with ",[455,136781,136782,136783,2481],{"href":8395},"the ",[15,136784,3135],{},[38,136786,136788],{"className":40,"code":136787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136789,136790,136809,136813,136835,136850,136856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136791,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802,136805,136807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136793,136726],{"class":53},[47,136795,58],{"class":57},[47,136797,8418],{"class":82},[47,136799,87],{"class":86},[47,136801,102],{"class":61},[47,136803,136804],{"class":65},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136806,102],{"class":61},[47,136808,286],{"class":86},[47,136810,136811],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136812,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136814,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136816,723],{"class":752},[47,136818,136746],{"class":53},[47,136820,94],{"class":86},[47,136822,1300],{"class":90},[47,136824,7541],{"class":86},[47,136826,6587],{"class":57},[47,136828,62],{"class":61},[47,136830,8832],{"class":65},[47,136832,102],{"class":61},[47,136834,795],{"class":86},[47,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136846,136848],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136838,776],{"class":82},[47,136840,87],{"class":86},[47,136842,102],{"class":61},[47,136844,136845],{"class":65},"You typed yes",[47,136847,102],{"class":61},[47,136849,286],{"class":86},[47,136851,136852,136854],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,136853,792],{"class":752},[47,136855,795],{"class":86},[47,136857,136858,136860,136862,136864,136867,136869],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,136859,776],{"class":82},[47,136861,87],{"class":86},[47,136863,102],{"class":61},[47,136865,136866],{"class":65},"You typed something else",[47,136868,102],{"class":61},[47,136870,286],{"class":86},[149,136872,136874],{"id":136873},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136876,136877,136879],{},[15,136878,1266],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136881,7518],{},[162,136883,136884,136887,136890,136893],{},[165,136885,136886],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[165,136888,136889],{},"Make text matching easier",[165,136891,136892],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[165,136894,136895],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136897,136898],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,136900,136902],{"className":40,"code":136901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136903,136904,136922,136926,136948,136963,136969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136905,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918,136920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136907,45131],{"class":53},[47,136909,58],{"class":57},[47,136911,8418],{"class":82},[47,136913,87],{"class":86},[47,136915,102],{"class":61},[47,136917,45142],{"class":65},[47,136919,102],{"class":61},[47,136921,286],{"class":86},[47,136923,136924],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136925,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,136927,136928,136930,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,136929,723],{"class":752},[47,136931,36027],{"class":53},[47,136933,94],{"class":86},[47,136935,1300],{"class":90},[47,136937,7541],{"class":86},[47,136939,6587],{"class":57},[47,136941,62],{"class":61},[47,136943,13288],{"class":65},[47,136945,102],{"class":61},[47,136947,795],{"class":86},[47,136949,136950,136952,136954,136956,136959,136961],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,136951,776],{"class":82},[47,136953,87],{"class":86},[47,136955,102],{"class":61},[47,136957,136958],{"class":65},"Nice choice!",[47,136960,102],{"class":61},[47,136962,286],{"class":86},[47,136964,136965,136967],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,136966,792],{"class":752},[47,136968,795],{"class":86},[47,136970,136971,136973,136975,136977,136980,136982],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,136972,776],{"class":82},[47,136974,87],{"class":86},[47,136976,102],{"class":61},[47,136978,136979],{"class":65},"Got it.",[47,136981,102],{"class":61},[47,136983,286],{"class":86},[20,136985,136986],{},"Example: simple search",[38,136988,136990],{"className":40,"code":136989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136991,136992,137005,137009,137030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136995,90172],{"class":53},[47,136997,58],{"class":57},[47,136999,62],{"class":61},[47,137001,137002],{"class":65},"Python Is Fun",[47,137004,69],{"class":61},[47,137006,137007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137008,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137010,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021,137024,137026,137028],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137012,723],{"class":752},[47,137014,62],{"class":61},[47,137016,42],{"class":65},[47,137018,102],{"class":61},[47,137020,1690],{"class":57},[47,137022,137023],{"class":53}," message",[47,137025,94],{"class":86},[47,137027,1300],{"class":90},[47,137029,21772],{"class":86},[47,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137041,137043],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137033,776],{"class":82},[47,137035,87],{"class":86},[47,137037,102],{"class":61},[47,137039,137040],{"class":65},"Found it",[47,137042,102],{"class":61},[47,137044,286],{"class":86},[20,137046,137047,137048,137050,137051,3062],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137049,1266],{}," is often used with ",[455,137052,137054],{"href":137053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137055,41828],{},[38,137057,137059],{"className":40,"code":137058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137060,137061,137074,137093,137097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137062,137063,137065,137067,137069,137072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137064,193],{"class":53},[47,137066,58],{"class":57},[47,137068,62],{"class":61},[47,137070,137071],{"class":65},"  ALICE  ",[47,137073,69],{"class":61},[47,137075,137076,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137077,137078],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,137080,58],{"class":57},[47,137082,36168],{"class":53},[47,137084,94],{"class":86},[47,137086,8810],{"class":90},[47,137088,1303],{"class":86},[47,137090,1300],{"class":90},[47,137092,8817],{"class":86},[47,137094,137095],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137096,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137098,137099,137101,137103,137106,137108],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137100,83],{"class":82},[47,137102,87],{"class":86},[47,137104,137105],{"class":90},"clean_name",[47,137107,1696],{"class":86},[47,137109,137110],{"class":113},"  # alice\n",[149,137112,15776],{"id":15775},[20,137114,137115,137116,137119],{},"Strings are ",[3922,137117,137118],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137121,137122,137123,137125],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137124,1266],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137127,137128,137129,137131],{},"So this does ",[3922,137130,4813],{}," update the original variable:",[38,137133,137135],{"className":40,"code":137134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137136,137137,137149,137159,137163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137138,137139,137141,137143,137145,137147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137140,54],{"class":53},[47,137142,58],{"class":57},[47,137144,62],{"class":61},[47,137146,136507],{"class":65},[47,137148,69],{"class":61},[47,137150,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137152,91],{"class":53},[47,137154,94],{"class":86},[47,137156,1300],{"class":90},[47,137158,8817],{"class":86},[47,137160,137161],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137162,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137166,83],{"class":82},[47,137168,87],{"class":86},[47,137170,91],{"class":90},[47,137172,1696],{"class":86},[47,137174,137175],{"class":113},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137177,137178],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,137180,137182],{"className":40,"code":137181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137183,137184,137196,137210,137214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137185,137186,137188,137190,137192,137194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137187,54],{"class":53},[47,137189,58],{"class":57},[47,137191,62],{"class":61},[47,137193,136507],{"class":65},[47,137195,69],{"class":61},[47,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137206,137208],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137199,54],{"class":53},[47,137201,58],{"class":57},[47,137203,1693],{"class":53},[47,137205,94],{"class":86},[47,137207,1300],{"class":90},[47,137209,8817],{"class":86},[47,137211,137212],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137213,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137215,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137217,83],{"class":82},[47,137219,87],{"class":86},[47,137221,91],{"class":90},[47,137223,1696],{"class":86},[47,137225,136519],{"class":113},[149,137227,1425],{"id":1424},[469,137229,25865],{"id":25864},[20,137231,137232,137233,11267,137235,94],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137234,1300],{},[15,137236,1266],{},[20,137238,1783],{},[38,137240,137242],{"className":40,"code":137241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137243,137244,137256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137247,54],{"class":53},[47,137249,58],{"class":57},[47,137251,62],{"class":61},[47,137253,136507],{"class":65},[47,137255,69],{"class":61},[47,137257,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137259,83],{"class":82},[47,137261,87],{"class":86},[47,137263,91],{"class":90},[47,137265,94],{"class":86},[47,137267,1300],{"class":24927},[47,137269,286],{"class":86},[20,137271,137272],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137274,1795],{},[38,137276,137278],{"className":40,"code":137277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137279,137280,137292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137281,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137283,54],{"class":53},[47,137285,58],{"class":57},[47,137287,62],{"class":61},[47,137289,136507],{"class":65},[47,137291,69],{"class":61},[47,137293,137294,137296,137298,137300,137302,137304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137295,83],{"class":82},[47,137297,87],{"class":86},[47,137299,91],{"class":90},[47,137301,94],{"class":86},[47,137303,1300],{"class":90},[47,137305,7370],{"class":86},[469,137307,137309],{"id":137308},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137311,137312],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137314,1783],{},[38,137316,137318],{"className":40,"code":137317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137319,137320,137332,137342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137321,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137323,54],{"class":53},[47,137325,58],{"class":57},[47,137327,62],{"class":61},[47,137329,136507],{"class":65},[47,137331,69],{"class":61},[47,137333,137334,137336,137338,137340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137335,91],{"class":53},[47,137337,94],{"class":86},[47,137339,1300],{"class":90},[47,137341,8817],{"class":86},[47,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350,137352],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137345,83],{"class":82},[47,137347,87],{"class":86},[47,137349,91],{"class":90},[47,137351,1696],{"class":86},[47,137353,137354],{"class":113},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137356,1795],{},[38,137358,137360],{"className":40,"code":137359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137361,137362,137374,137388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137365,54],{"class":53},[47,137367,58],{"class":57},[47,137369,62],{"class":61},[47,137371,136507],{"class":65},[47,137373,69],{"class":61},[47,137375,137376,137378,137380,137382,137384,137386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137377,54],{"class":53},[47,137379,58],{"class":57},[47,137381,1693],{"class":53},[47,137383,94],{"class":86},[47,137385,1300],{"class":90},[47,137387,8817],{"class":86},[47,137389,137390,137392,137394,137396,137398],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137391,83],{"class":82},[47,137393,87],{"class":86},[47,137395,91],{"class":90},[47,137397,1696],{"class":86},[47,137399,136519],{"class":113},[469,137401,831,137403,1522],{"id":137402},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137404,1266],{},[20,137406,137407,137409],{},[15,137408,1266],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137411,1783],{},[38,137413,137415],{"className":40,"code":137414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137416,137417,137425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137418,137419,137421,137423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137420,2394],{"class":53},[47,137422,58],{"class":57},[47,137424,1540],{"class":445},[47,137426,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137428,83],{"class":82},[47,137430,87],{"class":86},[47,137432,2417],{"class":90},[47,137434,94],{"class":86},[47,137436,1300],{"class":90},[47,137438,7370],{"class":86},[20,137440,137441,137442,33776],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137443,1266],{},[20,137445,137446],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,137448,137450],{"className":40,"code":137449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137451,137452,137464,137468,137482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137453,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137455,54],{"class":53},[47,137457,58],{"class":57},[47,137459,62],{"class":61},[47,137461,136507],{"class":65},[47,137463,69],{"class":61},[47,137465,137466],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137467,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137469,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478,137480],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137471,83],{"class":82},[47,137473,87],{"class":86},[47,137475,1872],{"class":1570},[47,137477,87],{"class":86},[47,137479,91],{"class":90},[47,137481,1879],{"class":86},[47,137483,137484,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137485,83],{"class":82},[47,137487,87],{"class":86},[47,137489,91],{"class":90},[47,137491,94],{"class":86},[47,137493,1300],{"class":90},[47,137495,7370],{"class":86},[469,137497,137499],{"id":137498},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137501,137502],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,137504,137506],{"className":40,"code":137505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137507,137508,137521,137525,137542,137557,137563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137509,137510,137512,137514,137516,137519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137511,136726],{"class":53},[47,137513,58],{"class":57},[47,137515,62],{"class":61},[47,137517,137518],{"class":65},"Yes",[47,137520,69],{"class":61},[47,137522,137523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137524,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137526,137527,137529,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137528,723],{"class":752},[47,137530,137531],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137533,4871],{"class":57},[47,137535,62],{"class":61},[47,137537,8832],{"class":65},[47,137539,102],{"class":61},[47,137541,795],{"class":86},[47,137543,137544,137546,137548,137550,137553,137555],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137545,776],{"class":82},[47,137547,87],{"class":86},[47,137549,102],{"class":61},[47,137551,137552],{"class":65},"Match",[47,137554,102],{"class":61},[47,137556,286],{"class":86},[47,137558,137559,137561],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,137560,792],{"class":752},[47,137562,795],{"class":86},[47,137564,137565,137567,137569,137571,137574,137576],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,137566,776],{"class":82},[47,137568,87],{"class":86},[47,137570,102],{"class":61},[47,137572,137573],{"class":65},"No match",[47,137575,102],{"class":61},[47,137577,286],{"class":86},[20,137579,29238,137580,837,137583,137586,137587,94],{},[15,137581,137582],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137584,137585],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137588,137573],{},[20,137590,137591],{},"Better:",[38,137593,137595],{"className":40,"code":137594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137596,137597,137609,137613,137635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137598,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137600,136726],{"class":53},[47,137602,58],{"class":57},[47,137604,62],{"class":61},[47,137606,137518],{"class":65},[47,137608,69],{"class":61},[47,137610,137611],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137612,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137614,137615,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137616,723],{"class":752},[47,137618,136746],{"class":53},[47,137620,94],{"class":86},[47,137622,1300],{"class":90},[47,137624,7541],{"class":86},[47,137626,6587],{"class":57},[47,137628,62],{"class":61},[47,137630,8832],{"class":65},[47,137632,102],{"class":61},[47,137634,795],{"class":86},[47,137636,137637,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137638,776],{"class":82},[47,137640,87],{"class":86},[47,137642,102],{"class":61},[47,137644,137552],{"class":65},[47,137646,102],{"class":61},[47,137648,286],{"class":86},[469,137650,44385,137652,137655],{"id":137651},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137653,137654],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137657,137658,137659,137661],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137660,1266],{}," is enough.",[20,137663,137664,137665,137667,137668,94],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137666,137654],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137669,1266],{},[20,137671,137672,137673,122761],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137674,1266],{},[149,137676,137678,10760,137680],{"id":137677},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137679,1266],{},[15,137681,128366],{},[20,137683,137684,837,137686,137688],{},[15,137685,1266],{},[15,137687,128366],{}," are very similar.",[162,137690,137691,137696,137701,137704],{},[165,137692,137693,137695],{},[15,137694,1266],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[165,137697,137698,137700],{},[15,137699,128366],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[165,137702,137703],{},"Both return new strings",[165,137705,137706],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137708,183],{},[38,137710,137712],{"className":40,"code":137711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137713,137714,137726,137730,137746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137715,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137717,54],{"class":53},[47,137719,58],{"class":57},[47,137721,62],{"class":61},[47,137723,129206],{"class":65},[47,137725,69],{"class":61},[47,137727,137728],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137729,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,137731,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,137733,83],{"class":82},[47,137735,87],{"class":86},[47,137737,91],{"class":90},[47,137739,94],{"class":86},[47,137741,1300],{"class":90},[47,137743,136516],{"class":86},[47,137745,136414],{"class":113},[47,137747,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,137749,83],{"class":82},[47,137751,87],{"class":86},[47,137753,91],{"class":90},[47,137755,94],{"class":86},[47,137757,34654],{"class":90},[47,137759,136516],{"class":86},[47,137761,137762],{"class":113},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137764,137765,137766,94],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[455,137767,1164,137769,1168],{"href":137768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137770,128366],{},[149,137772,1962],{"id":1961},[469,137774,1966,137776,124835],{"id":137775},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137777,1266],{},[20,137779,137780],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[469,137782,1966,137784,137786],{"id":137783},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137785,1266],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137788,137789,137790,94],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137791,137792],{},"string.lower()",[469,137794,5323,137796,12893],{"id":137795},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137797,1266],{},[20,137799,137800],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[469,137802,2049,137804,137806],{"id":137803},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137805,1266],{}," on user input?",[20,137808,137809,137810,137812],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137811,3135],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[469,137814,2032,137816,837,137818,2037],{"id":137815},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137817,1266],{},[15,137819,137654],{},[20,137821,137822,137824,137825,137827],{},[15,137823,1266],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137826,137654],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[149,137829,2062],{"id":2061},[162,137831,137832,137836,137842,137848,137854,137858,137862,137868],{},[165,137833,137834],{},[455,137835,51147],{"href":457},[165,137837,137838],{},[455,137839,1164,137840,1168],{"href":137768},[15,137841,128366],{},[165,137843,137844],{},[455,137845,1164,137846,1168],{"href":137053},[15,137847,41828],{},[165,137849,137850],{},[455,137851,1164,137852,1168],{"href":130067},[15,137853,124679],{},[165,137855,137856],{},[455,137857,2087],{"href":1705},[165,137859,137860],{},[455,137861,90848],{"href":89857},[165,137863,137864],{},[455,137865,3755,137866,3688],{"href":8395},[15,137867,3135],{},[165,137869,137870],{},[455,137871,137872],{"href":136454},"What is a string in Python?",[2093,137874,137875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":137877},[137878,137880,137881,137882,137883,137884,137885,137894,137896,137908],{"id":136424,"depth":72,"text":137879},"What lower() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":699,"depth":72,"text":700},{"id":136873,"depth":72,"text":136874},{"id":15775,"depth":72,"text":15776},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":137886},[137887,137888,137889,137891,137892],{"id":25864,"depth":79,"text":25865},{"id":137308,"depth":79,"text":137309},{"id":137402,"depth":79,"text":137890},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137498,"depth":79,"text":137499},{"id":137651,"depth":79,"text":137893},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137677,"depth":72,"text":137895},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":137897},[137898,137900,137902,137904,137906],{"id":137775,"depth":79,"text":137899},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137783,"depth":79,"text":137901},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137795,"depth":79,"text":137903},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137803,"depth":79,"text":137905},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137815,"depth":79,"text":137907},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136341,"description":137909},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137916,"title":137917,"body":137918,"description":139467,"extension":2138,"meta":139468,"navigation":75,"path":139469,"seo":139470,"stem":139471,"__hash__":139472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137919,"toc":139428},[137920,137925,137930,137936,137951,137953,138013,138015,138024,138030,138035,138040,138042,138056,138060,138062,138109,138111,138129,138131,138134,138205,138207,138221,138224,138236,138245,138249,138254,138259,138263,138329,138331,138340,138344,138409,138411,138420,138423,138428,138432,138437,138441,138502,138504,138513,138517,138520,138576,138578,138587,138590,138603,138605,138609,138616,138678,138680,138693,138699,138702,138709,138714,138719,138722,138730,138732,138793,138795,138804,138807,138854,138857,138904,138906,138911,138927,138934,138939,138992,138994,139002,139004,139061,139063,139071,139075,139122,139124,139132,139140,139144,139192,139194,139203,139208,139259,139261,139270,139277,139280,139301,139303,139308,139311,139315,139318,139322,139325,139352,139358,139361,139388,139393,139395,139397,139425],[10,137921,13,137923,18],{"id":137922},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137924,124679],{},[20,137926,22,137927,137929],{},[15,137928,124679],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137931,137932,137933,137935],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137934,124679],{},". You will learn:",[162,137937,137938,137942,137945,137948],{},[165,137939,26197,137940,155],{},[15,137941,124679],{},[165,137943,137944],{},"how its syntax works",[165,137946,137947],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[165,137949,137950],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[149,137952,2179],{"id":2178},[38,137954,137956],{"className":40,"code":137955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137957,137958,137971,138003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137959,137960,137962,137964,137966,137969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137961,54],{"class":53},[47,137963,58],{"class":57},[47,137965,62],{"class":61},[47,137967,137968],{"class":65},"I like cats",[47,137970,69],{"class":61},[47,137972,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137990,137992,137994,137996,137999,138001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137974,130324],{"class":53},[47,137976,58],{"class":57},[47,137978,1693],{"class":53},[47,137980,94],{"class":86},[47,137982,35174],{"class":90},[47,137984,87],{"class":86},[47,137986,102],{"class":61},[47,137988,137989],{"class":65},"cats",[47,137991,102],{"class":61},[47,137993,309],{"class":86},[47,137995,62],{"class":61},[47,137997,137998],{"class":65},"dogs",[47,138000,102],{"class":61},[47,138002,286],{"class":86},[47,138004,138005,138007,138009,138011],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138006,83],{"class":82},[47,138008,87],{"class":86},[47,138010,130355],{"class":90},[47,138012,286],{"class":86},[20,138014,814],{},[38,138016,138018],{"className":40,"code":138017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,138019,138020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138021,138022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138023,138017],{"class":53},[20,138025,144,138026,138029],{},[15,138027,138028],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[149,138031,152,138033,155],{"id":138032},"what-replace-does",[15,138034,124679],{},[20,138036,138037,138039],{},[15,138038,124679],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138041,13230],{},[162,138043,138044,138046,138048,138051],{},[165,138045,133733],{},[165,138047,136449],{},[165,138049,138050],{},"It works on exact matches",[165,138052,138053,138054],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138055,41434],{},[20,138057,125257,138058,94],{},[455,138059,458],{"href":457},[149,138061,5610],{"id":5609},[38,138063,138065],{"className":40,"code":138064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138066,138067,138087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138068,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138080,138082,138085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138070,274],{"class":53},[47,138072,94],{"class":86},[47,138074,35174],{"class":90},[47,138076,87],{"class":86},[47,138078,138079],{"class":90},"old",[47,138081,309],{"class":86},[47,138083,138084],{"class":90}," new",[47,138086,286],{"class":86},[47,138088,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138090,274],{"class":53},[47,138092,94],{"class":86},[47,138094,35174],{"class":90},[47,138096,87],{"class":86},[47,138098,138079],{"class":90},[47,138100,309],{"class":86},[47,138102,138084],{"class":90},[47,138104,309],{"class":86},[47,138106,49774],{"class":90},[47,138108,286],{"class":86},[469,138110,17574],{"id":17573},[162,138112,138113,138118,138124],{},[165,138114,138115,138117],{},[15,138116,138079],{}," = the text to find",[165,138119,138120,138123],{},[15,138121,138122],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[165,138125,138126,138128],{},[15,138127,41434],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[149,138130,5966],{"id":5965},[20,138132,138133],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,138135,138137],{"className":40,"code":138136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138138,138139,138151,138181,138185,138195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138140,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138142,54],{"class":53},[47,138144,58],{"class":57},[47,138146,62],{"class":61},[47,138148,137968],{"class":65},[47,138150,69],{"class":61},[47,138152,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138154,130324],{"class":53},[47,138156,58],{"class":57},[47,138158,1693],{"class":53},[47,138160,94],{"class":86},[47,138162,35174],{"class":90},[47,138164,87],{"class":86},[47,138166,102],{"class":61},[47,138168,137989],{"class":65},[47,138170,102],{"class":61},[47,138172,309],{"class":86},[47,138174,62],{"class":61},[47,138176,137998],{"class":65},[47,138178,102],{"class":61},[47,138180,286],{"class":86},[47,138182,138183],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138184,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138186,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138188,83],{"class":82},[47,138190,87],{"class":86},[47,138192,91],{"class":90},[47,138194,286],{"class":86},[47,138196,138197,138199,138201,138203],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,138198,83],{"class":82},[47,138200,87],{"class":86},[47,138202,130355],{"class":90},[47,138204,286],{"class":86},[20,138206,814],{},[38,138208,138210],{"className":40,"code":138209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138211,138212,138217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138213,138214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138215,138216],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,138218,138219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138220,138017],{"class":53},[20,138222,138223],{},"Notice what happened:",[162,138225,138226,138231],{},[165,138227,138228,138230],{},[15,138229,91],{}," did not change",[165,138232,138233,138235],{},[15,138234,130355],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138237,138238,138239,138241,138242,138244],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3922,138240,137118],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138243,124679],{}," return a new string instead.",[149,138246,138248],{"id":138247},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138250,89866,138251,138253],{},[15,138252,124679],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138255,138256,138257,36797],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138258,41434],{},[469,138260,138262],{"id":138261},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,138264,138266],{"className":40,"code":138265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138267,138268,138281,138315,138319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138269,138270,138272,138274,138276,138279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138271,54],{"class":53},[47,138273,58],{"class":57},[47,138275,62],{"class":61},[47,138277,138278],{"class":65},"cat cat cat",[47,138280,69],{"class":61},[47,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138284,2407],{"class":53},[47,138286,58],{"class":57},[47,138288,1693],{"class":53},[47,138290,94],{"class":86},[47,138292,35174],{"class":90},[47,138294,87],{"class":86},[47,138296,102],{"class":61},[47,138298,37223],{"class":65},[47,138300,102],{"class":61},[47,138302,309],{"class":86},[47,138304,62],{"class":61},[47,138306,58297],{"class":65},[47,138308,102],{"class":61},[47,138310,309],{"class":86},[47,138312,5677],{"class":445},[47,138314,286],{"class":86},[47,138316,138317],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138318,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138322,83],{"class":82},[47,138324,87],{"class":86},[47,138326,2442],{"class":90},[47,138328,286],{"class":86},[20,138330,814],{},[38,138332,138334],{"className":40,"code":138333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138335,138336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138337,138338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138339,138333],{"class":53},[469,138341,138343],{"id":138342},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,138345,138347],{"className":40,"code":138346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138348,138349,138361,138395,138399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138352,54],{"class":53},[47,138354,58],{"class":57},[47,138356,62],{"class":61},[47,138358,138278],{"class":65},[47,138360,69],{"class":61},[47,138362,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138364,2407],{"class":53},[47,138366,58],{"class":57},[47,138368,1693],{"class":53},[47,138370,94],{"class":86},[47,138372,35174],{"class":90},[47,138374,87],{"class":86},[47,138376,102],{"class":61},[47,138378,37223],{"class":65},[47,138380,102],{"class":61},[47,138382,309],{"class":86},[47,138384,62],{"class":61},[47,138386,58297],{"class":65},[47,138388,102],{"class":61},[47,138390,309],{"class":86},[47,138392,1769],{"class":445},[47,138394,286],{"class":86},[47,138396,138397],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138398,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138400,138401,138403,138405,138407],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138402,83],{"class":82},[47,138404,87],{"class":86},[47,138406,2442],{"class":90},[47,138408,286],{"class":86},[20,138410,814],{},[38,138412,138414],{"className":40,"code":138413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138415,138416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138417,138418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138419,138413],{"class":53},[20,138421,138422],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138424,138425,138426,94],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[455,138427,128213],{"href":124676},[149,138429,138431],{"id":138430},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138433,138434,138436],{},[15,138435,124679],{}," can also change single characters.",[469,138438,138440],{"id":138439},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,138442,138444],{"className":40,"code":138443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138445,138446,138458,138488,138492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138447,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138449,54],{"class":53},[47,138451,58],{"class":57},[47,138453,62],{"class":61},[47,138455,491],{"class":65},[47,138457,69],{"class":61},[47,138459,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138461,2407],{"class":53},[47,138463,58],{"class":57},[47,138465,1693],{"class":53},[47,138467,94],{"class":86},[47,138469,35174],{"class":90},[47,138471,87],{"class":86},[47,138473,102],{"class":61},[47,138475,455],{"class":65},[47,138477,102],{"class":61},[47,138479,309],{"class":86},[47,138481,62],{"class":61},[47,138483,60643],{"class":65},[47,138485,102],{"class":61},[47,138487,286],{"class":86},[47,138489,138490],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138491,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138493,138494,138496,138498,138500],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138495,83],{"class":82},[47,138497,87],{"class":86},[47,138499,2442],{"class":90},[47,138501,286],{"class":86},[20,138503,814],{},[38,138505,138507],{"className":40,"code":138506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,138508,138509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138510,138511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138512,138506],{"class":53},[469,138514,138516],{"id":138515},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138518,138519],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,138521,138523],{"className":40,"code":138522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138524,138525,138538,138562,138566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138526,138527,138529,138531,138533,138536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138528,54],{"class":53},[47,138530,58],{"class":57},[47,138532,62],{"class":61},[47,138534,138535],{"class":65},"a b c",[47,138537,69],{"class":61},[47,138539,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138541,2407],{"class":53},[47,138543,58],{"class":57},[47,138545,1693],{"class":53},[47,138547,94],{"class":86},[47,138549,35174],{"class":90},[47,138551,87],{"class":86},[47,138553,102],{"class":61},[47,138555,62],{"class":61},[47,138557,309],{"class":86},[47,138559,6306],{"class":61},[47,138561,286],{"class":86},[47,138563,138564],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138565,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138569,83],{"class":82},[47,138571,87],{"class":86},[47,138573,2442],{"class":90},[47,138575,286],{"class":86},[20,138577,814],{},[38,138579,138581],{"className":40,"code":138580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,138582,138583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138584,138585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138586,138580],{"class":53},[20,138588,138589],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138591,138592,138593,138597,138598,138602],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[455,138594,1164,138595,1168],{"href":129174},[15,138596,60701],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[455,138599,1164,138600,1168],{"href":137053},[15,138601,41828],{}," is often a better choice.",[149,138604,1173],{"id":1172},[20,138606,138607,1178],{},[15,138608,124679],{},[20,138610,1181,138611,837,138613,1188],{},[15,138612,113204],{},[15,138614,138615],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,138617,138619],{"className":40,"code":138618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138620,138621,138634,138664,138668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138622,138623,138625,138627,138629,138632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138624,54],{"class":53},[47,138626,58],{"class":57},[47,138628,62],{"class":61},[47,138630,138631],{"class":65},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138633,69],{"class":61},[47,138635,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138637,2407],{"class":53},[47,138639,58],{"class":57},[47,138641,1693],{"class":53},[47,138643,94],{"class":86},[47,138645,35174],{"class":90},[47,138647,87],{"class":86},[47,138649,102],{"class":61},[47,138651,37223],{"class":65},[47,138653,102],{"class":61},[47,138655,309],{"class":86},[47,138657,62],{"class":61},[47,138659,58297],{"class":65},[47,138661,102],{"class":61},[47,138663,286],{"class":86},[47,138665,138666],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138667,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138669,138670,138672,138674,138676],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138671,83],{"class":82},[47,138673,87],{"class":86},[47,138675,2442],{"class":90},[47,138677,286],{"class":86},[20,138679,814],{},[38,138681,138683],{"className":40,"code":138682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138684,138685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138686,138687,138690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138688,138689],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138691,138692],{"class":34629},"CAT\n",[20,138694,138695,138696,138698],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138697,113204],{}," was replaced.",[20,138700,138701],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138703,138704,138705,94],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[455,138706,1164,138707,1168],{"href":1263},[15,138708,1266],{},[149,138710,152,138712,11882],{"id":138711},"what-replace-returns",[15,138713,124679],{},[20,138715,138716,138718],{},[15,138717,124679],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138720,138721],{},"If no match is found:",[162,138723,138724,138727],{},[165,138725,138726],{},"no error happens",[165,138728,138729],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138731,183],{},[38,138733,138735],{"className":40,"code":138734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138736,138737,138749,138779,138783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138738,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138740,54],{"class":53},[47,138742,58],{"class":57},[47,138744,62],{"class":61},[47,138746,386],{"class":65},[47,138748,69],{"class":61},[47,138750,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138752,2407],{"class":53},[47,138754,58],{"class":57},[47,138756,1693],{"class":53},[47,138758,94],{"class":86},[47,138760,35174],{"class":90},[47,138762,87],{"class":86},[47,138764,102],{"class":61},[47,138766,2350],{"class":65},[47,138768,102],{"class":61},[47,138770,309],{"class":86},[47,138772,62],{"class":61},[47,138774,11922],{"class":65},[47,138776,102],{"class":61},[47,138778,286],{"class":86},[47,138780,138781],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138782,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,138786,83],{"class":82},[47,138788,87],{"class":86},[47,138790,2442],{"class":90},[47,138792,286],{"class":86},[20,138794,814],{},[38,138796,138798],{"className":40,"code":138797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,138799,138800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138801,138802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138803,138797],{"class":53},[20,138805,138806],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,138808,138810],{"className":40,"code":138809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138811,138812,138824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138813,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138815,54],{"class":53},[47,138817,58],{"class":57},[47,138819,62],{"class":61},[47,138821,361],{"class":65},[47,138823,69],{"class":61},[47,138825,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138827,130324],{"class":53},[47,138829,58],{"class":57},[47,138831,1693],{"class":53},[47,138833,94],{"class":86},[47,138835,35174],{"class":90},[47,138837,87],{"class":86},[47,138839,102],{"class":61},[47,138841,412],{"class":65},[47,138843,102],{"class":61},[47,138845,309],{"class":86},[47,138847,62],{"class":61},[47,138849,105],{"class":65},[47,138851,102],{"class":61},[47,138853,286],{"class":86},[20,138855,138856],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,138858,138860],{"className":40,"code":138859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138861,138862,138874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138865,54],{"class":53},[47,138867,58],{"class":57},[47,138869,62],{"class":61},[47,138871,361],{"class":65},[47,138873,69],{"class":61},[47,138875,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138877,54],{"class":53},[47,138879,58],{"class":57},[47,138881,1693],{"class":53},[47,138883,94],{"class":86},[47,138885,35174],{"class":90},[47,138887,87],{"class":86},[47,138889,102],{"class":61},[47,138891,412],{"class":65},[47,138893,102],{"class":61},[47,138895,309],{"class":86},[47,138897,62],{"class":61},[47,138899,105],{"class":65},[47,138901,102],{"class":61},[47,138903,286],{"class":86},[149,138905,4700],{"id":4699},[20,138907,138908,138909,3062],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138910,124679],{},[162,138912,138913,138916,138920,138922],{},[165,138914,138915],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[165,138917,8628,138918,131705],{},[15,138919,124679],{},[165,138921,1434],{},[165,138923,1608,138924,138926],{},[15,138925,124679],{}," with regex-based replacements",[469,138928,138930,138931,138933],{"id":138929},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138932,124679],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138935,138936,138937,3062],{},"This does not update ",[15,138938,91],{},[38,138940,138942],{"className":40,"code":138941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138943,138944,138956,138982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138945,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138947,54],{"class":53},[47,138949,58],{"class":57},[47,138951,62],{"class":61},[47,138953,137968],{"class":65},[47,138955,69],{"class":61},[47,138957,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138959,91],{"class":53},[47,138961,94],{"class":86},[47,138963,35174],{"class":90},[47,138965,87],{"class":86},[47,138967,102],{"class":61},[47,138969,137989],{"class":65},[47,138971,102],{"class":61},[47,138973,309],{"class":86},[47,138975,62],{"class":61},[47,138977,137998],{"class":65},[47,138979,102],{"class":61},[47,138981,286],{"class":86},[47,138983,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,138985,83],{"class":82},[47,138987,87],{"class":86},[47,138989,91],{"class":90},[47,138991,286],{"class":86},[20,138993,814],{},[38,138995,138996],{"className":40,"code":138216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138997,138998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138999,139000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139001,138216],{"class":53},[20,139003,10982],{},[38,139005,139007],{"className":40,"code":139006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139008,139009,139021,139051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139010,139011,139013,139015,139017,139019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139012,54],{"class":53},[47,139014,58],{"class":57},[47,139016,62],{"class":61},[47,139018,137968],{"class":65},[47,139020,69],{"class":61},[47,139022,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139024,54],{"class":53},[47,139026,58],{"class":57},[47,139028,1693],{"class":53},[47,139030,94],{"class":86},[47,139032,35174],{"class":90},[47,139034,87],{"class":86},[47,139036,102],{"class":61},[47,139038,137989],{"class":65},[47,139040,102],{"class":61},[47,139042,309],{"class":86},[47,139044,62],{"class":61},[47,139046,137998],{"class":65},[47,139048,102],{"class":61},[47,139050,286],{"class":86},[47,139052,139053,139055,139057,139059],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,139054,83],{"class":82},[47,139056,87],{"class":86},[47,139058,91],{"class":90},[47,139060,286],{"class":86},[20,139062,814],{},[38,139064,139065],{"className":40,"code":138017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139066,139067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139068,139069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139070,138017],{"class":53},[469,139072,139074],{"id":139073},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,139076,139078],{"className":40,"code":139077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139079,139080,139092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139081,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139083,54],{"class":53},[47,139085,58],{"class":57},[47,139087,62],{"class":61},[47,139089,35042],{"class":65},[47,139091,69],{"class":61},[47,139093,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139095,83],{"class":82},[47,139097,87],{"class":86},[47,139099,91],{"class":90},[47,139101,94],{"class":86},[47,139103,35174],{"class":90},[47,139105,87],{"class":86},[47,139107,102],{"class":61},[47,139109,386],{"class":65},[47,139111,102],{"class":61},[47,139113,309],{"class":86},[47,139115,62],{"class":61},[47,139117,90101],{"class":65},[47,139119,102],{"class":61},[47,139121,1879],{"class":86},[20,139123,814],{},[38,139125,139126],{"className":40,"code":89114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139127,139128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139129,139130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139131,89114],{"class":53},[20,139133,139134,139135,837,139137,139139],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139136,64703],{},[15,139138,90583],{}," are not the same.",[469,139141,139143],{"id":139142},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,139145,139147],{"className":40,"code":139146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139148,139149,139162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139150,139151,139153,139155,139157,139160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139152,54],{"class":53},[47,139154,58],{"class":57},[47,139156,62],{"class":61},[47,139158,139159],{"class":65},"red red red",[47,139161,69],{"class":61},[47,139163,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139165,83],{"class":82},[47,139167,87],{"class":86},[47,139169,91],{"class":90},[47,139171,94],{"class":86},[47,139173,35174],{"class":90},[47,139175,87],{"class":86},[47,139177,102],{"class":61},[47,139179,13271],{"class":65},[47,139181,102],{"class":61},[47,139183,309],{"class":86},[47,139185,62],{"class":61},[47,139187,13288],{"class":65},[47,139189,102],{"class":61},[47,139191,1879],{"class":86},[20,139193,814],{},[38,139195,139197],{"className":40,"code":139196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139198,139199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139200,139201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139202,139196],{"class":53},[20,139204,139205,139206,3062],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139207,41434],{},[38,139209,139211],{"className":40,"code":139210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139212,139213,139225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139214,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139216,54],{"class":53},[47,139218,58],{"class":57},[47,139220,62],{"class":61},[47,139222,139159],{"class":65},[47,139224,69],{"class":61},[47,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235,139237,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139228,83],{"class":82},[47,139230,87],{"class":86},[47,139232,91],{"class":90},[47,139234,94],{"class":86},[47,139236,35174],{"class":90},[47,139238,87],{"class":86},[47,139240,102],{"class":61},[47,139242,13271],{"class":65},[47,139244,102],{"class":61},[47,139246,309],{"class":86},[47,139248,62],{"class":61},[47,139250,13288],{"class":65},[47,139252,102],{"class":61},[47,139254,309],{"class":86},[47,139256,5677],{"class":445},[47,139258,1879],{"class":86},[20,139260,814],{},[38,139262,139264],{"className":40,"code":139263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,139265,139266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139267,139268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139269,139263],{"class":53},[469,139271,139273,139274,139276],{"id":139272},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139275,124679],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139278,139279],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[162,139281,139282,139289,139296],{},[165,139283,144,139284,139288],{},[455,139285,139286],{"href":129174},[15,139287,60701],{}," to break a string into a list",[165,139290,144,139291,139295],{},[455,139292,139293],{"href":137053},[15,139294,41828],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[165,139297,144,139298,139300],{},[15,139299,124679],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[149,139302,1962],{"id":1961},[469,139304,1966,139306,124835],{"id":139305},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139307,124679],{},[20,139309,139310],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[469,139312,139314],{"id":139313},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139316,139317],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[469,139319,139321],{"id":139320},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139323,139324],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,139326,139328],{"className":40,"code":139327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139329,139330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139333,91],{"class":53},[47,139335,94],{"class":86},[47,139337,35174],{"class":90},[47,139339,87],{"class":86},[47,139341,138079],{"class":90},[47,139343,309],{"class":86},[47,139345,138084],{"class":90},[47,139347,309],{"class":86},[47,139349,5677],{"class":445},[47,139351,286],{"class":86},[469,139353,1980,139355,139357],{"id":139354},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139356,124679],{}," remove text?",[20,139359,139360],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,139362,139364],{"className":40,"code":139363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139365,139366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139367,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139369,91],{"class":53},[47,139371,94],{"class":86},[47,139373,35174],{"class":90},[47,139375,87],{"class":86},[47,139377,102],{"class":61},[47,139379,2350],{"class":65},[47,139381,102],{"class":61},[47,139383,309],{"class":86},[47,139385,6306],{"class":61},[47,139387,286],{"class":86},[469,139389,2022,139391,2025],{"id":139390},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139392,124679],{},[20,139394,2028],{},[149,139396,2062],{"id":2061},[162,139398,139399,139403,139409,139415,139421],{},[165,139400,139401],{},[455,139402,124912],{"href":124676},[165,139404,139405],{},[455,139406,1164,139407,1168],{"href":129174},[15,139408,60701],{},[165,139410,139411],{},[455,139412,1164,139413,1168],{"href":137053},[15,139414,41828],{},[165,139416,139417],{},[455,139418,1164,139419,1168],{"href":1263},[15,139420,1266],{},[165,139422,139423],{},[455,139424,458],{"href":457},[2093,139426,139427],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":139429},[139430,139431,139433,139436,139437,139441,139445,139446,139448,139456,139466],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":138032,"depth":72,"text":139432},"What replace() does",{"id":5609,"depth":72,"text":5610,"children":139434},[139435],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":5965,"depth":72,"text":5966},{"id":138247,"depth":72,"text":138248,"children":139438},[139439,139440],{"id":138261,"depth":79,"text":138262},{"id":138342,"depth":79,"text":138343},{"id":138430,"depth":72,"text":138431,"children":139442},[139443,139444],{"id":138439,"depth":79,"text":138440},{"id":138515,"depth":79,"text":138516},{"id":1172,"depth":72,"text":1173},{"id":138711,"depth":72,"text":139447},"What replace() returns",{"id":4699,"depth":72,"text":4700,"children":139449},[139450,139452,139453,139454],{"id":138929,"depth":79,"text":139451},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139073,"depth":79,"text":139074},{"id":139142,"depth":79,"text":139143},{"id":139272,"depth":79,"text":139455},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":139457},[139458,139460,139461,139462,139464],{"id":139305,"depth":79,"text":139459},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139313,"depth":79,"text":139314},{"id":139320,"depth":79,"text":139321},{"id":139354,"depth":79,"text":139463},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139390,"depth":79,"text":139465},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137917,"description":139467},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139474,"title":139475,"body":139476,"description":141494,"extension":2138,"meta":141495,"navigation":75,"path":141496,"seo":141497,"stem":141498,"__hash__":141499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139477,"toc":141458},[139478,139483,139488,139491,139502,139504,139559,139564,139569,139576,139578,139593,139595,139651,139653,139691,139696,139698,139722,139725,139738,139743,139745,139776,139778,139811,139817,139822,139825,139835,139838,139840,139896,139898,139948,139951,139959,139962,140018,140020,140093,140106,140114,140118,140129,140132,140135,140188,140190,140222,140225,140279,140281,140316,140319,140324,140329,140334,140337,140339,140397,140399,140433,140435,140450,140453,140455,140497,140499,140525,140530,140538,140541,140543,140625,140627,140678,140681,140692,140700,140702,140775,140777,140795,140799,140802,140806,140833,140835,140843,140847,140882,140884,140897,140901,140904,140943,140945,140962,140967,140972,140983,140986,140997,140999,141001,141027,141030,141079,141081,141098,141101,141103,141155,141157,141189,141192,141250,141255,141257,141262,141365,141367,141381,141383,141390,141395,141400,141405,141410,141415,141418,141422,141427,141429,141455],[10,139479,13,139481,18],{"id":139480},"python-string-split-method",[15,139482,60701],{},[20,139484,22,139485,139487],{},[15,139486,60701],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139489,139490],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[162,139492,139493,139496,139499],{},[165,139494,139495],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[165,139497,139498],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[165,139500,139501],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[149,139503,2179],{"id":2178},[38,139505,139507],{"className":40,"code":139506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139508,139509,139522,139544,139554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517,139520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139512,54],{"class":53},[47,139514,58],{"class":57},[47,139516,62],{"class":61},[47,139518,139519],{"class":65},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139521,69],{"class":61},[47,139523,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139525,43011],{"class":53},[47,139527,58],{"class":57},[47,139529,1693],{"class":53},[47,139531,94],{"class":86},[47,139533,34645],{"class":90},[47,139535,87],{"class":86},[47,139537,102],{"class":61},[47,139539,309],{"class":65},[47,139541,102],{"class":61},[47,139543,286],{"class":86},[47,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,139547,83],{"class":82},[47,139549,87],{"class":86},[47,139551,43042],{"class":90},[47,139553,286],{"class":86},[47,139555,139556],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,139557,139558],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139560,144,139561,139563],{},[15,139562,60701],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[149,139565,152,139567,155],{"id":139566},"what-split-does",[15,139568,60701],{},[20,139570,139571,132533,139573,94],{},[15,139572,60701],{},[3922,139574,139575],{},"string method",[20,139577,49100],{},[162,139579,139580,139583,139588],{},[165,139581,139582],{},"divides a string into parts",[165,139584,119822,139585],{},[3922,139586,139587],{},"new list of strings",[165,139589,119828,139590,139592],{},[3922,139591,4813],{}," change the original string",[20,139594,183],{},[38,139596,139598],{"className":40,"code":139597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139599,139600,139613,139627,139631,139641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139601,139602,139604,139606,139608,139611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139603,54],{"class":53},[47,139605,58],{"class":57},[47,139607,62],{"class":61},[47,139609,139610],{"class":65},"red blue green",[47,139612,69],{"class":61},[47,139614,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139616,43011],{"class":53},[47,139618,58],{"class":57},[47,139620,1693],{"class":53},[47,139622,94],{"class":86},[47,139624,34645],{"class":90},[47,139626,8817],{"class":86},[47,139628,139629],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,139630,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,139632,139633,139635,139637,139639],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,139634,83],{"class":82},[47,139636,87],{"class":86},[47,139638,91],{"class":90},[47,139640,286],{"class":86},[47,139642,139643,139645,139647,139649],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,139644,83],{"class":82},[47,139646,87],{"class":86},[47,139648,43042],{"class":90},[47,139650,286],{"class":86},[20,139652,814],{},[38,139654,139656],{"className":40,"code":139655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139657,139658,139663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139659,139660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139661,139662],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139666,4080],{"class":86},[47,139668,3479],{"class":61},[47,139670,13271],{"class":65},[47,139672,3479],{"class":61},[47,139674,309],{"class":86},[47,139676,3474],{"class":61},[47,139678,13288],{"class":65},[47,139680,3479],{"class":61},[47,139682,309],{"class":86},[47,139684,3474],{"class":61},[47,139686,17633],{"class":65},[47,139688,3479],{"class":61},[47,139690,3816],{"class":86},[20,139692,139693,139694,94],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[455,139695,458],{"href":457},[149,139697,261],{"id":260},[38,139699,139701],{"className":40,"code":139700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139702,139703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139704,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139706,274],{"class":53},[47,139708,94],{"class":86},[47,139710,34645],{"class":90},[47,139712,87],{"class":86},[47,139714,133889],{"class":90},[47,139716,309],{"class":86},[47,139718,139719],{"class":90}," maxsplit",[47,139721,286],{"class":86},[20,139723,139724],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[162,139726,139727,139732],{},[165,139728,139729,139731],{},[15,139730,133889],{}," tells Python where to split",[165,139733,139734,139737],{},[15,139735,139736],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139739,9049,139740,139742],{},[15,139741,133889],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139744,183],{},[38,139746,139748],{"className":40,"code":139747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139749,139750,139762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139751,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139753,54],{"class":53},[47,139755,58],{"class":57},[47,139757,62],{"class":61},[47,139759,880],{"class":65},[47,139761,69],{"class":61},[47,139763,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139765,83],{"class":82},[47,139767,87],{"class":86},[47,139769,91],{"class":90},[47,139771,94],{"class":86},[47,139773,34645],{"class":90},[47,139775,7370],{"class":86},[20,139777,814],{},[38,139779,139781],{"className":40,"code":139780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139782,139783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139784,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139786,4080],{"class":86},[47,139788,3479],{"class":61},[47,139790,6762],{"class":65},[47,139792,3479],{"class":61},[47,139794,309],{"class":86},[47,139796,3474],{"class":61},[47,139798,905],{"class":65},[47,139800,3479],{"class":61},[47,139802,309],{"class":86},[47,139804,3474],{"class":61},[47,139806,936],{"class":65},[47,139808,3479],{"class":61},[47,139810,3816],{"class":86},[149,139812,831,139814,139816],{"id":139813},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139815,60701],{}," with no separator",[20,139818,70341,139819,139821],{},[15,139820,60701],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139823,139824],{},"Whitespace includes:",[162,139826,139827,139829,139832],{},[165,139828,10626],{},[165,139830,139831],{},"tabs",[165,139833,139834],{},"new lines",[20,139836,139837],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139839,183],{},[38,139841,139843],{"className":40,"code":139842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139844,139845,139868,139882,139886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139846,139847,139849,139851,139853,139856,139859,139861,139863,139866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139848,54],{"class":53},[47,139850,58],{"class":57},[47,139852,62],{"class":61},[47,139854,139855],{"class":65},"Python   is",[47,139857,139858],{"class":34629},"\\t",[47,139860,133625],{"class":65},[47,139862,87318],{"class":34629},[47,139864,139865],{"class":65},"and useful",[47,139867,69],{"class":61},[47,139869,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139871,43011],{"class":53},[47,139873,58],{"class":57},[47,139875,1693],{"class":53},[47,139877,94],{"class":86},[47,139879,34645],{"class":90},[47,139881,8817],{"class":86},[47,139883,139884],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,139885,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,139887,139888,139890,139892,139894],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,139889,83],{"class":82},[47,139891,87],{"class":86},[47,139893,43042],{"class":90},[47,139895,286],{"class":86},[20,139897,814],{},[38,139899,139901],{"className":40,"code":139900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139902,139903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139904,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139944,139946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139906,4080],{"class":86},[47,139908,3479],{"class":61},[47,139910,105],{"class":65},[47,139912,3479],{"class":61},[47,139914,309],{"class":86},[47,139916,3474],{"class":61},[47,139918,12371],{"class":65},[47,139920,3479],{"class":61},[47,139922,309],{"class":86},[47,139924,3474],{"class":61},[47,139926,133625],{"class":65},[47,139928,3479],{"class":61},[47,139930,309],{"class":86},[47,139932,3474],{"class":61},[47,139934,130250],{"class":65},[47,139936,3479],{"class":61},[47,139938,309],{"class":86},[47,139940,3474],{"class":61},[47,139942,139943],{"class":65},"useful",[47,139945,3479],{"class":61},[47,139947,3816],{"class":86},[20,139949,139950],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[469,139952,139954,10760,139956],{"id":139953},"split-vs-split",[15,139955,60701],{},[15,139957,139958],{},"split(' ')",[20,139960,139961],{},"These are not the same.",[38,139963,139965],{"className":40,"code":139964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139966,139967,139980,139984,139998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139968,139969,139971,139973,139975,139978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139970,54],{"class":53},[47,139972,58],{"class":57},[47,139974,62],{"class":61},[47,139976,139977],{"class":65},"a  b   c",[47,139979,69],{"class":61},[47,139981,139982],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139983,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,139985,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,139987,83],{"class":82},[47,139989,87],{"class":86},[47,139991,91],{"class":90},[47,139993,94],{"class":86},[47,139995,34645],{"class":90},[47,139997,7370],{"class":86},[47,139999,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140001,83],{"class":82},[47,140003,87],{"class":86},[47,140005,91],{"class":90},[47,140007,94],{"class":86},[47,140009,34645],{"class":90},[47,140011,87],{"class":86},[47,140013,102],{"class":61},[47,140015,62],{"class":61},[47,140017,1879],{"class":86},[20,140019,814],{},[38,140021,140023],{"className":40,"code":140022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140024,140025,140053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140028,4080],{"class":86},[47,140030,3479],{"class":61},[47,140032,455],{"class":65},[47,140034,3479],{"class":61},[47,140036,309],{"class":86},[47,140038,3474],{"class":61},[47,140040,2014],{"class":65},[47,140042,3479],{"class":61},[47,140044,309],{"class":86},[47,140046,3474],{"class":61},[47,140048,9913],{"class":65},[47,140050,3479],{"class":61},[47,140052,3816],{"class":86},[47,140054,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140056,4080],{"class":86},[47,140058,3479],{"class":61},[47,140060,455],{"class":65},[47,140062,3479],{"class":61},[47,140064,309],{"class":86},[47,140066,4019],{"class":61},[47,140068,309],{"class":86},[47,140070,3474],{"class":61},[47,140072,2014],{"class":65},[47,140074,3479],{"class":61},[47,140076,309],{"class":86},[47,140078,4019],{"class":61},[47,140080,309],{"class":86},[47,140082,4019],{"class":61},[47,140084,309],{"class":86},[47,140086,3474],{"class":61},[47,140088,9913],{"class":65},[47,140090,3479],{"class":61},[47,140092,3816],{"class":86},[162,140094,140095,140100],{},[165,140096,140097,140099],{},[15,140098,60701],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[165,140101,140102,140105],{},[15,140103,140104],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140107,140108,140109,140113],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[455,140110,1164,140111,1168],{"href":137053},[15,140112,41828],{}," is often useful.",[149,140115,140117],{"id":140116},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140119,140120,140121,2366,140124,2370,140126,94],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140122,140123],{},"\",\"",[15,140125,133724],{},[15,140127,140128],{},"\"::\"",[20,140130,140131],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140133,140134],{},"Example with commas:",[38,140136,140138],{"className":40,"code":140137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140139,140140,140152,140174,140178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140141,140142,140144,140146,140148,140150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140143,54],{"class":53},[47,140145,58],{"class":57},[47,140147,62],{"class":61},[47,140149,139519],{"class":65},[47,140151,69],{"class":61},[47,140153,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140155,43011],{"class":53},[47,140157,58],{"class":57},[47,140159,1693],{"class":53},[47,140161,94],{"class":86},[47,140163,34645],{"class":90},[47,140165,87],{"class":86},[47,140167,102],{"class":61},[47,140169,309],{"class":65},[47,140171,102],{"class":61},[47,140173,286],{"class":86},[47,140175,140176],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140177,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,140179,140180,140182,140184,140186],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140181,83],{"class":82},[47,140183,87],{"class":86},[47,140185,43042],{"class":90},[47,140187,286],{"class":86},[20,140189,814],{},[38,140191,140192],{"className":40,"code":78616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140193,140194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140195,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140197,4080],{"class":86},[47,140199,3479],{"class":61},[47,140201,4260],{"class":65},[47,140203,3479],{"class":61},[47,140205,309],{"class":86},[47,140207,3474],{"class":61},[47,140209,491],{"class":65},[47,140211,3479],{"class":61},[47,140213,309],{"class":86},[47,140215,3474],{"class":61},[47,140217,4277],{"class":65},[47,140219,3479],{"class":61},[47,140221,3816],{"class":86},[20,140223,140224],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,140226,140228],{"className":40,"code":140227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140229,140230,140243,140265,140269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140231,140232,140234,140236,140238,140241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140233,54],{"class":53},[47,140235,58],{"class":57},[47,140237,62],{"class":61},[47,140239,140240],{"class":65},"2024::10::31",[47,140242,69],{"class":61},[47,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140246,43011],{"class":53},[47,140248,58],{"class":57},[47,140250,1693],{"class":53},[47,140252,94],{"class":86},[47,140254,34645],{"class":90},[47,140256,87],{"class":86},[47,140258,102],{"class":61},[47,140260,76833],{"class":65},[47,140262,102],{"class":61},[47,140264,286],{"class":86},[47,140266,140267],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140268,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140272,83],{"class":82},[47,140274,87],{"class":86},[47,140276,43042],{"class":90},[47,140278,286],{"class":86},[20,140280,814],{},[38,140282,140284],{"className":40,"code":140283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140285,140286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140287,140288,140290,140292,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140312,140314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140289,4080],{"class":86},[47,140291,3479],{"class":61},[47,140293,140294],{"class":65},"2024",[47,140296,3479],{"class":61},[47,140298,309],{"class":86},[47,140300,3474],{"class":61},[47,140302,2509],{"class":65},[47,140304,3479],{"class":61},[47,140306,309],{"class":86},[47,140308,3474],{"class":61},[47,140310,140311],{"class":65},"31",[47,140313,3479],{"class":61},[47,140315,3816],{"class":86},[20,140317,140318],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140320,140321,140322,94],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[455,140323,129171],{"href":129170},[149,140325,831,140327],{"id":140326},"using-maxsplit",[15,140328,139736],{},[20,140330,140331,140333],{},[15,140332,139736],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140335,140336],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140338,183],{},[38,140340,140342],{"className":40,"code":140341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140343,140344,140357,140383,140387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140345,140346,140348,140350,140352,140355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140347,54],{"class":53},[47,140349,58],{"class":57},[47,140351,62],{"class":61},[47,140353,140354],{"class":65},"name:age:city:country",[47,140356,69],{"class":61},[47,140358,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140360,43011],{"class":53},[47,140362,58],{"class":57},[47,140364,1693],{"class":53},[47,140366,94],{"class":86},[47,140368,34645],{"class":90},[47,140370,87],{"class":86},[47,140372,102],{"class":61},[47,140374,3062],{"class":65},[47,140376,102],{"class":61},[47,140378,309],{"class":86},[47,140380,1769],{"class":445},[47,140382,286],{"class":86},[47,140384,140385],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140386,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,140388,140389,140391,140393,140395],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140390,83],{"class":82},[47,140392,87],{"class":86},[47,140394,43042],{"class":90},[47,140396,286],{"class":86},[20,140398,814],{},[38,140400,140402],{"className":40,"code":140401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140403,140404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140405,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140429,140431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140407,4080],{"class":86},[47,140409,3479],{"class":61},[47,140411,214],{"class":65},[47,140413,3479],{"class":61},[47,140415,309],{"class":86},[47,140417,3474],{"class":61},[47,140419,9473],{"class":65},[47,140421,3479],{"class":61},[47,140423,309],{"class":86},[47,140425,3474],{"class":61},[47,140427,140428],{"class":65},"city:country",[47,140430,3479],{"class":61},[47,140432,3816],{"class":86},[20,140434,2355],{},[162,140436,140437,140442,140447],{},[165,140438,140439,140440],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140441,3062],{},[165,140443,140444,140445],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140446,3062],{},[165,140448,140449],{},"then stops",[20,140451,140452],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140454,52250],{},[38,140456,140458],{"className":40,"code":140457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140459,140460,140473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140461,140462,140464,140466,140468,140471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140463,54],{"class":53},[47,140465,58],{"class":57},[47,140467,62],{"class":61},[47,140469,140470],{"class":65},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140472,69],{"class":61},[47,140474,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140476,83],{"class":82},[47,140478,87],{"class":86},[47,140480,91],{"class":90},[47,140482,94],{"class":86},[47,140484,34645],{"class":90},[47,140486,87],{"class":86},[47,140488,102],{"class":61},[47,140490,62],{"class":61},[47,140492,309],{"class":86},[47,140494,5677],{"class":445},[47,140496,1879],{"class":86},[20,140498,814],{},[38,140500,140502],{"className":40,"code":140501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140503,140504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140505,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140521,140523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140507,4080],{"class":86},[47,140509,3479],{"class":61},[47,140511,4260],{"class":65},[47,140513,3479],{"class":61},[47,140515,309],{"class":86},[47,140517,3474],{"class":61},[47,140519,140520],{"class":65},"banana cherry grape",[47,140522,3479],{"class":61},[47,140524,3816],{"class":86},[149,140526,152,140528,11882],{"id":140527},"what-split-returns",[15,140529,60701],{},[20,140531,140532,140533,140535,140536,94],{},"The result of ",[15,140534,60701],{}," is always a ",[3922,140537,8269],{},[20,140539,140540],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140542,183],{},[38,140544,140546],{"className":40,"code":140545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140547,140548,140561,140583,140587,140597,140611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556,140559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140551,54],{"class":53},[47,140553,58],{"class":57},[47,140555,62],{"class":61},[47,140557,140558],{"class":65},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140560,69],{"class":61},[47,140562,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140564,43011],{"class":53},[47,140566,58],{"class":57},[47,140568,1693],{"class":53},[47,140570,94],{"class":86},[47,140572,34645],{"class":90},[47,140574,87],{"class":86},[47,140576,102],{"class":61},[47,140578,309],{"class":65},[47,140580,102],{"class":61},[47,140582,286],{"class":86},[47,140584,140585],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140586,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,140588,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140590,83],{"class":82},[47,140592,87],{"class":86},[47,140594,43042],{"class":90},[47,140596,286],{"class":86},[47,140598,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,140600,83],{"class":82},[47,140602,87],{"class":86},[47,140604,1872],{"class":1570},[47,140606,87],{"class":86},[47,140608,43042],{"class":90},[47,140610,1879],{"class":86},[47,140612,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,140614,83],{"class":82},[47,140616,87],{"class":86},[47,140618,43042],{"class":90},[47,140620,4080],{"class":86},[47,140622,1721],{"class":445},[47,140624,4068],{"class":86},[20,140626,814],{},[38,140628,140630],{"className":40,"code":140629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140631,140632,140660,140674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140635,4080],{"class":86},[47,140637,3479],{"class":61},[47,140639,37223],{"class":65},[47,140641,3479],{"class":61},[47,140643,309],{"class":86},[47,140645,3474],{"class":61},[47,140647,58297],{"class":65},[47,140649,3479],{"class":61},[47,140651,309],{"class":86},[47,140653,3474],{"class":61},[47,140655,58314],{"class":65},[47,140657,3479],{"class":61},[47,140659,3816],{"class":86},[47,140661,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140663,3468],{"class":57},[47,140665,3471],{"class":2242},[47,140667,3474],{"class":61},[47,140669,8269],{"class":65},[47,140671,3479],{"class":61},[47,140673,3482],{"class":57},[47,140675,140676],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140677,85634],{"class":53},[20,140679,140680],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[162,140682,140683,140686,140689],{},[165,140684,140685],{},"loop over it",[165,140687,140688],{},"access items by index",[165,140690,140691],{},"combine items again later",[20,140693,140694,140695,94],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[455,140696,1164,140698,1168],{"href":140697},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140699,133567],{},[20,140701,183],{},[38,140703,140705],{"className":40,"code":140704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140706,140707,140739,140761,140765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140708,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140710,43011],{"class":53},[47,140712,58],{"class":57},[47,140714,3803],{"class":86},[47,140716,3479],{"class":61},[47,140718,37223],{"class":65},[47,140720,3479],{"class":61},[47,140722,309],{"class":86},[47,140724,3474],{"class":61},[47,140726,58297],{"class":65},[47,140728,3479],{"class":61},[47,140730,309],{"class":86},[47,140732,3474],{"class":61},[47,140734,58314],{"class":65},[47,140736,3479],{"class":61},[47,140738,3816],{"class":86},[47,140740,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140742,54],{"class":53},[47,140744,58],{"class":57},[47,140746,62],{"class":61},[47,140748,2198],{"class":65},[47,140750,102],{"class":61},[47,140752,94],{"class":86},[47,140754,133644],{"class":90},[47,140756,87],{"class":86},[47,140758,43042],{"class":90},[47,140760,286],{"class":86},[47,140762,140763],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,140764,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,140766,140767,140769,140771,140773],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,140768,83],{"class":82},[47,140770,87],{"class":86},[47,140772,91],{"class":90},[47,140774,286],{"class":86},[20,140776,814],{},[38,140778,140780],{"className":40,"code":140779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140781,140782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140783,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140785,37223],{"class":53},[47,140787,2198],{"class":57},[47,140789,58297],{"class":53},[47,140791,2198],{"class":57},[47,140793,140794],{"class":53},"bird\n",[149,140796,140798],{"id":140797},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140800,140801],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[469,140803,140805],{"id":140804},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,140807,140809],{"className":40,"code":140808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140810,140811,140819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140812,140813,140815,140817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140814,54],{"class":53},[47,140816,58],{"class":57},[47,140818,8057],{"class":61},[47,140820,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140822,83],{"class":82},[47,140824,87],{"class":86},[47,140826,91],{"class":90},[47,140828,94],{"class":86},[47,140830,34645],{"class":90},[47,140832,7370],{"class":86},[20,140834,814],{},[38,140836,140837],{"className":40,"code":38472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140838,140839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140840,140841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140842,38472],{"class":86},[469,140844,140846],{"id":140845},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,140848,140850],{"className":40,"code":140849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140851,140852,140860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140853,140854,140856,140858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140855,54],{"class":53},[47,140857,58],{"class":57},[47,140859,8057],{"class":61},[47,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140863,83],{"class":82},[47,140865,87],{"class":86},[47,140867,91],{"class":90},[47,140869,94],{"class":86},[47,140871,34645],{"class":90},[47,140873,87],{"class":86},[47,140875,102],{"class":61},[47,140877,309],{"class":65},[47,140879,102],{"class":61},[47,140881,1879],{"class":86},[20,140883,814],{},[38,140885,140887],{"className":40,"code":140886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,140888,140889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140890,140891,140893,140895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140892,4080],{"class":86},[47,140894,3953],{"class":61},[47,140896,3816],{"class":86},[469,140898,140900],{"id":140899},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140902,140903],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,140905,140907],{"className":40,"code":140906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140908,140909,140921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140910,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140912,54],{"class":53},[47,140914,58],{"class":57},[47,140916,62],{"class":61},[47,140918,386],{"class":65},[47,140920,69],{"class":61},[47,140922,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140924,83],{"class":82},[47,140926,87],{"class":86},[47,140928,91],{"class":90},[47,140930,94],{"class":86},[47,140932,34645],{"class":90},[47,140934,87],{"class":86},[47,140936,102],{"class":61},[47,140938,309],{"class":65},[47,140940,102],{"class":61},[47,140942,1879],{"class":86},[20,140944,814],{},[38,140946,140948],{"className":40,"code":140947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,140949,140950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140951,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140953,4080],{"class":86},[47,140955,3479],{"class":61},[47,140957,386],{"class":65},[47,140959,3479],{"class":61},[47,140961,3816],{"class":86},[149,140963,1321,140965],{"id":140964},"when-to-use-split",[15,140966,60701],{},[20,140968,144,140969,140971],{},[15,140970,60701],{}," when you need to:",[162,140973,140974,140977,140980],{},[165,140975,140976],{},"split a sentence into words",[165,140978,140979],{},"split comma-separated values",[165,140981,140982],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140984,140985],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[162,140987,140988,140991,140994],{},[165,140989,140990],{},"cleaning text",[165,140992,140993],{},"parsing user input",[165,140995,140996],{},"processing simple file content",[149,140998,1425],{"id":1424},[20,141000,84405],{},[162,141002,141003,141007,141013,141016,141024],{},[165,141004,50677,141005,131705],{},[15,141006,60701],{},[165,141008,141009,141010,141012],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141011,60701],{}," returns a list, not a string",[165,141014,141015],{},"using the wrong separator",[165,141017,141018,141019,141021,141022],{},"assuming ",[15,141020,139958],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141023,60701],{},[165,141025,141026],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141028,141029],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,141031,141033],{"className":40,"code":141032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141034,141035,141047,141065,141069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141036,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141038,54],{"class":53},[47,141040,58],{"class":57},[47,141042,62],{"class":61},[47,141044,43004],{"class":65},[47,141046,69],{"class":61},[47,141048,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141050,91],{"class":53},[47,141052,94],{"class":86},[47,141054,34645],{"class":90},[47,141056,87],{"class":86},[47,141058,102],{"class":61},[47,141060,309],{"class":65},[47,141062,102],{"class":61},[47,141064,286],{"class":86},[47,141066,141067],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,141068,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,141072,83],{"class":82},[47,141074,87],{"class":86},[47,141076,91],{"class":90},[47,141078,286],{"class":86},[20,141080,814],{},[38,141082,141084],{"className":40,"code":141083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,141085,141086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141089,455],{"class":53},[47,141091,309],{"class":86},[47,141093,2014],{"class":53},[47,141095,309],{"class":86},[47,141097,69414],{"class":53},[20,141099,141100],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141102,10982],{},[38,141104,141105],{"className":40,"code":42991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141106,141107,141119,141141,141145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141108,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141110,54],{"class":53},[47,141112,58],{"class":57},[47,141114,62],{"class":61},[47,141116,43004],{"class":65},[47,141118,69],{"class":61},[47,141120,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141122,43011],{"class":53},[47,141124,58],{"class":57},[47,141126,1693],{"class":53},[47,141128,94],{"class":86},[47,141130,34645],{"class":90},[47,141132,87],{"class":86},[47,141134,102],{"class":61},[47,141136,309],{"class":65},[47,141138,102],{"class":61},[47,141140,286],{"class":86},[47,141142,141143],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,141144,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,141146,141147,141149,141151,141153],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,141148,83],{"class":82},[47,141150,87],{"class":86},[47,141152,43042],{"class":90},[47,141154,286],{"class":86},[20,141156,814],{},[38,141158,141159],{"className":40,"code":43049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141160,141161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141162,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141164,4080],{"class":86},[47,141166,3479],{"class":61},[47,141168,455],{"class":65},[47,141170,3479],{"class":61},[47,141172,309],{"class":86},[47,141174,3474],{"class":61},[47,141176,2014],{"class":65},[47,141178,3479],{"class":61},[47,141180,309],{"class":86},[47,141182,3474],{"class":61},[47,141184,9913],{"class":65},[47,141186,3479],{"class":61},[47,141188,3816],{"class":86},[20,141190,141191],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,141193,141195],{"className":40,"code":141194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141196,141197,141210,141232,141236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141198,141199,141201,141203,141205,141208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141200,54],{"class":53},[47,141202,58],{"class":57},[47,141204,62],{"class":61},[47,141206,141207],{"class":65},"apple,banana",[47,141209,69],{"class":61},[47,141211,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228,141230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141213,43011],{"class":53},[47,141215,58],{"class":57},[47,141217,1693],{"class":53},[47,141219,94],{"class":86},[47,141221,34645],{"class":90},[47,141223,87],{"class":86},[47,141225,102],{"class":61},[47,141227,309],{"class":65},[47,141229,102],{"class":61},[47,141231,286],{"class":86},[47,141233,141234],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,141235,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,141237,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,141239,83],{"class":82},[47,141241,87],{"class":86},[47,141243,43042],{"class":90},[47,141245,4080],{"class":86},[47,141247,2233],{"class":445},[47,141249,4068],{"class":86},[20,141251,141252,141253,94],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[455,141254,69427],{"href":69426},[469,141256,60879],{"id":60878},[20,141258,9049,141259,141261],{},[15,141260,60701],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,141263,141265],{"className":40,"code":141264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141266,141267,141277,141291,141313,141339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141268,141269,141271,141273,141275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141270,83],{"class":82},[47,141272,87],{"class":86},[47,141274,91],{"class":90},[47,141276,286],{"class":86},[47,141278,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141280,83],{"class":82},[47,141282,87],{"class":86},[47,141284,91],{"class":90},[47,141286,94],{"class":86},[47,141288,34645],{"class":90},[47,141290,7370],{"class":86},[47,141292,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,141294,83],{"class":82},[47,141296,87],{"class":86},[47,141298,91],{"class":90},[47,141300,94],{"class":86},[47,141302,34645],{"class":90},[47,141304,87],{"class":86},[47,141306,3479],{"class":61},[47,141308,309],{"class":65},[47,141310,3479],{"class":61},[47,141312,1879],{"class":86},[47,141314,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,141316,83],{"class":82},[47,141318,87],{"class":86},[47,141320,11337],{"class":82},[47,141322,87],{"class":86},[47,141324,91],{"class":90},[47,141326,94],{"class":86},[47,141328,34645],{"class":90},[47,141330,87],{"class":86},[47,141332,3479],{"class":61},[47,141334,309],{"class":65},[47,141336,3479],{"class":61},[47,141338,1958],{"class":86},[47,141340,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,141342,83],{"class":82},[47,141344,87],{"class":86},[47,141346,1872],{"class":1570},[47,141348,87],{"class":86},[47,141350,91],{"class":90},[47,141352,94],{"class":86},[47,141354,34645],{"class":90},[47,141356,87],{"class":86},[47,141358,3479],{"class":61},[47,141360,309],{"class":65},[47,141362,3479],{"class":61},[47,141364,1958],{"class":86},[20,141366,11346],{},[162,141368,141369,141372,141375,141378],{},[165,141370,141371],{},"what the original string looks like",[165,141373,141374],{},"which separator works",[165,141376,141377],{},"how many items were created",[165,141379,141380],{},"that the result is a list",[149,141382,1962],{"id":1961},[469,141384,2032,141386,837,141388,2037],{"id":141385},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141387,60701],{},[15,141389,139958],{},[20,141391,141392,141394],{},[15,141393,60701],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141396,141397,141399],{},[15,141398,139958],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[469,141401,1966,141403,124835],{"id":141402},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141404,60701],{},[20,141406,141407,141408,56648],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141409,60701],{},[469,141411,5323,141413,40135],{"id":141412},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141414,139736],{},[20,141416,141417],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[469,141419,141421],{"id":141420},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141423,29238,141424,141426],{},[15,141425,60701],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[149,141428,2062],{"id":2061},[162,141430,141431,141435,141441,141447,141451],{},[165,141432,141433],{},[455,141434,130090],{"href":129170},[165,141436,141437],{},[455,141438,1164,141439,1168],{"href":140697},[15,141440,133567],{},[165,141442,141443],{},[455,141444,1164,141445,1168],{"href":137053},[15,141446,41828],{},[165,141448,141449],{},[455,141450,458],{"href":457},[165,141452,141453],{},[455,141454,69427],{"href":69426},[2093,141456,141457],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":141459},[141460,141461,141463,141464,141469,141470,141472,141474,141479,141481,141484,141493],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":139566,"depth":72,"text":141462},"What split() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":139813,"depth":72,"text":141465,"children":141466},"Using split() with no separator",[141467],{"id":139953,"depth":79,"text":141468},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140116,"depth":72,"text":140117},{"id":140326,"depth":72,"text":141471},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140527,"depth":72,"text":141473},"What split() returns",{"id":140797,"depth":72,"text":140798,"children":141475},[141476,141477,141478],{"id":140804,"depth":79,"text":140805},{"id":140845,"depth":79,"text":140846},{"id":140899,"depth":79,"text":140900},{"id":140964,"depth":72,"text":141480},"When to use split()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":141482},[141483],{"id":60878,"depth":79,"text":60879},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":141485},[141486,141488,141490,141492],{"id":141385,"depth":79,"text":141487},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141402,"depth":79,"text":141489},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141412,"depth":79,"text":141491},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141420,"depth":79,"text":141421},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143305,"toc":144728},[143306,143311,143316,143319,143321,143365,143367,143375,143380,143385,143390,143392,143410,143412,143458,143460,143474,143483,143487,143489,143491,143503,143508,143511,143543,143545,143554,143559,143562,143603,143605,143613,143615,143628,143634,143638,143641,143657,143659,143708,143710,143719,143722,143781,143783,143792,143799,143802,143855,143857,143881,143888,143894,143898,143904,143907,143918,143920,143960,143962,143970,143972,144012,144014,144023,144025,144043,144046,144053,144064,144067,144084,144086,144163,144165,144196,144199,144201,144204,144230,144232,144272,144274,144283,144293,144301,144309,144314,144319,144321,144335,144337,144388,144390,144399,144409,144411,144413,144435,144438,144517,144519,144555,144558,144633,144638,144640,144646,144651,144656,144659,144665,144668,144675,144683,144687,144695,144697,144725],[10,143307,13,143309,18],{"id":143308},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143310,41828],{},[20,143312,32492,143313,143315],{},[15,143314,41828],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143317,143318],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[149,143320,3788],{"id":3787},[38,143322,143324],{"className":40,"code":143323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143325,143326,143339,143354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143327,143328,143330,143332,143334,143337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143329,54],{"class":53},[47,143331,58],{"class":57},[47,143333,62],{"class":61},[47,143335,143336],{"class":65},"  hello  ",[47,143338,69],{"class":61},[47,143340,143341,143344,143346,143348,143350,143352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143342,143343],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143345,58],{"class":57},[47,143347,1693],{"class":53},[47,143349,94],{"class":86},[47,143351,8810],{"class":90},[47,143353,8817],{"class":86},[47,143355,143356,143358,143360,143363],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,143357,83],{"class":82},[47,143359,87],{"class":86},[47,143361,143362],{"class":90},"clean_text",[47,143364,286],{"class":86},[20,143366,814],{},[38,143368,143369],{"className":40,"code":138797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143370,143371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143372,143373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143374,138797],{"class":53},[20,143376,144,143377,143379],{},[15,143378,41828],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[149,143381,152,143383,155],{"id":143382},"what-strip-does",[15,143384,41828],{},[20,143386,143387,143389],{},[15,143388,41828],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143391,13230],{},[162,143393,143394,143398,143401,143404,143407],{},[165,143395,143396,131835],{},[15,143397,41828],{},[165,143399,143400],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[165,143402,143403],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[165,143405,143406],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[165,143408,143409],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143411,183],{},[38,143413,143415],{"className":40,"code":143414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143416,143417,143430,143434,143448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143418,143419,143421,143423,143425,143428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143420,54],{"class":53},[47,143422,58],{"class":57},[47,143424,62],{"class":61},[47,143426,143427],{"class":65},"  hello world  ",[47,143429,69],{"class":61},[47,143431,143432],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143433,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,143435,143436,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,143437,83],{"class":82},[47,143439,87],{"class":86},[47,143441,91],{"class":90},[47,143443,94],{"class":86},[47,143445,8810],{"class":90},[47,143447,7370],{"class":86},[47,143449,143450,143452,143454,143456],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,143451,83],{"class":82},[47,143453,87],{"class":86},[47,143455,91],{"class":90},[47,143457,286],{"class":86},[20,143459,814],{},[38,143461,143463],{"className":40,"code":143462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143464,143465,143469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143466,143467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143468,134500],{"class":53},[47,143470,143471],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143472,143473],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,143475,143476,143477,143479,143480,143482],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143478,41828],{},", but the original ",[15,143481,91],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143484,125257,143485,94],{},[455,143486,458],{"href":457},[149,143488,261],{"id":260},[20,143490,26665],{},[162,143492,143493,143498],{},[165,143494,143495],{},[15,143496,143497],{},"string.strip()",[165,143499,143500],{},[15,143501,143502],{},"string.strip(chars)",[469,143504,143506],{"id":143505},"stringstrip",[15,143507,143497],{},[20,143509,143510],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,143512,143514],{"className":40,"code":143513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143515,143516,143529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143519,193],{"class":53},[47,143521,58],{"class":57},[47,143523,62],{"class":61},[47,143525,143526],{"class":65},"  Alice  ",[47,143528,69],{"class":61},[47,143530,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143532,83],{"class":82},[47,143534,87],{"class":86},[47,143536,214],{"class":90},[47,143538,94],{"class":86},[47,143540,8810],{"class":90},[47,143542,7370],{"class":86},[20,143544,814],{},[38,143546,143548],{"className":40,"code":143547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,143549,143550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143551,143552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143553,143547],{"class":53},[469,143555,143557],{"id":143556},"stringstripchars",[15,143558,143502],{},[20,143560,143561],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,143563,143565],{"className":40,"code":143564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143566,143567,143580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143568,143569,143571,143573,143575,143578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143570,54],{"class":53},[47,143572,58],{"class":57},[47,143574,62],{"class":61},[47,143576,143577],{"class":65},"!!hello??",[47,143579,69],{"class":61},[47,143581,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596,143599,143601],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143583,83],{"class":82},[47,143585,87],{"class":86},[47,143587,91],{"class":90},[47,143589,94],{"class":86},[47,143591,8810],{"class":90},[47,143593,87],{"class":86},[47,143595,102],{"class":61},[47,143597,143598],{"class":65},"!?",[47,143600,102],{"class":61},[47,143602,1879],{"class":86},[20,143604,814],{},[38,143606,143607],{"className":40,"code":138797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143608,143609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143610,143611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143612,138797],{"class":53},[20,143614,83986],{},[162,143616,143617,143622],{},[165,143618,143619,143621],{},[15,143620,134743],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[165,143623,143624,143625,143627],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143626,134743],{}," does not matter",[149,143629,143631,143632],{"id":143630},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143633,41828],{},[20,143635,31061,143636,94],{},[15,143637,41828],{},[20,143639,143640],{},"It is useful for:",[162,143642,143643,143648,143651,143654],{},[165,143644,143645,143646,4065],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143647,3135],{},[165,143649,143650],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[165,143652,143653],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[165,143655,143656],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143658,48535],{},[38,143660,143662],{"className":40,"code":143661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143663,143664,143677,143693,143697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143665,143666,143668,143670,143672,143675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143667,8137],{"class":53},[47,143669,58],{"class":57},[47,143671,62],{"class":61},[47,143673,143674],{"class":65},"  sam  ",[47,143676,69],{"class":61},[47,143678,143679,143682,143684,143687,143689,143691],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143680,143681],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143683,58],{"class":57},[47,143685,143686],{"class":53}," username",[47,143688,94],{"class":86},[47,143690,8810],{"class":90},[47,143692,8817],{"class":86},[47,143694,143695],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,143696,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,143698,143699,143701,143703,143706],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,143700,83],{"class":82},[47,143702,87],{"class":86},[47,143704,143705],{"class":90},"clean_username",[47,143707,286],{"class":86},[20,143709,814],{},[38,143711,143713],{"className":40,"code":143712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,143714,143715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143716,143717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143718,143712],{"class":53},[20,143720,143721],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,143723,143725],{"className":40,"code":143724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143726,143727,143740,143744,143766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143728,143729,143731,143733,143735,143738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143730,136726],{"class":53},[47,143732,58],{"class":57},[47,143734,62],{"class":61},[47,143736,143737],{"class":65}," yes  ",[47,143739,69],{"class":61},[47,143741,143742],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143743,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,143745,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,143747,723],{"class":752},[47,143749,136746],{"class":53},[47,143751,94],{"class":86},[47,143753,8810],{"class":90},[47,143755,7541],{"class":86},[47,143757,6587],{"class":57},[47,143759,62],{"class":61},[47,143761,8832],{"class":65},[47,143763,102],{"class":61},[47,143765,795],{"class":86},[47,143767,143768,143770,143772,143774,143777,143779],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,143769,776],{"class":82},[47,143771,87],{"class":86},[47,143773,102],{"class":61},[47,143775,143776],{"class":65},"Matched",[47,143778,102],{"class":61},[47,143780,286],{"class":86},[20,143782,814],{},[38,143784,143786],{"className":40,"code":143785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,143787,143788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143789,143790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143791,143785],{"class":53},[20,143793,143794,143795,94],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[455,143796,143798],{"href":143797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143800,143801],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,143803,143805],{"className":40,"code":143804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143806,143807,143823,143837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143808,143809,143812,143814,143816,143819,143821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143810,143811],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143813,58],{"class":57},[47,143815,62],{"class":61},[47,143817,143818],{"class":65},"Python basics",[47,143820,87318],{"class":34629},[47,143822,69],{"class":61},[47,143824,143825,143827,143829,143831,143833,143835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143826,83],{"class":82},[47,143828,87],{"class":86},[47,143830,41954],{"class":82},[47,143832,87],{"class":86},[47,143834,49],{"class":90},[47,143836,1879],{"class":86},[47,143838,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,143840,83],{"class":82},[47,143842,87],{"class":86},[47,143844,41954],{"class":82},[47,143846,87],{"class":86},[47,143848,49],{"class":90},[47,143850,94],{"class":86},[47,143852,8810],{"class":90},[47,143854,6470],{"class":86},[20,143856,814],{},[38,143858,143860],{"className":40,"code":143859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143861,143862,143873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143863,143864,143866,143868,143871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143865,3479],{"class":43502},[47,143867,143818],{"class":43506},[47,143869,87318],{"class":143870},"sfi6f",[47,143872,29876],{"class":43502},[47,143874,143875,143877,143879],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143876,3479],{"class":43502},[47,143878,143818],{"class":43506},[47,143880,29876],{"class":43502},[20,143882,831,143883,143885,143886,94],{},[15,143884,122733],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143887,87318],{},[20,143889,143890,143891,94],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[455,143892,143893],{"href":87971},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[149,143895,143897],{"id":143896},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143899,143900,143901,94],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143902,143903],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143905,143906],{},"Python will:",[162,143908,143909,143912,143915],{},[165,143910,143911],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[165,143913,143914],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[165,143916,143917],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143919,183],{},[38,143921,143923],{"className":40,"code":143922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143924,143925,143938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143926,143927,143929,143931,143933,143936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143928,54],{"class":53},[47,143930,58],{"class":57},[47,143932,62],{"class":61},[47,143934,143935],{"class":65},"??hello!!",[47,143937,69],{"class":61},[47,143939,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143941,83],{"class":82},[47,143943,87],{"class":86},[47,143945,91],{"class":90},[47,143947,94],{"class":86},[47,143949,8810],{"class":90},[47,143951,87],{"class":86},[47,143953,102],{"class":61},[47,143955,143598],{"class":65},[47,143957,102],{"class":61},[47,143959,1879],{"class":86},[20,143961,814],{},[38,143963,143964],{"className":40,"code":138797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143965,143966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143967,143968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143969,138797],{"class":53},[20,143971,52250],{},[38,143973,143975],{"className":40,"code":143974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143976,143977,143990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143978,143979,143981,143983,143985,143988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143980,54],{"class":53},[47,143982,58],{"class":57},[47,143984,62],{"class":61},[47,143986,143987],{"class":65},"abcHelloCba",[47,143989,69],{"class":61},[47,143991,143992,143994,143996,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143993,83],{"class":82},[47,143995,87],{"class":86},[47,143997,91],{"class":90},[47,143999,94],{"class":86},[47,144001,8810],{"class":90},[47,144003,87],{"class":86},[47,144005,102],{"class":61},[47,144007,41735],{"class":65},[47,144009,102],{"class":61},[47,144011,1879],{"class":86},[20,144013,814],{},[38,144015,144017],{"className":40,"code":144016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,144018,144019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144020,144021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144022,144016],{"class":53},[20,144024,6415],{},[20,144026,144027,14233,144030,144032,144033,144035,144036,2366,144038,2370,144040,144042],{},[15,144028,144029],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3922,144031,4813],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144034,41735],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144037,455],{},[15,144039,2014],{},[15,144041,9913],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144044,144045],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144047,144048,144049,6808],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[455,144050,144051],{"href":130067},[15,144052,124679],{},[149,144054,144056,10760,144058,10760,144061],{"id":144055},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144057,41828],{},[15,144059,144060],{},"lstrip()",[15,144062,144063],{},"rstrip()",[20,144065,144066],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[162,144068,144069,144074,144079],{},[165,144070,144071,144073],{},[15,144072,41828],{}," removes from both ends",[165,144075,144076,144078],{},[15,144077,144060],{}," removes from the left side only",[165,144080,144081,144083],{},[15,144082,144063],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144085,183],{},[38,144087,144089],{"className":40,"code":144088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144090,144091,144103,144107,144125,144144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144092,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144094,54],{"class":53},[47,144096,58],{"class":57},[47,144098,62],{"class":61},[47,144100,143336],{"class":65},[47,144102,69],{"class":61},[47,144104,144105],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144106,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,144108,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144110,83],{"class":82},[47,144112,87],{"class":86},[47,144114,41954],{"class":82},[47,144116,87],{"class":86},[47,144118,91],{"class":90},[47,144120,94],{"class":86},[47,144122,8810],{"class":90},[47,144124,6470],{"class":86},[47,144126,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137,144139,144142],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144128,83],{"class":82},[47,144130,87],{"class":86},[47,144132,41954],{"class":82},[47,144134,87],{"class":86},[47,144136,91],{"class":90},[47,144138,94],{"class":86},[47,144140,144141],{"class":90},"lstrip",[47,144143,6470],{"class":86},[47,144145,144146,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158,144161],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,144147,83],{"class":82},[47,144149,87],{"class":86},[47,144151,41954],{"class":82},[47,144153,87],{"class":86},[47,144155,91],{"class":90},[47,144157,94],{"class":86},[47,144159,144160],{"class":90},"rstrip",[47,144162,6470],{"class":86},[20,144164,814],{},[38,144166,144168],{"className":40,"code":144167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144169,144170,144178,144187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144171,144172,144174,144176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144173,3479],{"class":43502},[47,144175,386],{"class":43506},[47,144177,29876],{"class":43502},[47,144179,144180,144182,144185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144181,3479],{"class":43502},[47,144183,144184],{"class":43506},"hello  ",[47,144186,29876],{"class":43502},[47,144188,144189,144191,144194],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144190,3479],{"class":43502},[47,144192,144193],{"class":43506},"  hello",[47,144195,29876],{"class":43502},[20,144197,144198],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[149,144200,108528],{"id":108527},[20,144202,144203],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[162,144205,144206,144214,144224,144227],{},[165,144207,144208,144210,144211,144213],{},[15,144209,144029],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144212,41704],{}," once",[165,144215,144216,144217,2366,144219,2370,144221,144223],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144218,455],{},[15,144220,2014],{},[15,144222,9913],{}," from both ends",[165,144225,144226],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[165,144228,144229],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144231,183],{},[38,144233,144235],{"className":40,"code":144234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144236,144237,144250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144238,144239,144241,144243,144245,144248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144240,650],{"class":53},[47,144242,58],{"class":57},[47,144244,62],{"class":61},[47,144246,144247],{"class":65},"txt_report.txt",[47,144249,69],{"class":61},[47,144251,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144253,83],{"class":82},[47,144255,87],{"class":86},[47,144257,668],{"class":90},[47,144259,94],{"class":86},[47,144261,8810],{"class":90},[47,144263,87],{"class":86},[47,144265,102],{"class":61},[47,144267,126635],{"class":65},[47,144269,102],{"class":61},[47,144271,1879],{"class":86},[20,144273,814],{},[38,144275,144277],{"className":40,"code":144276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,144278,144279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144280,144281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144282,144276],{"class":53},[20,144284,144285,144286,2366,144288,2370,144290,144292],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144287,94],{},[15,144289,63455],{},[15,144291,2350],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144294,53823,144295,4964,144298,144300],{},[15,144296,144297],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3922,144299,4813],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144302,144303,144304,144308],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[455,144305,144306],{"href":130067},[15,144307,124679],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[149,144310,1321,144312],{"id":144311},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144313,41828],{},[20,144315,144,144316,144318],{},[15,144317,41828],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144320,36601],{},[162,144322,144323,144327,144329,144332],{},[165,144324,143645,144325,4065],{},[15,144326,3135],{},[165,144328,143650],{},[165,144330,144331],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[165,144333,144334],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144336,183],{},[38,144338,144340],{"className":40,"code":144339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144341,144342,144356,144360,144373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144343,144344,144347,144349,144351,144354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144345,144346],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144348,58],{"class":57},[47,144350,62],{"class":61},[47,144352,144353],{"class":65},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144355,69],{"class":61},[47,144357,144358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144359,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,144361,144362,144364,144367,144369,144371],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144363,723],{"class":752},[47,144365,144366],{"class":53}," email",[47,144368,94],{"class":86},[47,144370,8810],{"class":90},[47,144372,21772],{"class":86},[47,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144384,144386],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144376,776],{"class":82},[47,144378,87],{"class":86},[47,144380,102],{"class":61},[47,144382,144383],{"class":65},"Email was entered",[47,144385,102],{"class":61},[47,144387,286],{"class":86},[20,144389,814],{},[38,144391,144393],{"className":40,"code":144392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,144394,144395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144396,144397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144398,144392],{"class":53},[20,144400,144401,144402,144404,144405,94],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144403,41828],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[455,144406,144407],{"href":1263},[15,144408,1266],{},[149,144410,1425],{"id":1424},[20,144412,84405],{},[162,144414,144415,144419,144424,144429],{},[165,144416,8628,144417,131705],{},[15,144418,41828],{},[165,144420,8628,144421,144423],{},[15,144422,41828],{}," to remove text from the middle",[165,144425,831,144426,144428],{},[15,144427,144297],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[165,144430,1710,144431,144434],{},[15,144432,144433],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144436,144437],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,144439,144441],{"className":40,"code":144440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144442,144443,144457,144461,144471,144485,144499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144444,144445,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144446,54],{"class":53},[47,144448,58],{"class":57},[47,144450,62],{"class":61},[47,144452,144193],{"class":65},[47,144454,87318],{"class":34629},[47,144456,69],{"class":61},[47,144458,144459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144460,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,144462,144463,144465,144467,144469],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144464,83],{"class":82},[47,144466,87],{"class":86},[47,144468,91],{"class":90},[47,144470,286],{"class":86},[47,144472,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144474,83],{"class":82},[47,144476,87],{"class":86},[47,144478,41954],{"class":82},[47,144480,87],{"class":86},[47,144482,91],{"class":90},[47,144484,1879],{"class":86},[47,144486,144487,144489,144491,144493,144495,144497],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,144488,83],{"class":82},[47,144490,87],{"class":86},[47,144492,91],{"class":90},[47,144494,94],{"class":86},[47,144496,8810],{"class":90},[47,144498,7370],{"class":86},[47,144500,144501,144503,144505,144507,144509,144511,144513,144515],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,144502,83],{"class":82},[47,144504,87],{"class":86},[47,144506,41954],{"class":82},[47,144508,87],{"class":86},[47,144510,91],{"class":90},[47,144512,94],{"class":86},[47,144514,8810],{"class":90},[47,144516,6470],{"class":86},[20,144518,814],{},[38,144520,144522],{"className":40,"code":144521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144523,144524,144529,144533,144543,144547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144525,144526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144527,144528],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144530,144531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144532,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144536,3479],{"class":43502},[47,144538,144193],{"class":43506},[47,144540,87318],{"class":143870},[47,144542,29876],{"class":43502},[47,144544,144545],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144546,138797],{"class":53},[47,144548,144549,144551,144553],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,144550,3479],{"class":43502},[47,144552,386],{"class":43506},[47,144554,29876],{"class":43502},[20,144556,144557],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,144559,144561],{"className":40,"code":144560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144562,144563,144573,144587,144601,144619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144564,144565,144567,144569,144571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144566,83],{"class":82},[47,144568,87],{"class":86},[47,144570,91],{"class":90},[47,144572,286],{"class":86},[47,144574,144575,144577,144579,144581,144583,144585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144576,83],{"class":82},[47,144578,87],{"class":86},[47,144580,41954],{"class":82},[47,144582,87],{"class":86},[47,144584,91],{"class":90},[47,144586,1879],{"class":86},[47,144588,144589,144591,144593,144595,144597,144599],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144590,83],{"class":82},[47,144592,87],{"class":86},[47,144594,91],{"class":90},[47,144596,94],{"class":86},[47,144598,8810],{"class":90},[47,144600,7370],{"class":86},[47,144602,144603,144605,144607,144609,144611,144613,144615,144617],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144604,83],{"class":82},[47,144606,87],{"class":86},[47,144608,41954],{"class":82},[47,144610,87],{"class":86},[47,144612,91],{"class":90},[47,144614,94],{"class":86},[47,144616,8810],{"class":90},[47,144618,6470],{"class":86},[47,144620,144621,144623,144625,144627,144629,144631],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,144622,32327],{"class":82},[47,144624,87],{"class":86},[47,144626,3622],{"class":1570},[47,144628,94],{"class":86},[47,144630,8810],{"class":24927},[47,144632,286],{"class":86},[20,144634,144635,144637],{},[15,144636,122733],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[149,144639,1962],{"id":1961},[469,144641,1966,144643,144645],{"id":144642},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144644,41828],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144647,46538,144648,144650],{},[15,144649,41828],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[469,144652,1966,144654,124835],{"id":144653},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144655,41828],{},[20,144657,144658],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[469,144660,5323,144662,144664],{"id":144661},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144663,41828],{}," remove by default?",[20,144666,144667],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[469,144669,34381,144671,34384,144673,2037],{"id":144670},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144672,41828],{},[15,144674,124679],{},[20,144676,144677,144679,144680,144682],{},[15,144678,41828],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144681,124679],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[469,144684,144686],{"id":144685},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144688,128361,144689,144691,144692,144694],{},[15,144690,144060],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144693,144063],{}," for the right side.",[149,144696,2062],{"id":2061},[162,144698,144699,144705,144711,144716,144721],{},[165,144700,144701],{},[455,144702,1164,144703,1168],{"href":1263},[15,144704,1266],{},[165,144706,144707],{},[455,144708,1164,144709,1168],{"href":130067},[15,144710,124679],{},[165,144712,144713],{},[455,144714,144715],{"href":143797},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[165,144717,144718],{},[455,144719,144720],{"href":87971},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[165,144722,144723],{},[455,144724,458],{"href":457},[2093,144726,144727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":144729},[144730,144731,144733,144737,144739,144740,144742,144743,144745,144746,144757],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":143382,"depth":72,"text":144732},"What strip() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":144734},[144735,144736],{"id":143505,"depth":79,"text":143497},{"id":143556,"depth":79,"text":143502},{"id":143630,"depth":72,"text":144738},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143896,"depth":72,"text":143897},{"id":144055,"depth":72,"text":144741},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108527,"depth":72,"text":108528},{"id":144311,"depth":72,"text":144744},"When to use strip()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":144747},[144748,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"id":144642,"depth":79,"text":144749},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144653,"depth":79,"text":144751},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144661,"depth":79,"text":144753},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144670,"depth":79,"text":144755},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144685,"depth":79,"text":144686},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143303,"description":144758},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144765,"title":144766,"body":144767,"description":145947,"extension":2138,"meta":145948,"navigation":75,"path":145949,"seo":145950,"stem":145951,"__hash__":145952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144768,"toc":145917},[144769,144774,144779,144784,144786,144832,144840,144845,144859,144865,144867,144869,144884,144886,144896,144899,144930,144933,144956,144958,144961,145018,145020,145034,145036,145050,145056,145061,145064,145105,145107,145116,145124,145127,145172,145174,145183,145186,145190,145195,145209,145211,145243,145245,145265,145268,145273,145278,145280,145291,145294,145351,145353,145361,145370,145372,145374,145380,145382,145419,145421,145429,145431,145472,145474,145483,145488,145493,145495,145522,145529,145532,145563,145565,145574,145580,145589,145620,145622,145634,145647,145651,145656,145686,145688,145755,145757,145767,145769,145774,145777,145782,145787,145791,145797,145803,145806,145808,145866,145868,145876,145878,145914],[10,144770,13,144772,18],{"id":144771},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144773,128366],{},[20,144775,22,144776,144778],{},[15,144777,128366],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144780,84782,144781,144783],{},[15,144782,128366],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[149,144785,2179],{"id":2178},[38,144787,144789],{"className":40,"code":144788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144790,144791,144803,144817,144827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144792,144793,144795,144797,144799,144801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144794,54],{"class":53},[47,144796,58],{"class":57},[47,144798,62],{"class":61},[47,144800,129206],{"class":65},[47,144802,69],{"class":61},[47,144804,144805,144807,144809,144811,144813,144815],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144806,2407],{"class":53},[47,144808,58],{"class":57},[47,144810,1693],{"class":53},[47,144812,94],{"class":86},[47,144814,34654],{"class":90},[47,144816,8817],{"class":86},[47,144818,144819,144821,144823,144825],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144820,83],{"class":82},[47,144822,87],{"class":86},[47,144824,2442],{"class":90},[47,144826,286],{"class":86},[47,144828,144829],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,144830,144831],{"class":113},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144833,144834,144836,144837,144839],{},[15,144835,128366],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3922,144838,4813],{}," change the original string in place.",[149,144841,152,144843,155],{"id":144842},"what-upper-does",[15,144844,128366],{},[162,144846,144847,144852,144855,144857],{},[165,144848,144849,144851],{},[15,144850,128366],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[165,144853,144854],{},"It works on string values only",[165,144856,133733],{},[165,144858,136449],{},[20,144860,125257,144861,32,144863,94],{},[455,144862,136455],{"href":136454},[455,144864,458],{"href":457},[149,144866,261],{"id":260},[20,144868,2336],{},[38,144870,144872],{"className":40,"code":144871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,144873,144874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144875,144876,144878,144880,144882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144877,274],{"class":53},[47,144879,94],{"class":86},[47,144881,34654],{"class":90},[47,144883,8817],{"class":86},[20,144885,11634],{},[162,144887,144888,144890,144893],{},[165,144889,97693],{},[165,144891,144892],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[165,144894,144895],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144897,144898],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,144900,144902],{"className":40,"code":144901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144903,144904,144916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144905,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144907,193],{"class":53},[47,144909,58],{"class":57},[47,144911,62],{"class":61},[47,144913,42],{"class":65},[47,144915,69],{"class":61},[47,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144919,83],{"class":82},[47,144921,87],{"class":86},[47,144923,214],{"class":90},[47,144925,94],{"class":86},[47,144927,34654],{"class":90},[47,144929,7370],{"class":86},[20,144931,144932],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,144934,144936],{"className":40,"code":144935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144937,144938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144939,144940,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952,144954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144941,83],{"class":82},[47,144943,87],{"class":86},[47,144945,102],{"class":61},[47,144947,386],{"class":65},[47,144949,102],{"class":61},[47,144951,94],{"class":86},[47,144953,34654],{"class":90},[47,144955,7370],{"class":86},[149,144957,11651],{"id":11650},[20,144959,144960],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,144962,144964],{"className":40,"code":144963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144965,144966,144978,144993,144997,145007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144967,144968,144970,144972,144974,144976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144969,6334],{"class":53},[47,144971,58],{"class":57},[47,144973,62],{"class":61},[47,144975,491],{"class":65},[47,144977,69],{"class":61},[47,144979,144980,144983,144985,144987,144989,144991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144981,144982],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,144984,58],{"class":57},[47,144986,38556],{"class":53},[47,144988,94],{"class":86},[47,144990,34654],{"class":90},[47,144992,8817],{"class":86},[47,144994,144995],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,144996,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145000,83],{"class":82},[47,145002,87],{"class":86},[47,145004,38566],{"class":90},[47,145006,286],{"class":86},[47,145008,145009,145011,145013,145016],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,145010,83],{"class":82},[47,145012,87],{"class":86},[47,145014,145015],{"class":90},"uppercase_word",[47,145017,286],{"class":86},[20,145019,814],{},[38,145021,145023],{"className":40,"code":145022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145024,145025,145029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145026,145027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145028,70573],{"class":53},[47,145030,145031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145032,145033],{"class":34629},"BANANA\n",[20,145035,112634],{},[162,145037,145038,145043],{},[165,145039,145040,145042],{},[15,145041,38566],{}," keeps its original value",[165,145044,145045,145047,145048],{},[15,145046,145015],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145049,128366],{},[149,145051,145053,145055],{"id":145052},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145054,128366],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145057,137115,145058,145060],{},[3922,145059,137118],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145062,145063],{},"So this method:",[38,145065,145067],{"className":40,"code":145066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145068,145069,145081,145091,145095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145070,145071,145073,145075,145077,145079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145072,193],{"class":53},[47,145074,58],{"class":57},[47,145076,62],{"class":61},[47,145078,17981],{"class":65},[47,145080,69],{"class":61},[47,145082,145083,145085,145087,145089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145084,214],{"class":53},[47,145086,94],{"class":86},[47,145088,34654],{"class":90},[47,145090,8817],{"class":86},[47,145092,145093],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145094,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145096,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145098,83],{"class":82},[47,145100,87],{"class":86},[47,145102,214],{"class":90},[47,145104,286],{"class":86},[20,145106,814],{},[38,145108,145110],{"className":40,"code":145109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,145111,145112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145113,145114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145115,145109],{"class":53},[20,145117,21156,145118,145120,145121,145123],{},[15,145119,128366],{}," was called, ",[15,145122,214],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145125,145126],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,145128,145130],{"className":40,"code":145129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145131,145132,145144,145158,145162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145133,145134,145136,145138,145140,145142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145135,193],{"class":53},[47,145137,58],{"class":57},[47,145139,62],{"class":61},[47,145141,17981],{"class":65},[47,145143,69],{"class":61},[47,145145,145146,145148,145150,145152,145154,145156],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145147,193],{"class":53},[47,145149,58],{"class":57},[47,145151,36168],{"class":53},[47,145153,94],{"class":86},[47,145155,34654],{"class":90},[47,145157,8817],{"class":86},[47,145159,145160],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145161,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145163,145164,145166,145168,145170],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145165,83],{"class":82},[47,145167,87],{"class":86},[47,145169,214],{"class":90},[47,145171,286],{"class":86},[20,145173,814],{},[38,145175,145177],{"className":40,"code":145176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,145178,145179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145180,145181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145182,145176],{"class":34629},[20,145184,145185],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[149,145187,145189],{"id":145188},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145191,145192,145194],{},[15,145193,128366],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[162,145196,145197,145200,145203,145206],{},[165,145198,145199],{},"Numbers stay the same",[165,145201,145202],{},"Spaces stay the same",[165,145204,145205],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[165,145207,145208],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145210,183],{},[38,145212,145214],{"className":40,"code":145213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145215,145216,145229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224,145227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145219,54],{"class":53},[47,145221,58],{"class":57},[47,145223,62],{"class":61},[47,145225,145226],{"class":65},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145228,69],{"class":61},[47,145230,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145232,83],{"class":82},[47,145234,87],{"class":86},[47,145236,91],{"class":90},[47,145238,94],{"class":86},[47,145240,34654],{"class":90},[47,145242,7370],{"class":86},[20,145244,814],{},[38,145246,145248],{"className":40,"code":145247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145249,145250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145251,145252,145255,145257,145259,145262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145253,145254],{"class":34629},"ROOM",[47,145256,6173],{"class":445},[47,145258,309],{"class":86},[47,145260,145261],{"class":34629}," TABLE",[47,145263,145264],{"class":113}," #3!\n",[20,145266,145267],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[149,145269,1321,145271],{"id":145270},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145272,128366],{},[20,145274,145275,145277],{},[15,145276,128366],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145279,48513],{},[162,145281,145282,145285,145288],{},[165,145283,145284],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[165,145286,145287],{},"Format labels or headings",[165,145289,145290],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145292,145293],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,145295,145297],{"className":40,"code":145296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145298,145299,145311,145315,145337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145300,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145302,136726],{"class":53},[47,145304,58],{"class":57},[47,145306,62],{"class":61},[47,145308,8832],{"class":65},[47,145310,69],{"class":61},[47,145312,145313],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145314,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145316,145317,145319,145321,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145318,723],{"class":752},[47,145320,136746],{"class":53},[47,145322,94],{"class":86},[47,145324,34654],{"class":90},[47,145326,7541],{"class":86},[47,145328,6587],{"class":57},[47,145330,62],{"class":61},[47,145332,136733],{"class":65},[47,145334,102],{"class":61},[47,145336,795],{"class":86},[47,145338,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347,145349],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145340,776],{"class":82},[47,145342,87],{"class":86},[47,145344,102],{"class":61},[47,145346,143776],{"class":65},[47,145348,102],{"class":61},[47,145350,286],{"class":86},[20,145352,814],{},[38,145354,145355],{"className":40,"code":143785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145356,145357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145358,145359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145360,143785],{"class":53},[20,145362,145363,145364,2366,145366,2370,145368,94],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145365,8832],{},[15,145367,137518],{},[15,145369,136733],{},[149,145371,1425],{"id":1424},[469,145373,96054],{"id":96053},[20,145375,8292,145376,145379],{},[15,145377,145378],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145381,1783],{},[38,145383,145385],{"className":40,"code":145384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145386,145387,145399,145409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145388,145389,145391,145393,145395,145397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145390,54],{"class":53},[47,145392,58],{"class":57},[47,145394,62],{"class":61},[47,145396,386],{"class":65},[47,145398,69],{"class":61},[47,145400,145401,145403,145405,145407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145402,91],{"class":53},[47,145404,94],{"class":86},[47,145406,34654],{"class":90},[47,145408,8817],{"class":86},[47,145410,145411,145413,145415,145417],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145412,83],{"class":82},[47,145414,87],{"class":86},[47,145416,91],{"class":90},[47,145418,286],{"class":86},[20,145420,814],{},[38,145422,145423],{"className":40,"code":138797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145424,145425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145426,145427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145428,138797],{"class":53},[20,145430,1795],{},[38,145432,145434],{"className":40,"code":145433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145435,145436,145448,145462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145437,145438,145440,145442,145444,145446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145439,54],{"class":53},[47,145441,58],{"class":57},[47,145443,62],{"class":61},[47,145445,386],{"class":65},[47,145447,69],{"class":61},[47,145449,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145451,54],{"class":53},[47,145453,58],{"class":57},[47,145455,1693],{"class":53},[47,145457,94],{"class":86},[47,145459,34654],{"class":90},[47,145461,8817],{"class":86},[47,145463,145464,145466,145468,145470],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145465,83],{"class":82},[47,145467,87],{"class":86},[47,145469,91],{"class":90},[47,145471,286],{"class":86},[20,145473,814],{},[38,145475,145477],{"className":40,"code":145476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,145478,145479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145480,145481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145482,145476],{"class":34629},[469,145484,19086,145486,1522],{"id":145485},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145487,128366],{},[20,145489,145490,145492],{},[15,145491,128366],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145494,183],{},[38,145496,145498],{"className":40,"code":145497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145499,145500,145508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145501,145502,145504,145506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145503,2394],{"class":53},[47,145505,58],{"class":57},[47,145507,1540],{"class":445},[47,145509,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145511,83],{"class":82},[47,145513,87],{"class":86},[47,145515,2417],{"class":90},[47,145517,94],{"class":86},[47,145519,34654],{"class":90},[47,145521,7370],{"class":86},[20,145523,39828,145524,145526,145527,33776],{},[15,145525,2365],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145528,128366],{},[20,145530,145531],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,145533,145535],{"className":40,"code":145534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145536,145537,145545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145538,145539,145541,145543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145540,2394],{"class":53},[47,145542,58],{"class":57},[47,145544,1540],{"class":445},[47,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145548,83],{"class":82},[47,145550,87],{"class":86},[47,145552,3622],{"class":1570},[47,145554,87],{"class":86},[47,145556,2417],{"class":90},[47,145558,8807],{"class":86},[47,145560,34654],{"class":90},[47,145562,7370],{"class":86},[20,145564,814],{},[38,145566,145568],{"className":40,"code":145567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,145569,145570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145571,145572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145573,145567],{"class":445},[469,145575,1608,145577,145579],{"id":145576},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145578,128366],{}," with title case",[20,145581,145582,145584,145585,145588],{},[15,145583,128366],{}," makes ",[3922,145586,145587],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,145590,145592],{"className":40,"code":145591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145593,145594,145606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145595,145596,145598,145600,145602,145604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145597,54],{"class":53},[47,145599,58],{"class":57},[47,145601,62],{"class":61},[47,145603,361],{"class":65},[47,145605,69],{"class":61},[47,145607,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616,145618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145609,83],{"class":82},[47,145611,87],{"class":86},[47,145613,91],{"class":90},[47,145615,94],{"class":86},[47,145617,34654],{"class":90},[47,145619,7370],{"class":86},[20,145621,814],{},[38,145623,145625],{"className":40,"code":145624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145626,145627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145628,145629,145631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145630,136507],{"class":34629},[47,145632,145633],{"class":34629}," WORLD\n",[20,145635,145636,145637,145641,145642,145646],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[455,145638,145639],{"href":1263},[15,145640,1266],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[455,145643,145644],{"href":130067},[15,145645,124679],{}," changes parts of a string.",[149,145648,145650],{"id":145649},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145652,145653,145654,3062],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145655,128366],{},[162,145657,145658,145665,145672,145679],{},[165,145659,145660,145664],{},[455,145661,145662],{"href":1263},[15,145663,1266],{}," for lowercase text",[165,145666,145667,145671],{},[455,145668,145669],{"href":137053},[15,145670,41828],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[165,145673,145674,145678],{},[455,145675,145676],{"href":130067},[15,145677,124679],{}," for changing parts of a string",[165,145680,145681,837,145683,145685],{},[15,145682,17],{},[15,145684,1167],{}," for checks",[20,145687,183],{},[38,145689,145691],{"className":40,"code":145690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145692,145693,145705,145709,145724,145740,145744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145694,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145696,54],{"class":53},[47,145698,58],{"class":57},[47,145700,62],{"class":61},[47,145702,143427],{"class":65},[47,145704,69],{"class":61},[47,145706,145707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145708,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145710,145711,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145712,145713],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,145715,58],{"class":57},[47,145717,1693],{"class":53},[47,145719,94],{"class":86},[47,145721,8810],{"class":90},[47,145723,8817],{"class":86},[47,145725,145726,145729,145731,145734,145736,145738],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145727,145728],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,145730,58],{"class":57},[47,145732,145733],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,145735,94],{"class":86},[47,145737,34654],{"class":90},[47,145739,8817],{"class":86},[47,145741,145742],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,145743,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145745,145746,145748,145750,145753],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,145747,83],{"class":82},[47,145749,87],{"class":86},[47,145751,145752],{"class":90},"loud",[47,145754,286],{"class":86},[20,145756,814],{},[38,145758,145759],{"className":40,"code":145624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145760,145761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145762,145763,145765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145764,136507],{"class":34629},[47,145766,145633],{"class":34629},[149,145768,1962],{"id":1961},[469,145770,1966,145772,124835],{"id":145771},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145773,128366],{},[20,145775,145776],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[469,145778,1966,145780,137786],{"id":145779},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145781,128366],{},[20,145783,145784,145785,94],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145786,145378],{},[469,145788,145790],{"id":145789},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145792,145793,145794,145796],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145795,128366],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[469,145798,2049,145800,145802],{"id":145799},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145801,128366],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145804,145805],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145807,183],{},[38,145809,145811],{"className":40,"code":145810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145812,145813,145825,145838,145842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145814,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145816,2732],{"class":53},[47,145818,58],{"class":57},[47,145820,62],{"class":61},[47,145822,42],{"class":65},[47,145824,69],{"class":61},[47,145826,145827,145829,145831,145833,145836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145828,2760],{"class":53},[47,145830,58],{"class":57},[47,145832,62],{"class":61},[47,145834,145835],{"class":65},"PYTHON",[47,145837,69],{"class":61},[47,145839,145840],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,145841,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,145843,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,145845,83],{"class":82},[47,145847,87],{"class":86},[47,145849,455],{"class":90},[47,145851,94],{"class":86},[47,145853,34654],{"class":90},[47,145855,7541],{"class":86},[47,145857,6587],{"class":57},[47,145859,2737],{"class":90},[47,145861,94],{"class":86},[47,145863,34654],{"class":90},[47,145865,7370],{"class":86},[20,145867,814],{},[38,145869,145870],{"className":40,"code":4160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145871,145872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145873,145874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145875,4160],{"class":4032},[149,145877,2062],{"id":2061},[162,145879,145880,145884,145890,145896,145902,145906,145910],{},[165,145881,145882],{},[455,145883,458],{"href":457},[165,145885,145886],{},[455,145887,1164,145888,1168],{"href":1263},[15,145889,1266],{},[165,145891,145892],{},[455,145893,1164,145894,1168],{"href":137053},[15,145895,41828],{},[165,145897,145898],{},[455,145899,1164,145900,1168],{"href":130067},[15,145901,124679],{},[165,145903,145904],{},[455,145905,90848],{"href":89857},[165,145907,145908],{},[455,145909,2087],{"href":1705},[165,145911,145912],{},[455,145913,137872],{"href":136454},[2093,145915,145916],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":145918},[145919,145920,145922,145923,145924,145926,145927,145929,145936,145937,145946],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":144842,"depth":72,"text":145921},"What upper() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":145052,"depth":72,"text":145925},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145188,"depth":72,"text":145189},{"id":145270,"depth":72,"text":145928},"When to use upper()",{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":145930},[145931,145932,145934],{"id":96053,"depth":79,"text":96054},{"id":145485,"depth":79,"text":145933},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145576,"depth":79,"text":145935},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145649,"depth":72,"text":145650},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":145938},[145939,145941,145943,145944],{"id":145771,"depth":79,"text":145940},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145779,"depth":79,"text":145942},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145789,"depth":79,"text":145790},{"id":145799,"depth":79,"text":145945},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144766,"description":145947},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145954,"title":145955,"body":145956,"description":147833,"extension":2138,"meta":147834,"navigation":75,"path":147835,"seo":147836,"stem":147837,"__hash__":147838},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145957,"toc":147783},[145958,145964,145971,145977,145979,146035,146040,146045,146050,146053,146072,146075,146077,146101,146119,146130,146132,146135,146188,146190,146198,146200,146218,146223,146226,146283,146285,146294,146297,146317,146320,146326,146331,146333,146376,146378,146386,146389,146430,146432,146441,146447,146453,146480,146482,146490,146495,146499,146511,146554,146556,146564,146569,146575,146580,146584,146586,146629,146632,146679,146681,146690,146697,146701,146704,146750,146755,146759,146761,146804,146807,146815,146817,146822,146824,146826,146845,146848,146860,146862,146881,146883,146891,146895,146897,146948,146951,147026,147028,147036,147039,147043,147045,147092,147095,147166,147168,147176,147182,147184,147259,147263,147342,147344,147352,147358,147364,147369,147374,147423,147427,147498,147501,147506,147517,147520,147531,147541,147543,147548,147573,147578,147659,147661,147686,147688,147693,147696,147702,147711,147717,147720,147726,147732,147739,147742,147744,147780],[10,145959,3755,145961,3759],{"id":145960},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145962,145963],{},"sum()",[20,145965,9297,145966,145968,145969,24941],{},[15,145967,145963],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145970,60169],{},[20,145972,145973,145974,145976],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145975,522],{}," value and a few important limits.",[149,145978,2179],{"id":2178},[38,145980,145982],{"className":40,"code":145981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145983,145984,146008,146023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145985,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145987,3798],{"class":53},[47,145989,58],{"class":57},[47,145991,3803],{"class":86},[47,145993,1598],{"class":445},[47,145995,309],{"class":86},[47,145997,1769],{"class":445},[47,145999,309],{"class":86},[47,146001,2630],{"class":445},[47,146003,309],{"class":86},[47,146005,912],{"class":445},[47,146007,3816],{"class":86},[47,146009,146010,146012,146014,146017,146019,146021],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146011,41357],{"class":53},[47,146013,58],{"class":57},[47,146015,146016],{"class":82}," sum",[47,146018,87],{"class":86},[47,146020,3830],{"class":90},[47,146022,286],{"class":86},[47,146024,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,146026,83],{"class":82},[47,146028,87],{"class":86},[47,146030,41386],{"class":90},[47,146032,1696],{"class":86},[47,146034,26973],{"class":113},[20,146036,144,146037,146039],{},[15,146038,145963],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[149,146041,152,146043,155],{"id":146042},"what-sum-does",[15,146044,145963],{},[20,146046,146047,146049],{},[15,146048,145963],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146051,146052],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[162,146054,146055,146058,146061,146066],{},[165,146056,146057],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[165,146059,146060],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[165,146062,146063,146064],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146065,36373],{},[165,146067,146068,146069,146071],{},"Counting ",[15,146070,31],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146073,146074],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[149,146076,261],{"id":260},[38,146078,146080],{"className":40,"code":146079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146081,146082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146083,146084,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146085,146086],{"class":82},"sum",[47,146088,87],{"class":86},[47,146090,3899],{"class":90},[47,146092,309],{"class":86},[47,146094,312],{"class":9350},[47,146096,58],{"class":57},[47,146098,1721],{"class":445},[47,146100,286],{"class":86},[162,146102,146103,146108,146113],{},[165,146104,146105,146107],{},[15,146106,3899],{}," is the group of values to add",[165,146109,146110,146112],{},[15,146111,522],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[165,146114,146115,146116],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146117,146118],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146120,146121,146122,146125,146126,94],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146123,146124,3899],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[455,146127,146128,24794],{"href":36370},[15,146129,36373],{},[149,146131,11651],{"id":11650},[20,146133,146134],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,146136,146138],{"className":40,"code":146137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146139,146140,146160,146174,146178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146141,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146143,3798],{"class":53},[47,146145,58],{"class":57},[47,146147,3803],{"class":86},[47,146149,2313],{"class":445},[47,146151,309],{"class":86},[47,146153,6184],{"class":445},[47,146155,309],{"class":86},[47,146157,38111],{"class":445},[47,146159,3816],{"class":86},[47,146161,146162,146164,146166,146168,146170,146172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146163,41357],{"class":53},[47,146165,58],{"class":57},[47,146167,146016],{"class":82},[47,146169,87],{"class":86},[47,146171,3830],{"class":90},[47,146173,286],{"class":86},[47,146175,146176],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,146177,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,146179,146180,146182,146184,146186],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,146181,83],{"class":82},[47,146183,87],{"class":86},[47,146185,41386],{"class":90},[47,146187,286],{"class":86},[20,146189,814],{},[38,146191,146192],{"className":40,"code":70007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146193,146194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146195,146196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146197,70007],{"class":445},[20,146199,11860],{},[162,146201,146202,146207,146213],{},[165,146203,146204,146206],{},[15,146205,3830],{}," contains three integers",[165,146208,146209,146212],{},[15,146210,146211],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[165,146214,146215,146216],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146217,41386],{},[149,146219,36788,146221,8608],{"id":146220},"using-the-start-value",[15,146222,522],{},[20,146224,146225],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,146227,146229],{"className":40,"code":146228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146230,146231,146251,146269,146273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146232,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146234,3798],{"class":53},[47,146236,58],{"class":57},[47,146238,3803],{"class":86},[47,146240,1598],{"class":445},[47,146242,309],{"class":86},[47,146244,1769],{"class":445},[47,146246,309],{"class":86},[47,146248,2630],{"class":445},[47,146250,3816],{"class":86},[47,146252,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146254,41357],{"class":53},[47,146256,58],{"class":57},[47,146258,146016],{"class":82},[47,146260,87],{"class":86},[47,146262,3830],{"class":90},[47,146264,309],{"class":86},[47,146266,6184],{"class":445},[47,146268,286],{"class":86},[47,146270,146271],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,146272,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,146274,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,146276,83],{"class":82},[47,146278,87],{"class":86},[47,146280,41386],{"class":90},[47,146282,286],{"class":86},[20,146284,814],{},[38,146286,146288],{"className":40,"code":146287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,146289,146290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146291,146292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146293,146287],{"class":445},[20,146295,146296],{},"This works like:",[162,146298,146299,146304,146309,146313],{},[165,146300,146301,146302],{},"Start at ",[15,146303,2509],{},[165,146305,146306,146307],{},"Add ",[15,146308,1598],{},[165,146310,146306,146311],{},[15,146312,2233],{},[165,146314,146306,146315],{},[15,146316,2239],{},[20,146318,146319],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[149,146321,152,146323,146325],{"id":146322},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146324,145963],{}," can work with",[20,146327,146328,146330],{},[15,146329,145963],{}," works with numeric values.",[469,146332,40600],{"id":40599},[38,146334,146336],{"className":40,"code":146335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146337,146338,146362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146339,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146341,4003],{"class":53},[47,146343,58],{"class":57},[47,146345,3803],{"class":86},[47,146347,1598],{"class":445},[47,146349,309],{"class":86},[47,146351,1769],{"class":445},[47,146353,309],{"class":86},[47,146355,2630],{"class":445},[47,146357,309],{"class":86},[47,146359,912],{"class":445},[47,146361,3816],{"class":86},[47,146363,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146365,83],{"class":82},[47,146367,87],{"class":86},[47,146369,146086],{"class":82},[47,146371,87],{"class":86},[47,146373,5538],{"class":90},[47,146375,1879],{"class":86},[20,146377,814],{},[38,146379,146380],{"className":40,"code":2555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146381,146382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146383,146384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146385,2555],{"class":445},[469,146387,146388],{"id":52216},"Floats",[38,146390,146392],{"className":40,"code":146391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146393,146394,146416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146395,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146409,146411,146414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146397,83213],{"class":53},[47,146399,58],{"class":57},[47,146401,3803],{"class":86},[47,146403,41333],{"class":445},[47,146405,309],{"class":86},[47,146407,146408],{"class":445}," 3.75",[47,146410,309],{"class":86},[47,146412,146413],{"class":445}," 1.25",[47,146415,3816],{"class":86},[47,146417,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146419,83],{"class":82},[47,146421,87],{"class":86},[47,146423,146086],{"class":82},[47,146425,87],{"class":86},[47,146427,83249],{"class":90},[47,146429,1879],{"class":86},[20,146431,814],{},[38,146433,146435],{"className":40,"code":146434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,146436,146437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146438,146439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146440,146434],{"class":445},[20,146442,146443,146444,94],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[455,146445,146446],{"href":2598},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[469,146448,146450,146451],{"id":146449},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146452,36373],{},[38,146454,146456],{"className":40,"code":146455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146457,146458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146461,83],{"class":82},[47,146463,87],{"class":86},[47,146465,146086],{"class":82},[47,146467,87],{"class":86},[47,146469,60169],{"class":82},[47,146471,87],{"class":86},[47,146473,1598],{"class":445},[47,146475,309],{"class":86},[47,146477,446],{"class":445},[47,146479,1958],{"class":86},[20,146481,814],{},[38,146483,146484],{"className":40,"code":47214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146485,146486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146487,146488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146489,47214],{"class":445},[20,146491,113724,146492,94],{},[15,146493,146494],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[469,146496,146498],{"id":146497},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146500,146501,146502,146504,146505,837,146507,146504,146509,94],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146503,31],{}," acts like ",[15,146506,1598],{},[15,146508,35],{},[15,146510,1721],{},[38,146512,146514],{"className":40,"code":146513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146515,146516,146540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146517,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146519,52136],{"class":53},[47,146521,58],{"class":57},[47,146523,3803],{"class":86},[47,146525,31],{"class":4032},[47,146527,309],{"class":86},[47,146529,4087],{"class":4032},[47,146531,309],{"class":86},[47,146533,4096],{"class":4032},[47,146535,309],{"class":86},[47,146537,4096],{"class":4032},[47,146539,3816],{"class":86},[47,146541,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146543,83],{"class":82},[47,146545,87],{"class":86},[47,146547,146086],{"class":82},[47,146549,87],{"class":86},[47,146551,52189],{"class":90},[47,146553,1879],{"class":86},[20,146555,814],{},[38,146557,146558],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146559,146560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146561,146562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146563,46790],{"class":445},[20,146565,146566,146567,94],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146568,31],{},[149,146570,152,146572,146574],{"id":146571},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146573,145963],{}," does not work with",[20,146576,146577,146579],{},[15,146578,145963],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[469,146581,146583],{"id":146582},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146585,3014],{},[38,146587,146589],{"className":40,"code":146588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146590,146591,146615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146592,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146594,4251],{"class":53},[47,146596,58],{"class":57},[47,146598,3803],{"class":86},[47,146600,102],{"class":61},[47,146602,386],{"class":65},[47,146604,102],{"class":61},[47,146606,309],{"class":86},[47,146608,62],{"class":61},[47,146610,412],{"class":65},[47,146612,102],{"class":61},[47,146614,3816],{"class":86},[47,146616,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146618,83],{"class":82},[47,146620,87],{"class":86},[47,146622,146086],{"class":82},[47,146624,87],{"class":86},[47,146626,4294],{"class":90},[47,146628,1879],{"class":86},[20,146630,146631],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,146633,146635],{"className":40,"code":146634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146636,146637,146661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146638,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146640,4251],{"class":53},[47,146642,58],{"class":57},[47,146644,3803],{"class":86},[47,146646,102],{"class":61},[47,146648,386],{"class":65},[47,146650,102],{"class":61},[47,146652,309],{"class":86},[47,146654,62],{"class":61},[47,146656,412],{"class":65},[47,146658,102],{"class":61},[47,146660,3816],{"class":86},[47,146662,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146664,83],{"class":82},[47,146666,87],{"class":86},[47,146668,6452],{"class":61},[47,146670,94],{"class":86},[47,146672,133644],{"class":90},[47,146674,87],{"class":86},[47,146676,4294],{"class":90},[47,146678,1879],{"class":86},[20,146680,814],{},[38,146682,146684],{"className":40,"code":146683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,146685,146686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146687,146688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146689,146683],{"class":53},[20,146691,146692,146693,94],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[455,146694,146695,5962],{"href":42350},[15,146696,47857],{},[469,146698,146700],{"id":146699},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146702,146703],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,146705,146707],{"className":40,"code":146706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146708,146709,146736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146710,146711,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146712,146713],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,146715,58],{"class":57},[47,146717,56463],{"class":86},[47,146719,1598],{"class":445},[47,146721,309],{"class":86},[47,146723,1769],{"class":445},[47,146725,18240],{"class":86},[47,146727,3803],{"class":86},[47,146729,2239],{"class":445},[47,146731,309],{"class":86},[47,146733,912],{"class":445},[47,146735,53412],{"class":86},[47,146737,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146739,83],{"class":82},[47,146741,87],{"class":86},[47,146743,146086],{"class":82},[47,146745,87],{"class":86},[47,146747,5479],{"class":90},[47,146749,1879],{"class":86},[20,146751,146752,146754],{},[15,146753,145963],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[469,146756,146758],{"id":146757},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146760,5651],{},[38,146762,146764],{"className":40,"code":146763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146765,146766,146790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146769,4003],{"class":53},[47,146771,58],{"class":57},[47,146773,3803],{"class":86},[47,146775,1598],{"class":445},[47,146777,309],{"class":86},[47,146779,1769],{"class":445},[47,146781,309],{"class":86},[47,146783,62],{"class":61},[47,146785,2239],{"class":65},[47,146787,102],{"class":61},[47,146789,3816],{"class":86},[47,146791,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146793,83],{"class":82},[47,146795,87],{"class":86},[47,146797,146086],{"class":82},[47,146799,87],{"class":86},[47,146801,5538],{"class":90},[47,146803,1879],{"class":86},[20,146805,146806],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146808,146809,146810,146812,146813,94],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146811,66113],{},", convert them first. See ",[455,146814,3140],{"href":3139},[149,146816,41679],{"id":41678},[20,146818,146819,146820,94],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146821,145963],{},[469,146823,6701],{"id":6700},[20,146825,4707],{},[38,146827,146829],{"className":40,"code":146828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146830,146831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146832,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146834,83],{"class":82},[47,146836,87],{"class":86},[47,146838,146086],{"class":82},[47,146840,87],{"class":86},[47,146842,2313],{"class":445},[47,146844,1879],{"class":86},[20,146846,146847],{},"Why it fails:",[162,146849,146850,146855],{},[165,146851,146852,146854],{},[15,146853,2313],{}," is a single integer",[165,146856,146857,146859],{},[15,146858,145963],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146861,6731],{},[38,146863,146865],{"className":40,"code":146864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146866,146867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146868,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146870,83],{"class":82},[47,146872,87],{"class":86},[47,146874,146086],{"class":82},[47,146876,3163],{"class":86},[47,146878,2313],{"class":445},[47,146880,3176],{"class":86},[20,146882,814],{},[38,146884,146885],{"className":40,"code":3124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146886,146887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146888,146889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146890,3124],{"class":445},[469,146892,146894],{"id":146893},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146896,4707],{},[38,146898,146900],{"className":40,"code":146899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146901,146902,146934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146905,4003],{"class":53},[47,146907,58],{"class":57},[47,146909,3803],{"class":86},[47,146911,102],{"class":61},[47,146913,1598],{"class":65},[47,146915,102],{"class":61},[47,146917,309],{"class":86},[47,146919,62],{"class":61},[47,146921,2233],{"class":65},[47,146923,102],{"class":61},[47,146925,309],{"class":86},[47,146927,62],{"class":61},[47,146929,2239],{"class":65},[47,146931,102],{"class":61},[47,146933,3816],{"class":86},[47,146935,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146937,83],{"class":82},[47,146939,87],{"class":86},[47,146941,146086],{"class":82},[47,146943,87],{"class":86},[47,146945,5538],{"class":90},[47,146947,1879],{"class":86},[20,146949,146950],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,146952,146954],{"className":40,"code":146953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146955,146956,146988,147016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146957,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146959,4003],{"class":53},[47,146961,58],{"class":57},[47,146963,3803],{"class":86},[47,146965,102],{"class":61},[47,146967,1598],{"class":65},[47,146969,102],{"class":61},[47,146971,309],{"class":86},[47,146973,62],{"class":61},[47,146975,2233],{"class":65},[47,146977,102],{"class":61},[47,146979,309],{"class":86},[47,146981,62],{"class":61},[47,146983,2239],{"class":65},[47,146985,102],{"class":61},[47,146987,3816],{"class":86},[47,146989,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146991,41357],{"class":53},[47,146993,58],{"class":57},[47,146995,146016],{"class":82},[47,146997,87],{"class":86},[47,146999,2365],{"class":1570},[47,147001,87],{"class":86},[47,147003,2350],{"class":90},[47,147005,1696],{"class":86},[47,147007,4057],{"class":752},[47,147009,4060],{"class":90},[47,147011,1613],{"class":752},[47,147013,4065],{"class":90},[47,147015,286],{"class":86},[47,147017,147018,147020,147022,147024],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147019,83],{"class":82},[47,147021,87],{"class":86},[47,147023,41386],{"class":90},[47,147025,286],{"class":86},[20,147027,814],{},[38,147029,147030],{"className":40,"code":2833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147031,147032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147033,147034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147035,2833],{"class":445},[20,147037,147038],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[469,147040,147042],{"id":147041},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147044,4707],{},[38,147046,147048],{"className":40,"code":147047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147049,147050,147078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147051,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147053,4003],{"class":53},[47,147055,58],{"class":57},[47,147057,3803],{"class":86},[47,147059,1598],{"class":445},[47,147061,309],{"class":86},[47,147063,1769],{"class":445},[47,147065,309],{"class":86},[47,147067,62],{"class":61},[47,147069,2239],{"class":65},[47,147071,102],{"class":61},[47,147073,309],{"class":86},[47,147075,912],{"class":445},[47,147077,3816],{"class":86},[47,147079,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147081,83],{"class":82},[47,147083,87],{"class":86},[47,147085,146086],{"class":82},[47,147087,87],{"class":86},[47,147089,5538],{"class":90},[47,147091,1879],{"class":86},[20,147093,147094],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,147096,147098],{"className":40,"code":147097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147099,147100,147128,147156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147101,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147103,4003],{"class":53},[47,147105,58],{"class":57},[47,147107,3803],{"class":86},[47,147109,1598],{"class":445},[47,147111,309],{"class":86},[47,147113,1769],{"class":445},[47,147115,309],{"class":86},[47,147117,62],{"class":61},[47,147119,2239],{"class":65},[47,147121,102],{"class":61},[47,147123,309],{"class":86},[47,147125,912],{"class":445},[47,147127,3816],{"class":86},[47,147129,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147131,41357],{"class":53},[47,147133,58],{"class":57},[47,147135,146016],{"class":82},[47,147137,87],{"class":86},[47,147139,2365],{"class":1570},[47,147141,87],{"class":86},[47,147143,2350],{"class":90},[47,147145,1696],{"class":86},[47,147147,4057],{"class":752},[47,147149,4060],{"class":90},[47,147151,1613],{"class":752},[47,147153,4065],{"class":90},[47,147155,286],{"class":86},[47,147157,147158,147160,147162,147164],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147159,83],{"class":82},[47,147161,87],{"class":86},[47,147163,41386],{"class":90},[47,147165,286],{"class":86},[20,147167,814],{},[38,147169,147170],{"className":40,"code":2555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147171,147172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147173,147174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147175,2555],{"class":445},[469,147177,831,147179,147181],{"id":147178},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147180,145963],{}," to join text",[20,147183,4707],{},[38,147185,147187],{"className":40,"code":147186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147188,147189,147245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147190,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147192,36265],{"class":53},[47,147194,58],{"class":57},[47,147196,3803],{"class":86},[47,147198,102],{"class":61},[47,147200,134243],{"class":65},[47,147202,102],{"class":61},[47,147204,309],{"class":86},[47,147206,62],{"class":61},[47,147208,11922],{"class":65},[47,147210,102],{"class":61},[47,147212,309],{"class":86},[47,147214,62],{"class":61},[47,147216,63455],{"class":65},[47,147218,102],{"class":61},[47,147220,309],{"class":86},[47,147222,62],{"class":61},[47,147224,60608],{"class":65},[47,147226,102],{"class":61},[47,147228,309],{"class":86},[47,147230,62],{"class":61},[47,147232,60643],{"class":65},[47,147234,102],{"class":61},[47,147236,309],{"class":86},[47,147238,62],{"class":61},[47,147240,76196],{"class":65},[47,147242,102],{"class":61},[47,147244,3816],{"class":86},[47,147246,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147248,83],{"class":82},[47,147250,87],{"class":86},[47,147252,146086],{"class":82},[47,147254,87],{"class":86},[47,147256,36318],{"class":90},[47,147258,1879],{"class":86},[20,147260,144,147261,60702],{},[15,147262,133567],{},[38,147264,147266],{"className":40,"code":147265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147267,147268,147324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147269,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147271,36265],{"class":53},[47,147273,58],{"class":57},[47,147275,3803],{"class":86},[47,147277,102],{"class":61},[47,147279,134243],{"class":65},[47,147281,102],{"class":61},[47,147283,309],{"class":86},[47,147285,62],{"class":61},[47,147287,11922],{"class":65},[47,147289,102],{"class":61},[47,147291,309],{"class":86},[47,147293,62],{"class":61},[47,147295,63455],{"class":65},[47,147297,102],{"class":61},[47,147299,309],{"class":86},[47,147301,62],{"class":61},[47,147303,60608],{"class":65},[47,147305,102],{"class":61},[47,147307,309],{"class":86},[47,147309,62],{"class":61},[47,147311,60643],{"class":65},[47,147313,102],{"class":61},[47,147315,309],{"class":86},[47,147317,62],{"class":61},[47,147319,76196],{"class":65},[47,147321,102],{"class":61},[47,147323,3816],{"class":86},[47,147325,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147327,83],{"class":82},[47,147329,87],{"class":86},[47,147331,6452],{"class":61},[47,147333,94],{"class":86},[47,147335,133644],{"class":90},[47,147337,87],{"class":86},[47,147339,36318],{"class":90},[47,147341,1879],{"class":86},[20,147343,814],{},[38,147345,147346],{"className":40,"code":134324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147347,147348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147349,147350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147351,134324],{"class":53},[20,147353,147354,147355,94],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[455,147356,147357],{"href":135404},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[149,147359,147361,147363],{"id":147360},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147362,145963],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147365,147366,147368],{},[15,147367,145963],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[469,147370,831,147372],{"id":147371},"using-sum",[15,147373,145963],{},[38,147375,147377],{"className":40,"code":147376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147378,147379,147399,147413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147380,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147382,3798],{"class":53},[47,147384,58],{"class":57},[47,147386,3803],{"class":86},[47,147388,2682],{"class":445},[47,147390,309],{"class":86},[47,147392,6173],{"class":445},[47,147394,309],{"class":86},[47,147396,627],{"class":445},[47,147398,3816],{"class":86},[47,147400,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147402,41357],{"class":53},[47,147404,58],{"class":57},[47,147406,146016],{"class":82},[47,147408,87],{"class":86},[47,147410,3830],{"class":90},[47,147412,286],{"class":86},[47,147414,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147416,83],{"class":82},[47,147418,87],{"class":86},[47,147420,41386],{"class":90},[47,147422,286],{"class":86},[469,147424,147426],{"id":147425},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,147428,147430],{"className":40,"code":147429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147431,147432,147452,147460,147464,147476,147484,147488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147433,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147435,3798],{"class":53},[47,147437,58],{"class":57},[47,147439,3803],{"class":86},[47,147441,2682],{"class":445},[47,147443,309],{"class":86},[47,147445,6173],{"class":445},[47,147447,309],{"class":86},[47,147449,627],{"class":445},[47,147451,3816],{"class":86},[47,147453,147454,147456,147458],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147455,41357],{"class":53},[47,147457,58],{"class":57},[47,147459,38688],{"class":445},[47,147461,147462],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147463,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,147465,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,147467,6137],{"class":752},[47,147469,6566],{"class":53},[47,147471,1613],{"class":752},[47,147473,4444],{"class":53},[47,147475,795],{"class":86},[47,147477,147478,147480,147482],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,147479,90272],{"class":53},[47,147481,90275],{"class":57},[47,147483,90278],{"class":53},[47,147485,147486],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,147487,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,147489,147490,147492,147494,147496],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,147491,83],{"class":82},[47,147493,87],{"class":86},[47,147495,41386],{"class":90},[47,147497,286],{"class":86},[20,147499,147500],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147502,2666,147503,147505],{},[15,147504,145963],{}," is often better:",[162,147507,147508,147511,147514],{},[165,147509,147510],{},"Shorter code",[165,147512,147513],{},"Easier to read",[165,147515,147516],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147518,147519],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[162,147521,147522,147525,147528],{},[165,147523,147524],{},"You need to skip some values",[165,147526,147527],{},"You need extra checks",[165,147529,147530],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147532,147533,147534,147537,147538,147540],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[455,147535,147536],{"href":40183},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147539,145963],{}," on the filtered result.",[149,147542,1425],{"id":1424},[20,147544,147545,147546,3062],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147547,145963],{},[162,147549,147550,147556,147563,147570],{},[165,147551,147552,147553],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147554,147555],{},"sum(5)",[165,147557,147558,147559,147562],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147560,147561],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[165,147564,831,147565,147567,147568],{},[15,147566,145963],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147569,133567],{},[165,147571,147572],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147574,9049,147575,147577],{},[15,147576,145963],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,147579,147581],{"className":40,"code":147580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147582,147583,147593,147607,147631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147584,147585,147587,147589,147591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147586,83],{"class":82},[47,147588,87],{"class":86},[47,147590,5538],{"class":90},[47,147592,286],{"class":86},[47,147594,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147596,83],{"class":82},[47,147598,87],{"class":86},[47,147600,1872],{"class":1570},[47,147602,87],{"class":86},[47,147604,5538],{"class":90},[47,147606,1879],{"class":86},[47,147608,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147610,83],{"class":82},[47,147612,3163],{"class":86},[47,147614,1872],{"class":1570},[47,147616,87],{"class":86},[47,147618,2350],{"class":90},[47,147620,1696],{"class":86},[47,147622,4057],{"class":752},[47,147624,4060],{"class":90},[47,147626,1613],{"class":752},[47,147628,4065],{"class":90},[47,147630,4068],{"class":86},[47,147632,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,147634,83],{"class":82},[47,147636,87],{"class":86},[47,147638,146086],{"class":82},[47,147640,3163],{"class":86},[47,147642,2365],{"class":1570},[47,147644,87],{"class":86},[47,147646,2350],{"class":90},[47,147648,1696],{"class":86},[47,147650,4057],{"class":752},[47,147652,4060],{"class":90},[47,147654,1613],{"class":752},[47,147656,4065],{"class":90},[47,147658,3176],{"class":86},[20,147660,136136],{},[162,147662,147663,147669,147675,147680],{},[165,147664,147665,147668],{},[15,147666,147667],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[165,147670,147671,147674],{},[15,147672,147673],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[165,147676,147677,136158],{},[15,147678,147679],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[165,147681,147682,147685],{},[15,147683,147684],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[149,147687,1962],{"id":1961},[469,147689,5323,147691,5326],{"id":147690},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147692,145963],{},[20,147694,147695],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[469,147697,1980,147699,147701],{"id":147698},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147700,145963],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147703,30447,147704,32,147707,147710],{},[15,147705,147706],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147708,147709],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[469,147712,1980,147714,147716],{"id":147713},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147715,145963],{}," work with floats?",[20,147718,147719],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[469,147721,147723,147724,2037],{"id":147722},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147725,145963],{},[20,147727,147728,147729,147731],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147730,522],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[469,147733,5338,147735,119558,147737,2037],{"id":147734},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147736,145963],{},[15,147738,3182],{},[20,147740,147741],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[149,147743,2062],{"id":2061},[162,147745,147746,147750,147756,147762,147768,147772,147776],{},[165,147747,147748],{},[455,147749,146446],{"href":2598},[165,147751,147752],{},[455,147753,3755,147754,3688],{"href":36370},[15,147755,36373],{},[165,147757,147758],{},[455,147759,3755,147760,3688],{"href":42533},[15,147761,42536],{},[165,147763,147764],{},[455,147765,3755,147766,3688],{"href":42350},[15,147767,47857],{},[165,147769,147770],{},[455,147771,5400],{"href":40183},[165,147773,147774],{},[455,147775,3705],{"href":3139},[165,147777,147778],{},[455,147779,147357],{"href":135404},[2093,147781,147782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":147784},[147785,147786,147788,147789,147790,147792,147800,147806,147813,147819,147820,147832],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":146042,"depth":72,"text":147787},"What sum() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":146220,"depth":72,"text":147791},"Using the start value",{"id":146322,"depth":72,"text":147793,"children":147794},"What sum() can work with",[147795,147796,147797,147799],{"id":40599,"depth":79,"text":40600},{"id":52216,"depth":79,"text":146388},{"id":146449,"depth":79,"text":147798},"Values from range()",{"id":146497,"depth":79,"text":146498},{"id":146571,"depth":72,"text":147801,"children":147802},"What sum() does not work with",[147803,147804,147805],{"id":146582,"depth":79,"text":146583},{"id":146699,"depth":79,"text":146700},{"id":146757,"depth":79,"text":146758},{"id":41678,"depth":72,"text":41679,"children":147807},[147808,147809,147810,147811],{"id":6700,"depth":79,"text":6701},{"id":146893,"depth":79,"text":146894},{"id":147041,"depth":79,"text":147042},{"id":147178,"depth":79,"text":147812},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147360,"depth":72,"text":147814,"children":147815},"sum() vs manual loop",[147816,147818],{"id":147371,"depth":79,"text":147817},"Using sum()",{"id":147425,"depth":79,"text":147426},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":147821},[147822,147824,147826,147828,147830],{"id":147690,"depth":79,"text":147823},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147698,"depth":79,"text":147825},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147713,"depth":79,"text":147827},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147722,"depth":79,"text":147829},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147734,"depth":79,"text":147831},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145955,"description":147833},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147840,"title":147841,"body":147842,"description":149244,"extension":2138,"meta":149245,"navigation":75,"path":149246,"seo":149247,"stem":149248,"__hash__":149249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147843,"toc":149212},[147844,147850,147856,147859,147922,147928,147933,147937,147954,147968,147972,147992,148006,148008,148101,148103,148117,148119,148122,148211,148213,148221,148230,148232,148236,148257,148259,148351,148353,148374,148376,148380,148394,148396,148470,148472,148491,148495,148498,148521,148523,148634,148641,148649,148651,148657,148660,148703,148706,148729,148737,148741,148816,148822,148847,148854,148857,148860,148864,148869,148957,148965,148969,148972,148997,149001,149062,149066,149115,149125,149127,149132,149135,149141,149144,149148,149152,149158,149161,149169,149177,149179,149209],[10,147845,147847,147848,18],{"id":147846},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147849,57460],{},[20,147851,147852,147855],{},[15,147853,147854],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147857,147858],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,147860,147862],{"className":40,"code":147861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147863,147864,147892,147910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147865,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147867,3798],{"class":53},[47,147869,58],{"class":57},[47,147871,1067],{"class":86},[47,147873,1598],{"class":445},[47,147875,309],{"class":86},[47,147877,1769],{"class":445},[47,147879,309],{"class":86},[47,147881,1769],{"class":445},[47,147883,309],{"class":86},[47,147885,2630],{"class":445},[47,147887,309],{"class":86},[47,147889,1769],{"class":445},[47,147891,286],{"class":86},[47,147893,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147895,2407],{"class":53},[47,147897,58],{"class":57},[47,147899,4444],{"class":53},[47,147901,94],{"class":86},[47,147903,41434],{"class":90},[47,147905,87],{"class":86},[47,147907,2233],{"class":445},[47,147909,286],{"class":86},[47,147911,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,147913,83],{"class":82},[47,147915,87],{"class":86},[47,147917,2442],{"class":90},[47,147919,1696],{"class":86},[47,147921,50942],{"class":113},[20,147923,144,147924,147927],{},[15,147925,147926],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[149,147929,152,147931,155],{"id":147930},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147932,147854],{},[20,147934,147935,3062],{},[15,147936,147926],{},[162,147938,147939,147945,147948,147951],{},[165,147940,147941,147942,147944],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147943,1587],{}," appears in the tuple",[165,147946,147947],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[165,147949,147950],{},"Returns an integer",[165,147952,147953],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147955,147956,147957,147959,147960,32,147964,94],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147958,57460],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[455,147961,147963],{"href":147962},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[455,147965,147967],{"href":147966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[149,147969,147971],{"id":147970},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,147973,147975],{"className":40,"code":147974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147976,147977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147978,147979,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147980,147981],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,147983,94],{"class":86},[47,147985,41434],{"class":90},[47,147987,87],{"class":86},[47,147989,1587],{"class":90},[47,147991,286],{"class":86},[162,147993,147994,147998,148001],{},[165,147995,147996,57625],{},[15,147997,1587],{},[165,147999,148000],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[165,148002,148003,148004],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148005,1721],{},[469,148007,103273],{"id":103272},[38,148009,148011],{"className":40,"code":148010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148012,148013,148053,148077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148014,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148016,13254],{"class":53},[47,148018,58],{"class":57},[47,148020,1067],{"class":86},[47,148022,102],{"class":61},[47,148024,13271],{"class":65},[47,148026,102],{"class":61},[47,148028,309],{"class":86},[47,148030,62],{"class":61},[47,148032,13288],{"class":65},[47,148034,102],{"class":61},[47,148036,309],{"class":86},[47,148038,62],{"class":61},[47,148040,13271],{"class":65},[47,148042,102],{"class":61},[47,148044,309],{"class":86},[47,148046,62],{"class":61},[47,148048,17633],{"class":65},[47,148050,102],{"class":61},[47,148052,286],{"class":86},[47,148054,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148056,83],{"class":82},[47,148058,87],{"class":86},[47,148060,17680],{"class":90},[47,148062,94],{"class":86},[47,148064,41434],{"class":90},[47,148066,87],{"class":86},[47,148068,102],{"class":61},[47,148070,13271],{"class":65},[47,148072,102],{"class":61},[47,148074,110],{"class":86},[47,148076,57815],{"class":113},[47,148078,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148080,83],{"class":82},[47,148082,87],{"class":86},[47,148084,17680],{"class":90},[47,148086,94],{"class":86},[47,148088,41434],{"class":90},[47,148090,87],{"class":86},[47,148092,102],{"class":61},[47,148094,22701],{"class":65},[47,148096,102],{"class":61},[47,148098,110],{"class":86},[47,148100,51417],{"class":113},[20,148102,20136],{},[162,148104,148105,148110],{},[165,148106,148107,148109],{},[15,148108,65560],{}," appears 2 times",[165,148111,148112,148114,148115],{},[15,148113,109969],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148116,1721],{},[149,148118,11651],{"id":11650},[20,148120,148121],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,148123,148125],{"className":40,"code":148124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148126,148127,148175,148179,148201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148128,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148130,36414],{"class":53},[47,148132,58],{"class":57},[47,148134,1067],{"class":86},[47,148136,102],{"class":61},[47,148138,4260],{"class":65},[47,148140,102],{"class":61},[47,148142,309],{"class":86},[47,148144,62],{"class":61},[47,148146,491],{"class":65},[47,148148,102],{"class":61},[47,148150,309],{"class":86},[47,148152,62],{"class":61},[47,148154,4260],{"class":65},[47,148156,102],{"class":61},[47,148158,309],{"class":86},[47,148160,62],{"class":61},[47,148162,33396],{"class":65},[47,148164,102],{"class":61},[47,148166,309],{"class":86},[47,148168,62],{"class":61},[47,148170,4260],{"class":65},[47,148172,102],{"class":61},[47,148174,286],{"class":86},[47,148176,148177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148178,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,148180,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148182,2407],{"class":53},[47,148184,58],{"class":57},[47,148186,53021],{"class":53},[47,148188,94],{"class":86},[47,148190,41434],{"class":90},[47,148192,87],{"class":86},[47,148194,102],{"class":61},[47,148196,4260],{"class":65},[47,148198,102],{"class":61},[47,148200,286],{"class":86},[47,148202,148203,148205,148207,148209],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,148204,83],{"class":82},[47,148206,87],{"class":86},[47,148208,2442],{"class":90},[47,148210,286],{"class":86},[20,148212,814],{},[38,148214,148215],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,148216,148217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148218,148219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148220,46790],{"class":445},[20,148222,148223,148225,148226,2576,148228,94],{},[15,148224,58003],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148227,57460],{},[15,148229,2239],{},[149,148231,38195],{"id":38194},[20,148233,57714,148234,128876],{},[15,148235,57460],{},[162,148237,148238,148243,148248,148251],{},[165,148239,11599,148240,148242],{},[15,148241,1721],{}," when the value does not exist",[165,148244,11599,148245,148247],{},[15,148246,1598],{}," when the value appears once",[165,148249,148250],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[165,148252,148253,148254,148256],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148255,723],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148258,183],{},[38,148260,148262],{"className":40,"code":148261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148263,148264,148305,148309,148336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148265,148266,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148267,148268],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148270,58],{"class":57},[47,148272,1067],{"class":86},[47,148274,102],{"class":61},[47,148276,8832],{"class":65},[47,148278,102],{"class":61},[47,148280,309],{"class":86},[47,148282,62],{"class":61},[47,148284,8773],{"class":65},[47,148286,102],{"class":61},[47,148288,309],{"class":86},[47,148290,62],{"class":61},[47,148292,8832],{"class":65},[47,148294,102],{"class":61},[47,148296,309],{"class":86},[47,148298,62],{"class":61},[47,148300,8832],{"class":65},[47,148302,102],{"class":61},[47,148304,286],{"class":86},[47,148306,148307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148308,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,148310,148311,148313,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148312,723],{"class":752},[47,148314,148315],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148317,94],{"class":86},[47,148319,41434],{"class":90},[47,148321,87],{"class":86},[47,148323,102],{"class":61},[47,148325,8832],{"class":65},[47,148327,102],{"class":61},[47,148329,1696],{"class":86},[47,148331,38571],{"class":57},[47,148333,5677],{"class":445},[47,148335,795],{"class":86},[47,148337,148338,148340,148342,148344,148347,148349],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,148339,776],{"class":82},[47,148341,87],{"class":86},[47,148343,102],{"class":61},[47,148345,148346],{"class":65},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148348,102],{"class":61},[47,148350,286],{"class":86},[20,148352,814],{},[38,148354,148356],{"className":40,"code":148355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148357,148358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148359,148360,148363,148365,148367,148369,148372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148361,148362],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148364,3479],{"class":61},[47,148366,8832],{"class":65},[47,148368,3479],{"class":61},[47,148370,148371],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148373,827],{"class":86},[149,148375,41220],{"id":41219},[20,148377,35581,148378,104736],{},[15,148379,147854],{},[162,148381,148382,148385,148388,148391],{},[165,148383,148384],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[165,148386,148387],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[165,148389,148390],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[165,148392,148393],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148395,183],{},[38,148397,148399],{"className":40,"code":148398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148400,148401,148429,148433,148455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148402,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148404,5244],{"class":53},[47,148406,58],{"class":57},[47,148408,1067],{"class":86},[47,148410,2509],{"class":445},[47,148412,309],{"class":86},[47,148414,7966],{"class":445},[47,148416,309],{"class":86},[47,148418,6184],{"class":445},[47,148420,309],{"class":86},[47,148422,7971],{"class":445},[47,148424,309],{"class":86},[47,148426,6184],{"class":445},[47,148428,286],{"class":86},[47,148430,148431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148432,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,148434,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148436,723],{"class":752},[47,148438,5291],{"class":53},[47,148440,94],{"class":86},[47,148442,41434],{"class":90},[47,148444,87],{"class":86},[47,148446,2509],{"class":445},[47,148448,1696],{"class":86},[47,148450,51458],{"class":57},[47,148452,1769],{"class":445},[47,148454,795],{"class":86},[47,148456,148457,148459,148461,148463,148466,148468],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,148458,776],{"class":82},[47,148460,87],{"class":86},[47,148462,102],{"class":61},[47,148464,148465],{"class":65},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148467,102],{"class":61},[47,148469,286],{"class":86},[20,148471,814],{},[38,148473,148475],{"className":40,"code":148474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148476,148477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148478,148479,148482,148484,148486,148489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148480,148481],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148483,2509],{"class":445},[47,148485,8272],{"class":57},[47,148487,148488],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148490,827],{"class":86},[149,148492,148494],{"id":148493},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148496,148497],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[162,148499,148500,148506,148511,148514],{},[165,148501,148502,148503,148505],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148504,57460],{}," still works because it only reads data",[165,148507,148508,148510],{},[15,148509,57460],{}," counts exact matches",[165,148512,148513],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[165,148515,148516,837,148518,148520],{},[15,148517,1598],{},[15,148519,42333],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148522,183],{},[38,148524,148526],{"className":40,"code":148525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148527,148528,148562,148566,148586,148610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148529,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148543,148545,148547,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148531,4003],{"class":53},[47,148533,58],{"class":57},[47,148535,1067],{"class":86},[47,148537,1598],{"class":445},[47,148539,309],{"class":86},[47,148541,148542],{"class":445}," 1.0",[47,148544,309],{"class":86},[47,148546,62],{"class":61},[47,148548,148549],{"class":65},"Cat",[47,148551,102],{"class":61},[47,148553,309],{"class":86},[47,148555,62],{"class":61},[47,148557,37223],{"class":65},[47,148559,102],{"class":61},[47,148561,286],{"class":86},[47,148563,148564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148565,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,148567,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148569,83],{"class":82},[47,148571,87],{"class":86},[47,148573,5538],{"class":90},[47,148575,94],{"class":86},[47,148577,41434],{"class":90},[47,148579,87],{"class":86},[47,148581,1598],{"class":445},[47,148583,110],{"class":86},[47,148585,51264],{"class":113},[47,148587,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,148589,83],{"class":82},[47,148591,87],{"class":86},[47,148593,5538],{"class":90},[47,148595,94],{"class":86},[47,148597,41434],{"class":90},[47,148599,87],{"class":86},[47,148601,102],{"class":61},[47,148603,148549],{"class":65},[47,148605,102],{"class":61},[47,148607,110],{"class":86},[47,148609,27957],{"class":113},[47,148611,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,148613,83],{"class":82},[47,148615,87],{"class":86},[47,148617,5538],{"class":90},[47,148619,94],{"class":86},[47,148621,41434],{"class":90},[47,148623,87],{"class":86},[47,148625,102],{"class":61},[47,148627,37223],{"class":65},[47,148629,102],{"class":61},[47,148631,110],{"class":86},[47,148633,27957],{"class":113},[20,148635,5338,148636,5341,148639,2037],{},[15,148637,148638],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148640,2233],{},[20,148642,8959,148643,4964,148646,148648],{},[15,148644,148645],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148647,31],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[149,148650,1425],{"id":1424},[469,148652,831,148654,148656],{"id":148653},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148655,41434],{}," without parentheses",[20,148658,148659],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,148661,148663],{"className":40,"code":148662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148664,148665,148689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148666,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148668,3798],{"class":53},[47,148670,58],{"class":57},[47,148672,1067],{"class":86},[47,148674,1598],{"class":445},[47,148676,309],{"class":86},[47,148678,1769],{"class":445},[47,148680,309],{"class":86},[47,148682,1769],{"class":445},[47,148684,309],{"class":86},[47,148686,2630],{"class":445},[47,148688,286],{"class":86},[47,148690,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148692,83],{"class":82},[47,148694,87],{"class":86},[47,148696,3830],{"class":90},[47,148698,94],{"class":86},[47,148700,41434],{"class":24927},[47,148702,286],{"class":86},[20,148704,148705],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,148707,148709],{"className":40,"code":148708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148710,148711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148712,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148714,83],{"class":82},[47,148716,87],{"class":86},[47,148718,3830],{"class":90},[47,148720,94],{"class":86},[47,148722,41434],{"class":90},[47,148724,87],{"class":86},[47,148726,2233],{"class":445},[47,148728,1879],{"class":86},[469,148730,8628,148731,8631,148733,32,148735],{"id":58763},[15,148732,57460],{},[15,148734,31],{},[15,148736,35],{},[20,148738,148739,58774],{},[15,148740,57460],{},[38,148742,148744],{"className":40,"code":148743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148745,148746,148778,148800,148804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148747,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148749,36265],{"class":53},[47,148751,58],{"class":57},[47,148753,1067],{"class":86},[47,148755,102],{"class":61},[47,148757,455],{"class":65},[47,148759,102],{"class":61},[47,148761,309],{"class":86},[47,148763,62],{"class":61},[47,148765,2014],{"class":65},[47,148767,102],{"class":61},[47,148769,309],{"class":86},[47,148771,62],{"class":61},[47,148773,455],{"class":65},[47,148775,102],{"class":61},[47,148777,286],{"class":86},[47,148779,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148781,2407],{"class":53},[47,148783,58],{"class":57},[47,148785,70263],{"class":53},[47,148787,94],{"class":86},[47,148789,41434],{"class":90},[47,148791,87],{"class":86},[47,148793,102],{"class":61},[47,148795,455],{"class":65},[47,148797,102],{"class":61},[47,148799,286],{"class":86},[47,148801,148802],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148803,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,148805,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,148807,83],{"class":82},[47,148809,87],{"class":86},[47,148811,2442],{"class":90},[47,148813,1696],{"class":86},[47,148815,51585],{"class":113},[20,148817,148818,148819,148821],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148820,1613],{}," is often simpler:",[38,148823,148825],{"className":40,"code":148824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148826,148827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148828,148829,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148830,83],{"class":82},[47,148832,87],{"class":86},[47,148834,102],{"class":61},[47,148836,455],{"class":65},[47,148838,102],{"class":61},[47,148840,1690],{"class":752},[47,148842,70263],{"class":90},[47,148844,1696],{"class":86},[47,148846,519],{"class":113},[469,148848,1608,148850,834,148852],{"id":148849},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148851,147854],{},[15,148853,57465],{},[20,148855,148856],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148858,148859],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[469,148861,148863],{"id":148862},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148865,148866,148868],{},[15,148867,57460],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,148870,148872],{"className":40,"code":148871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148873,148874,148907,148933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148875,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148877,4251],{"class":53},[47,148879,58],{"class":57},[47,148881,1067],{"class":86},[47,148883,102],{"class":61},[47,148885,4260],{"class":65},[47,148887,102],{"class":61},[47,148889,309],{"class":86},[47,148891,62],{"class":61},[47,148893,148894],{"class":65},"pineapple",[47,148896,102],{"class":61},[47,148898,309],{"class":86},[47,148900,62],{"class":61},[47,148902,4260],{"class":65},[47,148904,102],{"class":61},[47,148906,286],{"class":86},[47,148908,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148926,148928,148930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148910,83],{"class":82},[47,148912,87],{"class":86},[47,148914,4294],{"class":90},[47,148916,94],{"class":86},[47,148918,41434],{"class":90},[47,148920,87],{"class":86},[47,148922,102],{"class":61},[47,148924,148925],{"class":65},"app",[47,148927,102],{"class":61},[47,148929,110],{"class":86},[47,148931,148932],{"class":113},"    # 0\n",[47,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,148936,83],{"class":82},[47,148938,87],{"class":86},[47,148940,4294],{"class":90},[47,148942,94],{"class":86},[47,148944,41434],{"class":90},[47,148946,87],{"class":86},[47,148948,102],{"class":61},[47,148950,4260],{"class":65},[47,148952,102],{"class":61},[47,148954,110],{"class":86},[47,148956,51585],{"class":113},[20,148958,148959,148962,148963,94],{},[15,148960,148961],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148964,1721],{},[149,148966,148968],{"id":148967},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148970,148971],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[162,148973,148974,148979,148988,148994],{},[165,148975,144,148976,148978],{},[15,148977,1613],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[165,148980,144,148981,148987],{},[455,148982,148984,148985],{"href":148983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148986,59138],{}," to find the position of a value",[165,148989,144,148990,148993],{},[15,148991,148992],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[165,148995,148996],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148998,46213,148999,3062],{},[15,149000,1613],{},[38,149002,149004],{"className":40,"code":149003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149005,149006,149026,149030,149046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149007,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149009,3798],{"class":53},[47,149011,58],{"class":57},[47,149013,1067],{"class":86},[47,149015,2682],{"class":445},[47,149017,309],{"class":86},[47,149019,6173],{"class":445},[47,149021,309],{"class":86},[47,149023,627],{"class":445},[47,149025,286],{"class":86},[47,149027,149028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149029,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149033,83],{"class":82},[47,149035,87],{"class":86},[47,149037,2201],{"class":445},[47,149039,1690],{"class":752},[47,149041,4444],{"class":90},[47,149043,1696],{"class":86},[47,149045,114],{"class":113},[47,149047,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,149049,83],{"class":82},[47,149051,87],{"class":86},[47,149053,2313],{"class":445},[47,149055,1690],{"class":752},[47,149057,4444],{"class":90},[47,149059,1696],{"class":86},[47,149061,257],{"class":113},[20,149063,46213,149064,3062],{},[15,149065,59138],{},[38,149067,149069],{"className":40,"code":149068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149070,149071,149095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149072,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149074,3798],{"class":53},[47,149076,58],{"class":57},[47,149078,1067],{"class":86},[47,149080,2682],{"class":445},[47,149082,309],{"class":86},[47,149084,6173],{"class":445},[47,149086,309],{"class":86},[47,149088,627],{"class":445},[47,149090,309],{"class":86},[47,149092,6173],{"class":445},[47,149094,286],{"class":86},[47,149096,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149098,83],{"class":82},[47,149100,87],{"class":86},[47,149102,3830],{"class":90},[47,149104,94],{"class":86},[47,149106,36022],{"class":90},[47,149108,87],{"class":86},[47,149110,2201],{"class":445},[47,149112,110],{"class":86},[47,149114,27957],{"class":113},[20,149116,149117,149119,149120,149122,149124],{},[15,149118,57460],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10020,149121],{},[15,149123,59138],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[149,149126,1962],{"id":1961},[469,149128,5323,149130,5326],{"id":149129},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149131,147854],{},[20,149133,149134],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[469,149136,1966,149138,149140],{"id":149137},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149139,147854],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149142,149143],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[469,149145,149147],{"id":149146},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149149,12088,149150,94],{},[15,149151,1721],{},[469,149153,1980,149155,149157],{"id":149154},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149156,147854],{}," count strings?",[20,149159,149160],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[469,149162,2032,149164,837,149166,2037],{"id":149163},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149165,147854],{},[15,149167,149168],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149170,149171,149173,149174,149176],{},[15,149172,57460],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149175,59138],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[149,149178,2062],{"id":2061},[162,149180,149181,149185,149190,149197,149205],{},[165,149182,149183],{},[455,149184,147963],{"href":147962},[165,149186,149187],{},[455,149188,149189],{"href":147966},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[165,149191,149192],{},[455,149193,149194,149195,1168],{"href":148983},"Python tuple ",[15,149196,59138],{},[165,149198,149199],{},[455,149200,149202,149203],{"href":149201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149204,42536],{},[165,149206,149207],{},[455,149208,59126],{"href":59125},[2093,149210,149211],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":149213},[149214,149216,149219,149220,149221,149222,149223,149231,149232,149243],{"id":147930,"depth":72,"text":149215},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147970,"depth":72,"text":147971,"children":149217},[149218],{"id":103272,"depth":79,"text":103273},{"id":11650,"depth":72,"text":11651},{"id":38194,"depth":72,"text":38195},{"id":41219,"depth":72,"text":41220},{"id":148493,"depth":72,"text":148494},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":149224},[149225,149227,149228,149230],{"id":148653,"depth":79,"text":149226},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58763,"depth":79,"text":59179},{"id":148849,"depth":79,"text":149229},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148862,"depth":79,"text":148863},{"id":148967,"depth":72,"text":148968},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":149233},[149234,149236,149238,149239,149241],{"id":149129,"depth":79,"text":149235},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149137,"depth":79,"text":149237},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149146,"depth":79,"text":149147},{"id":149154,"depth":79,"text":149240},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149163,"depth":79,"text":149242},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147841,"description":149244},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149251,"title":149252,"body":149253,"description":150940,"extension":2138,"meta":150941,"navigation":75,"path":150942,"seo":150943,"stem":150944,"__hash__":150945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149254,"toc":150903},[149255,149258,149261,149270,149272,149402,149404,149465,149471,149473,149493,149497,149500,149503,149538,149540,149561,149564,149603,149605,149630,149637,149641,149644,149681,149683,149706,149709,149712,149724,149730,149734,149737,149743,149784,149786,149809,149812,149853,149855,149882,149884,149901,149903,149920,149923,149927,149930,149932,149966,149968,150015,150019,150058,150062,150065,150122,150124,150165,150171,150177,150182,150184,150221,150223,150243,150245,150278,150280,150313,150316,150320,150353,150355,150380,150383,150385,150399,150406,150408,150411,150415,150418,150453,150456,150491,150495,150498,150537,150540,150579,150583,150585,150615,150618,150625,150627,150659,150662,150694,150697,150728,150730,150747,150751,150754,150818,150820,150824,150831,150835,150838,150842,150845,150849,150852,150857,150863,150865,150900],[10,149256,149252],{"id":149257},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149259,149260],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149262,149263,149264,32,149268,94],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[455,149265,149267],{"href":149266},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[455,149269,147963],{"href":147962},[149,149271,2179],{"id":2178},[38,149273,149275],{"className":40,"code":149274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149276,149277,149297,149306,149320,149356,149360,149370,149380,149391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149278,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149280,3798],{"class":53},[47,149282,58],{"class":57},[47,149284,1067],{"class":86},[47,149286,1598],{"class":445},[47,149288,309],{"class":86},[47,149290,1769],{"class":445},[47,149292,309],{"class":86},[47,149294,2630],{"class":445},[47,149296,286],{"class":86},[47,149298,149299,149301,149303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149300,125004],{"class":53},[47,149302,58],{"class":57},[47,149304,149305],{"class":86}," ()\n",[47,149307,149308,149311,149313,149315,149317],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149309,149310],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,149312,58],{"class":57},[47,149314,1067],{"class":86},[47,149316,2313],{"class":445},[47,149318,149319],{"class":86},",)\n",[47,149321,149322,149325,149327,149330,149332,149334,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,149323,149324],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,149326,58],{"class":57},[47,149328,149329],{"class":1570}," tuple",[47,149331,3163],{"class":86},[47,149333,102],{"class":61},[47,149335,455],{"class":65},[47,149337,102],{"class":61},[47,149339,309],{"class":86},[47,149341,62],{"class":61},[47,149343,2014],{"class":65},[47,149345,102],{"class":61},[47,149347,309],{"class":86},[47,149349,62],{"class":61},[47,149351,9913],{"class":65},[47,149353,102],{"class":61},[47,149355,4068],{"class":86},[47,149357,149358],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,149359,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,149363,83],{"class":82},[47,149365,87],{"class":86},[47,149367,3830],{"class":90},[47,149369,286],{"class":86},[47,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,149373,83],{"class":82},[47,149375,87],{"class":86},[47,149377,125055],{"class":90},[47,149379,286],{"class":86},[47,149381,149382,149384,149386,149389],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,149383,83],{"class":82},[47,149385,87],{"class":86},[47,149387,149388],{"class":90},"one_item",[47,149390,286],{"class":86},[47,149392,149393,149395,149397,149400],{"class":49,"line":1135},[47,149394,83],{"class":82},[47,149396,87],{"class":86},[47,149398,149399],{"class":90},"from_list",[47,149401,286],{"class":86},[20,149403,814],{},[38,149405,149407],{"className":40,"code":149406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149408,149409,149425,149429,149437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149410,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149412,87],{"class":86},[47,149414,1598],{"class":445},[47,149416,309],{"class":86},[47,149418,1769],{"class":445},[47,149420,309],{"class":86},[47,149422,2630],{"class":445},[47,149424,286],{"class":86},[47,149426,149427],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149428,8817],{"class":86},[47,149430,149431,149433,149435],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149432,87],{"class":86},[47,149434,2313],{"class":445},[47,149436,149319],{"class":86},[47,149438,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,149440,87],{"class":86},[47,149442,3479],{"class":61},[47,149444,455],{"class":65},[47,149446,3479],{"class":61},[47,149448,309],{"class":86},[47,149450,3474],{"class":61},[47,149452,2014],{"class":65},[47,149454,3479],{"class":61},[47,149456,309],{"class":86},[47,149458,3474],{"class":61},[47,149460,9913],{"class":65},[47,149462,3479],{"class":61},[47,149464,286],{"class":86},[20,149466,149467,149468,94],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149469,149470],{},"(5,)",[149,149472,15342],{"id":15341},[162,149474,149475,149478,149481,149484,149487,149490],{},[165,149476,149477],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[165,149479,149480],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[165,149482,149483],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[165,149485,149486],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[165,149488,149489],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[165,149491,149492],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[149,149494,149496],{"id":149495},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149498,149499],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149501,149502],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,149504,149506],{"className":40,"code":149505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149507,149508,149528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149509,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149511,3798],{"class":53},[47,149513,58],{"class":57},[47,149515,1067],{"class":86},[47,149517,1598],{"class":445},[47,149519,309],{"class":86},[47,149521,1769],{"class":445},[47,149523,309],{"class":86},[47,149525,2630],{"class":445},[47,149527,286],{"class":86},[47,149529,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149531,83],{"class":82},[47,149533,87],{"class":86},[47,149535,3830],{"class":90},[47,149537,286],{"class":86},[20,149539,814],{},[38,149541,149543],{"className":40,"code":149542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149544,149545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149548,87],{"class":86},[47,149550,1598],{"class":445},[47,149552,309],{"class":86},[47,149554,1769],{"class":445},[47,149556,309],{"class":86},[47,149558,2630],{"class":445},[47,149560,286],{"class":86},[20,149562,149563],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,149565,149567],{"className":40,"code":149566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149568,149569,149593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149570,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149572,9340],{"class":53},[47,149574,58],{"class":57},[47,149576,1067],{"class":86},[47,149578,1598],{"class":445},[47,149580,309],{"class":86},[47,149582,62],{"class":61},[47,149584,4260],{"class":65},[47,149586,102],{"class":61},[47,149588,309],{"class":86},[47,149590,4096],{"class":4032},[47,149592,286],{"class":86},[47,149594,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149596,83],{"class":82},[47,149598,87],{"class":86},[47,149600,9379],{"class":90},[47,149602,286],{"class":86},[20,149604,814],{},[38,149606,149608],{"className":40,"code":149607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149609,149610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149611,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149613,87],{"class":86},[47,149615,1598],{"class":445},[47,149617,309],{"class":86},[47,149619,3474],{"class":61},[47,149621,4260],{"class":65},[47,149623,3479],{"class":61},[47,149625,309],{"class":86},[47,149627,4096],{"class":4032},[47,149629,286],{"class":86},[20,149631,149632,149633,94],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[455,149634,149636],{"href":149635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[149,149638,149640],{"id":149639},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149642,149643],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,149645,149647],{"className":40,"code":149646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149648,149649,149657,149667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149650,149651,149653,149655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149652,125004],{"class":53},[47,149654,58],{"class":57},[47,149656,149305],{"class":86},[47,149658,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149660,83],{"class":82},[47,149662,87],{"class":86},[47,149664,125055],{"class":90},[47,149666,286],{"class":86},[47,149668,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149670,83],{"class":82},[47,149672,87],{"class":86},[47,149674,1872],{"class":1570},[47,149676,87],{"class":86},[47,149678,125055],{"class":90},[47,149680,1879],{"class":86},[20,149682,814],{},[38,149684,149686],{"className":40,"code":149685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149687,149688,149692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149689,149690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149691,8817],{"class":86},[47,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149695,3468],{"class":57},[47,149697,3471],{"class":2242},[47,149699,3474],{"class":61},[47,149701,49126],{"class":65},[47,149703,3479],{"class":61},[47,149705,3482],{"class":57},[20,149707,149708],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149710,149711],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[162,149713,149714,149719],{},[165,149715,149716,149717],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149718,7541],{},[165,149720,149721,149722],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149723,3967],{},[20,149725,149726,149727,94],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[455,149728,149729],{"href":57323},"Python list: creating a list",[149,149731,149733],{"id":149732},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149735,149736],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149738,149739,149740,149742],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3922,149741,4813],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,149744,149746],{"className":40,"code":149745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149747,149748,149760,149770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149751,1535],{"class":53},[47,149753,58],{"class":57},[47,149755,1067],{"class":86},[47,149757,2313],{"class":445},[47,149759,286],{"class":86},[47,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149763,83],{"class":82},[47,149765,87],{"class":86},[47,149767,1587],{"class":90},[47,149769,286],{"class":86},[47,149771,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149773,83],{"class":82},[47,149775,87],{"class":86},[47,149777,1872],{"class":1570},[47,149779,87],{"class":86},[47,149781,1587],{"class":90},[47,149783,1879],{"class":86},[20,149785,814],{},[38,149787,149789],{"className":40,"code":149788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149790,149791,149795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149792,149793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149794,3124],{"class":445},[47,149796,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149798,3468],{"class":57},[47,149800,3471],{"class":2242},[47,149802,3474],{"class":61},[47,149804,2365],{"class":65},[47,149806,3479],{"class":61},[47,149808,3482],{"class":57},[20,149810,149811],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,149813,149815],{"className":40,"code":149814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149816,149817,149829,149839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149818,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149820,149310],{"class":53},[47,149822,58],{"class":57},[47,149824,1067],{"class":86},[47,149826,2313],{"class":445},[47,149828,149319],{"class":86},[47,149830,149831,149833,149835,149837],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149832,83],{"class":82},[47,149834,87],{"class":86},[47,149836,149388],{"class":90},[47,149838,286],{"class":86},[47,149840,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,149842,83],{"class":82},[47,149844,87],{"class":86},[47,149846,1872],{"class":1570},[47,149848,87],{"class":86},[47,149850,149388],{"class":90},[47,149852,1879],{"class":86},[20,149854,814],{},[38,149856,149858],{"className":40,"code":149857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149859,149860,149868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149861,149862,149864,149866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149863,87],{"class":86},[47,149865,2313],{"class":445},[47,149867,149319],{"class":86},[47,149869,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149871,3468],{"class":57},[47,149873,3471],{"class":2242},[47,149875,3474],{"class":61},[47,149877,49126],{"class":65},[47,149879,3479],{"class":61},[47,149881,3482],{"class":57},[20,149883,1795],{},[38,149885,149887],{"className":40,"code":149886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149888,149889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149890,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149892,87],{"class":86},[47,149894,102],{"class":61},[47,149896,4260],{"class":65},[47,149898,102],{"class":61},[47,149900,149319],{"class":86},[20,149902,1783],{},[38,149904,149906],{"className":40,"code":149905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149907,149908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149909,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149911,87],{"class":86},[47,149913,102],{"class":61},[47,149915,4260],{"class":65},[47,149917,102],{"class":61},[47,149919,286],{"class":86},[20,149921,149922],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[149,149924,149926],{"id":149925},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149928,149929],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[469,149931,56631],{"id":3830},[38,149933,149934],{"className":40,"code":149505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149935,149936,149956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149939,3798],{"class":53},[47,149941,58],{"class":57},[47,149943,1067],{"class":86},[47,149945,1598],{"class":445},[47,149947,309],{"class":86},[47,149949,1769],{"class":445},[47,149951,309],{"class":86},[47,149953,2630],{"class":445},[47,149955,286],{"class":86},[47,149957,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149959,83],{"class":82},[47,149961,87],{"class":86},[47,149963,3830],{"class":90},[47,149965,286],{"class":86},[469,149967,56634],{"id":5488},[38,149969,149971],{"className":40,"code":149970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149972,149973,150005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149976,13254],{"class":53},[47,149978,58],{"class":57},[47,149980,1067],{"class":86},[47,149982,102],{"class":61},[47,149984,13271],{"class":65},[47,149986,102],{"class":61},[47,149988,309],{"class":86},[47,149990,62],{"class":61},[47,149992,17633],{"class":65},[47,149994,102],{"class":61},[47,149996,309],{"class":86},[47,149998,62],{"class":61},[47,150000,13288],{"class":65},[47,150002,102],{"class":61},[47,150004,286],{"class":86},[47,150006,150007,150009,150011,150013],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150008,83],{"class":82},[47,150010,87],{"class":86},[47,150012,17680],{"class":90},[47,150014,286],{"class":86},[469,150016,150018],{"id":150017},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,150020,150022],{"className":40,"code":150021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150023,150024,150048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150025,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150027,59643],{"class":53},[47,150029,58],{"class":57},[47,150031,1067],{"class":86},[47,150033,1598],{"class":445},[47,150035,309],{"class":86},[47,150037,62],{"class":61},[47,150039,4260],{"class":65},[47,150041,102],{"class":61},[47,150043,309],{"class":86},[47,150045,4096],{"class":4032},[47,150047,286],{"class":86},[47,150049,150050,150052,150054,150056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150051,83],{"class":82},[47,150053,87],{"class":86},[47,150055,59696],{"class":90},[47,150057,286],{"class":86},[469,150059,150061],{"id":150060},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150063,150064],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,150066,150068],{"className":40,"code":150067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150069,150070,150111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150071,150072,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150073,150074],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,150076,58],{"class":57},[47,150078,1067],{"class":86},[47,150080,1598],{"class":445},[47,150082,309],{"class":86},[47,150084,1067],{"class":86},[47,150086,102],{"class":61},[47,150088,455],{"class":65},[47,150090,102],{"class":61},[47,150092,309],{"class":86},[47,150094,62],{"class":61},[47,150096,2014],{"class":65},[47,150098,102],{"class":61},[47,150100,9408],{"class":86},[47,150102,3803],{"class":86},[47,150104,2509],{"class":445},[47,150106,309],{"class":86},[47,150108,7966],{"class":445},[47,150110,4068],{"class":86},[47,150112,150113,150115,150117,150120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150114,83],{"class":82},[47,150116,87],{"class":86},[47,150118,150119],{"class":90},"nested",[47,150121,286],{"class":86},[20,150123,814],{},[38,150125,150127],{"className":40,"code":150126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150128,150129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150130,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150132,87],{"class":86},[47,150134,1598],{"class":445},[47,150136,309],{"class":86},[47,150138,1067],{"class":86},[47,150140,3479],{"class":61},[47,150142,455],{"class":65},[47,150144,3479],{"class":61},[47,150146,309],{"class":86},[47,150148,3474],{"class":61},[47,150150,2014],{"class":65},[47,150152,3479],{"class":61},[47,150154,9408],{"class":86},[47,150156,3803],{"class":86},[47,150158,2509],{"class":445},[47,150160,309],{"class":86},[47,150162,7966],{"class":445},[47,150164,4068],{"class":86},[149,150166,150168,150169],{"id":150167},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150170,38221],{},[20,150172,150173,150174,150176],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150175,38221],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150178,150179,150180,94],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[455,150181,63386],{"href":63385},[469,150183,105413],{"id":105412},[38,150185,150187],{"className":40,"code":150186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150188,150189,150211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150190,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150192,3798],{"class":53},[47,150194,58],{"class":57},[47,150196,149329],{"class":1570},[47,150198,3163],{"class":86},[47,150200,1598],{"class":445},[47,150202,309],{"class":86},[47,150204,1769],{"class":445},[47,150206,309],{"class":86},[47,150208,2630],{"class":445},[47,150210,4068],{"class":86},[47,150212,150213,150215,150217,150219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150214,83],{"class":82},[47,150216,87],{"class":86},[47,150218,3830],{"class":90},[47,150220,286],{"class":86},[20,150222,814],{},[38,150224,150225],{"className":40,"code":149542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150226,150227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150228,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150230,87],{"class":86},[47,150232,1598],{"class":445},[47,150234,309],{"class":86},[47,150236,1769],{"class":445},[47,150238,309],{"class":86},[47,150240,2630],{"class":445},[47,150242,286],{"class":86},[469,150244,105599],{"id":105598},[38,150246,150248],{"className":40,"code":150247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150249,150250,150268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150251,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150253,36265],{"class":53},[47,150255,58],{"class":57},[47,150257,149329],{"class":1570},[47,150259,87],{"class":86},[47,150261,102],{"class":61},[47,150263,41735],{"class":65},[47,150265,102],{"class":61},[47,150267,286],{"class":86},[47,150269,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150271,83],{"class":82},[47,150273,87],{"class":86},[47,150275,36318],{"class":90},[47,150277,286],{"class":86},[20,150279,814],{},[38,150281,150283],{"className":40,"code":150282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150284,150285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150286,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150288,87],{"class":86},[47,150290,3479],{"class":61},[47,150292,455],{"class":65},[47,150294,3479],{"class":61},[47,150296,309],{"class":86},[47,150298,3474],{"class":61},[47,150300,2014],{"class":65},[47,150302,3479],{"class":61},[47,150304,309],{"class":86},[47,150306,3474],{"class":61},[47,150308,9913],{"class":65},[47,150310,3479],{"class":61},[47,150312,286],{"class":86},[20,150314,150315],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[469,150317,150319],{"id":150318},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,150321,150323],{"className":40,"code":150322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150324,150325,150343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150326,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150328,4003],{"class":53},[47,150330,58],{"class":57},[47,150332,149329],{"class":1570},[47,150334,87],{"class":86},[47,150336,60169],{"class":82},[47,150338,87],{"class":86},[47,150340,2682],{"class":445},[47,150342,1879],{"class":86},[47,150344,150345,150347,150349,150351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150346,83],{"class":82},[47,150348,87],{"class":86},[47,150350,5538],{"class":90},[47,150352,286],{"class":86},[20,150354,814],{},[38,150356,150358],{"className":40,"code":150357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150359,150360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150361,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150363,87],{"class":86},[47,150365,1721],{"class":445},[47,150367,309],{"class":86},[47,150369,5677],{"class":445},[47,150371,309],{"class":86},[47,150373,1769],{"class":445},[47,150375,309],{"class":86},[47,150377,2630],{"class":445},[47,150379,286],{"class":86},[20,150381,150382],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[149,150384,20979],{"id":20978},[162,150386,150387,150390,150393,150396],{},[165,150388,150389],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[165,150391,150392],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[165,150394,150395],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[165,150397,150398],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150400,150401,150402,94],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[455,150403,150405],{"href":150404},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[149,150407,1425],{"id":1424},[20,150409,150410],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[469,150412,150414],{"id":150413},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150416,150417],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,150419,150421],{"className":40,"code":150420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150422,150423,150439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150424,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150426,28715],{"class":53},[47,150428,58],{"class":57},[47,150430,1067],{"class":86},[47,150432,102],{"class":61},[47,150434,4260],{"class":65},[47,150436,102],{"class":61},[47,150438,286],{"class":86},[47,150440,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150442,83],{"class":82},[47,150444,87],{"class":86},[47,150446,1872],{"class":1570},[47,150448,87],{"class":86},[47,150450,23487],{"class":90},[47,150452,1879],{"class":86},[20,150454,150455],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,150457,150459],{"className":40,"code":150458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150460,150461,150477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150462,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150464,28715],{"class":53},[47,150466,58],{"class":57},[47,150468,1067],{"class":86},[47,150470,102],{"class":61},[47,150472,4260],{"class":65},[47,150474,102],{"class":61},[47,150476,149319],{"class":86},[47,150478,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150480,83],{"class":82},[47,150482,87],{"class":86},[47,150484,1872],{"class":1570},[47,150486,87],{"class":86},[47,150488,23487],{"class":90},[47,150490,1879],{"class":86},[469,150492,150494],{"id":150493},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150496,150497],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,150499,150501],{"className":40,"code":150500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150502,150503,150523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150504,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150506,4003],{"class":53},[47,150508,58],{"class":57},[47,150510,3803],{"class":86},[47,150512,1598],{"class":445},[47,150514,309],{"class":86},[47,150516,1769],{"class":445},[47,150518,309],{"class":86},[47,150520,2630],{"class":445},[47,150522,3816],{"class":86},[47,150524,150525,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150526,83],{"class":82},[47,150528,87],{"class":86},[47,150530,1872],{"class":1570},[47,150532,87],{"class":86},[47,150534,5538],{"class":90},[47,150536,1879],{"class":86},[20,150538,150539],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,150541,150543],{"className":40,"code":150542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150544,150545,150565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150546,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150548,4003],{"class":53},[47,150550,58],{"class":57},[47,150552,1067],{"class":86},[47,150554,1598],{"class":445},[47,150556,309],{"class":86},[47,150558,1769],{"class":445},[47,150560,309],{"class":86},[47,150562,2630],{"class":445},[47,150564,286],{"class":86},[47,150566,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150568,83],{"class":82},[47,150570,87],{"class":86},[47,150572,1872],{"class":1570},[47,150574,87],{"class":86},[47,150576,5538],{"class":90},[47,150578,1879],{"class":86},[469,150580,150582],{"id":150581},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150584,150395],{},[38,150586,150588],{"className":40,"code":150587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150589,150590,150610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150591,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150593,3798],{"class":53},[47,150595,58],{"class":57},[47,150597,1067],{"class":86},[47,150599,1598],{"class":445},[47,150601,309],{"class":86},[47,150603,1769],{"class":445},[47,150605,309],{"class":86},[47,150607,2630],{"class":445},[47,150609,286],{"class":86},[47,150611,150612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150613,150614],{"class":113},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150616,150617],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[469,150619,1608,150621,150624],{"id":150620},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150622,150623],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150626,64812],{},[38,150628,150629],{"className":40,"code":150247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150630,150631,150649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150632,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150634,36265],{"class":53},[47,150636,58],{"class":57},[47,150638,149329],{"class":1570},[47,150640,87],{"class":86},[47,150642,102],{"class":61},[47,150644,41735],{"class":65},[47,150646,102],{"class":61},[47,150648,286],{"class":86},[47,150650,150651,150653,150655,150657],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150652,83],{"class":82},[47,150654,87],{"class":86},[47,150656,36318],{"class":90},[47,150658,286],{"class":86},[20,150660,150661],{},"gives:",[38,150663,150664],{"className":40,"code":150282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150665,150666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150667,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150669,87],{"class":86},[47,150671,3479],{"class":61},[47,150673,455],{"class":65},[47,150675,3479],{"class":61},[47,150677,309],{"class":86},[47,150679,3474],{"class":61},[47,150681,2014],{"class":65},[47,150683,3479],{"class":61},[47,150685,309],{"class":86},[47,150687,3474],{"class":61},[47,150689,9913],{"class":65},[47,150691,3479],{"class":61},[47,150693,286],{"class":86},[20,150695,150696],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,150698,150700],{"className":40,"code":150699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150701,150702,150718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150703,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150705,6334],{"class":53},[47,150707,58],{"class":57},[47,150709,1067],{"class":86},[47,150711,102],{"class":61},[47,150713,41735],{"class":65},[47,150715,102],{"class":61},[47,150717,149319],{"class":86},[47,150719,150720,150722,150724,150726],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150721,83],{"class":82},[47,150723,87],{"class":86},[47,150725,38566],{"class":90},[47,150727,286],{"class":86},[20,150729,814],{},[38,150731,150733],{"className":40,"code":150732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,150734,150735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150736,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150738,87],{"class":86},[47,150740,3479],{"class":61},[47,150742,41735],{"class":65},[47,150744,3479],{"class":61},[47,150746,149319],{"class":86},[469,150748,150750],{"id":150749},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150752,150753],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,150755,150757],{"className":40,"code":150756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150758,150759,150776,150780,150790,150804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150760,150761,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150762,150763],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,150765,58],{"class":57},[47,150767,1067],{"class":86},[47,150769,102],{"class":61},[47,150771,4260],{"class":65},[47,150773,102],{"class":61},[47,150775,149319],{"class":86},[47,150777,150778],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150779,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,150781,150782,150784,150786,150788],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,150783,83],{"class":82},[47,150785,87],{"class":86},[47,150787,147981],{"class":90},[47,150789,286],{"class":86},[47,150791,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,150793,83],{"class":82},[47,150795,87],{"class":86},[47,150797,1872],{"class":1570},[47,150799,87],{"class":86},[47,150801,147981],{"class":90},[47,150803,1879],{"class":86},[47,150805,150806,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,150807,83],{"class":82},[47,150809,87],{"class":86},[47,150811,11337],{"class":82},[47,150813,87],{"class":86},[47,150815,147981],{"class":90},[47,150817,1879],{"class":86},[149,150819,1962],{"id":1961},[469,150821,150823],{"id":150822},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150825,150826,150827,150830],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150828,150829],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[469,150832,150834],{"id":150833},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150836,150837],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[469,150839,150841],{"id":150840},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150843,150844],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[469,150846,150848],{"id":150847},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150850,150851],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[469,150853,5323,150855,12893],{"id":150854},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150856,150623],{},[20,150858,170,150859,150862],{},[15,150860,150861],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[149,150864,2062],{"id":2061},[162,150866,150867,150871,150875,150881,150886,150891,150895],{},[165,150868,150869],{},[455,150870,147963],{"href":147962},[165,150872,150873],{},[455,150874,149636],{"href":149635},[165,150876,150877],{},[455,150878,150880],{"href":150879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[165,150882,150883],{},[455,150884,150885],{"href":149201},"Python tuple length with len()",[165,150887,150888],{},[455,150889,150890],{"href":149266},"What is a tuple in Python?",[165,150892,150893],{},[455,150894,63386],{"href":63385},[165,150896,150897],{},[455,150898,150899],{"href":150404},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2093,150901,150902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":150904},[150905,150906,150907,150908,150909,150910,150916,150922,150923,150931,150939],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":149495,"depth":72,"text":149496},{"id":149639,"depth":72,"text":149640},{"id":149732,"depth":72,"text":149733},{"id":149925,"depth":72,"text":149926,"children":150911},[150912,150913,150914,150915],{"id":3830,"depth":79,"text":56631},{"id":5488,"depth":79,"text":56634},{"id":150017,"depth":79,"text":150018},{"id":150060,"depth":79,"text":150061},{"id":150167,"depth":72,"text":150917,"children":150918},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150919,150920,150921],{"id":105412,"depth":79,"text":105413},{"id":105598,"depth":79,"text":105599},{"id":150318,"depth":79,"text":150319},{"id":20978,"depth":72,"text":20979},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":150924},[150925,150926,150927,150928,150930],{"id":150413,"depth":79,"text":150414},{"id":150493,"depth":79,"text":150494},{"id":150581,"depth":79,"text":150582},{"id":150620,"depth":79,"text":150929},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150749,"depth":79,"text":150750},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":150932},[150933,150934,150935,150936,150937],{"id":150822,"depth":79,"text":150823},{"id":150833,"depth":79,"text":150834},{"id":150840,"depth":79,"text":150841},{"id":150847,"depth":79,"text":150848},{"id":150854,"depth":79,"text":150938},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149252,"description":150940},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150947,"title":150948,"body":150949,"description":152494,"extension":2138,"meta":152495,"navigation":75,"path":152496,"seo":152497,"stem":152498,"__hash__":152499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150950,"toc":152464},[150951,150954,150959,150961,150974,150980,150982,151049,151051,151086,151091,151095,151099,151101,151112,151120,151122,151124,151145,151147,151167,151170,151172,151177,151220,151222,151244,151247,151260,151264,151268,151271,151324,151326,151347,151352,151356,151359,151404,151406,151439,151451,151455,151463,151500,151502,151531,151535,151538,151591,151593,151613,151620,151624,151629,151698,151700,151725,151729,151732,151738,151815,151817,151876,151878,151890,151895,151899,151903,151917,151919,151954,151956,151973,151976,151989,151993,151997,152008,152013,152028,152031,152034,152036,152039,152043,152045,152059,152061,152085,152090,152094,152097,152116,152119,152168,152173,152190,152193,152226,152230,152232,152283,152286,152311,152314,152337,152341,152347,152349,152384,152387,152392,152394,152398,152401,152405,152410,152414,152417,152421,152424,152428,152433,152435,152461],[10,150952,150948],{"id":150953},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150955,9297,150956,150958],{},[15,150957,38221],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150960,82754],{},[162,150962,150963,150968],{},[165,150964,150965,150967],{},[15,150966,38221],{}," creates an empty tuple",[165,150969,150970,150973],{},[15,150971,150972],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150975,150976,150977,150979],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150978,38221],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[149,150981,2179],{"id":2178},[38,150983,150985],{"className":40,"code":150984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150986,150987,151007,151021,151025,151035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150988,150989,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150990,3798],{"class":53},[47,150992,58],{"class":57},[47,150994,3803],{"class":86},[47,150996,1598],{"class":445},[47,150998,309],{"class":86},[47,151000,1769],{"class":445},[47,151002,309],{"class":86},[47,151004,2630],{"class":445},[47,151006,3816],{"class":86},[47,151008,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151010,2407],{"class":53},[47,151012,58],{"class":57},[47,151014,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151016,87],{"class":86},[47,151018,3830],{"class":90},[47,151020,286],{"class":86},[47,151022,151023],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151024,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151026,151027,151029,151031,151033],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151028,83],{"class":82},[47,151030,87],{"class":86},[47,151032,2442],{"class":90},[47,151034,286],{"class":86},[47,151036,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,151038,83],{"class":82},[47,151040,87],{"class":86},[47,151042,1872],{"class":1570},[47,151044,87],{"class":86},[47,151046,2442],{"class":90},[47,151048,1879],{"class":86},[20,151050,814],{},[38,151052,151054],{"className":40,"code":151053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151055,151056,151072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151059,87],{"class":86},[47,151061,1598],{"class":445},[47,151063,309],{"class":86},[47,151065,1769],{"class":445},[47,151067,309],{"class":86},[47,151069,2630],{"class":445},[47,151071,286],{"class":86},[47,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151075,3468],{"class":57},[47,151077,3471],{"class":2242},[47,151079,3474],{"class":61},[47,151081,49126],{"class":65},[47,151083,3479],{"class":61},[47,151085,3482],{"class":57},[20,151087,144,151088,151090],{},[15,151089,150972],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[149,151092,151094],{"id":151093},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151096,151097,63094],{},[15,151098,38221],{},[20,151100,49100],{},[162,151102,151103,151106,151109],{},[165,151104,151105],{},"creates a tuple object",[165,151107,151108],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[165,151110,151111],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151113,151114,151115,151117,151118,94],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[455,151116,149267],{"href":149266}," or the full guide to ",[455,151119,147963],{"href":147962},[149,151121,261],{"id":260},[20,151123,26665],{},[38,151125,151127],{"className":40,"code":151126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151128,151129,151135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151130,151131,151133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151132,49126],{"class":1570},[47,151134,8817],{"class":86},[47,151136,151137,151139,151141,151143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151138,49126],{"class":1570},[47,151140,87],{"class":86},[47,151142,3899],{"class":90},[47,151144,286],{"class":86},[20,151146,11634],{},[162,151148,151149,151152],{},[165,151150,151151],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[165,151153,151154,151155],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[162,151156,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165],{},[165,151158,5479],{},[165,151160,5488],{},[165,151162,63165],{},[165,151164,5485],{},[165,151166,7427],{},[20,151168,151169],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[149,151171,149640],{"id":149639},[20,151173,1519,151174,151176],{},[15,151175,38221],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,151178,151180],{"className":40,"code":151179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151181,151182,151192,151196,151206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151183,151184,151186,151188,151190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151185,125004],{"class":53},[47,151187,58],{"class":57},[47,151189,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151191,8817],{"class":86},[47,151193,151194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151195,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151197,151198,151200,151202,151204],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151199,83],{"class":82},[47,151201,87],{"class":86},[47,151203,125055],{"class":90},[47,151205,286],{"class":86},[47,151207,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151209,83],{"class":82},[47,151211,87],{"class":86},[47,151213,1872],{"class":1570},[47,151215,87],{"class":86},[47,151217,125055],{"class":90},[47,151219,1879],{"class":86},[20,151221,814],{},[38,151223,151224],{"className":40,"code":149685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151225,151226,151230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151227,151228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151229,8817],{"class":86},[47,151231,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151233,3468],{"class":57},[47,151235,3471],{"class":2242},[47,151237,3474],{"class":61},[47,151239,49126],{"class":65},[47,151241,3479],{"class":61},[47,151243,3482],{"class":57},[20,151245,151246],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,151248,151250],{"className":40,"code":151249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,151251,151252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151253,151254,151256,151258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151255,125004],{"class":53},[47,151257,58],{"class":57},[47,151259,149305],{"class":86},[149,151261,151263],{"id":151262},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[469,151265,151267],{"id":151266},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151269,151270],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,151272,151274],{"className":40,"code":151273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151275,151276,151296,151310,151314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151277,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151279,3798],{"class":53},[47,151281,58],{"class":57},[47,151283,3803],{"class":86},[47,151285,2509],{"class":445},[47,151287,309],{"class":86},[47,151289,7966],{"class":445},[47,151291,309],{"class":86},[47,151293,7971],{"class":445},[47,151295,3816],{"class":86},[47,151297,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151299,2407],{"class":53},[47,151301,58],{"class":57},[47,151303,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151305,87],{"class":86},[47,151307,3830],{"class":90},[47,151309,286],{"class":86},[47,151311,151312],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151313,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151315,151316,151318,151320,151322],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151317,83],{"class":82},[47,151319,87],{"class":86},[47,151321,2442],{"class":90},[47,151323,286],{"class":86},[20,151325,814],{},[38,151327,151329],{"className":40,"code":151328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151330,151331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151332,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151334,87],{"class":86},[47,151336,2509],{"class":445},[47,151338,309],{"class":86},[47,151340,7966],{"class":445},[47,151342,309],{"class":86},[47,151344,7971],{"class":445},[47,151346,286],{"class":86},[20,151348,151349,151350,94],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[455,151351,105218],{"href":60226},[469,151353,151355],{"id":151354},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151357,151358],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,151360,151362],{"className":40,"code":151361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151363,151364,151376,151390,151394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151367,54],{"class":53},[47,151369,58],{"class":57},[47,151371,62],{"class":61},[47,151373,37223],{"class":65},[47,151375,69],{"class":61},[47,151377,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151379,2407],{"class":53},[47,151381,58],{"class":57},[47,151383,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151385,87],{"class":86},[47,151387,91],{"class":90},[47,151389,286],{"class":86},[47,151391,151392],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151393,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151395,151396,151398,151400,151402],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151397,83],{"class":82},[47,151399,87],{"class":86},[47,151401,2442],{"class":90},[47,151403,286],{"class":86},[20,151405,814],{},[38,151407,151409],{"className":40,"code":151408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151410,151411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151412,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151414,87],{"class":86},[47,151416,3479],{"class":61},[47,151418,9913],{"class":65},[47,151420,3479],{"class":61},[47,151422,309],{"class":86},[47,151424,3474],{"class":61},[47,151426,455],{"class":65},[47,151428,3479],{"class":61},[47,151430,309],{"class":86},[47,151432,3474],{"class":61},[47,151434,63455],{"class":65},[47,151436,3479],{"class":61},[47,151438,286],{"class":86},[20,151440,151441,151442,14233,151445,151447,151448,94],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151443,151444],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3922,151446,4813],{}," create ",[15,151449,151450],{},"('cat',)",[469,151452,151454],{"id":151453},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151456,151457,151459,151460,151462],{},[15,151458,36373],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151461,38221],{}," collects them all.",[38,151464,151466],{"className":40,"code":151465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151467,151468,151486,151490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151469,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151471,2407],{"class":53},[47,151473,58],{"class":57},[47,151475,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151477,87],{"class":86},[47,151479,60169],{"class":82},[47,151481,87],{"class":86},[47,151483,2313],{"class":445},[47,151485,1879],{"class":86},[47,151487,151488],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151489,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151491,151492,151494,151496,151498],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151493,83],{"class":82},[47,151495,87],{"class":86},[47,151497,2442],{"class":90},[47,151499,286],{"class":86},[20,151501,814],{},[38,151503,151505],{"className":40,"code":151504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151506,151507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151508,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151510,87],{"class":86},[47,151512,1721],{"class":445},[47,151514,309],{"class":86},[47,151516,5677],{"class":445},[47,151518,309],{"class":86},[47,151520,1769],{"class":445},[47,151522,309],{"class":86},[47,151524,2630],{"class":445},[47,151526,309],{"class":86},[47,151528,912],{"class":445},[47,151530,286],{"class":86},[469,151532,151534],{"id":151533},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151536,151537],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,151539,151541],{"className":40,"code":151540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151542,151543,151563,151577,151581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151544,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151546,4003],{"class":53},[47,151548,58],{"class":57},[47,151550,10665],{"class":86},[47,151552,1598],{"class":445},[47,151554,309],{"class":86},[47,151556,1769],{"class":445},[47,151558,309],{"class":86},[47,151560,2630],{"class":445},[47,151562,9483],{"class":86},[47,151564,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151566,2407],{"class":53},[47,151568,58],{"class":57},[47,151570,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151572,87],{"class":86},[47,151574,5538],{"class":90},[47,151576,286],{"class":86},[47,151578,151579],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151580,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151582,151583,151585,151587,151589],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151584,83],{"class":82},[47,151586,87],{"class":86},[47,151588,2442],{"class":90},[47,151590,286],{"class":86},[20,151592,814],{},[38,151594,151595],{"className":40,"code":149542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151596,151597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151598,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151600,87],{"class":86},[47,151602,1598],{"class":445},[47,151604,309],{"class":86},[47,151606,1769],{"class":445},[47,151608,309],{"class":86},[47,151610,2630],{"class":445},[47,151612,286],{"class":86},[20,151614,151615,151616,94],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[455,151617,151619],{"href":151618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[469,151621,151623],{"id":151622},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151625,63708,151626,151628],{},[15,151627,38221],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,151630,151632],{"className":40,"code":151631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151633,151634,151670,151684,151688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151637,13383],{"class":53},[47,151639,58],{"class":57},[47,151641,10665],{"class":86},[47,151643,102],{"class":61},[47,151645,214],{"class":65},[47,151647,102],{"class":61},[47,151649,3062],{"class":86},[47,151651,62],{"class":61},[47,151653,13058],{"class":65},[47,151655,102],{"class":61},[47,151657,309],{"class":86},[47,151659,62],{"class":61},[47,151661,9473],{"class":65},[47,151663,102],{"class":61},[47,151665,3062],{"class":86},[47,151667,9480],{"class":445},[47,151669,9483],{"class":86},[47,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151673,2407],{"class":53},[47,151675,58],{"class":57},[47,151677,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151679,87],{"class":86},[47,151681,17486],{"class":90},[47,151683,286],{"class":86},[47,151685,151686],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151687,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151689,151690,151692,151694,151696],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151691,83],{"class":82},[47,151693,87],{"class":86},[47,151695,2442],{"class":90},[47,151697,286],{"class":86},[20,151699,30206],{},[38,151701,151703],{"className":40,"code":151702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151704,151705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151706,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151708,87],{"class":86},[47,151710,3479],{"class":61},[47,151712,214],{"class":65},[47,151714,3479],{"class":61},[47,151716,309],{"class":86},[47,151718,3474],{"class":61},[47,151720,9473],{"class":65},[47,151722,3479],{"class":61},[47,151724,286],{"class":86},[149,151726,151728],{"id":151727},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151730,151731],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151733,151734,151737],{},[15,151735,151736],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,151739,151741],{"className":40,"code":151740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151742,151743,151779,151783,151797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151746,13383],{"class":53},[47,151748,58],{"class":57},[47,151750,10665],{"class":86},[47,151752,102],{"class":61},[47,151754,214],{"class":65},[47,151756,102],{"class":61},[47,151758,3062],{"class":86},[47,151760,62],{"class":61},[47,151762,13058],{"class":65},[47,151764,102],{"class":61},[47,151766,309],{"class":86},[47,151768,62],{"class":61},[47,151770,9473],{"class":65},[47,151772,102],{"class":61},[47,151774,3062],{"class":86},[47,151776,9480],{"class":445},[47,151778,9483],{"class":86},[47,151780,151781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151782,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,151786,83],{"class":82},[47,151788,87],{"class":86},[47,151790,49126],{"class":1570},[47,151792,87],{"class":86},[47,151794,17486],{"class":90},[47,151796,1879],{"class":86},[47,151798,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,151800,83],{"class":82},[47,151802,87],{"class":86},[47,151804,49126],{"class":1570},[47,151806,87],{"class":86},[47,151808,17486],{"class":90},[47,151810,94],{"class":86},[47,151812,7986],{"class":90},[47,151814,6470],{"class":86},[20,151816,814],{},[38,151818,151820],{"className":40,"code":151819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151821,151822,151842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151823,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151825,87],{"class":86},[47,151827,3479],{"class":61},[47,151829,214],{"class":65},[47,151831,3479],{"class":61},[47,151833,309],{"class":86},[47,151835,3474],{"class":61},[47,151837,9473],{"class":65},[47,151839,3479],{"class":61},[47,151841,286],{"class":86},[47,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151845,675],{"class":86},[47,151847,3479],{"class":61},[47,151849,214],{"class":65},[47,151851,3479],{"class":61},[47,151853,309],{"class":86},[47,151855,3474],{"class":61},[47,151857,13058],{"class":65},[47,151859,3479],{"class":61},[47,151861,9408],{"class":86},[47,151863,1067],{"class":86},[47,151865,3479],{"class":61},[47,151867,9473],{"class":65},[47,151869,3479],{"class":61},[47,151871,309],{"class":86},[47,151873,9480],{"class":445},[47,151875,1879],{"class":86},[20,151877,18873],{},[162,151879,151880,151885],{},[165,151881,151882,151884],{},[15,151883,151736],{}," for keys",[165,151886,151887,32732],{},[15,151888,151889],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151891,151892,151893,94],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[455,151894,63718],{"href":63717},[149,151896,151898],{"id":151897},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151900,151901,18497],{},[15,151902,38221],{},[162,151904,151905,151908,151911,151914],{},[165,151906,151907],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[165,151909,151910],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[165,151912,151913],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[165,151915,151916],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151918,183],{},[38,151920,151922],{"className":40,"code":151921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151923,151924,151943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151925,151926,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151927,151928],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,151930,58],{"class":57},[47,151932,149329],{"class":1570},[47,151934,3163],{"class":86},[47,151936,2682],{"class":445},[47,151938,309],{"class":86},[47,151940,6173],{"class":445},[47,151942,4068],{"class":86},[47,151944,151945,151947,151949,151952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151946,83],{"class":82},[47,151948,87],{"class":86},[47,151950,151951],{"class":90},"coordinates",[47,151953,286],{"class":86},[20,151955,814],{},[38,151957,151959],{"className":40,"code":151958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151960,151961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151962,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151964,87],{"class":86},[47,151966,2682],{"class":445},[47,151968,309],{"class":86},[47,151970,6173],{"class":445},[47,151972,286],{"class":86},[20,151974,151975],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[162,151977,151978,151980,151983,151986],{},[165,151979,151951],{},[165,151981,151982],{},"RGB colors",[165,151984,151985],{},"dates",[165,151987,151988],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[149,151990,151992],{"id":151991},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151994,44601,151995,10776],{},[15,151996,38221],{},[162,151998,151999,152002,152005],{},[165,152000,152001],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[165,152003,152004],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[165,152006,152007],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152009,116645,152010,152012],{},[3922,152011,4813],{}," work:",[38,152014,152016],{"className":40,"code":152015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152017,152018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152019,152020,152022,152024,152026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152021,49126],{"class":1570},[47,152023,87],{"class":86},[47,152025,2313],{"class":445},[47,152027,286],{"class":86},[20,152029,152030],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152032,152033],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[149,152035,115483],{"id":115482},[20,152037,152038],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[469,152040,152042],{"id":152041},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152044,3014],{},[38,152046,152047],{"className":40,"code":152015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152048,152049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152050,152051,152053,152055,152057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152052,49126],{"class":1570},[47,152054,87],{"class":86},[47,152056,2313],{"class":445},[47,152058,286],{"class":86},[20,152060,29857],{},[38,152062,152063],{"className":40,"code":63822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152064,152065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152066,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152068,3182],{"class":1570},[47,152070,3062],{"class":86},[47,152072,3474],{"class":61},[47,152074,2365],{"class":65},[47,152076,3479],{"class":61},[47,152078,24794],{"class":1570},[47,152080,8272],{"class":57},[47,152082,8275],{"class":57},[47,152084,63845],{"class":53},[20,152086,152087,152088,94],{},"If you see this, read ",[455,152089,62459],{"href":52770},[469,152091,152093],{"id":152092},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152095,152096],{},"This code:",[38,152098,152100],{"className":40,"code":152099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152101,152102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152103,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152105,49126],{"class":1570},[47,152107,87],{"class":86},[47,152109,102],{"class":61},[47,152111,386],{"class":65},[47,152113,102],{"class":61},[47,152115,286],{"class":86},[20,152117,152118],{},"returns:",[38,152120,152122],{"className":40,"code":152121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152123,152124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152125,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152127,87],{"class":86},[47,152129,3479],{"class":61},[47,152131,60608],{"class":65},[47,152133,3479],{"class":61},[47,152135,309],{"class":86},[47,152137,3474],{"class":61},[47,152139,60617],{"class":65},[47,152141,3479],{"class":61},[47,152143,309],{"class":86},[47,152145,3474],{"class":61},[47,152147,60626],{"class":65},[47,152149,3479],{"class":61},[47,152151,309],{"class":86},[47,152153,3474],{"class":61},[47,152155,60626],{"class":65},[47,152157,3479],{"class":61},[47,152159,309],{"class":86},[47,152161,3474],{"class":61},[47,152163,60643],{"class":65},[47,152165,3479],{"class":61},[47,152167,286],{"class":86},[20,152169,41080,152170,152172],{},[3922,152171,4813],{}," return:",[38,152174,152176],{"className":40,"code":152175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,152177,152178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152179,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152181,87],{"class":86},[47,152183,3479],{"class":61},[47,152185,386],{"class":65},[47,152187,3479],{"class":61},[47,152189,149319],{"class":86},[20,152191,152192],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,152194,152196],{"className":40,"code":152195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152197,152198,152215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152199,152200,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152201,152202],{"class":53},"single ",[47,152204,58],{"class":57},[47,152206,1067],{"class":86},[47,152208,102],{"class":61},[47,152210,386],{"class":65},[47,152212,102],{"class":61},[47,152214,149319],{"class":86},[47,152216,152217,152219,152221,152224],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152218,83],{"class":82},[47,152220,87],{"class":86},[47,152222,152223],{"class":90},"single",[47,152225,286],{"class":86},[469,152227,152229],{"id":152228},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152231,152096],{},[38,152233,152235],{"className":40,"code":152234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152236,152237,152269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152238,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152240,9340],{"class":53},[47,152242,58],{"class":57},[47,152244,10665],{"class":86},[47,152246,102],{"class":61},[47,152248,455],{"class":65},[47,152250,102],{"class":61},[47,152252,3062],{"class":86},[47,152254,5677],{"class":445},[47,152256,309],{"class":86},[47,152258,62],{"class":61},[47,152260,2014],{"class":65},[47,152262,102],{"class":61},[47,152264,3062],{"class":86},[47,152266,1769],{"class":445},[47,152268,9483],{"class":86},[47,152270,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152272,83],{"class":82},[47,152274,87],{"class":86},[47,152276,49126],{"class":1570},[47,152278,87],{"class":86},[47,152280,9379],{"class":90},[47,152282,1879],{"class":86},[20,152284,152285],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,152287,152289],{"className":40,"code":152288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152290,152291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152292,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152294,87],{"class":86},[47,152296,3479],{"class":61},[47,152298,455],{"class":65},[47,152300,3479],{"class":61},[47,152302,309],{"class":86},[47,152304,3474],{"class":61},[47,152306,2014],{"class":65},[47,152308,3479],{"class":61},[47,152310,286],{"class":86},[20,152312,152313],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,152315,152317],{"className":40,"code":152316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152318,152319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152320,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152322,83],{"class":82},[47,152324,87],{"class":86},[47,152326,49126],{"class":1570},[47,152328,87],{"class":86},[47,152330,9379],{"class":90},[47,152332,94],{"class":86},[47,152334,7986],{"class":90},[47,152336,6470],{"class":86},[469,152338,152340],{"id":152339},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152342,152343,152344,152346],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152345,38221],{}," conversion.",[20,152348,5651],{},[38,152350,152352],{"className":40,"code":152351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152353,152354,152374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152355,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152357,1535],{"class":53},[47,152359,58],{"class":57},[47,152361,1067],{"class":86},[47,152363,1598],{"class":445},[47,152365,309],{"class":86},[47,152367,1769],{"class":445},[47,152369,309],{"class":86},[47,152371,2630],{"class":445},[47,152373,286],{"class":86},[47,152375,152376,152378,152380,152382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152377,83],{"class":82},[47,152379,87],{"class":86},[47,152381,1587],{"class":90},[47,152383,286],{"class":86},[20,152385,152386],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152388,25683,152389,152391],{},[15,152390,38221],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[149,152393,1962],{"id":1961},[469,152395,152397],{"id":152396},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152399,152400],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[469,152402,152404],{"id":152403},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152406,152407,152408,94],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152409,7541],{},[469,152411,152413],{"id":152412},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152415,152416],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[469,152418,152420],{"id":152419},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152422,152423],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[469,152425,152427],{"id":152426},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152429,152430,152431,94],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152432,3182],{},[149,152434,2062],{"id":2061},[162,152436,152437,152441,152445,152449,152453,152457],{},[165,152438,152439],{},[455,152440,147963],{"href":147962},[165,152442,152443],{},[455,152444,150890],{"href":149266},[165,152446,152447],{},[455,152448,105218],{"href":60226},[165,152450,152451],{},[455,152452,151619],{"href":151618},[165,152454,152455],{},[455,152456,63718],{"href":63717},[165,152458,152459],{},[455,152460,62459],{"href":52770},[2093,152462,152463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":152465},[152466,152467,152468,152469,152470,152477,152478,152479,152480,152486,152493],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":151093,"depth":72,"text":151094},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":149639,"depth":72,"text":149640},{"id":151262,"depth":72,"text":151263,"children":152471},[152472,152473,152474,152475,152476],{"id":151266,"depth":79,"text":151267},{"id":151354,"depth":79,"text":151355},{"id":151453,"depth":79,"text":151454},{"id":151533,"depth":79,"text":151534},{"id":151622,"depth":79,"text":151623},{"id":151727,"depth":72,"text":151728},{"id":151897,"depth":72,"text":151898},{"id":151991,"depth":72,"text":151992},{"id":115482,"depth":72,"text":115483,"children":152481},[152482,152483,152484,152485],{"id":152041,"depth":79,"text":152042},{"id":152092,"depth":79,"text":152093},{"id":152228,"depth":79,"text":152229},{"id":152339,"depth":79,"text":152340},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":152487},[152488,152489,152490,152491,152492],{"id":152396,"depth":79,"text":152397},{"id":152403,"depth":79,"text":152404},{"id":152412,"depth":79,"text":152413},{"id":152419,"depth":79,"text":152420},{"id":152426,"depth":79,"text":152427},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150948,"description":152494},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152501,"title":152502,"body":152503,"description":153916,"extension":2138,"meta":153917,"navigation":75,"path":153918,"seo":153919,"stem":153920,"__hash__":153921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152504,"toc":153888},[152505,152510,152515,152518,152520,152599,152605,152610,152614,152629,152631,152678,152680,152688,152696,152702,152704,152709,152729,152732,152759,152761,152785,152787,152929,152931,152935,152943,152946,152948,153025,153027,153035,153039,153043,153053,153063,153065,153070,153072,153131,153136,153138,153238,153240,153254,153259,153265,153272,153275,153277,153387,153391,153408,153410,153473,153475,153483,153495,153499,153504,153532,153535,153617,153619,153630,153632,153636,153663,153665,153667,153747,153755,153757,153812,153814,153819,153822,153826,153830,153832,153836,153840,153848,153855,153858,153860,153885],[10,152506,147847,152508,18],{"id":152507},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152509,59138],{},[20,152511,152512,152514],{},[15,152513,149168],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152516,152517],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[149,152519,2179],{"id":2178},[38,152521,152523],{"className":40,"code":152522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152524,152525,152565,152587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152526,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152528,13254],{"class":53},[47,152530,58],{"class":57},[47,152532,1067],{"class":86},[47,152534,102],{"class":61},[47,152536,13271],{"class":65},[47,152538,102],{"class":61},[47,152540,309],{"class":86},[47,152542,62],{"class":61},[47,152544,13288],{"class":65},[47,152546,102],{"class":61},[47,152548,309],{"class":86},[47,152550,62],{"class":61},[47,152552,17633],{"class":65},[47,152554,102],{"class":61},[47,152556,309],{"class":86},[47,152558,62],{"class":61},[47,152560,13288],{"class":65},[47,152562,102],{"class":61},[47,152564,286],{"class":86},[47,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152568,65088],{"class":53},[47,152570,58],{"class":57},[47,152572,13302],{"class":53},[47,152574,94],{"class":86},[47,152576,36022],{"class":90},[47,152578,87],{"class":86},[47,152580,102],{"class":61},[47,152582,13288],{"class":65},[47,152584,102],{"class":61},[47,152586,286],{"class":86},[47,152588,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,152590,83],{"class":82},[47,152592,87],{"class":86},[47,152594,65115],{"class":90},[47,152596,1696],{"class":86},[47,152598,27957],{"class":113},[20,152600,152601,152604],{},[15,152602,152603],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[149,152606,152,152608,155],{"id":152607},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152609,149168],{},[20,152611,842,152612,11588],{},[15,152613,59138],{},[162,152615,152616,152619,152621,152624],{},[165,152617,152618],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[165,152620,128604],{},[165,152622,152623],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[165,152625,152626,152627],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152628,1721],{},[20,152630,183],{},[38,152632,152634],{"className":40,"code":152633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152635,152636,152660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152637,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152639,3798],{"class":53},[47,152641,58],{"class":57},[47,152643,1067],{"class":86},[47,152645,2509],{"class":445},[47,152647,309],{"class":86},[47,152649,7966],{"class":445},[47,152651,309],{"class":86},[47,152653,7971],{"class":445},[47,152655,309],{"class":86},[47,152657,7966],{"class":445},[47,152659,286],{"class":86},[47,152661,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152663,83],{"class":82},[47,152665,87],{"class":86},[47,152667,3830],{"class":90},[47,152669,94],{"class":86},[47,152671,36022],{"class":90},[47,152673,87],{"class":86},[47,152675,15934],{"class":445},[47,152677,1879],{"class":86},[20,152679,814],{},[38,152681,152682],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152683,152684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152685,152686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152687,47090],{"class":445},[20,152689,21156,152690,152692,152693,152695],{},[15,152691,15934],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152694,59138],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152697,151114,152698,94],{},[455,152699,152701],{"href":152700},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[149,152703,261],{"id":260},[20,152705,7938,152706,152708],{},[15,152707,59138],{}," in two ways:",[38,152710,152712],{"className":40,"code":152711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152713,152714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152715,152716,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152717,152718],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,152720,94],{"class":86},[47,152722,36022],{"class":90},[47,152724,87],{"class":86},[47,152726,1587],{"class":90},[47,152728,286],{"class":86},[20,152730,152731],{},"or:",[38,152733,152735],{"className":40,"code":152734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152736,152737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152738,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152740,152718],{"class":53},[47,152742,94],{"class":86},[47,152744,36022],{"class":90},[47,152746,87],{"class":86},[47,152748,1587],{"class":90},[47,152750,309],{"class":86},[47,152752,312],{"class":90},[47,152754,309],{"class":86},[47,152756,335],{"class":90},[47,152758,286],{"class":86},[469,152760,17574],{"id":17573},[162,152762,152763,152768,152773,152778],{},[165,152764,152765,152767],{},[15,152766,1587],{}," — the item to search for",[165,152769,152770,152772],{},[15,152771,522],{}," — optional starting position",[165,152774,152775,152777],{},[15,152776,575],{}," — optional ending position",[165,152779,152780,4964,152782,152784],{},[15,152781,575],{},[3922,152783,65237],{}," in the search",[20,152786,183],{},[38,152788,152790],{"className":40,"code":152789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152791,152792,152840,152844,152869,152897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152793,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152795,36265],{"class":53},[47,152797,58],{"class":57},[47,152799,1067],{"class":86},[47,152801,102],{"class":61},[47,152803,455],{"class":65},[47,152805,102],{"class":61},[47,152807,309],{"class":86},[47,152809,62],{"class":61},[47,152811,2014],{"class":65},[47,152813,102],{"class":61},[47,152815,309],{"class":86},[47,152817,62],{"class":61},[47,152819,9913],{"class":65},[47,152821,102],{"class":61},[47,152823,309],{"class":86},[47,152825,62],{"class":61},[47,152827,2014],{"class":65},[47,152829,102],{"class":61},[47,152831,309],{"class":86},[47,152833,62],{"class":61},[47,152835,18946],{"class":65},[47,152837,102],{"class":61},[47,152839,286],{"class":86},[47,152841,152842],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152843,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,152845,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,152847,83],{"class":82},[47,152849,87],{"class":86},[47,152851,36318],{"class":90},[47,152853,94],{"class":86},[47,152855,36022],{"class":90},[47,152857,87],{"class":86},[47,152859,102],{"class":61},[47,152861,2014],{"class":65},[47,152863,102],{"class":61},[47,152865,110],{"class":86},[47,152867,152868],{"class":113},"        # 1\n",[47,152870,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,152872,83],{"class":82},[47,152874,87],{"class":86},[47,152876,36318],{"class":90},[47,152878,94],{"class":86},[47,152880,36022],{"class":90},[47,152882,87],{"class":86},[47,152884,102],{"class":61},[47,152886,2014],{"class":65},[47,152888,102],{"class":61},[47,152890,309],{"class":86},[47,152892,1769],{"class":445},[47,152894,110],{"class":86},[47,152896,51090],{"class":113},[47,152898,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,152900,83],{"class":82},[47,152902,87],{"class":86},[47,152904,36318],{"class":90},[47,152906,94],{"class":86},[47,152908,36022],{"class":90},[47,152910,87],{"class":86},[47,152912,102],{"class":61},[47,152914,2014],{"class":65},[47,152916,102],{"class":61},[47,152918,309],{"class":86},[47,152920,5677],{"class":445},[47,152922,309],{"class":86},[47,152924,2630],{"class":445},[47,152926,110],{"class":86},[47,152928,27957],{"class":113},[149,152930,103545],{"id":103544},[20,152932,152933,25686],{},[15,152934,149168],{},[162,152936,152937,152940],{},[165,152938,152939],{},"An integer",[165,152941,152942],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152944,152945],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152947,183],{},[38,152949,152951],{"className":40,"code":152950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152952,152953,152993,153015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152956,108644],{"class":53},[47,152958,58],{"class":57},[47,152960,1067],{"class":86},[47,152962,102],{"class":61},[47,152964,37223],{"class":65},[47,152966,102],{"class":61},[47,152968,309],{"class":86},[47,152970,62],{"class":61},[47,152972,58297],{"class":65},[47,152974,102],{"class":61},[47,152976,309],{"class":86},[47,152978,62],{"class":61},[47,152980,58314],{"class":65},[47,152982,102],{"class":61},[47,152984,309],{"class":86},[47,152986,62],{"class":61},[47,152988,58297],{"class":65},[47,152990,102],{"class":61},[47,152992,286],{"class":86},[47,152994,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152996,2407],{"class":53},[47,152998,58],{"class":57},[47,153000,108687],{"class":53},[47,153002,94],{"class":86},[47,153004,36022],{"class":90},[47,153006,87],{"class":86},[47,153008,102],{"class":61},[47,153010,58297],{"class":65},[47,153012,102],{"class":61},[47,153014,286],{"class":86},[47,153016,153017,153019,153021,153023],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153018,83],{"class":82},[47,153020,87],{"class":86},[47,153022,2442],{"class":90},[47,153024,286],{"class":86},[20,153026,814],{},[38,153028,153029],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153030,153031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153032,153033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153034,47090],{"class":445},[149,153036,153038],{"id":153037},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153040,144,153041,10776],{},[15,153042,149168],{},[162,153044,153045,153047,153050],{},[165,153046,66266],{},[165,153048,153049],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[165,153051,153052],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153054,153055,153056,153059,153060,94],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153057,153058],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[455,153061,149636],{"href":153062},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[149,153064,65798],{"id":65797},[20,153066,153067,153068,94],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153069,40879],{},[20,153071,183],{},[38,153073,153075],{"className":40,"code":153074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153076,153077,153109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153078,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153080,13254],{"class":53},[47,153082,58],{"class":57},[47,153084,1067],{"class":86},[47,153086,102],{"class":61},[47,153088,13271],{"class":65},[47,153090,102],{"class":61},[47,153092,309],{"class":86},[47,153094,62],{"class":61},[47,153096,13288],{"class":65},[47,153098,102],{"class":61},[47,153100,309],{"class":86},[47,153102,62],{"class":61},[47,153104,17633],{"class":65},[47,153106,102],{"class":61},[47,153108,286],{"class":86},[47,153110,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153112,83],{"class":82},[47,153114,87],{"class":86},[47,153116,17680],{"class":90},[47,153118,94],{"class":86},[47,153120,36022],{"class":90},[47,153122,87],{"class":86},[47,153124,102],{"class":61},[47,153126,22701],{"class":65},[47,153128,102],{"class":61},[47,153130,1879],{"class":86},[20,153132,39828,153133,153135],{},[15,153134,109969],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153137,65873],{},[38,153139,153141],{"className":40,"code":153140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153142,153143,153175,153179,153195,153217,153223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153144,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153146,13254],{"class":53},[47,153148,58],{"class":57},[47,153150,1067],{"class":86},[47,153152,102],{"class":61},[47,153154,13271],{"class":65},[47,153156,102],{"class":61},[47,153158,309],{"class":86},[47,153160,62],{"class":61},[47,153162,13288],{"class":65},[47,153164,102],{"class":61},[47,153166,309],{"class":86},[47,153168,62],{"class":61},[47,153170,17633],{"class":65},[47,153172,102],{"class":61},[47,153174,286],{"class":86},[47,153176,153177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153178,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,153180,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153182,723],{"class":752},[47,153184,62],{"class":61},[47,153186,22701],{"class":65},[47,153188,102],{"class":61},[47,153190,1690],{"class":57},[47,153192,13302],{"class":53},[47,153194,795],{"class":86},[47,153196,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,153198,776],{"class":82},[47,153200,87],{"class":86},[47,153202,17680],{"class":90},[47,153204,94],{"class":86},[47,153206,36022],{"class":90},[47,153208,87],{"class":86},[47,153210,102],{"class":61},[47,153212,22701],{"class":65},[47,153214,102],{"class":61},[47,153216,1879],{"class":86},[47,153218,153219,153221],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,153220,792],{"class":752},[47,153222,795],{"class":86},[47,153224,153225,153227,153229,153231,153234,153236],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,153226,776],{"class":82},[47,153228,87],{"class":86},[47,153230,102],{"class":61},[47,153232,153233],{"class":65},"Value not found",[47,153235,102],{"class":61},[47,153237,286],{"class":86},[20,153239,814],{},[38,153241,153243],{"className":40,"code":153242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,153244,153245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153246,153247,153250,153252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153248,153249],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,153251,4813],{"class":57},[47,153253,65997],{"class":53},[20,153255,153256,153257,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[455,153258,66007],{"href":66006},[149,153260,831,153261,837,153263],{"id":65574},[15,153262,522],{},[15,153264,575],{},[20,153266,842,153267,837,153269,153271],{},[15,153268,522],{},[15,153270,575],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153273,153274],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153276,183],{},[38,153278,153280],{"className":40,"code":153279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153281,153282,153310,153314,153335,153359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153283,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153285,4003],{"class":53},[47,153287,58],{"class":57},[47,153289,1067],{"class":86},[47,153291,2313],{"class":445},[47,153293,309],{"class":86},[47,153295,6184],{"class":445},[47,153297,309],{"class":86},[47,153299,4787],{"class":445},[47,153301,309],{"class":86},[47,153303,7966],{"class":445},[47,153305,309],{"class":86},[47,153307,4787],{"class":445},[47,153309,286],{"class":86},[47,153311,153312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153313,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,153315,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153317,83],{"class":82},[47,153319,87],{"class":86},[47,153321,5538],{"class":90},[47,153323,94],{"class":86},[47,153325,36022],{"class":90},[47,153327,87],{"class":86},[47,153329,2313],{"class":445},[47,153331,110],{"class":86},[47,153333,153334],{"class":113},"        # 0\n",[47,153336,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,153338,83],{"class":82},[47,153340,87],{"class":86},[47,153342,5538],{"class":90},[47,153344,94],{"class":86},[47,153346,36022],{"class":90},[47,153348,87],{"class":86},[47,153350,2313],{"class":445},[47,153352,309],{"class":86},[47,153354,5677],{"class":445},[47,153356,110],{"class":86},[47,153358,51124],{"class":113},[47,153360,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,153362,83],{"class":82},[47,153364,87],{"class":86},[47,153366,5538],{"class":90},[47,153368,94],{"class":86},[47,153370,36022],{"class":90},[47,153372,87],{"class":86},[47,153374,2313],{"class":445},[47,153376,309],{"class":86},[47,153378,2630],{"class":445},[47,153380,309],{"class":86},[47,153382,4787],{"class":445},[47,153384,110],{"class":86},[47,153386,51107],{"class":113},[469,153388,153390],{"id":153389},"how-it-works","How it works",[162,153392,153393,153398,153403],{},[165,153394,153395,153397],{},[15,153396,522],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[165,153399,153400,153402],{},[15,153401,575],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[165,153404,842,153405,153407],{},[15,153406,575],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153409,183],{},[38,153411,153413],{"className":40,"code":153412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153414,153415,153443,153447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153416,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153418,4003],{"class":53},[47,153420,58],{"class":57},[47,153422,1067],{"class":86},[47,153424,2313],{"class":445},[47,153426,309],{"class":86},[47,153428,6184],{"class":445},[47,153430,309],{"class":86},[47,153432,4787],{"class":445},[47,153434,309],{"class":86},[47,153436,7966],{"class":445},[47,153438,309],{"class":86},[47,153440,4787],{"class":445},[47,153442,286],{"class":86},[47,153444,153445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153446,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,153448,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153450,83],{"class":82},[47,153452,87],{"class":86},[47,153454,5538],{"class":90},[47,153456,94],{"class":86},[47,153458,36022],{"class":90},[47,153460,87],{"class":86},[47,153462,2313],{"class":445},[47,153464,309],{"class":86},[47,153466,5677],{"class":445},[47,153468,309],{"class":86},[47,153470,912],{"class":445},[47,153472,1879],{"class":86},[20,153474,814],{},[38,153476,153477],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153478,153479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153480,153481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153482,17235],{"class":445},[20,153484,153485,153486,2366,153488,17251,153490,153492,153493,94],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153487,1598],{},[15,153489,2233],{},[15,153491,2239],{},", but not ",[15,153494,2682],{},[149,153496,153498],{"id":153497},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153500,153501,153502,3062],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153503,149168],{},[162,153505,153506,153514,153519,153526],{},[165,153507,153508,153509,153511,153512],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3922,153510,1587],{}," with the ",[3922,153513,36022],{},[165,153515,153516,153517],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153518,1721],{},[165,153520,144,153521,153525],{},[455,153522,149194,153523,1168],{"href":149246},[15,153524,57460],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[165,153527,153528,153529,153531],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153530,153058],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153533,153534],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,153536,153538],{"className":40,"code":153537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153539,153540,153572,153576,153600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153541,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153543,36414],{"class":53},[47,153545,58],{"class":57},[47,153547,1067],{"class":86},[47,153549,102],{"class":61},[47,153551,4260],{"class":65},[47,153553,102],{"class":61},[47,153555,309],{"class":86},[47,153557,62],{"class":61},[47,153559,491],{"class":65},[47,153561,102],{"class":61},[47,153563,309],{"class":86},[47,153565,62],{"class":61},[47,153567,33396],{"class":65},[47,153569,102],{"class":61},[47,153571,286],{"class":86},[47,153573,153574],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153575,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,153577,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153579,83],{"class":82},[47,153581,87],{"class":86},[47,153583,36466],{"class":90},[47,153585,94],{"class":86},[47,153587,36022],{"class":90},[47,153589,87],{"class":86},[47,153591,102],{"class":61},[47,153593,491],{"class":65},[47,153595,102],{"class":61},[47,153597,110],{"class":86},[47,153599,27957],{"class":113},[47,153601,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,153603,83],{"class":82},[47,153605,87],{"class":86},[47,153607,36466],{"class":90},[47,153609,4080],{"class":86},[47,153611,1598],{"class":445},[47,153613,20625],{"class":86},[47,153615,153616],{"class":113},"               # banana\n",[20,153618,2355],{},[162,153620,153621,153625],{},[165,153622,153623,15426],{},[15,153624,65442],{},[165,153626,153627,153629],{},[15,153628,1598],{}," is the index",[149,153631,1425],{"id":1424},[20,153633,106283,153634,3062],{},[15,153635,149168],{},[162,153637,153638,153641,153646,153651,153658],{},[165,153639,153640],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[165,153642,8628,153643,153645],{},[15,153644,59138],{}," to return all matching positions",[165,153647,153648,153649],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153650,1721],{},[165,153652,153653,153654,837,153656],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153655,522],{},[15,153657,575],{},[165,153659,1608,153660,153662],{},[15,153661,149168],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[469,153664,60879],{"id":60878},[20,153666,94545],{},[38,153668,153670],{"className":40,"code":153669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153671,153672,153682,153696,153711,153729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153673,153674,153676,153678,153680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153675,83],{"class":82},[47,153677,87],{"class":86},[47,153679,147981],{"class":90},[47,153681,286],{"class":86},[47,153683,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153685,83],{"class":82},[47,153687,87],{"class":86},[47,153689,11337],{"class":82},[47,153691,87],{"class":86},[47,153693,147981],{"class":90},[47,153695,1879],{"class":86},[47,153697,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706,153709],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153699,83],{"class":82},[47,153701,87],{"class":86},[47,153703,1535],{"class":90},[47,153705,1613],{"class":752},[47,153707,153708],{"class":90}," my_tuple",[47,153710,286],{"class":86},[47,153712,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,153714,83],{"class":82},[47,153716,87],{"class":86},[47,153718,147981],{"class":90},[47,153720,94],{"class":86},[47,153722,41434],{"class":90},[47,153724,87],{"class":86},[47,153726,1587],{"class":90},[47,153728,1879],{"class":86},[47,153730,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,153732,83],{"class":82},[47,153734,87],{"class":86},[47,153736,147981],{"class":90},[47,153738,94],{"class":86},[47,153740,36022],{"class":90},[47,153742,87],{"class":86},[47,153744,1587],{"class":90},[47,153746,1879],{"class":86},[20,153748,153749,153750,84562,153752,153754],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153751,40879],{},[15,153753,1587],{}," is missing.",[20,153756,129756],{},[38,153758,153760],{"className":40,"code":153759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153761,153762,153774,153792,153798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153763,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153765,723],{"class":752},[47,153767,21761],{"class":53},[47,153769,1613],{"class":57},[47,153771,153708],{"class":53},[47,153773,795],{"class":86},[47,153775,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153777,776],{"class":82},[47,153779,87],{"class":86},[47,153781,147981],{"class":90},[47,153783,94],{"class":86},[47,153785,36022],{"class":90},[47,153787,87],{"class":86},[47,153789,1587],{"class":90},[47,153791,1879],{"class":86},[47,153793,153794,153796],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153795,792],{"class":752},[47,153797,795],{"class":86},[47,153799,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,153801,776],{"class":82},[47,153803,87],{"class":86},[47,153805,102],{"class":61},[47,153807,153233],{"class":65},[47,153809,102],{"class":61},[47,153811,286],{"class":86},[149,153813,1962],{"id":1961},[469,153815,5323,153817,12893],{"id":153816},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153818,149168],{},[20,153820,153821],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[469,153823,153825],{"id":153824},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153827,153828,152695],{},[15,153829,149168],{},[469,153831,149147],{"id":149146},[20,153833,77024,153834,94],{},[15,153835,40879],{},[469,153837,153839],{"id":153838},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153841,153842,153843,837,153845,153847],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153844,522],{},[15,153846,575],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[469,153849,2022,153851,57375,153853,2037],{"id":153850},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153852,149168],{},[15,153854,65034],{},[20,153856,153857],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[149,153859,2062],{"id":2061},[162,153861,153862,153868,153872,153877,153881],{},[165,153863,153864],{},[455,153865,149194,153866,1168],{"href":149246},[15,153867,57460],{},[165,153869,153870],{},[455,153871,149636],{"href":153062},[165,153873,153874],{},[455,153875,153876],{"href":150942},"Creating a tuple in Python",[165,153878,153879],{},[455,153880,66007],{"href":66006},[165,153882,153883],{},[455,153884,150890],{"href":152700},[2093,153886,153887],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":153889},[153890,153891,153893,153896,153897,153898,153899,153902,153903,153906,153915],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":152607,"depth":72,"text":153892},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261,"children":153894},[153895],{"id":17573,"depth":79,"text":17574},{"id":103544,"depth":72,"text":103545},{"id":153037,"depth":72,"text":153038},{"id":65797,"depth":72,"text":65798},{"id":65574,"depth":72,"text":66357,"children":153900},[153901],{"id":153389,"depth":79,"text":153390},{"id":153497,"depth":72,"text":153498},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425,"children":153904},[153905],{"id":60878,"depth":79,"text":60879},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":153907},[153908,153910,153911,153912,153913],{"id":153816,"depth":79,"text":153909},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153824,"depth":79,"text":153825},{"id":149146,"depth":79,"text":149147},{"id":153838,"depth":79,"text":153839},{"id":153850,"depth":79,"text":153914},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152502,"description":153916},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153923,"title":153924,"body":153925,"description":155320,"extension":2138,"meta":155321,"navigation":75,"path":153062,"seo":155322,"stem":155323,"__hash__":155324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153926,"toc":155302},[153927,153930,153933,153936,153950,153952,153955,154049,154059,154065,154069,154072,154075,154077,154095,154097,154168,154170,154187,154191,154195,154198,154215,154218,154233,154235,154326,154329,154333,154336,154353,154355,154450,154453,154456,154460,154463,154557,154559,154578,154581,154585,154588,154590,154645,154647,154682,154685,154699,154707,154800,154809,154813,154816,154823,154826,154873,154875,154883,154886,154937,154939,154956,154961,154965,154968,154971,154973,155024,155027,155082,155085,155088,155090,155093,155113,155115,155188,155191,155204,155206,155210,155215,155219,155224,155241,155245,155248,155265,155269,155272,155274,155299],[10,153928,153924],{"id":153929},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153931,153932],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153934,153935],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[162,153937,153938,153941,153944,153947],{},[165,153939,153940],{},"positive indexes",[165,153942,153943],{},"negative indexes",[165,153945,153946],{},"common indexing mistakes",[165,153948,153949],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[149,153951,3788],{"id":3787},[20,153953,153954],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,153956,153958],{"className":40,"code":153957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153959,153960,153992,153996,154013,154030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153961,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153963,13254],{"class":53},[47,153965,58],{"class":57},[47,153967,1067],{"class":86},[47,153969,102],{"class":61},[47,153971,13271],{"class":65},[47,153973,102],{"class":61},[47,153975,309],{"class":86},[47,153977,62],{"class":61},[47,153979,17633],{"class":65},[47,153981,102],{"class":61},[47,153983,309],{"class":86},[47,153985,62],{"class":61},[47,153987,13288],{"class":65},[47,153989,102],{"class":61},[47,153991,286],{"class":86},[47,153993,153994],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153995,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,153997,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,153999,83],{"class":82},[47,154001,87],{"class":86},[47,154003,17680],{"class":90},[47,154005,4080],{"class":86},[47,154007,1721],{"class":445},[47,154009,20625],{"class":86},[47,154011,154012],{"class":113},"   # red\n",[47,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154016,83],{"class":82},[47,154018,87],{"class":86},[47,154020,17680],{"class":90},[47,154022,4080],{"class":86},[47,154024,1598],{"class":445},[47,154026,20625],{"class":86},[47,154028,154029],{"class":113},"   # green\n",[47,154031,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154033,83],{"class":82},[47,154035,87],{"class":86},[47,154037,17680],{"class":90},[47,154039,4080],{"class":86},[47,154041,2198],{"class":57},[47,154043,1598],{"class":445},[47,154045,20625],{"class":86},[47,154047,154048],{"class":113},"  # blue\n",[162,154050,154051,154056],{},[165,154052,132543,154053,154055],{},[15,154054,1721],{}," is the first item.",[165,154057,154058],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154060,154061,154062,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[455,154063,154064],{"href":147966},"how to create a tuple in Python",[149,154066,154068],{"id":154067},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154070,154071],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154073,154074],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154076,11634],{},[162,154078,154079,154082,154089,154092],{},[165,154080,154081],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[165,154083,154084,154085,19142,154087],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154086,1721],{},[15,154088,1598],{},[165,154090,154091],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[165,154093,154094],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154096,183],{},[38,154098,154100],{"className":40,"code":154099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154101,154102,154122,154126,154140,154154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154103,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154105,3798],{"class":53},[47,154107,58],{"class":57},[47,154109,1067],{"class":86},[47,154111,2509],{"class":445},[47,154113,309],{"class":86},[47,154115,7966],{"class":445},[47,154117,309],{"class":86},[47,154119,7971],{"class":445},[47,154121,286],{"class":86},[47,154123,154124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154125,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154127,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154129,83],{"class":82},[47,154131,87],{"class":86},[47,154133,3830],{"class":90},[47,154135,4080],{"class":86},[47,154137,1721],{"class":445},[47,154139,4068],{"class":86},[47,154141,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154143,83],{"class":82},[47,154145,87],{"class":86},[47,154147,3830],{"class":90},[47,154149,4080],{"class":86},[47,154151,1598],{"class":445},[47,154153,4068],{"class":86},[47,154155,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154157,83],{"class":82},[47,154159,87],{"class":86},[47,154161,3830],{"class":90},[47,154163,4080],{"class":86},[47,154165,2233],{"class":445},[47,154167,4068],{"class":86},[20,154169,814],{},[38,154171,154173],{"className":40,"code":154172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154174,154175,154179,154183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154176,154177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154178,2555],{"class":445},[47,154180,154181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154182,71391],{"class":445},[47,154184,154185],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154186,70007],{"class":445},[20,154188,59563,154189,94],{},[455,154190,147963],{"href":147962},[149,154192,154194],{"id":154193},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154196,154197],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[162,154199,154200,154205,154210],{},[165,154201,154202,154204],{},[15,154203,1721],{}," = first item",[165,154206,154207,154209],{},[15,154208,1598],{}," = second item",[165,154211,154212,154214],{},[15,154213,2233],{}," = third item",[20,154216,154217],{},"Pattern:",[38,154219,154221],{"className":40,"code":154220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154222,154223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154224,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154226,152718],{"class":53},[47,154228,4080],{"class":86},[47,154230,36022],{"class":53},[47,154232,3816],{"class":86},[20,154234,183],{},[38,154236,154238],{"className":40,"code":154237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154239,154240,154272,154276,154293,154309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154241,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154243,36414],{"class":53},[47,154245,58],{"class":57},[47,154247,1067],{"class":86},[47,154249,102],{"class":61},[47,154251,4260],{"class":65},[47,154253,102],{"class":61},[47,154255,309],{"class":86},[47,154257,62],{"class":61},[47,154259,491],{"class":65},[47,154261,102],{"class":61},[47,154263,309],{"class":86},[47,154265,62],{"class":61},[47,154267,4277],{"class":65},[47,154269,102],{"class":61},[47,154271,286],{"class":86},[47,154273,154274],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154275,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154277,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154279,83],{"class":82},[47,154281,87],{"class":86},[47,154283,36466],{"class":90},[47,154285,4080],{"class":86},[47,154287,1721],{"class":445},[47,154289,20625],{"class":86},[47,154291,154292],{"class":113},"  # apple\n",[47,154294,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154296,83],{"class":82},[47,154298,87],{"class":86},[47,154300,36466],{"class":90},[47,154302,4080],{"class":86},[47,154304,1598],{"class":445},[47,154306,20625],{"class":86},[47,154308,51656],{"class":113},[47,154310,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154312,83],{"class":82},[47,154314,87],{"class":86},[47,154316,36466],{"class":90},[47,154318,4080],{"class":86},[47,154320,2233],{"class":445},[47,154322,20625],{"class":86},[47,154324,154325],{"class":113},"  # cherry\n",[20,154327,154328],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[149,154330,154332],{"id":154331},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154334,154335],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[162,154337,154338,154343,154348],{},[165,154339,154340,154342],{},[15,154341,66022],{}," = last item",[165,154344,154345,154347],{},[15,154346,95575],{}," = second-to-last item",[165,154349,154350,154352],{},[15,154351,47844],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154354,183],{},[38,154356,154358],{"className":40,"code":154357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154359,154360,154392,154396,154414,154432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154361,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154363,36414],{"class":53},[47,154365,58],{"class":57},[47,154367,1067],{"class":86},[47,154369,102],{"class":61},[47,154371,4260],{"class":65},[47,154373,102],{"class":61},[47,154375,309],{"class":86},[47,154377,62],{"class":61},[47,154379,491],{"class":65},[47,154381,102],{"class":61},[47,154383,309],{"class":86},[47,154385,62],{"class":61},[47,154387,4277],{"class":65},[47,154389,102],{"class":61},[47,154391,286],{"class":86},[47,154393,154394],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154395,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154397,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154399,83],{"class":82},[47,154401,87],{"class":86},[47,154403,36466],{"class":90},[47,154405,4080],{"class":86},[47,154407,2198],{"class":57},[47,154409,1598],{"class":445},[47,154411,20625],{"class":86},[47,154413,154325],{"class":113},[47,154415,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154417,83],{"class":82},[47,154419,87],{"class":86},[47,154421,36466],{"class":90},[47,154423,4080],{"class":86},[47,154425,2198],{"class":57},[47,154427,2233],{"class":445},[47,154429,20625],{"class":86},[47,154431,51656],{"class":113},[47,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154435,83],{"class":82},[47,154437,87],{"class":86},[47,154439,36466],{"class":90},[47,154441,4080],{"class":86},[47,154443,2198],{"class":57},[47,154445,2239],{"class":445},[47,154447,20625],{"class":86},[47,154449,154292],{"class":113},[20,154451,154452],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154454,154455],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[149,154457,154459],{"id":154458},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154461,154462],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,154464,154466],{"className":40,"code":154465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154467,154468,154500,154504,154521,154538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154469,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154471,5175],{"class":53},[47,154473,58],{"class":57},[47,154475,1067],{"class":86},[47,154477,102],{"class":61},[47,154479,13058],{"class":65},[47,154481,102],{"class":61},[47,154483,309],{"class":86},[47,154485,62],{"class":61},[47,154487,36117],{"class":65},[47,154489,102],{"class":61},[47,154491,309],{"class":86},[47,154493,62],{"class":61},[47,154495,36126],{"class":65},[47,154497,102],{"class":61},[47,154499,286],{"class":86},[47,154501,154502],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154503,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154505,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154507,83],{"class":82},[47,154509,87],{"class":86},[47,154511,5219],{"class":90},[47,154513,4080],{"class":86},[47,154515,1721],{"class":445},[47,154517,20625],{"class":86},[47,154519,154520],{"class":113},"   # first item\n",[47,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154524,83],{"class":82},[47,154526,87],{"class":86},[47,154528,5219],{"class":90},[47,154530,4080],{"class":86},[47,154532,1598],{"class":445},[47,154534,20625],{"class":86},[47,154536,154537],{"class":113},"   # middle item\n",[47,154539,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154541,83],{"class":82},[47,154543,87],{"class":86},[47,154545,5219],{"class":90},[47,154547,4080],{"class":86},[47,154549,2198],{"class":57},[47,154551,1598],{"class":445},[47,154553,20625],{"class":86},[47,154555,154556],{"class":113},"  # last item\n",[20,154558,814],{},[38,154560,154562],{"className":40,"code":154561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154563,154564,154568,154573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154565,154566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154567,50212],{"class":53},[47,154569,154570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154571,154572],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,154574,154575],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154576,154577],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,154579,154580],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[149,154582,154584],{"id":154583},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154586,154587],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154589,183],{},[38,154591,154593],{"className":40,"code":154592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154594,154595,154627,154631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154598,36265],{"class":53},[47,154600,58],{"class":57},[47,154602,1067],{"class":86},[47,154604,102],{"class":61},[47,154606,455],{"class":65},[47,154608,102],{"class":61},[47,154610,309],{"class":86},[47,154612,62],{"class":61},[47,154614,2014],{"class":65},[47,154616,102],{"class":61},[47,154618,309],{"class":86},[47,154620,62],{"class":61},[47,154622,9913],{"class":65},[47,154624,102],{"class":61},[47,154626,286],{"class":86},[47,154628,154629],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154630,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154632,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154634,83],{"class":82},[47,154636,87],{"class":86},[47,154638,36318],{"class":90},[47,154640,4080],{"class":86},[47,154642,2313],{"class":445},[47,154644,4068],{"class":86},[20,154646,814],{},[38,154648,154650],{"className":40,"code":154649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154651,154652,154664,154669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154653,154654,154657,154659,154662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154655,154656],{"class":90},"Traceback ",[47,154658,87],{"class":86},[47,154660,154661],{"class":90},"most recent call last",[47,154663,771],{"class":86},[47,154665,154666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154667,154668],{"class":34629},"  ...\n",[47,154670,154671,154673,154675,154677,154680],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154672,70898],{"class":1570},[47,154674,3062],{"class":86},[47,154676,149329],{"class":1570},[47,154678,154679],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,154681,71090],{"class":82},[20,154683,154684],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[162,154686,154687,154691,154695],{},[165,154688,154689],{},[15,154690,1721],{},[165,154692,154693],{},[15,154694,1598],{},[165,154696,154697],{},[15,154698,2233],{},[20,154700,154701,154702,94],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[455,154703,154704,154706],{"href":149201},[15,154705,42536],{}," on a tuple",[38,154708,154710],{"className":40,"code":154709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154711,154712,154744,154748,154764,154768,154786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154713,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154715,36265],{"class":53},[47,154717,58],{"class":57},[47,154719,1067],{"class":86},[47,154721,102],{"class":61},[47,154723,455],{"class":65},[47,154725,102],{"class":61},[47,154727,309],{"class":86},[47,154729,62],{"class":61},[47,154731,2014],{"class":65},[47,154733,102],{"class":61},[47,154735,309],{"class":86},[47,154737,62],{"class":61},[47,154739,9913],{"class":65},[47,154741,102],{"class":61},[47,154743,286],{"class":86},[47,154745,154746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154747,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154749,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154751,83],{"class":82},[47,154753,87],{"class":86},[47,154755,11337],{"class":82},[47,154757,87],{"class":86},[47,154759,36318],{"class":90},[47,154761,110],{"class":86},[47,154763,50942],{"class":113},[47,154765,154766],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,154767,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154769,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,154771,723],{"class":752},[47,154773,38561],{"class":82},[47,154775,87],{"class":86},[47,154777,36318],{"class":90},[47,154779,1696],{"class":86},[47,154781,38571],{"class":57},[47,154783,1769],{"class":445},[47,154785,795],{"class":86},[47,154787,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,154789,776],{"class":82},[47,154791,87],{"class":86},[47,154793,36318],{"class":90},[47,154795,4080],{"class":86},[47,154797,2233],{"class":445},[47,154799,4068],{"class":86},[20,154801,154802,154803,94],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[455,154804,25857,154806],{"href":154805},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154807,154808],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[149,154810,154812],{"id":154811},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154814,154815],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[162,154817,154818,154820],{},[165,154819,77041],{},[165,154821,154822],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154824,154825],{},"Indexing example:",[38,154827,154829],{"className":40,"code":154828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154830,154831,154855,154859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154832,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154834,3798],{"class":53},[47,154836,58],{"class":57},[47,154838,1067],{"class":86},[47,154840,2509],{"class":445},[47,154842,309],{"class":86},[47,154844,7966],{"class":445},[47,154846,309],{"class":86},[47,154848,7971],{"class":445},[47,154850,309],{"class":86},[47,154852,51015],{"class":445},[47,154854,286],{"class":86},[47,154856,154857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154858,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154860,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154862,83],{"class":82},[47,154864,87],{"class":86},[47,154866,3830],{"class":90},[47,154868,4080],{"class":86},[47,154870,1598],{"class":445},[47,154872,4068],{"class":86},[20,154874,814],{},[38,154876,154877],{"className":40,"code":71391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154878,154879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154880,154881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154882,71391],{"class":445},[20,154884,154885],{},"Slicing example:",[38,154887,154889],{"className":40,"code":154888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154890,154891,154915,154919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154892,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154894,3798],{"class":53},[47,154896,58],{"class":57},[47,154898,1067],{"class":86},[47,154900,2509],{"class":445},[47,154902,309],{"class":86},[47,154904,7966],{"class":445},[47,154906,309],{"class":86},[47,154908,7971],{"class":445},[47,154910,309],{"class":86},[47,154912,51015],{"class":445},[47,154914,286],{"class":86},[47,154916,154917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154918,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,154920,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,154922,83],{"class":82},[47,154924,87],{"class":86},[47,154926,3830],{"class":90},[47,154928,4080],{"class":86},[47,154930,1598],{"class":445},[47,154932,3062],{"class":86},[47,154934,2239],{"class":445},[47,154936,4068],{"class":86},[20,154938,814],{},[38,154940,154942],{"className":40,"code":154941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154943,154944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154945,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154947,87],{"class":86},[47,154949,15934],{"class":445},[47,154951,309],{"class":86},[47,154953,7971],{"class":445},[47,154955,286],{"class":86},[20,154957,154958,154959,94],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[455,154960,150880],{"href":150879},[149,154962,154964],{"id":154963},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154966,154967],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154969,154970],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154972,6865],{},[38,154974,154976],{"className":40,"code":154975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154977,154978,155010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154979,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154981,13254],{"class":53},[47,154983,58],{"class":57},[47,154985,1067],{"class":86},[47,154987,102],{"class":61},[47,154989,13271],{"class":65},[47,154991,102],{"class":61},[47,154993,309],{"class":86},[47,154995,62],{"class":61},[47,154997,17633],{"class":65},[47,154999,102],{"class":61},[47,155001,309],{"class":86},[47,155003,62],{"class":61},[47,155005,13288],{"class":65},[47,155007,102],{"class":61},[47,155009,286],{"class":86},[47,155011,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155013,83],{"class":82},[47,155015,87],{"class":86},[47,155017,17680],{"class":90},[47,155019,4080],{"class":86},[47,155021,1598],{"class":445},[47,155023,4068],{"class":86},[20,155025,155026],{},"But this does not work:",[38,155028,155030],{"className":40,"code":155029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155031,155032,155064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155033,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155035,13254],{"class":53},[47,155037,58],{"class":57},[47,155039,1067],{"class":86},[47,155041,102],{"class":61},[47,155043,13271],{"class":65},[47,155045,102],{"class":61},[47,155047,309],{"class":86},[47,155049,62],{"class":61},[47,155051,17633],{"class":65},[47,155053,102],{"class":61},[47,155055,309],{"class":86},[47,155057,62],{"class":61},[47,155059,13288],{"class":65},[47,155061,102],{"class":61},[47,155063,286],{"class":86},[47,155065,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155067,17680],{"class":53},[47,155069,4080],{"class":86},[47,155071,1598],{"class":445},[47,155073,13452],{"class":86},[47,155075,13455],{"class":57},[47,155077,62],{"class":61},[47,155079,22701],{"class":65},[47,155081,69],{"class":61},[20,155083,155084],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155086,155087],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[149,155089,1425],{"id":1424},[20,155091,155092],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[162,155094,155095,155101,155104,155107],{},[165,155096,132847,155097,11267,155099],{},[15,155098,1598],{},[15,155100,1721],{},[165,155102,155103],{},"Using an index that is too large",[165,155105,155106],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[165,155108,155109,155110],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155111,155112],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155114,62463],{},[38,155116,155118],{"className":40,"code":155117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155119,155120,155130,155144,155158,155174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155121,155122,155124,155126,155128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155123,83],{"class":82},[47,155125,87],{"class":86},[47,155127,147981],{"class":90},[47,155129,286],{"class":86},[47,155131,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155133,83],{"class":82},[47,155135,87],{"class":86},[47,155137,11337],{"class":82},[47,155139,87],{"class":86},[47,155141,147981],{"class":90},[47,155143,1879],{"class":86},[47,155145,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,155147,83],{"class":82},[47,155149,87],{"class":86},[47,155151,147981],{"class":90},[47,155153,4080],{"class":86},[47,155155,1721],{"class":445},[47,155157,4068],{"class":86},[47,155159,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,155161,83],{"class":82},[47,155163,87],{"class":86},[47,155165,147981],{"class":90},[47,155167,4080],{"class":86},[47,155169,2198],{"class":57},[47,155171,1598],{"class":445},[47,155173,4068],{"class":86},[47,155175,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,155177,83],{"class":82},[47,155179,87],{"class":86},[47,155181,1872],{"class":1570},[47,155183,87],{"class":86},[47,155185,147981],{"class":90},[47,155187,1879],{"class":86},[20,155189,155190],{},"These can help you confirm:",[162,155192,155193,155196,155198,155201],{},[165,155194,155195],{},"what the tuple contains",[165,155197,60953],{},[165,155199,155200],{},"what the first and last items are",[165,155202,155203],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[149,155205,1962],{"id":1961},[469,155207,155209],{"id":155208},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155211,155212,155213,94],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155214,1721],{},[469,155216,155218],{"id":155217},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155220,144,155221,155223],{},[15,155222,66022],{}," as the index:",[38,155225,155227],{"className":40,"code":155226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155228,155229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155232,147981],{"class":53},[47,155234,4080],{"class":86},[47,155236,2198],{"class":57},[47,155238,1598],{"class":445},[47,155240,3816],{"class":86},[469,155242,155244],{"id":155243},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155246,155247],{},"Python raises:",[38,155249,155251],{"className":40,"code":155250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155252,155253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155256,70898],{"class":1570},[47,155258,3062],{"class":86},[47,155260,149329],{"class":1570},[47,155262,154679],{"class":53},[47,155264,71090],{"class":82},[469,155266,155268],{"id":155267},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155270,155271],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[149,155273,2062],{"id":2061},[162,155275,155276,155281,155285,155289,155295],{},[165,155277,155278],{},[455,155279,155280],{"href":147966},"How to create a tuple in Python",[165,155282,155283],{},[455,155284,150880],{"href":150879},[165,155286,155287],{},[455,155288,150885],{"href":149201},[165,155290,155291],{},[455,155292,26300,155293],{"href":154805},[15,155294,154808],{},[165,155296,155297],{},[455,155298,147963],{"href":147962},[2093,155300,155301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":155303},[155304,155305,155306,155307,155308,155309,155310,155311,155312,155313,155319],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":154067,"depth":72,"text":154068},{"id":154193,"depth":72,"text":154194},{"id":154331,"depth":72,"text":154332},{"id":154458,"depth":72,"text":154459},{"id":154583,"depth":72,"text":154584},{"id":154811,"depth":72,"text":154812},{"id":154963,"depth":72,"text":154964},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":155314},[155315,155316,155317,155318],{"id":155208,"depth":79,"text":155209},{"id":155217,"depth":79,"text":155218},{"id":155243,"depth":79,"text":155244},{"id":155267,"depth":79,"text":155268},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153924,"description":155320},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155326,"title":155327,"body":155328,"description":157217,"extension":2138,"meta":157218,"navigation":75,"path":157219,"seo":157220,"stem":157221,"__hash__":157222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155329,"toc":157174},[155330,155336,155341,155392,155396,155404,155410,155412,155428,155430,155433,155448,155450,155463,155465,155522,155526,155534,155541,155547,155553,155557,155608,155612,155620,155624,155653,155657,155665,155669,155702,155706,155714,155718,155721,155772,155776,155784,155786,155803,155807,155811,155870,155874,155882,155885,155912,155916,155924,155928,155934,156009,156013,156050,156058,156062,156125,156129,156137,156142,156146,156152,156195,156199,156207,156213,156216,156263,156267,156275,156284,156290,156345,156349,156357,156360,156364,156366,156397,156401,156420,156423,156468,156472,156495,156501,156506,156508,156555,156560,156563,156611,156615,156623,156627,156632,156636,156686,156690,156705,156709,156767,156771,156786,156790,156861,156865,156874,156878,156957,156961,156983,156991,156993,156996,157021,157023,157076,157078,157095,157097,157101,157107,157112,157117,157121,157126,157130,157135,157141,157144,157146,157171],[10,155331,155333,155334,1696],{"id":155332},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155335,11337],{},[20,155337,144,155338,155340],{},[15,155339,42536],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,155342,155344],{"className":40,"code":155343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155345,155346,155378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155347,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155349,13254],{"class":53},[47,155351,58],{"class":57},[47,155353,1067],{"class":86},[47,155355,102],{"class":61},[47,155357,13271],{"class":65},[47,155359,102],{"class":61},[47,155361,309],{"class":86},[47,155363,62],{"class":61},[47,155365,17633],{"class":65},[47,155367,102],{"class":61},[47,155369,309],{"class":86},[47,155371,62],{"class":61},[47,155373,13288],{"class":65},[47,155375,102],{"class":61},[47,155377,286],{"class":86},[47,155379,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155381,83],{"class":82},[47,155383,87],{"class":86},[47,155385,11337],{"class":82},[47,155387,87],{"class":86},[47,155389,17680],{"class":90},[47,155391,1879],{"class":86},[20,155393,155394],{},[3922,155395,814],{},[38,155397,155398],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155399,155400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155401,155402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155403,46790],{"class":445},[20,155405,144,155406,155409],{},[15,155407,155408],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[149,155411,15342],{"id":15341},[162,155413,155414,155419,155423,155426],{},[165,155415,4379,155416,155418],{},[15,155417,42536],{}," works with tuples",[165,155420,68426,155421,11882],{},[15,155422,42536],{},[165,155424,155425],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[165,155427,4700],{},[149,155429,261],{"id":260},[20,155431,155432],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,155434,155436],{"className":40,"code":155435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155437,155438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155439,155440,155442,155444,155446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155441,11337],{"class":82},[47,155443,87],{"class":86},[47,155445,147981],{"class":90},[47,155447,286],{"class":86},[20,155449,11634],{},[162,155451,155452,155455,155458],{},[165,155453,155454],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[165,155456,155457],{},"The result is an integer",[165,155459,155460,155462],{},[15,155461,42536],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155464,183],{},[38,155466,155468],{"className":40,"code":155467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155469,155470,155494,155508,155512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155471,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155473,3798],{"class":53},[47,155475,58],{"class":57},[47,155477,1067],{"class":86},[47,155479,2509],{"class":445},[47,155481,309],{"class":86},[47,155483,7966],{"class":445},[47,155485,309],{"class":86},[47,155487,7971],{"class":445},[47,155489,309],{"class":86},[47,155491,51015],{"class":445},[47,155493,286],{"class":86},[47,155495,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155497,41416],{"class":53},[47,155499,58],{"class":57},[47,155501,38561],{"class":82},[47,155503,87],{"class":86},[47,155505,3830],{"class":90},[47,155507,286],{"class":86},[47,155509,155510],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,155511,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,155515,83],{"class":82},[47,155517,87],{"class":86},[47,155519,41434],{"class":90},[47,155521,286],{"class":86},[20,155523,155524],{},[3922,155525,814],{},[38,155527,155528],{"className":40,"code":48824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155529,155530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155531,155532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155533,48824],{"class":445},[20,155535,155536,155537,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[455,155538,3755,155539,3688],{"href":42533},[15,155540,42536],{},[149,155542,152,155544,155546],{"id":155543},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155545,42536],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155548,155549,155550,155552],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155551,42536],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[469,155554,155556],{"id":155555},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,155558,155560],{"className":40,"code":155559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155561,155562,155594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155563,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155565,36414],{"class":53},[47,155567,58],{"class":57},[47,155569,1067],{"class":86},[47,155571,102],{"class":61},[47,155573,4260],{"class":65},[47,155575,102],{"class":61},[47,155577,309],{"class":86},[47,155579,62],{"class":61},[47,155581,491],{"class":65},[47,155583,102],{"class":61},[47,155585,309],{"class":86},[47,155587,62],{"class":61},[47,155589,33396],{"class":65},[47,155591,102],{"class":61},[47,155593,286],{"class":86},[47,155595,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155597,83],{"class":82},[47,155599,87],{"class":86},[47,155601,11337],{"class":82},[47,155603,87],{"class":86},[47,155605,36466],{"class":90},[47,155607,1879],{"class":86},[20,155609,155610],{},[3922,155611,814],{},[38,155613,155614],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155615,155616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155617,155618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155619,46790],{"class":445},[469,155621,155623],{"id":155622},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,155625,155627],{"className":40,"code":155626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155628,155629,155638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155630,155631,155634,155636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155632,155633],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,155635,58],{"class":57},[47,155637,149305],{"class":86},[47,155639,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155641,83],{"class":82},[47,155643,87],{"class":86},[47,155645,11337],{"class":82},[47,155647,87],{"class":86},[47,155649,155650],{"class":90},"empty_tuple",[47,155652,1879],{"class":86},[20,155654,155655],{},[3922,155656,814],{},[38,155658,155659],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155660,155661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155662,155663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155664,47425],{"class":445},[469,155666,155668],{"id":155667},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,155670,155672],{"className":40,"code":155671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155673,155674,155687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155675,155676,155679,155681,155683,155685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155677,155678],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,155680,58],{"class":57},[47,155682,1067],{"class":86},[47,155684,2313],{"class":445},[47,155686,149319],{"class":86},[47,155688,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155690,83],{"class":82},[47,155692,87],{"class":86},[47,155694,11337],{"class":82},[47,155696,87],{"class":86},[47,155698,155699],{"class":90},"single_value",[47,155701,1879],{"class":86},[20,155703,155704],{},[3922,155705,814],{},[38,155707,155708],{"className":40,"code":47090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155709,155710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155711,155712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155713,47090],{"class":445},[469,155715,155717],{"id":155716},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155719,155720],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,155722,155724],{"className":40,"code":155723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155725,155726,155758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155727,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155729,9340],{"class":53},[47,155731,58],{"class":57},[47,155733,1067],{"class":86},[47,155735,1598],{"class":445},[47,155737,309],{"class":86},[47,155739,1067],{"class":86},[47,155741,2233],{"class":445},[47,155743,309],{"class":86},[47,155745,2630],{"class":445},[47,155747,9408],{"class":86},[47,155749,3803],{"class":86},[47,155751,2682],{"class":445},[47,155753,309],{"class":86},[47,155755,4787],{"class":445},[47,155757,4068],{"class":86},[47,155759,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155761,83],{"class":82},[47,155763,87],{"class":86},[47,155765,11337],{"class":82},[47,155767,87],{"class":86},[47,155769,9379],{"class":90},[47,155771,1879],{"class":86},[20,155773,155774],{},[3922,155775,814],{},[38,155777,155778],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155779,155780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155781,155782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155783,46790],{"class":445},[20,155785,20136],{},[162,155787,155788,155793,155798],{},[165,155789,155790,155792],{},[15,155791,1598],{}," is one item",[165,155794,155795,155792],{},[15,155796,155797],{},"(2, 3)",[165,155799,155800,155792],{},[15,155801,155802],{},"[4, 5]",[149,155804,155806],{"id":155805},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[469,155808,155810],{"id":155809},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,155812,155814],{"className":40,"code":155813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155815,155816,155856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155817,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155819,13254],{"class":53},[47,155821,58],{"class":57},[47,155823,1067],{"class":86},[47,155825,102],{"class":61},[47,155827,13271],{"class":65},[47,155829,102],{"class":61},[47,155831,309],{"class":86},[47,155833,62],{"class":61},[47,155835,17633],{"class":65},[47,155837,102],{"class":61},[47,155839,309],{"class":86},[47,155841,62],{"class":61},[47,155843,13288],{"class":65},[47,155845,102],{"class":61},[47,155847,309],{"class":86},[47,155849,62],{"class":61},[47,155851,22701],{"class":65},[47,155853,102],{"class":61},[47,155855,286],{"class":86},[47,155857,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155859,83],{"class":82},[47,155861,87],{"class":86},[47,155863,11337],{"class":82},[47,155865,87],{"class":86},[47,155867,17680],{"class":90},[47,155869,1879],{"class":86},[20,155871,155872],{},[3922,155873,814],{},[38,155875,155876],{"className":40,"code":48824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155877,155878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155879,155880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155881,48824],{"class":445},[469,155883,155623],{"id":155884},"empty-tuple-1",[38,155886,155888],{"className":40,"code":155887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155889,155890,155898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155891,155892,155894,155896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155893,7955],{"class":53},[47,155895,58],{"class":57},[47,155897,149305],{"class":86},[47,155899,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155901,83],{"class":82},[47,155903,87],{"class":86},[47,155905,11337],{"class":82},[47,155907,87],{"class":86},[47,155909,7986],{"class":90},[47,155911,1879],{"class":86},[20,155913,155914],{},[3922,155915,814],{},[38,155917,155918],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155919,155920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155921,155922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155923,47425],{"class":445},[469,155925,155927],{"id":155926},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155929,155930,155931,155933],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3922,155932,4813],{}," always a tuple.",[38,155935,155937],{"className":40,"code":155936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155938,155939,155951,155963,155967,155981,155995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155940,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155942,2732],{"class":53},[47,155944,58],{"class":57},[47,155946,1067],{"class":86},[47,155948,2313],{"class":445},[47,155950,286],{"class":86},[47,155952,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155954,2760],{"class":53},[47,155956,58],{"class":57},[47,155958,1067],{"class":86},[47,155960,2313],{"class":445},[47,155962,149319],{"class":86},[47,155964,155965],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,155966,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,155968,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,155970,83],{"class":82},[47,155972,87],{"class":86},[47,155974,1872],{"class":1570},[47,155976,87],{"class":86},[47,155978,455],{"class":90},[47,155980,1879],{"class":86},[47,155982,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,155984,83],{"class":82},[47,155986,87],{"class":86},[47,155988,1872],{"class":1570},[47,155990,87],{"class":86},[47,155992,2014],{"class":90},[47,155994,1879],{"class":86},[47,155996,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,155998,83],{"class":82},[47,156000,87],{"class":86},[47,156002,11337],{"class":82},[47,156004,87],{"class":86},[47,156006,2014],{"class":90},[47,156008,1879],{"class":86},[20,156010,156011],{},[3922,156012,814],{},[38,156014,156016],{"className":40,"code":156015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156017,156018,156032,156046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156021,3468],{"class":57},[47,156023,3471],{"class":2242},[47,156025,3474],{"class":61},[47,156027,2365],{"class":65},[47,156029,3479],{"class":61},[47,156031,3482],{"class":57},[47,156033,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156035,3468],{"class":57},[47,156037,3471],{"class":2242},[47,156039,3474],{"class":61},[47,156041,49126],{"class":65},[47,156043,3479],{"class":61},[47,156045,3482],{"class":57},[47,156047,156048],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156049,47090],{"class":445},[20,156051,156052,156053,837,156056,94],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[455,156054,156055],{"href":147966},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[455,156057,149267],{"href":149266},[469,156059,156061],{"id":156060},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,156063,156065],{"className":40,"code":156064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156066,156067,156111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156068,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156070,59643],{"class":53},[47,156072,58],{"class":57},[47,156074,1067],{"class":86},[47,156076,102],{"class":61},[47,156078,4260],{"class":65},[47,156080,102],{"class":61},[47,156082,309],{"class":86},[47,156084,3803],{"class":86},[47,156086,1598],{"class":445},[47,156088,309],{"class":86},[47,156090,1769],{"class":445},[47,156092,18240],{"class":86},[47,156094,1067],{"class":86},[47,156096,102],{"class":61},[47,156098,2350],{"class":65},[47,156100,102],{"class":61},[47,156102,309],{"class":86},[47,156104,62],{"class":61},[47,156106,11922],{"class":65},[47,156108,102],{"class":61},[47,156110,1879],{"class":86},[47,156112,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156114,83],{"class":82},[47,156116,87],{"class":86},[47,156118,11337],{"class":82},[47,156120,87],{"class":86},[47,156122,59696],{"class":90},[47,156124,1879],{"class":86},[20,156126,156127],{},[3922,156128,814],{},[38,156130,156131],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156132,156133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156134,156135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156136,46790],{"class":445},[20,156138,156139,156141],{},[15,156140,42536],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[149,156143,156145],{"id":156144},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[469,156147,156149,156151],{"id":156148},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156150,42536],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,156153,156155],{"className":40,"code":156154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156156,156157,156181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156158,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156160,4251],{"class":53},[47,156162,58],{"class":57},[47,156164,1067],{"class":86},[47,156166,102],{"class":61},[47,156168,63764],{"class":65},[47,156170,102],{"class":61},[47,156172,309],{"class":86},[47,156174,62],{"class":61},[47,156176,42],{"class":65},[47,156178,102],{"class":61},[47,156180,286],{"class":86},[47,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156184,83],{"class":82},[47,156186,87],{"class":86},[47,156188,11337],{"class":82},[47,156190,87],{"class":86},[47,156192,4294],{"class":90},[47,156194,1879],{"class":86},[20,156196,156197],{},[3922,156198,814],{},[38,156200,156201],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156202,156203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156204,156205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156206,17235],{"class":445},[20,156208,156209,156210,156212],{},"This result is ",[15,156211,2233],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156214,156215],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,156217,156219],{"className":40,"code":156218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156220,156221,156245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156222,156223,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156224,4251],{"class":53},[47,156226,58],{"class":57},[47,156228,1067],{"class":86},[47,156230,102],{"class":61},[47,156232,63764],{"class":65},[47,156234,102],{"class":61},[47,156236,309],{"class":86},[47,156238,62],{"class":61},[47,156240,42],{"class":65},[47,156242,102],{"class":61},[47,156244,286],{"class":86},[47,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156248,83],{"class":82},[47,156250,87],{"class":86},[47,156252,11337],{"class":82},[47,156254,87],{"class":86},[47,156256,4294],{"class":90},[47,156258,4080],{"class":86},[47,156260,1721],{"class":445},[47,156262,3176],{"class":86},[20,156264,156265],{},[3922,156266,814],{},[38,156268,156269],{"className":40,"code":17235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156270,156271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156272,156273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156274,17235],{"class":445},[20,156276,340,156277,156280,156281,94],{},[15,156278,156279],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156282,156283],{},"\"hi\"",[469,156285,156287,156289],{"id":156286},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156288,42536],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,156291,156293],{"className":40,"code":156292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156294,156295,156331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156296,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156298,4003],{"class":53},[47,156300,58],{"class":57},[47,156302,10169],{"class":86},[47,156304,1598],{"class":445},[47,156306,309],{"class":86},[47,156308,1769],{"class":445},[47,156310,9408],{"class":86},[47,156312,1067],{"class":86},[47,156314,2239],{"class":445},[47,156316,309],{"class":86},[47,156318,912],{"class":445},[47,156320,9408],{"class":86},[47,156322,1067],{"class":86},[47,156324,2313],{"class":445},[47,156326,309],{"class":86},[47,156328,446],{"class":445},[47,156330,1879],{"class":86},[47,156332,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156334,83],{"class":82},[47,156336,87],{"class":86},[47,156338,11337],{"class":82},[47,156340,87],{"class":86},[47,156342,5538],{"class":90},[47,156344,1879],{"class":86},[20,156346,156347],{},[3922,156348,814],{},[38,156350,156351],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156352,156353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156354,156355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156356,46790],{"class":445},[20,156358,156359],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[469,156361,156363],{"id":156362},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156365,25868],{},[38,156367,156369],{"className":40,"code":156368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156370,156371,156383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156372,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156374,1535],{"class":53},[47,156376,58],{"class":57},[47,156378,1067],{"class":86},[47,156380,2509],{"class":445},[47,156382,286],{"class":86},[47,156384,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156386,83],{"class":82},[47,156388,87],{"class":86},[47,156390,1872],{"class":1570},[47,156392,87],{"class":86},[47,156394,1587],{"class":90},[47,156396,1879],{"class":86},[20,156398,156399],{},[3922,156400,814],{},[38,156402,156404],{"className":40,"code":156403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156405,156406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156407,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156409,3468],{"class":57},[47,156411,3471],{"class":2242},[47,156413,3474],{"class":61},[47,156415,2365],{"class":65},[47,156417,3479],{"class":61},[47,156419,3482],{"class":57},[20,156421,156422],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,156424,156426],{"className":40,"code":156425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156427,156428,156440,156454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156429,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156431,1535],{"class":53},[47,156433,58],{"class":57},[47,156435,1067],{"class":86},[47,156437,2509],{"class":445},[47,156439,149319],{"class":86},[47,156441,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156443,83],{"class":82},[47,156445,87],{"class":86},[47,156447,1872],{"class":1570},[47,156449,87],{"class":86},[47,156451,1587],{"class":90},[47,156453,1879],{"class":86},[47,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156457,83],{"class":82},[47,156459,87],{"class":86},[47,156461,11337],{"class":82},[47,156463,87],{"class":86},[47,156465,1587],{"class":90},[47,156467,1879],{"class":86},[20,156469,156470],{},[3922,156471,814],{},[38,156473,156475],{"className":40,"code":156474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156476,156477,156491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156478,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487,156489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156480,3468],{"class":57},[47,156482,3471],{"class":2242},[47,156484,3474],{"class":61},[47,156486,49126],{"class":65},[47,156488,3479],{"class":61},[47,156490,3482],{"class":57},[47,156492,156493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156494,47090],{"class":445},[469,156496,156498,156500],{"id":156497},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156499,11337],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156502,44601,156503,156505],{},[15,156504,11337],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156507,44632],{},[38,156509,156511],{"className":40,"code":156510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156512,156513,156521,156541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156514,156515,156517,156519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156516,11337],{"class":82},[47,156518,13455],{"class":57},[47,156520,2765],{"class":445},[47,156522,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156524,3798],{"class":53},[47,156526,58],{"class":57},[47,156528,1067],{"class":86},[47,156530,1598],{"class":445},[47,156532,309],{"class":86},[47,156534,1769],{"class":445},[47,156536,309],{"class":86},[47,156538,2630],{"class":445},[47,156540,286],{"class":86},[47,156542,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156544,83],{"class":82},[47,156546,87],{"class":86},[47,156548,11337],{"class":82},[47,156550,87],{"class":86},[47,156552,3830],{"class":90},[47,156554,1879],{"class":86},[20,156556,39828,156557,156559],{},[15,156558,11337],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156561,156562],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,156564,156566],{"className":40,"code":156565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156567,156568,156577,156597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156569,156570,156573,156575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156571,156572],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,156574,58],{"class":57},[47,156576,2765],{"class":445},[47,156578,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156580,3798],{"class":53},[47,156582,58],{"class":57},[47,156584,1067],{"class":86},[47,156586,1598],{"class":445},[47,156588,309],{"class":86},[47,156590,1769],{"class":445},[47,156592,309],{"class":86},[47,156594,2630],{"class":445},[47,156596,286],{"class":86},[47,156598,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156600,83],{"class":82},[47,156602,87],{"class":86},[47,156604,11337],{"class":82},[47,156606,87],{"class":86},[47,156608,3830],{"class":90},[47,156610,1879],{"class":86},[20,156612,156613],{},[3922,156614,814],{},[38,156616,156617],{"className":40,"code":46790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156618,156619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156620,156621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156622,46790],{"class":445},[149,156624,156626],{"id":156625},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156628,156629,156631],{},[15,156630,42536],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[469,156633,156635],{"id":156634},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,156637,156639],{"className":40,"code":156638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156640,156641,156649,156653,156671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156642,156643,156645,156647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156644,7955],{"class":53},[47,156646,58],{"class":57},[47,156648,149305],{"class":86},[47,156650,156651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156652,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156656,723],{"class":752},[47,156658,38561],{"class":82},[47,156660,87],{"class":86},[47,156662,7986],{"class":90},[47,156664,1696],{"class":86},[47,156666,6587],{"class":57},[47,156668,4014],{"class":445},[47,156670,795],{"class":86},[47,156672,156673,156675,156677,156679,156682,156684],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,156674,776],{"class":82},[47,156676,87],{"class":86},[47,156678,102],{"class":61},[47,156680,156681],{"class":65},"The tuple is empty",[47,156683,102],{"class":61},[47,156685,286],{"class":86},[20,156687,156688],{},[3922,156689,814],{},[38,156691,156693],{"className":40,"code":156692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156694,156695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156696,156697,156699,156701,156703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156698,842],{"class":53},[47,156700,49126],{"class":1570},[47,156702,8272],{"class":57},[47,156704,8278],{"class":53},[469,156706,156708],{"id":156707},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,156710,156712],{"className":40,"code":156711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156713,156714,156730,156734,156752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156715,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156717,51555],{"class":53},[47,156719,58],{"class":57},[47,156721,1067],{"class":86},[47,156723,2682],{"class":445},[47,156725,309],{"class":86},[47,156727,6173],{"class":445},[47,156729,286],{"class":86},[47,156731,156732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156733,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156737,723],{"class":752},[47,156739,38561],{"class":82},[47,156741,87],{"class":86},[47,156743,51580],{"class":90},[47,156745,1696],{"class":86},[47,156747,6587],{"class":57},[47,156749,1769],{"class":445},[47,156751,795],{"class":86},[47,156753,156754,156756,156758,156760,156763,156765],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,156755,776],{"class":82},[47,156757,87],{"class":86},[47,156759,102],{"class":61},[47,156761,156762],{"class":65},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156764,102],{"class":61},[47,156766,286],{"class":86},[20,156768,156769],{},[3922,156770,814],{},[38,156772,156774],{"className":40,"code":156773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156775,156776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156777,156778,156781,156783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156779,156780],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156782,309],{"class":86},[47,156784,156785],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[469,156787,156789],{"id":156788},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,156791,156793],{"className":40,"code":156792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156794,156795,156824,156828,156846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156796,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156820,156822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156798,11664],{"class":53},[47,156800,58],{"class":57},[47,156802,1067],{"class":86},[47,156804,102],{"class":61},[47,156806,13058],{"class":65},[47,156808,102],{"class":61},[47,156810,309],{"class":86},[47,156812,9480],{"class":445},[47,156814,309],{"class":86},[47,156816,62],{"class":61},[47,156818,156819],{"class":65},"Canada",[47,156821,102],{"class":61},[47,156823,286],{"class":86},[47,156825,156826],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156827,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,156829,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156831,723],{"class":752},[47,156833,38561],{"class":82},[47,156835,87],{"class":86},[47,156837,11758],{"class":90},[47,156839,1696],{"class":86},[47,156841,6587],{"class":57},[47,156843,2630],{"class":445},[47,156845,795],{"class":86},[47,156847,156848,156850,156852,156854,156857,156859],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,156849,776],{"class":82},[47,156851,87],{"class":86},[47,156853,102],{"class":61},[47,156855,156856],{"class":65},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156858,102],{"class":61},[47,156860,286],{"class":86},[20,156862,156863],{},[3922,156864,814],{},[38,156866,156868],{"className":40,"code":156867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156869,156870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156871,156872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156873,156867],{"class":53},[469,156875,156877],{"id":156876},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,156879,156881],{"className":40,"code":156880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156882,156883,156915,156919,156939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156886,36265],{"class":53},[47,156888,58],{"class":57},[47,156890,1067],{"class":86},[47,156892,102],{"class":61},[47,156894,455],{"class":65},[47,156896,102],{"class":61},[47,156898,309],{"class":86},[47,156900,62],{"class":61},[47,156902,2014],{"class":65},[47,156904,102],{"class":61},[47,156906,309],{"class":86},[47,156908,62],{"class":61},[47,156910,9913],{"class":65},[47,156912,102],{"class":61},[47,156914,286],{"class":86},[47,156916,156917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156918,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,156920,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156922,6137],{"class":752},[47,156924,69716],{"class":53},[47,156926,1613],{"class":752},[47,156928,54240],{"class":82},[47,156930,87],{"class":86},[47,156932,11337],{"class":82},[47,156934,87],{"class":86},[47,156936,36318],{"class":90},[47,156938,1406],{"class":86},[47,156940,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,156942,776],{"class":82},[47,156944,87],{"class":86},[47,156946,36329],{"class":90},[47,156948,309],{"class":86},[47,156950,70263],{"class":90},[47,156952,4080],{"class":86},[47,156954,36329],{"class":90},[47,156956,4068],{"class":86},[20,156958,156959],{},[3922,156960,814],{},[38,156962,156963],{"className":40,"code":36341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156964,156965,156971,156977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156966,156967,156969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156968,1721],{"class":445},[47,156970,36350],{"class":53},[47,156972,156973,156975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156974,1598],{"class":445},[47,156976,36357],{"class":53},[47,156978,156979,156981],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,156980,2233],{"class":445},[47,156982,36364],{"class":53},[20,156984,156985,156986,156988,156989,94],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[455,156987,149636],{"href":149635},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[455,156990,150880],{"href":150879},[149,156992,1425],{"id":1424},[20,156994,156995],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[162,156997,156998,157006,157013,157018],{},[165,156999,157000,157001,11267,157004],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157002,157003],{},"(5)",[15,157005,149470],{},[165,157007,831,157008,157010,157011],{},[15,157009,11337],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157012,42536],{},[165,157014,8628,157015,157017],{},[15,157016,42536],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[165,157019,157020],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157022,1848],{},[38,157024,157026],{"className":40,"code":157025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157027,157028,157038,157052,157066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157031,83],{"class":82},[47,157033,87],{"class":86},[47,157035,147981],{"class":90},[47,157037,286],{"class":86},[47,157039,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157041,83],{"class":82},[47,157043,87],{"class":86},[47,157045,1872],{"class":1570},[47,157047,87],{"class":86},[47,157049,147981],{"class":90},[47,157051,1879],{"class":86},[47,157053,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157055,83],{"class":82},[47,157057,87],{"class":86},[47,157059,11337],{"class":82},[47,157061,87],{"class":86},[47,157063,147981],{"class":90},[47,157065,1879],{"class":86},[47,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,157069,32327],{"class":82},[47,157071,87],{"class":86},[47,157073,11337],{"class":82},[47,157075,286],{"class":86},[20,157077,155190],{},[162,157079,157080,157083,157086,157090],{},[165,157081,157082],{},"what value you are using",[165,157084,157085],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[165,157087,26197,157088,11882],{},[15,157089,42536],{},[165,157091,123542,157092,157094],{},[15,157093,42536],{}," is documented in Python",[149,157096,1962],{"id":1961},[469,157098,157100],{"id":157099},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157102,144,157103,157106],{},[15,157104,157105],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[469,157108,1966,157110,149140],{"id":157109},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157111,42536],{},[20,157113,46538,157114,157116],{},[15,157115,42536],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[469,157118,157120],{"id":157119},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157122,157123,157124,94],{},"The length is ",[15,157125,1721],{},[469,157127,157129],{"id":157128},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157131,150826,157132,157134],{},[15,157133,150829],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[469,157136,1966,157138,157140],{"id":157137},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157139,42536],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157142,157143],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[149,157145,2062],{"id":2061},[162,157147,157148,157154,157158,157162,157166],{},[165,157149,157150],{},[455,157151,3755,157152,3688],{"href":42533},[15,157153,42536],{},[165,157155,157156],{},[455,157157,156055],{"href":147966},[165,157159,157160],{},[455,157161,149636],{"href":149635},[165,157163,157164],{},[455,157165,150880],{"href":150879},[165,157167,157168],{},[455,157169,157170],{"href":149266},"What is a tuple in Python",[2093,157172,157173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":157175},[157176,157177,157178,157185,157191,157200,157206,157207,157216],{"id":15341,"depth":72,"text":15342},{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":155543,"depth":72,"text":157179,"children":157180},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157181,157182,157183,157184],{"id":155555,"depth":79,"text":155556},{"id":155622,"depth":79,"text":155623},{"id":155667,"depth":79,"text":155668},{"id":155716,"depth":79,"text":155717},{"id":155805,"depth":72,"text":155806,"children":157186},[157187,157188,157189,157190],{"id":155809,"depth":79,"text":155810},{"id":155884,"depth":79,"text":155623},{"id":155926,"depth":79,"text":155927},{"id":156060,"depth":79,"text":156061},{"id":156144,"depth":72,"text":156145,"children":157192},[157193,157195,157197,157198],{"id":156148,"depth":79,"text":157194},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156286,"depth":79,"text":157196},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156362,"depth":79,"text":156363},{"id":156497,"depth":79,"text":157199},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156625,"depth":72,"text":156626,"children":157201},[157202,157203,157204,157205],{"id":156634,"depth":79,"text":156635},{"id":156707,"depth":79,"text":156708},{"id":156788,"depth":79,"text":156789},{"id":156876,"depth":79,"text":156877},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":157208},[157209,157210,157212,157213,157214],{"id":157099,"depth":79,"text":157100},{"id":157109,"depth":79,"text":157211},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157119,"depth":79,"text":157120},{"id":157128,"depth":79,"text":157129},{"id":157137,"depth":79,"text":157215},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155327,"description":157217},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157224,"title":157225,"body":157226,"description":159611,"extension":2138,"meta":159612,"navigation":75,"path":159613,"seo":159614,"stem":159615,"__hash__":159616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157227,"toc":159572},[157228,157231,157234,157237,157260,157266,157268,157379,157383,157386,157396,157398,157497,157499,157576,157582,157586,157589,157612,157615,157632,157635,157637,157700,157702,157719,157730,157735,157737,157740,157746,157797,157799,157819,157823,157874,157876,157897,157901,157956,157958,157979,157983,158038,158040,158061,158065,158118,158120,158149,158151,158153,158156,158160,158217,158219,158240,158244,158297,158299,158324,158329,158333,158338,158356,158359,158422,158424,158445,158448,158509,158511,158532,158535,158578,158581,158585,158590,158594,158673,158675,158706,158710,158785,158787,158814,158818,158865,158867,158875,158880,158884,158887,158902,158904,158992,158994,159019,159022,159065,159074,159076,159079,159094,159097,159101,159155,159157,159177,159182,159186,159188,159226,159229,159279,159283,159356,159358,159395,159398,159400,159403,159423,159426,159495,159497,159510,159512,159516,159519,159523,159526,159531,159534,159540,159545,159547,159569],[10,157229,157225],{"id":157230},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157232,157233],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157235,157236],{},"Use this format:",[38,157238,157240],{"className":40,"code":157239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157241,157242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157243,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157245,49126],{"class":53},[47,157247,4080],{"class":86},[47,157249,522],{"class":53},[47,157251,3062],{"class":86},[47,157253,75592],{"class":53},[47,157255,3062],{"class":86},[47,157257,75595],{"class":53},[47,157259,3816],{"class":86},[20,157261,842,157262,75628,157264,94],{},[15,157263,75592],{},[3922,157265,65237],{},[149,157267,2179],{"id":2178},[38,157269,157271],{"className":40,"code":157270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157272,157273,157301,157305,157326,157343,157360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157274,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157276,3798],{"class":53},[47,157278,58],{"class":57},[47,157280,1067],{"class":86},[47,157282,2509],{"class":445},[47,157284,309],{"class":86},[47,157286,7966],{"class":445},[47,157288,309],{"class":86},[47,157290,7971],{"class":445},[47,157292,309],{"class":86},[47,157294,51015],{"class":445},[47,157296,309],{"class":86},[47,157298,5261],{"class":445},[47,157300,286],{"class":86},[47,157302,157303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157304,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157308,83],{"class":82},[47,157310,87],{"class":86},[47,157312,3830],{"class":90},[47,157314,4080],{"class":86},[47,157316,1598],{"class":445},[47,157318,3062],{"class":86},[47,157320,2682],{"class":445},[47,157322,20625],{"class":86},[47,157324,157325],{"class":113},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157327,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,157329,83],{"class":82},[47,157331,87],{"class":86},[47,157333,3830],{"class":90},[47,157335,75701],{"class":86},[47,157337,2239],{"class":445},[47,157339,20625],{"class":86},[47,157341,157342],{"class":113},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157344,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,157346,83],{"class":82},[47,157348,87],{"class":86},[47,157350,3830],{"class":90},[47,157352,74289],{"class":86},[47,157354,2233],{"class":445},[47,157356,20625],{"class":86},[47,157358,157359],{"class":113},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157361,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,157363,83],{"class":82},[47,157365,87],{"class":86},[47,157367,3830],{"class":90},[47,157369,74289],{"class":86},[47,157371,2198],{"class":57},[47,157373,1598],{"class":445},[47,157375,20625],{"class":86},[47,157377,157378],{"class":113},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[149,157380,157382],{"id":157381},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157384,157385],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[162,157387,157388,157390,157393],{},[165,157389,75895],{},[165,157391,157392],{},"The result is a new tuple",[165,157394,157395],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157397,183],{},[38,157399,157401],{"className":40,"code":157400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157402,157403,157451,157455,157473,157477,157487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157404,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157406,36265],{"class":53},[47,157408,58],{"class":57},[47,157410,1067],{"class":86},[47,157412,102],{"class":61},[47,157414,455],{"class":65},[47,157416,102],{"class":61},[47,157418,309],{"class":86},[47,157420,62],{"class":61},[47,157422,2014],{"class":65},[47,157424,102],{"class":61},[47,157426,309],{"class":86},[47,157428,62],{"class":61},[47,157430,9913],{"class":65},[47,157432,102],{"class":61},[47,157434,309],{"class":86},[47,157436,62],{"class":61},[47,157438,18946],{"class":65},[47,157440,102],{"class":61},[47,157442,309],{"class":86},[47,157444,62],{"class":61},[47,157446,60617],{"class":65},[47,157448,102],{"class":61},[47,157450,286],{"class":86},[47,157452,157453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157454,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157456,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157458,75825],{"class":53},[47,157460,58],{"class":57},[47,157462,70263],{"class":53},[47,157464,4080],{"class":86},[47,157466,1598],{"class":445},[47,157468,3062],{"class":86},[47,157470,2682],{"class":445},[47,157472,3816],{"class":86},[47,157474,157475],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,157476,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157478,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,157480,83],{"class":82},[47,157482,87],{"class":86},[47,157484,75848],{"class":90},[47,157486,286],{"class":86},[47,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,157490,83],{"class":82},[47,157492,87],{"class":86},[47,157494,36318],{"class":90},[47,157496,286],{"class":86},[20,157498,814],{},[38,157500,157502],{"className":40,"code":157501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157503,157504,157532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157505,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157507,87],{"class":86},[47,157509,3479],{"class":61},[47,157511,2014],{"class":65},[47,157513,3479],{"class":61},[47,157515,309],{"class":86},[47,157517,3474],{"class":61},[47,157519,9913],{"class":65},[47,157521,3479],{"class":61},[47,157523,309],{"class":86},[47,157525,3474],{"class":61},[47,157527,18946],{"class":65},[47,157529,3479],{"class":61},[47,157531,286],{"class":86},[47,157533,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157535,87],{"class":86},[47,157537,3479],{"class":61},[47,157539,455],{"class":65},[47,157541,3479],{"class":61},[47,157543,309],{"class":86},[47,157545,3474],{"class":61},[47,157547,2014],{"class":65},[47,157549,3479],{"class":61},[47,157551,309],{"class":86},[47,157553,3474],{"class":61},[47,157555,9913],{"class":65},[47,157557,3479],{"class":61},[47,157559,309],{"class":86},[47,157561,3474],{"class":61},[47,157563,18946],{"class":65},[47,157565,3479],{"class":61},[47,157567,309],{"class":86},[47,157569,3474],{"class":61},[47,157571,60617],{"class":65},[47,157573,3479],{"class":61},[47,157575,286],{"class":86},[20,157577,157578,157579,94],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[455,157580,147963],{"href":157581},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[149,157583,157585],{"id":157584},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157587,157588],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,157590,157592],{"className":40,"code":157591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157593,157594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157597,147981],{"class":53},[47,157599,4080],{"class":86},[47,157601,522],{"class":53},[47,157603,3062],{"class":86},[47,157605,75592],{"class":53},[47,157607,3062],{"class":86},[47,157609,75595],{"class":53},[47,157611,3816],{"class":86},[20,157613,157614],{},"Each part has a job:",[162,157616,157617,157622,157627],{},[165,157618,157619,157621],{},[15,157620,522],{},": where slicing begins",[165,157623,157624,157626],{},[15,157625,75592],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[165,157628,157629,157631],{},[15,157630,75595],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157633,157634],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157636,183],{},[38,157638,157640],{"className":40,"code":157639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157641,157642,157674,157678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157643,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157645,3798],{"class":53},[47,157647,58],{"class":57},[47,157649,1067],{"class":86},[47,157651,2509],{"class":445},[47,157653,309],{"class":86},[47,157655,7966],{"class":445},[47,157657,309],{"class":86},[47,157659,7971],{"class":445},[47,157661,309],{"class":86},[47,157663,51015],{"class":445},[47,157665,309],{"class":86},[47,157667,5261],{"class":445},[47,157669,309],{"class":86},[47,157671,76266],{"class":445},[47,157673,286],{"class":86},[47,157675,157676],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157677,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157679,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157681,83],{"class":82},[47,157683,87],{"class":86},[47,157685,3830],{"class":90},[47,157687,4080],{"class":86},[47,157689,1598],{"class":445},[47,157691,3062],{"class":86},[47,157693,2313],{"class":445},[47,157695,3062],{"class":86},[47,157697,2233],{"class":445},[47,157699,4068],{"class":86},[20,157701,814],{},[38,157703,157705],{"className":40,"code":157704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157706,157707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157708,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157710,87],{"class":86},[47,157712,15934],{"class":445},[47,157714,309],{"class":86},[47,157716,51015],{"class":445},[47,157718,286],{"class":86},[20,157720,157721,157722,157724,157725,157727,157728,94],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157723,1598],{},", stops before index ",[15,157726,2313],{},", and moves by ",[15,157729,2233],{},[20,157731,157732,157733,94],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[455,157734,149636],{"href":153062},[149,157736,76182],{"id":76181},[20,157738,157739],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[469,157741,157743,157744,6145],{"id":157742},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157745,76196],{},[38,157747,157749],{"className":40,"code":157748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157750,157751,157779,157783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157752,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157754,3798],{"class":53},[47,157756,58],{"class":57},[47,157758,1067],{"class":86},[47,157760,2509],{"class":445},[47,157762,309],{"class":86},[47,157764,7966],{"class":445},[47,157766,309],{"class":86},[47,157768,7971],{"class":445},[47,157770,309],{"class":86},[47,157772,51015],{"class":445},[47,157774,309],{"class":86},[47,157776,5261],{"class":445},[47,157778,286],{"class":86},[47,157780,157781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157782,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157784,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157786,83],{"class":82},[47,157788,87],{"class":86},[47,157790,3830],{"class":90},[47,157792,75701],{"class":86},[47,157794,2239],{"class":445},[47,157796,4068],{"class":86},[20,157798,814],{},[38,157800,157801],{"className":40,"code":151328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157802,157803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157804,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157806,87],{"class":86},[47,157808,2509],{"class":445},[47,157810,309],{"class":86},[47,157812,7966],{"class":445},[47,157814,309],{"class":86},[47,157816,7971],{"class":445},[47,157818,286],{"class":86},[469,157820,157822],{"id":157821},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,157824,157826],{"className":40,"code":157825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157827,157828,157856,157860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157829,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157831,3798],{"class":53},[47,157833,58],{"class":57},[47,157835,1067],{"class":86},[47,157837,2509],{"class":445},[47,157839,309],{"class":86},[47,157841,7966],{"class":445},[47,157843,309],{"class":86},[47,157845,7971],{"class":445},[47,157847,309],{"class":86},[47,157849,51015],{"class":445},[47,157851,309],{"class":86},[47,157853,5261],{"class":445},[47,157855,286],{"class":86},[47,157857,157858],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157859,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157861,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157863,83],{"class":82},[47,157865,87],{"class":86},[47,157867,3830],{"class":90},[47,157869,4080],{"class":86},[47,157871,2233],{"class":445},[47,157873,77882],{"class":86},[20,157875,814],{},[38,157877,157879],{"className":40,"code":157878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157880,157881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157882,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157884,87],{"class":86},[47,157886,37017],{"class":445},[47,157888,309],{"class":86},[47,157890,51015],{"class":445},[47,157892,309],{"class":86},[47,157894,5261],{"class":445},[47,157896,286],{"class":86},[469,157898,157900],{"id":157899},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,157902,157904],{"className":40,"code":157903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157905,157906,157934,157938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157909,3798],{"class":53},[47,157911,58],{"class":57},[47,157913,1067],{"class":86},[47,157915,2509],{"class":445},[47,157917,309],{"class":86},[47,157919,7966],{"class":445},[47,157921,309],{"class":86},[47,157923,7971],{"class":445},[47,157925,309],{"class":86},[47,157927,51015],{"class":445},[47,157929,309],{"class":86},[47,157931,5261],{"class":445},[47,157933,286],{"class":86},[47,157935,157936],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157937,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,157939,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,157941,83],{"class":82},[47,157943,87],{"class":86},[47,157945,3830],{"class":90},[47,157947,4080],{"class":86},[47,157949,1598],{"class":445},[47,157951,3062],{"class":86},[47,157953,2682],{"class":445},[47,157955,4068],{"class":86},[20,157957,814],{},[38,157959,157961],{"className":40,"code":157960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157962,157963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157964,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157966,87],{"class":86},[47,157968,15934],{"class":445},[47,157970,309],{"class":86},[47,157972,7971],{"class":445},[47,157974,309],{"class":86},[47,157976,51015],{"class":445},[47,157978,286],{"class":86},[469,157980,157982],{"id":157981},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,157984,157986],{"className":40,"code":157985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157987,157988,158020,158024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157989,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157991,3798],{"class":53},[47,157993,58],{"class":57},[47,157995,1067],{"class":86},[47,157997,2509],{"class":445},[47,157999,309],{"class":86},[47,158001,7966],{"class":445},[47,158003,309],{"class":86},[47,158005,7971],{"class":445},[47,158007,309],{"class":86},[47,158009,51015],{"class":445},[47,158011,309],{"class":86},[47,158013,5261],{"class":445},[47,158015,309],{"class":86},[47,158017,76266],{"class":445},[47,158019,286],{"class":86},[47,158021,158022],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158023,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158025,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158027,83],{"class":82},[47,158029,87],{"class":86},[47,158031,3830],{"class":90},[47,158033,74289],{"class":86},[47,158035,2233],{"class":445},[47,158037,4068],{"class":86},[20,158039,814],{},[38,158041,158043],{"className":40,"code":158042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158044,158045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158048,87],{"class":86},[47,158050,2509],{"class":445},[47,158052,309],{"class":86},[47,158054,7971],{"class":445},[47,158056,309],{"class":86},[47,158058,5261],{"class":445},[47,158060,286],{"class":86},[469,158062,158064],{"id":158063},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,158066,158068],{"className":40,"code":158067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158069,158070,158098,158102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158071,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158073,3798],{"class":53},[47,158075,58],{"class":57},[47,158077,1067],{"class":86},[47,158079,2509],{"class":445},[47,158081,309],{"class":86},[47,158083,7966],{"class":445},[47,158085,309],{"class":86},[47,158087,7971],{"class":445},[47,158089,309],{"class":86},[47,158091,51015],{"class":445},[47,158093,309],{"class":86},[47,158095,5261],{"class":445},[47,158097,286],{"class":86},[47,158099,158100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158101,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158103,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158105,83],{"class":82},[47,158107,87],{"class":86},[47,158109,3830],{"class":90},[47,158111,74289],{"class":86},[47,158113,2198],{"class":57},[47,158115,1598],{"class":445},[47,158117,4068],{"class":86},[20,158119,814],{},[38,158121,158123],{"className":40,"code":158122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158124,158125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158126,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158128,87],{"class":86},[47,158130,76960],{"class":445},[47,158132,309],{"class":86},[47,158134,51015],{"class":445},[47,158136,309],{"class":86},[47,158138,7971],{"class":445},[47,158140,309],{"class":86},[47,158142,7966],{"class":445},[47,158144,309],{"class":86},[47,158146,6184],{"class":445},[47,158148,286],{"class":86},[149,158150,76476],{"id":76475},[20,158152,154335],{},[20,158154,158155],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[469,158157,158159],{"id":158158},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,158161,158163],{"className":40,"code":158162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158164,158165,158197,158201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158168,3798],{"class":53},[47,158170,58],{"class":57},[47,158172,1067],{"class":86},[47,158174,2509],{"class":445},[47,158176,309],{"class":86},[47,158178,7966],{"class":445},[47,158180,309],{"class":86},[47,158182,7971],{"class":445},[47,158184,309],{"class":86},[47,158186,51015],{"class":445},[47,158188,309],{"class":86},[47,158190,5261],{"class":445},[47,158192,309],{"class":86},[47,158194,76266],{"class":445},[47,158196,286],{"class":86},[47,158198,158199],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158200,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158204,83],{"class":82},[47,158206,87],{"class":86},[47,158208,3830],{"class":90},[47,158210,4080],{"class":86},[47,158212,2198],{"class":57},[47,158214,2239],{"class":445},[47,158216,77882],{"class":86},[20,158218,814],{},[38,158220,158222],{"className":40,"code":158221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158223,158224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158225,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158227,87],{"class":86},[47,158229,56862],{"class":445},[47,158231,309],{"class":86},[47,158233,5261],{"class":445},[47,158235,309],{"class":86},[47,158237,76266],{"class":445},[47,158239,286],{"class":86},[469,158241,158243],{"id":158242},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,158245,158247],{"className":40,"code":158246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158248,158249,158277,158281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158250,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158252,3798],{"class":53},[47,158254,58],{"class":57},[47,158256,1067],{"class":86},[47,158258,2509],{"class":445},[47,158260,309],{"class":86},[47,158262,7966],{"class":445},[47,158264,309],{"class":86},[47,158266,7971],{"class":445},[47,158268,309],{"class":86},[47,158270,51015],{"class":445},[47,158272,309],{"class":86},[47,158274,5261],{"class":445},[47,158276,286],{"class":86},[47,158278,158279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158280,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158284,83],{"class":82},[47,158286,87],{"class":86},[47,158288,3830],{"class":90},[47,158290,75701],{"class":86},[47,158292,2198],{"class":57},[47,158294,1598],{"class":445},[47,158296,4068],{"class":86},[20,158298,814],{},[38,158300,158302],{"className":40,"code":158301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158303,158304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158307,87],{"class":86},[47,158309,2509],{"class":445},[47,158311,309],{"class":86},[47,158313,7966],{"class":445},[47,158315,309],{"class":86},[47,158317,7971],{"class":445},[47,158319,309],{"class":86},[47,158321,51015],{"class":445},[47,158323,286],{"class":86},[20,158325,158326,158327,94],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[455,158328,150885],{"href":157219},[149,158330,158332],{"id":158331},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158334,842,158335,158337],{},[15,158336,75595],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[162,158339,158340,158342,158344,158350],{},[165,158341,76732],{},[165,158343,76735],{},[165,158345,158346,158349],{},[15,158347,158348],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[165,158351,158352,158353,158355],{},"A step of ",[15,158354,1721],{}," is not allowed",[20,158357,158358],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,158360,158362],{"className":40,"code":158361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158363,158364,158396,158400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158365,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158367,3798],{"class":53},[47,158369,58],{"class":57},[47,158371,1067],{"class":86},[47,158373,2509],{"class":445},[47,158375,309],{"class":86},[47,158377,7966],{"class":445},[47,158379,309],{"class":86},[47,158381,7971],{"class":445},[47,158383,309],{"class":86},[47,158385,51015],{"class":445},[47,158387,309],{"class":86},[47,158389,5261],{"class":445},[47,158391,309],{"class":86},[47,158393,76266],{"class":445},[47,158395,286],{"class":86},[47,158397,158398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158399,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158401,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158403,83],{"class":82},[47,158405,87],{"class":86},[47,158407,3830],{"class":90},[47,158409,4080],{"class":86},[47,158411,1598],{"class":445},[47,158413,3062],{"class":86},[47,158415,80759],{"class":445},[47,158417,3062],{"class":86},[47,158419,2233],{"class":445},[47,158421,4068],{"class":86},[20,158423,814],{},[38,158425,158427],{"className":40,"code":158426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158428,158429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158430,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158432,87],{"class":86},[47,158434,15934],{"class":445},[47,158436,309],{"class":86},[47,158438,51015],{"class":445},[47,158440,309],{"class":86},[47,158442,76266],{"class":445},[47,158444,286],{"class":86},[20,158446,158447],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,158449,158451],{"className":40,"code":158450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158452,158453,158481,158485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158454,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158456,3798],{"class":53},[47,158458,58],{"class":57},[47,158460,1067],{"class":86},[47,158462,2509],{"class":445},[47,158464,309],{"class":86},[47,158466,7966],{"class":445},[47,158468,309],{"class":86},[47,158470,7971],{"class":445},[47,158472,309],{"class":86},[47,158474,51015],{"class":445},[47,158476,309],{"class":86},[47,158478,5261],{"class":445},[47,158480,286],{"class":86},[47,158482,158483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158484,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158486,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158488,83],{"class":82},[47,158490,87],{"class":86},[47,158492,3830],{"class":90},[47,158494,4080],{"class":86},[47,158496,2682],{"class":445},[47,158498,3062],{"class":86},[47,158500,1598],{"class":445},[47,158502,3062],{"class":86},[47,158504,2198],{"class":57},[47,158506,1598],{"class":445},[47,158508,4068],{"class":86},[20,158510,814],{},[38,158512,158514],{"className":40,"code":158513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158515,158516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158517,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158519,87],{"class":86},[47,158521,76960],{"class":445},[47,158523,309],{"class":86},[47,158525,51015],{"class":445},[47,158527,309],{"class":86},[47,158529,7971],{"class":445},[47,158531,286],{"class":86},[20,158533,158534],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,158536,158538],{"className":40,"code":158537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158539,158540,158560,158564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158541,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158543,3798],{"class":53},[47,158545,58],{"class":57},[47,158547,1067],{"class":86},[47,158549,2509],{"class":445},[47,158551,309],{"class":86},[47,158553,7966],{"class":445},[47,158555,309],{"class":86},[47,158557,7971],{"class":445},[47,158559,286],{"class":86},[47,158561,158562],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158563,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158565,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158567,83],{"class":82},[47,158569,87],{"class":86},[47,158571,3830],{"class":90},[47,158573,74289],{"class":86},[47,158575,1721],{"class":445},[47,158577,4068],{"class":86},[20,158579,158580],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[149,158582,158584],{"id":158583},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158586,158587,158588,33917],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3922,158589,49126],{},[469,158591,158593],{"id":158592},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,158595,158597],{"className":40,"code":158596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158598,158599,158623,158627,158645,158649,158659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158600,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158602,3798],{"class":53},[47,158604,58],{"class":57},[47,158606,1067],{"class":86},[47,158608,2509],{"class":445},[47,158610,309],{"class":86},[47,158612,7966],{"class":445},[47,158614,309],{"class":86},[47,158616,7971],{"class":445},[47,158618,309],{"class":86},[47,158620,51015],{"class":445},[47,158622,286],{"class":86},[47,158624,158625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158626,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158628,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158630,2407],{"class":53},[47,158632,58],{"class":57},[47,158634,4444],{"class":53},[47,158636,4080],{"class":86},[47,158638,1598],{"class":445},[47,158640,3062],{"class":86},[47,158642,2239],{"class":445},[47,158644,3816],{"class":86},[47,158646,158647],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,158648,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158650,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,158652,83],{"class":82},[47,158654,87],{"class":86},[47,158656,2442],{"class":90},[47,158658,286],{"class":86},[47,158660,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,158662,83],{"class":82},[47,158664,87],{"class":86},[47,158666,1872],{"class":1570},[47,158668,87],{"class":86},[47,158670,2442],{"class":90},[47,158672,1879],{"class":86},[20,158674,814],{},[38,158676,158678],{"className":40,"code":158677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158679,158680,158692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158681,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158683,87],{"class":86},[47,158685,15934],{"class":445},[47,158687,309],{"class":86},[47,158689,7971],{"class":445},[47,158691,286],{"class":86},[47,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158695,3468],{"class":57},[47,158697,3471],{"class":2242},[47,158699,3474],{"class":61},[47,158701,49126],{"class":65},[47,158703,3479],{"class":61},[47,158705,3482],{"class":57},[469,158707,158709],{"id":158708},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,158711,158713],{"className":40,"code":158712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158714,158715,158735,158739,158757,158761,158771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158716,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158718,3798],{"class":53},[47,158720,58],{"class":57},[47,158722,1067],{"class":86},[47,158724,2509],{"class":445},[47,158726,309],{"class":86},[47,158728,7966],{"class":445},[47,158730,309],{"class":86},[47,158732,7971],{"class":445},[47,158734,286],{"class":86},[47,158736,158737],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158738,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158740,158741,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158742,2407],{"class":53},[47,158744,58],{"class":57},[47,158746,4444],{"class":53},[47,158748,4080],{"class":86},[47,158750,1598],{"class":445},[47,158752,3062],{"class":86},[47,158754,2233],{"class":445},[47,158756,3816],{"class":86},[47,158758,158759],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,158760,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158762,158763,158765,158767,158769],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,158764,83],{"class":82},[47,158766,87],{"class":86},[47,158768,2442],{"class":90},[47,158770,286],{"class":86},[47,158772,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,158774,83],{"class":82},[47,158776,87],{"class":86},[47,158778,1872],{"class":1570},[47,158780,87],{"class":86},[47,158782,2442],{"class":90},[47,158784,1879],{"class":86},[20,158786,814],{},[38,158788,158790],{"className":40,"code":158789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158791,158792,158800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158793,158794,158796,158798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158795,87],{"class":86},[47,158797,15934],{"class":445},[47,158799,149319],{"class":86},[47,158801,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158803,3468],{"class":57},[47,158805,3471],{"class":2242},[47,158807,3474],{"class":61},[47,158809,49126],{"class":65},[47,158811,3479],{"class":61},[47,158813,3482],{"class":57},[469,158815,158817],{"id":158816},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,158819,158821],{"className":40,"code":158820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158822,158823,158843,158847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158824,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158826,3798],{"class":53},[47,158828,58],{"class":57},[47,158830,1067],{"class":86},[47,158832,2509],{"class":445},[47,158834,309],{"class":86},[47,158836,7966],{"class":445},[47,158838,309],{"class":86},[47,158840,7971],{"class":445},[47,158842,286],{"class":86},[47,158844,158845],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158846,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158848,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158850,83],{"class":82},[47,158852,87],{"class":86},[47,158854,3830],{"class":90},[47,158856,4080],{"class":86},[47,158858,2313],{"class":445},[47,158860,3062],{"class":86},[47,158862,2524],{"class":445},[47,158864,4068],{"class":86},[20,158866,814],{},[38,158868,158869],{"className":40,"code":8817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158870,158871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158872,158873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158874,8817],{"class":86},[20,158876,158877,158878,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[455,158879,156055],{"href":150942},[149,158881,158883],{"id":158882},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158885,158886],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[162,158888,158889,158891,158894,158899],{},[165,158890,77041],{},[165,158892,158893],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[165,158895,158896,158897],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158898,70898],{},[165,158900,158901],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158903,183],{},[38,158905,158907],{"className":40,"code":158906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158908,158909,158929,158933,158950,158971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158910,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158912,3798],{"class":53},[47,158914,58],{"class":57},[47,158916,1067],{"class":86},[47,158918,2509],{"class":445},[47,158920,309],{"class":86},[47,158922,7966],{"class":445},[47,158924,309],{"class":86},[47,158926,7971],{"class":445},[47,158928,286],{"class":86},[47,158930,158931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158932,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,158936,83],{"class":82},[47,158938,87],{"class":86},[47,158940,3830],{"class":90},[47,158942,4080],{"class":86},[47,158944,1598],{"class":445},[47,158946,20625],{"class":86},[47,158948,158949],{"class":113},"    # one item\n",[47,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,158953,83],{"class":82},[47,158955,87],{"class":86},[47,158957,3830],{"class":90},[47,158959,4080],{"class":86},[47,158961,1598],{"class":445},[47,158963,3062],{"class":86},[47,158965,2313],{"class":445},[47,158967,20625],{"class":86},[47,158969,158970],{"class":113},"  # slice\n",[47,158972,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,158974,83],{"class":82},[47,158976,87],{"class":86},[47,158978,3830],{"class":90},[47,158980,4080],{"class":86},[47,158982,2313],{"class":445},[47,158984,3062],{"class":86},[47,158986,2524],{"class":445},[47,158988,20625],{"class":86},[47,158990,158991],{"class":113},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158993,814],{},[38,158995,158997],{"className":40,"code":158996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158998,158999,159003,159015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159000,159001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159002,71391],{"class":445},[47,159004,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159006,87],{"class":86},[47,159008,15934],{"class":445},[47,159010,309],{"class":86},[47,159012,7971],{"class":445},[47,159014,286],{"class":86},[47,159016,159017],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159018,8817],{"class":86},[20,159020,159021],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,159023,159025],{"className":40,"code":159024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159026,159027,159047,159051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159028,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159030,3798],{"class":53},[47,159032,58],{"class":57},[47,159034,1067],{"class":86},[47,159036,2509],{"class":445},[47,159038,309],{"class":86},[47,159040,7966],{"class":445},[47,159042,309],{"class":86},[47,159044,7971],{"class":445},[47,159046,286],{"class":86},[47,159048,159049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159050,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159052,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159054,83],{"class":82},[47,159056,87],{"class":86},[47,159058,3830],{"class":90},[47,159060,4080],{"class":86},[47,159062,2313],{"class":445},[47,159064,4068],{"class":86},[20,159066,159067,159068,159070,159071,94],{},"This raises an ",[15,159069,70898],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[455,159072,154808],{"href":159073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[149,159075,15356],{"id":77308},[20,159077,159078],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[162,159080,159081,159084,159086,159089],{},[165,159082,159083],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[165,159085,60861],{},[165,159087,159088],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[165,159090,159091,159092],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159093,1721],{},[20,159095,159096],{},"Here are a few examples.",[469,159098,159100],{"id":159099},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,159102,159103],{"className":40,"code":157903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159104,159105,159133,159137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159106,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159108,3798],{"class":53},[47,159110,58],{"class":57},[47,159112,1067],{"class":86},[47,159114,2509],{"class":445},[47,159116,309],{"class":86},[47,159118,7966],{"class":445},[47,159120,309],{"class":86},[47,159122,7971],{"class":445},[47,159124,309],{"class":86},[47,159126,51015],{"class":445},[47,159128,309],{"class":86},[47,159130,5261],{"class":445},[47,159132,286],{"class":86},[47,159134,159135],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159136,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159140,83],{"class":82},[47,159142,87],{"class":86},[47,159144,3830],{"class":90},[47,159146,4080],{"class":86},[47,159148,1598],{"class":445},[47,159150,3062],{"class":86},[47,159152,2682],{"class":445},[47,159154,4068],{"class":86},[20,159156,814],{},[38,159158,159159],{"className":40,"code":157960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159160,159161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159162,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159164,87],{"class":86},[47,159166,15934],{"class":445},[47,159168,309],{"class":86},[47,159170,7971],{"class":445},[47,159172,309],{"class":86},[47,159174,51015],{"class":445},[47,159176,286],{"class":86},[20,159178,132543,159179,159181],{},[15,159180,2682],{}," is not included.",[469,159183,159185],{"id":159184},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159187,4707],{},[38,159189,159191],{"className":40,"code":159190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159192,159193,159217,159221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159194,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159196,3798],{"class":53},[47,159198,58],{"class":57},[47,159200,1067],{"class":86},[47,159202,2509],{"class":445},[47,159204,309],{"class":86},[47,159206,7966],{"class":445},[47,159208,309],{"class":86},[47,159210,7971],{"class":445},[47,159212,309],{"class":86},[47,159214,51015],{"class":445},[47,159216,286],{"class":86},[47,159218,159219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159220,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159222,159223],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159224,159225],{"class":113},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159227,159228],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,159230,159231],{"className":40,"code":154888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159232,159233,159257,159261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159234,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159236,3798],{"class":53},[47,159238,58],{"class":57},[47,159240,1067],{"class":86},[47,159242,2509],{"class":445},[47,159244,309],{"class":86},[47,159246,7966],{"class":445},[47,159248,309],{"class":86},[47,159250,7971],{"class":445},[47,159252,309],{"class":86},[47,159254,51015],{"class":445},[47,159256,286],{"class":86},[47,159258,159259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159260,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159262,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159264,83],{"class":82},[47,159266,87],{"class":86},[47,159268,3830],{"class":90},[47,159270,4080],{"class":86},[47,159272,1598],{"class":445},[47,159274,3062],{"class":86},[47,159276,2239],{"class":445},[47,159278,4068],{"class":86},[469,159280,159282],{"id":159281},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,159284,159286],{"className":40,"code":159285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159287,159288,159312,159316,159331,159335,159346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159291,3798],{"class":53},[47,159293,58],{"class":57},[47,159295,1067],{"class":86},[47,159297,2509],{"class":445},[47,159299,309],{"class":86},[47,159301,7966],{"class":445},[47,159303,309],{"class":86},[47,159305,7971],{"class":445},[47,159307,309],{"class":86},[47,159309,51015],{"class":445},[47,159311,286],{"class":86},[47,159313,159314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159315,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159317,159318,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159319,159320],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159322,58],{"class":57},[47,159324,4444],{"class":53},[47,159326,75701],{"class":86},[47,159328,2233],{"class":445},[47,159330,3816],{"class":86},[47,159332,159333],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,159334,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159336,159337,159339,159341,159344],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,159338,83],{"class":82},[47,159340,87],{"class":86},[47,159342,159343],{"class":90},"slice_result",[47,159345,286],{"class":86},[47,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,159349,83],{"class":82},[47,159351,87],{"class":86},[47,159353,3830],{"class":90},[47,159355,286],{"class":86},[20,159357,814],{},[38,159359,159361],{"className":40,"code":159360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159362,159363,159375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159364,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159366,87],{"class":86},[47,159368,2509],{"class":445},[47,159370,309],{"class":86},[47,159372,7966],{"class":445},[47,159374,286],{"class":86},[47,159376,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159378,87],{"class":86},[47,159380,2509],{"class":445},[47,159382,309],{"class":86},[47,159384,7966],{"class":445},[47,159386,309],{"class":86},[47,159388,7971],{"class":445},[47,159390,309],{"class":86},[47,159392,51015],{"class":445},[47,159394,286],{"class":86},[20,159396,159397],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[149,159399,113892],{"id":113891},[20,159401,159402],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[162,159404,159405,159408,159411,159417,159420],{},[165,159406,159407],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[165,159409,159410],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[165,159412,159413,159414],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159415,159416],{},"tuple[::0]",[165,159418,159419],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[165,159421,159422],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159424,159425],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,159427,159429],{"className":40,"code":159428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159430,159431,159441,159459,159481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159432,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159434,83],{"class":82},[47,159436,87],{"class":86},[47,159438,147981],{"class":90},[47,159440,286],{"class":86},[47,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159444,83],{"class":82},[47,159446,87],{"class":86},[47,159448,147981],{"class":90},[47,159450,4080],{"class":86},[47,159452,1598],{"class":445},[47,159454,3062],{"class":86},[47,159456,2682],{"class":445},[47,159458,4068],{"class":86},[47,159460,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159462,83],{"class":82},[47,159464,87],{"class":86},[47,159466,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159468,87],{"class":86},[47,159470,147981],{"class":90},[47,159472,4080],{"class":86},[47,159474,1598],{"class":445},[47,159476,3062],{"class":86},[47,159478,2682],{"class":445},[47,159480,3176],{"class":86},[47,159482,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,159484,83],{"class":82},[47,159486,87],{"class":86},[47,159488,11337],{"class":82},[47,159490,87],{"class":86},[47,159492,147981],{"class":90},[47,159494,1879],{"class":86},[20,159496,11346],{},[162,159498,159499,159501,159504,159507],{},[165,159500,155195],{},[165,159502,159503],{},"what the slice actually returns",[165,159505,159506],{},"that the result is a tuple",[165,159508,159509],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[149,159511,1962],{"id":1961},[469,159513,159515],{"id":159514},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159517,159518],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[469,159520,159522],{"id":159521},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159524,159525],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[469,159527,5323,159529,40135],{"id":159528},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159530,158348],{},[20,159532,159533],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[469,159535,159537,159538,2037],{"id":159536},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159539,70898],{},[20,159541,159542,159543,94],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159544,70898],{},[149,159546,2062],{"id":2061},[162,159548,159549,159553,159557,159561,159565],{},[165,159550,159551],{},[455,159552,156055],{"href":150942},[165,159554,159555],{},[455,159556,149636],{"href":153062},[165,159558,159559],{},[455,159560,150885],{"href":157219},[165,159562,159563],{},[455,159564,147963],{"href":157581},[165,159566,159567],{},[455,159568,154808],{"href":159073},[2093,159570,159571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":159573},[159574,159575,159576,159577,159585,159589,159590,159595,159596,159601,159602,159610],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":157381,"depth":72,"text":157382},{"id":157584,"depth":72,"text":157585},{"id":76181,"depth":72,"text":76182,"children":159578},[159579,159581,159582,159583,159584],{"id":157742,"depth":79,"text":159580},"Get the first n items",{"id":157821,"depth":79,"text":157822},{"id":157899,"depth":79,"text":157900},{"id":157981,"depth":79,"text":157982},{"id":158063,"depth":79,"text":158064},{"id":76475,"depth":72,"text":76476,"children":159586},[159587,159588],{"id":158158,"depth":79,"text":158159},{"id":158242,"depth":79,"text":158243},{"id":158331,"depth":72,"text":158332},{"id":158583,"depth":72,"text":158584,"children":159591},[159592,159593,159594],{"id":158592,"depth":79,"text":158593},{"id":158708,"depth":79,"text":158709},{"id":158816,"depth":79,"text":158817},{"id":158882,"depth":72,"text":158883},{"id":77308,"depth":72,"text":15356,"children":159597},[159598,159599,159600],{"id":159099,"depth":79,"text":159100},{"id":159184,"depth":79,"text":159185},{"id":159281,"depth":79,"text":159282},{"id":113891,"depth":72,"text":113892},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":159603},[159604,159605,159606,159608],{"id":159514,"depth":79,"text":159515},{"id":159521,"depth":79,"text":159522},{"id":159528,"depth":79,"text":159607},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159536,"depth":79,"text":159609},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157225,"description":159611},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159618,"title":159619,"body":159620,"description":161443,"extension":2138,"meta":161444,"navigation":75,"path":34983,"seo":161445,"stem":161446,"__hash__":161447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159621,"toc":161409},[159622,159627,159632,159636,159654,159657,159672,159678,159680,159737,159739,159771,159783,159789,159794,159797,159832,159838,159840,159843,159857,159860,159862,159885,159887,159905,159908,159924,159926,159929,160042,160044,160133,160136,160141,160147,160150,160153,160252,160254,160313,160318,160321,160390,160394,160426,160442,160447,160454,160461,160473,160475,160524,160526,160549,160555,160603,160608,160615,160623,160629,160632,160656,160659,160661,160737,160739,160764,160770,160773,160778,160782,160796,160798,160861,160863,160895,160898,160914,160916,160922,160929,160931,160950,160952,160970,160977,160982,160989,160991,161028,161031,161038,161042,161045,161103,161106,161109,161164,161166,161178,161184,161186,161190,161223,161230,161232,161295,161298,161300,161305,161319,161326,161334,161343,161352,161358,161364,161366,161406],[10,159623,3755,159625,3759],{"id":159624},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159626,2480],{},[20,159628,32492,159629,159631],{},[15,159630,2480],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159633,62935,159634,104736],{},[15,159635,2480],{},[162,159637,159638,159641,159644,159647],{},[165,159639,159640],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[165,159642,159643],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[165,159645,159646],{},"debug confusing code",[165,159648,159649,159650],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[455,159651,159652],{"href":8395},[15,159653,3135],{},[20,159655,159656],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,159658,159660],{"className":40,"code":159659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,159661,159662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159663,159664,159666,159668,159670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159665,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159667,87],{"class":86},[47,159669,42573],{"class":1570},[47,159671,286],{"class":86},[20,159673,159674,159675,159677],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159676,2480],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[149,159679,3788],{"id":3787},[38,159681,159683],{"className":40,"code":159682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159684,159685,159697,159711,159715,159723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159686,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159688,193],{"class":53},[47,159690,58],{"class":57},[47,159692,62],{"class":61},[47,159694,5184],{"class":65},[47,159696,69],{"class":61},[47,159698,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159700,83],{"class":82},[47,159702,87],{"class":86},[47,159704,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159706,87],{"class":86},[47,159708,214],{"class":90},[47,159710,1879],{"class":86},[47,159712,159713],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159714,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,159716,159717,159719,159721],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,159718,2394],{"class":53},[47,159720,58],{"class":57},[47,159722,2765],{"class":445},[47,159724,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,159726,83],{"class":82},[47,159728,87],{"class":86},[47,159730,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159732,87],{"class":86},[47,159734,2417],{"class":90},[47,159736,1879],{"class":86},[20,159738,814],{},[38,159740,159741],{"className":40,"code":125224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159742,159743,159757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159744,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159746,3468],{"class":57},[47,159748,3471],{"class":2242},[47,159750,3474],{"class":61},[47,159752,3622],{"class":65},[47,159754,3479],{"class":61},[47,159756,3482],{"class":57},[47,159758,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159760,3468],{"class":57},[47,159762,3471],{"class":2242},[47,159764,3474],{"class":61},[47,159766,2365],{"class":65},[47,159768,3479],{"class":61},[47,159770,3482],{"class":57},[20,159772,144,159773,159776,159777,837,159780,94],{},[15,159774,159775],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159778,159779],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159781,159782],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[149,159784,13174,159786,159788],{"id":159785},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159787,2480],{}," function does",[20,159790,159791,159793],{},[15,159792,2480],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159795,159796],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[162,159798,159799,159804,159809,159814,159819,159824],{},[165,159800,159801,159803],{},[15,159802,3622],{}," for text",[165,159805,159806,159808],{},[15,159807,2365],{}," for whole numbers",[165,159810,159811,159813],{},[15,159812,2369],{}," for decimal numbers",[165,159815,159816,159818],{},[15,159817,8269],{}," for lists",[165,159820,159821,159823],{},[15,159822,8995],{}," for dictionaries",[165,159825,159826,69263,159828,837,159830],{},[15,159827,4048],{},[15,159829,31],{},[15,159831,35],{},[20,159833,159834,159835,159837],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159836,2480],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[149,159839,261],{"id":260},[20,159841,159842],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,159844,159845],{"className":40,"code":159659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159846,159847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159848,159849,159851,159853,159855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159850,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159852,87],{"class":86},[47,159854,42573],{"class":1570},[47,159856,286],{"class":86},[20,159858,159859],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159861,183],{},[38,159863,159865],{"className":40,"code":159864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159866,159867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159868,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159870,83],{"class":82},[47,159872,87],{"class":86},[47,159874,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159876,87],{"class":86},[47,159878,102],{"class":61},[47,159880,386],{"class":65},[47,159882,102],{"class":61},[47,159884,1879],{"class":86},[20,159886,814],{},[38,159888,159889],{"className":40,"code":45943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159890,159891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159892,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159894,3468],{"class":57},[47,159896,3471],{"class":2242},[47,159898,3474],{"class":61},[47,159900,3622],{"class":65},[47,159902,3479],{"class":61},[47,159904,3482],{"class":57},[20,159906,159907],{},"You can pass either:",[162,159909,159910,159917],{},[165,159911,159912,159913,32,159915],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159914,64703],{},[15,159916,46699],{},[165,159918,159919,159920,32,159922],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159921,214],{},[15,159923,9473],{},[149,159925,122051],{"id":122050},[20,159927,159928],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,159930,159932],{"className":40,"code":159931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159933,159934,159952,159966,159980,160002,160028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159935,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159937,83],{"class":82},[47,159939,87],{"class":86},[47,159941,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159943,87],{"class":86},[47,159945,102],{"class":61},[47,159947,386],{"class":65},[47,159949,102],{"class":61},[47,159951,1879],{"class":86},[47,159953,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159955,83],{"class":82},[47,159957,87],{"class":86},[47,159959,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159961,87],{"class":86},[47,159963,2509],{"class":445},[47,159965,1879],{"class":86},[47,159967,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,159969,83],{"class":82},[47,159971,87],{"class":86},[47,159973,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159975,87],{"class":86},[47,159977,40318],{"class":445},[47,159979,1879],{"class":86},[47,159981,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,159983,83],{"class":82},[47,159985,87],{"class":86},[47,159987,1872],{"class":1570},[47,159989,3163],{"class":86},[47,159991,1598],{"class":445},[47,159993,309],{"class":86},[47,159995,1769],{"class":445},[47,159997,309],{"class":86},[47,159999,2630],{"class":445},[47,160001,3176],{"class":86},[47,160003,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,160005,83],{"class":82},[47,160007,87],{"class":86},[47,160009,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160011,5708],{"class":86},[47,160013,102],{"class":61},[47,160015,214],{"class":65},[47,160017,102],{"class":61},[47,160019,3062],{"class":86},[47,160021,62],{"class":61},[47,160023,5184],{"class":65},[47,160025,102],{"class":61},[47,160027,5717],{"class":86},[47,160029,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,160031,83],{"class":82},[47,160033,87],{"class":86},[47,160035,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160037,87],{"class":86},[47,160039,31],{"class":4032},[47,160041,1879],{"class":86},[20,160043,814],{},[38,160045,160047],{"className":40,"code":160046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160048,160049,160063,160077,160091,160105,160119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160050,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160052,3468],{"class":57},[47,160054,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160056,3474],{"class":61},[47,160058,3622],{"class":65},[47,160060,3479],{"class":61},[47,160062,3482],{"class":57},[47,160064,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160066,3468],{"class":57},[47,160068,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160070,3474],{"class":61},[47,160072,2365],{"class":65},[47,160074,3479],{"class":61},[47,160076,3482],{"class":57},[47,160078,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160080,3468],{"class":57},[47,160082,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160084,3474],{"class":61},[47,160086,2369],{"class":65},[47,160088,3479],{"class":61},[47,160090,3482],{"class":57},[47,160092,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160094,3468],{"class":57},[47,160096,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160098,3474],{"class":61},[47,160100,8269],{"class":65},[47,160102,3479],{"class":61},[47,160104,3482],{"class":57},[47,160106,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,160108,3468],{"class":57},[47,160110,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160112,3474],{"class":61},[47,160114,8995],{"class":65},[47,160116,3479],{"class":61},[47,160118,3482],{"class":57},[47,160120,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,160122,3468],{"class":57},[47,160124,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160126,3474],{"class":61},[47,160128,4048],{"class":65},[47,160130,3479],{"class":61},[47,160132,3482],{"class":57},[20,160134,160135],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160137,160138,160139,94],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[455,160140,44970],{"href":49151},[149,160142,831,160144,160146],{"id":160143},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160145,2480],{}," with variables",[20,160148,160149],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160151,160152],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,160154,160156],{"className":40,"code":160155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160157,160158,160166,160184,160188,160200,160218,160222,160234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160159,160160,160162,160164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160161,1535],{"class":53},[47,160163,58],{"class":57},[47,160165,2765],{"class":445},[47,160167,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160169,83],{"class":82},[47,160171,87],{"class":86},[47,160173,1587],{"class":90},[47,160175,309],{"class":86},[47,160177,49562],{"class":1570},[47,160179,87],{"class":86},[47,160181,1587],{"class":90},[47,160183,1879],{"class":86},[47,160185,160186],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160187,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160189,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160191,1535],{"class":53},[47,160193,58],{"class":57},[47,160195,62],{"class":61},[47,160197,46080],{"class":65},[47,160199,69],{"class":61},[47,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,160203,83],{"class":82},[47,160205,87],{"class":86},[47,160207,1587],{"class":90},[47,160209,309],{"class":86},[47,160211,49562],{"class":1570},[47,160213,87],{"class":86},[47,160215,1587],{"class":90},[47,160217,1879],{"class":86},[47,160219,160220],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,160221,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160223,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,160225,1535],{"class":53},[47,160227,58],{"class":57},[47,160229,3803],{"class":86},[47,160231,2509],{"class":445},[47,160233,3816],{"class":86},[47,160235,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250],{"class":49,"line":1113},[47,160237,83],{"class":82},[47,160239,87],{"class":86},[47,160241,1587],{"class":90},[47,160243,309],{"class":86},[47,160245,49562],{"class":1570},[47,160247,87],{"class":86},[47,160249,1587],{"class":90},[47,160251,1879],{"class":86},[20,160253,814],{},[38,160255,160257],{"className":40,"code":160256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160258,160259,160276,160293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160260,160261,160263,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160262,2509],{"class":445},[47,160264,160265],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160267,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160269,3474],{"class":61},[47,160271,2365],{"class":65},[47,160273,3479],{"class":61},[47,160275,3482],{"class":57},[47,160277,160278,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160279,160280],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160282,3468],{"class":57},[47,160284,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160286,3474],{"class":61},[47,160288,3622],{"class":65},[47,160290,3479],{"class":61},[47,160292,3482],{"class":57},[47,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160296,4080],{"class":86},[47,160298,2509],{"class":445},[47,160300,13452],{"class":86},[47,160302,160265],{"class":57},[47,160304,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160306,3474],{"class":61},[47,160308,8269],{"class":65},[47,160310,3479],{"class":61},[47,160312,3482],{"class":57},[20,160314,160315,160317],{},[15,160316,2480],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160319,160320],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,160322,160324],{"className":40,"code":160323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160325,160326,160344,160358,160362,160376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160327,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160329,3570],{"class":53},[47,160331,58],{"class":57},[47,160333,8418],{"class":82},[47,160335,87],{"class":86},[47,160337,102],{"class":61},[47,160339,42046],{"class":65},[47,160341,102],{"class":61},[47,160343,286],{"class":86},[47,160345,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160347,83],{"class":82},[47,160349,87],{"class":86},[47,160351,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160353,87],{"class":86},[47,160355,3596],{"class":90},[47,160357,1879],{"class":86},[47,160359,160360],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160361,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160363,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160365,123162],{"class":53},[47,160367,58],{"class":57},[47,160369,45449],{"class":1570},[47,160371,87],{"class":86},[47,160373,3596],{"class":90},[47,160375,286],{"class":86},[47,160377,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,160379,83],{"class":82},[47,160381,87],{"class":86},[47,160383,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160385,87],{"class":86},[47,160387,123185],{"class":90},[47,160389,1879],{"class":86},[20,160391,41295,160392,41299],{},[15,160393,9368],{},[38,160395,160396],{"className":40,"code":125224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160397,160398,160412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160399,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160401,3468],{"class":57},[47,160403,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160405,3474],{"class":61},[47,160407,3622],{"class":65},[47,160409,3479],{"class":61},[47,160411,3482],{"class":57},[47,160413,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160415,3468],{"class":57},[47,160417,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160419,3474],{"class":61},[47,160421,2365],{"class":65},[47,160423,3479],{"class":61},[47,160425,3482],{"class":57},[20,160427,45876,160428,160432,160433,32,160437,160441],{},[455,160429,160430],{"href":8395},[15,160431,3135],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[455,160434,160435],{"href":3052},[15,160436,3055],{},[455,160438,160439],{"href":3058},[15,160440,3061],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160443,160444,160445,94],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[455,160446,9155],{"href":9154},[149,160448,160450,10760,160452],{"id":160449},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160451,2480],{},[15,160453,44978],{},[20,160455,160456,837,160458,160460],{},[15,160457,2480],{},[15,160459,44978],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[162,160462,160463,160468],{},[165,160464,160465,160467],{},[15,160466,2480],{}," tells you the exact type",[165,160469,160470,160472],{},[15,160471,44978],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160474,183],{},[38,160476,160478],{"className":40,"code":160477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160479,160480,160488,160492,160506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160481,160482,160484,160486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160483,1535],{"class":53},[47,160485,58],{"class":57},[47,160487,35017],{"class":445},[47,160489,160490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160491,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160493,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160495,83],{"class":82},[47,160497,87],{"class":86},[47,160499,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160501,87],{"class":86},[47,160503,1587],{"class":90},[47,160505,1879],{"class":86},[47,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520,160522],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160509,83],{"class":82},[47,160511,87],{"class":86},[47,160513,49049],{"class":82},[47,160515,87],{"class":86},[47,160517,1587],{"class":90},[47,160519,309],{"class":86},[47,160521,45449],{"class":1570},[47,160523,1879],{"class":86},[20,160525,814],{},[38,160527,160529],{"className":40,"code":160528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160530,160531,160545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160532,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160534,3468],{"class":57},[47,160536,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160538,3474],{"class":61},[47,160540,2365],{"class":65},[47,160542,3479],{"class":61},[47,160544,3482],{"class":57},[47,160546,160547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160548,4160],{"class":4032},[20,160550,160551,160552,160554],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160553,44978],{}," is more practical.",[38,160556,160558],{"className":40,"code":160557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160559,160560,160568,160572,160588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160561,160562,160564,160566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160563,1535],{"class":53},[47,160565,58],{"class":57},[47,160567,35017],{"class":445},[47,160569,160570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160571,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160573,160574,160576,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160575,723],{"class":752},[47,160577,49785],{"class":82},[47,160579,87],{"class":86},[47,160581,1587],{"class":90},[47,160583,309],{"class":86},[47,160585,45449],{"class":1570},[47,160587,771],{"class":86},[47,160589,160590,160592,160594,160596,160599,160601],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160591,776],{"class":82},[47,160593,87],{"class":86},[47,160595,102],{"class":61},[47,160597,160598],{"class":65},"This is an integer",[47,160600,102],{"class":61},[47,160602,286],{"class":86},[20,160604,144,160605,160607],{},[15,160606,2480],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160609,144,160610,160612,160613,724],{},[15,160611,44978],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160614,723],{},[20,160616,160617,160618,94],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[455,160619,3755,160621,3688],{"href":160620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160622,44978],{},[149,160624,160626,160627],{"id":160625},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160628,2480],{},[20,160630,160631],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,160633,160635],{"className":40,"code":160634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160636,160637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160638,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647,160650,160652,160654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160640,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160642,87],{"class":86},[47,160644,214],{"class":90},[47,160646,309],{"class":86},[47,160648,160649],{"class":90}," bases",[47,160651,309],{"class":86},[47,160653,9345],{"class":1570},[47,160655,286],{"class":86},[20,160657,160658],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160660,183],{},[38,160662,160664],{"className":40,"code":160663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160665,160666,160709,160713,160723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160667,160668,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160682,160684,160686,160689,160691,160693,160696,160698,160700,160702,160705,160707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160669,160670],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,160672,58],{"class":57},[47,160674,49562],{"class":1570},[47,160676,87],{"class":86},[47,160678,102],{"class":61},[47,160680,160681],{"class":65},"Person",[47,160683,102],{"class":61},[47,160685,309],{"class":86},[47,160687,160688],{"class":86}," (),",[47,160690,10665],{"class":86},[47,160692,102],{"class":61},[47,160694,160695],{"class":65},"species",[47,160697,102],{"class":61},[47,160699,3062],{"class":86},[47,160701,62],{"class":61},[47,160703,160704],{"class":65},"human",[47,160706,102],{"class":61},[47,160708,30673],{"class":86},[47,160710,160711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160712,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160714,160715,160717,160719,160721],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160716,83],{"class":82},[47,160718,87],{"class":86},[47,160720,160681],{"class":90},[47,160722,286],{"class":86},[47,160724,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160726,83],{"class":82},[47,160728,87],{"class":86},[47,160730,160681],{"class":90},[47,160732,94],{"class":86},[47,160734,160695],{"class":24927},[47,160736,286],{"class":86},[20,160738,814],{},[38,160740,160742],{"className":40,"code":160741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160743,160744,160759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160745,160746,160748,160750,160752,160755,160757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160747,3468],{"class":57},[47,160749,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160751,3474],{"class":61},[47,160753,160754],{"class":65},"__main__.Person",[47,160756,3479],{"class":61},[47,160758,3482],{"class":57},[47,160760,160761],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160762,160763],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,160765,160766,160767,160769],{},"Most beginners do ",[3922,160768,4813],{}," need this form.",[20,160771,160772],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[149,160774,1321,160776],{"id":160775},"when-to-use-type",[15,160777,2480],{},[20,160779,160780,12622],{},[15,160781,2480],{},[162,160783,160784,160787,160790,160793],{},[165,160785,160786],{},"debug unexpected values",[165,160788,160789],{},"check what a conversion produced",[165,160791,160792],{},"learn Python data types",[165,160794,160795],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160797,5651],{},[38,160799,160801],{"className":40,"code":160800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160802,160803,160815,160829,160833,160847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160804,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160806,54],{"class":53},[47,160808,58],{"class":57},[47,160810,62],{"class":61},[47,160812,1576],{"class":65},[47,160814,69],{"class":61},[47,160816,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160818,2394],{"class":53},[47,160820,58],{"class":57},[47,160822,45449],{"class":1570},[47,160824,87],{"class":86},[47,160826,91],{"class":90},[47,160828,286],{"class":86},[47,160830,160831],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,160832,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,160834,160835,160837,160839,160841,160843,160845],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,160836,83],{"class":82},[47,160838,87],{"class":86},[47,160840,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160842,87],{"class":86},[47,160844,91],{"class":90},[47,160846,1879],{"class":86},[47,160848,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,160850,83],{"class":82},[47,160852,87],{"class":86},[47,160854,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160856,87],{"class":86},[47,160858,2417],{"class":90},[47,160860,1879],{"class":86},[20,160862,814],{},[38,160864,160865],{"className":40,"code":125224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160866,160867,160881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160868,160869,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160870,3468],{"class":57},[47,160872,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160874,3474],{"class":61},[47,160876,3622],{"class":65},[47,160878,3479],{"class":61},[47,160880,3482],{"class":57},[47,160882,160883,160885,160887,160889,160891,160893],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160884,3468],{"class":57},[47,160886,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160888,3474],{"class":61},[47,160890,2365],{"class":65},[47,160892,3479],{"class":61},[47,160894,3482],{"class":57},[20,160896,160897],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160899,160900,160901,2366,160905,17251,160909,160913],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[455,160902,160903],{"href":42350},[15,160904,47857],{},[455,160906,160907],{"href":3052},[15,160908,3055],{},[455,160910,160911],{"href":3058},[15,160912,3061],{}," are often the next step.",[149,160915,25535],{"id":25534},[20,160917,160918,160919,160921],{},"A few things about ",[15,160920,2480],{}," often confuse beginners.",[469,160923,160925,160928],{"id":160924},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160926,160927],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160930,64812],{},[38,160932,160934],{"className":40,"code":160933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160935,160936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160937,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160939,83],{"class":82},[47,160941,87],{"class":86},[47,160943,1872],{"class":1570},[47,160945,87],{"class":86},[47,160947,2313],{"class":445},[47,160949,1879],{"class":86},[20,160951,123081],{},[38,160953,160954],{"className":40,"code":156403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160955,160956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160959,3468],{"class":57},[47,160961,3471],{"class":2242},[47,160963,3474],{"class":61},[47,160965,2365],{"class":65},[47,160967,3479],{"class":61},[47,160969,3482],{"class":57},[20,160971,41080,160972,160974,160975,94],{},[3922,160973,4813],{}," print just ",[15,160976,2365],{},[20,160978,6854,160979,160981],{},[15,160980,2480],{}," returns a class object.",[469,160983,160985,2576,160987],{"id":160984},"input-returns-str",[15,160986,3135],{},[15,160988,3622],{},[20,160990,79707],{},[38,160992,160994],{"className":40,"code":160993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160995,160996,161014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160997,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160999,1535],{"class":53},[47,161001,58],{"class":57},[47,161003,8418],{"class":82},[47,161005,87],{"class":86},[47,161007,102],{"class":61},[47,161009,46483],{"class":65},[47,161011,102],{"class":61},[47,161013,286],{"class":86},[47,161015,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161017,83],{"class":82},[47,161019,87],{"class":86},[47,161021,1872],{"class":1570},[47,161023,87],{"class":86},[47,161025,1587],{"class":90},[47,161027,1879],{"class":86},[20,161029,161030],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161032,161033,161034,32,161036,94],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161035,3055],{},[15,161037,3061],{},[469,161039,161041],{"id":161040},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161043,161044],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,161046,161048],{"className":40,"code":161047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161049,161050,161058,161062,161088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161051,161052,161054,161056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161053,1535],{"class":53},[47,161055,58],{"class":57},[47,161057,35017],{"class":445},[47,161059,161060],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161061,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,161063,161064,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161065,723],{"class":752},[47,161067,1571],{"class":1570},[47,161069,87],{"class":86},[47,161071,1872],{"class":1570},[47,161073,87],{"class":86},[47,161075,1587],{"class":90},[47,161077,110],{"class":86},[47,161079,6587],{"class":57},[47,161081,62],{"class":61},[47,161083,159782],{"class":65},[47,161085,102],{"class":61},[47,161087,795],{"class":86},[47,161089,161090,161092,161094,161096,161099,161101],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161091,776],{"class":82},[47,161093,87],{"class":86},[47,161095,102],{"class":61},[47,161097,161098],{"class":65},"It is an int",[47,161100,102],{"class":61},[47,161102,286],{"class":86},[20,161104,161105],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161107,161108],{},"Better options:",[38,161110,161112],{"className":40,"code":161111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161113,161114,161122,161126,161146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161115,161116,161118,161120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161117,1535],{"class":53},[47,161119,58],{"class":57},[47,161121,35017],{"class":445},[47,161123,161124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161125,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,161127,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161129,83],{"class":82},[47,161131,87],{"class":86},[47,161133,1872],{"class":1570},[47,161135,87],{"class":86},[47,161137,1587],{"class":90},[47,161139,1696],{"class":86},[47,161141,6587],{"class":57},[47,161143,45449],{"class":1570},[47,161145,286],{"class":86},[47,161147,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161149,83],{"class":82},[47,161151,87],{"class":86},[47,161153,49049],{"class":82},[47,161155,87],{"class":86},[47,161157,1587],{"class":90},[47,161159,309],{"class":86},[47,161161,45449],{"class":1570},[47,161163,1879],{"class":86},[20,161165,814],{},[38,161167,161168],{"className":40,"code":4686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161169,161170,161174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161171,161172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161173,4160],{"class":4032},[47,161175,161176],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161177,4160],{"class":4032},[20,161179,161180,161181,161183],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161182,44978],{}," is the more useful check.",[149,161185,1425],{"id":1424},[20,161187,14913,161188,3062],{},[15,161189,2480],{},[162,161191,161192,161202,161211,161220],{},[165,161193,831,161194,161196,161197,161201],{},[15,161195,2480],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[455,161198,161199],{"href":8395},[15,161200,3135],{}," always returns a string",[165,161203,8628,161204,161206,161207,11267,161209],{},[15,161205,2480],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161208,2365],{},[15,161210,159782],{},[165,161212,831,161213,44802,161216,161219],{},[15,161214,161215],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161217,161218],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[165,161221,161222],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161224,161225,161226,94],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[455,161227,161229],{"href":161228},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161231,144557],{},[38,161233,161235],{"className":40,"code":161234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161236,161237,161251,161261,161275,161285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161238,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161240,83],{"class":82},[47,161242,87],{"class":86},[47,161244,1872],{"class":1570},[47,161246,87],{"class":86},[47,161248,1587],{"class":90},[47,161250,1879],{"class":86},[47,161252,161253,161255,161257,161259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161254,83],{"class":82},[47,161256,87],{"class":86},[47,161258,1587],{"class":90},[47,161260,286],{"class":86},[47,161262,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161264,83],{"class":82},[47,161266,87],{"class":86},[47,161268,41954],{"class":82},[47,161270,87],{"class":86},[47,161272,1587],{"class":90},[47,161274,1879],{"class":86},[47,161276,161277,161279,161281,161283],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161278,32327],{"class":82},[47,161280,87],{"class":86},[47,161282,1872],{"class":1570},[47,161284,286],{"class":86},[47,161286,161287,161289,161291,161293],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,161288,34548],{"class":82},[47,161290,87],{"class":86},[47,161292,1587],{"class":90},[47,161294,286],{"class":86},[20,161296,161297],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[149,161299,1962],{"id":1961},[469,161301,5323,161303,5326],{"id":161302},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161304,2480],{},[20,161306,161307,161308,2366,161310,2366,161312,2370,161314,161316,161317,94],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161309,3622],{},[15,161311,2365],{},[15,161313,8269],{},[15,161315,8995],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161318,159779],{},[469,161320,2022,161322,57375,161324,2037],{"id":161321},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161323,2480],{},[15,161325,44978],{},[20,161327,46538,161328,161330,161331,161333],{},[15,161329,2480],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161332,44978],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[469,161335,5338,161337,161340,161341,2037],{"id":161336},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161338,161339],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161342,3622],{},[20,161344,29238,161345,161347,161348,32,161350,160441],{},[15,161346,3135],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161349,3055],{},[15,161351,3061],{},[469,161353,1980,161355,161357],{"id":161354},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161356,2480],{}," create classes?",[20,161359,161360,161361,94],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161362,161363],{},"type(object)",[149,161365,2062],{"id":2061},[162,161367,161368,161372,161378,161384,161388,161394,161400],{},[165,161369,161370],{},[455,161371,44970],{"href":49151},[165,161373,161374],{},[455,161375,3755,161376,3688],{"href":160620},[15,161377,44978],{},[165,161379,161380],{},[455,161381,3755,161382,3688],{"href":8395},[15,161383,3135],{},[165,161385,161386],{},[455,161387,9232],{"href":9154},[165,161389,161390],{},[455,161391,3755,161392,3688],{"href":3052},[15,161393,3055],{},[165,161395,161396],{},[455,161397,3755,161398,3688],{"href":3058},[15,161399,3061],{},[165,161401,161402],{},[455,161403,3755,161404,3688],{"href":42350},[15,161405,47857],{},[2093,161407,161408],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":161410},[161411,161412,161414,161415,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161431,161432,161442],{"id":3787,"depth":72,"text":3788},{"id":159785,"depth":72,"text":161413},"What the type() function does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":122050,"depth":72,"text":122051},{"id":160143,"depth":72,"text":161417},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160449,"depth":72,"text":161419},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160625,"depth":72,"text":161421},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160775,"depth":72,"text":161423},"When to use type()",{"id":25534,"depth":72,"text":25535,"children":161425},[161426,161428,161430],{"id":160924,"depth":79,"text":161427},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160984,"depth":79,"text":161429},"input() returns str",{"id":161040,"depth":79,"text":161041},{"id":1424,"depth":72,"text":1425},{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":161433},[161434,161436,161438,161440],{"id":161302,"depth":79,"text":161435},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161321,"depth":79,"text":161437},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161336,"depth":79,"text":161439},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161354,"depth":79,"text":161441},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159619,"description":161443},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161449,"title":161450,"body":161451,"description":163930,"extension":2138,"meta":163931,"navigation":75,"path":163932,"seo":163933,"stem":163934,"__hash__":163935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161452,"toc":163887},[161453,161458,161463,161472,161474,161574,161576,161601,161606,161611,161627,161630,161632,161634,161659,161662,161665,161748,161750,161799,161802,161924,161926,161999,162003,162006,162120,162122,162148,162150,162171,162176,162180,162185,162188,162292,162294,162311,162320,162323,162410,162412,162423,162428,162434,162439,162445,162448,162541,162543,162592,162598,162601,162702,162704,162757,162762,162766,162769,162868,162870,162909,162912,162917,162919,162924,162928,163041,163045,163142,163146,163234,163236,163253,163257,163380,163386,163392,163398,163403,163406,163433,163437,163439,163533,163536,163540,163543,163630,163633,163668,163670,163707,163710,163718,163723,163728,163802,163809,163811,163816,163819,163825,163828,163834,163839,163845,163850,163854,163857,163859,163884],[10,161454,3755,161456,3759],{"id":161455},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161457,64488],{},[20,161459,161460,161462],{},[15,161461,64488],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161464,161465,161466,161468,161469,161471],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161467,64488],{}," inside a ",[15,161470,6137],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[149,161473,2179],{"id":2178},[38,161475,161477],{"className":40,"code":161476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161478,161479,161511,161531,161535,161560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161480,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161482,5175],{"class":53},[47,161484,58],{"class":57},[47,161486,3803],{"class":86},[47,161488,102],{"class":61},[47,161490,13058],{"class":65},[47,161492,102],{"class":61},[47,161494,309],{"class":86},[47,161496,62],{"class":61},[47,161498,36117],{"class":65},[47,161500,102],{"class":61},[47,161502,309],{"class":86},[47,161504,62],{"class":61},[47,161506,36126],{"class":65},[47,161508,102],{"class":61},[47,161510,3816],{"class":86},[47,161512,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161514,5244],{"class":53},[47,161516,58],{"class":57},[47,161518,3803],{"class":86},[47,161520,13681],{"class":445},[47,161522,309],{"class":86},[47,161524,13686],{"class":445},[47,161526,309],{"class":86},[47,161528,29097],{"class":445},[47,161530,3816],{"class":86},[47,161532,161533],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161534,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,161536,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161538,6137],{"class":752},[47,161540,36168],{"class":53},[47,161542,309],{"class":86},[47,161544,5286],{"class":53},[47,161546,1613],{"class":752},[47,161548,161549],{"class":82}," zip",[47,161551,87],{"class":86},[47,161553,5219],{"class":90},[47,161555,309],{"class":86},[47,161557,5291],{"class":90},[47,161559,771],{"class":86},[47,161561,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,161563,776],{"class":82},[47,161565,87],{"class":86},[47,161567,214],{"class":90},[47,161569,309],{"class":86},[47,161571,130993],{"class":90},[47,161573,286],{"class":86},[20,161575,814],{},[38,161577,161579],{"className":40,"code":161578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161580,161581,161587,161594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161582,161583,161585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161584,134012],{"class":53},[47,161586,33311],{"class":445},[47,161588,161589,161592],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161590,161591],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,161593,33316],{"class":445},[47,161595,161596,161599],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161597,161598],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,161600,33321],{"class":445},[20,161602,144,161603,161605],{},[15,161604,64488],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[149,161607,152,161609,155],{"id":161608},"what-zip-does",[15,161610,64488],{},[162,161612,161613,161618,161621,161624],{},[165,161614,161615,161617],{},[15,161616,64488],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[165,161619,161620],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[165,161622,161623],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[165,161625,161626],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161628,161629],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[149,161631,261],{"id":260},[20,161633,7394],{},[38,161635,161637],{"className":40,"code":161636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161638,161639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161640,161641,161643,161645,161648,161650,161653,161655,161657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161642,64558],{"class":82},[47,161644,87],{"class":86},[47,161646,161647],{"class":90},"iterable1",[47,161649,309],{"class":86},[47,161651,161652],{"class":90}," iterable2",[47,161654,309],{"class":86},[47,161656,34630],{"class":82},[47,161658,286],{"class":86},[20,161660,161661],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161663,161664],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,161666,161668],{"className":40,"code":161667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161669,161670,161690,161722,161726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161671,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161673,3798],{"class":53},[47,161675,58],{"class":57},[47,161677,3803],{"class":86},[47,161679,1598],{"class":445},[47,161681,309],{"class":86},[47,161683,1769],{"class":445},[47,161685,309],{"class":86},[47,161687,2630],{"class":445},[47,161689,3816],{"class":86},[47,161691,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161693,36265],{"class":53},[47,161695,58],{"class":57},[47,161697,3803],{"class":86},[47,161699,102],{"class":61},[47,161701,455],{"class":65},[47,161703,102],{"class":61},[47,161705,309],{"class":86},[47,161707,62],{"class":61},[47,161709,2014],{"class":65},[47,161711,102],{"class":61},[47,161713,309],{"class":86},[47,161715,62],{"class":61},[47,161717,9913],{"class":65},[47,161719,102],{"class":61},[47,161721,3816],{"class":86},[47,161723,161724],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161725,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,161727,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161729,83],{"class":82},[47,161731,87],{"class":86},[47,161733,8269],{"class":1570},[47,161735,87],{"class":86},[47,161737,64558],{"class":82},[47,161739,87],{"class":86},[47,161741,3830],{"class":90},[47,161743,309],{"class":86},[47,161745,70263],{"class":90},[47,161747,1958],{"class":86},[20,161749,814],{},[38,161751,161753],{"className":40,"code":161752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161754,161755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161756,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161758,21917],{"class":86},[47,161760,1598],{"class":445},[47,161762,309],{"class":86},[47,161764,3474],{"class":61},[47,161766,455],{"class":65},[47,161768,3479],{"class":61},[47,161770,9408],{"class":86},[47,161772,1067],{"class":86},[47,161774,2233],{"class":445},[47,161776,309],{"class":86},[47,161778,3474],{"class":61},[47,161780,2014],{"class":65},[47,161782,3479],{"class":61},[47,161784,9408],{"class":86},[47,161786,1067],{"class":86},[47,161788,2239],{"class":445},[47,161790,309],{"class":86},[47,161792,3474],{"class":61},[47,161794,9913],{"class":65},[47,161796,3479],{"class":61},[47,161798,9423],{"class":86},[20,161800,161801],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,161803,161805],{"className":40,"code":161804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161806,161807,161839,161859,161893,161897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161808,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161810,5175],{"class":53},[47,161812,58],{"class":57},[47,161814,3803],{"class":86},[47,161816,102],{"class":61},[47,161818,13058],{"class":65},[47,161820,102],{"class":61},[47,161822,309],{"class":86},[47,161824,62],{"class":61},[47,161826,36117],{"class":65},[47,161828,102],{"class":61},[47,161830,309],{"class":86},[47,161832,62],{"class":61},[47,161834,36126],{"class":65},[47,161836,102],{"class":61},[47,161838,3816],{"class":86},[47,161840,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161842,5244],{"class":53},[47,161844,58],{"class":57},[47,161846,3803],{"class":86},[47,161848,13681],{"class":445},[47,161850,309],{"class":86},[47,161852,13686],{"class":445},[47,161854,309],{"class":86},[47,161856,29097],{"class":445},[47,161858,3816],{"class":86},[47,161860,161861,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161889,161891],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,161862,161863],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161865,58],{"class":57},[47,161867,3803],{"class":86},[47,161869,102],{"class":61},[47,161871,22422],{"class":65},[47,161873,102],{"class":61},[47,161875,309],{"class":86},[47,161877,62],{"class":61},[47,161879,30777],{"class":65},[47,161881,102],{"class":61},[47,161883,309],{"class":86},[47,161885,62],{"class":61},[47,161887,161888],{"class":65},"B+",[47,161890,102],{"class":61},[47,161892,3816],{"class":86},[47,161894,161895],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,161896,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,161898,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161922],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,161900,83],{"class":82},[47,161902,87],{"class":86},[47,161904,8269],{"class":1570},[47,161906,87],{"class":86},[47,161908,64558],{"class":82},[47,161910,87],{"class":86},[47,161912,5219],{"class":90},[47,161914,309],{"class":86},[47,161916,5291],{"class":90},[47,161918,309],{"class":86},[47,161920,161921],{"class":90}," grades",[47,161923,1958],{"class":86},[20,161925,814],{},[38,161927,161929],{"className":40,"code":161928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161930,161931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161932,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161934,21917],{"class":86},[47,161936,3479],{"class":61},[47,161938,13058],{"class":65},[47,161940,3479],{"class":61},[47,161942,309],{"class":86},[47,161944,20077],{"class":445},[47,161946,309],{"class":86},[47,161948,3474],{"class":61},[47,161950,22422],{"class":65},[47,161952,3479],{"class":61},[47,161954,9408],{"class":86},[47,161956,1067],{"class":86},[47,161958,3479],{"class":61},[47,161960,36117],{"class":65},[47,161962,3479],{"class":61},[47,161964,309],{"class":86},[47,161966,13686],{"class":445},[47,161968,309],{"class":86},[47,161970,3474],{"class":61},[47,161972,30777],{"class":65},[47,161974,3479],{"class":61},[47,161976,9408],{"class":86},[47,161978,1067],{"class":86},[47,161980,3479],{"class":61},[47,161982,36126],{"class":65},[47,161984,3479],{"class":61},[47,161986,309],{"class":86},[47,161988,29097],{"class":445},[47,161990,309],{"class":86},[47,161992,3474],{"class":61},[47,161994,161888],{"class":65},[47,161996,3479],{"class":61},[47,161998,9423],{"class":86},[149,162000,162002],{"id":162001},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162004,162005],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,162007,162009],{"className":40,"code":162008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162010,162011,162043,162063,162067,162091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162012,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162014,5175],{"class":53},[47,162016,58],{"class":57},[47,162018,3803],{"class":86},[47,162020,102],{"class":61},[47,162022,13058],{"class":65},[47,162024,102],{"class":61},[47,162026,309],{"class":86},[47,162028,62],{"class":61},[47,162030,36117],{"class":65},[47,162032,102],{"class":61},[47,162034,309],{"class":86},[47,162036,62],{"class":61},[47,162038,36126],{"class":65},[47,162040,102],{"class":61},[47,162042,3816],{"class":86},[47,162044,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162046,5244],{"class":53},[47,162048,58],{"class":57},[47,162050,3803],{"class":86},[47,162052,13681],{"class":445},[47,162054,309],{"class":86},[47,162056,13686],{"class":445},[47,162058,309],{"class":86},[47,162060,29097],{"class":445},[47,162062,3816],{"class":86},[47,162064,162065],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162066,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162068,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162070,6137],{"class":752},[47,162072,36168],{"class":53},[47,162074,309],{"class":86},[47,162076,5286],{"class":53},[47,162078,1613],{"class":752},[47,162080,161549],{"class":82},[47,162082,87],{"class":86},[47,162084,5219],{"class":90},[47,162086,309],{"class":86},[47,162088,5291],{"class":90},[47,162090,771],{"class":86},[47,162092,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,162094,776],{"class":82},[47,162096,87],{"class":86},[47,162098,22471],{"class":2242},[47,162100,102],{"class":65},[47,162102,9452],{"class":445},[47,162104,214],{"class":90},[47,162106,22480],{"class":445},[47,162108,162109],{"class":65}," scored ",[47,162111,9452],{"class":445},[47,162113,85685],{"class":90},[47,162115,22480],{"class":445},[47,162117,102],{"class":65},[47,162119,286],{"class":86},[20,162121,814],{},[38,162123,162125],{"className":40,"code":162124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162126,162127,162134,162141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162128,162129,162132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162130,162131],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,162133,33311],{"class":445},[47,162135,162136,162139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162137,162138],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,162140,33316],{"class":445},[47,162142,162143,162146],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162144,162145],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,162147,33321],{"class":445},[20,162149,45103],{},[162,162151,162152,162161,162164],{},[165,162153,162154,162157,162158],{},[15,162155,162156],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162159,162160],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[165,162162,162163],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[165,162165,162166,837,162168,162170],{},[15,162167,214],{},[15,162169,85685],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162172,162173,162174,94],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[455,162175,69780],{"href":69779},[149,162177,162179],{"id":162178},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162181,162182,162184],{},[15,162183,64488],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162186,162187],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,162189,162191],{"className":40,"code":162190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162192,162193,162234,162250,162254,162278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162194,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162230,162232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162196,5175],{"class":53},[47,162198,58],{"class":57},[47,162200,3803],{"class":86},[47,162202,102],{"class":61},[47,162204,13058],{"class":65},[47,162206,102],{"class":61},[47,162208,309],{"class":86},[47,162210,62],{"class":61},[47,162212,36117],{"class":65},[47,162214,102],{"class":61},[47,162216,309],{"class":86},[47,162218,62],{"class":61},[47,162220,36126],{"class":65},[47,162222,102],{"class":61},[47,162224,309],{"class":86},[47,162226,62],{"class":61},[47,162228,162229],{"class":65},"Dan",[47,162231,102],{"class":61},[47,162233,3816],{"class":86},[47,162235,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162237,5244],{"class":53},[47,162239,58],{"class":57},[47,162241,3803],{"class":86},[47,162243,13681],{"class":445},[47,162245,309],{"class":86},[47,162247,13686],{"class":445},[47,162249,3816],{"class":86},[47,162251,162252],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162253,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162255,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162257,6137],{"class":752},[47,162259,36168],{"class":53},[47,162261,309],{"class":86},[47,162263,5286],{"class":53},[47,162265,1613],{"class":752},[47,162267,161549],{"class":82},[47,162269,87],{"class":86},[47,162271,5219],{"class":90},[47,162273,309],{"class":86},[47,162275,5291],{"class":90},[47,162277,771],{"class":86},[47,162279,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,162281,776],{"class":82},[47,162283,87],{"class":86},[47,162285,214],{"class":90},[47,162287,309],{"class":86},[47,162289,130993],{"class":90},[47,162291,286],{"class":86},[20,162293,814],{},[38,162295,162297],{"className":40,"code":162296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162298,162299,162305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162300,162301,162303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162302,134012],{"class":53},[47,162304,33311],{"class":445},[47,162306,162307,162309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162308,161591],{"class":53},[47,162310,33316],{"class":445},[20,162312,2464,162313,837,162316,162319],{},[15,162314,162315],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162317,162318],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162321,162322],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,162324,162326],{"className":40,"code":162325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162327,162328,162368,162384,162388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162329,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162331,5175],{"class":53},[47,162333,58],{"class":57},[47,162335,3803],{"class":86},[47,162337,102],{"class":61},[47,162339,13058],{"class":65},[47,162341,102],{"class":61},[47,162343,309],{"class":86},[47,162345,62],{"class":61},[47,162347,36117],{"class":65},[47,162349,102],{"class":61},[47,162351,309],{"class":86},[47,162353,62],{"class":61},[47,162355,36126],{"class":65},[47,162357,102],{"class":61},[47,162359,309],{"class":86},[47,162361,62],{"class":61},[47,162363,162229],{"class":65},[47,162365,102],{"class":61},[47,162367,3816],{"class":86},[47,162369,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162371,5244],{"class":53},[47,162373,58],{"class":57},[47,162375,3803],{"class":86},[47,162377,13681],{"class":445},[47,162379,309],{"class":86},[47,162381,13686],{"class":445},[47,162383,3816],{"class":86},[47,162385,162386],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162387,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162389,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162391,83],{"class":82},[47,162393,87],{"class":86},[47,162395,11337],{"class":82},[47,162397,87],{"class":86},[47,162399,5219],{"class":90},[47,162401,9408],{"class":86},[47,162403,38561],{"class":82},[47,162405,87],{"class":86},[47,162407,16569],{"class":90},[47,162409,1879],{"class":86},[20,162411,814],{},[38,162413,162415],{"className":40,"code":162414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,162416,162417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162418,162419,162421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162420,2682],{"class":445},[47,162422,45762],{"class":445},[20,162424,162425,162426,94],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162427,64488],{},[149,162429,92276,162431,162433],{"id":162430},"converting-zip-output",[15,162432,64488],{}," output",[20,162435,29238,162436,162438],{},[15,162437,64488],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[469,162440,144,162442],{"id":162441},"use-listzip",[15,162443,162444],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162446,162447],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,162449,162451],{"className":40,"code":162450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162452,162453,162485,162505,162509,162531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162454,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162456,5175],{"class":53},[47,162458,58],{"class":57},[47,162460,3803],{"class":86},[47,162462,102],{"class":61},[47,162464,13058],{"class":65},[47,162466,102],{"class":61},[47,162468,309],{"class":86},[47,162470,62],{"class":61},[47,162472,36117],{"class":65},[47,162474,102],{"class":61},[47,162476,309],{"class":86},[47,162478,62],{"class":61},[47,162480,36126],{"class":65},[47,162482,102],{"class":61},[47,162484,3816],{"class":86},[47,162486,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162488,5244],{"class":53},[47,162490,58],{"class":57},[47,162492,3803],{"class":86},[47,162494,13681],{"class":445},[47,162496,309],{"class":86},[47,162498,13686],{"class":445},[47,162500,309],{"class":86},[47,162502,29097],{"class":445},[47,162504,3816],{"class":86},[47,162506,162507],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162508,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162510,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162512,9390],{"class":53},[47,162514,58],{"class":57},[47,162516,22737],{"class":1570},[47,162518,87],{"class":86},[47,162520,64558],{"class":82},[47,162522,87],{"class":86},[47,162524,5219],{"class":90},[47,162526,309],{"class":86},[47,162528,5291],{"class":90},[47,162530,1879],{"class":86},[47,162532,162533,162535,162537,162539],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,162534,83],{"class":82},[47,162536,87],{"class":86},[47,162538,9436],{"class":90},[47,162540,286],{"class":86},[20,162542,814],{},[38,162544,162546],{"className":40,"code":162545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162547,162548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162549,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162551,21917],{"class":86},[47,162553,3479],{"class":61},[47,162555,13058],{"class":65},[47,162557,3479],{"class":61},[47,162559,309],{"class":86},[47,162561,20077],{"class":445},[47,162563,9408],{"class":86},[47,162565,1067],{"class":86},[47,162567,3479],{"class":61},[47,162569,36117],{"class":65},[47,162571,3479],{"class":61},[47,162573,309],{"class":86},[47,162575,13686],{"class":445},[47,162577,9408],{"class":86},[47,162579,1067],{"class":86},[47,162581,3479],{"class":61},[47,162583,36126],{"class":65},[47,162585,3479],{"class":61},[47,162587,309],{"class":86},[47,162589,29097],{"class":445},[47,162591,9423],{"class":86},[469,162593,144,162595],{"id":162594},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162596,162597],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162599,162600],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,162602,162604],{"className":40,"code":162603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162605,162606,162638,162666,162670,162692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162607,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162609,17421],{"class":53},[47,162611,58],{"class":57},[47,162613,3803],{"class":86},[47,162615,102],{"class":61},[47,162617,214],{"class":65},[47,162619,102],{"class":61},[47,162621,309],{"class":86},[47,162623,62],{"class":61},[47,162625,9473],{"class":65},[47,162627,102],{"class":61},[47,162629,309],{"class":86},[47,162631,62],{"class":61},[47,162633,10583],{"class":65},[47,162635,102],{"class":61},[47,162637,3816],{"class":86},[47,162639,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162641,4003],{"class":53},[47,162643,58],{"class":57},[47,162645,3803],{"class":86},[47,162647,102],{"class":61},[47,162649,13058],{"class":65},[47,162651,102],{"class":61},[47,162653,309],{"class":86},[47,162655,9480],{"class":445},[47,162657,309],{"class":86},[47,162659,62],{"class":61},[47,162661,16211],{"class":65},[47,162663,102],{"class":61},[47,162665,3816],{"class":86},[47,162667,162668],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162669,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162673,13383],{"class":53},[47,162675,58],{"class":57},[47,162677,9345],{"class":1570},[47,162679,87],{"class":86},[47,162681,64558],{"class":82},[47,162683,87],{"class":86},[47,162685,17102],{"class":90},[47,162687,309],{"class":86},[47,162689,4065],{"class":90},[47,162691,1879],{"class":86},[47,162693,162694,162696,162698,162700],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,162695,83],{"class":82},[47,162697,87],{"class":86},[47,162699,17486],{"class":90},[47,162701,286],{"class":86},[20,162703,814],{},[38,162705,162707],{"className":40,"code":162706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162708,162709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162710,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162712,9452],{"class":86},[47,162714,3479],{"class":61},[47,162716,214],{"class":65},[47,162718,3479],{"class":61},[47,162720,3062],{"class":86},[47,162722,3474],{"class":61},[47,162724,13058],{"class":65},[47,162726,3479],{"class":61},[47,162728,309],{"class":86},[47,162730,3474],{"class":61},[47,162732,9473],{"class":65},[47,162734,3479],{"class":61},[47,162736,3062],{"class":86},[47,162738,9480],{"class":445},[47,162740,309],{"class":86},[47,162742,3474],{"class":61},[47,162744,10583],{"class":65},[47,162746,3479],{"class":61},[47,162748,3062],{"class":86},[47,162750,3474],{"class":61},[47,162752,16211],{"class":65},[47,162754,3479],{"class":61},[47,162756,9483],{"class":86},[20,162758,162759,162760,94],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[455,162761,31262],{"href":31261},[469,162763,162765],{"id":162764},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162767,162768],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,162770,162772],{"className":40,"code":162771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162773,162774,162798,162814,162818,162836,162840,162854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162775,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162777,5175],{"class":53},[47,162779,58],{"class":57},[47,162781,3803],{"class":86},[47,162783,102],{"class":61},[47,162785,13058],{"class":65},[47,162787,102],{"class":61},[47,162789,309],{"class":86},[47,162791,62],{"class":61},[47,162793,36117],{"class":65},[47,162795,102],{"class":61},[47,162797,3816],{"class":86},[47,162799,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162801,5244],{"class":53},[47,162803,58],{"class":57},[47,162805,3803],{"class":86},[47,162807,13681],{"class":445},[47,162809,309],{"class":86},[47,162811,13686],{"class":445},[47,162813,3816],{"class":86},[47,162815,162816],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162817,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162821,9390],{"class":53},[47,162823,58],{"class":57},[47,162825,161549],{"class":82},[47,162827,87],{"class":86},[47,162829,5219],{"class":90},[47,162831,309],{"class":86},[47,162833,5291],{"class":90},[47,162835,286],{"class":86},[47,162837,162838],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,162839,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162841,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,162843,83],{"class":82},[47,162845,87],{"class":86},[47,162847,8269],{"class":1570},[47,162849,87],{"class":86},[47,162851,9436],{"class":90},[47,162853,1879],{"class":86},[47,162855,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,162857,83],{"class":82},[47,162859,87],{"class":86},[47,162861,8269],{"class":1570},[47,162863,87],{"class":86},[47,162865,9436],{"class":90},[47,162867,1879],{"class":86},[20,162869,814],{},[38,162871,162873],{"className":40,"code":162872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162874,162875,162905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162876,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162878,21917],{"class":86},[47,162880,3479],{"class":61},[47,162882,13058],{"class":65},[47,162884,3479],{"class":61},[47,162886,309],{"class":86},[47,162888,20077],{"class":445},[47,162890,9408],{"class":86},[47,162892,1067],{"class":86},[47,162894,3479],{"class":61},[47,162896,36117],{"class":65},[47,162898,3479],{"class":61},[47,162900,309],{"class":86},[47,162902,13686],{"class":445},[47,162904,9423],{"class":86},[47,162906,162907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162908,38472],{"class":86},[20,162910,162911],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162913,162914,162915,94],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[455,162916,5317],{"href":5765},[149,162918,41220],{"id":41219},[20,162920,162921,162922,94],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162923,64488],{},[469,162925,162927],{"id":162926},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,162929,162931],{"className":40,"code":162930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162932,162933,162965,162985,162989,163013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162934,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162936,5175],{"class":53},[47,162938,58],{"class":57},[47,162940,3803],{"class":86},[47,162942,102],{"class":61},[47,162944,13058],{"class":65},[47,162946,102],{"class":61},[47,162948,309],{"class":86},[47,162950,62],{"class":61},[47,162952,36117],{"class":65},[47,162954,102],{"class":61},[47,162956,309],{"class":86},[47,162958,62],{"class":61},[47,162960,36126],{"class":65},[47,162962,102],{"class":61},[47,162964,3816],{"class":86},[47,162966,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162968,5244],{"class":53},[47,162970,58],{"class":57},[47,162972,3803],{"class":86},[47,162974,13681],{"class":445},[47,162976,309],{"class":86},[47,162978,13686],{"class":445},[47,162980,309],{"class":86},[47,162982,29097],{"class":445},[47,162984,3816],{"class":86},[47,162986,162987],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,162988,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,162992,6137],{"class":752},[47,162994,36168],{"class":53},[47,162996,309],{"class":86},[47,162998,5286],{"class":53},[47,163000,1613],{"class":752},[47,163002,161549],{"class":82},[47,163004,87],{"class":86},[47,163006,5219],{"class":90},[47,163008,309],{"class":86},[47,163010,5291],{"class":90},[47,163012,771],{"class":86},[47,163014,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163016,776],{"class":82},[47,163018,87],{"class":86},[47,163020,22471],{"class":2242},[47,163022,102],{"class":65},[47,163024,9452],{"class":445},[47,163026,214],{"class":90},[47,163028,22480],{"class":445},[47,163030,22483],{"class":65},[47,163032,9452],{"class":445},[47,163034,85685],{"class":90},[47,163036,22480],{"class":445},[47,163038,102],{"class":65},[47,163040,286],{"class":86},[469,163042,163044],{"id":163043},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,163046,163048],{"className":40,"code":163047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163049,163050,163082,163106,163110,163132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163051,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163053,17421],{"class":53},[47,163055,58],{"class":57},[47,163057,3803],{"class":86},[47,163059,102],{"class":61},[47,163061,12827],{"class":65},[47,163063,102],{"class":61},[47,163065,309],{"class":86},[47,163067,62],{"class":61},[47,163069,214],{"class":65},[47,163071,102],{"class":61},[47,163073,309],{"class":86},[47,163075,62],{"class":61},[47,163077,16001],{"class":65},[47,163079,102],{"class":61},[47,163081,3816],{"class":86},[47,163083,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163085,4003],{"class":53},[47,163087,58],{"class":57},[47,163089,3803],{"class":86},[47,163091,46765],{"class":445},[47,163093,309],{"class":86},[47,163095,62],{"class":61},[47,163097,13058],{"class":65},[47,163099,102],{"class":61},[47,163101,309],{"class":86},[47,163103,4096],{"class":4032},[47,163105,3816],{"class":86},[47,163107,163108],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163109,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163113,9340],{"class":53},[47,163115,58],{"class":57},[47,163117,9345],{"class":1570},[47,163119,87],{"class":86},[47,163121,64558],{"class":82},[47,163123,87],{"class":86},[47,163125,17102],{"class":90},[47,163127,309],{"class":86},[47,163129,4065],{"class":90},[47,163131,1879],{"class":86},[47,163133,163134,163136,163138,163140],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163135,83],{"class":82},[47,163137,87],{"class":86},[47,163139,9379],{"class":90},[47,163141,286],{"class":86},[469,163143,163145],{"id":163144},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,163147,163149],{"className":40,"code":163148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163150,163151,163171,163191,163195,163220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163152,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163154,80823],{"class":53},[47,163156,58],{"class":57},[47,163158,3803],{"class":86},[47,163160,2509],{"class":445},[47,163162,309],{"class":86},[47,163164,7966],{"class":445},[47,163166,309],{"class":86},[47,163168,7971],{"class":445},[47,163170,3816],{"class":86},[47,163172,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163174,80844],{"class":53},[47,163176,58],{"class":57},[47,163178,3803],{"class":86},[47,163180,2509],{"class":445},[47,163182,309],{"class":86},[47,163184,9480],{"class":445},[47,163186,309],{"class":86},[47,163188,7971],{"class":445},[47,163190,3816],{"class":86},[47,163192,163193],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163194,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163196,163197,163199,163201,163203,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163198,6137],{"class":752},[47,163200,57057],{"class":53},[47,163202,309],{"class":86},[47,163204,163205],{"class":53}," b ",[47,163207,1613],{"class":752},[47,163209,161549],{"class":82},[47,163211,87],{"class":86},[47,163213,111915],{"class":90},[47,163215,309],{"class":86},[47,163217,80887],{"class":90},[47,163219,771],{"class":86},[47,163221,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163223,776],{"class":82},[47,163225,87],{"class":86},[47,163227,2732],{"class":90},[47,163229,4871],{"class":57},[47,163231,2737],{"class":90},[47,163233,286],{"class":86},[20,163235,814],{},[38,163237,163239],{"className":40,"code":163238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163240,163241,163245,163249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163242,163243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163244,4160],{"class":4032},[47,163246,163247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163248,4221],{"class":4032},[47,163250,163251],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163252,4160],{"class":4032},[469,163254,163256],{"id":163255},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,163258,163260],{"className":40,"code":163259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163261,163262,163297,163320,163324,163351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163263,163264,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163284,163286,163288,163290,163293,163295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163265,163266],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163268,58],{"class":57},[47,163270,3803],{"class":86},[47,163272,102],{"class":61},[47,163274,25318],{"class":65},[47,163276,102],{"class":61},[47,163278,309],{"class":86},[47,163280,62],{"class":61},[47,163282,163283],{"class":65},"Pen",[47,163285,102],{"class":61},[47,163287,309],{"class":86},[47,163289,62],{"class":61},[47,163291,163292],{"class":65},"Bag",[47,163294,102],{"class":61},[47,163296,3816],{"class":86},[47,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305,163308,163310,163313,163315,163318],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163300,83213],{"class":53},[47,163302,58],{"class":57},[47,163304,3803],{"class":86},[47,163306,163307],{"class":445},"12.5",[47,163309,309],{"class":86},[47,163311,163312],{"class":445}," 1.2",[47,163314,309],{"class":86},[47,163316,163317],{"class":445}," 25.0",[47,163319,3816],{"class":86},[47,163321,163322],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163323,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163325,163326,163328,163330,163332,163335,163337,163339,163341,163344,163346,163349],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163327,6137],{"class":752},[47,163329,25379],{"class":53},[47,163331,309],{"class":86},[47,163333,163334],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163336,1613],{"class":752},[47,163338,161549],{"class":82},[47,163340,87],{"class":86},[47,163342,163343],{"class":90},"products",[47,163345,309],{"class":86},[47,163347,163348],{"class":90}," prices",[47,163350,771],{"class":86},[47,163352,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163354,776],{"class":82},[47,163356,87],{"class":86},[47,163358,22471],{"class":2242},[47,163360,102],{"class":65},[47,163362,9452],{"class":445},[47,163364,27187],{"class":90},[47,163366,22480],{"class":445},[47,163368,163369],{"class":65}," costs $",[47,163371,9452],{"class":445},[47,163373,25327],{"class":90},[47,163375,22480],{"class":445},[47,163377,102],{"class":65},[47,163379,286],{"class":86},[20,163381,36777,163382,94],{},[455,163383,163385],{"href":163384},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[149,163387,163389,163390],{"id":163388},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163391,64488],{},[469,163393,8628,163395,163397],{"id":163394},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163396,64488],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163399,163400,163402],{},[15,163401,64488],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163404,163405],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,163407,163409],{"className":40,"code":163408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163410,163411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163412,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163414,83],{"class":82},[47,163416,87],{"class":86},[47,163418,11337],{"class":82},[47,163420,87],{"class":86},[47,163422,111915],{"class":90},[47,163424,9408],{"class":86},[47,163426,38561],{"class":82},[47,163428,87],{"class":86},[47,163430,81110],{"class":90},[47,163432,1879],{"class":86},[469,163434,163436],{"id":163435},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163438,69004],{},[38,163440,163442],{"className":40,"code":163441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163443,163444,163480,163484,163497,163507,163511,163523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163447,9390],{"class":53},[47,163449,58],{"class":57},[47,163451,161549],{"class":82},[47,163453,3163],{"class":86},[47,163455,1598],{"class":445},[47,163457,309],{"class":86},[47,163459,1769],{"class":445},[47,163461,18240],{"class":86},[47,163463,3803],{"class":86},[47,163465,102],{"class":61},[47,163467,455],{"class":65},[47,163469,102],{"class":61},[47,163471,309],{"class":86},[47,163473,62],{"class":61},[47,163475,2014],{"class":65},[47,163477,102],{"class":61},[47,163479,4068],{"class":86},[47,163481,163482],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163483,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163485,163486,163488,163490,163492,163495],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163487,6137],{"class":752},[47,163489,6140],{"class":53},[47,163491,1613],{"class":752},[47,163493,163494],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163496,795],{"class":86},[47,163498,163499,163501,163503,163505],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163500,776],{"class":82},[47,163502,87],{"class":86},[47,163504,23487],{"class":90},[47,163506,286],{"class":86},[47,163508,163509],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163510,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163512,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521],{"class":49,"line":798},[47,163514,6137],{"class":752},[47,163516,6140],{"class":53},[47,163518,1613],{"class":752},[47,163520,163494],{"class":53},[47,163522,795],{"class":86},[47,163524,163525,163527,163529,163531],{"class":49,"line":1090},[47,163526,776],{"class":82},[47,163528,87],{"class":86},[47,163530,23487],{"class":90},[47,163532,286],{"class":86},[20,163534,163535],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[469,163537,163539],{"id":163538},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163541,163542],{},"This is correct:",[38,163544,163546],{"className":40,"code":163545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163547,163548,163572,163588,163592,163616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163549,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163551,5175],{"class":53},[47,163553,58],{"class":57},[47,163555,3803],{"class":86},[47,163557,102],{"class":61},[47,163559,13058],{"class":65},[47,163561,102],{"class":61},[47,163563,309],{"class":86},[47,163565,62],{"class":61},[47,163567,36117],{"class":65},[47,163569,102],{"class":61},[47,163571,3816],{"class":86},[47,163573,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163575,5244],{"class":53},[47,163577,58],{"class":57},[47,163579,3803],{"class":86},[47,163581,13681],{"class":445},[47,163583,309],{"class":86},[47,163585,13686],{"class":445},[47,163587,3816],{"class":86},[47,163589,163590],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163591,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163593,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163595,6137],{"class":752},[47,163597,36168],{"class":53},[47,163599,309],{"class":86},[47,163601,5286],{"class":53},[47,163603,1613],{"class":752},[47,163605,161549],{"class":82},[47,163607,87],{"class":86},[47,163609,5219],{"class":90},[47,163611,309],{"class":86},[47,163613,5291],{"class":90},[47,163615,771],{"class":86},[47,163617,163618,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628],{"class":49,"line":422},[47,163619,776],{"class":82},[47,163621,87],{"class":86},[47,163623,214],{"class":90},[47,163625,309],{"class":86},[47,163627,130993],{"class":90},[47,163629,286],{"class":86},[20,163631,163632],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,163634,163636],{"className":40,"code":163635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163637,163638,163658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163639,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650,163652,163654,163656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163641,6137],{"class":752},[47,163643,6140],{"class":53},[47,163645,1613],{"class":752},[47,163647,161549],{"class":82},[47,163649,87],{"class":86},[47,163651,5219],{"class":90},[47,163653,309],{"class":86},[47,163655,5291],{"class":90},[47,163657,771],{"class":86},[47,163659,163660,163662,163664,163666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163661,776],{"class":82},[47,163663,87],{"class":86},[47,163665,23487],{"class":90},[47,163667,286],{"class":86},[20,163669,814],{},[38,163671,163673],{"className":40,"code":163672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163674,163675,163691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163678,87],{"class":86},[47,163680,3479],{"class":61},[47,163682,13058],{"class":65},[47,163684,3479],{"class":61},[47,163686,309],{"class":86},[47,163688,20077],{"class":445},[47,163690,286],{"class":86},[47,163692,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163694,87],{"class":86},[47,163696,3479],{"class":61},[47,163698,36117],{"class":65},[47,163700,3479],{"class":61},[47,163702,309],{"class":86},[47,163704,13686],{"class":445},[47,163706,286],{"class":86},[20,163708,163709],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[469,163711,831,163713,163715,163716],{"id":163712},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163714,64488],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163717,35925],{},[20,163719,144,163720,163722],{},[15,163721,64488],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163724,144,163725,163727],{},[15,163726,35925],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,163729,163730],{"className":40,"code":36094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,163731,163732,163764,163768,163788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163733,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746,163748,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760,163762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163735,5175],{"class":53},[47,163737,58],{"class":57},[47,163739,3803],{"class":86},[47,163741,102],{"class":61},[47,163743,13058],{"class":65},[47,163745,102],{"class":61},[47,163747,309],{"class":86},[47,163749,62],{"class":61},[47,163751,36117],{"class":65},[47,163753,102],{"class":61},[47,163755,309],{"class":86},[47,163757,62],{"class":61},[47,163759,36126],{"class":65},[47,163761,102],{"class":61},[47,163763,3816],{"class":86},[47,163765,163766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163767,76],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":75},[47,163769,163770,163772,163774,163776,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786],{"class":49,"line":79},[47,163771,6137],{"class":752},[47,163773,35997],{"class":53},[47,163775,309],{"class":86},[47,163777,36145],{"class":53},[47,163779,1613],{"class":752},[47,163781,36007],{"class":82},[47,163783,87],{"class":86},[47,163785,5219],{"class":90},[47,163787,771],{"class":86},[47,163789,163790,163792,163794,163796,163798,163800],{"class":49,"line":117},[47,163791,776],{"class":82},[47,163793,87],{"class":86},[47,163795,36022],{"class":90},[47,163797,309],{"class":86},[47,163799,36168],{"class":90},[47,163801,286],{"class":86},[20,163803,163804,163805,94],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[455,163806,3755,163807,3688],{"href":92188},[15,163808,35925],{},[149,163810,1962],{"id":1961},[469,163812,5323,163814,5326],{"id":163813},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163815,64488],{},[20,163817,163818],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[469,163820,1966,163822,163824],{"id":163821},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163823,64488],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163826,163827],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[469,163829,163831,163832,2037],{"id":163830},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163833,64488],{},[20,163835,163836,163837,94],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163838,162444],{},[469,163840,163842,163843,2037],{"id":163841},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163844,64488],{},[20,163846,128361,163847,163849],{},[15,163848,162597],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[469,163851,163853],{"id":163852},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163855,163856],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[149,163858,2062],{"id":2061},[162,163860,163861,163866,163872,163876,163880],{},[165,163862,163863],{},[455,163864,163865],{"href":163384},"How to use zip in Python",[165,163867,163868],{},[455,163869,3755,163870,3688],{"href":92188},[15,163871,35925],{},[165,163873,163874],{},[455,163875,5395],{"href":5765},[165,163877,163878],{},[455,163879,69856],{"href":69779},[165,163881,163882],{},[455,163883,32435],{"href":31261},[2093,163885,163886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":163888},[163889,163890,163892,163893,163894,163895,163903,163909,163918,163929],{"id":2178,"depth":72,"text":2179},{"id":161608,"depth":72,"text":163891},"What zip() does",{"id":260,"depth":72,"text":261},{"id":162001,"depth":72,"text":162002},{"id":162178,"depth":72,"text":162179},{"id":162430,"depth":72,"text":163896,"children":163897},"Converting zip() output",[163898,163900,163902],{"id":162441,"depth":79,"text":163899},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162594,"depth":79,"text":163901},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162764,"depth":79,"text":162765},{"id":41219,"depth":72,"text":41220,"children":163904},[163905,163906,163907,163908],{"id":162926,"depth":79,"text":162927},{"id":163043,"depth":79,"text":163044},{"id":163144,"depth":79,"text":163145},{"id":163255,"depth":79,"text":163256},{"id":163388,"depth":72,"text":163910,"children":163911},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163912,163914,163915,163916],{"id":163394,"depth":79,"text":163913},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163435,"depth":79,"text":163436},{"id":163538,"depth":79,"text":163539},{"id":163712,"depth":79,"text":163917},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1961,"depth":72,"text":1962,"children":163919},[163920,163922,163924,163926,163928],{"id":163813,"depth":79,"text":163921},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163821,"depth":79,"text":163923},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163830,"depth":79,"text":163925},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163841,"depth":79,"text":163927},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163852,"depth":79,"text":163853},{"id":2061,"depth":72,"text":2062},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161450,"description":163930},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945149435]